Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Plan text: The Unites States Federal Government should permanently extend the production tax credit for wind energy

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Failure to pass production tax credit now causes near term job loss

Hitt, Former Ecology Center Director, 6-6

 (Mary, University of Montana, MS, Environmental Studies, "Wind Works: Time to Pass the Production Tax Credit", 6-6-12, www.huffingtonpost.com/mary-anne-hitt/wind-energy_b_1571662.html, accessed 9-17-12, AT)

The wind industry supports … America's electricity by 2030.

Failure to extend tanks the industry

Bloomberg, 8-21

("Extend Wind-Power Tax Credit Now, So It Can Die Later", www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-21/extend-wind-power-tax-credit-now-so-it-can-die-later.html, 9-17-12, AT)

Onshore wind power has improved to the … is critical to good energy policy.

Sustained job growth key avoid world economic collapse

AP, 7-24

("Another global recession on the horizon?", 7-24-12, www.thonline.com/news/business/article_fb02ea23-ccba-5ab3-b49f-09d509b58ca5.html, accessed 9-18-12, AT)

The lengthening shadow over the world's … so-called fiscal cliff.

Wind spills over to manufacturing, jobs, and consumer spending

Warburg, Former Environmental Law Institute Lawyer, 12

(Phillip, JD, Harvard Law, former president of the Conservation Law Foundation, http://www.beaconbroadside.com/broadside/harvest-the-wind, excerpt of: Harvest the Wind: America’s Journey to Jobs, Energy Independence, and Climate Stability, accessed 9-18-12, AT)

Under the 20% Wind Energy by 2030 scenario, … this a path worth taking?

Manufacturing, jobs and spending loss triggers US recession

Crutisinger, AP Economics Reporter, 7-27

(Martin, "Few think sluggish US economy will strengthen soon", 7-27-12, www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-07-27/few-think-sluggish-us-economy-will-strengthen-soon, accessed 9-19-12, AT)

A U.S. economy that plodded … percent six months ago.

The US is key to global economy

Caploe,  PhD in International political economy from Princeton, 9

(David,  “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,” The Straits Times, 4-7, lexis, ldg)

IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, … have to be solved there too.

Economic growth is key to prevent multipolarity which causes great power wars.

Khalilzad, former director of policy planning at the Defense Department, 2011

(Zalmay, “The Economy and National Security”, 2-8, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?page=3, ldg)

Today, economic and fiscal … Chinese hegemony and aggression.

Global economic crisis causes war–strong statistical support

Royal, director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 10

(Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215, ldg)

Less intuitive is how periods of …be considered ancillary to those views. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Extending PTC key to investment- sparks environmental leadership

Blumenauer, House Ways and Means Committee Member, 8-7

(Earl, JD, Lewis and Clark Law School,"Congress Should Extend PTC Immediately", energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/should-wind-tax-credit-stay-or.php, accessed 9-19-12, AT)

There is a growing awareness ,…by extending the PTC.

Long term commitment sends signal of consistency and leadership

Cuttino, Director of the Pew Clean Energy Program, 6-29

(Phyllis, “Renew the Production Tax Credit Now,” accessed 9-6-12, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/06/tax-reform-whats-at-stake-for.php)

Congress has historically preferred to implement energy …. to assure our global leadership in a rapidly emerging new sector.

2 Impacts 1^st is Warming:

Recent talks prove US behavior will be modeled

Wilmington Business Information, 5-31

("US-UK agreement on offshore development", Ebsco, accessed 9-6-12, AT)

Energy ministers from 23 of the world's … Ernst and Young as the most attractive market among investors.

Wind energy is the only way to solve for warming in time, allows for quick integration

Barbosa, University of Porto Engineering Professor, 9

(F. Maciel and Luis Ferreira Engineering Professors at the University of Porto, J. Torres Farinha, Inácio Fonsec, Viriato Marques, and António Simões are Engineering Researchers at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra ,”Integrating Wind Power energy into electric grids an environmental issue”,  www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2009/lalaguna/EPREWA/EPREWA15.pdf, accessed 9-19-12, AT)

Renewable Energy Systems (RES) and … given the pressing threat of climate change.

Warming is real and anthropogenic – numerous studies prove

Rahmstorf, Professor of Physics of the Oceans, 8

(Richard, Professor of Physics of the Oceans at Potsdam University, Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto, Google books, Edited by Ernesto Zedillo, “Anthropogenic Climate Change?,” pg. 42-4, accessed 2-9-12, AT)

It is time to turn to statement B: human activities are … conclusions are wrong has to be considered minute.  

