Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Framework

A. Definition – the “United States Federal Government” is the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.
USA.gov, the U.S. government's official web portal, 9
(“U.S. Federal Government”, http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml, accessed 7-29-9)

U.S. Federal Government¶  AND U.S. government's branches.

And, “Its” is a possessive determiner – they indicate possession of the noun they modify – in this case, the energy policy that is possessed by the United States Federal Government
Kosur, Language Learning Channel contributing editor and Illinois State University Milner Library conservation technician, 9
(Heather Marie, 6-16-9, “The Forms and Function of Determiners in English”,
http://www.brighthub.com/education/languages/articles/36828.aspx, accessed 9-7-9)

Possessive Determiners¶ The second grammatical form of the determiner in English is the possessive
AND
are also referred to as possessive adjectives and sometimes incorrectly called possessive pronouns.

And, “should” implies a call to action
Dictionary.com
("should." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House,
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should, accessed 9-9-9)

3. must; ought (used to indicate duty, propriety, or expediency): You should not do that.

B. Violation – the aff doesn’t defend an increase in US federal government’s incentives for energy or reduction in restrictions.
C. Fairness– 

    Predictable ground – USFG action is critical to all negative strategies – there are an infinite amount of non-policy advocacies that are impossible to predict – USFG is key to all generic negative arguments.
    2. Aff conditionality- only a resolutionally-based plan prevents shifting advocacies- their framework allows aff vagueness, allowing the aff to become a moving target which destroys discussion, advocacy skills and fair ground.
    D. Impacts –
    Unpredictable or unfair debates preclude an informed discussion that rigorously tests the efficacy of their approach- this collapses civic deliberation because it prevents informed clash. This outweighs all other impacts - fairness is a prerequisite for voting for one team’s arguments or advocacy over the other’s - because we can’t test the truth-value of an argument or advocacy without rigorously testing it.
    2. Predictability is the key starting point for discussion
    Shively, former Texas AandM political science assistant professor, 2000
    Ruth, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, edited by Portis, Gundersen, and Shively, “Political Theory and the Postmodern Politics of Ambiguity,” 181-2

The requirements given thus far are primarily negative. The ambiguists must say “no
AND
. In other words, contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony.
3. Fairness is key to education- agreed fundamental rules are essential to prevent political debates from devolving into irresolvable ideological disputes- their framework guarantees resistance and hostility
Portis, Gunderson and Shively, Texas AandM political science professors, 2000
Edward Bryan, Adolf G., and Ruth Lessl, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, 2-3

By extension, partisan divisions based upon competing constellations of interests, such as class
AND
framework provides criteria by which coherence might be assessed and alternative positions evaluated.
4. Evaluating between policy options is key to real world education about possible reforms- their interpretation devastates learning about the real world.  The inherent vagueness of their broad advocacy statements and lack of analysis of mechanisms, actors and implementation destroy reciprocal and coherent deliberation about the merits of an idea- a resolutionally-based policy focus is key to rigorous testing of ideas.
5. Topical version of the aff solves – advocating USFG action solves their offense while avoiding ours. 

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC Policymaking DA

A. Links –

    Engaging in theoretical philosophy only meant to persuade those in the room without any call to action outside of it creates a spectator mentality – it undermines all action to end human misery and change political structures
    David E. McClean, New School University Professor, and Society for the Study of Africana Philosophy President, 2001, “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” http://www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion%20papers/david_mcclean.htm

Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country
AND
critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
2. This distracts us from more important work for policy pragmatism – the aff’s inaccessible abstract musings will not create change and allow us to think all of our troubles away
Johnston, Emory University, 2004
Adrian, "The Cynic's Fetish: Slavoj Zizek and the Dynamics of Belief," http://www.scribd.com/doc/20244451/Johnston-a-The-Cynic-s-Fetish-Slavoj-Zizek-and-the-Dynamics-of-Belief, 1/1

However, the absence of this type of Lacan-underwritten argument in Žiž
AND
whose underlying complicity with the  present state of affairs he describes so well.
3. Environmentalism fails when focused on the individual level – debating policy proposals grounded in institutional awareness is key to change.
Maniates, Professor of Political Science and Environmental Science at Allegheny College, 1
(Michael, “Individualization: Plant a Tree, Buy a Bike, Save the World?,” Global Environmental Politics 1:3, August 2001, http://merlin.allegheny.edu/employee/m/mmaniate/savetheworld.pdf, page 32-33, accessed 6-20-12, CMM)

Mark Dowie, a journalist and sometimes historian of the American environmental movement, writes
AND
impact” = “population” x “affluence” x “technology.”

Any environmental strategy that fails to activate political forces will fail – only state action produces effective change.
Maniates, Professor of Political Science and Environmental Science at Allegheny College, 1
(Michael, “Individualization: Plant a Tree, Buy a Bike, Save the World?,” Global Environmental Politics 1:3, August 2001, http://merlin.allegheny.edu/employee/m/mmaniate/savetheworld.pdf, page 32-33, accessed 6-20-12, CMM)

And yet mainstream environmentalism has not always advanced an individualized consumeristic strategy for redressing environmental
AND
they were lovely visionaries, naive about the forces that confronted them.22

B. Impact – This year’s resolutions provides us with the important opportunity of discussing U.S. energy policy, which is directly tied the increasing environmental problems of the status quo. The potential for education on this topic in the university space and the skills taught in debate are uniquely key to achieving environmental sustainability – otherwise, extinction is inevitable.
Segalàsa et al, UNESCO Chair of Sustainability, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, 10
(J., D. Ferrer-Balasb, Centre for Sustainability, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, K.F. Mulderc, Technology Dynamics and Sustainable Development, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands, “What do engineering students learn in sustainability courses? The effect of the pedagogical approach,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 18, Issue 3, February 2010, Pages 275–284, Science Direct, accessed 6-12-12, CMM)

There are a considerable number of signs suggesting that our industrialised society might eventually cause
AND
work within transdisciplinary frameworks and to develop values consistent with the sustainability paradigm.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their fetishizing of Native Americans bolsters capitalism- their movement becomes coopted.
Aldred, Montana State University  Native American studies professor, 2000
lisa, “plastic shamans and stroturf sun dances” jstor, accessed 4-17-10, TP

The subjectivities of human experience produced under capitalism leads to feelings of alienation. Yet
AND
of their own historical and social complicity in the oppression of indigenous peoples.

B. Resisting this reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale.
Daly, University College of Northampton politics senior lecturer, 2004
Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
AND
abject Other to that of a ‘glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

C. Completely withdraw from the ideology of capital – this is essential to destroy the fetish that allows capital to survive.
Johnston, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory University, 2004
Adrian, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, December v9 i3 p259 page infotrac

Perhaps the absence of a detailed political roadmap in Zizek's recent writings isn't a
AND
comforting fiction ("Capitalist commodity fetishism or the truth? I choose fetishism"). 

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
They speed up environmental destruction.
Lewis, George Washington University geography and regional science professor, 1992
Martin, “Green Delusions: An Environmentalist Critique of Radical Environmentalism” http://books.google.com/books?id=cMThEEHW2JYCandprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageandqandf=false, p.8, accessed 7-10-12, TAP

Finally, the radical green movement threatens nature by advocating a return to the land
AND
metropolitan areas, rural populations would soar and wildlife habitat would necessarily diminish.

Some degree of centralized structures is good and doesn’t cause totalitarianism – the critiques all or nothing approach results in economic chaos, war, and oppression.
Lewis, George Washington University geography and regional science professor, 1992
Martin, “Green Delusions: An Environmentalist Critique of Radical Environmentalism” http://www.amazon.com/Green-Delusions-Environmentalist-Critique-Environmentalism/dp/0822314746, p.101-2, accessed 7-10-12, TAP

The eco-radical fear of cities and other large-scale structures seems to
AND
increasing centralization, although certain political interest groups may well pull for it. 

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Interpretation – Government purchases may be an incentive but they aren’t FINANCIAL incentives.
Sam Schoofs, Calvin College, 2004,
2004, Washington Internships for Students of Engineering Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 6 August 2004 A federal Renewable Portfolio Standard: Policy Analysis and Proposal, http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2004/WISE2004-SamSchoofsFinalPaper.pdf, accessed 9-20-12, CMM)

D. Renewable Energy Policy …programs in place
B. Violation – the plan is procurement – that’s a nonfinancial incentive
C. Standards – 

    Limits – expanding the topic outside of financial incentives makes it limitless
    Czinkota et al, Georgetown University McDonough school of business professor, 2009
    Michael, Ilkka A. Ronkainen, Georgetown University McDonough school of business professor , and Michael H. Moffett, Thunderbird school of global management continental grain professorship, “Fundamentals of International Business” http://books.google.com/books?id=_X-l25srIYkCandq=69#v=snippetandq=69andf=false, google books, p.69, accessed 6-25-12, TAP

Incentives offered by policymakers to … investments in infrastructure facilities.

2. Ground – we can’t get core offense based off financial incentives or CPs that offer a different type of incentive
D. T is a voter for fairness and education – reasonability is arbitrary and leads to judge intervention

2NC Limits
_ Allowing the affirmative interpretation destroys any and all limits on the meaning of incentives…all action becomes topical.

Grant, Duke political science professor, 02 [Ruth, “THE ETHICS OF INCENTIVES: HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND CONTEMPORARY UNDERSTANDINGS,” Economics and Philosophy, 18 (2002) 111, proquest]

This history also allows us to define more clearly … of social control is illustrative of this point.

2NC DSIRE Interp

¬¬¬_ There are 2 categories of policies to promote energy development – (1) financial incentives and (2) rules, regulations, and policies.  Financial incentives are tax programs, grants, rebates, and loan assistance.  Rules are things like purchasing mandates.  

DSIRE Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency ’12 [http://www.dsireusa.org/glossary/] 

DSIRE organizes incentives and … Wind Permitting Standards
 
2NR – DSIRE = Best
DSIRE is most qualified and up to date – assumes federal policy
Gouchoe, NC State National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2K
(Susan, “Local Government and Community Programs and Incentives for Renewable Energy— National Report,” December 2000, http://seg.fsu.edu/Library/casestudy%20of%20incentives.pdf, accessed 9-24-12) PM

The Database of State Incentives for …¶ education and outreach.

AT: Financial Incentive
_ Plan is not a production incentive – the topic specifies they need to be a financial incentive for energy production – at best they are a consumption incentive or consumption mandate

World Bank 08 [World Development Report 2008, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTWDRS/0contentMDK:23092318pagePK:478093piPK:477627theSitePK:477624,00.html]

Are biofuels economically viable—… through high import tariffs on ethanol.
_ Production and consumption incentives distinct

Sherlock, SPECIALIST IN ENERGY TAX POLICY, CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, 12-14-11 [Molly,SEN. JEFF BINGAMAN HOLDS A HEARING ON ALTERNATIVE ENERGY TAX INCENTIVES, lexis]

WRYSCH: We don't really have a … neutral playing field for energy. 

_ Tech transfer is distinct

Piscitello, Renewable Energy Engineer with the Asia Alternative Energy Program, 97 [E. Scott Piscitello and V. Susan Bogach, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, Feb 17-21, http://seg.fsu.edu/Library/financial%20incentives.pdf]

International experience shows … and technology transfer programs.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
The plan extends positive rights, stripping people of their agency – it’s no different from fascism.
Machan, Auburn University Philosophy professor, 3
(Tibor R, Research Fellow at Hoover Institution Stanford University, Passion for Liberty, pg. 19-20)

Those who wanted to retain … abide some modicum of democracy.
That kills value to life.
Raz, Philosophy PhD, 91
(Joseph, THE MORALITY OF FREEDOM, 1991, p. 359)

One way to test the thesis of … be better than that life. 

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Uniqueness – Obama will win now – base enthusiasm is key
Blumenthal, Huffington Post, 9-19-12
(Mark, “Obama Up 8 Points Nationally In Latest Pew Poll,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/19/2012-polls-obama-lead_n_1897591.html?utm_hp_ref=elections-2012, accessed 9-19-12, CMM)

A dozen national polls conducted … keep an eye on the enthusiasm gap.
B. Plan’s causes a backlash – massively unpopular AND environmental benefits aren’t perceived
Moniz et al., Physics @ MIT, Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment, 3
(Professor Ernest J, Professor John Deutch, Professor Stephen Ansolabehere, Professor Emeritus Michael Driscoll, Professor Paul E Gray, Professor John P Holdren, Professor Paul L Joskow, Professor Richard K Lester, Professor Neil E. Todreas, and Eric S Beckjord, “The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003, pg. 6, http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/pdf/nuclearpower-full.pdf, accessed 9-17-12, CMM)

Expanded deployment of nuclear power … expansion of the nuclear option. 

C. Internal Link – Catering to the environmental base is key to Obama’s re-election
Hudson, investigative journalist and Congressional Correspondent, 9-11-12
Audrey, Human Events, “Has Obama made the planet greener?”, http://www.humanevents.com/2012/09/11/is-the-planet-greener-because-of-obama-al-gore-says-no/, accessed 9-16-12, AFB

Democrats wax lyrical when it comes … inaugural celebration, to an estimated $3.75 today.
D. Impact – Romney would crush US-Russia relations
The Economist, 9-1-12
(“Romney Could Screw Up US Relations With Russia,” http://www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, accessed 9-21-12, CMM)

Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate … targeted by malevolent, interfering Western powers.
US-Russian relations are key prevent war, nuclear terrorism, and prolif.
Allison, Director at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, and Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs,
10-30-11
(Graham Allison,; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters"http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html, accessed 2-23-12, CMM)

That central point is that Russia … transnational terrorist groups.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Solar power is growing now
Lovins, Chair and Chief Scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute, 12
(Amory, senior author of Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era, “A Farewell to Fossil Fuels: Answering the Energy Challenge,” Foreign Affairs. New York: Mar/Apr 2012. Vol. 91, Iss. 2; pg. 134, 13 pgs, accessed 5-24-12, CMM)

New coal and nuclear plants are …every year, outpacing even wind power.
B. Plan lowers prices – that crowds out solar and makes warming inevitable
Schwartz, Senior Vice President for Global Relations and Strategic Planning for Salesforce.com, 8-17-12
(Peter, futurist, author, and cofounder of the Global Business Network (GBN), an elite corporate strategy firm, specializing in future-think and scenario planning, “Abundant Natural Gas and Oil Are Putting the Kabosh on Clean Energy,” http://www.wired.com/business/2012/08/mf_naturalgas/all/, accessed 8-17-12, CMM)

But this is changing. We’ve … very bad news for climate change.
C. Solar development is key to partner with natural gas – solves price spikes.
Carus, AOL Energy, 7-16-12
(Felicity, “Suntech President Warns of Election Threat to Solar Incentives,” http://energy.aol.com/2012/07/16/suntech-president-warns-of-election-threat-to-solar-incentives, accessed 7-20-12, CMM)

Coal and Natural Gas Developments Offer Solar Opportunities
Lefebvre said that a large … of natural gas."
Lefebvre – President of Suntech America
Prices spikes cause widespread economic damage
Urbina, NYT, 6-25-11
(Ian, “Insiders Sound an Alarm Amid a Natural Gas Rush,” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/us/26gas.html?_r=3andpagewanted=print, accessed 8-8-12, CMM)

The data show that while there …electricity and home heating bills.
Economic collapse leads to global war.
Lind, New America Foundation Economic Growth Program Policy Director, 5/11/2010
Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv

If history is any guide, an era of global … in 1984 is all too easy to imagine.

2NC
Solar power is key to grid resiliency
Lovins, Chair and Chief Scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute, 12
(Amory, senior author of Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era, “A Farewell to Fossil Fuels: Answering the Energy Challenge,” Foreign Affairs. New York: Mar/Apr 2012. Vol. 91, Iss. 2; pg. 134, 13 pgs, accessed 5-24-12, CMM)

Skeptics of solar and wind power warn of …should win out even without subsidies.

Solar power is the best energy to solve warming
Romm, senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, 8
(Joe, Ph.D. in physics from MIT, 4-14-8, “The technology that will save humanity,” http://www.salon.com/2008/04/14/solar_electric_thermal/, accessed 8-31-12, CMM)

Clearly, the world needs a massive …has a long and fascinating history.
Solar power decreases water consumption
Leitner, Senior Consultant, RDI Consulting, 2
(Arnold, RDI Consulting, a strategic information and consulting firm serving the energy industry with research reports, studies, consulting and information services, July, “Fuel From the Sky: Solar Power’s Potential for Western Energy Supply,” http://www.nrel.gov/csp/pdfs/32160.pdf, page 99, accessed 8-31-12, CMM)

Because of the high operating …occasional turbine blade wash.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Uniqueness – nuclear power is decisively on the decline – Fukushima, costs, and delays
Roney, president of Earth Policy Institute, 5-22-12
(J. Matthew, 5/22/12, “Fukushima Meltdown Hastens Decline of Nuclear Power” Earth Policy Institute, http://www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2012/update103, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

On May 5, 2012, Japan shut down its …their electricity needs with wind alone.
B. Link – the affs expansion of nuclear power makes accidents more likely – reactors designs and fuel types are irrelevant.
Ramana, with the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University and is on the Coordinating Committee of the Coalition for Nuclear Disarmament and Peace, 11
(MV, Costs, risks, and myths of nuclear power, “No escape from accidents,” http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

In the aftermath of Fukushima and, … to make any reliable predictions.
C. Impact – Nuclear accidents risk extinction
Lendman, Research Associate of the Center for Research on Globalization (CRG), 11
(Stephen, 3-13-11, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming….causing permanent radiation contamination.

2NC
Meltdowns cause instant and long-term systemic deaths
Caldicott, president of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute, 94
(Helen, Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do, pg 63)

The nuclear power accident that … but they will surely occur.
Nuclear power is down now-

    Costs are too high
    Lovering et al, Breakthrough Institute Energy and Climate Program policy analyst, 9-7-12
    (Jessica, Ted Nordhaus, chairman, Michael Shellenbergerare president of the Breakthrough Institute, “Out of the Nuclear Closet,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet?page=full, accessed 9-8-12, CMM)

As long as nuclear technology is … faster than new plants can be deployed.
2. It can’t compete with natural gas or renewables
Clark, FT Environment Correspondent, 7-30-12
(Pilita, “Nuclear ‘hard to justify’, says GE chief,” http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/60189878-d982-11e1-8529-00144feab49a.html#axzz228mfA2UB, accessed 7-30-12, CMM)

Nuclear power is so expensive compared … turbine prices have steadily declined.

3. Skilled worker shortage
Pitt Tribune Review, 10
(“Nuclear industry in midst of skills crisis,” lexis, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Walking through the expansive complex, … at the same time staffing new projects."

Extend the link – expanded nuclear power makes accidents more likely –

    Trends prove
    Featherstone, PopSci, 7-17-12
    (Steve, “Chernobyl Now,” http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-06/chernobyl-now?single-page-view=true, accessed 9-2-12, CMM)

Twenty-five years separate Chernobyl … how to cope with its fallout.
2. The industry isn’t prepared
Douglass, InsideClimate News, 7-16-12
(Elizabeth, “How Fukushima Challenged a Core Tenet of U.S. Nuclear Safety: An Expert's View,” http://insideclimatenews.org/print/15773, accessed 9-2-12, CMM)

So nuclear opponents were stunned …because it was deemed impossible.

Prefer our risk assessments –

    Their risk prediction models fail – don’t trust their projections
    Ramana, with the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University and is on the Coordinating Committee of the Coalition for Nuclear Disarmament and Peace, 11
    (MV, Costs, risks, and myths of nuclear power, “No escape from accidents,” http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Theoretically, the probabilistic risk …of other systems for cooling the core.
2. Their authors are empirically wrong and only produce fatal overconfidence
Ramana, with the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University and is on the Coordinating Committee of the Coalition for Nuclear Disarmament and Peace, 11
(MV, Costs, risks, and myths of nuclear power, “No escape from accidents,” http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

If probabilistic risk assessments were … currently being built is striking.

