Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

US nuclear leadership declining

Miller, et al., Texas AandM Professor, 12

(Dr. Warren F., Research Professor at Texas A and M University, served as assistant secretary for nuclear energy at the U.S. Department of Energy, PhD in Engineering Sciences from Northwestern University, and Pete Domenici, US Senator,  “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets,” July 2012, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf, accessed 8-11-12, ara)

As the world’s largest … could erode U.S. international standing.

SMRs key to continued nuclear leadership

Miller, et al., Texas AandM Professor, 12

(Dr. Warren F., Research Professor at Texas A and M University, served as assistant secretary for nuclear energy at the U.S. Department of Energy, PhD in Engineering Sciences from Northwestern University, and Pete Domenici, US Senator,  “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets,” July 2012, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf, accessed 8-11-12, ara)

We believe that progress …  (RDandD) programs.

SMRs are inevitable, but US leadership makes it prolif-resistant AND is key to guiding tech development

Loudermilk, Energy and Environmental Security Policy Research Associate, National Defense University, 11

(Micah, Master degree in International Relations from the University of Akron, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs,” 5-31-11, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375, published by the Journal of Energy Security, accessed 8-12-12, ara)

Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, …  of nuclear fuel allayed.

Failure to act causes rapid collapse of leadership and proliferation credibility

Wallace et al, Senior Adviser, U.S. Nuclear Energy Project – CSIS, 12

(Michael e-, member of the National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC), which advises the president on matters related to homeland security, member of the Nuclear Sector Coordinating Council under the Department of Homeland Security’s National Infrastructure Protection Plan and Business Executives for National Security (BENS), the Naval Historical Foundation Advisory Council, and the Marquette University College of Engineering National Advisory Council, Sarah Williams, program coordinator and research associate in the U.S. Nuclear Energy Project at CSIS, M.A. in global policy studies from the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas in Austin, “Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise”, Global Forecast 2012 pg. 50-61, 6/12/12, atl)

America’s nuclear energy …  prevent its early demise.

US leadership needed to check China proliferation to other nations

Cullinane, House Foreign Affairs Committee, 11

Scott, staff at House Foreign Affairs Committee, “America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy,” 9-28-11, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energyandcatid=118:contentandItemid=376, published by the Journal of Energy Security, accessed 8-6-12, ara)

Due to a confluence of events the … technological innovation.

Prolif leads to irrational decision making and makes escalatory war likely

Horowitz, Professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania, 09

[Michael Horowitz (Former Emory debater and NDT Champion), “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict: Does Experience Matter?” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Volume 53 Number 2, April 2009 pg. 234-257, 7/31/11, atl]

Learning as states gain experience … and the preferences of the adopter.

Proliferation leads to nuclear war – miscalculations

Davis, Vice President IFPA, Pfaltzgraff, International Security Studies Professor Tufts University, Perry, director of studies IFPA, Schoff, Office Assistant Secretary of Defense for Asia Pacific Security Affairs, 2009

(Jacquelyn K., Chief of Naval Operations' Executive Panel, U.S. European Command Senior Advisory Group, Robert L., former member of the Department of State’s International Security Advisory Board, founder IFPA, Charles M., president of National Security Planning Associates, James L., program officer in charge of policy studies United States-Japan Foundation, “Updating U.S. Deterrence Concepts and Operational Planning,” Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, http://www.ifpa.org/pdf/Updating_US_Deterrence_Concepts.pdf, accessed 12/30/2010) jba

Moreover, as suggested above, as more … into a regional nuclear conflict.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Cyber-attack against the electric grid is inevitable – incapacitates the grid

Orr, CBS News, 8-1

(Bob, Justice and Homeland Security correspondent for CBS News, “Senate bill looks to tighten cyber defenses”, August 1, 2012, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18563_162-57484878/senate-bill-looks-to-tighten-cyber-defenses/,accessed 8-30-12, vc)

The Senate debated a bill on .wait for the physical implication."

Grid is vulnerable – terrorist attack and natural disasters

Merica, CNN production assistant, 12

(Dan, Rotating Editor and Writer at The American Observer, Intern; Executive Producer of Intern Edition at National Public Radio “DoD official: Vulnerability of U.S. electrical grid is a dire concern,” CNN, 07-27-12, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2012/07/27/dod-official-vulnerability-of-u-s-electrical-grid-is-a-dire-concern/, accessed 08-30-12, hgh)

Speaking candidly at the Aspen … and provides life saving and life sustaining capabilities.

SMRs key to decentralizing the grid – causes shift to localized power

Loudermilk, Energy and Environmental Security Policy Research Associate, National Defense University, 11

(Micah, Master degree in International Relations from the University of Akron, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs,” 5-31-11, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375, published by the Journal of Energy Security, accessed 8-12-12, ara)

Lastly, and often ignored, is the … to become a reality.

Decentralization solves – means any grid failure won’t escalate

Verclas, Senior Program Manager at AICGS, 12

(Kirsten, "The Decentralization Of The Electricity Grid - Mitigating Risk In The Energy Sector," April 27 , 2012, American Institute For Contemporary German Studies at Johns Hopkins University, http://www.aicgs.org/publication/the-decentralization-of-the-electricity-grid-mitigating-risk-in-the-energy-sector/4/, d/a 8-3-12, ZML)

A decentralized electricity grid has … of the policies to address this issue.

Grid attack destroys America – causes nuclear meltdowns, decimates our population, and tanks our heg

Ayers, Director, Task Force on National and Homeland Security, 12

(Cynthia E., formerly Vice President of EMPact Amercia, having retired from the National Security Agency after over 38 years of federal service, “Terror Warning: Grid Down, 7-27-12, http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/terror-warning-grid-down, accessed 9-15-12, ara)

Could the reluctance to secure … protect the grid is now .

