Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Neo-Liberalism K

Link

The plan is a modern enclosure-it forces reliance on markets for livelihoods and organizes society which make livelihoods zero sum

De Angelis, East London political economy professor, 2004

(Massimo, “Opposing fetishism by reclaiming our powers: The Social Forum movement, capitalist markets and the politics of alternatives”, International Social Science Journal Volume 56, Issue 182, Wiley, ldg)

There is not the space here to discuss the processes of market creation. ……………………………………………..s. For Hayek, the abstract mechanism of the market is a spontaneously emerging system of freedom (De Angelis 2002).

Plan’s deregulation is the mantra of neoliberalism.

Wasserman, Nuclear Information Resource Service senior advisor, 2001

(Harvey, “Deregulation: The mantra of corporate globalization”, http:~/~/www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Economics/Deregulation_html(%%), DOA: 6-23-12, ldg)

Deregulation is a disaster for the public. All ……………………………….-translates into a complete feudalization of economic life on this planet.

Permeation of economic rationality via the plan entrenches inequality

Brown, Maryland sociology professor, 2002

(Richard, “Global Capitalism, National Sovereignty, And The Decline Of Democratic Space”, Rhetoric and Public Affairs; Summer2002, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p347-357, ebsco, ldg)

The intrusion of market rationality into formerly autonomous …………………factors narrow public space and the possibilities of informed, active citizenship

Aff’s logic of incentives presumes universal rationality and drives for profit-re-entrenches neoliberalism.

Reno, Michigan anthropology PhD, 2011

(Joshua, “Motivated Markets: Instruments and Ideologies of Clean Energy in the United Kingdom”, Cultural Anthropology Volume 26, Issue 3, pages 389–413, August 2011, Wiley, ldg)

To grapple with these ongoing efforts of social transformation, ………………………………….new and potentially alienating forms

Allowing market principles to dictate the transition to renewables short circuits it—creates neo-liberalism.

Abramsky, former Institute of Advanced Studies in Science, Technology and Society fellow, 2010

(Kolya, Sparking a Worldwide Energy Revolution: Social Struggles in the Transition to a Post-Petrol World, pg 26-7, ldg)

The fact that coal and oil are finite resources means that there is a long-term ………………………………………….technology transfer against the iron straitjacket of the international patent regimes.

Impact

1nc

Globalization makes extinction inevitable- social and environmental factors build positive feedbacks create a cascade of destruction - only massive social reorganization of society can produce sustainable change and save the planet

Ehrenfeld, Rutgers biology professor, 2005

(David, “The Environmental Limits to Globalization”, Conservation Biology Vol. 19 No. 2, ebsco, ldg)

Ehrenfeld ‘5,

The overall environmental changes brought about or ……………………………..to the life-threatening problems exacerbated by globalization (Ehrenfeld 2003b).

2nc/1nr

Root cause of global warming is neoliberal drive for profit-try or die for reorganizing social relations

Abramsky, former Institute of Advanced Studies in Science, Technology and Society fellow, 2010

(Kolya, Sparking a Worldwide Energy Revolution: Social Struggles in the Transition to a Post-Petrol World, pg 7-9, ldg)

The stark reality is that the only two recent ………………………………and creativity of grassroots social mobilization.

Neoliberalism orders the world that renders economically vulnerable societies disposable-creates structural violence and war

Giroux, McMaster cultural studies professor, 2008

(Henry, “Beyond the biopolitics of disposability: rethinking neoliberalism in the New Gilded Age”, Social Identities; Sep2008, Vol. 14 Issue 5, p587-620, ebsco, ldg)

The mutually determining forces of every deepening inequality ………………………………..configurations are ‘stripped of political significance and exposed to murderous violence’ (Ziarek, 2008, p. 90).

Alt

The alternative is to embraces commons instead of enclosures

1nc

Discourse of the commons solves-creates space to challenge neoliberalism

De Angelis, East London political economy professor, 2003

(Massimo, “Reflections on alternatives, commons and communities”, Winter, http:~/~/www.commoner.org.uk/pdf(%%), DOA: 7-2-12, ldg)

This movement has posed the question of a plurality ……………………………………..of commons, at the same time building and strengthening communities through the social fields.

2nc/1nr

3. Stops the spread of enclosures and creates autonomy against corporate golobaization.

De Angelis, East London political economy professor, 2004

(Massimo, “Separating the Doing and the Deed: Capital and the Continuous Character of Enclosures”, Historical Materialism; 2004, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p57-87, ebsco, ldg)

In the context of contemporary dynamics, the many types of ‘new enclosures’ …………………………..characteristic is to provide various degrees of protection from the market.

Human nature can be changed- its not set in advance and pedagogical transformation in this debate can change economic preference formation

Schor, Boston College economics professor, 2010

(Julie, Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth, pgs. 11-2, ldg)

And we don’t have to. What’s odd about the narrowness of the national ……………………………..forward that addresses both. That’s what plenitude offers.

Empirically disproven AND markets exacerbate all the same problems.

