Tournament: GGSO | Round: 1 | Opponent: SFSU AK | Judge: Skiles

Nuclear power is globally expanding and is catching on in the U.S.
WNA 11 (World Nuclear Association, The Nuclear Renaissance  , August 2011, http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf104.html) JD
Since about 2001 there has …  power in places such as North America.
Nuclear power is critical to creating jobs here at home and to maintain our economy.

NAM 08 (National Association of Manufacturers, Expanding Nuclear Capacity Will Create High-Wage Jobs, Says NAM, Jun. 17, 2008, http://news.thomasnet.com/companystory/545823)
The National Association of Manufacturers … good jobs here at home,” Engler concluded. 

The U.S. economy is key to the world economy.
Mead 04, Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, 2004 (Walter Russell Mead, Foreign Policy, 4/1/04 pg. Lexis)
Similarly, in the last 60 years … U.S. economic might is sticky power.
Economic decline causes nuclear war

O’Donnell 9 (Sean Squad Leader in the Marine Corps Reserve and is currently a graduate student at the University of Baltimore studying law and ethics, Examiner.com, Will this recession lead to World War III?, February 26, 2009, http://www.examiner.com/republican-in-baltimore/will-this-recession-lead-to-world-war-iii, MS)

One of the causes of …  However sometimes history repeats itself.

Tournament: GGSO | Round: 1 | Opponent: SFSU AK | Judge: Skiles
Obama winning now: post-convention swing-state surge
Silver 9-13-11 Nate Silver, NYT, "Sept 13: After convention bounce, holding Obama’s polls to a higher standard" 9/14 com/
On Thursday at 6:30 p.m. Eastern time…. ought to quite strong for him.

Solyndra secures undecided, disillusioned voters for Romney
Restuccia et al., 9-6
Andrew Restuccia, Darren Samuelsohn, Darren Goode, staff writer, Politico.com, “Who wins Solyndra message war?” lexis
Meanwhile, evidence is scant on how much … essentially flushed down the toilet."\
 

Independent voters are the largest voting bloc —- spending kills support
Schoen 12 Douglas Schoen, pollster for President Clinton, 2-8-2012, The Forgotten Swing Voter, Politico, p. http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=7ED8592F-2122-4A55-AA3B-C5460134BE4A

Neither party focuses on issues that matter …  four more years of the same gridlock.
 

A Romney victory ensures a strike against Iran

White 7-3-12 (Jeremy B., International Business Times – National Affairs Reporter, 7-3-2012, International Business Times, Romney Foreign Policy: A ‘Replay of the Bush Administration’?, http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/359154/20120703/romney-full-scale-crisis-russia-iran-syria.htm)

A President Romney would … has that capacity now.
 

Global Nuclear War
Hirsch 6 (Jorge, professor of Physics at the University of California at San Diego, 4-22-2006, Centre for Research on Globalization, Nuking Iran, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticleandcode=HIR20060422andarticleId=2317, accessed 7-5-2012, JKE)

JH: Iran is likely to respond … before anybody has prevailed.

Tournament: GGSO | Round: 1 | Opponent: SFSU AK | Judge: Skiles
The United States Department of the treasury should issue a guidance document stating (insert specific incentive area of plan) including offering an Investment Tax Credit for (insert area of the plan).

The department of the treasury can issue guidance documents
Clinton Administration 93 (The President of the United States,  “Executive Order 12866” , September 30, 1993, http://www.plainlanguage.gov/populartopics/regulations/eo12866.pdf)
With this Executive order, … requires another regulatory approach.

Investment tax credits solve for wind energy production
DSIRE 11 (Database of State Incentives of Renewables and Efficiency,  the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE) is an ongoing project of the North Carolina Solar Center and the Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC), Inc. It is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency , November 18, 2011 http://www.dsireusa.org/incentives/incentive.cfm?Incentive_Code=US02F)

Small Wind Turbines.* The credit … for small wind turbines.)
Regulations are established by congress – agencies can make internal modifications that avoid political blame
Schillaci 2007 William C. author of the book Most Misunderstood Regs March 27, “Reining in Guidance Documents” http://enviro.blr.com/whitepapers/ehs-management/epa-environmental-protection-agency/reining-in-guidance-documents/
"The phenomenon we see in this case is … the Code of Federal Regulations."

Tournament: GGSO | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sac State GM | Judge: Manuel
A. There is no such thing as Nature. The aff ecocriticism operates on a backdrop that thinks the environment as separate from humanity.  The result is a fundamentally violent ideology.
Morton 10 (Timothy Morton, Professor of Literature and ecology, Romantic-period literature, and literary theory at UC Davis, “Guest column: queer ecology” Published in PMLA, the journal of the Modern Language Association of America. V 125.2, p. 274-275 )
Unfortunately, a great deal of ecocriticism  … engaging with these qualities.

B. Difference is everywhere and can only be grappled with relationally. We should embrace the strangeness of the other as irreducible – only the kritik can deal with existence itself. We will need to let the 1ac die in order to save the whole of life.
Morton 10 (Timothy Morton, Professor of Literature and ecology, Romantic-period literature, and literary theory at UC Davis, “Guest column: queer ecology” Published in PMLA, the journal of the Modern Language Association of America. V 125.2, p.  277-278)
Queer ecology may abandon … but not as we know it. 

C. The environmentalism of the aff has laden with eugenics. The K is an urgent intervention into the problematic assumptions of the aff.
Hogan.2010. Chair: Women's Studies Program¶ Professor, English¶ PhD: Rutgers University, New Brunswick.Katie.2010.Undoing Nature: Coalition Building as Queer Environmentalism. Queer Ecologies: Sex, Nature, Politics, Desire. Edited by Mortimer-Sandilands and Erikson. Pp 230-253.SC
The numerous historical examples of …. aids enormously in this critical project.

D. We must reject the dualistic thinking of nature as pure or dirty and embrace a new ontology of transnatural ethics.
Krupar 12 (Dr. Shiloh R. Krupar, Ph.D. in Cultural Geography from the University of California at Berkeley, Assistant professor, Georgetown University, writing in “Cultural Geographies”, 19 (3), pp 303-327. “Transnatural ethics: revisiting the nuclear cleanup of Rocky Flats, CO, through the queer ecology of Nuclia Waste”) sbb
To delineate transnatural ethical … environmental subjectivities and coalitions.

Tournament: GGSO | Round: 3 | Opponent: SouCou MU | Judge:
The United States Environmental Protection Agency should issue a guidance stating (insert relevant deregulation from the plan).

Energy policy guidance documents are enforced
Nelson 2011 Gabriel March 23, Greenwire “Bush's Rulemaking Czar Blasts EPA's Use of 'Guidance'” New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2011/03/23/23greenwire-bushs-rulemaking-czar-blasts-epas-use-of-guida-47538.html?pagewanted=all
"The whole idea of … as binding," Walton wrote (EandENews PM, Jan. 18).

Guidance documents avoid politics- especially true in divided government
Raso 2010 Connor N. J.D., Yale Law School expected 2010; Ph.D., Stanford University Department of Political Science expected 2010 “Note: Strategic or Sincere? Analyzing Agency Use of Guidance Documents” The Yale Law Journal January, 119 Yale L.J. 782
Agency leaders facing a … please both of its superiors.

Guidance documents have a practical legal effect despite not being actual rules
Hunnicutt 1999 James JD – Boston College Law School “NOTE: Another Reason to Reform the Federal Regulatory System: Agencies' Treating Nonlegislative Rules as Binding Law” Boston College Law Review December, 41 B.C. L. Rev 153
Rules created without process … up on the appeals process. 156

Tournament: GGSO | Round: 3 | Opponent: SouCol MU | Judge:
The call for increase energy production is nothing more than a smoke screen for the Affirmative to engage in environmental racism
Bullard 8 (Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html BGB

The United States is the … to countries in the South.

And the US energy and environmental policies are historically grounding in whiteness and are utilized as an institutionalized form of racism to bolster the exploitation of land, people and the natural environment

Bullard 8 (Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html BGB

Environmental racism is a form of … environmental impacts on blacks.

