Tournament: UK RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Emporia  | Judge: Hester

Tournament: UK RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Emporia  | Judge: Hester
1nc Coalition DA

---Criticism of energy production without material alternatives fail --- Alienates impoverished minorities and labor movements from leftist activism by denying employment opportunities.
Jones 2009
Van, attorney, founder and president of the Oakland, California-based organization Green for All, founder and at the time director of the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, an organization focusing on the problem of police brutality and the over-incarceration of California youth, Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation at the White House Council on Environmental Equality, Antiracism and Environmental Justice in an Age of Neoliberalism: An Interview with Van Jones, Anoop Mirpuri, Keith P. Feldman and Georgia M. Roberts, Antipode, Vol. 41 No. 3
Leftists on one side...just absolutely has that potential.

---Withdrawing from energy policy cedes government agenda to the prison-industrial complex --- Only policy advocacies for social and racial justice such as Green Jobs, Not Jails that are positioned to exploit the growing division between green and traditional fossil fuel corporate interests can create change.
Jones 2009
Van, attorney, founder and president of the Oakland, California-based organization Green for All, founder and at the time director of the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, an organization focusing on the problem of police brutality and the over-incarceration of California youth, Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation at the White House Council on Environmental Equality, Antiracism and Environmental Justice in an Age of Neoliberalism: An Interview with Van Jones, Anoop Mirpuri, Keith P. Feldman and Georgia M. Roberts, Antipode, Vol. 41 No. 3
we have a very adolescent approach ... the Left is in right now

---United leftist activism is critical to check American imperialism --- Only narrow policy debates can build effective support to challenges wars of domination.
Chernus 2003
Ira, Professor of Religious Studies at UC Boulder, To Get Peace Message Heard, Call Our Leaders Misguided, Not Evil, Common Dreams, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0324-05.htm
The critics of U.S. aims ...wars for global domination

2nc Coalitions DA
---Alienating labor interests independently turns case --- Economic not racial disparities are the best predictors for inequitable waste and pollution distribution. Independently, this disproves the need to prioritize identity over material politics.
Couch et al 2003
Couch, Jim F. Williams, Peter M. Halvorson, Jon. Malone, Keith. Of racism and rubbish: the geography of race and pollution in Mississippi, The Independent Review, v. VIII, n. 2, Fall 2003, ISSN 1086-1653, pp. 235–247
no positive association exists ... living in predominantly minority counties

---Their inability to provide a substantive response to the objection that embracing the affirmative would cause most impoverished minorities to lose their jobs empirically causes them to side with corporate polluters --- See California’s Proposition 87 debate.
Jones 2008
Van, Bridging The Green Divide: Van Jones On Jobs, Jails, And Environmental Justice, The Sun Magazine, http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_10895.cfm
California turned down Proposition 87 ... if they get stuck paying higher rates

---This means the most important activist skills are the ones that expand membership and coalition politics.  
Griswold 2010
Wendy, The Green Collar Economy: How One Solution Can Fix Our Two Biggest Problems, A Reader’s Guide, Eco-Literacy/Interdepartmental Reading Group, Kansas State University,  http://www.engg.ksu.edu/CHSR/sustainability/EcoLiteracyReadingGroup/docs/TheGreenCollarEconomy_readers_guide.pdf
The support of government ... decrease their cost of living

---There is a growing fissure between new green and traditional fossil fuel corporations that must be exploited in order to address environmental racism. The affirmative’s focus on critique rather than pragmatic activism and program advocacy means they get crushed by business interests because they don’t have the skills necessary to turn enemies against each other or into friends.
Jones 2009
Van, attorney, founder and president of the Oakland, California-based organization Green for All, founder and at the time director of the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, an organization focusing on the problem of police brutality and the over-incarceration of California youth, Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation at the White House Council on Environmental Equality, Antiracism and Environmental Justice in an Age of Neoliberalism: An Interview with Van Jones, Anoop Mirpuri, Keith P. Feldman and Georgia M. Roberts, Antipode, Vol. 41 No. 3
Injecting a dynamic where it’s not ... strength and influence in society.

Tournament: UK RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Emporia  | Judge: Hester
1nc Warming DA

---Prioritizing an interrogation of identity and zones of sacrifice as a prerequisite to the search for policy alternatives to fossil fuel production makes effective response to global warming impossible
Monbiot 2008
George, English Writer and Environmental and Political Activist, 9-4, “Identity Politics in Climate Change Hell,” http://www.celsias.com/article/identity-politics-climate-change-hell/
identity politics that plagued ... between government and the mafia

---This round is key --- The debate space is a critical avenue to reframe climate change and mobilize change.
Nisbet 2009
Matthew, assistant professor at American University’s School of Communication, a research fellow at AU’s Center for Social Media, and an affiliated researcher at the Center for Climate Change Communication at George Mason University, Communicating Climate Change: Why Frames Matter for Public Engagement, Environment, http://www.environmentmagazine.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/March-April%202009/Nisbet-full.html
absent a shift in the polls ... relevant, and personally important

---Global warming compounds structural racism --- Only reframing the need for immediate action against global warming as a social justice issue can prevent extinction.
Wise 2010
Tim, anti-racist writers and activist, With Friends Like These, Who Needs Glenn Beck? Racism and White Privilege on the Liberal-Left, http://redroom.com/member/tim-wise/blog/with-friends-like-these-who-needs-glenn-beck-racism-and-white-privilege-on-the-
connect the dots between global warming ... to weaken the fight for survival.