Bollier, USC Annenberg School for Communication senior fellow, 2002

(David, “Reclaiming the Commons”, Summer, http:~/~/bostonreview.net/BR27.3/html(%%), DOA: 6-29-12, ldg)

In an age of market triumphalism and economic myopia, it is an open question ……………………………ignore such vital species of common wealth as:

They cede the political- neoliberalism collapses the public sphere and creates a drive for accumulation that ends in extinction

Giroux, McMaster cultural studies professor, 2006

(Henry, “Dirty Democracy and State Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States”,  Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 26.2 (2006) 163-177, project muse, ldg)

While it would be ludicrous to suggest that the United States either ……………………………………..alone, war forced 20 million children to leave their homes.16

Framework

Method first key-otherwise alternative modes of knowledge concerning neoliberalism are delegitimized..

Gunder et al., Aukland University senior planning lecturer, 2009

(Michael, Planning in Ten Words or Less: A Lacanian Entanglement with Spatial Planning pgs 111-2, ldg)

The hegemonic network, or bloc, initially ……………………….or city-region. largely resulting in a zero-sum game (Blair and Kumar 1997).

3. Discount all their answers - accepting the frame of neoliberalism gears solutions to be watered down or delegitimized

Faber and McCarthy, Northeastern University Philanthropy and Environmental Justice Research Project, 2003

(Daniel R Faber Director; Deborah McCarthy Research Associate, College of Charleston Assistant Professor of Sociology and Anthropology. “Neo-Liberalism, Globalization and the Struggle for Ecological Democracy Linking Sustainability and Environmental Justice.” Pg 56-7, ldg)

As we move further into the new millennium, the mainstream………………………………….., is causing a decline in public interest and participation in national environmental politics (Faber and O'Connor, 1993)./

Episomology

Refuse the AFF’s knowledge production-markets create subservient subjects who conform to the rationality of markets no matter what.

De Angelis, East London political economy professor, 2004

(Massimo, “Separating the Doing and the Deed: Capital and the Continuous Character of Enclosures”, Historical Materialism; 2004, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p57-87, ebsco, ldg)

If capital encloses, it cannot do it without a ………………………………………………… work on the assumption of such a normalised subject.

Expertise is not objective but leveraged to create the presence of rationality and neutrality-empirically this only furthers neoliberal globalization.

Faber, Northeastern sociology professor, 2008

(Daniel, Capitalizing on Environmental Injustice: The Polluter-Industrial Complex in the Age of Globalization, pg 103-106, ldg)

As we have seen, owners, chief executive officers, ……………………………………..analyses provided by the office often revealed dangers associated with pollution.123

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

HIA CP

The United States Federal Government should initiate a binding substantive environmental impact statement, including but not limited to a health impact assessment regarding the consequences of insert plan text and adopt such measure only if it can be made consistent with the results of the statement. We’ll clarify.

solvency

1nc

CP solves-public participation is key and equity norms make the plan more sustainable

Bratspies, CUNY law professor, 2010

(Rebecca, “The Intersection Of International Human Rights And Domestic Environmental Regulation”, 8-20, http:~/~/papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1662576url:http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1662576(%%), DOA: 8-18-12, ldg)

There are many lessons to draw from the ……………………………………………make scenarios like the Chukchi Sea leases less likely.

2nc/1nr

Domestic change spills over to international environment leadership

DeSombre, Wellesley university environmental studies and political science professor, 2010

(Elizabeth, “The United States and Global Environmental Politics: Domestic Sources of U.S. Unilateralism”, http:~/~/www.polisci.ufl.edu/usfpinstitute/2010/documents/readings/DeSombre%20Chapter.pdf(%%), DOA: 8-18-12, ldg)

U.S. leadership (or even level of …………………………..the domestic regulations that give it the incentive to do so.

. Binding signal of CP spills over

Cole et al., UCLA School of Public Health, 2007

(Brian, “Health Impact Assessment: A Tool to Help Policy Makers Understand Health Beyond Health Care”, Annual Review of Public Health Vol. 28, April, Annual Reviews, ldg)

Although interest in HIA in the United States……………….., nor is it the best approach to address all policy questions.

. Greater awareness creates demand

Collins et al., PhD and CDC's Associate Director for Program, 2009

(Janet, “Health Impact Assessment A Step Toward Health in All Policies”, 7-15, http:~/~/www.humanimpact.org/doc-lib/finish/14/17url:http://www.humanimpact.org/doc-lib/finish/14/17(%%), DOA: 8-18-12, ldg)

Health is determined not only by genetics ………………….decisions that improve health.