Warming increases kills agriculture and leads to extinction

Tickell, Climate researcher, 8

(Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Gaurdian, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, 8-11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ commentisfree/2008/aug/11/ climatechange, ldg)

We need to get prepared for four degrees of global … towards a similar hothouse Earth.

Independently, increased CO2 will destroy the oceans

Stern, Head of the British Government Economic Service, 7

(Nicholas, “The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review”, pg 86, ldg)

Ocean acidification, a direct result of … but as yet un-quantified wider impacts.

Oceans provides necessities to avoid extinction

Craig, Indiana University School of Law associate law professor, 3

[Robin Kundis, "Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection? Fishing and Coral Reef Marine Reserves in Florida and Hawaii," McGeorge Law Review, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, Winter, l/n, accessed 2007, mss]

The world's oceans contain many resources and provide … to be worth over twenty billion dollars per year, worldwide. 20

2^nd is Heg

Clean tech leadership allows for alliances and smart power, remedies problems of power projection

Nye et al, Harvard Political Science Professor, 7

 (Joseph, former assistant secretary of defense, Richard L. Armitage was deputy secretary of state, "Stop getting mad, America. Get Smart", 12-12-07, www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/IL12Df01.html, accessed 9-19-12, AT)

The world is dissatisfied with American … thing to do.

Environmental leadership key to US primacy

Klarevas, Professor of Center for Global Affairs, New York University, 9

(Louis, 12/15/09, Associated Press, “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html, 12/1/10, atl)

As national leaders from around the …strategy of greengemony.

Sustainable energy provides security and prevents hegemonic decline

Kennedy, Budapest-based National Science Foundation, 6

(Michael, "From Transition to Hegemony", 1-2-6, http://www.watsoninstitute.org/pub/Kennedy-From_Transition_Hegemony.pdf, accessed 9-7-12, AT)

Even as we explore the articulation of …of transition culture itself.

Decline causes global great-power war, collapses trade and spreads economic nationalism and protectionism

Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 11

(Yuhan, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry”, 1-22, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/, DOA: 9-21-11, ldg)

This does not necessarily mean that the US …devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Status quo short-term extensions create uncertain markets and stifles the industry 5 Reasons

Wiser, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory Research Scientist, 7

(Ryan, Energy and Resources PhD University of California, "Wind Power and the Production Tax Credit: An Overview of Research Results", Testimony Prepared for a Hearing on “Clean Energy: From the Margins to the Mainstream” Senate Finance Committeeeetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/wiser-senate-test-4-07.pdf, accessed 9-19-12, AT)

The PTC reduces the cost of wind … is the goal of the PTC).

Turbine build up would be fast, industries waiting for stable policy

Bennett, ICF International Research Analyst, 8

(Michelle, Masters of Science, Environmental Studies at Macquarie University, ICF is a venture capital firm in the engineering and environmental business, "The Unlimited Potential of American Wind Power: AWEA", 4-22-08, cleantechnica.com/2008/04/22/the-unlimited-potential-of-american-wind-power-awea, accessed 9-18-12, AT)

The American Wind Energy … our competition forges ahead.

Civitas reports are faulty science- wind energy doesn’t require backups, saves fuel, and is economically viable

Casey, Senior Communications Officer, 1-9

1.       (Zoe, BA, Geography and Economics with European Study at University of Exeter, MA, Middle East studies and Arabic at University of Exeter,

Former European Voice Journalist, author for RenewableEnergyWorld.com, "Inaccurate report disregards facts of wind energy",

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2012/01/inaccurate-report-disregards-facts-of-wind-energy, accessed 7-30-12) RKB

A report published in Britain has …with the scientific consensus.”

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Romney will win – he’s winning middle class, Catholics, and economic-minded people – those are the most key

Politico, 9-24

(“Republican poll analysis: Romney winning with middle-class families,” 9-24-21, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0912/81584.html, accessed 9-24-12, ara)

The past several weeks have been filled with news … the ultimate target group in any presidential election.

No link- opposition to wind power is ineffective and not absolute

Pralle and Boscarino, 11

(Sarah and Jessica, Associate Professor of Political Science at Syracuse and Assistant Professor at Marist, "Framing Trade-offs: The Politics of Nuclear Power and Wind Energy in the Age of Global Climate Change", Review of Policy Research, 7-1-11, Ebsco) RKB

Unlike the case of nuclear energy, opposition to…in local communities around the nation.