2nc Warming DA
---Err Negative --- Warming compounds every instance of structural inequality.
Hoerner and Robinson 2009
J., Nia, Just Climate Policy —Just Racial Policy, excerpted from a comprehensive report enitled “A Climate of Change” published by the EJCC Initiative, http://urbanhabitat.org/files/Hoerner-Robinson.Climate.16-2-8.pdf
Global warming amplifies nearly all ... is climate justice 

Tournament: UK RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Emporia  | Judge: Hester
1nc Case Ans

---Energy policy does not necessitate zones of sacrifice --- The conclusion of your article cites several technical policy level fixes to energy production policy that can effectively challenge the structural and ideological basis for environmental racism.
Bullard 2008
Robert D., Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html
Conclusion The environmental justice movement ... public health and the environment.

---Activist strategies focused on technical policy solutions to environmental racism are empirically successful --- Four empirical examples.
(A.) Citizens Against Toxic Exposure.
Bullard - Their Author - 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/$file/bullard.pdf
the 60-foot high mound of contaminated ... landmark victory for environmental justice.

(B.) Citizens Against Nuclear Trash.
Bullard - Their Author - 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/$file/bullard.pdf
Residents from Homer and the ...the Claiborne Parish School Board

(C.) Convent Environmental Justice Coalition.
Bullard - Their Author - 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/$file/bullard.pdf
The Japanese-owned Shintech applied for a ... victory against environmental racism

(D.) Camden Waterfront Coalition.
Bullard - Their Author - 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/$file/bullard.pdf
a handful of residents ... pollution and odour-releasing facilities 

---Turn --- Pollution Outsourcing --- Criticizing local waste and energy production without alternative just pushes those processes onto other countries with even less regulatory capacity.
Treuer 2011
Tim, Environmental and reforestation activist currently working on Indonesian Environmental reform, BIMBYism, http://treuer.tumblr.com/post/6965356686/bimbyism
There’s a lot of heated debate ... it’s time to embrace BIMBY 

---Skwo Solves the Aff --- Environmental justice movements have already succeeded in reframing representations and focus of energy policy --- Empiric difficulty in translating that frame into policy action means the affirmative focuses on the wrong set of skills for effective activism.
Foreman 2002
Christopher H. Jr., Nonresident Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institute, Remarks on Environmental Justice, United States Commission on Civil Rights, http://www.brookings.edu/research/testimony/2002/01/11environment-foreman
environmental justice has succeeded remarkably ... were being crafted a generation ago.

2nc Case Ans
Turns the Case --- The affirmative’s de-legitimization of federal policymaking eliminates the only restriction on state and local governments who are much worse.
Bullard - Their Author - 2011
Yerman Interviewing Dr. Robert D., Justice for Our Children, Mom’s For Clean Air, http://www.momscleanairforce.org/2011/11/16/dr-robert-d-bullard-justice-for-our-children/
When people demonize the EPA, it’s totally bogus ... circumstances, “states have done a lousy job.”

---These arguments disprove the inevitability of zones of sacrifice in American energy policy and solvency for the counter-advocacy. Programs like Green Jobs, Not Jails that strategically engages with government policy and hold it accountable to its failed promise of democratic equality force the state to account for the externalities of production and halt the construction of zones of sacrifice.
Swyngedouw 2011
Eric, Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces, Political Geography (2011), doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.08.001
Re-politicizing space as an intervention ... radically different partition of the sensible 

---Resistance is the link --- Merely mobilizing public opposition creates an economic incentive for companies to simply outsource their pollution.
Park 1998
Rozelia, Indiana University School of Law, An Examination of International Environmental Racism Through the Lens of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes, Vol. 5: Iss. 2, Article 14, http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol5/iss2/14
Increased public opposition ... standards and lower disposal prices

---The link is empirically proven --- Any energy production plants they succeed in disrupting will simply be rebuilt overseas.
Henn 2007
Jamie,  co-coordinator of 350.org, an international global warming campaign, In 2007, he co-organized Step It Up, a campaign that pulled together over 2,000 climate rallies across the United States to push for strong climate action at the federal level, Not In My Country: Outsourcing Pollution, http://itsgettinghotinhere.org/2007/09/15/not-in-my-country-outsourcing-pollution/
When we close a coal plant ... being nullified overseas

---Pollution outsourcing turns their disposability claims --- The affirmative merely shifts sacrificial groups from local to international.
Bullard 2008
Robert D., Ware Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center, POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES, http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html
The call for environmental and economic justice ... the "path of least resistance." 

---Outweighs the Case --- Pollution outsourcing is comparatively worse than domestic environmental racism --- Less local control, administrative capacity and technological expertise.
Park 1998
Rozelia, Indiana University School of Law, An Examination of International Environmental Racism Through the Lens of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes, Vol. 5: Iss. 2, Article 14, http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol5/iss2/14
The people of the Third World ... to properly dispose of hazardous wastes

---Finally, this is a net benefit to the counter-advocacy --- Green Jobs, Not Jails precludes international outsourcing of energy policy externalities.
Jones 2008
Van, Bridging The Green Divide: Van Jones On Jobs, Jails, And Environmental Justice, The Sun Magazine, http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_10895.cfm
One good thing about green-collar jobs ... employment for U.S. workers

---Prioritizing form over content turns the Aff --- Disconnecting the form of the 1ac from the material effects of their advocacy isolated in our case turns reifies structural racism --- Two reasons.
(1.) Distances the affirmative from the real life effects of racism --- Privileging the principle of ‘identity’ at the expense of policy analysis fails by framing the debate along ideological terms replicating the same flawed logic as colorblind conservatism.   
Bracey 2006
Christopher A., Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African and African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 13-18
Second, reducing conversation on race ... deepens the cycle of resentment.

(2.) Makes challenging structural racism impossible --- Separating form for material consequences fails to account for the persistent ability of racism to hide among legal minutia. Additionally, this proves the counter-advocacy can overcome their offense about the inevitability of racial inequality with thorough policy analysis.  
Silliman 2003
Mathew R., Professor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, Theory and Research in Education, Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 307-309
it will not I think be possible to ... racist) social status quo 

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1nc

—-The affirmative’s view of energy as interchangeable units collapses the political by obfuscating structures of consumption. Energy policy becomes a rigged game requiring the annihilation of the environment, poverty and exploitation of billions.