CP solves inevitable delays by incorporating the public

HIP 2010

(Health Impact Project, “Health Impact Assessment: Bringing Public Health Data to Decision Making”, December, http:~/~/www.healthimpactproject.org/resources/policy/file/pdf(%%), DOA; 8-18-12, ldg)

HIA can build community support …………………………associated with the lease sales was never challenged in court. Since then, the BLM has begun using HIA more commonly in similar planning and permitting decisions. 6

No impact to delays

Dreher, Georgetown Environmental law and policy institute deputy executive director, 2005

(Robert, “The Political Assault on the National Environmental Policy Act,” http:~/~/www.law.georgetown.edu/gelpi/research_archive/nepa/pdf(%%), DOA: 9-13-12, ldg)

Finally, the evidence does not support ………………………..in lengthy delays in decision making, which persons outside the agencies attributed to NEPA. 45

Net Benefit- hege

Minimizing health care costs is vital to hegemony and power projection

Haas, UVA political science PhD, 2008

(Mark, “Pax Americana Geriatrica”, 7-14, http:~/~/www.psmag.com/culture-society/pax-americana-geriatrica-4416/http://www.psmag.com/culture-society/pax-americana-geriatrica-4416/(%%), DOA: 8-22-12, ldg)

Although global population aging is likely to create substantial ………………………………….that help keep its median age relatively low and restrain the rising costs of its health care system.

Guarantees great power war

Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 11

(Yuhan, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry”, 1-22-11, http:~/~/www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/(%%), DOA: 9-21-11, ldg)

This does not necessarily mean that the US is in ……………………………………………………… we can forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Impact assessments solve the root causes of bad health and rising costs.

Jackson et al., UCLA environmental health sciences professor, 2011

(Richard, “Improving Health in the United States: The Role of Health Impact Assessment”, http:~/~/www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13229andpage=4url:http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13229andpage=4(%%), DOA: 8-22-12, ldg)

On the basis of the most recent data from the World Health …………………………………………both high-risk groups and the general public.

Deficit triggers recession and collapses leadership

Bergsten, Peterson Institute director, 2009

(Fred, “The Dollar and the Deficits,” Foreign Affairs; Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 88 Issue 6, ebsco, ldg)

A first step is to recognize the dangers of standing pat. For example, the United States' trade ……………………….economic and foreign policies will become increasingly compromised.

Environmental leadership

Domestic change spills over to international environment leadership

DeSombre, Wellesley university environmental studies and political science professor, 2010

(Elizabeth, “The United States and Global Environmental Politics: Domestic Sources of U.S. Unilateralism”, http:~/~/www.polisci.ufl.edu/usfpinstitute/2010/documents/readings/DeSombre%20Chapter.pdf(%%), DOA: 8-18-12, ldg)

U.S. leadership (or even level of participation) ……………………focus their efforts at creating the domestic regulations that give it the incentive to do so.

hege

Key to overall hegemony

Walter, former Deutsche Bank chief economist, 2002

(Norbert, “An American Abdication”, 8-28, http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/28/opinion/an-american-abdication.html, DOA: 8-21-12, ldg)

At present there is much talk about the unparalleled strength of the United States on the ……………………………………speaking, to get out of its oversized, gas-guzzling S.U.V. -- and join the rest of the world in doing more to combat global warming and protecting the planet.

Warming

Binding assessment serves as a template to solve climate change.

Christopher, JD and Advistor to United Nations Mission of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 2007

(Caleb, “Success By A Thousand Cuts: The Use Of Environmental Impact Assessment In Addressing Climate Change”, Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, lexis, ldg)

This pursuit for a singular global solution can be ………………………………..linking global goals with municipal action.

Solves warming-innovative solution and stakeholder buy in.
Christopher, JD and Advistor to United Nations Mission of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 2007
(Caleb, “Success By A Thousand Cuts: The Use Of Environmental Impact Assessment In Addressing Climate Change”, Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, lexis, ldg)

In no small part due to defects in the oversight and administration ………………………….and project-specific basis, the bridge between local action and international goals...linking global goals with municipal action.

Bio-terror

Increases public health and care accessibility is key to stop bioterrorism

Green, Ontario Genomics Institute Outreach Director, 2004

(Shane, “Bioterrorism and Health Care Reform: No Preparedness Without Access,”, May Virtual Mentor, the AMA Journal of Ethics, Vol. 6, No. 5, ldg)

But with the US presently engaged in a ……………………………………..get a foothold, ie, healthy people with easy access to health care.

Extinction

Ochs, Chemical Weapons Working Group president, 6/9/02

Richard, "Biological Weapons Must Be Abolished Immediately,” google

While a "nuclear winter," resulting from a massive exchange of nuclear weapons, ……………………………………………….of such plagues? HUMAN EXTINCTION IS NOW POSSIBLE.

Rights

Infusing environmental policy with HR norms boosts overall HR cred.

Bratspies, CUNY law professor, 2010

(Rebecca, “The Intersection Of International Human Rights And Domestic Environmental Regulation”, 8-20, http:~/~/papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1662576url:http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1662576(%%), DOA: 8-18-12, ldg)

There are certainly a host of emerging international ……………………………………..our understanding of environmental rights currently conveyed by domestic law in the United States.

Extinction.

Copeland, NYU law professor, 1999

(Rhonda, Professor of Law and Director of the International Women's Human Rights Law Clinic (IWHR) at the City University of New York School of Law, New York City Law Review, "The Indivisible Framework of International Human Rights: A Source of Social Justice in the U.S.," 3 N.Y. City L. Rev. 59, lexis, ldg)

The indivisible human rights framework survived the ………………………………………the human rights framework to bear on both domestic and foreign policy.