A. Unique Link – the NRC acts effectively now – commercializing new tech causes a budget overstretch and risks regulatory capture.
Harding, 4Factor Consulting Energy Consultant, 8-6-12
(Margaret, has almost 30 years of experience in the nuclear industry, “NRC and Regulatory Capture: Conflict of Interest?.” http://theenergycollective.com/margaretharding/100156/nrc-and-regulatory-capture?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=emailandutm_campaign=The+Energy+Collective+%28all+posts%29, accessed 9-2-12, CMM)

However, it brings up another question. Many … of responsibility within the NRC.
B. Impact – regulatory capture makes accidents likely
Ramana, with the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University and is on the Coordinating Committee of the Coalition for Nuclear Disarmament and Peace, 11
(MV, Costs, risks, and myths of nuclear power, “No escape from accidents,” http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

In just about every country that has a …,¶ patterns of behavior.
SMRs risk safety problems
Makhijani, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, and Boyd, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, 10
(September, ARJUN MAKHIJANI, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research AND MICHELE BOYD, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, September, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power,” http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Increased safety and¶ … factor over 14 years before¶ being permanently shut.24

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
    Oil, coal, and natural gas use are all alt causes to warming –  they can phase them all out in time.
    2. US emissions are decreasing now from the recession and natural gas – that solves international modeling.
    Roberts, Grist, 7-17-12
    (David, “U.S. leads the world in cutting CO2 emissions — so why aren’t we talking about it?,” http://grist.org/climate-policy/u-s-leads-the-world-in-cutting-co2-emissions-so-why-arent-we-talking-about-it/, accessed 7-24-12, CMM)

Contrary to popular belief, the U.S. is …, it is likely to be near 30%.
4. Warming is inevitable – developing countries
Plumer, Washington Post, 12
(Brad, 5-25-12, “U.S. cut its carbon emissions in 2011 — but China erased the gains,”  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/the-us-cut-its-carbon-emissions-in-2011~-~-but-got-swamped-by-china/2012/05/25/gJQAiZEBqU_blog.html?wprss=rss_ezra-klein, accessed 7-24-12, CMM)

Yes, it’s true: Americans are slowly … have catastrophic implications for all of us.”
5. No Impact for decades, tech solves, and war outweighs
Kenny, senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, 4-9-12
(Charles, Schwartz fellow at the New America Foundation, “Not Too Hot to Handle,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/09/not_too_hot_to_handle?page=full, accessed 5-15-12, CMM)

But for all international diplomats … defenses that lower death tolls.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
SMRs can’t solve warming – they take too long
Makhijani, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, and Boyd, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, 10
(September, ARJUN MAKHIJANI, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research AND MICHELE BOYD, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, September, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power,” http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Not a climate solution
Efficiency and most renewable … as new¶ waste disposal problems.
Nuclear can’t be quickly ramped up
Lovering et al, Breakthrough Institute Energy and Climate Program policy analyst, 9-7-12
(Jessica, Ted Nordhaus, chairman, Michael Shellenbergerare president of the Breakthrough Institute, “Out of the Nuclear Closet,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet?page=full, accessed 9-8-12, CMM)

As long as nuclear technology is … to increase faster than new plants can be deployed.
2. Fossil fuel use in the nuclear reactor process negate any benefits
Lendman, Research Associate of the Center for Research on Globalization (CRG), 11
(Stephen, 3-13-11, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Nuclear Power not Cleaner and Greener
Just the opposite, in fact. … require large amounts of energy.

Multiple barriers to SMRs on military bases and risk theft overseas
Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and, Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 11
(Richard, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center
for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L., Feb, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Small reactors used on domestic military … in the event that reactors fall into enemy hands.

Huge barriers before SMR commercial development
Lovering et al, Breakthrough Institute Energy and Climate Program policy analyst, 12
(Jessica, Ted Nordhaus, chairman, Michael Shellenbergerare president of the Breakthrough Institute, “Out of the Nuclear Closet,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet?page=full, accessed 9-8-12, CMM)

To move the needle on nuclear energy to … around the world as well.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
US is hypocritical – undermines nonprolif leadership
Wellen, editor of the Foreign Policy in Focus blog, 12
(Russ, staff writer, 6/19/12, “West's Idea of Nuclear Disarmament Doesn't Include Itself,” http://truth-out.org/news/item/9758-wests-idea-of-nuclear-disarmament-doesnt-include-itself, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

The West insists on nuclear nonproliferation … for continued nuclear-weapons funding.

Prolif doesn’t cause war or increase the proliferators influence – empirically proven
Farley, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, 11-16-11
(Dr. Robert, “Over the Horizon: Iran and the Nuclear Paradox,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10679/over-the-horizon-iran-and-the-nuclear-paradox, accessed 11-21-11, CMM) 

How much danger would Iranian …, the effects of the arsenal have been minimal.
Prolif isn’t destabilizing – won’t be used, no cascades, no incentive, and their ev is hype
Farley, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, 11-16-11
(Dr. Robert, “Over the Horizon: Iran and the Nuclear Paradox,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10679/over-the-horizon-iran-and-the-nuclear-paradox, accessed 11-21-11, CMM) 

The problem with nukes is that … the cohesion of the anti-Iran block.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Text: The United States Federal Government should remove restrictions on the export of natural gas. The United States Federal Government should ban uranium mining in the US. The United States Federal Government should exempt the Argonne National Laboratory from the cap on H-1B visas.
Exports are key to solve warming
Mufson, Washington Post, 12
(Steven, 2-1-12, “Cheap natural gas jumbles energy markets, stirs fears it could inhibit renewables,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/cheap-natural-gas-jumbles-energy-markets-stirs-fears-it-could-inhibit-renewables/2012/01/08/gIQApLr5hQ_story.html, accessed 8-22-12, CMM)

For the past three years, promoters … resources will be around forever.”¶
Exports solve energy demand
NGI 8-20-12
(Natural Gas Intelligence, “Development of Unconventionals Could Transform World Politics,” 8-20-12, http://intelligencepress.com/subscribers/daily/news/d20120820c.html?printable=yesandhighlight=export, accessed 9-18-12) PM

The ability to convert shale and tight … noncritical.' I see it as a game changer..."
CP solves Argonne
Lutton, PhD, immigration author for 20 years, head of the Social Contract Quarterly, ‘1
(Wayne, “States, Federal Government Hire Foreign Workers,” http://www.manews.org/0403lutton.htm, accessed 9-23-12) PM

State and federal government agencies … Virginia Department of Corrections.

Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent:  | Judge:
The manufacturing sector is improving now – that’s key to the economy.
ESA, Economics and Statistics Administration of the US Department of Commerce, 12
(5-7-12, “The Benefits of Manufacturing Jobs,” http://www.esa.doc.gov/Reports/benefits-manufacturing-jobs, accessed 9-6-12, CMM)

Executive Summary
The role of the manufacturing sector … our nation’s standard of living.  

Technological innovation hurts long-run competitiveness – other countries steal the tech and mass produce it cheaper than the US could – kills US manufacturing.
Buchan, senior research fellow at The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 7-27-12
(David, “Germany's risky green wager,” http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/5066, accessed 7-29-12, CMM)

China’s solar panel makers …advantage can turn into disadvantage.
Economic collapse leads to global war.
Lind, New America Foundation Economic Growth Program Policy Director, 5/11/2010
Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv

If history is any guide, an era of global … in 1984 is all too easy to imagine.

1NR
Manufacturing growth is up
BBC News, 9-20-12
(“US manufacturing growth 'modest', PMI survey shows,” http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19660959, accessed 9-20-12, CMM)

Growth in the US manufacturing … fall since October 2011.
Fiscal cliff is dumb
Fieldhouse, Federal Budget Policy Analyst, Economic Policy Institute and The Century Foundation, 9-19-12
(Andrew, “Avoiding a Double-Dip Recession Doesn't Require Extending the Bush Tax Cuts,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-fieldhouse/avoiding-a-doubledip-rece_b_1893137.html, accessed 9-20-12, CMM)

Politicians, pundits, and the … temporary fiscal support.

economic decline causes war –
Their evidence doesn’t assume current geopolitics – prolonged economic decline causes multiple flashpoints for conflict
Auslin, resident scholar at AEI, and Lachman, resident fellow at AEI, 9
(Michael, and Desmond, 3-6-2009, “The Global Economy Unravels,”
http://www.aei.org/article/100187%29, accessed 9-29-11, CMM)

What do these trends mean in the … that coalesce into a big bang.

Empirics go neg
Mead, CFR senior fellow, 9  
Walter Russell, “Only Makes You Stronger: Why the recession bolstered America” http://freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2169866/posts, accessed 3-26-11, TP

History may suggest that financial … on track, we may still have to fight. 

Economic decline makes conflict more likely
Bennett and Nordstrom, Pen State Political Science Professors, Ph.D., 2K
Scott, Tim, "Foreign Policy Substitutability and Internal Economic Problems in Enduring Rivalries," The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 44, No. 1

In this article, we applied arguments …to manifest con-flict behavior within states. 

Studies prove economic factors central to violent conflicts
Starr, American University Economics professor, 6
(Martha, Review of Social Economy, VOL. LXIV, NO. 2, JUNE 2006, “Growth and Conflict in the Developing World: Neo-liberal Narratives and Social-Economy Alternatives”, p. 205-6, Business Source Complete, accessed 9-16-9)

Violent conflicts, such as civil wars … vital for keeping the peace.

Economic problems will force a transition to multipolarity guaranteeing great power wars
Khalilzad, former U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the UN, 2-8-11
(Zalmay, United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, National Review Online, “The Economy and National Security,” http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad, accessed 2-8-11, CMM)

Today, economic and fiscal trends pose … way through the kind of crisis that we face today.

Manufacturing is key to military tech innovation – turns heg
Ettlinger, Vice President for Economic Policy, and Gordon, Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress, 4-7-11
(Michael, Kate, “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing,”
http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf, accessed 9-6-12, CMM)

Beyond innovation and competitiveness, … designed for military application.10
Manufacturing is key to heg – reliance on imports undermines
Ettlinger, Vice President for Economic Policy, and Gordon, Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress, 4-7-11
(Michael, Kate, “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing,”
http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf, accessed 9-6-12, CMM)

Finally, supplying our own needs through … to trade embargoes to natural disasters.

Turns space – manufacturing sector would be key to get into space
We couldn’t innovate tech to solve the aff
Manufacturing is the lynchpin of the economy
Ettlinger, Vice President for Economic Policy, and Gordon, Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress, 4-7-11
(Michael, Kate, “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing,”
http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf, accessed 9-6-12, CMM)

Manufacturing is critically …—¶ gives it great potential resiliency.

2ac 4 – plan locks in expertise – I’ll do the link debate here
A. Innovating policy here leads to spillover abroad – that’s Buchan – Germany proves that innovation and investment in new tech leads to other countries being able to produce it more cheaply
B. First mover disadvantage – they don’t have to commercialize for other countries to figure out the tech once we innovate it – countries like China would figure out the tech and crowd the US out of the market, means we wouldn’t innovate
SMRs get copied and mass produced by China
Makhijani, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, and Boyd, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, 10
(September, ARJUN MAKHIJANI, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research AND MICHELE BOYD, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, September, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power,” http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Increased safety and¶ proliferation problems
Mass manufacturing raises …14 years before¶ being permanently shut.24

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Text: The 50 state governments, the District of Colombia, and all relevant territories of the United States should provide alternative financing for generating electricity by small modular reactors for military bases by raising the personal income tax by 1 percent on people with incomes over $500,000.
States incentives solve nuclear development
Dow Jones Newswires, 7
(5-21-07, “States Maneuver to Lure New Nuclear Power Plants” http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=19778941, accessed 8-29-12, CMM)

NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- In a positive shift for … regulators  are considering a similar move.
Increasing taxes on the wealthy generates a lot of revenue and doesn’t tank the economy
McNichol, Senior Fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 9
(Elizabeth, Andrew Nicholas and Jon Shure, 11-11-09, “Raising State Income Taxes on High-Income Taxpayers,” http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=2792, accessed 8-29-12, CMM)

As states face increasingly difficult choices … among a small fraction of a state’s households.

*Round 6 v Michigan DH 2NC Cards*

50 States fiat is legit –

    Its predictable – the states taking action to fill in for the lack federal action is huge in the literature now because of gridlock – our solvency advocates prove.
    2. Its not utopian –– it’s the squo
    Carlarne, Assistant Professor, University of South Carolina School of Law, 8
    (Cinnamon, July, “Notes from a Climate Change Pressure-Cooker: Sub-Federal Attempts at Transformation Meet National Resistance in the USA,” 40 Conn. L. Rev. 1351, lexis, accessed 8-26-12, CMM)

On its own, California can exert … political momentum to overcome federal inertia.

Utopian fiat doesn’t apply to energy policy
Carlarne, Assistant Professor, University of South Carolina School of Law, 8
(Cinnamon, July, “Notes from a Climate Change Pressure-Cooker: Sub-Federal Attempts at Transformation Meet National Resistance in the USA,” 40 Conn. L. Rev. 1351, lexis, accessed 8-26-12, CMM)

States consistently have been the "… the absence of a federal mandate.

3. Key to neg ground – states are a key check on small, unpredictable affs, especially on a domestic topic and they are a key limit on restrictions aff since they can be anything.
4. Key to in-depth policy education and innovations. 

Uncertainty inevitable – companies can cope
Anderson, AOL Energy, 9-12-12
(Jared, “The Flawed US Energy Policy Discussion,”  http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/12/the-flawed-us-energy-policy-discussion, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Are the energy industry and the … or four year segments.

States are perceived internationally – acceptance by the fed creates perception of endorsement
Robinson, J.D. from Yale, 7
(Nick, Fox Fellow at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Nick, “Citizens Not Subjects: U.S. Foreign Relations Law and the Decentralization of Foreign Policy,” 40 Akron L. Rev. 647, lexis, accessed 8-29-12, CMM)

State and local governments are … the policy of the federal government. n155 

State action spills up when necessary – federal adoption is inevitable if the states don’t solve.
Larsen et al, expert on Federal climate and energy policy World Resources Institute, 7
(John, Andrew Aulisi, Jonathan Pershing, Paul Posner, “Climate Policy in the State Laboratory: How States Influence Federal Regulation and the Implications for U.S. Policy,” World Resources Institute, September, http://pdf.wri.org/climate_policy_in_the_state_laboratory.pdf, accessed 8-25-12, CMM)

The second most important factor … need for federal action.

Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent:  | Judge:
2. There are checks on infrastructure shutdown
Hersh, Pulitzer prize winning investigative journalist, 11-1-10
Seymour, “The Online Threat,” http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/11/01/101101fa_fact_hersh?currentPage=1#ixzz13ce5kOXU, Accessed 10-27-10, WHS

The most common cyber-war scare …, can also protect networks.

3. The grid breaks down all the time- means that critical power users have back-ups and we already know how to deal with blackouts
Ghosh, Time, 09
(Bobby Ghosh, 4-15-09, Time, “How Vulnerable is the Power Grid?,” http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1891562,00.html, access date: 9-16-12, LLL)

•The most critical power users — …goes down, we start it up again."¶
4. Unipolarity is not peaceful – empirical evidence goes neg.
Monteiro, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University, 11
(Nuno P., Winter 11/12, “"Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful",” International Security, volume 36, issue 3, pages 9-40, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21648/unrest_assured.html, accessed 1-23-12, CMM)

How well, then, does the argument … that unipolarity is peaceful.48

EMP attack fails – even if it succeeded impact would be localized
Weinberger, Foreign Policy, Defense Technology International Editor, 2/17/2010
[Sharon, "The Boogeyman Bomb," http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/02/17/the_boogeyman_bomb?page=full, 2/17]

Philip Coyle, a former top Pentagon … the margins of science fiction. 

Cyber threats are hype
Zenko, Fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Cohen, Fellow at the Century Foundation, 12
(Micah, and Michael, “Clear and Present Safety: The United States Is More Secure Than Washington Thinks,”
Foreign Affairs. New York: Mar/Apr 2012. Vol. 91, Iss. 2; pg. 79, 15 pgs, accessed 3-2-12, CMM)

A more recent bogeyman in national … prevention and mitigation efforts.

Tournament: KY RR | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Text: The United States Supreme Court should rule that Department of Energy nuclear design certification requirements and the moratorium on licenses for small modular reactors are unconstitutional. 

Court action on energy policy solves
Carlarne, Assistant Professor, University of South Carolina School of Law, 8
(Cinnamon, July, “Notes from a Climate Change Pressure-Cooker: Sub-Federal Attempts at Transformation Meet National Resistance in the USA,” 40 Conn. L. Rev. 1351, lexis, accessed 8-26-12, CMM)

In the United States, state and local … to respond to climate change. n138

The Court can rule on inter-state energy issues – fed preemption and commerce clause prove.
Farrell, directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance, 10
(John, 1-26-10, “Supreme Court Removes Clean Energy Policy Detour,” http://www.ilsr.org/supreme-court-removes-clean-energy-policy-detour/, accessed 8-8-12, CMM)

In a largely unheralded move last … policy to a more direct and politically popular route.

Tournament: Ky RR | Round: 1, 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Uniqueness – Obama will win now – base enthusiasm is key
Bouie, staff writer at The American Prospect, 9-26-12
(Jamelle, “Among Obama supporters, enthusiasm hasn’t dimmed,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/post/among-obama-supporters-enthusiasm-hasnt-dimmed/2012/09/26/cb65e624-07e7-11e2-9eea-333857f6a7bd_blog.html, accessed 9-27-12, CMM)

A common theme we keep hearing … and ready to reelect the president.

B. Plan’s causes a backlash – massively unpopular AND environmental benefits aren’t perceived
Moniz et al., Physics @ MIT, Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment, 3
(Professor Ernest J, Professor John Deutch, Professor Stephen Ansolabehere, Professor Emeritus Michael Driscoll, Professor Paul E Gray, Professor John P Holdren, Professor Paul L Joskow, Professor Richard K Lester, Professor Neil E. Todreas, and Eric S Beckjord, “The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003, pg. 6, http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/pdf/nuclearpower-full.pdf, accessed 9-17-12, CMM)

Expanded deployment of nuclear power …U.S. general public to prefer expansion of the nuclear option. 

C. Catering to the environmental base is key to Obama’s re-election
Hudson, investigative journalist and Congressional Correspondent, 9-11-12
Audrey, Human Events, “Has Obama made the planet greener?”, http://www.humanevents.com/2012/09/11/is-the-planet-greener-because-of-obama-al-gore-says-no/, accessed 9-16-12, AFB

Democrats wax lyrical when it comes…, to an estimated $3.75 today.
D. Impact – Romney would crush US-Russia relations
The Economist, 9-1-12
(“Romney Could Screw Up US Relations With Russia,” http://www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, accessed 9-21-12, CMM)

Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate i…, interfering Western powers.
US-Russian relations are key prevent war, nuclear terrorism, and prolif.
Allison, Director at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, and Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs,
10-30-11
(Graham Allison,; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters"http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html, accessed 2-23-12, CMM)

That central point is that Russia matters a … Al Qaeda and combat other transnational terrorist groups.
1NR-
Russia war causes extinction
Bostrom, Oxford philosophy faculty, 2
Nick, “Existential Risks Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards,” Published in the Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html

A much greater existential … potential permanently.
Turns prolif – Allison 

Terrorism leads to global nuclear war
Speice, JD Candidate, February 2006
Patrick, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, Lexis

The potential consequences of the … use of nuclear weapons.
2ac 1 – Obama key to relations – only Romney pushes us past the tipping point
HERSZENHORN, NYT, 9-6-12
(David, “Putin Says Missile Deal Is More Likely With Obama,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/07/world/europe/putin-calls-missile-deal-more-likely-if-obama-wins.html?_r=2src=recgandandpagewanted=print, accessed 9-21-12, CMM)

President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia … to do to ensure our security?”

Obama will win now – enthusiasm is key –
Base enthusiasm outweighs any of their warrants – Romney can’t win if Obama keeps the base mobilized.
Silver, 538, 9-6-12
Nate, “Obama Would Be Big Favorite With ‘Fired Up’ Base” http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/06/obama-would-be-big-favorite-with-fired-up-base/, accessed 9-16-12, TAP

There’s one advantage that President … whether he can narrow the enthusiasm gap.
Base enthusiasm high and key
Blumenthal, Huffington Post, 9-19-12
(Mark, “Obama Up 8 Points Nationally In Latest Pew Poll,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/19/2012-polls-obama-lead_n_1897591.html?utm_hp_ref=elections-2012, accessed 9-19-12, CMM)

A dozen national polls conducted over … keep an eye on the enthusiasm gap.
AT: Uniqueness Overwhelms
A close race could lead to a tie – Romney wins – default neg to avoid a closer race
Silver, NYT, 10-1-12
(Nate, “New Polls Raise Chance of Electoral College Tie,” http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/new-polls-raise-chance-of-electoral-college-tie/, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

As of Monday’s FiveThirtyEight …percent of the time in such cases.)
Obamas winning now but its close
Silver, NYT, 10-1-12
(Nate, “Oct. 1: Is the Presidential Race Tightening Heading Into the Debates?,” http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/oct-1-is-the-presidential-race-tightening-heading-into-the-debates/, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

There are two basic types of information … like New Hampshire.
More warrants – 

1. It can change
   Salvanto and Rivers, CBS, 9-19-12
   (Anthony, Doug, “In electoral vote simulation, signs point to Obama,”  http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57515796/in-electoral-vote-simulation-signs-point-to-obama/, accessed 9-19-12, CMM)

The new CBS News/YouGov … - the Electoral College vote.
2. Romney can still win
Rothschild, economist, 9-17-12
(David, Ph.D. in applied economics from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, works for MSR-NYC studying social media data, polling, and markets, “Obama Reaches His Highest Likelihood of Reelection,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-rothschild/obama-romney-prediction_b_1887027.html?utm_hp_ref=elections-2012, accessed 9-19-12, CMM)

Obama Reaches His Highest … than Obama will be reelected.
AT: Eurozone
Manufacturing growth shield and Euro optimism is up
AP, 10-1-12
(“US stock futures rise on cautious Euro optimism,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121001/us-wall-street-premarket/, accessed 10-1-12, CMM)

U.S. stock market futures … of the eurozone's manufacturing sector.