Hildyard Lohmann %26 Sexton 2012
Nicholas, founder and Director of The Corner House, Larry, author of the book "Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power" %26 works at the British NGO The Corner House, Sarah, a director of The Corner House, Energy Security For What? For Whom? The Corner House, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/energy-security-whom-what
In sum, encouraging a rational debate about "energy security" necessitates understanding what
AND
policymakers and social movements must ask when initiating any discussion of energy security.

—-The impact is extinction —- Collapse of politics proper risks hyper-industrial Armageddon.

Illich 1974
Ivan, Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest, and "maverick social critic" of the institutions of contemporary western culture, Energy and Equity, http://worldstreets.wordpress.com/2010/09/29/energy-and-equity-ivan-illich/
I will argue here that technocracy must prevail as soon as the ratio of mechanical
AND
industrial-minded planners bent on keeping industrial production at some hypothetical maximum.

—-The alternative is to repoliticize energy politics; shifting the focus from perfecting structures of oppression to debating the desirability of existing energy structures in the first place.

Swyngedouw 2009
Erik, School of Environment and Development, Manchester University, The Antinomies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a Democratic Politics of Environmental Production, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 601–620
Live Earth concerts, waving the banner of climate change and urging the world’s leaders
AND
presence of power relations and competing interests (Dikeç, 2005: 172).

Overview —- 2nc Energy Impact

—-Depoliticizing energy production makes extinction inevitable —- Extend Illich —- Only political contestation can create the limits required to preserve the global biosphere and prevent the creation and use of world ending technology such as nuclear weapons.

—-Specifically, failing to challenge the political structure of global energy production and consumption causes global war.

Byrne %26 Toly 2006
John, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy (CEEP) and Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at the University of Delaware, Noah, research associate and Ph.D. candidate in the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy at the University of Delaware, Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse, Transforming Power: Energy, Environment and Society in Conflict, pg
 Remaining modern, however, also demands an increasing commitment to override what lags
AND
will, in all likelihood, force further needs to militarize its operations.

—-This violence comparatively outweighs the aff in terms of both magnitude and probability —- Collapse of the political makes enmity invisible and genocidal.

Reinhard 2004
Kenneth, UCLA, Towards a Political-Theology of the Neighbor (Draft), Google Cache
If the concept of the political is defined, as Carl Schmitt does, in
AND
ultimately appeasing contours, because they would be identifiable" (PF 83). 

—-Makes solvency impossible —- Failure to politicize energy security naturalizes inequality sparking localistic, nationalist and religious backlash. Instead of promoting "energy security" we need to ask "energy security for who?"

Hildyard Lohmann %26 Sexton 2012
Nicholas, founder and Director of The Corner House, Larry, author of the book "Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power" %26 works at the British NGO The Corner House, Sarah, a director of The Corner House, Energy Security For What? For Whom? The Corner House, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/energy-security-whom-what
One of the ironies of upper-case Energy Security is that it is unavoidably
AND
"scarce", accumulation of more Security is only making it more so.

Nuclear Power —- 2nc Energy Link

—-Privileging nuclear power treats radioactive material as interchangeable objects to be controlled and manipulated. This technocratic rationalization makes nuclear war inevitable.

Kovel 1984
Joel, The Culture of Technocracy, Against the State of Nuclear Terror, pg 107, http://www.colorado.edu/ReligiousStudies/chernus/4820-ColdWarCulture/Readings/AgainstTheStateOfNuclearTerror.pdf
Nuclear weaponry is not just an aberration but the logical result of an entire attitude
AND
any serious question of whether or not to drop the bomb on Hiroshima. 

====—-Nuclear power demands totalitarianism —- Depoliticized demands for increased energy production provide cover for expanded surveillance and state coercion. ====
Sovacool 2006
Benjamin, doctoral candidate in the Department of Science and Technology Studies at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute %26 State University, Reactors, Weapons, X-Rays, and Solar Panels: Using SCOT, Technological Frame, Epistemic Culture, and Actor Network Theory to Investigate Technology, Journal of Technical Studies, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JOTS/v32/v32n1/sovacool.html
The methodological approach called the social construction of technology (SCOT) suggests that technological
AND
also embedding social values related to wealth, electricity consumption, and progress.

A2 Nuclear

> Economic Progressivism —- 2nc Energy Link===

—-The argument that nuclear power is key to economic stability/progressive politics is an ideological not factual claim that masks the structural basis for American inequality behind a fog of technological management.

Nelson 1984
Lin, PROMISE HER EVERYTHING: THE NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRY’S AGENDA FOR WOMEN, Feminist Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Summer, 1984), pp. 291-314
With media proclamations that "nuclear may be dead," the industry is defending itself
AND
to simple energy blackmail: no nukes, no jobs. .. .11 

Reps 1^st

—-Framing determines policy effectiveness —- 90% of policy errors emerge from the flawed and deterministic lens of security.

Lowth 2011
Colonel R. G., British Army, ’Securitization’ and its effect on Strategic Thinking, SEAFORD HOUSE PAPER, Royal Defense Studies
A frame is ’a perspective from which a problematic situation can be made sense
AND
but caries ’real-world’ significance’ (Hough, 2004:14).

A2 Permutation Do Both —- 2nc Energy Alt

—-The permutation’s pragmatic combination fails because it still allows the debate to be framed by "energy production" which taints the affirmative’s ability to define problems and create solutions outside of existing structures of global inequality.

Hildyard Lohmann %26 Sexton 2012
Nicholas, founder and Director of The Corner House, Larry, author of the book "Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power" %26 works at the British NGO The Corner House, Sarah, a director of The Corner House, Energy Security For What? For Whom? The Corner House, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/energy-security-whom-what
For time-pressed, slogan-bound, "must-be-ready
AND
) are making a transition away from fossil fuels far harder to achieve.