Perm answers

Binding key-ad hoc voluntary measures doesn’t cause a spillover

Cole et al., UCLA School of Public Health, 2008

(Brian, “Building Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Capacity: A Strategy for Congress and Government Agencies”, December, http:~/~/www.prevent.org/data/files/initiatives/pdf(%%), DOA: 8-18-12, ldg)

Some degree of institutionalization ……………………………………………is even conducted in a particular situation. 3

4. Corporate interests co-opt non bindng measures.

Bhatia et al., San Francisco Department of Public Health, 2009

(Rajiv, “Integrating human health into environmental impact assessment: an unrealized opportunity for environmental health and justice”, July/Aug, http:~/~/www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1413-81232009000400022andscript=sci_php?pid=S1413-81232009000400022andscript=sci_arttext(%%), DOA: 8-18-12, ldg)

Industry proponents should also be viewed as important potential …………………………………………………………….discuss collaboration on HIA and sustainable development planning.

5. Perm’s assessment would be useless-doesn’t solve net benefits.

Jackson et al., UCLA environmental health sciences professor, 2011

(Richard, “Improving Health in the United States: The Role of Health Impact Assessment”, http:~/~/www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13229andpage=4url:http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13229andpage=4(%%), DOA: 8-22-12, ldg)

The committee emphasizes that as long as HIA is conducted ……………………………………………are focused on the health needs of the advantaged.

Random House Dictionary, 2009

Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, "resolved," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved, mss

re⋅solved ri-zolvd

–adjective

firm in purpose or intent; determined.

Mechanism mandates certainty – “increase” must be a mandate

HEFC 2004

(Higher Education Funding Council for England, “Joint Committee on the Draft Charities Bill Written Evidence”, June, http:~/~/www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt200304/jtselect/jtchar/167/167we98.htm(%%), ldg)

9.1  The Draft Bill creates an obligation on the ………………………………………………statutory duty. Indeed, the obligation could be considered to be ever-increasing.

“Substantial” mean unconditional

Words and Phrases 64

(40 WandP 759)

The words “outward, open, actual, visible, ……………………………to any others; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive.

3. Severs immediacy – “should” means done now

Summer, Oklahoma Supreme Court, 1994

(Justice, “Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant”,http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287#marker3fn14, ldg)

4 The legal question to be resolved by ……………………………………opposed to something that will or would become effective in the future in futurol. See Van Wyck v. Knevals, 106 U.S. 360url:http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/deliverdocument.asp?box1=106andbox2=U.S.andbox3=360(%%), 365, 1 S.Ct. 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882).

4. Severs normal means- current impact statements rubber stamp environmental issues

Bratspies, CUNY law professor, 2010

(Rebecca, “The Intersection Of International Human Rights And Domestic Environmental Regulation”, 8-20, http:~/~/papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1662576url:http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1662576(%%), DOA: 8-18-12, ldg)

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) recognized "the ………………………………………norms is that they identify humans as the center of the environmental protection enterprise.

. Education- their interpretation forces us to ignore the role of policy formulation- that’s utopian and destroys education

Garrett, USC public policy professor, 9

(Elizabeth, University of Southern California Sydney M. Irmas professor of Legal Ethics, Political Science, and Policy, Planning, and Development; USC-Caltech Center for the Study of Law and Politics Co-Director, she specializes in the legislative process, the study of democratic institutions, and statutory interpretation, co-author of the fourth edition of the leading casebook on legislation and statutory interpretation, Cases and Materials on Legislation: Statutes and the Creation of Public Policy- she literally wrote the book on this stuff, American Law Institute fellow, American Bar Foundation life fellow, Harvard Law Review, "Statutory Default Rules: How To Interpret Unclear Legislation," 122 Harv. L. Rev. 2104, June 2009, l/n, accessed 2-7-12, mss)

One of Elhauge's most significant contributions to the literature on ………………………..approach. Thus, the problems of institutional capacity that bedevil the default rules framework undermine both its descriptive and normative justifications.

Theory
Big lit base on the CP-solves their offense.
Gaines et al., Institute for Natural Resources consultant and associate director, 2007
(Lisa, “NEPA for the 21st Century: A Comparative Analysis of Other Organizations’ Environmental Review Structures”, 5-16, http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/about/programs/fsd/NEPA/Final%20Draft%20 Report-160507.pdf, DOA: 8-21-12, ldg)

Since NEPA’s passage more than 35 ……………by federal agencies responsible for its implementation. Two studies are particularly instructive. 

 =

One of Elhauge's most significant contributions to the literature ……………………………………………..default rules framework undermine both its descriptive and normative justifications

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The US is encouraging multilateral cooperation on space issues now

Rose, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance Deputy Assistant Secretary, 11

(Frank, “Strengthening Stability in Space”, 4-6-11, AP, http:~/~/sg.news.yahoo.com/html, accessed 8-24-12 wdw)

Why is SSA …misperceptions, and mistrust.