Alternative
We must reject the rhetoric of environmental racism of energy policies and unmask the neutrality of race and class by embracing a paradigm of environmental justice

Sze 07

(Dr. Julie Sze, professor of American Studies and Director of the Environmental Justice Program at the John Muir Institute for the Environment, UC Davis, “Noxious New York”, ISBN 0-262-19554-2 pg 150-151) sbb

Given the history and the large … and they raised new social issues” (209).
Seeking justice for this environmental racism is critical to preventing global collapse
Byrant 95 (Bunyan, Professor in the school of Natural Resources and Environment, and an adjunt professor in the center for Afro-American and African studies at the University of Michigan, “Environmental Justice: Issues, Policies, and Solutions, p.209-212, MV) 

The cooperative relations forged after … least have that as a goal.

We must embrace framework of environmental justice
Bullard et al 05

(Dr. Robert D. Bullard, pre-eminent source on environmental justice, the Edmund Asa Ware Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University, “The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution” ISBN-10: 1578051207) sbb / og

The question of environmental justice … by removing lead from houses).

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Poly CF | Judge: Michael Ely

Obama winning now: post-convention swing-state surge

Silver 9-13-11 Nate Silver, NYT, "Sept 13: After convention bounce, holding Obama’s polls to a higher standard" 9/14 com/

On Thursday at 6:30 p.m. Eastern time, there was
AND
. But the consensus of the data ought to quite strong for him.

Link – Obama has to maintain his strong stance on China in order to win.

LA Times 12

(Jan 26, 2012, Don Lee and David Pierson, "Obama signals tougher stance on China trade practices" http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/26/business/la-fi-obama-china-20120126-http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/26/business/la-fi-obama-china-20120126) sbb

In pledging to lure offshore jobs back to the U.S. and target
AND
the kinds of global competitive challenges that the U.S. faces. 

Independent voters are the largest voting bloc —- spending kills support

Schoen 12 Douglas Schoen, pollster for President Clinton, 2-8-2012, The Forgotten Swing Voter, Politico, p. http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=7ED8592F-2122-4A55-AA3B-C5460134BE4A-http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=7ED8592F-2122-4A55-AA3B-C5460134BE4A

Neither party focuses on issues that matter most to people: reviving the economy,
AND
their concerns will almost certainly promise four more years of the same gridlock.
 

A Romney victory ensures a strike against Iran

White 7-3-12 (Jeremy B., International Business Times – National Affairs Reporter, 7-3-2012, International Business Times, Romney Foreign Policy: A ’Replay of the Bush Administration’?, http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/359154/20120703/romney-full-scale-crisis-russia-iran-syria.htm-http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/359154/20120703/romney-full-scale-crisis-russia-iran-syria.htm)

A President Romney would have less hesitation about attacking Iran’s nuclear facilities. In response
AND
a special authorization for military force. The President has that capacity now.
 

Global Nuclear War

Hirsch 6 (Jorge, professor of Physics at the University of California at San Diego, 4-22-2006, Centre for Research on Globalization, Nuking Iran, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticleandcode=HIR20060422andarticleId=2317, accessed 7-5-2012, JKE)

JH: Iran is likely to respond to any US attack using its considerable missile
AND
next global conflict we will all be gone before anybody has prevailed.

The United States Department of the treasury should issue a guidance document stating  (insert specific incentive area of plan).

The department of the treasury can issue guidance documents

Clinton Administration 93 (The President of the United States,  "Executive Order 12866" , September 30, 1993, http://www.plainlanguage.gov/populartopics/regulations/eo12866.pdf)**

With this Executive order, the Federal Government begins a program to reform and make
AND
distributive impacts; and equity), unless a statute requires another regulatory approach.

Regulations are established by congress – agencies can make internal modifications that avoid political blame

Schillaci 2007 ~William C. author of the book Most Misunderstood Regs March 27, "Reining in Guidance Documents" http://enviro.blr.com/whitepapers/ehs-management/epa-environmental-protection-agency/reining-in-guidance-documents/~~
"The phenomenon we see in this case is familiar. Congress passes a broadly
AND
and without publication in the Federal Register or the Code of Federal Regulations."

The call for increase energy production is nothing more than a smoke screen for the Affirmative to engage in environmental racism

Bullard 8 (Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, "POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES" http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html ~BGB~

The United States is the dominant economic and military force in the world today.
AND
the countries in the North while shifting costs to countries in the South.

And the US energy and environmental policies are historically grounding in whiteness and are utilized as an institutionalized form of racism to bolster the exploitation of land, people and the natural environment

Bullard 8 (Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, "POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES" http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html ~BGB~

Environmental racism is a form of institutionalized discrimination. Institutional discrimination is defined as "
AND
majority. American and South African apartheid had devastating environmental impacts on blacks.

Furthermore continued expansion of energy production perpetuates the internal and external colonization of indigenous people and people of color rendering them as nothing more than a mode of production maintain economic dependency of the colonized

Bullard 8 (Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, "POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES" http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html ~BGB~

Environmental racism also operates in the international arena between nations and between transnational corporations.
AND
schools, chronic unemployment, high poverty, and overloaded health care systems.
 

Alternative

We must reject the rhetoric of environmental racism of energy policies and unmask the neutrality of race and class by embracing a paradigm of environmental justice

Sze 07

(Dr. Julie Sze, professor of American Studies and Director of the Environmental Justice Program at the John Muir Institute for the Environment, UC Davis, "Noxious New York", ISBN 0-262-19554-2 pg 150-151) sbb

Given the history and the large scope of energy and electricity development, along with
AND
based on energy abundance and they raised new social issues" (209).

Seeking justice for this environmental racism is critical to preventing global collapse

Byrant 95 (Bunyan, Professor in the school of Natural Resources and Environment, and an adjunt professor in the center for Afro-American and African studies at the University of Michigan, "Environmental Justice: Issues, Policies, and Solutions, p.209-212, MV) 

The cooperative relations forged after World War II are now obsolete. New cooperative relations
AND
from the production cycle, we should at least have that as a goal

We must embrace framework of environmental justice

Bullard et al 05

(Dr. Robert D. Bullard, pre-eminent source on environmental justice, the Edmund Asa Ware Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University, "The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution" ISBN-10: 1578051207) sbb / og

The question of environmental justice is not anchored in a debate about whether decision makers
AND
) to prevention (elimination of the threat by removing lead from houses).

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Poly CW | Judge: Michael Ely

Specific link to the K – they manufacture solar panels in China. Chinese labor malpractices are widespread and getting worse – worker abuse, loss of fingers, poisons.

NYT 2008 (David Barboza, writing for the New York Times, "In Chinese Factories, Lost Fingers and Low Pay"  January 5, 2008 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/05/business/worldbusiness/05sweatshop.html?_r=0%26pagewanted=print-http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/05/business/worldbusiness/05sweatshop.html?_r=0%26pagewanted=print) sbb

Nearly a decade after some of the most powerful companies in the world — often
AND
Minimum wage in this part of China is about 55 cents an hour.)

Only environmental justice movements can solve – the grassroots movement is the impetus for change.

Bullard et al 05

(Dr. Robert D. Bullard, pre-eminent source on environmental justice, the Edmund Asa Ware Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University, "The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution" ISBN-10: 1578051207) sbb / og

Change in the dominant environmental protection paradigm did not come from an effort made by
AND
brought attention to how these things interact with the physical and natural world.

Environmental movement isn’t enough, must be environmental justice. Compare to 2nd vs. 3rd wave fem.

Bullard et al 05

(Dr. Robert D. Bullard, pre-eminent source on environmental justice, the Edmund Asa Ware Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University, "The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution" ISBN-10: 1578051207) sbb / og

In addition, urban dwellers increasingly are people of color who define environment and environmental
AND
, as government and environmentalists react to social concerns about the deteriorating environment.

Dirty Solar Disad

US pollution is on the decline and air quality is improving now

UPI 2012 (United Press International, May 2, 2012, "EPA Sees Better US Air Quality," http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2012/05/02/EPA-sees-better-US-air-quality/UPI-14811335961759/)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that air quality in the United
AND
quality standards, which it said reflected a steady improvement in air quality.

The process of making solar panels increases air pollution.

De Decker 08 (Kris, 3 March 2008, Low-tech Magazine Contributor, "The ugly side of solar panels," http://www.energybulletin.net/authors/Kris+De+Decker-http://www.energybulletin.net/authors/Kris+De+Decker, d/a 8-2-12, ads)
Producing electricity from solar cells reduces air pollutants and greenhouse gases by about 90 percent
AND
brings about more air pollution, heavy metal emissions and also greenhouse gases.