—-Permutations themselves are a link —- The knee jerk reaction to combine fundamentally opposed positions into one happy consensus and replaces the antagonisms constitutive of political space with the vacuous notion of a "best policy option." Permutations can only steamroll true politics because in its rush to include everything, it leaves no space for opposition or dissensus.

Swyngedouw 2009
Erik, Geography @ School of Environment and Development Manchester University, Climate Change as Post-Political and Post-Democratic Populism, Paper presented at DVPW conference, Kiel, Germany, 22-25 September
Consensually established concerns, like climate change, structured around ecologies of fear — threats
AND
, most importantly, for the naming different possible socio-environmental futures.

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Uniqueness-Russian PNTR will pass in the lame-duck-has the votes and Obama will push
Inside U.S. Trade 9/21/12
HEADLINE: KIRK CALLS ON CONGRESS TO PASS RUSSIA MFN ’IMMEDIATELY’ UPON RETURN BODY:
U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk this week called on Congress to pass
AND
merely cited for political cover ahead of the election, this source said.
B. Links

Energy debates drain capital
National Journal 12 ("Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829)
In a climate where everything from transportation issues to the farm bill have gotten caught
AND
Congress is gridlocked because of who is there.… The middle is gone."

Narrow agenda key to productive session. Empirically, Obama overreaching threatens to collapse lame-duck.
Miniter-investigative journalist-12
Leading from Behind: The Reluctant President and the Advisors Who Decide for Him p.85

After the historic defeat, Axelrod went on to teach a course called Campaign Strategy
AND
. Congress was exhausted and didn’t want to take any more political risks.
C. Impact

Failure makes Russia lashout
Milov et al 3/14/12  (Sergey Aleksashenko Political Council member, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas) Alexander Lebedev Independent businessman and politician Vladimir Milov Leader, "Democratic Choice" movement Alexey Navalny Attorney and civil activist Boris Nemtsov Co-chairman, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas), "Solidarity" movement Ilya Ponomarev State Duma member, Just Russia Party Vladimir Ryzhkov Co-chairman, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas) "Remove Russia from Jackson-Vanik%21"
Removal of Russia from the provisions of the Cold War era Jackson-Vanik Amendment
AND
Bill 1039). It is time to remove Russia from Jackson-Vanik%21 

Causes nuclear war and extinction
Israelyan 98 Victor was a Soviet ambassador, diplomat, arms control negotiator, and leading political scientist. The Washington Quarterly, Winter)
The first and by far most dangerous possibility is what I call the power scenario
AND
be able to stumble on, until we all fall down together." n12

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc t
A. Definition
Reduce means to diminish in size or number.
Merriam-Webster’s dictionary 2010, Britannica Online
Reduce: to diminish in size, amount, extent, or number

B. Violation

First, Restriction is the authority to confine energy production
Word Net 3.1
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=restriction-http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=restriction
Noun
S: thumb_down restriction, limitation (a principle that limits the extent of something) "I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements"
S: thumb_down limitation, restriction (an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation))
S: thumb_down restriction, confinement (the act of keeping something within specified bounds (by force if necessary)) "the restriction of the infection to a focal area"

Second, the plan transfers who gets to decide on offshore wind restrictions, it doesn’t reduce
Salt Lake Tribune 8/23/12
http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/politics/54752320-90/drilling-energy-federal-gas.html.csp-http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/politics/54752320-90/drilling-energy-federal-gas.html.csp/
Washington • Mitt Romney’s proposed energy blueprint, which he says will wean America off
AND
oil and gas drilling, bypassing federal land management plans and environmental guidelines.

C. Negative Interpretation is Superior

Limits-there interpretation explodes the topic by allowing any number of cases that transfer or change restrictions instead of reducing them.

Ground-their interpretation undermines core negative ground by allowing them to no link out of arguments like energy Das by claiming state regulation solve the link. It also creates a range of unpredictable advantages off authority