SPS has ABM capabilities- Aff will be seen as a violation of the ABM treaty

Pop, space lawyer,  2000

(Virgiliu , PhD Student, Law School, University of Glasgow, space org/wiki/Space_law  “Security Implications of Non-Terrestrial Resource Exploitation” October 2000, http:~/~/www.spacefuture.com/pr/archive/security_implications_of_non_terrestrial_resource_shtml, accessed 8/15/12, vc)

The bilateral USA-USSR … a weapons system"25.

Space weaponization causes massive prolif

Podvig and Zhang, Research Associates,  ‘8

(Pavel, Research Associate at the Center for International Cooperation at Stanford University.  PhD, Political Science, Moscow Institute,  and Hui, Research  Research Associate in the Project on Managing the Atom in the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government., Ph.D. in nuclear physics from Beijing University “Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space” American Academy of Arts and Sciences http:~/~/belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/pdf accessed: 8-18-12 mlb)

Each scholar suggests … country’s security interests.

Nuclear war

Chomsky, Linguistics and Philosophy MIT Professor, 1

(Noam  “Militarizing Space ‘to protect U.S. interests and investment” http:~/~/www.isreview.org/issues/19/shtml accessed: 8-16-12 mlb)

 It’s arousing enormous … do anything defensive. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

SPS can’t solve – many conditions aren’t met

Fetter,  Assistant Director in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, ‘4

(Steve  has held visiting positions at Stanford, Harvard, and MIT,  Ph.D. in energy and resources from the University of California, Berkeley, and an S.B. in physics from MIT. Former Dean of University of Maryland School of Public Policy “Space Solar Power: An Idea Whose Time Will Never Come?” 2004 http:~/~/drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/3992/1/2004-P%26S-pdf accessed: 8-13-12 mlb)

Arthur Smith laments … unwise and  unwarranted.

No solvency – 30 Billion in launch costs

Dessanti et al, Georgia Institute of Technology Experimental Aerodynamics and Concepts Research Assistant, 11

(“A US-India Power Exchange Towards a Space Power Grid” 6-3-11 http:~/~/www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/library/2011-pdf accessed: 8-16-12 mlb)

The 1979 NASA/… beamed infrared power.

Plan hurts the economy – trades off with productivity in other industries

Zycher, Pacific Research Institute Senior Fellow, 12

(Benjamin, Martin V. Smith School of Business and Economics adjunct professor, associate in the Intelligence Community Associates Program of the Office of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, U.S. Department of State, former senior staff economist for the President's Council of Economic Advisers, March 27, “Renewable Energy Subsidies Should Be Abandoned,” http:~/~/www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Zycher%20Senate%20Finance%20renewables%20incentives%20testimony%203-27-12.pdf, d/a 8-1-12, ads)

A common …  productive activity elsewhere.27

No Delays

Gaines et al., Institute for Natural Resources consultant and associate director, 2007

(Lisa, “NEPA for the 21st Century: A Comparative Analysis of Other Organizations’ Environmental Review Structures”, 5-16, http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/about/programs/fsd/NEPA/Final%20Draft%20 Report-160507.pdf, DOA: 8-21-12, ldg)

Since NEPA’s … are particularly instructive.

No trade war

Van Steenwyk, former Investors’ Digest managing editor, 2011

(Jason, “Will There Be a U.S. – China Currency War?”, 10-12, http:~/~/www.greaterchinafund.com/newsmedia/2011/China%20Currency%20Dispute.pdf, DOA: 8-28-12, ldg)

At this point, … years to come

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

S02 makes C02 dissipate faster AND increases plant growth-both reduce warming more.

Harris, NPR science contributor, 2011

(Richard, “Air Pollution: Bad For Health, But Good For Planet?”, 11-11, http:~/~/www.npr.org/2011/11/11/142218650/org/2011/11/11/142218650/air-pollution-bad-for-health-but-good-for-planet, DOA: 6-3-12, ldg)

Cleaning up the … topic," she says.

Warming locked in-only a risk decreasing aerosols makes it worse

Hill, Planet Save, 2012

(Joshua, “Warming Will Continue Even with Immediate Eradication of Greenhouse Gases”, 3-5, http://planetsave.com/2012/03/05/warming-will-continue-even-with-immediate-eradication-of-greenhouse-gases/,Dhttp:~/~/planetsave.com/2012/03/05/warming-will-continue-even-with-immediate-eradication-of-greenhouse-gases/http://planetsave.com/2012/03/05/warming-will-continue-even-with-immediate-eradication-of-greenhouse-gases/, DOA: 6-6-12, ldg)

Even if we … in those regions.”

Studies prove.

Biello, Scientific American associate editor, 2011

(David, “Stratospheric Pollution Helps Slow Global Warming”, 7-22, http:~/~/www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cfm?id=stratospheric-pollution-helps-slow-global-warming, DOA: 6-3-12, ldg)

"Aerosols acted to … increases" in cooling.

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Hegemony will bankrupt the US

Hoke 06 (Voice Of America News, 6-8, http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-06/AmericasRole2006-06-08-voa60.cfm?CFID=31442881andCFTOKEN=75492258)

But U.S. services … hegemony," says Guest.