Extinction

Driesen 2003 (David Driesen, Associate Professor at Syracuse University Law, 10 Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, Fall/Spring, Lexis)
Air pollution can make life unsustainable by harming the ecosystem upon which all life depends
AND
health and the environment, air quality implicates both of these concerns. 5

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Poly CF | Judge: Michael Ely

Romney will reject Taliban peace talks —- that undermines Afghanistan stability.

Crowley, 4/18/2012 (Michael – senior correspondent at TIME Magazine, Romney’s Radical Position on Afghanistan, Swampland at TIME Magazine, p. http://swampland.time.com/2012/04/18/romneys-radical-position-on-afghanistan/)
In its story today about Mitt Romney’s rather opaque views about Afghanistan, the New
AND
so that it can assume greater responsibility for addressing the country’s security and economic
 
challenges.

Failure to stabilize Afghanistan threatens multiple scenarios of nuclear conflict —- terrorism, Russian aggression, Pakistani break-up and NATO credibility are a few.

Miller, March/April 2012 (Paul D. – former director for Afghanistan on the National Security Council staff under Presidents Bush and Obama, assistant professor of the International Security affairs at the National Defense University, director for the Afghanistan-Pakistan program at the college of International Security Affairs, It’s Not just Al-Qaeda: Stability in the Most Dangerous Region, World Affairs Journal, p. http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/it%E2%80%99s-not-just-al-qaeda-stability-most-dangerous-region)
The Afghanistan Study Group, a collection of scholars and former policymakers critical of the
AND
fighting alliance and preserves the organization as a pillar of US national security.

Ukraine intervention sparks global nuclear war.

Kingston, February 2009 (Brian, Norman Paterson School of International Affairs – CIFP, "Ukraine: A Risk Assessment Report", p. http://www.carleton.ca/cifp/app/serve.php/1214.pdf)
Russia: Russia seeks to influence the weakened Ukraine, inflaming ethnic-Russian separatism
AND
nuclear war, or at least the drawing in of many other countries.
 

Pakistani break-up triggers nuclear war.

Morgan 2007 (Stephen J., Political Writer and Former Member of the British Labour Party Executive Committee, "Better another Taliban Afghanistan, than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan%21?", 9-23, http://www.freearticlesarchive .com/article/_Better_another_Taliban_Afghanistanthan_a_Taliban_NUCLEAR_Pakistan_/99961/0/)
However events may prove him sorely wrong. Indeed, his policy could completely backfire
AND
in a new Cold War with China and Russia pitted against the US.
 

NATO collapse causes nuclear wars

Duffield 1994 (John, Assistant Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs – University of Virginia, Political Science Quarterly, 109, p. 766-767)
Initial analyses of NATO’s future prospects overlooked at least three important factors that have helped
AND
devastating than those of the past, given the existence of nuclear weapons.
 

Most probable scenario for conflict

Blank 2000 (Stephen, Prof Research – Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, "U.S. Military Engagement with Transcaucasia and Central Asia", www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub113.pdf)
Washington’s burgeoning military-political-economic involvement seeks, inter alia, to demonstrate
AND
, (5) neither has willing proxies capable of settling the situation.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: Fresno HT | Judge: Tom Meagher

Nature Shell

A. There is no such thing as Nature. The aff ecocriticism operates on a backdrop that thinks the environment as separate from humanity.  The result is a fundamentally violent ideology.

Morton 10 (Timothy Morton, Professor of Literature and ecology, Romantic-period literature, and literary theory at UC Davis, "Guest column: queer ecology" Published in PMLA, the journal of the Modern Language Association of America. V 125.2, p. 274-275 )
Unfortunately, a great deal of ecocriticism  provides a toxic environment in which to  spawn
AND
, or authoritative.  Queering ecological criticism will involve  engaging with these qualities.

B. Difference is everywhere and can only be grappled with relationally. We should embrace the strangeness of the other as irreducible – only the kritik can deal with existence itself. We will need to let the 1ac die in order to save the whole of life.

Morton 10 (Timothy Morton, Professor of Literature and ecology, Romantic-period literature, and literary theory at UC Davis, "Guest column: queer ecology" Published in PMLA, the journal of the Modern Language Association of America. V 125.2, p.  277-278)
Queer ecology may abandon the disastrous  term animal and adopt something  like strange stranger—
AND
reification.  It’s life, Jim—but not as we know it. 

====C. The environmentalism of the aff has laden with eugenics. The K is an urgent intervention into the problematic assumptions of the aff. ====
Hogan.2010. Chair: Women’s Studies Program¶ Professor, English¶ PhD: Rutgers University, New Brunswick.Katie.2010.Undoing Nature: Coalition Building as Queer Environmentalism. Queer Ecologies: Sex, Nature, Politics, Desire. Edited by Mortimer-Sandilands and Erikson. Pp 230-253.SC
The numerous historical examples of oppressive ideas of unnatural and unfit that we associate with
AND
contemporary progressive critical inquiry. Queer theory aids enormously in this critical project. 

D. Alternative: Reject Compulsory Nature. Queer ecology undermines the world

Morton 10 (Timothy Morton, Professor of Literature and ecology, Romantic-period literature, and literary theory at UC Davis, "Guest column: queer ecology" Published in PMLA, the journal of the Modern Language Association of America. V 125.2, p.  278)
Against Compulsory Nature  If being "environmental" only extends phobias  of psychic, sexual
AND

thinking so would be seeking a new and improved  version of Nature.

Afro-Optimism

The critical pessimism of the 1ac is complicit with an aesthetic equation of Black and ugly — we should rather be optimistic about blackness as a becoming of the condition of possibility for radical politics

If they affirm the Black as the Slave, we affirm against that the becoming of slavery in the figure of the Black as a runaway

Blackness is a prison sentence and its becoming is the perverse gift of escape. Voting negative is an escape from the ontological prisonhouse of the 1AC depiction of Blackness

There is no value in their nihilist project — vote negative to affirm the joy of becoming in Black Studies

Moten ~’7 Fred, Professor of English and African American Studies, Duke University "black optimism/black operation", Chicago — working text for "Black Op" Source: ~~PMLA-http://www.mlajournals.org/loi/pmla~~~~, Volume 123, Number 5, October 2008, pp. 1743–1747 (5)
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t%26rct=j%26q=%26esrc=s%26source=web%26cd=3%26cad=rja%26ved=0CDQQFjAC%26url=http%3A%2F%2Flucian.uchicago.edu%2Fblogs%2Fpoliticalfeeling%2Ffiles%2F2007%2F12%2Fmoten-black-optimism.doc%26ei=1fE2UO65KuG8yAHpiIHYCg%26usg=AFQjCNE8N66fQjQ7TP0PkJ0eYZDI6cNLvA%26sig2=BUrcwC5Cfz5Ero2I14PBsg

My field is black studies. In that field, I~’m trying to hoe the
AND
claim, with ridiculousness boldness, is the condition of possibility of politics.

Their radical negativity that essentializes the Black as an ontological category excludes the ontological position of mixed race folks %26 prevents contestation of the meaning of whiteness as well as building coalitions for white allies in the struggle against white supremacy. Whether Black or White, the politics of purity is a failure

Michael J. Monahan, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Marquette University, Racial Justice and the Politics of Purity, ~’8, http://www.temple.edu/isrst/Events/documents/MichaelMonahanUpdated.doc
The abolitionist/elimitavist position demands that any legitimately anti-racist endeavor stand simultaneously
AND
it is that insistence on purity that links racial categories to oppressive norms.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 5 | Opponent: UTSA | Judge: Theresa Perry

Decoloniality

The criticism approaches the problems of modernity with a one size fits all strategy. By only approaching this with one logic, it ignores the multiple hierarchies that are all entangled with the modern nation state.

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)
The European colonial expansion was led by European heterosexual males. Everywhere they went,
AND
succession of modes of production (slavery, feudalism, capitalism, etc.).
 

This focus on western modes of knowledge production destroy the possibility of resistance from the subaltern and precludes the development of a space where we can critically examine modernity as well as preventing development of new utopias.

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)
The ascribed superiority of European knowledge in many areas of life was an important aspect
AND
same time, as a space from where new utopias can be devised.
 