No risk in tear – Putin likes Romney and will cooperate inevitably

Englund, Washington Post Russian Correspondent, 12

(Will, Pulitzer Prize winner, September 18, 2012, “Vladi­mir Putin says of Mitt Romney: At least he’s direct”, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/romney-at-least-hes-direct-says-putin/2012/09/17/3452a0b8-ff5b-11e1-8adc-499661afe377_story.html, 9/18/12, atl)

MOSCOW — Soviet leaders used to prefer Republicans to … promises the sort of continuity that Putin values.

No risk of war or relations collapse- practical necessity ensures no escalation- even in moments of crisis

Sestanovich, Colombia University Professor of International Diplomacy, 8

(Stephen, Colombia University International Diplomacy professor and CFR (Council on Foreign Relations) Russian and Eurasian Studies senior fellow, Nov/Dec 2008, "What Has Moscow Done?", http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/fa/v87i6/02.html, accessed 10/08/09)

Against this backdrop, Russia's invasion of a small neighbor…foreseeable future probably nothing will.

Putin’s re-election guarantees stability

Moscow Times, 3/26/12

(Andrei Tsygankov, “Reforms Loom in Russia 3.0,” http:~/~/www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/reforms-loom-in-russia-30/455445.html, CW, accessed on 3/25/12)

There are three main drivers of Russia's political change … hard-pressed not to respond to their demands. 

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Perm- endorse the aff and all non-exclusive parts of their alternative

Solves better, using capitalism to fight itself is more effective

Rothkrug, Monthly Review, 1990

(Paul, “Ecological and historical timetables - comments on 'Socialism and Ecology'; includes reply of editors - letter to the editor

Monthly Review, March, 1990, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_n10_v41/ai_8834605/pg_2/?tag=content;col1, ldg)

No institution is or ever has been a seamless monolith. … success for that very effort.

Turn

Can’t abandon growth, past the limits of growth-only way to avert extinction is through technological progress

AtKisson, former executive editor of In Context: A Quarterly of Humane Sustainable Culture, 2003

(Alan, “Sustainability is Dead— Long Live Sustainability”, 3-20, http:~/~/www.rrcap.unep.org/uneptg06/course/Robert/pdf, ldg)

At precisely the moment when humanity’s science, … .. we can never stop.

Turn-Rejection of capitalism causes massive transition wars and fails

Harris, fellow Hoover Institution, 2003

(Lee, “The Intellectual Origins of America-Bashing”, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458371.html, ldg)

This is the immiserization thesis of Marx. And it is central to revolutionary … schemes would be reduced to pipe dreams.

Turn- Retreat does nothing it creates a void that allows corporate power to go unchecked

Boggs, National University, 1997

(Carl, “The great retreat: Decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America.”, Theory and Society; Dec97, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p741-780, ebsco, ldg)

Both mall culture and mass media symbolize …, their hegemony will simply go unchallenged.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Effect is minimal and squo solves

Fears, Washington Post reporter, 11

(Darryl, "Wind farms under fire for bird kills", 8-28-11, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/wind-farms-under-fire-for-bird-kills/2011/08/25/gIQAP0bVlJ_story.html, accessed 9-1-12, AT)

The lack of hard rules has caused some at the conservancy to speculate that federal authorities have decided that the killing of birds — … might not comply, “The threat of prosecution does remain,” Delach said. 

New planning solves your impacts

Thomsen et. al, Michael-Otto Institute Research Associate, 6

(Kai-Michael, Hermann Hotker, Heike Jeromin, "Impact on biodiversity of exploitation of renewble energy sources", http://www.batsandwind.org/pdf/impacts%20on%20biodiversity%20of%20renewable%20energy.pdf, accessed 9-28-12, AT)

Despite all studies on measures to be taken in and around wind farms, the choice of the right site is still the most important method to reduce the negative effects wind … wind energy development.

Warming destroys biodiversity- harms biodiversity hotspots and ecosystems

IPCC 2008

(A scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, “Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report Summary for Policymakers”, 3-3, http:~/~/www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_pdf, ldg)

Risks to unique and threatened systems. There is new and stronger evidence .. small island communities to warming is projected.