Independently, SMR passive systems solve meltdowns

Kessides and Kuznetsov, World Bank Economist, 12

(Ioannis N, Lead Economist in the World Bank's Development Research Group, M.A. degrees in Physics and Plasma Physics form Caltech and Princeton, and a Ph.D. in Economics from Princeton, and Vladimir,  “Small Modular Reactors for Enhancing Energy Security in Developing Countries,” 8-14-12, http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/4/8/1806, accessed 9-6-12, ara)

Compared to large conventional …  removal of decay heat.

Meltdowns cause extinction – just one can kill millions

Lendman, Research Associate, Center for Research on Globalization, 11

(Stephen, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” 3-13-11, http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 9-15-12, ara)

Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake …  Central America, and parts of South America.

Hegemony solves nuke war and extinction-multipolarity is inevitable but absolute US power smooths the transition and is empirically correlated to perpetual great-power peace

Barnett, Naval War College Warfare Analysis and Research Department professor, 2011

(Thomas, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads”, 3-7, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads, DOA: 10-9-11, ldg)

Let me be more blunt: As the guardian …  embedded in the geometry to come.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

SMRs are competitive – cheaper and more flexible than large nuclear AND government support is key

Vujić, Professor, Nuclear Engineering, UC Berkeley, 12

(Jasmina, Ph.D. in Nuclear Science, University of Michigan, 1990, Ryan M. Bergmann, Radek Škoda, , Marija Miletić, “Small modular reactors: Simpler, safer, cheaper?” September 2012, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054421200093X, accessed 9-19-12, ara)

In order to evaluate the attractiveness … cannot take 1000 + MWe single units [9].

SMRs are economical – comparable to natural gas

Xie, Nucleonics, 11

(Yanmei, “SMRs could rival natural gas but need subsidies to deploy: report,” 12-8-11, l/n, accessed 9-7-12, ara)

Small modular reactors could … climb the learning curve."

We have the know-how for SMRs

US Energy Department, 12

(“Energy Department Announces Small Modular Reactor Technology Partnerships at Savannah River Site,” 3-2-12, http://energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announces-small-modular-reactor-technology-partnerships-savannah-river, accessed 8-11-12, ara)

The Energy Department has … effective deployment plans.

SMRs are safe – invulnerable to natural disaster, and checks prolif threats

Szondy, former university lecturer in history and archeology, 12

(David, award winning freelance writer for Gizmag, a science magazine, February 16, 2012, “Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?” http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/, 6/3/12, atl)

SMRs also enjoy a good deal of … with the operation of the others.

Production cost incentives phase out government costs while optimizing the private sector

Rosner, Professor, Departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Physics, Chicago University, 11

(Robert e-, Senior Fellow, Computation Institute; Director, Energy Policy Institute; Enrico Fermi Institute; Harris School of Public Policy, Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director Argonne National Laboratory, “Small Modular Reactors – Key To Future Nuclear Power Generation In The U.S.”, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, 6/2/12, atl)

Production Cost Incentive: A …. cost estimates become available.

SMRs solve capital problems – we already have investor interest

Biello, Scientific American, 12

(David, “Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power,” 3-27-12, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-powerandpage=2, accessed 9-18-12, ara)

A modern pressurized water reactor, … says Westinghouse CEO Aris Candris. 

Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Thus the plan: The United States Federal Government should offer production tax credits for the construction of thorium-fueled Small Module Reactors.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Complexity K 2AC

Perm do both – Complexity theory ignores the micro activity of the situation – the perm is critical to make it effective
Dekker, Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance, Griffith University Professor, 11
(Sidney, February 21, 2011, “The complexity of failure: Implications of complexity theory for safety investigations”, Safety Science Volume 49, Issue 6, July 2011, Pages 939–945, 8/9/12, atl)

Analytic reduction cannot tell how … used in the section on Newtonian science.

Security discourse is inevitable – rejection of environmentalism cedes power to the elites
Liftin, University of Washington Political Science Professor, 98
(Karen T., “Constructing Environmental Security and Ecological Interdependence”, Global Governance 5 (1998), 9/1/12, atl)

It may be tempting to jettison … conscious of how they construct their speech acts.

Complexity theory stems from hacks who don’t do real science
Phelan, William G. Rohrer Professorial Chair in Entrepreneurship, 01
(Steven E., Director of the Center for Innovation & Entrepreneurship, Ph.D. in economics from La Trobe University, Australia; an M.B.A. in marketing from Monash University; and a B.S. in psychology from the University of Melbourne , “What Is Complexity Science, Really?” EMERGENCE, 3(1), 120–36 Copyright © 2001, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 8/10/12, atl)

The need for a special issue of … to reject pseudo-scientific theories.

Impacts are predictable – linear scenario analysts have empirical success
Dekker, Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance, Griffith University Professor, 11
(Sidney, February 21, 2011, “The complexity of failure: Implications of complexity theory for safety investigations”, Safety Science Volume 49, Issue 6, July 2011, Pages 939–945, 8/9/12, atl)

In the Newtonian vision of the … by “better” methods of investigation (Shappell and Wiegmann, 2001).

Complexity theory destroys empiricism makes objectivity impossible
Dekker, Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance, Griffith University Professor, 11
(Sidney, February 21, 2011, “The complexity of failure: Implications of complexity theory for safety investigations”, Safety Science Volume 49, Issue 6, July 2011, Pages 939–945, 8/9/12, atl)

The conditions of a complex system …, exclusionary, narrative fore-structure (Cronon, 1992).

Linear predictions are good in the short term – complexity theory can’t explain complex environments
Levy, University of Massachusetts Chair of Management, 04
(David, November 19, 2004, “Applications and Limitations of Complexity Theory in Organization Theory and Strategy”, http://www.faculty.umb.edu/david_levy/complex00.pdf, 9/22/12, atl)

Despite its attractions, the application …, linear approximations are good enough.

1AR – Complexity K

Security is a pre-req to the alternative.
Booth, Wales International Politics professor, 2005
(Ken, Critical Security Studies and World Politics, pg 22, ldg)

The best starting point for conceptualizing … can reinvent itself beyond the merely biological.