Eurozone is stabilizing now
Kilgore, MarketWatch, 10-1-12
(Tomi, “U.S. Stock Futures Rally on Back of Encouraging Euro-Zone Data,” http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20121001-705922.html, accessed 10-1-12, CMM)

U.S. stock futures rallied to … was slightly less than expected. Spain's IBEX-35 index rose 0.6%.
Romney is shifting his campaign strategy to energy – proves he’d play up the unpopularity of the plan.
SHEAR and PARKER, NYT, 10-1-12
(Michael and Ashley, “Romney Broadens Focus as Economic Argument Sputters,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/us/politics/as-economic-argument-sputters-romney-broadens-focus.html?_r=0, accessed 10-1-12, CMM)

From the very start, Mitt Romney’s … best change Washington.
2ac 9 – too late to change the election – this assumes status quo levels of base enthusiasm – plan alienates the base
2ac 10 – nuc power can’t swing the election – this card goes neg
Wood, AOL Energy, 9-13-12
(Elisa, “What Obama and Romney Don't Say About Energy,” http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/13/what-obama-and-romney-dont-say-about-energy, accessed 9-14-12, CMM)

Fossil fuels and renewable … unimaginable what hit that plant."
Nuclear costs alienate everyone, including the base – overwhelms the perception arguments
UCS, Union of Concerned Scientists, 7
(“Congress Should Cut Nuclear Energy Loan Guarantee Provisions From Energy Bill, Advocacy Groups Say”, http://www.ucsusa.org/news/press_release/congress-should-cut-nuclear-0074.html, accessed 9-17-12, CMM)

More than a dozen environmental…very high—well above 50 percent."
AT: Nuclear Funding Now
DOE funding is indefinite and being delayed by election concerns
Nelson and Northey, EandE reporters, 9-24-12
(Gabriel, and Hannah, “DOE funding for small reactors languishes as parties clash on debt,” http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/09/24/3, accessed 9-30-12, CMM)

It's not just wind and solar projects that are … last week (Greenwire, Sept. 14).
No new or actual increases- just extensions of previous allocations to nuclear
Baker, Energy Boom writer, 12
(Joseph, "Obama's Proposed 2013 Budget Allots $27 Billion for the Department of Energy," 2-14-12, www.energyboom.com/policy/united-states-obamas-proposed-2013-budget-decreases-doe-funding, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

President Barack Obama has requested $27.2 …, the Administration is succeeding.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
SMRs fail at commercialization
WILLIAM D. MAGWOOD, IV, NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, JULY 14, 2011
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm
S. Hrg. 112-216, AN EXAMINATION OF THE SAFETY AND ECONOMICS OF LIGHT WATER SMALL MODULAR ¶ REACTORS
HEARING¶ before a¶ SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE¶ COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE¶ ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS¶ FIRST SESSION SPECIAL HEARING --WASHINGTON DC
Acces 9.30.12,  JDK

That is not to say that SMRs are a new idea… reasonable period.

Lack of complete designs means the time frame for construction is Multiple decades
WILLIAM D. MAGWOOD, IV, NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, JULY 14, 2011
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm
S. Hrg. 112-216, AN EXAMINATION OF THE SAFETY AND ECONOMICS OF LIGHT WATER SMALL MODULAR ¶ REACTORS
HEARING¶ before a¶ SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE¶ COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE¶ ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS¶ FIRST SESSION SPECIAL HEARING --WASHINGTON DC
Acces 9.30.12,  JDK

There's still a great deal of work to be …¶ advanced by NP2010.

Advantages are only possibilities not probabilities
WILLIAM D. MAGWOOD, IV, NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, JULY 14, 2011
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm
S. Hrg. 112-216, AN EXAMINATION OF THE SAFETY AND ECONOMICS OF LIGHT WATER SMALL MODULAR ¶ REACTORS
HEARING¶ before a¶ SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE¶ COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE¶ ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS¶ FIRST SESSION SPECIAL HEARING --WASHINGTON DC
Acces 9.30.12,  JDK

For utilities, SMRs present the ¶ … much work still to ¶ do.

Can’t evaluate cost effectiveness of SMRs yet because design plans not complete – means huge time frame for construction
WILLIAM D. MAGWOOD, IV, NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, JULY 14, 2011
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm
S. Hrg. 112-216, AN EXAMINATION OF THE SAFETY AND ECONOMICS OF LIGHT WATER SMALL MODULAR ¶ REACTORS
HEARING¶ before a¶ SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE¶ COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE¶ ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS¶ FIRST SESSION SPECIAL HEARING --WASHINGTON DC
Acces 9.30.12,  JDK

Very importantly, these new SMRs … ¶ and licensing of SMRs.

Even if a few plants get built, commercialization requires tons of construction—that’s a massive barrier to sufficiency
Feinstein, (D-Cali), Chairwoman – Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, 6/14/’11
(Dianne, “AN EXAMINATION OF THE SAFETY AND ECONOMICS OF LIGHT WATER SMALL MODULAR REACTORS,” http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

The central premise I've … on this particular issue.
At worst takes forever—can’t solve their impacts
Smith, WSJ, 2/18/10
(Rebecca, “Small Reactors Generate Big Hopes,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703444804575071402124482176.html, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

Nuclear development … come on line after 2018.

Costs are key – they outweigh other internal links
Lewis, University of Richmond, T.C. Williams School of Law, J.D. candidate, 6
 (Neal, “ARTICLE: INTERPRETING THE ORACLE: LICENSING MODIFICATIONS, ECONOMICS, SAFETY, POLITICS, AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN THE UNITED STATES,” 16 Alb. L.J. Sci. & Tech. 27, lexis, accessed 9-29-12, CMM)

When finalizing the modifications … nuclear power an attractive source for base-load power production.

Multiple barriers prevent nuclear investment
Fahring, JD – U Texas School of Law, ‘11
(T.L., law clerk at the Texas Eleventh Court of Appeals, “NOTE: Nuclear Uncertainty: A Look at the Uncertainties of a U.S. Nuclear Renaissance,” 41 Tex. Envtl. L.J. 279, lexis, accessed 9-29-12, CMM)

V. Potential Problems with the Combined … through with new construction.

Natural gas undermines SMR competition
McMahon, Forbes, 12
(Jeff, 5-23-12, “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors By 2022  But No Market For Them,”  http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2012/05/23/small-modular-reactors-by-2022-but-no-market-for-them/, accessed 9-26-12, CMM)

The Department of Energy will … according to the summary.

Tournament: KY RR | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Laser enrichment tech kills nonprolif cred
   Grossman, Global Security Newswire, 9-25-12
   (Elaine, “U.S. Nuclear Agency OKs License for Laser Enrichment, Despite Worries,” http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/us-nuclear-agency-oks-license-laser-enrichment-despite-worries/, accessed 9-29-12, CMM)

Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff … abroad -- both for commercial and clandestine use.
2. Hypocrisy means no one listens to the US
Wellen, editor of the Foreign Policy in Focus blog, 12
(Russ, staff writer, 6/19/12, “West's Idea of Nuclear Disarmament Doesn't Include Itself,” http://truth-out.org/news/item/9758-wests-idea-of-nuclear-disarmament-doesnt-include-itself, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

The West insists on nuclear nonproliferation … for continued nuclear-weapons funding.
3. US nuclear tech leadership up
Domenici, Senator, and Miller, Former DOE Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, 12
(Pete (Senator), Senior Fellow and Co-Chair, Debt Reduction Task Force, and Warren (Co-Chair, Nuclear Initiative; Former DOE Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy), “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets”, July 2012, Bipartisan Policy Center, RSR, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Nuclear power already plays an important … aspects of international¶ fuel-cycle issues.

4. The US won’t exert nonprolif pressure
Cleary, AEI Research Assistant, 12
(Cleary, American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, accessed 9-29-12, CMM)

The cases above offer a common lesson: … to forgo nuclear fuel-making.
5. Even if we do, it fails
Cleary, AEI Research Assistant, 12
(Cleary, American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, accessed 9-29-12, CMM)

The examples above show the limitations of …. to have had little tangible influence.
6. Global prolif is slow now
HYMANS, Associate Professor of International Relations at the University of Southern California, 12
(Jacques, “Botching the Bomb.,” Foreign Affairs; May/Jun2012, Vol. 91 Issue 3, p44-53, 10p, ebsco, accessed 9-30-12, CMM)

THE CHRONIC problem of nuclear … alone account for this phenomenon.
7. SMRs cause prolif
A. Distributed SMRs undermine the IAEA
Lyman, Senior Scientist, Global Security Program Union of Concerned Scientists, 11
 (Edwin, Before the Energy and Water Development Subcommittee Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, 7-14-11, “An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors”, http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/lyman-appropriations-subcom-7-14-11.pdf, accessed 9-26-12, CMM)

The distributed deployment of small reactors … be difficult, if feasible at all.
B. They use highly enrich uranium
Makhijani, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, and Boyd, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, 10
(September, ARJUN MAKHIJANI, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research AND MICHELE BOYD, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, September, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power,” http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

In addition, the use of plutonium fuel¶ …, for example, in the event of an¶ accident.
8. Prolif doesn’t cause war – empirics prove
Farley, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, 11-16-11
(Dr. Robert, “Over the Horizon: Iran and the Nuclear Paradox,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10679/over-the-horizon-iran-and-the-nuclear-paradox, accessed 11-21-11, CMM) 

How much danger would Iranian … the arsenal have been minimal.

2NC Laser Enrichment
It kills cred.
EFN, Eco Friend News, 9-11-12
(“Laser Enrichment Technology/Dangers - 19 Experts Urge NRC to Conduct Proliferation Assessment of Risky Technology,” http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/20120911/laser-enrichment-technology-dangers-experts-urge-nrc-conduct-proliferation-assessment-risky-technolo.htm, accessed 9-29-12, CMM)

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory … its existing regulatory authority.”
It outweighs internal links
Kemp, assistant professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT and an affiliate of Princeton's Program on Science and Global Security and of Harvard's Project on Managing the Atom, 7-30-12
(Scott, previously science adviser in the Office of the Special Advisor for Nonproliferation and Arms Control at the State Department, “SILEX and proliferation,” http://thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/silex-and-proliferation, accessed 9-29-12, CMM)

In July, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission … America's proliferation Fukushima.

2NC Prolif Slow/No Impact
Prefer our evidence – their authors are biased
Kidd, Director of Strategy and Research at the World Nuclear Association, 10
(Steve, 7-23-10, “Nuclear proliferation risk – is it vastly overrated?,” http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2056931, accessed 9-29-12, CMM)

A significant amount of media attention has … additional costs on the industry.

Tournament: KY RR | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No water wars – countries cooperate instead
Barnaby, editor of People and Science, ‘9
(Wendy, People and Science is the magazine published by the British Scientists, “Do Nations go to war over water,” Nature, 459:163, March 2009, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/458282a.html, accessed 10-19-11) PM

The United Nations warned as … of war over water2.

No water wars – their authors don’t assume virtual water
Barnaby, editor of People and Science, ‘9
(Wendy, People and Science is the magazine published by the British Scientists, “Do Nations go to war over water,” Nature, 459:163, March 2009, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/458282a.html, accessed 10-19-11) PM

Allan's earlier thinking about water wars … to the benefits of trade.

No war, despite everything- economic realities, political actors, and lessons learned
Chu and King, Times Staff writers, 12-6-2008
Henry and Laura, Chu reported from New Delhi and King from Islamabad, LA Times, "India, Pakistan keep lid on tensions," l/n
Hostility between India and Pakistan … they'll be mistaken." 

US pressure solves war
Chu and King, Times Staff writers, 12-6-2008
Henry and Laura, Chu reported from New Delhi and King from Islamabad, LA Times, "India, Pakistan keep lid on tensions," l/n
Another source of pressure on … problems for the U.S." 
 

Scarcity does not lead to conflict – not causational and empirically causes cooperation
Buckland, International Peace Bureau, June 2007
Ben, "A Climate of War?," http://ipb.org/i/pdf-files/A_Climate_of_War_Stopping_the_Securitisation_of_Climate_Change.pdf

Since the 1970s there have been calls for a … is the real threat of climate change. 

Tournament: KY RR | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Cheap natural gas undermines nuclear power development – there’s no incentive
Maresca, CPA Journal former board director, 12
Joseph, Ross College accounting PHD, 5-26-12, “Book Review: Super Fuel: Thorium-Green Energy Source For The Future by Richard Martin” http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/blogcritics/article/Book-Review-Super-Fuel-Thorium-Green-Energy-3588345.php, accessed 8-5-12, TAP

Super Fuel: Thorium-Green Energy …plants in the near term.

No interest in thorium now – high risk and cheap natural gas discourage
Yurman, energy consultant and blogger, 8-24-12
(Dan, publishes a blog on nuclear energy titled 'Idaho Samizdat', frequent contributor to the ANS Nuclear Cafe and to Fuel Cycle Week, “LWR SMRs have fuel advantages,” http://theenergycollective.com/dan-yurman/106276/lwr-smrs-have-fuel-advantages?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=emailandutm_campaign=The+Energy+Collective+%28all+posts%29, accessed 9-3-12, CMM)

Post Script – What about …takers in next few years.

NRC refuses to approve nuclear licensing.
Tucker, American Spectator energy reporter, 2011
William, Mar 2011, “America’s Last Nuclear Hope” http://0101.nccdn.net/1_5/28c/010/2c9/America-s-Last-Nuclear-Hope-Tucker-TAS.pdf, p.4, accessed 9-24-12, TAP

So why isn’t there more coordination … makes it
through the process.
Thorium development takes decades.
Makhijani, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research president, 5-4-12
Arjun, interview with NPR host Ira Flatow, “Is Thorium A Magic Bullet For Our Energy Problems?” http://www.npr.org/2012/05/04/152026805/is-thorium-a-magic-bullet-for-our-energy-problems, accessed 8-15-12, TAP

MAKHIJANI: I have a favorite molten ... on light water reactors.
Huge barriers before thorium commercial development
Lovering et al, Breakthrough Institute Energy and Climate Program policy analyst, 12
(Jessica, Ted Nordhaus, chairman, Michael Shellenbergerare president of the Breakthrough Institute, “Out of the Nuclear Closet,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet?page=full, accessed 9-8-12, CMM)

To move the needle on nuclear energy to the … around the world as well.

2NC Thorium answers

No solvency - laundry list - no one will adopt it
Rees, The Guardian, 11
(Eifion, “Don't believe the spin on thorium being a greener nuclear option”, June 23, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jun/23/thorium-nuclear-uranium, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

There is a significant sticking point …. Thorium reactors are no more than a distraction.'
No investors - laundry list
Tickell, author of Kyoto2, 12
(Olive, As a student of physics at St John's College, Oxford, Tickell holds a masters degree from Oxford University, He is a founding partner of Oxford Climate Associates and a member of the Oxford Geoengineering Institute, April/May 2012, "Thorium: Not ‘green’, not ‘viable’, and not likely", http://www.jonathonporritt.com/sites/default/files/users/Thorium%20briefing%20FINAL%203.7.12.pdf, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

4.3 Thorium and LFTRs – … applicable time frame.

Benefits are overstated
Halper, The Guardian, 9-13-12
(Mike, “Benefits of thorium as alternative nuclear fuel are 'overstated',” http://m.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/sep/13/thorium-alternative-nuclear-fuel-overstated?cat=environmentandtype=article, accessed 9-17-12, CMM)

The benefits of an alternative nuclear …, they are often overstated."

Thorium tech isn't developed enough to be commercial - every attempt to increase the scale has failed---that's Rees. Prefer empirics to predictive evidence—tech predictions are unreliable
Litton, Associate Professor of Law at University of Missouri, 7
(Paul, Associate Professor of Law at University of Missouri, PhD (2003), University of Pennsylvania JD (1999), University of Pennsylvania Law School ‘ "Nanoethics"? What's New?’, The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 2007), pp. 22-25, ebsco, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

However, we should not spend resources …a more probable horizon.
Framing issue—their evidence is from an insular group of thorium nuts who think the tech is viable because of small-scale tests—none of that proves commercialization is possible
Tickell, author of Kyoto2, 12
(Olive, As a student of physics at St John's College, Oxford, Tickell holds a masters degree from Oxford University, He is a founding partner of Oxford Climate Associates and a member of the Oxford Geoengineering Institute, April/May 2012, "Thorium: Not ‘green’, not ‘viable’, and not likely", http://www.jonathonporritt.com/sites/default/files/users/Thorium%20briefing%20FINAL%203.7.12.pdf, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

3.5 State of technology …full understanding of the thorium fuel cycle.

AND, Customer pressure deters utilities
Niiler, Washington Post, 12
(Eric, “Nuclear power entrepreneurs push thorium as a fuel”, February 20, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/nuclear-power-entrepreneurs-push-thorium-as-a-fuel/2011/12/15/gIQALTinPR_story.html, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

But most U.S. nuclear energy … of the science-project phase.”
Their ev is from fanatics – the costs outweigh any benefits
Niiler, Washington Post, 12
(Eric, “Nuclear power entrepreneurs push thorium as a fuel”, February 20, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/nuclear-power-entrepreneurs-push-thorium-as-a-fuel/2011/12/15/gIQALTinPR_story.html, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

“There are small boatloads of fanatics on … that we have already and I don’t see that.”

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Growth is stronger than it appears – its trending up
Rugaber, AP, 9-27-12
(Christopher, “US economic data looks better on closer inspection,” http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-09-27/data-suggest-us-economy-growing-only-modestly, accessed 9-1-12, CMM)

At first glance, a batch of U.S. … of 3 percent in the October-December quarter.

Job growth is up
Rugaber, AP, 9-27-12
(Christopher, “US economic data looks better on closer inspection,” http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-09-27/data-suggest-us-economy-growing-only-modestly, accessed 9-1-12, CMM)

One government report Thursday … 100,000 jobs, about the same as in August.

Manufacturing growth up now
Schnurr, Reuters, 10-1-12
(Leah, “U.S. manufacturing grows in September for first time since May,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/01/us-usa-economy-manufacturing-idUSBRE8900R120121001, accessed 10-1-12, CMM)

U.S. manufacturing unexpectedly … slightly last month.

Tournament: KYRR | Round: 9 | Opponent: gtown | Judge:
US nuclear leadership undermines Jordan’s model and kills their economy – turns the case
Keilani, writer for The Jordan Times, 9-23-12
 (Musa, “Jordan’s nuclear program could be a model of transparency,” http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/09/23/239621.html, accessed 9-26-12, CMM)

The denial by Israel’s atomic …. and counterproductive.
Jordan is key to regional stability and prevents terrorism
Terrill, SSI's Middle East specialist, 8
(W. Andrew, Strategic Studies Institute, “JORDANIAN NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE FUTURE OF MIDDLE EAST STABILITY,” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub838.pdf, page v, accessed 3-7-12, CMM)

The United States and Jordan … throughout the region.
Terrorism leads to global nuclear war
Speice, JD Candidate, February 2006
Patrick, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, Lexis

The potential consequences of … escalate to the use of nuclear weapons.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Multiple barriers to SMRs on military bases and risk theft overseas
Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and, Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 11
(Richard, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center
for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L., Feb, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Small reactors used on domestic … fall into enemy hands.