D. Topicality is a voting issue

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc Policy
Text —- The United States federal government should hold a binding national policy referendum over whether to _ and should implement the result.
—-National referendums are insulated from political controversy.
Suksi 1993
Markku, Professor of law at Abo Akademi University, Bringing in the People, pg 12
A policy vote, again, is often characterized by a transference of the political
AND
, as a matter of fact, in a positive-sum solution.  
—-Genuine citizen engagement in energy policy formation is critical to solvency.
Hendriks 2009
Carolyn M., Crawford School of Economics and Government @ Australia National University, Securing public legitimacy for long-term energy reforms, PUBLIC POLICY NETWORK CONFERENCETHE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, CANBERRA29-30 JANUARY
Integrate policy development with empowered forms of citizen engagement A more radical strategy would be
AND
have to reconsider their views on the role of citizens in energy politics.
—-The impact is extinction.
Cox 2012
William John, retired police officer, prosecutor, public interest lawyer, author and political activist, Global Research - Political Transformation in America: Effectuating Real Democracy by a Voters’ Rights Amendment, http://thevoters.org/
A National Policy Referendum can produce a number of positive results: First, the
AND
democracy is no longer an option. It is a matter of survival%21
1nc Critique
Text —- The United States federal government should hold a binding national policy referendum over whether to _ and should implement the result.
—-Genuine citizen engagement in energy policy formation is critical to solvency.
Hendriks 2009
Carolyn M., Crawford School of Economics and Government @ Australia National University, Securing public legitimacy for long-term energy reforms, PUBLIC POLICY NETWORK CONFERENCETHE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, CANBERRA29-30 JANUARY
Integrate policy development with empowered forms of citizen engagement A more radical strategy would be
AND
have to reconsider their views on the role of citizens in energy politics.
—-Engagement with the people is a prerequisite to larger social change.
Löwy 2009
Michael, Fellow of the IIRE in Amsterdam and former research director of the French National Council for Scientific Research, Climate Change - a contribution to the debate, IV Online magazine : IV418, http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article1741
Ecosocialist planning must be based on democratic and pluralist debate, at every level of
AND
result of their struggles, their self-education and their social experience.
—-The impact is American imperialism.
Cox 2012
William John, retired police officer, prosecutor, public interest lawyer, author and political activist, Global Research - Political Transformation in America: Effectuating Real Democracy by a Voters’ Rights Amendment, http://thevoters.org/
A National Policy Referendum can produce a number of positive results: First, the
AND
democracy is no longer an option. It is a matter of survival%21
K Aff (S)/A2 Imagination —- 2nc Solvency
—-Political consultation with the public is key to solve the affirmative —- Extend Löwy —- Only engagement with the people can mobilize the political involvement necessary to create support for the structural and attitudinal change necessary to solve whatever.
—-The plan restricts the creation of future possibilities to limited party politics —- Only the counterplan solves their imagination good claims by opening political discussion up to the people.
Gare 2003
Arran, Swinburne University social sciences professor, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia, Ph.D. from Murdoch University, "Beyond Social Democracy? Beyond Social Democracy?" Democracy and Nature, 9(3), http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/journal/vol1/vol1_no3_gare_PRINTABLE.htm
The point of offering such a model is not to prescribe how people should organize
AND
brutalization, but also the destruction of the ecological conditions of their existence.
A2 Tyranny of the Majority —- 2nc Solvency
—-Majorities re-align and the Courts protect rights —- No right of majority abuses.
Bowler 2008  
UC Riverside- and Glazer- Author "Why Gov’t succeeds and why it fails" Direct Democracy’s Impact on American Political Institutions, "Hybrid Democracy and its Consequences" pg. 8
Some observers argue that the majority-rule aspect of direct democracy means that voters
AND
the rights of the minority are protected from both direct and representative democracy.
—-Counterplan solves —- Direct democracy is the best alternative for autonomy maximization.
Budge 1996
Ian, Prof @ U. of Essex, The New Challenge of Direct Democracy, p. 11-12
However, one can also see possible difficulties in the argument for choice based on
AND
however, they leave the other justifications for participation with considerable overall validity.
A2 Perm Do Both —- 2nc Solvency
—-The permutation links to the internal net benefit —- Only committing to implement the will of the people mobilizes voter participation.
Duvivier 2006
KK associate professor at the University of Denver College of Law, THE UNITED STATES AS A DEMOCRATIC IDEAL? INTERNATIONAL LESSONS IN REFERENDUM DEMOCRACY, Legal Research Paper Series, Working Paper No. 07-13, http://ssrn.com/abstract= 960319
In contrast to votes that bind in legal terms, some referendums are only advisory
AND
ithin a decade . . . appears to have fallen into desuetude."176
—-Turn —- Leaks
(A.) The lie permutation will be leaked.
Washington Times 2012
Obama, the leaker in chief, The Washington Times, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/jun/8/obama-the-leaker-in-chief/
Even very liberal legislators are worried about the brewing crisis of administration staff leaks.
AND
thing," former CIA bin Laden hunter Michael Scheur said at the time.
(B.) Err negative —- Referendum process creates informed citizens with a strong incentive to expose lying politicians.
Feld %26 Kirchgassner 2000
Lars P., UniÍersity of St. Gallen, SIAW-HSG, Institutsgebaude, Gebhard, Corresponding Author, Direct democracy, political culture, and the outcome of economic policy: a report on the Swiss experience, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 16, 287–306
According to our analysis in the previous sections, direct legislation in Switzerland is basically
AND
. Both mechanisms are expected to lead to differences in economic policy decisions.
—-The permutation links to politics —- Non binding referendums shift the decision-making burden back onto the government and precludes political shielding.
Butler %26 Ranney 1994
David, American Enterprise Institute and Austin, prof. emeritus @ UC Berkeley, Referendums Around the World, "Theory," p. 260
6. Frequent recourse to referendums can contribute to a special political culture in which
AND
across established lines of political cleavage, in formal or informal umbrella organizations.
(B.) Links to direct democracy —- Rejecting representative government is an ethical obligation —- Every instance of direct democracy is key.
Robinson 2007
Nick, Yale Law School, J.D., Citizens Not Subjects: U.S. Foreign Relations Law and the Decentralization of Foreign Policy, Akron Law Review, 40 Akron L. Rev. 647
The argument in this article for local democratic participation is also, perhaps primarily,
AND
take into account governance’s transcendent depths and not just its readily chartable currents.
General Frontline —- 2nc Say Yes
—-Public says yes —- Voters support domestic energy production.
Skorobogatov 2012
Yana, intern with StateImpact Texas, Poll: Consumers Favor Domestic Energy Production, Natural Gas, http://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/2012/04/10/poll-consumers-favor-domestic-energy-production-natural-gas/
Americans will likely take their views on energy issues to the voting booth this November, according to a new national poll by The University of Texas at Austin. The survey found that 65 percent of respondents considered energy to be an important presidential issue. The results suggest that overall, consumers favor policies that would increase domestic energy production.
—-We still solve even if they say no —- National referendums allow minority interests to be articulated creating support for impossible political changes like the plan.
Frey 2003
Bruno S., Professor at the institute for empirical research in economics at the University of Zurich, Direct Democracy for transition countries, http://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/400_03.pdf
The question of which side gets a majority in a referendum is not the only
AND
which before the referendum were considered to be impossible to achieve by everyone.
A2 Highjacked By Elites —- 2nc Say Yes
—-Statistical data concludes against the propensity for elite cooption.
Matsusaka 2005
John G., Professor of Finance and Business Economics in the Marshall School of Business, Professor of Business and Law in the Law School, and President of the Initiative %26 Referendum Institute, all at the University of Southern California, Direct Democracy Works, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 19, Number 2, Spring pg. 185–206
Despite the concerns of special interest subversion, the evidence generally shows that direct democracy
AND
concerned, the initiative appears to have delivered policies desired by the majority.
A2 Highjacked By Media —- 2nc Say Yes
—-Empirically disproven —- Voters can break with media opinion.
Rourke et al. 1992
John, University of Connecticut, Richard Hiskes, and Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh, Direct Democracy and International Politics, p. 174
What about the impact of modern electronic media? It would be foolish to argue
AND
to determine the outcome of a referendum, especially in a close vote.
Nuclear Power —- 2nc Say Yes
—-The people will vote yes —- Nuclear power has three times as many strong supporters than opponents.
WNA 2012
World Nuclear Association, US Nuclear Power Policy, August, http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf41_US_nuclear_power_policy.html
Public opinion regarding nuclear power has generally been fairly positive, and has grown more
AND
and job creation; and 77% associate nuclear energy and clean air.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Manufacturing disad