Evaluating high-impact, low-probability events key to prevent catastrophe
Blyth and Taleb, NYU’s Polytech Institute Risk Engineering professor, 11
[Mark, Brown University International Political Economy professor, and Nassim Nicholas, "The Black Swan of Cairo," Foreign Affairs, May/June 2011, 90(3), ebsco, accessed 8-1-11, mss]

Why is surprise the permanent condition of … but does not sink) goes the Latin saying.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

US leads SMRs, but China is catching up – action needed to ensure US leadership

Wheeler, Power Engineering editor, 12

(Brian. “Developing Small Modular Reactor Designs in the U.S.” 4-01. http:~/~/www.power-eng.com/articles/npi/print/volume-5/issue-2/nucleus/Apthorp-Bobbitt Aff Accessed: 9/30/2012. ADC)

 The development of small modular reactors ,,,, vice chairman and CEO, Gen4 Energy. 

Lack of US leadership spurs Chinese exports – causes accidents, meltdowns, and terrorism

Tu, Carnegie Energy and Climate Program senior associate, 12

(Kevin Jianjun. “China’s Nuclear Crossroads.” 3-11. http:~/~/carnegieendowment.org/2012/03/11/Apthorp-Bobbitt Aff Accessed: 9/30/2012. ADC)

 It’s first important to acknowledge that ,,, mistake that energy-thirsty China can’t afford to make.  

Meltdowns cause extinction – just one can kill millions

Lendman, Research Associate, Center for Research on Globalization, 11

(Stephen, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” 3-13-11, http:~/~/www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 9-15-12, ara)

Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake ,,,, and parts of South America.

US failure to lead causes Chinese leadership – leads to China hegemony

Cullinane, Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee staff associate, 11

(Scott. “America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy.” Journal of Energy Security. 9-28. http:~/~/www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energyandcatid=118:contentandItemid=376url:http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energyandcatid=118:contentandItemid=376. Accessed: 9/30/2012. ADC)

 The international trade of nuclear ,,, sides of the Pacific to shape the 21st century.

Guarantees great power war

Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 11

(Yuhan, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry”, 1-22-11, http:~/~/www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/, DOA: 9-21-11, ldg)

This does not necessarily mean that the US is in ,,, devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Hegemony solves nuke war and extinction – multipolarity is inevitable but absolute US power smooths the transition and is empirically correlated to great-power peace

Barnett, Naval War College Warfare Analysis and Research Department professor, 2011

(Thomas, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads”, 3-7, http:~/~/www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads, DOA: 10-9-11, ldg)

Let me be more blunt: As the guardian ,,,embedded in the geometry to come.

Absolute decline means the US will become uncooperative and desperate-~--hegemonic wars will ensue

Goldstein, Penn IR professor, 2007

(Avery, “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30, Issue 4 and 5 August, ebsco, ldg)

Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical … prior to the possible crossover.19 pg. 647-650 

Shocks to the system are the ONLY propensity for conflict—globalization and liberal norms have eradicated warfare and structural violence—every field study proves

Horgan, Stevens Institute of Technology Center for Science director, 2009

(John, “The End of the Age of War”, 12-6, http:~/~/www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/12/06/html, DOA: 10-9-11, ldg)

The economic crisis was supposed to … Peace Research Institute in Oslo.

Nuclear exports in Southeast Asia causes nuclear terrorism and piracy

CNS, 12

(Center for Nonproliferation Studies. May 2012. “PROSPECTS FOR NUCLEAR SECURITY PARTNERSHIP IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.” http:~/~/cns.miis.edu/opapers/pdfs/120515_seasia_nuclear_security_Apthorp-Bobbitt Aff Accessed: 9/30/2012. ADC)

 Due to the increased flow of ,,, place increasing importance on the issue of trade security. 

Extinction

Cirincione, Director for Non-Proliferation at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2007

(Joseph, “Symposium: Apocalypse When?”, National Interest, November/December 2007, lexis, ldg)

Let me be clear: Nuclear proliferation is a … a return to the 1950s nuclear free-for-all.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Double dip coming and collapses the economy – strong growth is key to navigate through

Matthews, TIME Business, 10-1

(Christopher, “Are We Already in A Recession?” 10-1-12, http://business.time.com/2012/10/01/are-we-already-in-a-recession/, accessed 10-3-12, ara)

What’s in a name? Would a recession by any … entered a recession without even knowing it.

SMRs revive domestic manufacturing, and become a fulcrum for export growth

Rosner and Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, 11

(Robert and Stephen, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago; Contributor: Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc. "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S.," Technical Paper, Revision 1, November 2011, https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdf, accessed 8-6-12, mtf)

As stated earlier, SMRs have the potential …, and, now rapidly  emerging, China

Solves the economy – spurs exports that solve trade deficit and creates high wage jobs

Morici, Business Professor, University of Maryland, 12

(Peter, former director of the Office of Economics at the U.S. International Trade Commission, “Viewpoint: Manufacturing Is Key to Economic Recovery,” 4-9-12, http://www.industryweek.com/articles/viewpoint_manufacturing_is_key_to_economic_recovery_27038.aspx, accessed 8-6-12, ara)

Barack Obama and his Republican … America's higher standard of living.

Manufacturing key to prevent recession – solves alt causes

Reuters, 12

("Dip in Manufacturing Suggrest a Stalled U.S. Economy," 6-15-12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/16/business/economy/dip-in-manufacturing-could-suggest-stalled-economy.html#hTiaIau,2, accessed 9-28-12, mtf)

Factory output contracted in …l Markets in Chicago. “It’s an ugly situation.”

Economic collapse causes nuclear war

Friedberg and Schoenfeld, 2008

(Aaron and gabriel professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University and visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute, “The Dangers of a Diminished America”, Wall Street Journal, http:~/~/online.wsj.com/article/html)

Pressures to cut defense spending, and to … travails with external adventures.