No impact—biodiversity loss is insignificant
Sagoff, Maryland public policy senior scholar, 1997
(Mark, “INSTITUTE OF BILL OF RIGHTS LAW SYMPOSIUM DEFINING TAKINGS: PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE FUTURE OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION: MUDDLE OR MUDDLE THROUGH? TAKINGS JURISPRUDENCE MEETS THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT”, March, 38 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 825, lexis, ldg)

To be sure, if extinctions continue at present rates indefinitely, … of human action. n354 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

CO2 fertilization doesn’t solve food insecurity

Füssel, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 9

(Hans-Martin, PIK is located in Germany, "Review And Quantitative Analysis Of Indices Of Climate Change Exposure, Adaptive Capacity, Sensitivity, And Impacts," Development and Climate Change, August 17, 2009, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/9193/WDR2010_0004.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 9-14-12, mtf)

26. Global studies on the combined effect of climate change and CO2 .. .. that are currently food-insecure.

No ice age coming – anthropogenic warming is a bigger threat

Feulner and Rahmstorf, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 10

(Georg and Stefan, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, "On the effect of a new grand minimum of solar activity on the future climate on Earth," GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37, March 10, 2010, http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/Publications/Journals/feulner_rahmstorf_2010.pdf, accessed 9-15-12, mtf)

3. Results and Conclusions

14 Results for the evolution of the global mean temperature until the year .. lasted for only several decades or a century at most.

Note: the Maunder minimum is connected to the Little Ice Age, a time of markedly lower temperatures, and the main cause of a potential new ice age

Tournament: Westpoint | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Perm do both

States can’t solve transboundary issues AND can’t afford research, which is key to effective policy

Stein, Associate Professor, Tulane University School of Law, 12

(Amy L, “The Tipping Point Of Federalism,” 7-3-12, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2098176, Connecticut Law Review, accessed 8-17-12, ara)

Federalism scholars like Professor Robert Glicksman have identified five traditional federalism justifications….fiscal tools to fund regulation addressing egalitarian concerns.42

States can’t coordinate – administrative and language barriers

National Governor’s Association, 2

(National Governor’s Association, Center for Best Practice, “Improving Public Transportation Services through Effective Statewide Coordination,” 2002, http://www.nga.org/files/live/sites/NGA/files/pdf/011503IMPROVINGTRANS.pdf, accessed 9-5-12, ara)

One of the major barriers to coordination among different state .. can emerge from this understanding.

States can’t fund – budget deficits

Oliff, Policy Analyst, State Fiscal Project, CBPP, 12

(Phil, Policy analyst at the State Fiscal Project at the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, MA in Public Policy from Harvard, Chris Mai, and Vincent Palacios, “States Continue to Feel Recession’s Impact,” 7-27-12, http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=711, accessed 9-3-12, ara)

As a new fiscal year begins, the latest… fast enough to recover fully soon

No spillover – nations don’t model US federalism

Stephan, Government Professor, Columbia University, 99

(Alfred, previously Professor of Government at Oxford University, “Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model,” 1999, http:~/~/muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v010/10.4stepan.html, accessed 9-20-12, ara)

Yet although these three points are a reasonably accurate depiction of the … fundamentally different structures. This leads us to our next point.

Federalism isn’t linear – multiple levels of interaction are constantly in flux; means no impact to minor changes like the aff

Osofsky and Wiseman, Law Professors, University of Minnesota and FSU, 8-29

(Hari M.,  2011 Lampert Fesler Research Fellow at University of Minnesota Law School, Associate Director of Law, Geography and Environment, Fellow at the Institute on the Environment, and Hannah J., Assistant Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, “Dynamic Energy Federalism,” 8-29-12, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2138127, accessed 9-20-12, ara)

With these rather narrow applications of federalism to energy, … governance, which Part III explores in more depth.

Tournament: Westpoint | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1) We Meet—Investment tax credits are a type of financial incentive.

2) Counter Interpretation— Financial incentives include grants, tax credits and loans

Krueger and Hoffman, ABA Special Committee on Energy Law Chairman, 81

(Robert B., Senior Partner, law firm of Nossaman, Krueger and Marsh, Los Angeles, CA; Chairman, ABA Special Committee on Energy Law; Peter C., UCLA School of Law, Class of 1981, "ARTICLE: Legislative Developments in Solar Energy During 1980," 1 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 161, Spring 1981, lexis, accessed 8-1-12, mtf)

1. Financial Incentives State and local governments ….; six states have use-tax exemptions; and six states provide subsidized loan programs. n45

3) We Meet Our Counter Interpretation—the plan provides investment tax credits for wind farms.