Environmentalists block everything
Harder, National Journal, 4-27-12
(Amy, “When Energy Isn’t Popular—Anywhere,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy-report/when-energy-isn-t-popular-anywhere-20120427, accessed 10-5-12, CMM)

What do the words "banana," "cave… are not used to energy production.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No US exports—bureaucracy and foreign government competition
NEI, Nuclear Energy Institute, 12
(Winter, “U.S. Nuclear Export Rules Hurt Global Competitiveness,” http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/publicationsandmedia/insight/insightwinter2012/us-nuclear-export-rules-hurt-global-competitiveness/, accessed 10-2-12, CMM)

Today, U.S. dominance of the g…U.S. commercial nuclear exports.

Regs block exports – that crushes nonprolif leadership
Barber, chief of power generation for Energy Central’s Generation Hub, 10-1-12
(Wayne, “Cumbersome U.S. rules hobbling nuclear exports, report says,” http://www.energybiz.com/article/12/10/cumbersome-us-rules-hobbling-nuclear-exports-report-says, accessed 10-4-12, CMM)

U.S. firms are missing out … without congressional action.

Tournament: KY | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minn CE | Judge: Patrick Kennedy
1NC:
The manufacturing sector is improving now – that’s key to the economy.
ESA, Economics and Statistics Administration of the US Department of Commerce, 12
(5-7-12, “The Benefits of Manufacturing Jobs,” http://www.esa.doc.gov/Reports/benefits-manufacturing-jobs, accessed 9-6-12, CMM)

Executive Summary
The role of the manufacturing … nation’s standard of living.

 
Increased energy production causes Dutch Disease – undermining manufacturing.
Holland, Senior Fellow for Energy and Climate Policy at the American Security Project, a non-partisan think tank based in Washington, DC, 6-7-12
(Andrew, “Will Dutch Disease Follow-on the American Energy Boom?,” http://www.consumerenergyreport.com/2012/06/07/will-dutch-disease-follow-on-the-american-energy-boom/, accessed 9-5-12, CMM)

An ongoing discussion among … to government figures.

2NC:
Growth is stronger than it appears – its trending up
Rugaber, AP, 9-27-12
(Christopher, “US economic data looks better on closer inspection,” http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-09-27/data-suggest-us-economy-growing-only-modestly, accessed 9-1-12, CMM)

At first glance, a batch of U.S. … in the October-December quarter.

The economic is recovering now
Yen, AP, 9-20-12
(Hope, “Has U.S. economy bottomed out? Census suggests yes,” http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765605532/Has-US-economy-bottomed-out-Census-suggests-yes.html, accessed 9-20-12, CMM)

The U.S. economy is … the worst is over," Cherlin said.

Job growth is up
Rugaber, AP, 9-27-12
(Christopher, “US economic data looks better on closer inspection,” http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-09-27/data-suggest-us-economy-growing-only-modestly, accessed 9-1-12, CMM)

One government report … the same as in August.

Manufacturing growth up now
Schnurr, Reuters, 10-1-12
(Leah, “U.S. manufacturing grows in September for first time since May,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/01/us-usa-economy-manufacturing-idUSBRE8900R120121001, accessed 10-1-12, CMM)

U.S. manufacturing unexpectedly … slightly last month.

Default neg – most job growth stats are gross underestimates
Plumer, Washington Post, 9-27-12
(Brad, “U.S. economy added 386,000 more jobs in past year than we thought,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/09/27/economy-added-386000-more-jobs-last-year-than-we-thought/, accessed 10-1-12, CMM)

At 8:30 a.m. on the first …seemingly weak jobs growth.

More energy production risks Dutch Disease – Australia proves
LeVine, Environment and Energy Publishing, 6-7-12
(Steve, “A cautionary tale for U.S. energy policy unfolds in the Land Down Under,”  http://eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/06/07/2, accessed 9-5-12, CMM)

Coal and iron ore have transformed … to other important industries.

Tourism is expanding now and its key to the economy
Rep. Farr, Huffington Post, 9-5-12
(Sam, Congressperson, “The Vital Role Of The $1.9-Trillion US Travel Industry,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rep-sam-farr/us-travel-industry-vital-role_b_1856076.html, accessed 9-6-12, CMM)

The dedicated workers in these … but for the national economy as well.

Manufacturing sector is key to prevent wage deflation
Ettlinger, Vice President for Economic Policy, and Gordon, Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress, 4-7-11
(Michael, Kate, “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing,”
http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf, accessed 9-6-12, CMM)

Finally, manufacturing … middle-class families.

Wages decreases cause rampant deflation
Herr, Professor for Economics at the Berlin School of Economics, and Kazandziska, Lecturer at the Berlin School of Economics, 10
Hansjörg  and Milka, “The labour market and deflation in Japan”, Accessed 9-28-10, WHS

John Maynard Keynes (1930) added … to a destructive deflationary process.

Deflation spirals and no one can pull us out – causes a new Great Depression
Krugman, Nobel Prize Winning Economist, 9
Paul, On the tipping point,: February 5,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/opinion/06krugman.html?_r=1andpartner=permalinkandexprod=permalink JCP

Worst of all is the possibility that the … slumping at the same time?

AT: Link turn
Can’t solve jobs- benefits are short term and uncertain, and most jobs go to foreign workers
Southern Environmental Law Center, 08
(Southern Environmental Law Center, Fall 2008, “Offshore Drilling in the South Atlantic:
Too Little, Too Late,” http://www.southernenvironment.org/uploads/fck/file/offshore_drilling/selc%20position%20paper%20on%20offshore%20drilling.pdf, access date: 9-14-12, LLL)

By comparison, the economic …to foreign workers.56

Tournament: KY  | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minn CE | Judge: Patrick Kennedy
Resource extraction undermines long-term economic growth – it crowds out small business and outweighs short-run benefits.
Glaeser, Harvard Econ professor, 7-11-12
(Edward, “What the U.S. Can Learn From Australia’s Coal Mines,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-11/what-the-u-s-can-learn-from-australia-s-coal-mines.html, accessed 7-13-12, CMM)

A recent paper I co-wrote with … that limit their success.

Tournament: KY | Round: 6 | Opponent: NU KM | Judge: Stephen Weil
A. Interp – Restrictions on energy production only include policy barriers.
USEA, 2003
United States Energy Association, Energy Policy Bulletin, Issue 5, 4-16-03, “Energy Supply Diversity” http://w.sari-energy.org/Publications/Documents/bulletins/bulletin5.pdf, p.1, accessed 8-15-12, TAP

Government policy makers … improve our homeland security.
B. Violation – the plan only removes a functional restriction – not a policy barrier. 

C. Vote Neg –  

Limits – allowing functional restrictions to be T explodes the topic and makes it unmanageable for the neg – anything that reduces the amount of energy produced is T – prefer our interp – it provides the most predictable ground. 

AT: We Meet
The plan changes how energy is produced, rather than restricting how much is produced

This conflation ruins the topic:

1. Including regulations is a limits disaster
   Doub, Doub and Muntzing partner, 76
   “Energy Regulation: A Quagmire for Energy Policy” Annual Review of Energy, Vol. 1: 715-725 (Volume publication date November 1976, Academic Search Complete, accessed 10-7-12, AFB

FERS began with the … is the rule rather than the exception. 

2. Precision: Only direct prohibition is a restriction – key to predictability
Sinha 6
Supreme Court of India Union Of India and Ors vs M/S. Asian Food Industries on 7 November, 2006 Author: S.B. Sinha Bench: S Sinha, Mark, E Katju  CASE NO.:  Writ Petition (civil) 4695 of 2006  PETITIONER:  Union of India and Ors.  RESPONDENT:  M/s. Asian Food Industries  DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07/11/2006  BENCH:  S.B. Sinha and Markandey Katju  JUDGMENT:  J U D G M E N T  Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 17008 of 2006 WITH  CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4696 OF 2006 Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 17558 of 2006  S.B. SINHA, J, http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/437310/, accessed 10-7-12, AFB  

 We may, however, … to bring out that effect." 

2. It promotes multidirectionality, destroying topic coherence
McKie, UT Austin economics professor, 84
Professor James W. McKie, distinguished member of the economics department at The University  of Texas at Austin for many years, McKie, J W, Annual Review of Environment and Resource , Volume 9 (1) Annual Reviews – Nov 1, 1984, accessed 10-7-12

 THE MULTIPLE PURPOSES OF … confusing or disappointing.   
AT: Counter Interp
Restrictions must be a formal prohibition, not an INDUCEMENT
Groves, IPR lawyer and PdD, 97
Dr. Peter J. Groves, LLB, MA, PhD, MITMA, Solicitor, Sourcebook on Intellectual Property Law, accessed 10-7-12, Google Books, p, 249

 Then I come to the word 'restrict', …to say in advance what the effect will be.

Restrictions on production must mandate a decrease in the quantity produced
Anell WTO panel chair, 89
Lars E.R. Anell, 9-27-89 "To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such findings as will assist the CONTRACTING PARTIES in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in Article XXIII:2." 3. On 3 April 1989, the Council was informed that agreement had been reached on the following composition of the Panel (C/164): Composition Chairman: Mr. Lars E.R. Anell Members: Mr. Hugh W. Bartlett Mrs. Carmen Luz Guarda   CANADA - IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON ICE CREAM AND YOGHURT Report of the Panel adopted at the Forty-fifth Session of the CONTRACTING PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68)  http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf, accessed 10-7-12, AFB

The United States argued that …of all government measures. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Battery improvements will make electric vehicles more competitive as long as oil prices remain high.
Plumer, Washington Post, 7-12-12
(Brad, “As battery prices drop, will electric cars finally catch on?,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/12/as-battery-prices-drop-will-electric-cars-finally-catch-on/, accessed 7-16-12, CMM)

At the moment, Americans aren’t … all change in short order.

Electric vehicles solve warming
Anair, senior engineer in the UCS Clean Vehicles Program, and Mahmassani, engineer in the UCS Clean Vehicles Program, 12
(Don, Amine, June, Union of Concerned Scientists, “State of CHARGE Electric Vehicles’ Global Warming Emissions and Fuel-Cost Savings across the United States,” http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/clean_vehicles/electric-car-global-warming-emissions-report.pdf, accessed 8-1-12, CMM)

To meet the challenge of climate … to low-cost home charging.
Extinction
Keating, Foreign Policy Web Editor, 11/13/2009
Joshua, "The End of the World," http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, 11/15

How it could happen: Under … reduction in carbon emissions.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Can’t solve dependence – massive delays and refining issues
Conathan, Director of Ocean Policy at Center for American Progress, 12
(Michael Conathan, 2-29-12, Center for American Progress, “More Drilling Won’t Lower Gas Prices,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/02/29/11091/more-drilling-wont-lower-gas-prices/, access date: 9-1-12, LLL) 

•Pumping oil takes time. … understand why.

Can’t consume our own oil
Gordon, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 12
(Deborah Gordon, 3-22-12, US News, “No Magic Bullet for the Price of Gas,” http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2012/03/22/no-magic-bullet-for-the-price-of-gas, access date: 9-4-12, LLL) 

Moreover, much of … at the pump.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Interpretation-
Production and consumption are distinct – primary energy production only applies to nuclear electricity net generation.
EIA, No Date
Energy Information Administration, “Primary Energy Consumption” http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=P, accessed 9-12-12, TAP

Primary energy consumption:  .. and biofuels feedstock.
That excludes anything that isn’t fission.
EIA, No Date
Energy Information Administration, “Nuclear electric power” http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=N, accessed 9-15-12, TAP

Nuclear electric … a reactor.

B. Violation- they do non-fission business.
C. Standards

1. Limits – expanding the topic outside fission includes a bunch of sci-fi affs that make the neg research burden impossible
   2. Ground – nobody writes answers to new crazy tech because nobody assumes it gets adopted. Makes CP and DA ground impossible
   D. Voter for fairness and education – use competing interpretations – reasonability is arbitrary and leads to judge intervention

Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Politics

Obama will negotiate a deal on the fiscal cliff BUT political capital is key.

Rowland, Boston Globe, 11-9-12

Christopher, “Obama, Boehner outline competing plans for fiscal cliff” http:~/~/bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2012/11/09/house-speaker-john-boehner-calling-for-one-year-delay-fiscal-cliff-obama-speak-friday/uUwSXLggbX4DRgKxXtjeqI/html, accessed 11-9-12, TAP

President Obama Friday called on … wealthy to expire.

Energy debates drain capital

Izadi, National Journal, 12

(Elahe, 8-29-12, "Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829, accessed 11-8-12, CMM)

In a climate where everything … of who is there.… The middle is gone.”

Collapses global economy.

Shaw, Market News International, 10-15-12

John, “US Fiscal Cliff Watch:Obama,Romney Dance Around Cliff on Trail” https:~/~/mninews.deutsche-boerse.com/content/com/content/us-fiscal-cliff-watchobamaromney-dance-around-cliff-trail, accessed 10-26-12, TAP

Washington may not be heeding … of the cliff."

Economic collapse leads to global war.

Lind, New America Foundation Economic Growth Program Policy Director, 5/11/2010

Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv

If history is any guide, an era of global … in 1984 is all too easy to imagine.

Tournament: USC | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Nuclear crushes gas demand
Perry, Professor of economics at the Flint campus of The University of Michigan and a scholar at The Amedrican Enterprise Institute, 12
(Mark, September 26, "Natural gas and nuclear power need to share the lead in power generation for the future", www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/conventional-energy/natural-gas-and-nuclear-power-need-to-share-the-lead-in-power-generation-for-the-future/, accessed 10-22-12, CMM)

Because of its multiple uses and …and transportation.
Key to guar bean demand
Harris, NYT, 7-16-12
(Gardiner, “In Tiny Bean, India’s Dirt-Poor Farmers Strike Gas-Drilling Gold,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/17/world/asia/fracking-in-us-lifts-guar-farmers-in-india.html?pagewanted=print, accessed 7-18-12, CMM)

Sohan Singh’s shoeless children … not allow such a luxury.
Key to the Indian economy and exports
Times of India, 10-5-12
(“National seminar on cultivation of guar gum,” http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-05/nagpur/34278265_1_guar-gum-national-seminar-crop, accessed 10-20-12, CMM)

Guar gum has … the global demand of the gum."
Causes war with Pakistan
Mamoon, Director (Monitoring and Evaluation), Pakistan Institute of Trade and Development (PITAD), Ministry of Commerce, Islamabad, Pakistan, and Murshed, Professor of the Economics of Conflict and Peace, Institute of Social Studies, the Netherlands, 10
(Dawood, received his PhD from ISS, and Mansoob, “The conflict mitigating effects of trade in the India-Pakistan case,” Economics of Governance, Volume 11, Number 2, pages 145-167 (160-161), http://www.springerlink.com/content/4736rl34w118q532/, accessed 12-22-10, CMM)

However, if India is able to … February 2008.
Extinction
Fai, executive director at Kashmiri American Council, ‘1
(Ghulam, Executive director @ Kashmiri American Council, Wash Times, 7/8, lexis)

The most dangerous …/Cut-off Convention.

1nr cites:

Economic decline causes Naxalite instability and war with Pakistan – escalation likely
Robinson, History lecturer at Edith Cowan University in Perth, Western Australia, 10
(Dr. David, History lecturer at Edith Cowan University in Perth, Western Australia and published author that holds a PhD in History, “The Regional and Global Implications of India’s Rise as a Great Power.” – June 17th, 2010 – made available at http://lfort.wordpress.com/2010/06/17/indias-rise-as-a-great-power/#_ftn21
(David, “India’s Rise as a Great Power,” http://lfort.wordpress.com/2010/06/17/indias-rise-as-a-great-power/#_ftn21, accessed 10-22-12, CMM)

Over the last decade there has been an … against the other country.70
Kashmir conflict goes nuclear
Nazir Ahmed, Guardian staff writer, 9/21/10, Kashmir is a global threat," http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/sep/21/kashmir-pakistan-india-nuclear, access 9/22/10

My extensive contacts on the … geopolitical threat.
Guar Dutch Disease now – demand collapse would be devastating
Kapur, CNN, 9-10-12
(Mallika, “The little green bean in big fracking demand,” http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/09/world/asia/india-guar-bean-fracking/index.html, accessed 10-20-12, CMM)_

As demand grows, Agarwal … company that specializes in producing the product.

Tournament: USC | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
IFRs can’t compete and current light-water reactors solve any benefits
Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute chairman and chief scientist, 9
Amory, 3-21-9, ““New” nuclear reactors, same old story” http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2009-07_NuclearSameOldStory, accessed 10-14-12, TAP

The IFR—a pool-type, liquid-sodium-…, cost, or environment.
All empirics go our way – their authors exaggerate benefits and underestimate costs.
Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute chairman and chief scientist, 9
Amory, 3-21-9, ““New” nuclear reactors, same old story” http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2009-07_NuclearSameOldStory, accessed 10-14-12, TAP

No new kind of reactor is … to all experience.
No solvency – costs and delay
Wauchpoe, Independent Australian, 7-5-12
Noel, spokesperson for Women’s Electoral Lobby on nuclear issues, IA = progressive journal focusing on politics, democracy, the environment, Australian history and Australian identity “In dispraise of Integral Fast Nuclear Reactors” http://www.independentaustralia.net/2012/environment/in-dispraise-of-integral-fast-nuclear-reactors/, accessed 10-14-12, TAP

First of all, I always think “…. conventional reactors to run.
They cause prolif
Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute chairman and chief scientist, 2009
Amory, 3-21-9, ““New” nuclear reactors, same old story” http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2009-07_NuclearSameOldStory, accessed 10-14-12, TAP

Reprocessing of any kind … a safer world.
Nuclear war
Victor A. Utgoff, Deputy Dir – Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division, Institute for Defense Analysis, Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions, Survival, Vol. 44, No. 2, 2002, p. 87-90

Many readers are probably willing to accept … cities or even whole nations.

2NC:
International consensus proves they’re not competitive and power generation will be small
PR Newswire, 10
(“Report: Unsuccessful 'Fast Breeder' Is No Solution for Long-Term Reactor Waste Disposal Issues” February 17, 2010, PR Newswire, International Panel on Fissile Materials, http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/report~-~-unsuccessful-fast-breeder-is-no-solution-for-long-term-reactor-waste-disposal-issues-84610032.html, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

Hopes that the "fast … be modest at best."
Fast breed reactors empirically fail – France and Japan prove
Makhijani et al, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, 1
(Arjun, holds a Ph.D. in engineering (specialization: nuclear fusion) from the University of California at Berkeley, Hisham Zerriffi and Annie Makhijani, “Magical thinking.,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March/April 2001, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p34, 8p, ebsco, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

TRANSMUTATION SCHEMES
France, the country on … subsidized reactors.
Breeders are failing now
Makhijani et al, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, 1
(Arjun, holds a Ph.D. in engineering (specialization: nuclear fusion) from the University of California at Berkeley, Hisham Zerriffi and Annie Makhijani, “Magical thinking.,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March/April 2001, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p34, 8p, ebsco, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

• Reactor safety: Transmutation … operating beyond a few years.
  Fast reactors are costly and fail
  Makhijani et al, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, 1
  (Arjun, holds a Ph.D. in engineering (specialization: nuclear fusion) from the University of California at Berkeley, Hisham Zerriffi and Annie Makhijani, “Magical thinking.,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March/April 2001, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p34, 8p, ebsco, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

A decade ago, the … nuclear power reactors.

This card crushes them – no cost competition and it will take 150 years to build IFRs
Makhijani, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, 1
(Arjun, holds a Ph.D. in engineering (specialization: nuclear fusion) from the University of California at Berkeley, Hisham Zerriffi and Annie Makhijani, “The integral fast reactor could do it.,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March/April 2001, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p34, 8p, ebsco, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

   George Stanford's … the uranium in spent fuel.

The best case scenario is 2025 – all of our other solvency deficits prove that’s not feasible
Ingersoll, Senior Program Manager for the Nuclear Technology Programs Office at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 12
(Daniel, “Emerging Nuclear Technologies”, Federation of American Scientists, February, www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

High-temperature and …development costs.

They make prolif worse – irradation, spinoffs, co-option, reprocessing
Green, national coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, (Australia) 10
(Jim, national coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, has an honours degree in public health and a PhD in science and technology studies for his doctoral thesis on the Lucas Heights research reactor debates, “NUCLEAR WEAPONS, NUCLEAR POWER and INTEGRAL FAST REACTORS” February 2010, http://foe.org.au/sites/default/files/IFR-FoEA-web-Feb2010.pdf, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

In theory, there's lots to like … proliferation risks.
The framing issue is that their authors are caught up in the blueprints whereas ours simulate reality
Green, national coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative (Australia) 9
(Jim, national coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, has an honours degree in public health and a PhD in science and technology studies for his doctoral thesis on the Lucas Heights research reactor debates, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Fourth Generation' Reactors” July 2009, http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

IFR advocates …would be excluded.