Decline causes war – strong statistical support

Royal, director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010

(Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215, ldg)

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline … should be considered ancillary to those views.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase loan guarantees for and reduce licensing restrictions on thorium-fueled Small Module Reactors.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The plan solves the major roadblocks to SMR deployment

Spencer and Loris, Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, 11

(Jack, Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at Heritage Foundation; and  Nicolas D., Research Associate, "A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?," February 2, 2011, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors, accessed 9-29-12, mtf)

Small modular reactors (SMRs) have garnered … issues be resolved by the end of 2011.

Loan guarantees attract private capital – increases are key

Peskoe, Associate, McDermott Will and Emery LLP, 12

(Ari, focuses on regulation, legislation, and transactional issues related to energy policy, “A Solution Looking For a Problem: Building More Nuclear Reactors after Vogtle,” April 2012, Electricity Journal, Volume 25, Issue 3, ScienceDirect, accessed 10-2-12, ara)

Given the checkered history of … associate with a nuclear disaster.64

Loan guarantees are critical - investors need guarantees

Lyash, President, Progress Energy Florida, 7

(Jeffrey, president and chief executive officer, Progress Energy Florida, electric utility that serves 1.7 million customers in Florida, “Department Of Energy Office Of The Chief Financial Officer Holds A Meeting To Propose Policies And Procedures Applicable To The Department Of Energy's Loan Guarantee Program Authorized By Title Xvii Of The Energy Policy Act Of 2005,” 6-19-07, ProQuest, accessed 10-2-12, ara)

In my comments today, I want to … missing piece we need as soon as possible.

SMRs solve capital problems – we already have investor interest

Biello, Scientific American, 12

(David, “Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power,” 3-27-12, http:~/~/www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-powerandpage=2url:http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-powerandpage=2, accessed 9-18-12, ara)

A modern pressurized water reactor, …," says Westinghouse CEO Aris Candris.

Thorium is feasible – US action key to controlling the industry

Washington Post, 12

(“America Is Letting China Steal Our Valuable Nuclear Innovations,” 3-14-12, http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2012/03/america-is-letting-china-steal-our-valuable-nuclear-innovations.html, accessed 10-1-12, ara)

The U.S. Is Letting China Steal … will build and run the U.S. plants as well.

SMRs are safe – invulnerable to natural disaster and pollution spread

Szondy, former university lecturer in history and archeology, 12

(David, award winning freelance writer for Gizmag, a science magazine, February 16, 2012, “Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?” http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/, 6/3/12, atl)

SMRs also enjoy a good deal of …with the operation of the others.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 1 | Opponent: JMU MM | Judge:
Heg

Politicians will cling to hegemony no matter what
Calleo, SAIS European Studies professor, 2010
(David, “American Decline Revisited,” Survival, 52:4, 215 – 227, ebsco, ldg)

The history of the past two ... that threatens the world with inflation.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 2 | Opponent: JMU MM | Judge: 

Perm – do the plan and the alt
Perm resolves the alt’s moral relativism and prevents oppression.
Hatab, professor at Old Dominion, 2002
(Lawrence, “Prospects For A Democratic Agon: Why We Can Still Be Nietzscheans”, The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 24 (2002) 132-147, project muse, ldg)

    Democratic respect forbids exclusion, … possessed by an originating self.   

Link. Our impacts are local claims which can be accepted without legitimizing overarching systems of morality
Tushnet, Georgetown Univeristy Law Professor, 1992
(Mark, “THE LEFT CRITIQUE OF NORMATIVITY: A COMMENT”, 90 Mich. L. Rev. 2325, lexis, ldg)

The answer lies in their definition of normativity. … and/or rational, not that it is normative.

No root cause
Goldstein 03 (Joshua, Prof of Int'l Relations @ American University, War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, p. 412) 

First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking … war seems to be empirically inadequate.  

They confuse truth with claims of truth – the fact that some truth claims are wrong just proves that we should search harder to find the real truth.
Sokal, NYU physics professor, 1997
(Alan, “A Plea for Reason, Evidence and Logic”, New Politics 6(2), Winter, http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/nyu_forum.html, ldg)

Too many academics, secure in … ethics), not in spite of it.

The alt is a retreat from political reality-creates a schizoid world view.
Bird, Centre for Psycho-Social Studies, University of the West of England, 2006
(John, “On the Poverty of Theory”, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society. Houndmills: Dec 2006. Vol. 11, Iss. 3; pg. 251, proquest, ldg)

The retreat is idealized and admired … of defensive attachment to theory 

Makes the K impacts inevitable
Boggs, professor of social sciences at National University, 1997
(Carl, “The great retreat: Decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America”, December, Volume 26, Number 6, http://www.springerlink.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/content/m7254768m63h16r0/fulltext.pdf, ldg)

The decline of the public sphere in late … that had vanished from civil society. 75

No link- we don’t defend morality as a universal or prohibitive guideline, but only as a value ranking which is inevitable
Robert Solomon and Kathleen Higgins, University of Texas at Austin philosophy professors, 2000 (What Nietzsche Really Said, 103-105)

But what exactly do we mean by morality? … nor the accepted rules of civilized behavior.

We cannot escape the problem solving mentality or the search for actionable truth
Jarvis 2000
(D.S.L., University of British Columbia, International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, 2000D, p.86-7.) gek

Despite "nihilistic despair" or charges of …understanding seems plainly absurd.

*They’ve misread Nietzsche as an anti-institutionalist. Self-creation occurs in coexistence with rules of law and order. The alternative is orgiastic self-annihilation.
Hatab, .PhD. in philosophy from the University of Calgary, 2002
(Lawrence, “Prospects for a Democratic Agon: Why We Can Still Be Nietzscheans,” The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 24 (2002) p132-147, project muse, ldg)

It is a mistake, however, to read …execute departures from the norm. 

Tournament: JMU | Round: 2 | Opponent: JMU MM | Judge:
*insert impact defense*

Romney will get every key swing state – prefer our models to less accurate polls
University of Colorado at Boulder, 10-5-12
(“Updated election forecasting model—based on economic data—still points to Romney win,” http://phys.org/news/2012-10-election-modelbased-economic-datastill-romney.html, d/a 10-12-12, ads) 

Of the 13 battleground states …election through the Electoral College.