4) Their Interpretation is Bad—

A) Overlimits—their definition limits out any affirmative that provides government dollars to match a certain level of private investment. That makes un-topical most types of financial incentives.

B) Topic Education—their definition hurts in depth topic education because we cannot debate the core of the financial incentives literature, which are tax credits.

5) Our Interpretation is Good—

A) Predictability—tax credits are at the heart of the financial incentives literature base.

B) Limits—our interpretation only justifies plans that provide government money in response to a certain level of private investment.

6) No In Round Abuse— We haven’t linked out of any disadvantages or kritiks based on the plan text.

7) Literature Checks Abuse— There is robust literature base on tax credits and there are numerous negative arguments to be made against it.

8) We are having a competitive debate, tax credits are at the heart of the topic, and good is good enough.

Tournament: Westpoint | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

We meet- Tax credit expires at the end of the year, we extend it indefinitely, that’s an infinite increase in financial incentives.

Counter interpretation – Substantially means a considerable amount

Random House, 2009

Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, "Substantially," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/substantially, mss

sub⋅stan⋅tial  suhb-stan-shuhl

–adjective

1.             of ample or considerable amount, quantity, size, etc.: a substantial sum of money.

We meet our counter- interp- the plan considerably increases the amount of tax credits for Wind

Prefer our interp

A. Aff flex – they force the aff to defend untenable mechanisms that are easy to negate

B. No Ground loss - they have links for all their DA’s

C. Education – they focus the debate away from topic specific mechanisms

Reasonability – reason to reject the arg not the team.

70% would be arbitrary justifies picking a number out of a hat infinitely regressive

3) neg over limits – number definitions confine affs

4) prefer aff flex- there are not many good

Tournament: Westpoint | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

FW – evaluate plan in vacuum

External events—like natural catastrophes—that threaten our existence also threaten the being-ness

Svenaeus, Södertörn University Department of Philosophy Centre for Studies in Practical Knowledge, 10

(Fredrik, 24 November 2010, "Illness as unhomelike being-in-the-world: Heidegger and the phenomenology of medicine," Med Health Care and Philos (2011) 14:333–343, 9/15/12, atl)

If we adhere to this interpretation of the concept of ‘meaning’, that is … in their radical and dreadful otherness.

Focusing on deliberation in the debate forum challenges elite hold to power, and maintains critical perspective

Hager, Bryn Mawr College professor of political science, 92

(Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70, 10/17/12, atl)

During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted to …. activism, will ensure that the search continues for a space for a delibera-tive politics in modern technological society.61

The alt is violent, causes passivity, and makes exploitation worse

Graham, Queensland Graduate School of Management, 99

(Phil, “Heidegger’s Hippies: A dissenting voice on the “problem of the subject” in cyberspace, Identities in Action! 1999, http:~/~/www.philgraham.net/HH_pdf, 10/4/12, atl)

Societies should get worried when Wagner’s music becomes popular because it .. and ontology are the least of all worries.

Ontology is a destructive historical fiction – any gateway claims are just tricks based on how we shelve books

Shirky, NYU Interactive Telecommunications Program Professor 5

(Clay, March 15, 2005, “Ontology is Overrated”, http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail470.html, 10/4/12, atl)

There are many ways to organize data: labels, lists, …because without categories, you can no longer locate individual books.

Tech thought is inevitable
Kateb, Princeton politics professor, 97
(George, “Technology and the Rest of Culture”, Ohio State Univ Pr (Txt) (June 2001), 10/4/12, atl)

But the question arises as to where a …. loose from the highest human aspiration.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

New technology doesn’t require rare earth metals

Patton, Recharge News, 11

(Dominique, "Rare earths miner Molycorp invests in Boulder Wind", 9-24-11, http://www.rechargenews.com/business_area/finance/article277963.ece, accessed 10-15-12, AT)

com/ has invested in part of Boulder Wind'com/ $35m capital-raising effort, buying .. of rare earths for wind turbine production. 