US hegemony will inevitably collapse the economy

Eland 02 (Director of defense policy studies Cato Institute, Policy Analysis No. 459- The Empire Strikes Out: The New Imperialism and Its Fatal Flaws, November 26, http:~/~/www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pdf)

Most of all, …  American military might. 

US hegemony will collapse the economy

Ferguson 03 (Professor of History at Harvard, The True Cost of Hegemony: Huge Debt, The New York Times, April 20, http:~/~/www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/crisis/2003/0420hyper.htm)

But today, as …may be larger still.

US spending to maintain hegemonic power is huge

Eland 02 (Director of defense policy studies Cato Institute, Policy Analysis No. 459- The Empire Strikes Out: The New Imperialism and Its Fatal Flaws, November 26, http:~/~/www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pdf)

The United States … rich U.S. allies

Warming is not catastrophic now but reducing aerosols reverses that

Meyer, Princeton mechanical engineer, 2012

(Warren, Harvard MBA, “Understanding the Global Warming Debate”, 2-9, http:~/~/www.forbes.com/sites/warrenmeyer/2012/02/09/understanding-the-global-warming-debate/3/http://www.forbes.com/sites/warrenmeyer/2012/02/09/understanding-the-global-warming-debate/3/, DOA: 6-1-12, ldg)

This is the … this their “plug variable.” 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Focusing on liberation requires re-affirmation of animality to justify the liberation of those the affirmative targets which re-entrenches speciesism.

Kim, UC Irvine political science professor, 2009

(Claire, “Slaying the Beast:  Reflections on Race, Culture, and Species”, http:~/~/aapf.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/pdf(%%), ldg)

Dyson gives a perfunctory nod to the animal question …………………………….our discourse, our experience, and our actions

Speciesism K – 1NC (2/4)

There is an institutional bias in favor of speciesism-the AFF’s failure to directly challenge it allows hegemonic discourses to constrain the parameters of discussion and political activity which allows specieisism to continue.

Jackman, UC Davis sociology professor, 1994

(Mary, The Velvet Glove: Paternalism and Conflict in Gender, Class, and Race Relations, pg 64-68, ldg)

The institutionalization of expropriative arrangements yields …………………………….power that reduces it to such a clumsy basis for durable social control.

Speciesism K – 1NC (3/4)

Speciesism makes possible “systematic beastilization” which justifies non-criminal putting to death of the other—root cause of all oppression

Rossini, postdoctoral Fellow ASCA, 2006

(Manuela, “To the Dogs: Companion speciesism and the new feminist materialism”, text and image Volume 3, September, http:~/~/intertheory.org/org/rossini(%%), ldg)

What is equally sobering, however, is the fact that the most ……………………………………..overwhelmingly direct and disproportionate effects on animals.26

NOTE- conditio sine qua non

Speciesism K – 1NC (4/4)

The alternative is to embrace the standpoint of the animal—this overcomes the humanist bias of the affirmative scholarship, connects the experiences of human and non-human animals and allows for total liberation by providing understanding of all oppression

Best, UT El Paso philosophy professor, 2009

(Steven, “The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: Putting Theory into Action and Animal Liberation into Higher Education “, Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VII, Issue 1, 2009, http:~/~/www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/issue_9/JCAS%20VII%20Issue%201%20MAY%20ISSUE%20The%20Rise%20of%20Critical%20Animal%20Studies%20pgs%209-52.pdf(%%), ldg)

Postmodern critiques have been hugely influential in many theoretical ………………………………………..importance of veganism and the animal rights/liberation movement for human liberation, peace and justice, and ecological healing and balance.

Extensions

Link

The affirmative’s appeal for “human rights” is fundamentally exclusive—it perpetuates and legitimizes speciesism

Tittle, Ph.D Nipissing University, 1998

(Peg, “The Humanist View of Animal Rights”, Spring, http:~/~/tittle.humanists.net/htm(%%), ldg)

First, if humanism 'just' emphasized human-as-opposed-to-god, that is, ………………………………………………………..be justified on instrumental grounds. It seems then that humanism must condone sport hunting.

Impact

Anthro unsustainable and destroys the environment

Rowe, Professor of Plant Ecology at the University of Saskatchewa, 1990

(Stan, “Environmental Ethics - Ethical Ecosphere”, Trumpeter Vol 7, No 3,http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/498/841, ldg)

The attitude that is slowly killing the world and ………………………………….Ecosphere above all else. But cultural obstacles stand in the way.

Alt

3. We are the only true revolutionary action-criticism combined with unequivocal support for animal liberation overcomes the institutional inertia the AFF can’t.

Best, UT El Paso philosophy professor, 2009

(Steven, “The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: Putting Theory into Action and Animal Liberation into Higher Education “, Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VII, Issue 1, 2009, http:~/~/www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/issue_9/JCAS%20VII%20Issue%201%20MAY%20ISSUE%20The%20Rise%20of%20Critical%20Animal%20Studies%20pgs%209-52.pdf(%%), ldg)

Animal studies must not become a safe and sanitized ……………………………………capitalism and hierarchical oppression in all forms.