Prefer top insiders
Green, national coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative (Australia) 9
(Jim, national coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, has an honours degree in public health and a PhD in science and technology studies for his doctoral thesis on the Lucas Heights research reactor debates, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Fourth Generation' Reactors” July 2009, http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

In short, IFRs could produce … from light water reactors."
And it overwhelms the nuclear inspection regime – makes prolif more likely
IEER, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, 1
(5-17-01, “Revival of Pyroprocessing Technology for Nuclear Fuel in Bush Administration Energy Plan Poses Serious Proliferation Dangers,” May 17th, IEER, pg online @ http://www.ieer.org/comments/energy/pyro-prl.html, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

Lack of nuclear … said Dr. Makhijani.   
*Makhijani – President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research

Tournament: USC | Round: Octas | Opponent:  | Judge:
HTGRs fail – empirics
Thomas, professor of energy studies at the University of Greenwich, in London, 11
(Steve, Energy Policy, January 26, 2011, "The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor: An obituary", Energy Policy
Volume 39, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 2431–2440, science direct, accessed 9-5-12, CMM)

2.1. Technological viability
Thomas suggested that … and would satisfy the safety regulator.

HTGRs fail and risk accidents
Makhijani, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, and Boyd, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, 10
(September, ARJUN MAKHIJANI, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research AND MICHELE BOYD, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, September, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power,” http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

The Pebble Bed Modular … of a loss of coolant accident.15

HTGRs fail – South Africa proves
Makhijani, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, and Boyd, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, 10
(September, ARJUN MAKHIJANI, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research AND MICHELE BOYD, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, September, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power,” http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

The PBMR was originally …costs¶ and problems.

PBMRs suck – everyone knows it
Thomas, professor of energy policy at the University of Greenwich, 9
(Steve, “The demise of the pebble bed modular reactor,” http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-demise-of-the-pebble-bed-modular-reactor, accessed 1-5-13, CMM)

All the major countries … to commercial fruition.
Empirics prove HTGRs don’t get commercialized
Thomas, professor of energy studies at the University of Greenwich, in London, 11
(Steve, Energy Policy, January 26, 2011, "The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor: An obituary", Energy Policy
Volume 39, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 2431–2440, science direct, accessed 9-5-12, CMM)

1.2. History of the HTGR Up to … operation since 2003.
The best case scenario is 2025 – all of our other solvency deficits prove that’s not feasible
Ingersoll, Senior Program Manager for the Nuclear Technology Programs Office at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 12
(Daniel, “Emerging Nuclear Technologies”, Federation of American Scientists, February, www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

High-temperature and fast-… development costs.

Pebble beds are supposed to be modular – links to our SMR answers
 Makhijani, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, and Boyd, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, 10
(September, ARJUN MAKHIJANI, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research AND MICHELE BOYD, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, September, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power,” http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

Since the PBMR design is … results in the production¶ of fissile uranium-233.16

Tournament: USC | Round: Octas | Opponent:  | Judge:
Prolif will moderate arms races
Waltz, Columbia University adjunct political science professor, 03
Kenneth M., The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, 29-33

One may believe that old … a meaningless superiority.

Prolif is good – solves great power war.
Tobia, PBS, 7-6-12
PJ, “The Upside of a Nuclear-Armed Iran: A Chat With Kenneth Waltz” http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2012/07/among-those-who-study-international.html, accessed 10-29-12, TAP

"Never has there … is a sobering event."
Tom Note – all of the quotes are Waltz
The way to frame the debate is not assessing whether prolif BREAKS DOWN but whether the world is MORE PEACEFUL with nuclear weapons or not – default neg on the historical basis that there is no risk of their worst-case scenarios – there is a cognitive bias favoring prolif being bad – the benefits of deterrence outweigh.
Sechser, University of Virginia political science professor, 2010
Todd, Controversies in Globalization: Contending Approaches to International Relations by John Hird, chapter 6, “Should the United States or the International Community Aggressively Pursue Nuclear Nonproliferation Policies?” http://www.amazon.com/Controversies-Globalization-Contending-Approaches-International/dp/087289505X, p.169-172, accessed 10-30-12, TAP

The evidence in the previous … it expects them to cause.

Default to history over predictive theories.
Graham, University of California history professor, 1994
Otis, “Losing Time” http://books.google.com/books?id=2_vH4yNbVFACandq=distorted+versions#search_anchor, p.4, accessed 10-30-12, TAP

Yet the status quo, defended …economic leadership.  

Prolif causes international nuclear cooperation – that solves all the harms the aff provides for prolif.
Roberts, CSIS research fellow, 1996
Brad, “Weapons proliferation and world order” http://books.google.com/books?id=8IEpQjHIg_ACandprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0#v=onepageandq=potential%20impactandf=false, google books, p.203-4, accessed 10-30-12, TAP

Yet other regions …-weapons-free zones.

Trust Waltz
Tobia, PBS, 7-6-12
PJ, “The Upside of a Nuclear-Armed Iran: A Chat With Kenneth Waltz” http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2012/07/among-those-who-study-international.html, accessed 10-29-12, TAP

Among a certain … and a Waltz devotee.
Decreasing the ability to prolif shifts to bioweapons.
Cordesman, CSIS strategic assessment senior fellow, 2000
Anthony, Hearing Before the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, “UNCLASSIFIED TESTIMONY FOR THE RECORD”  BYhttp://www.iranwatch.org/government/US/Congress/Hearings/sfrc-032800/us-sfrc-cordesman-032800.htm, accessed 10-30-12, TAP

New, critical … modes of delivery.

Outweighs nuclear war.
Ochs, Chemical Weapons Working Group member,  2002
Richard , Former Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition president, member of the Depleted Uranium Task force of the Military Toxics Project, “Biological Weapons Must Be Abolished Immediately” http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html, accessed 10-28-10, TP

Of all the weapons of mass … extinction is now possible.

Solves Middle East war
PBS News, 7-9-12
“Nuclear-Armed Iran Would Bring 'Stability' But Risks” http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/world/july-dec12/iran2_07-09.html, accessed 10-29-12, TAP

JOHN MEARSHEIMER, … will be nuclear use.
That draws in great powers
Kahl, Georgetown University security studies associate professor, 2012
Colin, former Deputy assistant secretary of defense for the middle east, Center for New American Security senior fellow, Foreign Affairs, Mar/Apr 2012, Vol. 91 No. 2, “Not Time to Attack Iran: Why War Should Be a Last Resort” Lexis, accessed 10-15-12, TAP

Keeping other states … currently occupied by Iran.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Russian power and aggression is historically decoupled from their economy
Friedman, chief intelligence officer, financial overseer, and CEO of the private intelligence corporation Stratfor, 9
(George, 7-27-09, Stratfor, “The Russian Economy and Russian Power,” http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090727_u_s_policy_continuity_and_russian_response, accessed 10-27-10, CMM)

Russia has been an economic … personalities but of Russian geopolitical necessity.
No impact to Russian corruption
Domrin, former Russian Foreign Relations Committee Chief Specialist, Spring 6
(U.S. Congressional Research Service Moscow Representative, Russian Foundation for Legal Reform Consultant, Univ. of Iowa College of Law Professor, former Harvard Law School Fulbright Research Scholar, J.D. from Univ. of Pennsylvania Law School, Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, "From Fragmentation to Balance: The Shifting Model of Federalism in Post-Soviet Russia," 15 Transnat'l L. and Contemp. Probs. 515, l/n accessed 10/20/7)

The "superpresidential" … and published. n77
Russian aggression is just posturing- no risk of war
Canwest News Service, Prince Rupert Daily News, 2009
((British Columbia), "Russia's militarization may be sabre-rattling," l/n accessed 3/26/9)

But two analysts told … sensible," Valasek said.  

No risk of Russian aggression
Ferguson, Harvard economic historian, 2/23/9
Niall, interview with Heather Scoffield, Globe and Mail, "There will be blood," http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090223.wferguson0223/BNStory/crashandrecovery/home/?pageRequested=all accessed 3/26/9  

The question is … do another Georgia.”

The link only goes our way – diversification is only possible when oil prices are high
Grinkevich, RIA Novosti economic commentator, 1-27-12
(Vlad, “High Oil Prices Open “Window of Opportunity” for Russian Economy,” http://en.ria.ru/analysis/20120127/170994608.html, accessed 2-17-12, CMM)

Speaking at a news …, would cause even bigger hikes in oil prices.
oil prices are key to Russia economic recovery
Desai, professor of Comparative Economic Systems, the Director for the Centre for Transition Economies at Columbia University, 7-12-11
(Padma, interview with Voice of Russia, “What can help US economy to get back on track?,” http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/07/12/53121563.html, accessed 7-15-11, CMM)

Yes, the Russian … to the current recovery of the Russian economy.

2nc:

We control uniqueness – Russia is modernizing now
Buckley, Finacial Times, 4-27-11
(Neil, “Economy: Policymakers start to grapple with a lack of options,” http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/05d79bd0-6fb5-11e0-952c-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1LKECKyVe, accessed 5-3-11, CMM)

Over the past 18 … Gavrilenkov puts it.

 Russia empirically doesn’t modernize after economic declines
Clover, Financial Times, 7-14-11
(Charles, “IMF warns Russia of reform or recession,” proquest, accessed 7-15-11, CMM)

Russia has dashed … recession triggered by a drop in oil prices.

Modernization empirically denied
Grinkevich, RIA Novosti economic commentator, 1-27-12
(Vlad, “High Oil Prices Open “Window of Opportunity” for Russian Economy,” http://en.ria.ru/analysis/20120127/170994608.html, accessed 2-17-12, CMM)

Russian experts … out to date.

Demographics constrain Russian power
Friedman, chief intelligence officer, financial overseer, and CEO of the private intelligence corporation Stratfor, 9
(George, 7-27-09, Stratfor, “The Russian Economy and Russian Power,” http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090727_u_s_policy_continuity_and_russian_response, accessed 10-27-10, CMM)

Ironically, in the … for the Americans.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc:

Lower energy prices risk a deflationary spiral
Keenan, New York Post, 12
(Terry, 6-24-12, “Oil’s not well, it’s deflation,” http://www.nypost.com/p/news/business/oil_not_well_it_deflation_mzRIpS8H6R6jqKmerkxtBL, accessed 8-19-12, CMM)

Well, what a … and other commodities.
Deflation spirals and no one can pull us out – causes a new Great Depression
Krugman, Nobel Prize Winning Economist, 9
Paul, On the tipping point,: February 5,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/opinion/06krugman.html?_r=1andpartner=permalinkandexprod=permalink JCP

Worst of all is the … world is slumping at the same time?

2nc:
Low energy prices cause deflation
Weinstein, TheStreet, 6-12-12
(Robert, “Natural Gas Will Dictate Oil Prices, Not Iranian Sanctions or OPEC,” http://www.thestreet.com/print/story/11576837.html, accessed 6-28-12, CMM)

Natural Gas
As oil prices move … producers to struggle.
Decreased energy prices are a huge cause of deflation
Dolan, economist, 7-17-12
(Ed, a Ph.D. from Yale University, was a member of the economics faculty at Dartmouth College, the University of Chicago, and George Mason University, “CPI Unchanged on Falling Energy Prices; Deflation Risk Begins to Edge Up,” http://www.economonitor.com/dolanecon/2012/07/17/cpi-unchanged-on-falling-energy-prices-deflation-risk-begins-to-edge-up/, accessed 8-19-12, CMM)

Falling energy …farm country.

Falling oil prices can swamp other rises in price level – risks deflation
Coy, Bloomberg, 6-5-12
(Peter, “Five Charts That Show Deflation Is a Growing Threat,” http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-06-05/five-charts-that-show-deflation-is-a-growing-threat, accessed 8-19-12, CMM)

Three years after … cuts, and layoffs.

AT: fed checks
Overshoot chokes growth
US News and World Report Chief Business Correspondent, 10
Rick, July 20, 4 Reasons To Fear Deflation, Accessed 9/17/10
http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/flowchart/2010/07/20/4-reasons-to-fear-deflation JCP

The Fed has already …. Let's hope the Fed has learned a thing or two.

No mechanism to deal with deflation Japan and 1930s prove
Farrell, contributing editor for Bloomberg Businessweek 2004
Chris, Deflation Pg 80-81 JCP
Another concern is that … on that proverbial string.”19

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
The 50 state governments should fully fund the integration of existing natural gas infrastructure into energy delivery infrastructure.

Natural gas grid solves the advantage
Pentland, Senior Director of Market Development at ClearEdge Power, a micro-CHP fuel cell manufacturer, 11-3-12
(William, “Natural Gas: America's Future Electric Grid?,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/williampentland/2012/11/03/natural-gas-americas-future-electric-grid/?ss=business%3Aenergy, accessed 12-22-12, CMM)

In August 2003, cascading … the natural gas grid.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Hydrogen impossible – AND it turns warming
Energy Bulletin, 6
1-3-6, “The Myth of the Hydrogen Economy, http://www.energybulletin.net/stories/2006-01-03/myth-hydrogen-economy, , accessed 1-7-13, AFB

Even hydrogen fuel derived … transport, bicycle or walk.

No feasibility – infrastructure, accidents, technical hurdles
Service, Financial Times, 5
“A Dream of a Hydrogen Economy”, 2-28-5, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5697289/ns/business-financial_times/t/dream-hydrogen-economy/, accessed 1-7-13, AFB

If producing hydrogen …, the former chief scientist at BP.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc:

SPS fails – no tech, not cost competitive, too expensive.
Jacquot, Tree Hugger Tech review, 2008
Jeremy Elton, Discovery Communications LLC, 10-15-8, “Could Solar Power Satellites Beam Down Gigawatts of Energy?” http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/could-solar-power-satellites-beam-down-gigawatts-of-energy.html, accessed 10-2-12, TAP

How pie-in-the-sky is … tremendous challenge.

Innovations necessary – 40 years.
Day, National Academy of Science/National Research Council Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board senior program officer, 2008
Dwayne, 6-9-8, “Knights in shining armor” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1147/1, accessed 10-2-12, TAP

The NSSO study is … the messenger.

2nc:
DOD fails – magnifies politics link.
Day, National Academy of Science/National Research Council Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board senior program officer, 8
Dwayne, 6-9-8, “Knights in shining armor” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1147/1, accessed 10-2-12, TAP

But there’s also another … program to be started.

Past incentives prove
Bullis, Technology Review editor, 9
Kevin, published by MIT, 4-15-9, “Startup to Beam Power from Space” http://www.technologyreview.in/blog/energy/23381/, accessed 10-14-12, TAP

One of the biggest long-… have been built.

No tech updates since the 70s.
Day, National Academy of Science/National Research Council Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board senior program officer, 2008
Dwayne, 6-9-8, “Knights in shining armor” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1147/1, accessed 10-2-12, TAP

You may not have noticed, but … study of it in the 1970s.

Only theoretical – this isn’t a thing.
Boswell, International Space Development Conference 1991 speaker, 2004
David, 8-30-4, “Whatever happened to solar power satellites?” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/214/1, accessed 10-2-12, TAP

At the end of June, a … development back.

SPS isn’t feasible – too expensive and the tech doesn’t exist.
International Union of Radio Science, 2006
“Solar Power Satellite (SPS) Systems” http://ursi.ca/SPS-2006sept.pdf, p.4-5, accessed 10-1-12, TAP

This has led URSI to organise an open … of this power-generation technique.

NSSO study was not legit.
Day, National Academy of Science/National Research Council Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board senior program officer, 8
Dwayne, 6-9-8, “Knights in shining armor” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1147/1, accessed 10-2-12, TAP

Add to this the way in … Pentagon leadership.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc

A. Obama will get the debt ceiling raised – PC is key to break down GOP opposition
Tomasky, Daily Beast, 1-5-13
Michael, “Obama Can Win the Debt Ceiling Fight” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/01/05/obama-can-win-the-debt-ceiling-fight.html, accessed 1-5-13, TAP

I find it a good policy, … betting against Washington conventional wisdom.
Energy debates drain capital
Izadi, National Journal, 12
(Elahe, 8-29-12, "Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829, accessed 11-8-12, CMM)

In a climate where … The middle is gone.”
C. Default causes a recession
Goldfarb, Washington Post, 1-1-13
(Zachary, “‘Fiscal cliff’ deal does little to tame threats from debt ceiling, high unemployment rates,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/fiscal-cliff/fiscal-cliff-deal-does-little-to-tame-threats-from-debt-ceiling-high-unemployment-rates/2013/01/01/8e4c14aa-5393-11e2-bf3e-76c0a789346f_story.html, accessed 1-2-13, CMM)

Leaving the fate of …until at least 2016 or later.
This will trigger a depression
Isidore, CNN Money, 11
(Chris, 8/10/2011, “Recession 2.0 would hurt worse,” http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/10/news/economy/double_dip_recession_economy/index.htm, accessed 1-6-12, CMM)

And while economists disagree …effort to counteract it.  

Economic collapse leads to global war.
Lind, New America Foundation Economic Growth Program Policy Director, 5/11/2010
Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv

If history is any guide, an era of … in 1984 is all too easy to imagine.

2nc uniqueness

Debt ceiling will pass – Obama can use PC to destroy the GOP
Easley, Politics USA News, 1-6-13
(Jason, “Obama is Already Two Steps Ahead of Republicans on the Debt Ceiling,” 1-6-13, http://www.politicususa.com/obama-steps-republicans-debt-ceiling.html, accessed 1-7-13) PM

By using the fiscal cliff as …. win on the debt ceiling.
Obama will dominate debt ceiling negotiations now—fiscal cliff fights prove his capital is critical
Judis, The New Republic, 1-3-13  
(John, “Obama Wasn't Rolled. He Won!,” www.tnr.com/blog/plank/111573/obama-didnt-get-rolled-the-fiscal-cliff-in-fact-he-won, accessed 1-4-12, CMM)

Secondly, Obama scored a … did over fiscal cliff.
But it doesn’t overwhelm – don’t let them card this in the 1AR
Klein, Washington Post, 1-2-13
(Ezra, “The lessons of the fiscal cliff,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/02/the-lessons-of-the-fiscal-cliff/, accessed 1-2-13, CMM)

There is a narrative in … economic havoc.

Obama’s political capital is up – the fiscal cliff
Nelson, WSJ, 1-1-13
(Colleen McCain, “Lack of Grand Bargain Complicates Obama's Priorities,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323635504578216253683816078.html, accessed 1-2-13, CMM)

Still, the White House … House official said.
PC is up and Obama won’t overextend
Raum, AP, 12-10-12
(Tom, “Obama spending 'political capital',” http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2012/12/10/politics/obama-spending~-~-political-capital/, accessed 12-26-12, CMM)

President Barack …. — up to a point," said Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio.

AT: Hagel
No backlash
The Hill 1-7 Jeremy Herb, Obama nominates Hagel for Pentagon, picking fight with GOP, Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/policy-and-strategy/275905-obama-nominates-hagel-for-pentagon-picking-fight-with-senate-gop#ixzz2HJg76Qkh

A source familiar … he served there.
No backlash AND diplomats shield Obama
Dwyer and Karl, 1-7-13 DEVIN DWYER and JONATHAN KARL | ABC OTUS News, Obama Taps Hagel for Defense, Girds for Fight, http://news.yahoo.com/obama-taps-hagel-defense-girds-fight-021709341.html

But that could change, … interview last week.
So does Biden
Cloud, LA Times Washington Bureau, 1-4-13
David S. and Brian Bennett, LA Times, “Obama likely to nominate Chuck Hagel for Defense secretary”,
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-hagel-defense-20130105,0,1970768.story, accessed 1-5-13, AFB

Hagel is close to Vice … office in 2009.
Biden shields Obama
Shapiro, NPR, 1-5-13
(Ari, “Often Written Off, Biden Has Long List Of Deals To His Name,” 1-5-13, http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2013/01/05/168637705/often-written-off-biden-has-long-list-of-deals-to-his-name?ft=3andf=1001andsc=nlandcc=nh-20130105, accessed 1-8-13) PM

When President Obama … facial caresses.
Even from the GOP
Shapiro, NPR, 1-5-13
(Ari, “Often Written Off, Biden Has Long List Of Deals To His Name,” 1-5-13, http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2013/01/05/168637705/often-written-off-biden-has-long-list-of-deals-to-his-name?ft=3andf=1001andsc=nlandcc=nh-20130105, accessed 1-8-13) PM

That side of Biden is … to the very end.