A break in western forms of knowledge production allow us to critically examine modernity as well as allow for the development of new utopias.

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)
The ascribed superiority of European knowledge in many areas of life was an important aspect
AND
same time, as a space from where new utopias can be devised.

By creating artificial barriers within criticism, and dividing the economic, the political and the socio-cultural you can only obtain an incomplete truth.  Because the coloniality of power has entangled all of these concepts into the matrix of coloniality.

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)

I propose that the culture vs. economy dichotomy is a "chicken−egg
AND
has yet found the way to dispense with the language and its implications,

 

Your  radical project falls short of of its true potential.  Modernity requires that for true radical potential you MUST dismantle the racial and colonial hierarchies set up by modernity to obtain success.   Your project becomes nothing more than another failed attempt to achieve radical potential through identity politics

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)

The pernicious influence of coloniality in all of its expressions at different levels (global
AND
system rather than developing a radical anti−capitalist struggle against the system.

Thus Sara Beth and I offer the following Alternative :

We must embrace a mentality of border thinking, border thinking allows for a complete rejection of modernity, but instead of retreating into absolutism border thinking produces a redefinition of coloniality of power and lets us move beyond the narrow definitions imposed by European modernity

Roll of the ballot is whomever offers the best method of challenging the colonial power matrix and creating a new form of knowledge production within the debate space

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)
One of many plausible solutions to the Eurocentric versus fundamentalist dilemma is what Walter Mignolo
AND
how to transcend the imperial monologue established by the European−centric modernity.
 

Critical border thinking provides a method to enact the decolonial shift and connects colonial histories which are entangled with modernity into the project of delinking from modernity and envelops the imperial and colonial differences

Mignolo 08 ( Walter Mignolo, DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OFCOLONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY, Journal of Cultural Studies Duke University Press 2008,)
Critical border thinking provides one method to enact the de-colonial shift and it
AND
Critical border thinking involves and implies both, the imperial and colonial differences.

De-linking the rhetoric of modernity opens the door to the voices of the subaltern and moves us toward the world of transmodernity

Mignolo 08 ( Walter Mignolo, DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OFCOLONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY, Journal of Cultural Studies Duke University Press 2008,) 

How can we proceed? Quijano suggests de-linking modernity/rationality from coloniality
AND
exteriority is a basic assumption in the modernity/coloniality scholarly and political project
 

Border thinking is not the end point of our project it is a starting point  for developing a critical planetary consciousness to delink from the fundamental beliefs of modernity

Mignolo 08 ( Walter Mignolo, DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OFCOLONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY, Journal of Cultural Studies Duke University Press 2008,) 

The struggle for epistemic de-colonization lies, precisely, here. The next
AND
left means falling back into the old house while just changing the carpet.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 5 | Opponent: UTSA | Judge: Theresa Perry

Decoloniality

The criticism approaches the problems of modernity with a one size fits all strategy. By only approaching this with one logic, it ignores the multiple hierarchies that are all entangled with the modern nation state.

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)
The European colonial expansion was led by European heterosexual males. Everywhere they went,
AND
succession of modes of production (slavery, feudalism, capitalism, etc.).
 

This focus on western modes of knowledge production destroy the possibility of resistance from the subaltern and precludes the development of a space where we can critically examine modernity as well as preventing development of new utopias.

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)
The ascribed superiority of European knowledge in many areas of life was an important aspect
AND
same time, as a space from where new utopias can be devised.
 

A break in western forms of knowledge production allow us to critically examine modernity as well as allow for the development of new utopias.

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)
The ascribed superiority of European knowledge in many areas of life was an important aspect
AND
same time, as a space from where new utopias can be devised.

By creating artificial barriers within criticism, and dividing the economic, the political and the socio-cultural you can only obtain an incomplete truth.  Because the coloniality of power has entangled all of these concepts into the matrix of coloniality.

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)

I propose that the culture vs. economy dichotomy is a "chicken−egg
AND
has yet found the way to dispense with the language and its implications,

 

Your  radical project falls short of of its true potential.  Modernity requires that for true radical potential you MUST dismantle the racial and colonial hierarchies set up by modernity to obtain success.   Your project becomes nothing more than another failed attempt to achieve radical potential through identity politics

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)

The pernicious influence of coloniality in all of its expressions at different levels (global
AND
system rather than developing a radical anti−capitalist struggle against the system.

Thus Sara Beth and I offer the following Alternative :

We must embrace a mentality of border thinking, border thinking allows for a complete rejection of modernity, but instead of retreating into absolutism border thinking produces a redefinition of coloniality of power and lets us move beyond the narrow definitions imposed by European modernity

Roll of the ballot is whomever offers the best method of challenging the colonial power matrix and creating a new form of knowledge production within the debate space

Grossfuguel 09 (Ramon Grosfoguel is Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, , "Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality", Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Fall 2009)
One of many plausible solutions to the Eurocentric versus fundamentalist dilemma is what Walter Mignolo
AND
how to transcend the imperial monologue established by the European−centric modernity.
 

Critical border thinking provides a method to enact the decolonial shift and connects colonial histories which are entangled with modernity into the project of delinking from modernity and envelops the imperial and colonial differences

Mignolo 08 ( Walter Mignolo, DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OFCOLONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY, Journal of Cultural Studies Duke University Press 2008,)
Critical border thinking provides one method to enact the de-colonial shift and it
AND
Critical border thinking involves and implies both, the imperial and colonial differences.

De-linking the rhetoric of modernity opens the door to the voices of the subaltern and moves us toward the world of transmodernity

Mignolo 08 ( Walter Mignolo, DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OFCOLONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY, Journal of Cultural Studies Duke University Press 2008,) 

How can we proceed? Quijano suggests de-linking modernity/rationality from coloniality
AND
exteriority is a basic assumption in the modernity/coloniality scholarly and political project
 

Border thinking is not the end point of our project it is a starting point  for developing a critical planetary consciousness to delink from the fundamental beliefs of modernity

Mignolo 08 ( Walter Mignolo, DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OFCOLONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY, Journal of Cultural Studies Duke University Press 2008,) 

The struggle for epistemic de-colonization lies, precisely, here. The next
AND
left means falling back into the old house while just changing the carpet.

Tournament: DVC | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sac State | Judge: 

Case Neg vs. Sac State

LFTRs are a pro-Thorium lobby fantasy—it's not tested or commercially viable, emits radiation and waste more dangerous than uranium.

Rees 11 (Eifion Rees, Science reporter for the Guardian and the Ecologist, "Don't believe the spin on thorium being a greener nuclear option," The Guardian, June 23, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jun/23/thorium-nuclear-uranium)

All other issues aside, thorium is still nuclear energy, say environmentalists, its
AND
players is interested. Thorium reactors are no more than a distraction.'

Recent UK report proves thorium doesn't prevent prolif or nuclear waste.

Halper 12 (Mark Halper, UK-based journalist, he currently focuses on renewable energy, "Benefits of thorium as alternative nuclear fuel are 'overstated'", The Guardian, September 13, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/sep/13/thorium-alternative-nuclear-fuel-overstated) 

The benefits of an alternative nuclear fuel that could offer a safer and more abundant
AND
, India, Brazil and Venezuela, according to the World Nuclear Association.¶ 

No Nuclear Licenses

The NRC has frozen ALL licenses due to the waste confidence act passed in June- no licenses are going to be given out

PowerEngineering 9/7 (Power Engineering, Online Energy Magazine, "The Nuclear License Freeze", http://www.power-eng.com/index.html, September 7, 2012)

With temperatures reaching 115 degrees and eclipsing 100 degrees for almost a month straight in
AND
in many major licensing actions, such as new reactors and license renewals."

Massive alt cause- NRC is not distributing license until they resolve waste management

Smith and Tracy '12 (Rebecca Smith and Ryan Tracy, "U.S. Regulator Halts Nuclear-Plant Licensing", http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443517104577575561397701568.html, August 7, 2012)

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission said it would stop issuing licenses for
AND
is requiring operators to move spent fuel more quickly to dry storage casks.