1nc solvency

Demand increasing domestically now—-exporting gas is the lowest economic value and cuts the manufacturing sector short

Cicio 9/27/12 (Paul N., President, Industrial Consumers of America, Cicio graduated from Youngstown State University with a BS in Business Administration and Economics. "The 10% 10% in 2016 Gas Export Problem" http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/09/sizing-up-the-role-of-natural.php
The shale gas boom is the greatest opportunity for economic expansion that we will ever
AND
economic value is using it as a fuel and/or exporting it.

Exporting natural gas ends competitiveness, causes oil dependence and collapses the chemical industry 
Makey 9/28/12 (Rep. Ed Markey, D-Mass. Ranking Member, House Natural Resources Committee http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/09/sizing-up-the-role-of-natural.php~~%232246213)
The boom in American natural gas production is causing a seismic shift in the entire
AND
, and not used to simply further enrich big oil and gas companies.

Only high prices will kill current U.S. economic growth

Blitz 9/24/12 (George, Vice President of Energy and Climate Change, Dow Chemical Company "A New Competitive Advantage in Manufacturing" http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/09/sizing-up-the-role-of-natural.php-http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/09/sizing-up-the-role-of-natural.php)
Natural gas is already deeply woven into the American economy: it heats our homes
AND
approach that considers the impact on consumers, jobs and our energy security.

Strong economic competitiveness solves great power war

Khalilzad 11 (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992 "The Economy and National Security" http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?pg=3)
Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to
AND
the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression.

Resulting shifts in power risk extinction

Daguzan 10 (Citing Jean Francois, PhD and Senior Research Fellow at the Foundation for Strategic Research, "Economic crisis threatens existence of human beings" November 26, 2010, Right Vision News, pg online @ lexisnexis)
The financial and economic crisis being faced by the world is in fact a human
AND
big, but not enough to become the lone competitor of the west.

Uq—-manufacturing strong

Manufacturing high – will add 5 million jobs by 2020 – natural gas key

Reuters 9/21/12 ("U.S. Export Surge Could Add 5 Million Jobs By 2020: Report" http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/21/us-exports-jobs_n_1902803.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/21/us-exports-jobs_n_1902803.html) 

BOSTON, Sept 20 (Reuters) - Rising U.S. factory productivity
AND
highly energy-intensive and automated, requiring fewer workers, BCG said.

U.S. is now the most competitive manufacturer in the developed world

Wile 9/25/12 (Rob, staffwriter for the Business Insider, "The US Is Becoming The Most Competitive Exporter In The Developed World" http://www.businessinsider.com/bcg-rising-us-exports-2012-9-http://www.businessinsider.com/bcg-rising-us-exports-2012-9)
Manufactured exports are set to surge in the U.S. and the trend
AND
the developed world, and companies in Europe and Japan are taking notice."

Our evidence is future predictive and qualified

Manufacturing.com 9/26/12 ("Rising Exports, Reshoring Could Help Create Millions Of Jobs" http://www.manufacturing.net/articles/2012/09/rising-exports-reshoring-could-help-create-millions-of-jobs-http://www.manufacturing.net/articles/2012/09/rising-exports-reshoring-could-help-create-millions-of-jobs)
Although the reshoring trend—also referred to as "insourcing" and "onshoring
AND
countries. For more information, please visit www.bcg.com.

Link—-Exports hurt manufacturing—-2nc

Supply crunch—-demand will jump by 10% domestically by 2016, exports mean we don’t have enough supply to sustain that, causes a massive dropoff, that’s Cicio

Volatility——exports expose the us to the global market, that makes us vulnerable to disruptions such as revelations or Russian laziness, that’s Markey.  Here is more evidence 
Muro 11 (Mark Muro Policy Director, Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program "Export Natural Gas? Not So Fast" http://www.tnr.com/blog/the-avenue/98188/export-natural-gas-not-so-fast~~%23)
The astonishing boom in American shale gas production continues to change everything—perceptions of
AND
S. economy and move toward higher-value production and export activities. 

Prices—-pegging the US to the global market raises our prices, globally they are higher and our supply is not enough to influence that and exporting adds extra costs, that’s Markey. 

Goes up 11.6 per cent immediately

Muro 11 (Mark Muro, a senior fellow and director of policy for the Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings, manages the program’s public policy analysis and leads key policy research projects. "Export Natural Gas? Not So Fast" http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/the-avenue/posts/2011/12/06-energy-muro)
Along these lines, I would place the overall well-being of higher-
AND
more actively attend to the emergence of a higher-value production economy.

50 percent long term

Markey 9/26/12 (Ed, Ranking Member, House Natural Resources Committee "Exporting Natural Gas is Costly" http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/09/sizing-up-the-role-of-natural.php)
Exporting natural gas will do one thing: raise prices. In fact, that
AND
course, we could again see a huge price spike in natural gas.