GOP won’t block Hagel
AP 1-7-13 Obama To Nominate Hagel For Top Pentagon Post, Brennan To Lead C.I.A. http://www.npr.org/2013/01/07/168773497/obama-to-nominate-hagel-for-top-pentagon-post-brennan-to-lead-cia

Despite the criticism, … for the post.
Hagel has conservative support
Lawrence, managing editor, politics, at National Journal, 1-7-13 Jill, 6 Reasons Obama Is Nominating Chuck Hagel for Secretary of Defense, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/6-reasons-obama-is-nominating-chuck-hagel-for-secretary-of-defense/266879/

Hagel would add a … reliable conservative."
No impact on Obama – Hagel has influential defenders
Landler, New York Times, 1-5-13
Mark, New York Times, “Nomination of Hagel Could Come Next Week”, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/us/politics/obama-could-name-chuck-hagel-to-defense-post-next-week.html?_r=0, accessed 1-5-13, AFB

But Mr. Hagel has … President George Bush.
Hagel has substantial defense
Cloud, LA Times Washington Bureau, 1-4-13
David S. and Brian Bennett, LA Times, “Obama likely to nominate Chuck Hagel for Defense secretary”,
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-hagel-defense-20130105,0,1970768.story, accessed 1-5-13, AFB

But defenders and … Support Act of 2006.
Obama cutting his losses – caving on Hagel would have been worse – and he will win confirmation
Cloud, LA Times Washington Bureau, 1-4-13
David S. and Brian Bennett, LA Times, “Obama likely to nominate Chuck Hagel for Defense secretary”,
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-hagel-defense-20130105,0,1970768.story, accessed 1-5-13, AFB

Diving into a fight … on to get him confirmed.
Presumption is neg – confirmation likely
Cloud, LA Times Washington Bureau, 1-4-13
David S. and Brian Bennett, LA Times, “Obama likely to nominate Chuck Hagel for Defense secretary”,
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-hagel-defense-20130105,0,1970768.story, accessed 1-5-13, AFB

The presumption is that … such a choice.

Debt Ceiling Key to Econ
Quick passage of debt ceiling is key to avert a downgrade
Schatz and Reis, Politico, 1-1-13
(Joseph, Patrick, “Enjoy the fiscal cliff debate? Just wait for the debt ceiling,” http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=A4ED7193-AC63-44BA-A01C-31E5D9FC084B, accessed 1-2-13, CMM)

Even if Congress steers clear … to address this issue.”
Debt ceiling is key to economy – much bigger than fiscal cliff
Schatz and Reis, Politico, 1-1-13
(Joseph, Patrick, “Enjoy the fiscal cliff debate? Just wait for the debt ceiling,” http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=A4ED7193-AC63-44BA-A01C-31E5D9FC084B, accessed 1-2-13, CMM)

So while popular attention … two years ago.

AT: US not key
The U.S. economy is engine for the world
Caploe, 4/7/9
David Caploe is CEO of the Singapore-incorporated American Centre for Applied Liberal Arts and Humanities in Asia., “Focus still on America to lead global recovery”, April 7, The Strait Times, lexis

IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most …. - and it is going to have to be solved there too.
 

Tournament: Dartmouth | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC 

Russian natural gas revenue is rebounding
Seeking Alpha, 12-12-12
("Why Gazprom is a Steal," seekingalpha.com/article/1059311-why-gazprom-is-a-steal, accessed 1-19-13, CMM)

Harry Beck wrote a good … largest enterprise.

That collapses Russia’s economy
TUCKER, Assistant Director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin, 1-9-13
(Aviezer, “The New Power Map,” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138597/aviezer-tucker/the-new-power-map?page=show, accessed 1-13-13, CMM)

Until recently, Gazprom … in Europe at about a 66 percent profit margin.)

Russian decline goes nuclear
Filger, founder of GlobalEconomicCrisis.com, 9
(Sheldon, 5-10-09, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html, accessed 5-9-11, CMM)

In Russia, historically, … least dangerous consequence.

Competitive solar crowds out natural gas
Carus, AOL Energy, 7-16-12
(Felicity, “Suntech President Warns of Election Threat to Solar Incentives,” http://energy.aol.com/2012/07/16/suntech-president-warns-of-election-threat-to-solar-incentives, accessed 7-20-12, CMM)

Coal and Natural Gas Developments Offer Solar Opportunities
Lefebvre said that a large … natural gas."
Lefebvre – President of Suntech America

The DA outweighs and turns case –
A) Magnitude – Russian economic decline causes a civil war that spills over to neighboring nations and draws in China, Europe and the US – Filger.
And that’s the only scenario for nuclear extinction.
Bostrom, Oxford philosophy faculty, 2
Nick, “Existential Risks Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards,” Published in the Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html

A much greater … permanently.

This always outweighs
Bostrom, Oxford philosophy professor, July 5
Nick, Transcribed by Matt Struth, 4:38-6:12 of the talk at http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/44, accessed 2-2-8

Now if we think about …. hope to achieve.  

Filger also says it causes loose nukes – that escalates.
Speice, JD Candidate, February 2006
Patrick, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, Lexis

The potential consequences … use of nuclear weapons.

Diminishing export prices crush Putin’s ability to buy off the opposition sparking violent uprising
Adomanis, Forbes, 12
(Mark, 5-14-12, “Russia's Economy is Still Growing, and Why This Matters,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2012/05/24/russias-economy-is-still-growing-and-why-this-matters/, accessed 1-19-13, CMM)

I’ve long been of the … least another few years.

The US is key to global demand – decline gets modeled
TUCKER, Assistant Director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin, 1-9-13
(Aviezer, “The New Power Map,” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138597/aviezer-tucker/the-new-power-map?page=show, accessed 1-13-13, CMM)

The economic and … roughly ten percent discounts on existing contracts.

AT: dutch disease
Zero evidence agrees
Adomanis, Forbes, 12
(Mark, 6-22-12, “Is Russia Suffering From Dutch Disease,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2012/06/22/is-russia-suffering-from-dutch-disease/, accessed 1-20-13, CMM)

Part of the reason that … the main reserve currencies.

Russian policy checks
Adomanis, Forbes, 12
(Mark, 6-22-12, “Is Russia Suffering From Dutch Disease,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2012/06/22/is-russia-suffering-from-dutch-disease/, accessed 1-20-13, CMM)

Dutch Disease is basically … welfare fund.”

Spending hasn’t caused runaway inflation despite extensive intervention
Adomanis, Forbes, 12
(Mark, 6-22-12, “Is Russia Suffering From Dutch Disease,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2012/06/22/is-russia-suffering-from-dutch-disease/, accessed 1-20-13, CMM)

Crowding out is a … post-Soviet lows.

Tournament: Dartmouth  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
SMRs are key to Canadian oil sands
Stewart, director of policy and research with the Canadian NuclearAssociation (CNA), 12
(John, February “NUCLEAR IN THE OIL SANDS: BUILDING ON CANADA’S STRENGTHS,” http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/feb12/stewart.pdf, accessed 1-21-13, CMM)

Currently deployed …. maintenance¶ needs.

Production is collapsing now
Weston, National Affairs Specialist, CBC News, 12
(Greg, 11-1-12, “Greg Weston: Oilsands crippled by soaring costs, memo says,” http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/11/01/pol-weston-oilsands-warnings-financial.html, accessed 1-21-13, CMM)

A confidential government … jeopardize the viability of some projects, he says.

Oil sands development risks Canadian economic collapse – Dutch Disease
Zerbisias, Toronto Star, 12
(Antonia, 2-24-12, “Ottawa’s focus on Alberta oilsands is killing manufacturing jobs in Eastern Canada, economists say,” http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1136578~-~-ottawa-s-focus-on-alberta-oilsands-is-killing-manufacturing-jobs-in-eastern-canada-economists-say, accessed 1-21-13, CMM)

You know that old saying, “… Eastern and Western Canada.”

Economic decline causes Quebec secession.
Nuechterlein, U.C. Berkeley Rockefeller Research Scholar, 99
(Donald E., September. Rockefeller Research Scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. “CANADA DEBATES A VARIETY OF DOMESTIC ISSUES,” http://donaldnuechterlein.com/1999/canada.html, accessed 9/1/10, CMM)

Current opinion polls in … if it separates.

That sets a global model for separatism
Bourge, UPI, 2
(Christian, March 5, United Press International, “Canadian unity key to global pluralism,” lexis, accessed 9-7-10, CMM)

The secession of the province of … nations the world over. 

Global nuclear war
Shehadi, Research Associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 93
(Kamal, December 1993, “Ethnic Self Determination And the Break Up of States,” p. 81)

This paper has argued that self-…minorities and borders.

2NC
Global secessionism outweighs and turns case – 

Magnitude – separatist movements all around the world will causes escalating conflicts that spread globally and will give terrorists access to nuclear weapons – that causes global nuclear war
Speice, JD Candidate, February, 6
Patrick, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, Lexis

The potential consequences of … of nuclear weapons.

Secession magnifies all war impacts and turns the case (terrorism, disease, environment, population growth, war, prolif)
Gottlieb, Leo Spitz Professor of International Law and Diplomacy University of Chicago Law School, 1993
Gidon, 1993, “Nation Against State,” p. 26-27

Self-determination … and prosperity.

Link EXT

The same companies that would develop SMRs for the military will get in the oil sands business.
Halper, Smarter Planet, 11
(Mark, 11-30-11, “How nuclear will make oil greener,” http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/how-nuclear-will-make-oil-greener/10879, accessed 1-21-13, CMM)

Oil from oil sands has become a … for both domestic bases and war zones.

Military SMR producers will sell to tar sands developers
Fehrenbacher, GigaOM, 9
(Katie, GigaOM has grown into the leading independent voice on emerging technologies and the disruption of media, 2-20-09, “Controversial Duo: Nuclear Pod and Canadian Tar Sands!,” http://gigaom.com/2009/02/20/controversial-duo-nuclear-pod-canadian-tar-sands/, accessed 1-21-13, CMM)

Don’t feel so … the target of attack by environmentalists.

Nuclear is a hedge against gas prices
Stewart, director of policy and research with the Canadian NuclearAssociation (CNA), 12
(John, February “NUCLEAR IN THE OIL SANDS: BUILDING ON CANADA’S STRENGTHS,” http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/feb12/stewart.pdf, accessed 1-21-13, CMM)

Bringing the oil sands to … gas (GHG) emissions.

AT: No Succession
Recent election results put separatism on the table
Horgan, The Guardian, 12
(Colin, 9-5-12, “Quebec separatists' success spells trouble,” www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/sep/05/quebec-separatists-success-parti-quebecois, accessed 1-23-13, CMM)

The night was already surprising … against Quebec's interests.

Separation is possible – the media and separatists will spin perceived Dutch Disease to garner support.
Samms, Law student at the University of New Brunswick, 12
(John, Bachelors and Masters degree in Political Science, 6-29-12, “Waking From Hibernation: Quebec Separation,” http://pressingpolitics.wordpress.com/2012/06/29/waking-from-hibernation-quebec-separation/, accessed 1-23-13, CMM)

Don’t look now, but it looks like … with sovereignty, right?”¶ 

Polls prove its close now – oil sands would make it decisive
Canadian Press, 12
(3-26-12, “Quebec Separatism: Appetite For Independence Endures In Quebec, According To Poll,” http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/03/26/quebec-separatism-poll-leger-marketing_n_1380097.html, accessed 1-23-13, CMM)

Quebecers still have an … to satisfy the majority of the province.

AT: nuclear now triggers
Status quo nuclear fails – multiple warrants
Carpenter, President and CEO of the Canadian Nuclear Association, 11
(Denise, 8-31-11, “Size Matters: Small Nuclear Reactors and Alberta’s Oil Sands Development,” http://talknuclear.ca/index.php/2011/08/size-matters-small-nuclear-reactors-and-albertas-oil-sands-development/, accessed 1-21-13, CMM)

We believe that small modular .. gravity drainage (SAGD).

AT: commercialization
The DOD demonstrates feasibility of SMRs – spills over
Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and, Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 11
(Richard, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center
for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L., Feb, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

DOD as First Mover
Thus far, this paper has reviewed … demonstrating technical viability.32

DOD is uniquely-suited
Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and, Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 11
(Richard, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center
for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L., Feb, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, CMM)

It should be emphasized … adequately resolved.

They solve licensing and economic risk
Madia, Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, 4-1-12
(William, was the Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 2000-2004 and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory from 1994-1999, “Small Modular Reactors: A Potential Game-Changing Technology,” http://energyclub.stanford.edu/journalitem/small-modular-reactors-a-potential-game-changing-technology/, accessed 12-29-12, CMM)

To determine if SMRs … welfare, or carbon taxes.

AT: labor costs key

Labor costs are stabilizing
Argus, 1-8-13
(Argus is an independent media organisation with nearly 500 full time staff, “Oil sands costs seen moderating,” http://www.argusmedia.com/pages/NewsBody.aspx?id=829414andmenu=yes, accessed 1-21-13, CMM)

Canadian oil sands … chief Marcel Coutu said.

Impacts

Quebec secession causes miscalculation and US war with Russia
Lamont, former Americas Society Canadian Affairs director, 94
(Lansing, Time's chief correspondent in Canada between 1971-1973, and President of American Trust for the British Library, “Breakup: The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America,” p. 237-9)

That prospect, however dim at the … for nations that self-destruct.

This is the only scenario for extinction
Bostrom, Oxford philosophy faculty, 2
Nick, “Existential Risks Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards,” Published in the Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html, accessed 9-7-10

A much greater … potential permanently.

SMRs boost oil sands – causes warming
Edwards, The Raw Story, 1-17-13
(David, “Toshiba creating nuclear reactor for mining Canada Tar Sands,” http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/01/17/toshiba-creating-nuclear-reactor-for-mining-canada-tar-sands/, accessed 1-20-13, CMM)

Toshiba Corp. has reportedly … It’s a little odd,” he admitted.

Tournament: Dartmouth | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Obama’s PC is key to resolving upcoming budget fights – solves fast growth and budget stability
Weigant, Huff Post, 1-23-13
(Chris, “Handicapping Obama's Second Term Agenda,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-weigant/obama-second-term_b_2537802.html, accessed 1-24-13, CMM)

The ceremonies are all over …, is a long-term extension of the debt ceiling.

Using OT authority is a lightning rod – its tied to perceptions of the failed FCS program
Halchin, CRS Specialist in American National Government, 10
 (L Elaine, 1-27-10, “Other Transaction (OT) Authority,” http://www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/19087.pdf, accessed 1-1-13, CMM)

The Army’s Future … possible misuse of OT authority.

Slow growth collapses competitiveness – causes great power wars
Khalilzad, former U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the UN, 2-8-11
(Zalmay, United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, National Review Online, “The Economy and National Security,” http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad, accessed 2-8-11, CMM)

Today, economic and fiscal … crisis that we face today.

1NR

Turns nuclear investment
Simpson, New York University center on international cooperation associate director, 2009
Fiona, “The recession alone won't stop nuclear power's growth” http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-recession-alone-wont-stop-nuclear-powers-growth, accessed 1-16-13, TAP

None of the IAEA's projections, … in new nuclear projects.

Obama is pushing for a grand bargain on the budget – political capital is key to keep Dems in line and garner Concessions from the GOP
Sherman and Brown, Politico, 1-24-13
(Jake and Carrie Budoff, “Fiscal fights: Who will blink first?,” http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=DAF3F782-0EAA-44CC-AA47-5CBC99BD0784, accessed 1-25-13, CMM)

Speaker John Boehner’s … to go into default over the debt limit, the official said.
None of their answers assume Obama using political capital to reach a compromise – that overcomes all non-unqiues.
Walsh, Salon’s editor at large, 1-21-13
(Joan, “Obama II: Older, wiser, stronger,” http://www.salon.com/2013/01/21/obama_ii_older_wiser_stronger/, accessed 1-24-13, CMM)

You don’t have to … more motive to negotiate.
AT: Thumper – Gun Control
XOs didn’t trigger controversy and republicans are too weak to oppose.
Mullen, Washington Times, 1-20-13
Thomas, “Obama outmaneuvers Republicans again on gun control” http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/reawakening-liberty/2013/jan/20/obama-outmaneuvers-republicans-again-gun-control/, accessed 1-25-13, TAP

Following the usual ….. man’s inherent “heart of darkness.”

AT: Thumper – Immigration
Fiscal fights come first
Joseph, The Hill, 1-17-13
(Cameron, “Immigration advocates promise to put 'muscle' behind reform push,” http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/277853-immigration-reform-proponents-insist-now-is-time-for-action, accessed: 1-18-13, LLL)

Pro-immigration reform … Union address," he said.
AT: Thumper – Court Ruling
Won’t affect Obama – Supreme Court takes up the case
Barnes, Washington Post, 1-25-13
(Robert, Steven Mufson, Court says Obama exceeded authority in making appointments,” 1-25-13, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/court-says-obama-exceeded-authority-in-making-appointments/2013/01/25/b7e1b692-6713-11e2-9e1b-07db1d2ccd5b_story.html, accessed 1-26-13) PM

The ruling noted that … and then seek Supreme Court review.
AT: Obama won’t push
Obama has to push the plan
Izadi, National Journal, 12
(Elahe, 8-29-12, "Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829, accessed 11-8-12, CMM)

In a climate where everything … because of who is there.… The middle is gone.”

EXT – Long-term Budget Key to Econ
Long-term budget is key to prevent a recession
Newman, US News and World Report, 1-23-13
(Rick, “The Debt Ceiling Extension Is Bad News for the Economy,” http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/rick-newman/2013/01/23/the-debt-ceiling-extension-is-bad-news-for-the-economy, accessed 1-25-13, CMM)

Will the Washington budget … it probably won't.
1NR – AT: No Link UQ – DOE Funding
Congress is holding up DOE nuclear funding now
McGovern, energy consultant to government and industry, 12-17-12
(James, “Opinion: Small modular reactors are the future of nuclear power,” http://www.nj.com/times-opinion/index.ssf/2012/12/opinion_small_modular_reactors.html, accessed 12-27-12, CMM)

Nuclear experts know how to …reactor that burns nuclear waste.
1NR – AT: Link Turn – Popular (Nelson)
Framing issue – some groups may like the plan but others don’t – link outweighs the turn.
Whitman, CASEnergy Co-Chair, Former EPA Administrator and New Jersey Governor, 2012
Christine, 8-13-12, “Nuclear Power Garners Bipartisan Support” http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php?rss=1andutm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+njgroup-energy+%28Energy+%26+Environment+Experts~-~-Q+with+Answer+Previews%29#2237728, accessed 10-26-12, TAP

It’s clear from the debate around the … accepted energy policy particularly challenging.
Link is guaranteed – no constituency for the plan
Skutnik, Assistant Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of Tennessee,
10-22-12
(Steve, “Does nuclear lack a natural constituency?,” http://theenergycollective.com/skutnik/133191/does-nuclear-lack-natural-constituency?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=emailandutm_campaign=The+Energy+Collective+%28all+posts%29, accessed 10-22-12, CMM)

A quick Turing test from the …, finds itself politically homeless.
SMRs are politically “nuclear”
Fairley 10
(IEEE Spectrum, May, "Downsizing Nuclear Power Plants,” spectrum.ieee.org/energy/nuclear/downsizing-nuclear-power-plants/0)

However, there are political …. at least, they’re just as nuclear.

Tournament: Dartmouth | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Status quo solves – the IRS will do the plan after the election
Konrad, PhD, CFA, financial analyst and portfolio manager, 10-21-12
(Tom, “Why Solar REITs Are A Better Way To Invest In Solar,” http://seekingalpha.com/article/937181-why-solar-reits-are-a-better-way-to-invest-in-solar, accessed 11-5-12, CMM)

No one was able to tell me anything definite, … in the name of energy independence.

• Sturtevant – Joshua L. Sturtevant, an associate with solar aggregator, financier, and developer Distributed Sun of Washington, DC.
  • Jabusch - Garvin Jabusch, Co-founder and CIO of Green Alpha Advisors in Boulder, CO and manager of the Sierra Club Green Alpha Portfolio

REIT workarounds solve investment and REITs alone don’t solve
Thomas, Forbes contributor and REIT investor, 11-26-12
(Brad, “REITs Boom As More Industries Discover This Tax-Friendly Structure,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/bradthomas/2012/11/26/reits-boom-as-more-industries-discover-this-tax-friendly-structure/, accessed 12-27-12, CMM)

So far the IRS has not ruled on … business model into a strong one.”