New metals don’t come from China

Benson, Natural News Staff Writer, 11

(Jonathan, "Advanced wind turbine design eliminates need for environmentally-harmful rare earth metals, generates electricity t .4 per kWh", 9-22-11, http:~/~/www.naturalnews.com/033647_wind_turbines_rare_earth_html, accessed 10-15-12, AT)

According to a recent report by Green Tech Media, the budding technology does not .. environmentally-friendly extraction process, its potential to replace current wind html technologies is essentially a given.

The U.S. is incentivizing domestic production-~--will cause self-sufficiency

Humphries, CRS energy policy specialist, 2011

(Marc, “Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain”, 9-6, http:~/~/www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/pdf, DOA: 10-2-12, ldg)

The concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) production in China raises … supply chain in the United States.

More Supply soon

Cho, Staffer at The Earth Institute, 9-20-12

(Renee, at Columbia University, “Rare earth metals: Will we have enough?”, Accessed 9-22-12, http:~/~/phys.org/news/2012-09-html) NJR

The U.S., South Africa, Canada, Australia, Brazil, ..to be operating at full capacity this year.

No war in the South China sea

Gupta, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses associate fellow, 10-23-11

(Rukmani, “South China Sea Conflict? No Way”, http:~/~/the-diplomat.com/2011/10/23/south-china-sea-conflict-no-way/http://the-diplomat.com/2011/10/23/south-china-sea-conflict-no-way/, DOA: 10-23-11, ldg)

These suggestions to recalibrate Indian policy towards the South China Sea and its relationship .. to exaggerate claims so as to secure a better negotiating stance.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Environmental crisis discourse doesn’t cause securitization – it mobilizes actions to prevent catastrophe

Leboeuf, Ifri International Relations Research Fellow, 08

(Aline, "Securitization of Health and Environmental Issues: Process and Effects. A Research Outline” http://www.ifri.org/files/Sante_env/Securitization _Health_Environment.pdf, p. 3, 9/2/12, atl)

Be it HIV/AIDS, avian influenza, climate change, etc., .. to try to solve these issues

Environmental security affirms an ethic of natural communitarianism – doesn’t view the environment as an external object

Weintraub, NYU JD, 93

(Bernard A. M.E.S., 1993, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, “Environmental Security, Environmental Management, and Environmental Justice” Pace Environmental Law Review School of Law 1-1-1995, 9/2/12, atl)

As they retreated in January of 1991, Iraqi troops set fire to .. be the entity that it conceives itself to be. 15

Environmental managerialism establishes nature as a necessary component of itself – opens space for fluid ethical relationships

Weintraub, NYU JD, 93

(Bernard A. M.E.S., 1993, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, “Environmental Security, Environmental Management, and Environmental Justice” Pace Environmental Law Review School of Law 1-1-1995, 9/2/12, atl)

As was mentioned above, the term environment is … altered by the resulting social instability.

An ethical obligation to prevent specific atrocities precedes ontology—the death of the "other" calls our very being into question

Bulley 04 (Dan, PhD Candidate @ Department of Politics and International Studies--University of Warwick, "Ethics and Negotiation," www.lancs.ac.uk/fss/politics/events/aber/ethics%20and%20negotiation%20-%20bulley.doc)

Crucially an openness to justice cannot be an a priori good thing. Indeed, like … nevertheless remains a closure. And every closure is problematic.

Security discourse is inevitable – rejection of environmentalism cedes power to the elites

Liftin, University of Washington Political Science Professor, 98

(Karen T., “Constructing Environmental Security and Ecological Interdependence”, Global Governance 5 (1998), 9/1/12, atl)

It may be tempting to jettison environmental security, … construct their speech acts.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Immediate fiat takes out the link- means there’s no time for debate and attaching riders or amendments to the plan. This is the best interpretation- 4 reasons:

1. Disad ground- immediacy is key to politics links- it’s impossible to read politics disads and uniqueness to future actions.

2. Its reciprocal- checks unpredictable aff advantages based off rider-of-the-week arguments.

3. Reaction links solve their offense- they still get horse-trading disads and politics linked off of backlash- still get political capital disads.

AND- Independently, the resolution mandates immediate action-

A. Should means immediately

Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, no date given

"Should," http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/should, mss

* Main Entry: should     …

2 —.. brush your teeth after each meal

B. Resolved means to have already come to a determination

Random House Dictionary, 2009

Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, "resolved," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved, mss

re⋅solve ri-zolv-solved, -solv⋅ing, noun

13.          to come to a determination; make up one's mind; determine (often fol. by on or upon): to resolve on a plan of action.