4. Creating a counter-discourse is the key to successfully bringing about change and breaking down domination

Stibbe, senior lecturer in linguistics at the University of Gloucestershire, 2001

(Arran, “Language, Power and the Social Construction of Animal”, Society and Animals 9:2, http:~/~/www.animalsandsociety.org/assets/library/434_pdf(%%), ldg)

Using the methods of critical discourse analysis, this paper analyzed a …………………………………….all linguistic levels that make up discourse.

5. Alternative deconstructs specieism by recognizing humans and non-humans are in constant exchange and produce each other’s identities.

Rossini, postdoctoral Fellow ASCA, 2006

(Manuela, “To the Dogs: Companion speciesism and the new feminist materialism”, text and image Volume 3, September, http:~/~/intertheory.org/org/rossini(%%), ldg)

Articulating a critique of the subject of classical humanism ……………………………………..the diverse members of the human species.

6. We solve for the hierarchy which the foundation of the AFF’s impacts.

Best, UT El Paso philosophy professor, 2007

(Steven, “Charles Patterson, The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust”,  Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume V, Issue 2, http:~/~/www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_7/pdf(%%), ldg)

While a welcome advance over the anthropocentric conceit ………………………………………of its logical contradictions

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The United States Navy should extend its Fleet Response Plan to a 42-month/two-deployment cycle

CP allows flexible fleet rotation that solves the aff – this is the conclusion of their 1AC card

Eaglen, Heritage Foundation National Security Senior Policy Analyst, 08

(Mackenzie,” Aircraft Carriers Are Crucial,” http:~/~/www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2008/08/org/research/commentary/2008/08/aircraft-carriers-are-crucial(%%), accessed 9-27-12, ads)

To maintain 11 carriers, the Navy will have to ………………………….Navy to project power while also meeting the full requirements of the "6+1 fleet" plan.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

. For

Dictionary.com Unabridged

Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2010, "For," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/for, accessed 8-1-10, mss

for   fawr; unstressed fer  Show IPA

–preposition

1. with the object or purpose of: to run for exercise.

………………….

34. because.

—Idiom

35. for it, British . in ( def. 33 ) .

Clegg, vice president and general counsel of the National Legal Center for the Public Interest, 1995

(Roger, “Reclaiming The Text of The Takings Clause,” 46 S.C. L. Rev. 531, Summer, lexis, ldg)

Even if it made no sense to limit the clause …………………….is narrowing the scope of the Amendment.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Credit down grade da

Nuclear power construction causes business credit downgrade

Mez, Freie Universität, Berlin, Professor of Political Science and Social Sciences, 12

(Lutz, May 7, 2012, “Nuclear energy–Any solution for sustainability and climate protection?” http:~/~/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/com/science/article/pii/S0301421512003527(%%), 6/29/12, atl)

In contrast to other energy technologies, there are no …………………………………………present without massive government subsidies in Western and democratic industrialized countries.

Collapses the economy and tanks solvency

Severance, Grand Junction CPA in natural gas markets, 09       

(Craig A., former Assistant to the Chairman and to Commerce Counsel, Iowa State Commerce Commission, "Business Risks and Costs of New Nuclear Power”, http://www.nirs.org/neconomics/nuclearcosts2009.pdf, 7/5/12, atl)

Levying additional charges, with nothing at all ……………………….. take years to recover. A noticeable blow to the local economy could be felt, likely a significant multiplier of the direct charges levied.49

Economic growth unsustainable—collapse inevitable-3 reasons

McKenzie, contributor to New Scientist, 2008

(Debora, “Are we doomed?; The very nature of civilisation may make its demise inevitable, says Debora MacKenzie”, New Scientist, 4-5, lexis, ldg)

DOOMSDAY. The end of civilisation. Literature and film abound ……………………………..is required to keep cities growing and prevent stagnation or collapse, and in the long run this cannot be sustainable.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Elections

Uniqueness

1nc

Obama win now-edge in likely voters and swing states AND economic calculations are cooked in

Blow, New York Times visual op-ed columnist, 9-14-12

(Charles, “Advantage, Obama”, http:~/~/www.nytimes.com/2012/09/15/opinion/blow-advantage-obama.html?src=html?src=twr(%%), DOA: 9-19-12, ldg)

Now to the polls. A New York Times/CBS ………………………………………….to the Times/CBS News poll, Obama has now erased Romney’s edge on the economy.

2nc

Obama winning but external events can swing it.

Silver, NYT statistician, 9-24-12

(Nate, “The Statistical State of the Presidential Race”, http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/24/the-statistical-state-of-the-presidential-race/, DOA: 9-27-12, ldg)

To the extent there’s a useful rule of thumb about a candidate …………………………….altered by essentially random factors.

Link

People hate military spending-best polls prove they prefer cutting the deficit.

WPO 2012

(World Public Opinion, “Majority of Americans Willing to Make Defense Cuts”, 5-10, http:~/~/www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/brunitedstatescanadara/716.php(%%), DOA: 9-3-12, ldg)

In a unique study, a representative sample of ……………………………size they are more likely to cut it to reduce the deficit."

Stimulus now dooms Obama-fiscal discipline is key with independents and they outweigh.