Plan not necessary – REIT investment is already possible
Konrad, PhD, CFA, financial analyst and portfolio manager, 10-21-12
(Tom, “Why Solar REITs Are A Better Way To Invest In Solar,” http://seekingalpha.com/article/937181-why-solar-reits-are-a-better-way-to-invest-in-solar, accessed 11-5-12, CMM)

A few REITs have …. for REIT purposes.

Seriously – the squo solves.
Herndon, Bloomberg, Five Days Ago 1-21-13
(Andrew, “Solar Costs to Fall as REITs Emerge as Source of Funding,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-21/solar-costs-to-fall-as-reits-emerge-as-source-of-funding.html, accessed 1-26-13, CMM)

A San Francisco startup ….Policy and Finance.

Tournament: NU | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Text: The United States Federal Government should amend Title V of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 by reinstating federal liability for Tribal Energy Resource Agreements.  

The counterplan solves without linking to politics
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811

As an alternative, a second … improvement over the status quo.

2NC Liability

_ Liability uniquely key
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811

The waiver of federal … patently unfair to tribes." n130

Their author agrees with the sufficiency framing
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811

Despite the attractiveness of … the Secretary of Interior.

_ Liability is equal to the aff internal as a deterrent to TERAs
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811

Given the potential … have implications related to the federal trust relationship.

Tournament: NU | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Immigration will pass now – momentum
Mali, The Hill, 2-3-13
(Meghashyam, “Reid: Immigration bill will pass Senate,” http://thehill.com/video/senate/280739-reid-vows-immigration-reform-will-pass-senate, accessed 2-4-13, CMM)

Senate Majority Leader Harry … security will be dealt with.

Plan’s real unpopular – Congress wants to maintain oversight
Royster 12—Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law (Judith, Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures, 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91)

Discarding any approval …, must retain some sort of secretarial approval.

Political capital necessary for deal-making and arm twisting – that’s key to passage
Shifter, Inter-American Dialogue, 12
(Michael, 12-27-12, “Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?,” http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32andpubID=3186, accessed 2-7-13, CMM)

Not surprisingly, Obama has …   Resistance will not disappear. 

Immigration reform is key to the agriculture industry- and that’s key to the entire economy  
Fitz, Director of Immigration Policy at the Center for American Progress, 12
(Marshall, 11-14-12, “Time to Legalize Our 11 Million Undocumented Immigrants,” http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/FitzLegalizationBrief-1.pdf, accessed: 2-6-13, LLL)

Nowhere is the tension … and others have pursued.

Economic collapse leads to global war.
Lind, New America Foundation Economic Growth Program Policy Director, 5/11/2010
Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv

If history is any guide, an era … is all too easy to imagine.

1nr

Framing issue – political capital can overcome non-uniques – the plan drains it and destroys agenda prioritization
Cillizza and Blake, Washington Post, 1-21-13
(Chris and Aaron, “President Obama’s second term starts today. It ends sooner than you think.,”  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2013/01/21/president-obama-second-term-starts-today-it-ends-in-sooner-than-you-think/, accessed 1-24-13, CMM)

At the moment, President Obama is … this issue once and for all."

Will pass – political capital is key
Weigant, Huff Post, 1-23-13
(Chris, “Handicapping Obama's Second Term Agenda,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-weigant/obama-second-term_b_2537802.html, accessed 1-24-13, CMM)

The second big agenda item is …. We'll just have to wait and see.

Obama is pushing and compromise is likely
PACE and SUPERVILLE, Associated Press, 1-29-13
(Julie and Darlene, “Obama: 'now is the time' for immigration overhaul,” http://www.dallasnews.com/news/washington/20130129-obama-now-is-the-time-for-immigration-overhaul.ece, accessed 2-7-13, CMM)

Declaring "now is the time" … proposals one day earlier.

Obama is pushing the Senate immigration bill now
Globe and Mail, 1-29-13
(“Obama’s call for immigration reform long overdue,” http://www.theglobeandmail.com/commentary/editorials/obamas-call-for-immigration-reform-long-overdue/article7969608/, accessed 2-7-13, CMM)

For the first time in years, … from U.S. universities a green card.

AT: Won’t Pass – Path to Citizenship
Path to citizenship will pass now
Sargent, Washington Post, 2-5-13
(Gary, “The Morning Plum: Immigration reform in jeopardy?,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/02/05/the-morning-plum-immigration-reform-in-jeopardy/, accessed 2-7-13, CMM)

Today, the GOP-controlled … the path to real immigration reform remains.

AT: Uniqueness Overwhelms
Link outweighs
Electoral concerns may be necessary for GOP support but aren’t sufficient
Benac, AP, 1-20-13
(Nancy, “Obama's Second Term: President Faces Tough To-Do List Over Next Four Years,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/20/obamas-second-term_n_2517117.html, accessed 1-22-13, CMM)

Immigration offers Obama … 11 million people illegally in the U.S. is the big sticking point.

It’ll still be tough
Berman, The Hill, 2-4-13
(Russell, “ Secretive House group close to immigration-reform agreement,” http://thehill.com/homenews/house/280767-secret-house-group-close-to-immigration-reform-agreement, accessed 2-4-13, CMM)

Yet while Obama has pressed … a very heavy lift,” Diaz-Balart said.
*Goodlatte - The new chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.)
Diaz-Balart - Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart (R-Fla.)

AT: Thumper – Confirmation Fights
Nomination fights don’t cost political capital – empirically proven
Hutchinson, frequent political commentator on MSNBC, 12-4-12
(Earl Ofari, weekly co-host of the Al Sharpton Show on American Urban Radio Network, the host of the weekly Hutchinson Report on KPFK-Radio and the Pacifica Network, “Rice Nomination Fight Won't Drain President Obama's Political Capital,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/earl-ofari-hutchinson/rice-nomination-fight-obama_b_2229435.html, accessed 12-26-12, CMM)

If the heat on UN Ambassador … of Obama's political capital.

This card is about Obama using PC to set the agenda – even if the president can’t set the agenda, immigration is already the top priority, which is where the president can influence legislation – this is the conclusion of the article
Hirsh, National Journal, 2-7-13
Michael, appeared in the Print Edition of the magazine, “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, TAP

The point is not that “political … on your side.”
Prefer issue specific internal links – PC is key to immigration – that’s 

Shifter – here’s more
Hesson, 1-2-13
(Ted, “Analysis: 6 Things Obama Needs To Do for Immigration Reform,”
http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/News/things-president-obama-immigration-reform/story?id=18103115, accessed: 1-2-13, LLL)

¶ On Sunday, President Barack … to follow through.¶  

Uniquely key to Democratic unity
Bolton, The Hill, 2-6-13
(Alexander, “Obama schmoozes Dems at retreat,” http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/281603-obama-schmoozes-dems, accessed 2-7-13, CMM)

President Obama launched a … a bipartisan piece of legislation.”  

_ Hirsh admits PC is real – proves our interpretation of Hirsh
Hirsh 1-10-13 Michael, Is Jack Lew A Friend to Wall Street? http://www.nationaljournal.com/whitehouse/is-jack-lew-a-friend-to-wall-street-20130110

More tellingly, Obama, by … deal, gun control, immigration reform.

Econ Decline = War
Studies prove
Royal, Department of Defense Cooperative threat reduction director, 10
Jedediah, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, p.213-4, TAP

Less intuitive is how periods of … and deserves more attention.

Their evidence doesn’t assume current geopolitics – prolonged economic decline causes multiple flashpoints for conflict
Auslin, resident scholar at AEI, and Lachman, resident fellow at AEI, 9
(Michael, and Desmond, 3-6-2009, “The Global Economy Unravels,”
http://www.aei.org/article/100187%29, accessed 9-29-11, CMM)

What do these trends … small explosions that coalesce into a big bang.

Instability escalates to nuclear war
Yee Prof Politics and IR ‘2, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 02 (Herbert Yee, and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002, “The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality,” p5)

The fourth factor … to its neighbours and the world.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Plan’s real unpopular – Congress wants to maintain oversight
Royster 12—Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law (Judith, Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures, 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91)

Discarding any approval …, must retain some sort of secretarial approval.

1nr
Framing issue – some groups may like the plan but others don’t – link outweighs the turn.
Whitman, CASEnergy Co-Chair, Former EPA Administrator and New Jersey Governor, 2012
Christine, 8-13-12, “Nuclear Power Garners Bipartisan Support” http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php?rss=1andutm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+njgroup-energy+%28Energy+%26+Environment+Experts~-~-Q+with+Answer+Previews%29#2237728, accessed 10-26-12, TAP

It’s clear from the … particularly challenging.

Plan sucks capital – removing oversight in TERA controversial
Miles, JD candidate at Oklahoma, ’05-06 Andrea S., NOTE: TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS: TOOLS FOR ACHIEVING ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY OR AN ABDICATION OF FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND TRUST RESPONSIBILITIES?30 Am. Indian L. Rev. 461, lexis

As with every piece of … development agreements. n23

Lack of oversight controversial
Miles, JD candidate at Oklahoma, ’05-06 Andrea S., NOTE: TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS: TOOLS FOR ACHIEVING ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY OR AN ABDICATION OF FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND TRUST RESPONSIBILITIES?30 Am. Indian L. Rev. 461, lexis

The provision contained in the … federal government. n66

Tournament: NU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard BS | Judge: Turner
1NC
Utterance is an inter-, and intra-, personal dialogue.  Our speech acts build on one another and create the situatedness of the individual in the whole of Being.  What we say now builds on what we have said and what we will say, shaping the potentiality of responsiveness.  It from this this contextual interconnectedness that the ethical emerges.  
Zappen, Missouri Communication Professor, no date James P., Mikhail Bakhtin, Forthcoming (with editorial revisions) in Twentieth-Century Rhetorics and Rhetoricians. Ed. Michael G. Moran and Michelle Ballif, http://homepages.rpi.edu/~zappenj/Publications/Texts/bakhtin.html

Bakhtin's early ethical work is … productive life of culture" (2). 

The affirmative’s speech acts emerges from and with prior speech acts.  The way that the here and now is understood cannot be decontextualized from the pre-existing meaning and communicative pathways that they have embarked upon.  Their failure to take account for the ethically revelatory nature of the whole discounts what they do here today.  

The utterance of the 1AC and its call to engage in a radical embrace of alterity (add explanation relative to the 1AC) is constrained by their utterances of the past and reveals their ethical positionality.  Specifically, we note the utterances of Harvard at the Dartmouth Round Robin, specifically Round 3 versus Northwestern, as antithetical to the utterances of today. In that debate Harvard advocated adoption of compensatory takings for wind rights and justified the plan with advantages based on the supreme value of pharmaceutical patent protection and corporate/investor rights to sue the state over regulatory action thru investment treaties.  These utterances stand is diametrically opposed to the speech acts of today.  They demonstrate a willingness to “play the game” in a moment of weakness – they embody a refusal to look into the sun at a key moment of opportunity.

It is our argument that willingness to embrace polemic exposes the ethicality of the affirmative and that you should vote negative against their verbalistic word play.
Zappen, Missouri Communication Professor, no date James P., Mikhail Bakhtin, Forthcoming (with editorial revisions) in Twentieth-Century Rhetorics and Rhetoricians. Ed. Michael G. Moran and Michelle Ballif, http://homepages.rpi.edu/~zappenj/Publications/Texts/bakhtin.html

In "Discourse in the Novel," … in contemporary cultural theory. 

1NR

Our argument is a pre-requisite to the AFF – their attempt to divorce themselves from the past makes the ethics of the 1AC an impossibility – this also answers his no impact arguments
Honeycutt, Iowa State English Professor, 94 Lee, What Hath Bakhtin Wrought? Toward a Unified Theory of Literature and Composition, http://www.public.iastate.edu/~honeyl/bakhtin/chap2c.html

By comparing this concept … future)" (Speech Genres 170).¶ 

This card is an answer to rationalism, which isn’t us
Honeycutt, Iowa State English Professor, 94 Lee, What Hath Bakhtin Wrought? Toward a Unified Theory of Literature and Composition, http://www.public.iastate.edu/~honeyl/bakhtin/chap2c.html

It is this "boundless dialogic …thinkers such as Derrida.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Immigration
1NC UQ
Immigration will pass – bipart momentum
Acierno, 3-7-13
(Gabrielle, “Why Comprehensive Immigration Reform Should Matter to Every American,” http://highbrowmagazine.com/2231-why-comprehensive-immigration-reform-should-matter-every-american, accessed: 3-8-13, LLL)

There is reason for activists to remain optimistic going into President Obama’s second term.
AND
who sacrificed so much to leave their homes and build this great nation.

2NC UQ
Will pass- it’s Obama’s top priority
Merca, CNN, 3-8-13
(Dan, “Obama pushes expedited timetable on immigration reform in meeting with faith leaders,” http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2013/03/08/obama-pushes-expedited-timetable-on-immigration-reform-in-meeting-with-faith-leaders/, accessed: 3-8-13, LLL)

President Barack Obama emphasized the need to get immigration reform accomplished this year in a
AND
president reiterated that support and laid out a timetable for the religious leaders.¶ 

Will pass- Obama is pushing and there is bipartisan support
Fabian, ABC News, 3-8-13
(Jordan, “Faith Leaders to Obama: "Time Is Now" for Immigration Reform,” http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/obama-talks-immigration-faith-leaders/story?id=18684791, accessed: 3-8-13, LLL)

President Obama on Friday met with over a dozen faith leaders at the White House
AND
said they want a bill to pass Congress as soon as this summer.¶
There is good progress being made
Crabtree, Washington Times, 3-8-13
(Susan, “Obama talks immigration with religious leaders,” http://www.washingtontimes.com/blog/inside-politics/2013/mar/8/obama-talks-immigration-religious-leaders/, accessed: 3-8-13, LLL)

Several prominent preachers and a diverse group of religious organizations met with President Obama and
AND
Senate is making “good progress” on proposing changes to the law.
 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T
1NC
A. Definition – the “United States Federal Government” is the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.
USA.gov, the U.S. government's official web portal, 9
(“U.S. Federal Government”, http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml, accessed 7-29-9)

U.S. Federal Government
Official information and …. government's branches.
And, “should” implies a call to action
Dictionary.com
("should." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House,
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should, accessed 9-9-9)

3. must; … do that.
Restrictions on production must mandate a decrease in the quantity produced
Anell 89
Chairman, WTO panel
 "To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the
CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such findings as will assist the CONTRACTING PARTIES in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in Article XXIII:2." 3. On 3 April 1989, the Council was informed that agreement had been reached on the following composition of the Panel (C/164): Composition Chairman: Mr. Lars E.R. Anell Members: Mr. Hugh W. Bartlett Mrs. Carmen Luz Guarda   CANADA - IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON ICE CREAM AND YOGHURT Report of the Panel adopted at the Forty-fifth Session of the CONTRACTING PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68)
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf

The United States argued that … be in the absence of all government measures.
B. Violation – the aff doesn’t defend an increase in US federal government’s incentives for energy or reduction in restrictions.
C. Fairness– 

1. Predictable ground – USFG action is critical to all negative strategies – there are an infinite amount of non-policy advocacies that are impossible to predict – USFG is key to all generic negative arguments.
   2. Aff conditionality- only a resolutionally-based plan prevents shifting advocacies- their framework allows aff vagueness, allowing the aff to become a moving target which destroys discussion, advocacy skills and fair ground.
   D. Impacts – 
2. Unpredictable or unfair debates preclude an informed discussion that rigorously tests the efficacy of their approach- this collapses civic deliberation because it prevents informed clash. This outweighs all other impacts - fairness is a prerequisite for voting for one team’s arguments or advocacy over the other’s - because we can’t test the truth-value of an argument or advocacy without rigorously testing it.
   2. Predictability is the key starting point for discussion
   Shively, former Texas AandM political science assistant professor, 2000
   Ruth, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, edited by Portis, Gundersen, and Shively, “Political Theory and the Postmodern Politics of Ambiguity,” 181-2

The requirements given … basic agreement or harmony.
3. Fairness is key to education- agreed fundamental rules are essential to prevent political debates from devolving into irresolvable ideological disputes- their framework guarantees resistance and hostility
Portis, Gunderson and Shively, Texas AandM political science professors, 2000
Edward Bryan, Adolf G., and Ruth Lessl, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, 2-3

By extension, partisan …alternative positions evaluated.
Decision-making—debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims
Steinberg, University of Miami Communication Studies lecturer, and Freeley, Boston-based criminal, personal injury and civil rights law attorney, 8
David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 45

Debate is a means of settling … outlined in the following discussion.

Debate’s crucial axis is a form of dialogic communication within a confined game space.
Unfettered affirmation outside the game space makes research impossible and destroys dialogue
Hanghoj, University of Southern Denmark Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies, 8
Thorkild, “Playful Knowledge”, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf,  accessed 10-25-12, AFB

Debate games are often …as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61).
4. Evaluating between policy options is key to real world education about possible reforms- their interpretation devastates learning about the real world.  The inherent vagueness of their broad advocacy statements and lack of analysis of mechanisms, actors and implementation destroy reciprocal and coherent deliberation about the merits of an idea- a resolutionally-based policy focus is key to rigorous testing of ideas.
5. Topical version

2NC – Technical Edu Key
. This is simplistic and ignores that debating the merits of proposals derives from the consequences of their implementation  - all neg ground is based on concrete proposals.
AND – this leads to a race to the bottom of the aff articulating non-debatable moral standards – fair debate is based on their application through specific policy proposals
Ignatieff, Harvard Carr Center for Human Rights Policy director and human rights practices professor, 04
Michael, The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, 20-21

As for moral perfectionism, this … might lead us to betray another.

Decisionmaking skills learned from debate over technical energy issues are key to actualizing political change
Hodson, University of Toronto Ontario Institute for Studies professor of education, 10
Derek, “Science Education as a Call to Action,” Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 197-206, accessed 10-7-12, AFB

The final (fourth) level of … the establishment of policy.

Note – SSI = socioscientific issues

2NC Devil in details
Absent specification of real-world implementation, they can’t meet substantial – the challenge is to make the change “real” – Implementation key – absent specifics, efficacy of reducing regulations is not certain, making their advocacy hollow rhetoric
Rep. Meehan, 11
Pat, R-PA, 1-26-11, States News Service, “CONGRESSMAN PAT MEEHAN REACTS TO STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS”, Lexis, AFB

The following information … to do "big things" will require tough choices."

Proposing the plan is the easy part – whether or not it solves relies on details
Stidvent, University of Texas business, government and society lecturer and former Department of Labor assistant secretary for policy, 12
Laura, 1-25-12, Jeremy Simon, States News Service, “FACULTY REACT TO STATE OF THE UNION”, Lexis, AFB

Regulation/Policy
As with all State of the Union … agencies, like the SEC.
Implementation is key – identifying the “hows” and the “whats” are crucial to informed and effective energy policymaking
Henderson, Harvard Business School Business and Environment Initiative director and professor and Newell, Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment Energy and Environmental Economics professor, 11
Rebecca M. and Richard G., Accelerating Energy Innovation: Insights from Multiple Sectors, edited by Rebecca M. Henderson, Richard G. Newell, p. 3-4, Google Books, accessed 10-21-12, AFB

But in innovation policy, the … in the case of energy.
2NC Limits Key to Creativity
Turn—limits are vital to creativity and innovation
Intrator, President of The Creative Organization, 11
(David, 10-24-11, “Want to be Creative? Think Inside the Box,” http://www.humanresourcesiq.com/effective-management-toolkit/articles/want-to-be-creative-think-inside-the-box/, accessed 3-17-12, CMM)

A persistent myth about … as you build your box. 

2NC AT Exclusion

4) Exclusion is inevitable- they don’t solve for their turns- err towards limits to sustain deliberation
Chantal Mouffe, University of Westminister Politics Prof, 1999 Race, Rheotric, and the postcolonial p 171-2

It's not that I'm opposed to … to democratic politics.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP
1NC
The United States Federal Government should amend Title V of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 by reinstating federal liability for Tribal Energy Resource Agreements. The United States Federal Government should ban nuclear research and testing and establish air quality improvement programs in areas formerly affected by nuclear testing in the United States.
Solves the whole case – takes out all of their internal links
Wind kills birds
Driessen, senior policy adviser for the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow,
8-6-12
(Paul, “DRIESSEN: Wind-energy tax credits fund bird murder,” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/aug/6/wind-energy-tax-credits-fund-bird-murder/?page=all#pagebreak, accessed 8-7-12, CMM)

Clean-energy devotees … of Congress should want that on his conscience.