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T-Incentives Must Be More Than One- 2AC answers

• • 1. • • We meet--we permanently extend the production tax credit for any company that wants to build wind energy--this means that EACH COMPANY gets a UNIQUE tax credit--means we give multiple discrete incentives.
           
           2. Counter-interpretation--the term "incentives" in the resolution is a general term referring to an entire group of financial policies--this means the aff only has to increase the overall size of the category of the incentives over the status quo.
           
           3. Our counter-interpretation is best:
           a. Aff ground--all the solvency advocates specify particular incentives--coherent 1ac-making requires single-incentive focus.

b. destroys fairness and explodes neg ground--forcing us to substantially increase multiple incentives supercharges neg link ground and leaves us open to CPs that PIC out of just ONE incentives--means the aff would never win and destroys fairness.

c. Education--our interpretation gives depth of education on particular incentives

4. No ground loss:
a. the neg still gets all their links based on increasing incentives
b. substantial checks--forces us to be significant enough for them to
have ground

5. No education loss- we don't limit out discussion of
particular incentives.

6. Reasonability checks abuse-we provide a stable generic link based
off of an incentive mechanism that is prevalent in the literature.

7. Don't vote on potential abuse--we haven't spiked out of any DAs or

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Sub point A – our political strategy must include the state- standing outside risks disciplinary exclusion

Krause et al., Oxford philosophy professor, 1997

(Keith, “Critical security studies: concepts and cases”, xv-xvi, ldg)

These and other critical perspectives have much to say to each other in the construction … actor in contemporary world politics

Sub point B – roleplaying the state in context of debate is good –it’s the only way to assess state action and acquire the knowledge to challenge it

Ryan Galloway, University of Georgia Debate Coach, February 21, 2001

Debate as a Dialectic, p. http:~/~/www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0588.html

Second, dialectics are more persuasive than one-… experiment and then say "We've found cold fusion! Viva le Revolution." 

Third, permutation –

Agree that both the Affirmative advocacy of supporting Wind energy reject notions of racism, there is not specific instances of the 1Ac that leads to

Rejecting whiteness is the same practice of exclusion that their critique argues against. Our permutation presents a way of challenging the imposed ideologies of whiteness without becoming engulfed in its very practices

Monahan, Marquette philosophy professor, 2008

(Michael, “Racial Justice and the Politics of Purity”, http:~/~/www.temple.edu/isrst/Events/documents/doc, ldg)

The abolitionist/elimitavist position demands that any . .. links racial categories to oppressive norms.

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Coercion

Permutation—do the plan and reject all other instances of coercion.

2) paying taxes isn’t coercion and the alternative is the breakdown of civil society

The Economist, 4-15-11

(“Ayn Rand on tax day,” http:~/~/www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/04/taxes_and_com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/04/taxes_and_government)

This is faintly ridiculous. From one side, the libertarian anarchist .. . against a certain degree of bad fortune.

3) No Link—paying taxes in a democracy isn’t coercion

de Neufville, 4-22-11

(Robert, “Taxation is not slavery,” http:~/~/bigthink.com/ideas/38029url:http://bigthink.com/ideas/38029)

“Taxation without representation,” as James … part to pay for those programs.

4) Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences

Jeffrey C. Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 2002, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine

Power is not a dirty word or an unfortunate feature of the world. It is the core of politics. Power is the .. it undermines political effectiveness.

No Link—taxes are not stealing—they have democratic consent and prevent free riding

Lee, 09 

(Adam, “Taxation is not theft,” http:~/~/www.daylightatheism.org/2009/04/html)

The centerpiece of the libertarian rhetorical .. its terms to favor your particular preferences.

Turn—all decisions on taxes involve morals—

The Economist, 4-15-11

(“Ayn Rand on tax day,” http:~/~/www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/04/taxes_and_com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/04/taxes_and_government)

As Abraham Lincoln said so well, "The legitimate object of government, is to .. have one or two worthwhile points.

7)

8) Social contract proves we consent to governmental action.

Pelusa, 2003 (“Social Contract Theory” http:~/~/www.faithnet.org.uk/A2%20Subjects/Ethics/Holland-Trujillo Aff  JPD)

In essence the social contract theory is an agreement whereby people .. .. authoritarian the ruler is able to become (and vice versa). 