Tournament: DVC | Round: 4 | Opponent: CSUN | Judge: Harris

ANWR Environmental Disad

ANWR development collapses key species causing extinction

EarthyCynic, Ashford University Student earning a BA in Psychology and Environmental Studies, 12
(March 7, “Why We Should NOT Drill In ANWR,” http://earthycynic.hubpages.com/hub/Why-We-Should-NOT-Drill-In-ANWR, d/a 8-4-12, ads)

The continental shelf near ANWR provides the coastal AND existed for thousands of years (defenders.org, 2009).

Tournament: DVC | Round: 4 | Opponent: CSUN | Judge: Harris

High oil prices are expected to continue – stalled oil supply, Iran, and interest rates

Tverberg, 12 (Gail, M. S. from the University of Illinois, Chicago in Mathematics, and is a Fellow of the Casualty Actuarial Society and a Member of the American Academy of Actuaries, February 26, 2012, “Why oil prices are so high: Production shortfall, Iran concerns, and low interest rates”, http://ourfiniteworld.com/2012/02/26/whyoilpricesaresohighproductionshortfalliranconcernsandlowinterestrates/, 8/3/12, atl)

Stalled Out Oil Supply Leads to Five Million Barrel a Day Shortfall in 2011¶
AND
at least until recession (because of high oil prices) hits again.

Oil production signals consistency to futures markets – driving down prices

Driessen, 12 (Paul, senior policy advisor for the Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow and Congress of Racial Equality, March 23, 2012, “Several Reasons Why Gasoline Prices are so High”, http://oilprice.com/Energy/GasPrices/SeveralReasonsWhyGasolinePricesaresoHigh.html, 8/3/12, atl)

This winter was warm. Our economy remains weak. People are driving less,
AND
. All these government policies impact the price we pay at the pump. 

High prices are critical to Russia’s economy

Schuman, 12 (Michael, Michael Schuman writes about Asia and global economic issues as a correspondent for TIME in Beijing, China, July 5, 2012, “Why Vladimir Putin Needs Higher Oil Prices”, http://business.time.com/2012/07/05/whyvladimirputinneedshigheroilprices/, 8/3/12, atl)

But Vladimir Putin is not one of them. The economy that the Russian President
AND
growth model looks unsustainable unless oil prices remain at or above $120pb.
 

Russian economic decline causes nuclear war

Filger, 09 (Sheldon, writer for Huffington Post, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356, 8/3/12, atl)

In Russia historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree that
AND
the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: DVC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Fresno | Judge: Meager

Queer Securitization

Security logic is the foundation for all modern policy.

Dillon 1996 Michael, professor Politics and International Relations at the University of Lancaster, The Politics of Security, pp. 12-14

There is a preoccupation which links both the beginning and the end of metaphysics,
AND
think Heidegger’s account of metaphysics provides a means of addressing that fundamental question.

The security performance of the 1AC insures marginalization and perpetual genocide - an inside/outside binary proliferates and shapes all forms of social interaction between the “natural” self and the “queer” other.

Campbell, prof of cultural and political geography at Durham Univ. 1992
(David, Writing Security, pp. 100-101) 

That the 'barbarian' invoked connotations that can be aligned with cancer suggests that, although
AND
American nationals has been indebted to a discursive economy of identity/ difference.

Security logic is used to reinforce the neoliberal world order.

Bacevich 02 (Andrew,  “American Empire The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy”, Andrew J. Bacevich, Sr. is a professor of international relations at Boston University and a retired career officer in the United States Army. He is a former director of Boston University's Center for International Relations (from 1998 to 2005), and author of several books, Harvard University Press, 2002)

The purpose is to preserve and, where both feasible and conducive to U.
AND
power but also its expenditure become integral to U.S. strategy.

The neoliberal ideology perpetuates its harms. Leads to systemic violence and collapses public order—recreates the problems that caused the uprising.

Lambert 11 (David Lambert, Professor of Geography Education at the University of London, “The Role of Social and Economic Rights in the Public Arena,” The Future of U.S. Democracy Promotion: Strategies for a Sustainable Fourth Wave of Democratization, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, March 10, 2011, https://digital.lib.washington.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1773/16487/Task%20Force%20C%202011%20Web.pdf?sequence=1)

Yet, as new democracies are usually strongly in need of international aid, which
AND
, and the results have been devastating. An urgent change is needed. 

The security logic of the 1AC perpetuates a master logic of heteronormative whiteness.  This privileges white, masculine, heterosexual men and maintains itself through war and imperialist domination.

Winnibust 06, philosophy PhD, Penn State University Shannon, Queering Freedom 2006. p 5-6 AJM  GoogleBooks

This is the domination and violence of our historical present, late modernity: to
AND
historical period of late modernity and phallicized whiteness, that this text moves.

Refuse to act within systems of domination.  We must open ourselves to the political queerness of our lives and embrace the radical uncertainty of events.

Winnubst 06, philosophy PhD, Penn State University
Shannon, Queering Freedom 2006. p 195 AJM  GoogleBooks
The scarcity at work in the production of our cheap consumer goods is not the
AND
much about how queerly multiple our “I” of identity can become.

Tournament: DVC | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sac State | Judge: 

NRC CP

Text: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission should issue a guidance document ignoring the penalty of shutting down reactors for violating license protocols and de-prioritize enforcement of the expansion of small modular nuclear reactors.  The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall issue an informal business memo to alert the small modular nuclear industries aware of this change.

CP is competitive and solves the case - Guidance documents have the power of law but are not binding – agencies voluntarily comply with rules

Hunnicutt 1999 James JD – Boston College Law School “NOTE: Another Reason to Reform the Federal Regulatory System: Agencies' Treating Nonlegislative Rules as Binding Law” Boston College Law Review December, 41 B.C. L. Rev 153
Rules created without process--interpretative rules, general statements of policy, rules of
AND
the rule in court and have given up on the appeals process. 156
 

Lowering the shutdown penalty while maintaining regulation solves energy production – avoids the link to politics

HECC 12 -House Energy and Commerce Committee  ("The Resolving Environmental and Grid Reliability Conflicts Act (H.R. 4273)," http://energycommerce.house.gov/news/PRArticle.aspx?NewsID=9750)
The Resolving Environmental and Grid Reliability Conflicts Act, introduced by Reps. Pete Olson
AND
be subject to penalties when working with DOE to keep the lights on.

Regulations are established by congress – agencies can make internal modifications that avoid political blame

Schillaci 2007 William C. author of the book Most Misunderstood Regs March 27, “Reining in Guidance Documents” http://enviro.blr.com/whitepapers/ehs-management/epa-environmental-protection-agency/reining-in-guidance-documents/
"The phenomenon we see in this case is familiar. Congress passes a broadly
AND
and without publication in the Federal Register or the Code of Federal Regulations."

Tournament: DVC | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sac State | Judge: 

Uranium Prices DA

Uranium prices increasing now – rising demand

Energy Report 9/13 "Uranium Fundamentals Are at a Tipping Point: Alka Singh", Business Insider 9/13/12

Alka Singh: There are 433 currently operating nuclear power reactors around the world.
AND
How significant is military demand for uranium globally versus demand from electrical utilities?

Thorium depresses that demand

Herring 99 JS, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Nov 13, "Characteristics of Mixed Thorium"

A comparison at higher uranium prices and comparable thorium prices is shown in
AND
to put upward pressure on the price of uranium in the next century. 

High uranium prices are key to Kazakhstan's nuclear ambitions – this saves the Kazakh economy and sheds its oil export overdependence.

Kassenova 8 Togzhan, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Apr 28, "Kazakhstan's nuclear ambitions"
In conclusion, Kazakhstan's nuclear ambitions are likely to be realized if uranium prices stay
AND
export of its natural resources and on the vagaries of the commodities markets.

Kazakh economic and energy leadership is the linchpin to Central Asian stability.

Frost 8 Patrick, Foreign Policy Association, Nov 13, "Kazakhstan and the Financial Crisis
Rustemov is correct in stating that this economic crisis may lead to following and connected
AND
, Kazakhstan can become the linchpin in the region for stability and security." 

Central Asian instability causes nuclear war.

Blank 2k Stephen, Strategic Studies Institute Soviet Expert, "US military Engagement with Transcaucasia and Central Asia," http://www.bits.de/NRANEU/docs /Blank2000.pdf
In 1993 Moscow even threatened World War III to deter Turkish intervention on behalf of
AND
Transcaucasus makes the danger of major war there higher than almost everywhere else. 