2NC

The counterplan solves without linking to politics
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811

As an alternative, a second … over the status quo.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Electricity Prices

1NC

Electricity prices trending downward.
Burtraw, et al, electricity sector expert, 2012
Dallas, “Falling Emissions and Falling Prices: Expectations for the domestic natural gas boom” http://common-resources.org/2012/falling-emissions-and-falling-prices-expectations-for-the-domestic-natural-gas-boom/, accessed 1-15-13, TAP

Moreover, the boom in domestic …2009) in savings projected for 2020.
They increase prices
Bryce, Manhattan Institute senior fellow, 2012
Robert, “The High Cost of Renewable Energy Mandates” http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/eper_10.htm, accessed 1-15-13, TAP

Although supporters of renewable … state system of de facto carbon-reduction taxes.
That kills manufacturing
Perry, University of Michigan school of management economics professor, 7-31-12
Mark, “America's Energy Jackpot: Industrial Natural Gas Prices Fall to the Lowest Level in Recent History” http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2012/07/americas-energy-jackpot-industrial.html, accessed 12-28-12, TAP

Building petrochemical …, win situation to me.
Key to the economy
ESA, Economics and Statistics Administration of the US Department of Commerce, 12
(5-7-12, “The Benefits of Manufacturing Jobs,” http://www.esa.doc.gov/Reports/benefits-manufacturing-jobs, accessed 9-6-12, CMM)

Executive Summary¶ The role … in non-manufacturing jobs, a 17 percent premium.
Great power war
Lind, New America Foundation Economic Growth Program Policy Director, 5/11/2010
Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv

If history is any guide, an era of … all too easy to imagine.

1NR

Natural gas is keeping prices low – this answers all their non-uniques.
EIA, 1-8-13
US Energy Information Administration, “Short-term Energy Outlook” http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/report/electricity.cfm, accessed 1-15-13, TAP

EIA expects total … by 2.6 percent in 2014.

Electricity prices will remain low.
Szablya, Energate Inc marketing and product management vice president, 12-27-12
Louis, “10 home energy management trends for 2013” http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/publish/Technologies_Demand_Response/10-home-energy-management-trends-for-2013-5384.html/#.UPdUWSe_GSp, accessed 1-16-13, TAP

1. Base electricity prices … and sales of electric vehicles.

2NR – AT: Coal Collapse
Doesn’t jack electricity prices – this is just an assertion
Fitzsimmons, Media Matters for America, 12
(Jill, 4-2-12, “Economists Debunk Media Fearmongering About New EPA Rule,” http://mediamatters.org/research/2012/04/02/economists-debunk-media-fearmongering-about-new/185075, accessed 2-20-13, CMM)

Analysts Say New EPA … electricity prices. Email to Media Matters, 4/2/12

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
*Case*

1NC
Aff doesn’t spillover – they need to make specific claims as to how they overcome all the problems faced by Native in the status quo – affirming a vision of the topic doesn’t meet that burden
First – Small-scale renewables solve and are affordable for tribes
Kronk, JD from University of Michigan School of Law, Assistant Professor of Law at University of Montana School of Law, Chief Judge at the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians Court of Appeals, 10
(Elizabeth Ann, “ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY: LIGHTING THE WAY FOR THE SEVENTH GENERATION,” Idaho Law Review, lexis, accessed: 3-4-13, LLL)

Not only do alternative … Environmental Policy Act imposes on larger projects. 

Second – DOE procurement solves the case and boosts tribal ownership- outside investment isn’t necessary
DOE, 12
(12-5-12, “Energy Department Issues Tribal Renewable Energy Purchase Guidance and Project Development Resources,” http://energy.gov/articles/energy-department-issues-tribal-renewable-energy-purchase-guidance-and-project-development, accessed: 3-4-13, LLL)

At the White House Tribal … preference guidance HERE.
Nuclear power is globally unsustainable
Banks, Nonresident Fellow, Foreign Policy, Energy Security Initiative, Brookings Institution, and Massy, Associate Fellow, Energy Security Initiative, 12-16-12
(John, Kevin, “Nuclear Power in Developing Countries? Let's Talk about It,” http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/12/16-nuclear-energy-banks-massy?rssid=energy+and+environmentandutm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=emailandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+BrookingsRSS%2Ftopics%2Fenergyandenvironment+%28Brookings+Topics+-+Energy+and+Environment%29, accessed 12-21-12, CMM)

The International Energy … programs will be compromised.

Use consequences
Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 2002
(Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32)

Power is not a dirty … political effectiveness.
They can’t win an extinction claim
Joshua Goldstein, American University International Relations Professor, 2001, “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412

I began this book hoping to … to be empirically inadequate.
Utilitarianism precludes any other framework for evaluations, life comes first.
Schell, 2000 (policy analyst and proliferation expert, Jonathan, “The Fate of the Earth”, p. 94-5 *This card has been gender-modified)

To say that human extinction …. We are in deep ignorance.
Noble savage imagery papers over tribal differences – destroys any positive effect of their epistemology.
Ellingson, University of Washington professor, 2001
Terry, “The Myth of the Noble Savage” http://books.google.com/books?id=nqE3IhkeWToCandpg=PA355andlpg=PA355anddq=the+ecologically+noble+savage+revisitedandsource=blandots=RkGmQdBpOdandsig=Bj8Fbe8r2GEu3LsfoXdu1IAxIesandhl=enandsa=Xandei=Q7hoUJ3ODMP40gHb0oGgCQandved=0CBwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepageandq=the%20ecologically%20noble%20savage%20revisitedandf=false, p.357, accessed 9-30-12, TAP

Even to a nonspecialist, … is trying to break. (1944: xiv)
Knowledge is not monolithic – it always has the ability to be refuted.
Farber, Univeristy of Michigan PHD, and Sherry, Vanderbilt University JD, 1997
Daniel and Suzanna, “Beyond All Reason: A radical Assault on Truth in American Law” http://www.amazon.com/Beyond-All-Reason-Radical-American/dp/0195107179, p.27, accessed 9-30-12, TAP

At least since the Enlightenment, … idiosyncrasy, fiat, or careless investigation. 

Scholarship is self-correcting – Western thought can be challenged – wholesale rejection isn’t productive.
Lewis, Princeton University Near Eastern studies professor, 2000
Bernard, “The Question of Orientalism” within the volume Orientalism: A Reader by Alexander Macfie, google books, p.267-8, accessed 3-25-12, TAP

The critique of Orientalism … working in the same field.

Growth sustainable
Kurzweil 08 (Ray, Scientist, Inventor and Entrepreneur inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame and winner of the 1999 National Medal of Technology, Washington Post, “Making the World A Billion Times Better”, 4-13, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/11/AR2008041103326.html)

MIT was so advanced in … look brighter exponentially.
Transition wars
Barnhizer, Cleveland State University Law Professor, 6  
(David R. Barnhizer, “Waking from Sustainability's "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 18 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 595, lexis, accessed 7-4-12, CMM)

The scale of social needs, … of our behavior.
Can’t overcome human nature
Matthey, Research Associate, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, 10
(Astrid, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, Jena, Germany,  “Less is more: the influence of aspirations and priming on well-being,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 18, Issue 6, April 2010, Pages 525-530, Science Direct, accessed 12-21-11, CMM)

Matthey 10 conducts a …increasing consumption.
1NR VTL Inevitable
VTL inev
Schwartz, Glasow philosophy professor and M.D. , 2003,
(Lisa, “The Value to Life: Who Decides and How?” www.fleshandbones/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf accessed 9/4/9)

The second assertion made … and not by others.
1NR Impact calc
calculation does not lead to totalitarianism – it may be necessary but is not sufficient
Bronner, Rutgers University political science professor, 04
Stephen Eric, Reclaiming the Enlightenment, CIAO, 112-113 

Whatever the theoretical … a “power-protected inwardness.”
Structural violence doesn’t escalate – they essentialize degrees of violence, systems of violence are not causal to international war
Hinde and Pulkkinnen, Cambridge psychology professor and University of Jyväskylä psychology professor, 2000
Robert and Lea,  DRAFT Background Paper for Working Group 1: HUMAN AGGRESSIVENESS AND WAR, 50th Pugwash Conference On Science and World Affairs: "Eliminating the Causes of War" Queens' College, Cambridge , UK, 3-8 August http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG1draft1.htm

People are capable of … remain largely unexplored.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

We affirm the a criticism of the qualitative restrictions on solar power which constrain the transition to democratic control and ownership over energy production

Solves the whole case – avoids the birds DA

Wind kills birds

Driessen, senior policy adviser for the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, 
8-6-12
(Paul, "DRIESSEN: Wind-energy tax credits fund bird murder," http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/aug/6/wind-energy-tax-credits-fund-bird-murder/?page=all~~%23pagebreak, accessed 8-7-12, CMM)

Clean-energy devotees … should want that on his conscience.

Extinction

Tonn, University of Tennessee political science professor, 7
(Bruce E., 11-7, Futures, "Futures sustainability", SECTION: Pg. 1097 Vol. 39 No. 9 ISSN: 0016-3287, Lexis)

The first principle is the … must be protected.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Russian natural gas revenue is rebounding

Seeking Alpha, 12-12-12
("Why Gazprom is a Steal," seekingalpha.com/article/1059311-why-gazprom-is-a-steal, accessed 1-19-13, CMM)

Harry Beck wrote a good … largest enterprise.

Renewables drive out gas

Curtis, The Guardian, 2011
~[Polly, 11-21-11, "Do windfarms work?" http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2011/nov/21/prince-philip-windfarms-useless~%23block-7-http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2011/nov/21/prince-philip-windfarms-useless, accessed 9-12-12, TAP~]

Damian has also … fossil fuel rivals.
*Damian – Damian Carrington, the head of environment for the Guardian

That collapses Russia’s economy

TUCKER, Assistant Director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin, 1-9-13
(Aviezer, "The New Power Map," http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138597/aviezer-tucker/the-new-power-map?page=show, accessed 1-13-13, CMM)

Until recently, … a 66 percent profit margin.)

Russian decline goes nuclear

Filger, founder of GlobalEconomicCrisis.com, 9
(Sheldon, 5-10-09, "Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html, accessed 5-9-11, CMM)

In Russia, historically, … dangerous consequence.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Use consequences

Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 2002
(Jeffrey C. "Ends, Means, and Politics," Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32)

Power is not a dirty word … political effectiveness. 

They can’t win an extinction claim

Joshua Goldstein, American University International Relations Professor, 2001, "War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa," p.411-412

I began this book … to be empirically inadequate.

Utilitarianism precludes any other framework for evaluations, life comes first.

Schell, 2000 (policy analyst and proliferation expert, Jonathan, "The Fate of the Earth", p. 94-5 *This card has been gender-modified)

To say that human … in deep ignorance.

Cap is key to the environment and turns their poverty args

Norberg, senior fellow at CATO institute 03 (Johan, Senior Fellow at Cato Institute, In Defense of Global Capitalism, pg 224)

Although multinational … begin to rectify past mistakes.

Their root cause arguments are out of date – we have to keep innovating

Atkisson, President and CEO of environmental sustainability group, ’1
(Alan, The Atkisson Group, international sustainability group that advises governments and corporations, "Sustainability is Dead – Long Live Sustainability," 10-18-01, http://www.rrcap.unep.org/uneptg06/course/Robert/SustainabilityManifesto2001.pdf-http://www.rrcap.unep.org/uneptg06/course/Robert/SustainabilityManifesto2001.pdf, accessed 9-10-10) PM

Our economies and … with their inevitable collapse.

Cap solves war, violence, and their systemic impacts

Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr., Mises Institute president, 2002, "Why They Attack Capitalism," (http://www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=418%26sortorder=articledate-http://www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=418%26sortorder=articledate," accessed 9-4-9)

If you think about it, … the very foundations of civilization itself. 

Growth sustainable

Kurzweil 08 (Ray, Scientist, Inventor and Entrepreneur inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame and winner of the 1999 National Medal of Technology, Washington Post, "Making the World A Billion Times Better", 4-13, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/11/AR2008041103326.html-http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/11/AR2008041103326.html)

MIT was so advanced in … look brighter exponentially.

Trends prove

Ellis, Associate Professor, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 12
(Erle, Winter, "The Planet of No Return," http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/journal/past-issues/issue-2/the-planet-of-no-return/, accessed 12-18-12, CMM)

Over the last several … transforming the planet.

Development self-corrects and saves the environment – ag proves

Ellis, Associate Professor, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 12
(Erle, Winter, "The Planet of No Return," http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/journal/past-issues/issue-2/the-planet-of-no-return/, accessed 12-18-12, CMM)

3. While human societies … and other desirable species.41

Transition wars

Barnhizer, Cleveland State University Law Professor, 6  
(David R. Barnhizer, "Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 18 Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev. 595, lexis, accessed 7-4-12, CMM)

The scale of social needs, …of our behavior.

Can’t overcome human nature

Matthey, Research Associate, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, 10
(Astrid, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, Jena, Germany,  "Less is more: the influence of aspirations and priming on well-being," Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 18, Issue 6, April 2010, Pages 525-530, Science Direct, accessed 12-21-11, CMM)

Matthey ~[10~] conducts a simple … growth and increasing consumption.

No mindset shift – public polling proves – pragmatic options like the plan are key to solve

Stepp, Senior Policy Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 11-6-12
(Matthew, "Don’t Leave Our Clean Energy Choices Up to Environmentalists," http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/dont-leave-our-clean-energy-choices-up-to-environmentalists/, accessed 12-21-12, CMM)

Extreme weather has … who can afford them.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Same as rd 2

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NR – Decentralization Inev

Energy decentralization and democratization is inevitable – squo solves the aff

Roberts, Grist, 2-25-13 (David, "The next big thing in energy: Decentralization," http://grist.org/climate-energy/the-next-big-thing-in-energy-decentralization/, accessed 3-1-13, CMM)

The smart energy analysts over … seem hidebound and dismal.

1NR AT: Discourse

Reps not first

Tuathail, Department of Geography at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 96 (Gearoid Tuathail, Department of Geography at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), 664 )

While theoretical debates at … that is  human history.

1NR AT: Structural violence

Structural violence doesn’t escalate – they essentialize degrees of violence, systems of violence are not causal to international war

Hinde and Pulkkinnen, Cambridge psychology professor and University of Jyväskylä psychology professor, 2000
~[Robert and Lea, htm-http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG1draft1.htm]]~]

People are capable of perpetrating the … remain largely unexplored.

1NR – AT: We’re Neolib, Not Cap

Oh but it is

Williams – 5, prof @ George Mason University in Fairfax, Va., and is currently the John M. Olin Distinguished Professor of Economics (Walter E., February 16, "Do Corporations Have Social Responsibility?" - http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?id=4137)

Only people, not businesses, … attacks and extortion. 

1NR – No Mindset Shift

Alt fails – conditioning

Matthey, Research Associate, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, 10
(Astrid, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, Jena, Germany,  "Less is more: the influence of aspirations and priming on well-being," Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 18, Issue 6, April 2010, Pages 525-530, Science Direct, accessed 12-21-11, CMM)

After many years of … depends on rapid economic growth ~[3~].

Consumption inevitable – aspirations

Matthey, Research Associate, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, 10
(Astrid, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, Jena, Germany,  "Less is more: the influence of aspirations and priming on well-being," Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 18, Issue 6, April 2010, Pages 525-530, Science Direct, accessed 12-21-11, CMM)

The first experiment … to strong feelings of loss and find little support.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC
Obama will get Trade Promotion Authority now – PC is key
Palmer, Reuters, 3-1-13
(Doug, “White House says it will seek "fast-track" trade authority,” http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-03-01/news/sns-rt-us-obama-tradebre9200pk-20130301_1_trans-pacific-partnership-trade-promotion-authority-trade-talks, accessed 3-6-13, CMM)

Both Camp and Senate … an expanding list of trade initiatives.
IFRs trigger a huge backlash – prolif, costs, and fossil fuel industry backlash
Elias, Syndicated Political Columnist, 8
(Thomas, "An energy solution that’s worth another look", San Gabriel Valley Tribune, October 3 2008, Lexis, accessed 11-4-12, CMM)

THERE may be a … can be accessed at http://www.nationalcenter.org/NPA378.html .
TPA is key US trade leadership
James, trade analyst at the Cato Institute, 11
(Sallie, 11-17-11, “UNWISE TO PIN MUCH HOPE ON AMERICA IN GLOBAL FREE TRADE,” lexis, accessed 3-6-13, CMM)

IS the media so starved of … US -- and the world -- has known.
US leadership solves great power war
Panitchpakdi, Secretary-General of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2/26/2004
Supachai, former Director-General of the WTO, "To Director General American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative? ," http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spsp_e/spsp22_e.htm
 Supachai, "To Director General American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative? ," http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spsp_e/spsp22_e.htm 

I can sum up my message … a more just world.  

1NR
Nuclear war causes extinction – independently collapses the ozone
Starr, Physicians for Social Responsibility Senior Scientist, Buletin of Atomic Scientists, Fall 2008
Steven, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2008/10/10_starr_high_alert.pdf, 10/22

General knowledge of … nuclear environmental treaty. 

Will pass – bipartisan support – Obama push key
Palmer, Reuters, 3-19-13
(Doug, “Momentum builds for "fast track" trade legislation,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/19/us-usa-congress-trade-idUSBRE92I0QW20130319, accessed 3-27-13, CMM)

Senate Finance Committee … agreements for U.S. job losses.
Will pass – the administration’s pushing – USTR proves
Inside U.S. Trade, 3-22-13
(“MARANTIS SAYS ADMINISTRATION READY TO WORK WITH CONGRESS ON FAST TRACK,” lexis, accessed 3-25-13, CMM)

Acting U.S. Trade Representative …trade agenda moving forward."
Congress focusing on TPA now – it’s the top priority– even if other things are coming up, Congress will bring the focus back to trade – prefer this evidence – it quantifies the priorities and concludes neg
Inside US Trade, 2-15-13
(“WAYS AND MEANS SIGNALS MORE FOCUS ON TRADE THAN ON TAX, HEALTH ISSUES,” lexis, accessed 3-6-13, CMM)

The House Ways and Means … approach in the talks.
Obama won’t get involved in immigration – he has given it entirely to Congress
AP, 3-28-13
(“Obama 'confident' immigration bill could pass by summer,” http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/28/obama-says-immigration-bill-could-pass-by-summer/#ixzz2P0uv0VTH, accessed: 3-29-13, LLL)

While overhauling the nation's … two-week recess the week of April 8.
Issues don’t cost capital until they reach the finish line.
Drum, Mother Jones Political Blogger, 2010,
(Kevin, "Immigration Coming Off the Back Burner?", Mother Jones, 3-30, PAS) motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2010/03/immigration-coming-back-burner 9-29-11 

Not to pick on Ezra or … But they will be soon.
First – is the labor link – plan alienates mining constituencies and other energy jobs because they fear tradeoff – they’ll fight to the death because they fear their jobs
Martinson, Politico, 1-29-13
(Erica, “Coal miners see progress ahead in Congress, Courts,” http://www.politico.com/story/2013/01/coal-miners-see-progress-ahead-in-congress-courts-86833.html, accessed 1-30-13, CMM)

The mining industry is optimistic … doubling of exports.
Their jobs link turn is wrong – nuclear doesn’t create enough jobs for people to fight for it – proves the backlash will overwhelm
Tucker, editor-at-large at Nuclear Townhall, 8-16-12
(William, “WILLIAM TUCKER: Nuclear’s Problem — Too Much Energy, Not Enough Jobs,”
http://www.nucleartownhall.com/blog/william-tucker-nuclear%E2%80%99s-problem-%E2%80%94-too-much-energy-not-enough-jobs/, accessed 8-17-12, CMM)

Mitt Romney has kicked off …  It is only good at producing energy.  
He’s gotta get involved for the plan to pass
Izadi, National Journal, 12
(Elahe, 8-29-12, "Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829, accessed 11-8-12, CMM)

In a climate where … is there.… The middle is gone.”
efore.

2NR
Obama’s pushing TPA – committee hearing
Abrams, AP, 3-11-13
(Jim, “Congress wants role as Obama pushes trade agenda,” lexis, accessed 3-25-13, CMM)

The Obama administration …-opening negotiating efforts."

Acting USTR solves – this ev assumes changes that their evidence doesn’t
Fatka, Feedstuffs, 3-20-13
(Jacqui, “USTR voices support for Trade Promotion Authority,” http://feedstuffs.com/story-ustr-voices-support-trade-promotion-authority-45-96288, accessed 3-28-13, CMM)

In one of his first responsibilities … trade legislation," Baucus said.