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Liberal democracies promote freedom and autonomy the best to solve for their MPX

Floyd, British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow, 2011

(Rita, Ph.D. Warwick University, "Can securitization theory be used in normative analysis? Towards a just securitization theory," Security Dialogue 42, pg. 431-432) cab

Note that rather than subjective levels of ‘happiness’ .. .. indicators of human well-being in any given context.

Science and expertise are both inevitable—the purpose of political discourse is to put these to good use—we interrogate both the systemic and existential impacts of warming

Demerritt, King’s College London Department of Geography, 6

(David, "The Construction of Global warming and the Politics of Science",www.unc.edu/courses/2006spring/geog/203/001/demerritt.pdf, 10/6/12, atl)

In this article, I reconsider the relationships .. of what he calls the modern risk society

we can reinvent the police to produce civil forms of security that produce liberty and resolve threat construction.

Loader et al., All Souls College criminology professor, 2007

(Ian, Civilizing Security, pg 115-6, ldg)

The variant of state - and security - scepticism . …, consider one further critique of the modern state tradition.

2. There is no such thing as self-hood and identity without the state—only continued engagement can create the ethical community necessary for self-making and genuine freedom.

Taylor, Oxford Social and Political Theory Professor, 1975

(Charles, Hegel, Cambridge UP, pg. 380-386) cab

These ideas only appear mysterious because of the powerful …..Absolute (which means also the Absolute's self-identity).

3. Perm do both – work against sovereign, binaries

power relations are strategically reversible-empirically proven.

Campbell, political science professor John Hopkins University, 1998

(David, Writing Security: US Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity; p. 204-205, ldg)

The political possibilities enabled by this .. .. (among others) have also issued claims on society.

Focusing on deliberation in the debate forum challenges elite hold to power, and maintains critical perspective

Hager, Bryn Mawr College professor of political science, 92

(Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70, 10/17/12, atl)

During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted to overcome its …. .. politics in modern technological society.61

4. The alt can’t solve:

A. The Alternative cannot overcome the state

Daly, Research Fellow at the Philosophy Department of the Australian National University, 2004

(Frances, The Non-Citizen and the Concept of Human Rights; Borderlands E-Journal; Volume 3, Number 1, project muse, ldg)

It is always possible to suppose that a self-fashioned .. type of issue it addresses.

B. Alternative will be co-opted – Tiananmen square proves

Agamben, Professor Aesthetics at University of Verona, 2000

(Giorgio, Means Without Ends: Notes on Politics, pg 49-50 ldg)

This is the lesson that could have been learned .. or later, the tanks will appear again.

5. Death outweighs the K

Wapner, professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University, 2003

(Paul, “Leftist Criticism of "Nature" Environmental Protection in a Postmodern Age,” Dissent Winter 2003 http:~/~/www.dissentmagazine. org/menutest/archives/2003/ wi03/html, ldg)

All attempts to listen to nature are social constructions-except one. Even the most radical .. .. their fundamental moral commitment.

6. Turn

Alt cedes the political-people don’t think criticism is useful.

Gitlin, PhD in sociology from UC Berkeley, 2005

(Todd, The Intellectuals and the Flag, pg 1-2, ldg)

This book assumes that political thinking matters to the fate of …—resistance is its negative pole.

People can assert agency in the face of state power, invoking the concept of bare life destroys that

Casarino et al., Minnesota cultural studies professor, 2004

(Cesare, “It’s a Powerful Life: A Conversation on Contemporary Philosophy” Cultural Critique, 57, Spring, JSTOR, ldg)

AN: I believe Giorgio is writing a sequel to Homo Sacer, and I feel that … to subtract or neutralize our resistance.  

No solvency – we need to come to terms with the sovereign exception, pure rejection is violent

Moreiras, Duke literature professor, 4

(Alberto, “A God Without Sovereignty. Political Jouissance. The Passive Decision”, CR: The New Centennial Review, 4.3, proquest, ldg)

But Rasch remains a Schmittian, not a Benjaminian. For him, no interruption of the … and unjuridifiable good” (Agamben 2003, 83).

Sovereignty inevitable-pretending otherwise causes violence

Gomez-Arribas, Westminster Center for the Study of Democracy, 5

(Xavier, “Between Fear and Wonder: International Politics, Representation and ‘the Sublime’”, 10-29, http:~/~/www.hypertope.com/files/Time%20Revival.pdf, DOA: 2-1-12, ldg)

I suggest that if we apply this thesis to the “spatial demise/time revival” … … its different versions).