Plan creates jobs in swing states like Ohio – popular
Korte, USA Today, 12
(Gregory, “Politics stands in the way of nuclear plant's future,” 4-13-12, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/story/2012-04-13/usec-centrifuges-loan-guarantees/54560118/1, accessed 10-2-12, ara)

Energy company USEC wants … the company says would be created. 

Ohio key
Sowinski, Lima News, 12
(Greg, “Senator tells Husky workers he’s got their backs,” 8-11-12, http://www.limaohio.com/news/local_news/article_60883d3a-e414-11e1-b137-0019bb30f31a.html, accessed 10-2-12, ara)

Brown said Ohio is key for President … after losing 5 million of those jobs. 

Plan swings Florida to Obama – gets Hispanics on board
Whitman et al, Orlando Sentinel columnist, 12
(Christine Todd. “Nuclear energy = green jobs, economic growth in Fla., beyond.” 6-22. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-06-22/opinion/os-ed-nuclear-energy-florida-jobs-062212-20120621_1_nuclear-energy-green-jobs-hispanic-community. Accessed: 10/02/2012. ADC)

 We all know how critical Florida is …beneficiaries of this economic infusion.  

Florida swings the election
Stanage, The Hill staff writer, 11
(Niall. “Obama, Republicans prepare for 2012 Florida election showdown.” 6-20. http://thehill.com/homenews/news/167239-a-storm-brews-in-florida-ahead-of-2012-election. Accessed: 10/02/2012. ADC)

 In the 17 months between now and …t unpopular governor in the nation. 

Winners win- plan is key to Obama political power
Creamer, political organizer and strategist for four decades, 1-2
(Robert, he and his firm, Democracy Partners, work with many of the country’s most significant issue campaigns, one of the major architects and organizers of the successful campaign to defeat the privatization of Social Security, he has been a consultant to the campaigns to end the war in Iraq, pass universal health care, pass Wall Street reform, change America’s budget priorities and enact comprehensive immigration reform, he has also worked on hundreds of electoral campaigns at the local, state and national level, "Why GOP Collapse on the Payroll Tax Could be a Turning Point Moment," www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-creamer/why-gop-collapse-on-the-p_b_1167491.html, accessed 1-2-12, mss)

Strength and victory are enormous … that's the time to chase them.

The public loves reactors
Whitman, CASEnergy Co-Chair, 8-13
(Christine Todd, Former EPA Administrator and New Jersey Governor, "Nuclear Power Garners Bipartisan Support," 8-13-12, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php#2237728, accessed 9-30-12, mtf)

The energy policy that I’ve seen garner … sides of the aisle can support.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Vandy | Judge:
Counter-interpretation: Financial incentives is a broad category that can be isolated
Krueger and Hoffman, ABA Special Committee on Energy Law Chairman, 81
(Robert B., Senior Partner, law firm of Nossaman, Krueger and Marsh, Los Angeles, CA; Chairman, ABA Special Committee on Energy Law; Peter C., UCLA School of Law, Class of 1981, "ARTICLE: Legislative Developments in Solar Energy During 1980," 1 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 161, Spring 1981, lexis, accessed 8-1-12, mtf)

Gramatical structures are irrelevant, more important are the meaning the culture ascribes to the words.
Christiansen and Chater, 2008
(Morten H. Christiansen, Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Nick Chater, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London,  “Language as shaped by the brain”. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(5), 489-508; discussion 509-58.  Retrieved September 17, 2010, from ProQuest Medical Library)KLJ

Abstract: It is widely assumed that human learning … cognitive limitations, and pragmatics.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Vandy | Judge: 

Specificity outweighs-generic critique doesn’t discount acquired knowledge.

Kratochwil, European University Institute IR professor, 2009

(Friedrich, The Puzzle of Politics, pg 200-3, ldg)

In what follows, I claim that the shift in focus from “… “new and improved” versions of familiar products.

Permutation do both—the plan is a better engagement with the history of dropping the bomb

Puplava, PFS Group Chief Investment Strategist, 11

(President, “Kirk Sorensen States Thorium a Million Times More Energy Dense than Fossil Fuels”, http://www.financialsense.com/contributors/james-j-puplava/kirk-sorensen-thorium-a-million-times-more-energy-dense-than-fossil-fuels, 10/4/12, atl)

Kirk: (2:14) Yeah, I’d be happy to … rather than to make nuclear weapons.

4. No root cause

Goldstein 03 (Joshua, Prof of Int'l Relations @ American University, War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, p. 412)

First, peace activists face a dilemma …seems to be empirically inadequate.

5. Ethical decisions must be grounded in consequences

Isaac, political science professor Indiana University, 2002

(Jeffrey, “Ends, Means, and Politics, Dissent Magazine, Spring 2002, ldg)

6. Security is a pre-req to the alternative.

Booth, Wales International Politics professor, 2005

(Ken, Critical Security Studies and World Politics, pg 22, ldg)

The best starting point for conceptualizing … itself beyond the merely biological.

7. Alt leads to interventionism-turns the K

McCormack, PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster, 2010

(Tara, Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 127-129, ldg)

The following section will briefly raise … limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches.

9. Evaluating high-impact, low-probability events key to prevent catastrophe

Blyth and Taleb, NYU’s Polytech Institute Risk Engineering professor, 11

Mark, Brown University International Political Economy professor, and Nassim Nicholas, "The Black Swan of Cairo," Foreign Affairs, May/June 2011, 90(3), ebsco, accessed 8-1-11, mss

Why is surprise the permanent condition … mergitur (it fluctuates but does not sink) goes the Latin saying.

10. Securitization is inevitable.

Loader et al., All Souls College criminology professor, 2007

(Ian, Civilizing Security, pg 258-9, ldg)

The way ahead, in our view, and … exists in some form or other. 