Tournament: CSUN | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pepperdine | Judge: Harris
Post-election bipartisanship now

Tierney Nov 7 (Christine Tierney, writing for the Detroit News, “Republicans, Democrats see election mandate for bipartisanship” http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20121107/POLITICS03/211070434#ixzz2BhZOGXCg) sbb

House Speaker John Boehner offered Wednesday to re-start budget negotiations with President Barack
AND
would have to be balanced, and not rely solely on spending cuts.

Working with congress is key to a deal on the fiscal cliff – can’t afford to piss them off.

Bloomberg Nov 7 (“Obama Success on Fiscal Cliff May Hinge on Congress Ties” by Julie Hirschfeld Davis and Mike Dorning, Nov 7, 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-08/obama-success-on-fiscal-cliff-may-hinge-on-better-congress-ties.html) sbb

Obama can’t do it alone. Prospects for a broad deficit- reduction deal also
AND
prize face-time with and personal appeals from a commander in chief.

Failure to extend tax credits will cause a double-dip recession.
Goozner Oct 2
(Merrill Goozner, writing for the Financial Times, Oct 2, 2012, “‘Taxmageddon’ Will Hit 88%, Prompting a New Recession” http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2012/10/02/Taxmageddon-Will-Hit-88-Percent-Prompting-New-Recession.aspx#b6KurzP2Y8iXu40P.99) sbb

If the lame duck Congress and President Obama drive over the fiscal cliff on New
AND
$115 billion in additional revenue next year, the TPC analysis said.¶
 
A double dip recession would be much worse than the first and trigger an economic depression

CNN 11 (http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/10/news/economy/double_dip_recession_economy/index.htm)

Another recession could be even worse than the last one for a few reasons.
AND
this new recession would likely have virtually no policy effort to counteract it.
 
Economic depression causes extinction

Austin 09 (Michael, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute, and Desmond Lachman, Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, “The Global Economy Unravels”, Forbes, 3-6, )

Conversely, global policymakers do not seem to have grasped the downside risks to the
AND
may be a series of small explosions that coalesce into a big bang.

Tournament: CSUN | Round: 5 | Opponent: SDSU | Judge: Cooper

T – Feed In Tariffs 1NC

Increase financial incentives presumes well developed, pre-existing program

a. Webster’s Dictionary 98
Increase: to make greater, augment, implies to what is already well grown, or well developed

b. Financial incentives are direct, indirect are fiscal incentives
Kurtz ’02
Emile Noel Fellow, Jean Monnet Center for International and Regional Economic Law %26 Justice, New York University Law School; Lecturer, Law School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Jurgen 23 U. Pa. J. Int’l Econ. L. 713
Incentives to attract investors into the host state are often linked to performance requirements by
AND
as they generally lack the resources needed to provide direct financial incentives. n64

c. "FOR" is a limiting term
Clegg, 95 - J.D., 1981 Yale Law School; the author is vice president and general counsel of the National Legal
Center for the Public Interest. (Roger, "Reclaiming The Text of The Takings Clause," 46 S.C. L. Rev. 531,
Summer, lexis)

Even if it made no sense to limit the clause to takings "for public
AND
no doubt that the phrase is narrowing the scope of the Amendment. n20

2. Violation — FITS is not a direct financial incentive and the program is a creation, not an increase

3. Prefer our interpretation –

Ground. Our interp ensures fair ground for the aff and predictable links for the neg. Direct incentives for energy production means topic literature provided DA and K links

Limits. Their interp is practically limitless

Dyson et al, 3 - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Megan, Flow: The Essentials of Environmental Flows, p. 67-68)

Understanding of the term ’incentives’ varies and economists have produced numerous typologies. A
AND
these incentives within the realm of economic and fiscal policy is practically limitless.

T is a voter for fairness and education. Extra T dejustifies the resolution and demands a neg ballot.

Tournament: CSUN | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pepperdine/Southwestern | Judge: Abbasi

T – Financial Incentives 1NC

Increase financial incentives presumes well developed, pre-existing program

a. Webster’s Dictionary 1998
Increase: to make greater, augment, implies to what is already well grown, or well developed

b. Financial incentives are direct, indirect are fiscal incentives
Kurtz ’02
Emile Noel Fellow, Jean Monnet Center for International and Regional Economic Law %26 Justice, New York University Law School; Lecturer, Law School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Jurgen 23 U. Pa. J. Int’l Econ. L. 713
Incentives to attract investors into the host state are often linked to performance requirements by
AND
as they generally lack the resources needed to provide direct financial incentives. n64

c. "FOR" is a limiting term
Clegg, 95 - J.D., 1981 Yale Law School; the author is vice president and general counsel of the National Legal
Center for the Public Interest. (Roger, "Reclaiming The Text of The Takings Clause," 46 S.C. L. Rev. 531,
Summer, lexis)

Even if it made no sense to limit the clause to takings "for public
AND
no doubt that the phrase is narrowing the scope of the Amendment. n20

Violation . The aff is not a direct financial incentive and the program is a creation, not an increase

Prefer it –

Ground. Our interp ensures fair ground for the aff and predictable links for the neg. Direct incentives for energy production means topic literature provided DA and K links. Our interp allows affs to remove any restriction that actually prohibits production—siting restrictions, ownership requirements, seasonal drilling restrictions. Their interp allows any aff that makes energy production less profitable—those are regulations or fees—not restrictions.

Limits. Their interp is practically limitless

Dyson et al, 3 - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Megan, Flow: The Essentials of Environmental Flows, p. 67-68)

Understanding of the term ’incentives’ varies and economists have produced numerous typologies. A
AND
these incentives within the realm of economic and fiscal policy is practically limitless.

Topicality is a voter for fairness and education.

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chico | Judge:
Chico PIC

CP Text:  The United States Federal government should fund research and development for Lead Fast Reactors including capital investment in a pilot plant.

The AFFs IFRs are sodium cooled

McFarlane 02,  (Harold, Associate Laboratory Director, 2002 at Idaho National Laboratory, “Proliferation Resistance Assessment Of The Integral Fast Reactor”, Accessed 10-3-12, http://www.ipd.anl.gov/anlpubs/2002/07/43534.pdf)

The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) concept includes a sodium-cooled fast reactor
AND
facilities could not be easily modified to produce a weapons-suitable product. 

That risks leaks and accidents

Barton, , 08 (Charles Energy Collective writer, Author of the Nuclear Green Revolution 3-27, “Liquid Sodium Reactors”, Accessed 10-3-12, http://energyfromthorium.com/2008/03/http://energyfromthorium.com/2008/03/)

Weinberg did not comment on the safety of sodium cooled reactors on that occasion,
AND
sodium involved, and its radioactivity, potentially makes for a catastrophic accident.

 
Extinction

Mcpherson, , 11 (Guy, Professor of natural resources and the environment at the University of Arizona, 11-9, “Three paths to near-term human extinction”, Accessed 10-3-12, http://transitionvoice.com/2011/11/three-paths-to-near-term-human-extinction/http://transitionvoice.com/2011/11/three-paths-to-near-term-human-extinction/)

Safely shuttering a nuclear power plant requires a decade or two of careful planning.
AND
come to expect from planetary consumers who want to keep consuming the planet.

 
Lead-cooled fast reactors solve

Tucek et al,  05 (Kamil, , Johan Carlsson, Hartmut Wider5European Commission Institute for Energy _{“Comparison Of Sodium And Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors Regarding Severe Safety And Economical Issues”, Accessed 10-3-12, http://www.ecolo.org/documents/documents_in_english/pdf)}

The tight pin lattice SFRs (P/D=1.2) showed
AND
intermediate coolant circuit in an SFR by ¶ using a supercritical CO2Brayton cycle. 

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: CSUS | Judge: Steele

India is poised to become a nuclear exporter due to lack of US competition in the small reactor market.  The plan obviously reverses this.  Exports are key to Indian nuclear industry.
CSIS, 2010  “India’s Nuclear Push” http://csis.org/blog/india%E2%80%99s-nuclear-push
“In India's statement to the 54th General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency
AND
also lack the extensive transmission grids to accommodate large, centralized electricity generators.
 