Schoen, Clinton pollster, 2010

(Douglas, “What Bam can learn from Bill: President Clinton's ex pollster tells Obama how to win independents”, 7-11, http:~/~/articles.nydailynews.com/2010-07-11/news/29438716_1_com/2010-07-11/news/29438716_1_fiscal-discipline-swing-voters-president-obama(%%), DOA: 9-1-12, ldg)

The independent swing voters who hold…………………………………………., regardless of the impact on the deficits, are prescribing electoral suicide.

Support for renewables gives Romney the economic high ground-that swings the election

Ellis, BuzzFeed contributor, 2012

(John, “Ellis: Romney's Answer To "Forward" Is "Brown Energy”, 5-1, http:~/~/www.buzzfeed.com/johnellis/com/johnellis/ellis-romneys-answer-to-forward-is-brown-e-5krk(%%), DOA: 9-1-12, ldg)

Therein lies Mitt Romney’s opportunity. If he can make……………………. And if Pennsylvania is a toss-up, then Romney will win.

Nuclear power sparks massive public backlash

CSI, 12

(Civil Society Institute, “SURVEY: AMERICANS NOT WARMING UP TO NUCLEAR POWER ONE YEAR AFTER FUKUSHIMA” 3-7-12, http:~/~/www.civilsocietyinstitute.org/media/030712release.cfm(%%), accessed 9-24-12, mtf)

One year after the disaster at the Fukushima nuclear reactors ……………………………………………future unless the U.S. government props it up and forces the public to bear the risks

IL

1nc

Romney will label China a manipulator-it is not saber rattling.

Shobert, Rubicon Strategy Group managing director, 2012

(Benjamin, “Romney lays ground for China trade war”, 2-22, http:~/~/www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/html(%%), DOA: 9-1-12, ldg)

It is a temptation to read Romney's op-ed as the sort …………………………………….a currency manipulator is noteworthy.

That collapses the CCP, Asian and global economy and relations

Yong, Peking International Studies professor, 2010

(Wang, “Avoiding a US-China Currency War: The Need for Rational Calculation”, 4-11, http:~/~/www.globalasia.org/Global_Asia_Forum/Avoiding_a_US-China_Currency_War.html?PHPSESSID=html?PHPSESSID=bca9831415838b4e550935c256837bf7(%%), DOA; 8-28-12, ldg)

While the US could experience limited economic gains if any form of sanctions …………………………………..climate change convention, for example, could face immediate barriers because of mishandling by the US of the exchange rate issue.

Impact

1nc

Asia collapse goes nuclear.

Auslin, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, 2009

(Michael, “Averting Disaster Preventing the worst case scenario in Asia”, 2-5, http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/016/115jtnqw.asp?page=2, ldg)

 AS THEY DEAL WITH a collapsing world economy, policymakers in ……………………………………………..types of miscalculation and greed that have destroyed international systems in the past.

EXTEND IMPX

Label can cause trade-war and hurt small businesses

Huffington Post, 11

(October, “Romney tough talks China as currency com/huff-wires/20111011/us-gop-debate-china(%%),” http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20111011/us-gop-debate-china/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20111011/us-gop-debate-china/(%%), d/a 9-20-12, RJF)

HANOVER, N.H. — Former Massachusetts Gov. …………………………….during the Bloomberg-Washington Post presidential primary debate held at Dartmouth College.

Reduction in cooperation and trade tensions are imminent if Romney takes office

Younglai, Huffington Post, 12

(Rachelle, Staff Writer, June 13, “Mitt Romney Wasn't Always Tough On China,” http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/13/mitt-romney-china-policy_n_1592566.html(%%), d/a 9-20-12, RJF)

All this is in sharp contrast to the Republican presidential candidate's ………………………………….analysts and former U.S. government officials said.

Impact –Bad Chinese Economy

Romney’s decisions could offset manufacturing and cause massive unemployment in china

Wood, China.org, 12

(Catherine, September 18, “Could Mitt Romney hurt China?” http:~/~/www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/18/content_26558879.htm(%%), d/a 9-20-12, RJF)

Romney continued his critique of the current administration, "……………………………… as over 200 million jobs are directly related to international exports.

Impact – Depreciation

This label would depreciate the dollar against the yuan

Rugaber, Huffington Post, 11

Christopher, December 27, “China Currency Manipulation: Treasury Declines To Name China In Report,” http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/27/china-currency-manipulation_n_1171607.html(%%), d/a 9-20-12, RJF)

House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, has opposed …………………………………the yuan trade more freely on international markets, which could result in it appreciating against the dollar.

Impact – China Backlash

This label will cause Chinese backlash and limits on the American economy

Gros, Economist, 10

(Daniel is currently the Director of the Centre for European Policy Studies, a European think tank, September 29, "The Easy and Legal Way to Stop Currency Manipulation"http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2010/09/the-easy-and-legal-way-to-stop-currency-manipulation.html

http:~/~/economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/china/http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/china/(% style="font-size:0.8em;" %), 9-20-12,RJF)

House Is Likely to Pressure China to Raise html||target="_self": The House ………………………..than substantive" is my expectation as well.