Tournament: JMU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Vandy | Judge: 

Navy Power is irrelevant in modern warfare-not key to hegemony.
Goure, Department of Defense Transition Team, 10
(Daniel, “Can the Case be Made for Naval Power?” Lexington Institute, 2 July 2010, http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/can-the-case-be-made-for-naval-power-?a=1andc=1171, lmm)
More broadly, it appears ... relatively unimportant in today’s world. 

Tournament: JMU | Round: Octos | Opponent: Rutgers RS | Judge: 

1AC
Nuclear Aff – Plan Text

Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase loan guarantees for and reduce licensing restrictions on thorium-fueled Small Modular Reactors. 

Nuclear Aff – China – 1AC

US leads SMRs, but China is catching up – action needed to ensure US leadership
Wheeler, Power Engineering editor, 12
(Brian. “Developing Small Modular Reactor Designs in the U.S.” 4-01. http://www.power-eng.com/articles/npi/print/volume-5/issue-2/nucleus/developing-small-modular-reactor-designs-in-the-us.html. Accessed: 9/30/2012. ADC)

 The development of small modular reactors in the … chairman and CEO, Gen4 Energy.  

Licensing barriers are pushing investors to China
Behr, Climate Wire staff writer, 11
(Peter. “Futuristic U.S. Power Reactor May Be Developed Overseas.” 6-23. http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2011/06/23/23climatewire-futuristic-us-power-reactor-may-be-developed-86684.html?pagewanted=all. Accessed: 9/30/2012. ADC)

 The TerraPower "wave reactor" … is the proof that it works.'"  

US failure to lead causes Chinese leadership – leads to China hegemony
Cullinane, Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee staff associate, 11
(Scott. “America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy.” Journal of Energy Security. 9-28. http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energyandcatid=118:contentandItemid=376. Accessed: 9/30/2012. ADC)

 The international trade of nuclear … Pacific to shape the 21st century.

Guarantees great power war
Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 11
(Yuhan, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry”, 1-22-11, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/, DOA: 9-21-11, ldg)

This does not necessarily mean that the US is in … devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Solvency

The plan solve
Spencer and Loris, Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, 11
(Jack, Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at Heritage Foundation; and  Nicolas D., Research Associate, "A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?," February 2, 2011, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors, accessed 9-29-12, mtf)

Small modular reactors (SMRs) have garnered … resolved by the end of 2011.

Loan guarantees key
Peskoe, Associate, McDermott Will and Emery LLP, 12
(Ari, focuses on regulation, legislation, and transactional issues related to energy policy, “A Solution Looking For a Problem: Building More Nuclear Reactors after Vogtle,” April 2012, Electricity Journal, Volume 25, Issue 3, ScienceDirect, accessed 10-2-12, ara)

Given the checkered history of reactor … associate with a nuclear disaster.64 

Nuclear power and the state are inevitable
Nordhaus, Breakthrough Institute, 11
(Ted, 2/25/11, “The Long Death of Environmentalists”, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta) 

Tenth, we are going to have to get … humans lived in harmony with Nature.

We’re a step in the right direction – thorium was ignored because it couldn’t be used to make a bomb
Puplava, PFS Group Chief Investment Strategist, 11
(President, “Kirk Sorensen States Thorium a Million Times More Energy Dense than Fossil Fuels”, http://www.financialsense.com/contributors/james-j-puplava/kirk-sorensen-thorium-a-million-times-more-energy-dense-than-fossil-fuels, 10/4/12, atl)

Kirk: (2:14) Yeah, I’d be happy to talk about … rather than to make nuclear weapons.

Heg solves all

Violence has declined – your authors shortcut their scholarship towards convenient conclusions
Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology – Harvard, 11
(Steven, October 4, 2011, “The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined”, Viking Adult, 2/29/12, atl)

This book is about what may be the most … deal with changing circumstances.

War is at its lowest level in history because of US primacy---best statistical studies prove heg solves war because it makes democratic peace resilient globalization sustainable---it’s the deeper cause of proximate checks against war
Owen, UVA politics professor, 2011
(John, “Don’t Discount Hegemony”, 2-11, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/, DOA: 10-9-11, ldg)

Andrew Mack and his colleagues at … and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong. 

Hegemony solves nuke war and extinction – multipolarity is inevitable but absolute US power smooths the transition and is empirically correlated to great-power peace
Barnett, Naval War College Warfare Analysis and Research Department professor, 2011
(Thomas, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads”, 3-7, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads, DOA: 10-9-11, ldg)

Let me be more blunt: As the guardian of … in the geometry to come.

American intervention is inevitable – it’s a question of whether it’s effective
Continetti, associate editor of the Weekly Standard, 2008
(Matthew, “If we don't maintain world order, who will?”, 3-4, LA Times, http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/opinion/la-op-antle-continetti4mar04,1,2482677.story?ctrack=4andcset=true, ldg)

Today's prompt asks us, "Is interventionism …make the same mistakes again.

Politicians will cling to hegemony no matter what
Calleo, SAIS European Studies professor, 2010
(David, “American Decline Revisited,” Survival, 52:4, 215 – 227, ebsco, ldg)

The history of the past two decades … that threatens the world with inflation.

Absolute decline means the US will become uncooperative and desperate---hegemonic wars will ensue
Goldstein, Penn IR professor, 2007
(Avery, “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30, Issue 4 and 5 August, ebsco, ldg)

Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical … grounds for concern about the period prior to the possible crossover.19 pg. 647-650 

Shocks to the system are the ONLY propensity for conflict—globalization and liberal norms have eradicated warfare and structural violence—every field study proves
Horgan, Stevens Institute of Technology Center for Science director, 2009
(John, “The End of the Age of War”, 12-6, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/12/06/the-end-of-the-age-of-war.html, DOA: 10-9-11, ldg)

The economic crisis was supposed to … International Peace Research Institute in Oslo. 