Indian nuclear industry is essential to Indian growth—2 internal links—first, shores up domestic energy supply.  Second, manufacturing independently boosts the domestic economy
World Nuclear News 09 http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Indian_joint_venture_to_produce_forgings-301109.html¶ India will have a world-class heavy forging facility for future nuclear power plants after a joint venture by Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) and Larsen and Toubro (LandT).

NPCIL-LandT¶ The signing of the joint venture agreement in Mumbai¶ The
AND
, electrical and instrumentation products for ABWR plants to be built in India.

Indian Growth Prevents indo-pak war

Kapur 08  Associate Professor in the Department of National Security Affairs at the U.S. Naval Post-graduate School and a Faculty Affiliate at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation
(Paul, Ten Years of Instability in a Nuclear South Asia, International Security, Volume 33, Number 2, Fall 2008

The Indians, for their part, have pursued improved relations with Pakistan for two
AND
peace," rather than squander resources on continued Indo-Pakistani conflict.55 

Decline in Indian Growth Enhances Indo-Pak hostilities
Mamoon 10 (Dawood Mamoon, Researcher at ISS Institute of Social Studies “The conflict mitigating effects of trade in the India-Pakistan case,” March 7, 2010 http://www.springerlink.com/content/4736rl34w118q532/fulltext.pdf)

However, if India is able to export or import more, this would at
AND
, while at the same time having a divergent set of political institutions.

Indio-Pak war leads to global firestorms.
Fox 08 (Maggie Fox, Reuter Staff Writter, “India-Pakistan Nuclear War Would Cause Ozone Hole,” Reuters, April 08, 2008, http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/47829/story.htm)

Fires from burning cities would send 5 million metric tonnes of soot or more into
AND
it undermines the global system designed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. 

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: CSUS | Judge: Steele
The plan systemically excludes indigenous perspectives through the licensing process – manufactures national sacrifice zones to enable the systemic eradication of entire populations – tech optimism is tautological and normalizes colonial violence 

Endres 2009 – Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Utah (Danielle, “The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision,” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2009, pp. 39-60)

Colonialism in all its forms is dependent on the discursive apparatus that sustains it.
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actions those in power deem necessary to control challenges to its legitimacy.’’48 

The impact is extinction – Nuclear power exports violence to the periphery in the form of reactionary nuclear wars and environmental destruction 

Byrne and Toley 6 (John – Head of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy – It’s a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy – John is also a Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University of Delaware – 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Toley – Directs the Urban Studies and Wheaton in Chicago programs - Selected to the Chicago Council on Global Affairs Emerging Leaders Program for 2011-2013 - expertise includes issues related to urban and environmental politics, global cities, and public policy, “Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse,” p. 1-32)

From climate change to acid rain, contaminated landscapes, mercury pollution, and biodiversity
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considers the discursive continuities between the premises of conventional and sustainable energy futures.
 

Vote neg - methodological investigation is a prior question to the aff – strict policy focus creates a myth of objectivity that sustains a violent business-as-usual approach

Scrase and Ockwell 10 (J. Ivan - Sussex Energy Group, SPRU (Science and Technology Policy Research), Freeman Centre, University of Sussex, David G - Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, SPRU, Freeman Centre, University of Sussex, “The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction,” Energy Policy: Volume 38, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 2225–2233) 

The way in which energy policy is “framed” refers to the underlying assumptions
AND
Dryzek et al., 2003—these are explored in detail further below).

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: CSUS | Judge: Steele
Filibuster reform passes now – momentum means just have to wait for the vote on Jan 22.
HuffPo 1/3/13
(Sabrina Siddiqui, Ryan Grim, “On Filibuster Reform, Advocates Claim Momentum” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/03/filibuster-reform-senate_n_2405008.html)sbb

Despite some opposition, Udall was confident about the proposal’s prospects, telling reporters,
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the briefing that the filibuster reform debate will begin on Jan. 22.
 

Filibuster reform must come first or it triggers our impact.
NYT 12 (“As gridlock continues, Senate looks to rules change” http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2012/11/25/gridlock-continues-senate-looks-rules-change/aNGHHrmsEHPjpubrCoiKYN/story.html)  sbb

As a result, the first fight of the next Senate, which convenes in
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delay. We have obstruction, and we don’t have any accountability.’
 
Filibuster reform is key to President’s immigration agenda.
Amar 13 (Jan-Feb 2013 Atlantic Monthly, “Second Chances” http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/01/second-chances/309198/) sbb
If he’s to beat the second-term curse, Obama will also need to
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again in the Senate—and this could change dynamics in the House.
 

Immigration is key to US heg
HuffPo 12 (James M. Gentile, “Immigration, Science and Technology” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-m-gentile/immigration-science-and-t_b_2002893.html) sbb

Immigration has been key to America's preeminence in science and technology, and yet we're
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of foreign talent, like a scuba diver squeezing his own breathing tube."
 
Hegemony prevents war, spreads democracy and peace, protects human rights, and encourages economic cooperation and growth.
Thayer 6 Associate Prof, Department of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State University
Bradley, In Defense of Primacy, The National Interest, December (lexis)November 10, 2006 http://nationalinterest.org/article/in-defense-of-primacy-1300, accessed June 29. 2011
THROUGHOUT HISTORY, peace and stability have been great benefits of an era where there
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offs foster the development of military technology, helping to ensure military prowess. 

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: CSUS | Judge: Steele
The United States Federal Government should do the plan as the second docket item in the 113th Congress.

Counterplan solves 100% of the affirmative and avoids the disadvantage by waiting until the second legislative day. Congressional rules can only be changed on the first legislative day of the new session.
Bryan 12 (“Senate rules must change” Shirley Bryan  http://www.threeriverspublishing.com/TRP/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=11823:senate-rules-must-changeandcatid=49andItemid=235) sbb
On the first day of the new session in January and on that day only
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It can, and does, virtually stop the Senate from doing anything.

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chico | Judge:
The affirmative’s framework of policymaking doesn’t include those who will be affected by these policies.

Sze 07 (Dr. Julie Sze, professor of American Studies and Director of the Environmental Justice Program at the John Muir Institute for the Environment, UC Davis, “Noxious New York”, ISBN 0-262-19554-2 pg 150-151) sbb

Given the history and the large scope of energy and electricity development, along with
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based on energy abundance and they raised new social issues” (209).
 
This environmental racism perpetuates the internal and external colonization of indigenous people and people of color rendering them as nothing more than a mode of production and maintain economic dependency of the colonized 

Bullard 8 (Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html BGB

Environmental racism also operates in the international arena between nations and between transnational corporations.
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schools, chronic unemployment, high poverty, and overloaded health care systems.

 
The alternative is to reject the current policy making paradigm and the adoption of a policy framework of environmental justice
Bullard et al 05 (Dr. Robert D. Bullard, pre-eminent source on environmental justice, the Edmund Asa Ware Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University, “The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution” ISBN-10: 1578051207) sbb / og

The question of environmental justice is not anchored in a debate about whether decision makers
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) to prevention (elimination of the threat by removing lead from houses).
 
The alternative creates an environmental justice framework for policy that prevents harm from occurring – we place responsibility on the energy producers, not by providing recourse for people harmed after the fact.

Bullard et al 05 (Dr. Robert D. Bullard, pre-eminent source on environmental justice, the Edmund Asa Ware Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University, “The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution” ISBN-10: 1578051207) sbb / og

The environmental justice framework shifts the burden of proof to polluters and dischargers who do
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life ratings and thus get fewer dollars, based on these subjective ratings.

Tournament: NCFA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cal Poly CK | Judge: Kephardt
Text: The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a Quadrennial Energy Review as an addendum to the Quadrennial Technology Review. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a recommendation for United States Congress that the United States federal government should do the plan as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review.
DOE recommendations cause enactment – AND – Even if it fails – private actors will change their behavior
DOE 11 (REPORTandONandTHEandFIRST QUADRENNIAL QTR TECHNOLOGY!REVIEW, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ReportOnTheFirstQTR.pdf)
An important finding of this Review is that
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to better inform and support the Department’s investments.
This recommendation will get enacted after the immigration debate and the counterplan trades-off political points necessary to enact other initiatives in the QTR
Tollefson -11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011, http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html)
The US Department of Energy (DOE)
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% by 2050, from a 2005 baseline.

This trade-off would occur with biofuels
Fuel Cell Insider 11 (DOE Quadrennial Technology Review Gets Stakeholder Input, http://www.fuelcellinsider.org/?p=615)

Hydrogen fuel cells were certainly addressed by the
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of dollars in a host of energy options.