Backstopping—-exports cause supply cut backs globally—-collapses the economy and independently turns the case

Korin 12 (Anne Korin is co-director of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, a think tank focused on energy and security, "Should the U.S. Export Natural Gas?" http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444226904577561300198957854.html)
The U.S. gas bonanza is giving Washington a key geostrategic opportunity to
AND
and chemical prices, it would overall be a drain on the economy.

at: industry will collapse

Not true—-demand increases mean there will be places for the gas to go

And, they can keep up current production and prices, their evidence is industry drama, well productivity and less bottlenecks prove

Seeking Alpha 9/3 ("Latest EIA Data Shows Resilient U.S. Natural Gas Production" http://seekingalpha.com/article/842541-latest-eia-data-shows-resilient-u-s-natural-gas-production)
On Friday, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) released natural gas production statistics
AND
is most relevant to stocks with natural gas focus and high financial leverage. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1nc topicality

A. Definitions

First, Energy production includes electricity production, production of fuels including nuclear, and heating and cooling by renewable resources.

NASA S%26T Info Project no date
(NASA Scientific and Technical Information Project, "Scope and Subject Category Guide," http://www.sti.nasa.gov/sscg/44.html

Definition
Energy Production – The production of electricity, combustible fuels, nuclear and thermonuclear fuels, and heating and cooling by renewable resources.

Second, For indicates purpose

Merriam Webster Online 
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for-http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for

used as a function word to indicate purpose a grant for studying medicine

B. Violation-There is a distinction between investment and production incentives-the plan must be an incentive directly tied to the production of electricity generation.

Doris, 12 – National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Elizabeth, "Policy Building Blocks: Helping Policymakers Determine Policy Staging for the Development of Distributed PV Markets," Paper to be presented at the 2012 World Renewable Energy Forum, 5/13-5/17, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/54801.pdf)

3.3 Market Expansion
This stage of policy development targets the development of projects and includes both incentives that
AND
the design and implementation of effective market incentives. Specific policy types include:
• Incentives. In the context of this framework, incentives are defined as direct
AND
is prepared for project development. There are three primary types of incentives:
• Investment incentives directly alter the first cost of technologies. These incentives can take
AND
direct capital investment, but instead prioritizes reduction in pay-back period.
• Production incentives provide payment for electricity produced from the distributed electricity. These are
AND
incentives have the potential to be invested in projects that do not materialize).
• Feed-in-Tariffs. This incentive type reduces investment risk by providing fixed payments for projects based on the levelized cost of renewable energy generation. This (among other design characteristics) distinguishes feed-in-tariffs from production-based incentives, which are based on monetizing the value of the electricity to the grid or the value to the electricity purchaser.
• Removing Siting Restrictions or Ensuring Broad Market Access. Siting restrictions can be stipulated
AND
date, market development has not been limited by these types of regulations.
• Streamlined Permitting. Permitting for solar facilities has traditionally been the jurisdiction of localities
AND
, so it is not currently considered a primary policy for developing markets.

C. Negative Interpretation is Superior

1-Limits-Our interpretation allows a fair number of cases that increase incentives directly tied to energy production. Their interpretation explodes the topic by allowing a large number of mechanisms that indirectly promote production.

2-Ground-Our interpretation locks in core links to core arguments like energy disadvantages and focuses the debate on the site of production. Their interpretation allows affirmatives the dodge the central question of the topic by only indirectly relating to the production of energy.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1nc critique

—-The quest for cost-efficient fusion power presupposes a frame of technological determinism that reduces nuclear power to a purely technical question devoid of specific political context. Only this explains the affirmative’s insistence that this time, government incentives will really work and all those other billions of dollars sunk into an overpriced and infeasible energy source.

Shelley 2012
Cameron, Nuclear Determinism, http://cstv.uwaterloo.ca/2012/03/nuclear-determinism.html
The main thrust of the report is that civilian nuclear power has never realized the
AND
disappointing, and regrettable in some cases, but it cannot be ignored.

—-The Affirmative’s story of nuclear salvation assumes a narrative of progressive technological determinism that befogs effective policymaking and precludes rational risk assessment.

Carper and Schmid 2011 (Ross Carper (rosscarper@gmail.com), a writer based in Washington state, is the founding editor of the creative nonfiction project BeyondtheBracelet.com. Sonja Schmid (sschmid@vt.edu) is an assistant professor in Science and Technology Studies at Virginia Tech. "The Little Reactor That Could?" http://www.issues.org/27.4/carper.html)
"It turns out that most of the … mishaps ~in nuclear plants~
AND
nuclear liability framework? Questions like these are not easy ones to answer."

—-Their euphoric embrace of fusion technology follows the historical narrative of energy wonderment that makes environmental collapse and nuclear war inevitable by obfuscating structural inequality.

Byrne %26 Toly 2006
John, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy (CEEP) and Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at the University of Delaware, Noah, research associate and Ph.D. candidate in the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy at the University of Delaware, Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse, Transforming Power: Energy, Environment and Society in Conflict, pg 1-3
With environmental crisis, social inequality, and military conflict among the significant problems of
AND
political, social, economic, and ecological record of the regime’s operations. 

—-The affirmative’s view of energy as interchangeable units collapses the political by obfuscating structures of consumption. Energy policy becomes a rigged game requiring the annihilation of the environment, poverty and exploitation of billions.

Hildyard Lohmann %26 Sexton 2012
Nicholas, founder and Director of The Corner House, Larry, author of the book "Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power" %26 works at the British NGO The Corner House, Sarah, a director of The Corner House, Energy Security For What? For Whom? The Corner House, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/energy-security-whom-what
In sum, encouraging a rational debate about "energy security" necessitates understanding what
AND
policymakers and social movements must ask when initiating any discussion of energy security.