Focus on strategic deterrence and democracy are key to adverting crisis escalation—reject the infinite number of root causes that debilitate action
Moore, UVA law professor, 2004
(John, “Beyond the Democratic Peace: Solving the War Puzzle”, 44 Va. J. Int'l L. 341, Winter, lexis, ldg)

If major interstate war is predominantly a … are dramatically increased or decreased? 

Blanket indicts aren’t accurate
Sorensen, Aarhus University IR professor, 1998
(Georg, “IR Theory after the cold war” Review of International Studies, JSTOR, ldg)

What, then, are the more general … embrace any conceivable change project.28

Rational choice theory is good
Owen, Southampton Political theory reader, 2002
(David, “Re-orienting International Relations: On Pragmatism, Pluralism and Practical Reasoning”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 31.3, SAGE, ldg)

Commenting on the ‘philosophical turn’ in IR, …, and so a potentially vicious circle arises.

Our method of policy advocate is productive and effective
Martin, Cambridge geography professor, 2001
(Ron, “Geography and public policy: the case of the missing agenda”, Progress in Human Geography 25,2, SAGE, ldg)

One reason for the neglect of public … can form the basis of critical public policy analysis.9

Tournament: JMU | Round: Quarters | Opponent: GMU LY | Judge: 

Free market fails – federal support is key
Wilson, Southern Alliance for Clean Energy director of research, 11
(John. “Energy Subsidies in a Free Market.” 12-17. http://theenergycollective.com/johnwilson/69594/energy-subsidies-free-market. Accessed: 10/02/2012. ADC)

 Bob Inglis’ call to “simultaneously eliminate all … guarantees are needed, but they won’t be necessary.” 

Tournament: JMU | Round: Quarters | Opponent: GMU LY | Judge: 

Congress provides the necessary oversight
Fertel, Nuclear Energy Institute Senior Vice President and Chief Nuclear Officer, 05
(Marvin, CQ Congressional Testimony, “NUCLEAR POWER'S PLACE IN A NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY,” lexis, 10/4/12, atl)

Industry and government will be _{,-that arise with all advanced technologies.}

Tournament: JMU | Round: Quarters | Opponent: GMU LY | Judge: 

We’re a step in the right direction – thorium was ignored because it couldn’t be used to make a bomb
Puplava, PFS Group Chief Investment Strategist, 11
(President, “Kirk Sorensen States Thorium a Million Times More Energy Dense than Fossil Fuels”, http://www.financialsense.com/contributors/james-j-puplava/kirk-sorensen-thorium-a-million-times-more-energy-dense-than-fossil-fuels, 10/4/12, atl)

Kirk: (2:14) Yeah, I’d be happy to _{,rather than to make nuclear weapons.}

Tournament: JMU | Round: Quarters | Opponent: GMU LY | Judge: 

Nuclear doesn’t trade off with oil
Styles, GSW Strategy Group managing director, 12
(Geoffrey. “How Helpless Are We in the Face of Rising Oil Prices?” 2-24. http://energyoutlook.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-helpless-are-we-in-face-of-rising.html. Accessed: 10/02/2012. ADC)

 To see why requires a sense of how the oil … future, they are a rhetorical diversion. 

Prices tanking and volatility high – poor global economic outlook and increasing US production
AP, 10-8
(Associated Press, "Oil prices fall as world growth outlook dims," 10-8-12, http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2012/10/08/oil-price-world-growth-outlook/1619777/, accessed 10-12-12, mtf)

A string of indicators that the …shipments of North Sea oil were keeping a floor under Brent prices.

Latin America has a history of tension and conflict
States News Service, 2009
("South America And Its Likelihood Of A Season Of Splendid Little Wars: An Analysis Of Arms Races And Regional Geopolitics," 10-8-2009, l/n, accessed 11-6-2010, mtf)

Close Calls and the Falklands Scenario Over the … mass protests against military rule. 

High prices are inevitable – growth in developing countries outweighs
Gold, WSJ staff writer, 2012
(Russell, “Drivers Cut Back on $4 Gas”, Wall Street Journal, April 28, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703367004576289292254881456.html, accessed 9/18/12, SLC)

After weeks of paying steadily … trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.

High oil prices collapse the CCP
Peek, The Fiscal Times, 2011
(Liz, “Oil Price Surge: How Libya Threatens China Growth”, 4-13, http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Columns/2011/04/13/Oil-Price-Surge-How-Libya-Threatens-China-Growth.aspx, DOA: 9-21-11, ldg)

For China, though, the Libyan engagement … “inflation tiger” back in its cage.

Triggers internal Chinese instability-causes WMD lash out
Renxing, Epoch Times staff, 2005
(San, "The CCP’s Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War," Epoch Times, 8-5, http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html, DOA: 9-4-12)

Since the Party’s life is “above … hostage and gamble with their lives.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pitt JW | Judge:
Solvency

SMRs are safe – invulnerable to natural disaster, and checks prolif threats
Szondy, former university lecturer in history and archeology, 12
(David, award winning freelance writer for Gizmag, a science magazine, February 16, 2012, “Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?” http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/, 6/3/12, atl)

SMRs also enjoy a good deal … interfere with the operation of the others.