US lead biofuels would cause extinction
Ziegler 12 (Fuelling World Hunger: How The Global Biofuel Industry Is Creating Massive Destruction, Jean, http://www.infowars.com/fuelling-world-hunger-how-the-global-biofuel-industry-is-creating-massive-destruction/)

The global expansion of the biofuel industry –
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yet be a way out of the inferno.

Tournament: NCFA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cal Poly CK | Judge: Kephardt
Obama has political capital—that enables immigration reform in spite of budget and gun fights—but the window is narrow
Chris Weigant, Huffington Post, 1/24/13, Handicapping Obama's Second Term Agenda, Lexis

The ceremonies are all over and Congress has
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. We'll just have to wait and see.

The plan destroys Obamas capital to get Immigration

Matthew Daly and Dina Cappiello 12, AP, “Republicans, Democrats at odds on energy issues”, June 13, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120613/us-energy-poll-politics/

Republicans and Democrats seem to be living on
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and allowing more drilling for oil and gas.
 

Path to citizenship solves the deficit
Tucker 10 Cynthia is a columnist for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. “We need immigrants to help pay the deficit,” Nov 19, http://blogs.ajc.com/cynthia-tucker/2010/11/19/we-need-immigrants-to-help-pay-the-deficit/
Recommendations for taming the deficit include raising the
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all of them to the federal tax rolls?
 

Deficit will collapse hegemony and the economy---trigger global nuclear war
Khalilzad 11 – Zalmay Khalilzad, the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, February 8, 2011, “The Economy and National Security; If we don’t get our economic house in order, we risk a new era of multi-polarity,” online:  http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad
Without faster economic growth and actions to reduce
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most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression.

Tournament: Districts (Pepperdine) | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cal Poly CI | Judge: Ward
The United States federal government should:
:substantially increase funding for decentralized and tribally  wind energy production. Funding and training should be directed to tribal colleges and be made available to all residents of Indian country that wish to undertake solar and wind energy projects. The United States federal government should offer to provide financial backing to proposed projects that are exclusively owned by tribal residents.

:provide technical assistance to tribes for securing Secretary of Interior approval of Tribal Energy Resource Agreements of wind and solar energy and provide the Interior with additional resources to process applications.

:remove the federal government liability waiver for Tribal Energy Resource Agreements
 

Building tribal capacity solves
LaDuke, 9
(Executive Director of Honor the Earth and Former Green Party VP Candidate, “Helping the Prez, Greening the Rez,” http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=09-P13-00003andsegmentID=3)

CURWOOD: When it comes to U.
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the next economy will not require their consumption.
 

Weakened environmental review causes exploitation by companies interested in profiting from native renewable resources
Land Letter, 5
(New federal law encourages tapping of Indian resources, 12/1, Lexis)

April Reese, Land Letter Southwest reporter A
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based in Santa Fe, N.M.
 

Removing environmental review allows tribal governments to pursue projects against the will of the people---turns sovereignty
Wood, 94
(Assistant Professor of Law, University of Oregon, “Indian Land and the Promise of Native Sovereignty: The Trust Doctrine Revisited,” 1994 Utah L. Rev. 1471) 

More often, however, the complaint is
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considering it as such today.
 

Reinstating liability avoids politics and solves energy development
Kronk, assistant professor of law – Texas Tech University, ‘12
(Elizabeth Ann, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

B. An Alternative Possibility for Reform:
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enter into TERAs with the Secretary of Interior.

2NC – Natives CP vs. Vana, Ryan

NB #1: Corporate Disad
Turns every solvency deficit because it results in corporate ownership of renewables and ruins sovereignty
Reese, reporter – High Country News (Colorado) and Energy & Environment, ‘3
(April, “Plains tribe harnesses the wind,” http://www.hcn.org/issues/255/14139)

The legislation would also waive Interior’s trust responsibility
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would have to follow when conducting environmental reviews.
 

Bigger internal link to self-determination
Di Giovanni, 3
(8/6, Gallup Independent, Navajo Prez sees fed energy bill as road map to exploitation, Article from Gallup posted at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NAICCO/message/1708)

Shirley said he's also still concerned with "
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determination. We are all in this together." 

Causes a land grab for renewables which wrecks sovereignty
Awehali, 6
(Brian, Independent Journalist & Author of Tipping the Sacred Cow, Society of Professional Journalists and Project Censored Award Recipient, “NATIVE ENERGY FUTURES: Renewable Energy & the New Rush on Indian Lands,” http://loudcanary.com/2006/06/05/native-energy-futures/)

Now jump forward with me, to April
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industry currently driving the planet to its doom.

Self-determination doesn’t build accountability—they take cash instead
Wood 95
Mary Christina Wood, Oregon Law Professor, 1995, Utah L. Rev. 109, Lexis

Some have persuasively argued that many modern Indian
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in light of the troubling context described above.

NB #2: Land Use

Land exploitation turns and outweighs the whole case
Wood, 94
(Assistant Professor of Law, University of Oregon, “Indian Land and the Promise of Native Sovereignty: The Trust Doctrine Revisited,” 1994 Utah L. Rev. 1471) 

Some believe the Indian trust doctrine is obsolete
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tribes with obligations owed to other competing constituencies. 

A wave of unregulated renewables projects would destroy native land
Aronsen, 11
(Mother Jones Columnist, 3/31, Will Big Solar Bulldoze Sacred Tribal Sites?, http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2011/04/solar-energy-native-american-desert)

Alfredo Figueroa, an elder in the Chemehuevi
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, long battle that we're going to undertake."
 

Specifically environmental impact statements allow native sovereignty and serve as a site of resistance, the plan undermines that
Bosworth, graduate student – Department of Geography @ U Minnesota, ‘10
(Kai, "Straws in the Wind: Race, Nature and Technoscience in Postcolonial South Dakotan Wind Power Development,” Honors Projects, Paper 7, http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/envi_honors/7)

Chapter 5 takes a detailed look at public
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, colonialism, and the value of nonhumans.

A/T Paternalism

Critiques of paternalism don’t apply to our counterplan
Wood, 94
(Assistant Professor of Law, University of Oregon, “Indian Land and the Promise of Native Sovereignty: The Trust Doctrine Revisited,” 1994 Utah L. Rev. 1471) 

B. The Trust Doctrine and Historical Paternalism
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sovereign trust paradigm which repudiates federal paternalism. n362

Tournament: Districts (Pepperdine) | Round: 2 | Opponent: ASU Rohit + Michelle | Judge: Eisenstadt
R and D isn’t T
Violates Energy production---it’s pre-production
Koplow 4 Doug Koplow is the founder of Earth Track in Cambridge, MA. He has worked on natural resource subsidy issues for 20 years, primarily in the energy sector "Subsidies to Energy Industries" Encyclopedia of Energy Vol 5 2004www.earthtrack.net/files/Energy%20Encyclopedia,%20wv.pdf

3. SUBSIDIES THROUGH THE FUEL CYCLE Because
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point of final use, and accident risks.
Violates incentives---they have to provide money to the private sector---randD is distinct
CCES 9 Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (also called c2es) “Buildings and Emissions: Making the Connection” No specific date dated, most recent citation from 2009 www.c2es.org/technology/overview/buildings
Policy Options to Promote … computer-based building analysis.
At best they’re indirect which means they’re FX---this cards draws a predictable limit and brightline

GSWH 11 Global Solar Water Heating Market Transformation and Strengthening Initiative,  This publication is the result of a joint effort from the following contributors: The European Solar ThermalIndustry Federation (ESTIF), the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) through its Division ofTechnology, Industry and Economics (DTIE) and the Global Environment Fund (GEF). "Guidelines for policy and framework conditions" No Specific Date Cited, Most Recent Citations From 2011 www.solarthermalworld.org/files/policy_framework.pdf?download

8 Non financial incentives for solar thermal Non
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thermal system or that use solar thermal energy.

Voting issue for limits and ground---creates an unmanageable topic of new speculative tech via government research that doesn’t interact with the market
Dyson et al, 3 - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Megan, Flow: The Essentials of Environmental Flows, p. 67-68)

Understanding of the term ‘incentives’ varies and
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of economic and fiscal policy is practically limitless.