Large-scale nuclear power transition solves warming – assumes resource and time restraints
Knapp et al., University of Zagreb professor, 10
(Vladimir Knapp, Dubravko Pevec, and Mario Matijević, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Department of Applied Physics, University of Zagreb in Croatia, "The potential of fission nuclear power in resolving global climate change under the constraints of nuclear fuel resources and once-through fuel cycles," Energy Policy Volume 38, Issue 11, November 2010, Science Direct, accessed 8-22-12, mtf)

In this study, we have investigated … public acceptance of nuclear energy.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pitt JW | Judge:
Perm shields from politics – state delegation makes the plan invisible
Sharpe, Law Professor, University of Illinois, 11
(Jamelle C., Associate Professor of Law and Richard W. and Marie L. Corman Scholar at the University of Illinois College of Law, J.D. from Yale Law School, “Legislating Preemption,” October 2011, l/n, accessed 8-14-12, ara)

From a purely political perspective, … another branch of government. n76 

States can’t solve transboundary issues AND can’t afford research, which is key to effective policy
Stein, Associate Professor, Tulane University School of Law, 12
(Amy L, “The Tipping Point Of Federalism,” 7-3-12, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2098176, Connecticut Law Review, accessed 8-17-12, ara)

Federalism scholars like Professor …fund regulation addressing egalitarian concerns.42 

6. No lit assumes the CP as an opportunity cost for the aff – complexity and variation make state energy policy impossible to empirically measure
Carley, Graduate Fellow, Center for Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Economic Development, UNC, 10
(Sanya, Graduate Fellow, The Center for Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Economic Development, UNC Chapel Hill, Energy Program Specialist, The Wisconsin Public Utility Institute, 2005-06, “Electricity Diversification, Decentralization, And Decarbonization: The Role Of U.S. State Energy Policy” 2010, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record;jsessionid=77C109DBD786C00A749A6D1236696A50?id=uuid%3A4c318329-cbdd-4fd4-b791-90182e820062, accessed 8-13-12, ara)

Some states have already experienced…policy concerns listed above. 

States can’t solve international perception – united voice is key
Bradley, Law Professor, University of Virginia, 2
(Curtis A, “World War II Compensation and Foreign Relations Federalism,” 2002, http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2098andcontext=faculty_scholarshipandsei-redir=1andreferer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fas_ylo%3D2000%26as_yhi%3D2015%26q%3Dfederalism%2BAND%2Bwar%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C30#search=%22federalism%20war%22, accessed 9-5-12, ara)

Many foreign affairs scholars believe ..than some sort of dormant federal preemption. 

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pitt JW | Judge: 

Solves disease
Torre, Torre Law Owner and Attorney, 12
(Kelly de la, Specializes in Clean energy transition, Masters and Bachelors in Chemistry from University of New Mexico,  June 26, 2012, “Flibe Energy and the Thorium Super-Fuel Revival”, http://www.theicosamagazine.com/flibe-energy, 8/21/12, atl)

Remarkably, there are still more … is scheduled to be retired in 2016

C. Extinction
Keating, Foreign Policy web editor, 9
(Joshua, “The End of the World”, 11-13-09, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, ldg)

How it could happen: Throughout history… and just as troubling complication.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 3 | Opponent: MWU LP | Judge: 

1. Permutation— do both
   Rejection fails-leaves people politically immobile due to lack of vision. Perm solves best because it pragmatically incorporates neoliberal elements for social good AND our framework is superior because it promotes experimentation over theoretical rejection (also a reason to default to specificity)
   Ferguson, Stanford anthropology chair and professor, 2010
   (James, “Toward a left art of government: from ‘Foucauldian critique’ to Foucauldian politics”,History of the Human Sciences 2011 24: 61, SAGE, ldg)

One of the founding premises of this…is being redrawn, even as we speak. 

2. Collapse is worse for all their impacts---causes extinction of every other species and then humans
Monbiot, visiting Environmental Policy professorship at Oxford, 2009
(George, “Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?”, 8-17, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change, DOA: 8-16-12, ldg)

The interesting question, and the one that …, because you think it isn't. 

4. Discount their impacts-prior assumptions dispose them to pessimism-better to adapt globalization for the better and prefer specificity.
Aisbett, Crawford School of Economics and Government lecturer, 2007
(Emma, “Why Are the Critics So Convinced That Globalization Is Bad for the Poor?”, March, http://www.nber.org/chapters/c0113.pdf, DOA: 8-17-12, ldg)

This paper has attempted to …owe it to the world’s poor to do better. 

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 3 | Opponent: MWU LP | Judge: 

Fiscal Cliff is unlikely to be resolved due to tax polarization, time constraints, and congressional elections ONLY the 2012 elections can change the outcome AND even if it is triggered, the effects will be gradual—solves the impact
OMB Watch, 10/10
(October 10, 2012, “Passing Over the “Fiscal Cliff” in Early 2013 Seems Increasingly Likely”, http://beforeitsnews.com/politics/2012/10/passing-over-the-fiscal-cliff-in-early-2013-seems-increasingly-likely-2462036.html, 10/17/12, atl)

While the outcome of the 2012 election … the last few weeks of 2012.

No pol cap loss from nuclear
Hinckley, Georgetown University Energy Policy professor, 11
(Elias, partner with the law firm of Kilpatrick Townsend and Stockton. “Hard Choices Ahead for US Energy Policy.” June 2011. http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/EHinckley-policy-article.pdf. Accessed: 10/02/2012. ADC)

 What remains unclear is how …being developed over the near or midterm.

IRS solves the impact
McKinnon, writer for WSJ, 10/1
(John D, October 1, 2012, “IRS Could Buy Time on Fiscal Cliff”, http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2012/10/01/irs-could-buy-time-on-fiscal-cliff/, 10/1712, atl)

The prospect of the U.S. … time to reach a compromise.

Mid-east conflict doesn’t escalate- self-interest contains war. History overwhelmingly proves.
Satloff, Washington Institute for Near East Policy executive director, 12-19-2006
Robert, "Forget the Domino Theories," www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1011, accessed 10-2-10, mss

The wise men (and woman) don't know … in danger inside Iraq will be the United States.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 3 | Opponent: MWU LP | Judge:
IAEA underfunded now
Reuters, 12
(August 13, 2012, “IAEA cash gap may hinder nuke role, report says”, http://www.jpost.com/IranianThreat/News/Article.aspx?id=273708, 10/19/12, atl)

The United Nations' nuclear agency is ... states on a voluntary basis.

IEAE fails—lack of resources, institutional support, or enforcement mechanisms
Council on Foreign Relations, 12
(July 5, 2012, “The Global Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime”, http://www.cfr.org/proliferation/global-nuclear-nonproliferation-regime/p18984, 10/19/12, atl)

NNWS are subject to safeguards to ... the additional protocols mandatory.