—-The alternative is to reject the affirmatives technological determinism in favor of a situated analysis of individual reactors within their particular imbedded political context. Only then can we remove the policy blinders that make large scale accidents and proliferation threats inevitable.

Carper and Schmid 11 (Ross Carper (rosscarper@gmail.com), a writer based in Washington state, is the founding editor of the creative nonfiction project BeyondtheBracelet.com. Sonja Schmid (sschmid@vt.edu) is an assistant professor in Science and Technology Studies at Virginia Tech. "The Little Reactor That Could?" http://www.issues.org/27.4/carper.html)
Mixing metaphors During her dissertation research on the Soviet nuclear industry, Schmid spent a
AND
political, and organizational contexts in which these machines will ultimately be used.

—-The alternative is a critical act of re-politicization; shifting the focus from perfecting structures of oppression to debating the desirability of existing energy structures in the first place.

Swyngedouw 2009
Erik, School of Environment and Development, Manchester University, The Antinomies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a Democratic Politics of Environmental Production, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 601–620
Live Earth concerts, waving the banner of climate change and urging the world’s leaders
AND
presence of power relations and competing interests (Dikeç, 2005: 172).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
===1nc t ===

A. Export and production restrictions are distinct

Shih-associate professor of law, Department of International Trade at National Chengchi University, Taiwan-9
ARTICLE: Energy Security, GATT/WTO, and Regional Agreements" Natural Resources Journal Spring, 2009 Natural Resources Journal 49 Nat. Resources J. 433

Such an argument has been questioned by others. Broome cautions that a material distinction
AND
countries should not constitute quantitative restrictions that contravene Article XI:1. n97

B. Vote negative for

1-Limits-They explode the topic conflating extraction with distribution and transportation. Our interpretation allows for core cases like removing access restrictions on public lands and removing the offshore moratorium.

2-Ground-Our interpretation locks in core ground about the extraction of oil and gas. Their interpretation creates entirely new sets of advantages and link burdens that undermine topic specific clash

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
===1nc cp ===

Text: The Department of Energy should approve currently pending applications for LNG exports.  The United States should offer to exempt future LNG exports from section 3 of the Natural Gas Act of 1938 to nations for which the US has extended the status of Permanent Normal Trade Relations and that agree to trade negotiations with the United States, in particular offering Japan an exemption pending approval of TPP participation.

CP Solves LNG Exports —- avoids politics and allows for successful TPP negotiations

Levi 12 (Michael Levi- senior fellow for energy and the environment at Council on Foreign Relations, director of CFR Program on Energy Security and Climate Change. "A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports" Council on Foreign Relations, JUNE 2012
http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf-http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf
I thus propose that, to facilitate potential natural gas exports, the DOE should
AND
evolution; in principle, it might also reveal opportunities for focused cooperation.

Japanese inclusion into TPP talks boost US/Japan alliance 
Agence France Presse 9/30/11
HEADLINE: US encourages Japan to look at Pacific trade pact

The United States said Thursday it would welcome Japan’s participation in a future trans-
AND
chart a new course, not just strategically but economically," he said. 

Strong US Japan alliance solves multiple scenarios for global nuclear conflict

INSS, 2k (Institute for National Strategic Studies – National Defense University. The United States and Japan: Advancing Toward a Mature Partnership, October, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SR_01/SR_Japan.htm)
Major war in Europe is inconceivable AND to America’s global security strategy

Major war in Europe is inconceivable for at least a generation, but the prospects
AND
The U.S.-Japan alliance is central to America’s global security strategy

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Natural gas causes worse warming—-

a. Coal trade off 
Walsh 11 (Bryan, is a senior writer for TIME magazine, citing a study from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, "Natural Gas Can Save the Climate? Not Exactly" http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2011/09/09/natural-gas-can-save-the-climate-not-exactly/)
So the fact that technological advances had enabled the U.S. and many
AND
clean up these particles, it slows down efforts to reduce global warming. 

b. Climate diplomacy, they undercut credibility, also turns the first advantage 
The Hill 12 (Citing Michael Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment @CFR "Natural-gas boom could isolate US on climate change" http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/237601-natural-gas-boom-could-hurt-us-climate-change-efforts)
The domestic national-gas boom might thin the ranks of climate change advocates and
AND
becomes more difficult to put good climate policy in place," Levi said. 

Methane

Conca 12 (James, contributer to forbes, specializes in energy, a Senior Scientist with the RJLee Group, and Director of their Center for Laboratory Sciences in Pasco, WA, Ph.D. in Geochemistry, "Fugitive Methane Caught in the Act of Raising GHG" http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/07/15/fugitive-methane-caught-in-the-act-of-raising-ghg/)
It may turn out that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are higher from using
AND
this bridge may still get too hot before we reach the other side.

d. Exports increase emissions—-makes warming irreversible

Exports intensify warming and make it irreversible—-studies go neg 
Rom 12 (Joe, climate expert, is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, "Exporting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Is Bad For The Climate" http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/06/18/500954/exporting-liquefied-natural-gas-lng-is-bad-for-the-climate/)
The surge in U.S. production of shale gas is creating a surge
AND
Terra incognita — a planet of amplifying feedbacks and multiple simultaneous catastrophic impacts.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Text: The Department of Energy should approve currently pending applications for LNG exports.  The United States should offer to exempt future LNG exports from section 3 of the Natural Gas Act of 1938 to nations for which the US has extended the status of Permanent Normal Trade Relations and that agree to trade negotiations with the United States, in particular offering Japan an exemption pending approval of TPP participation.

CP Solves LNG Exports —- avoids politics and allows for successful TPP negotiations

Levi 12 (Michael Levi- senior fellow for energy and the environment at Council on Foreign Relations, director of CFR Program on Energy Security and Climate Change. "A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports" Council on Foreign Relations, JUNE 2012
http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf-http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf
I thus propose that, to facilitate potential natural gas exports, the DOE should
AND
evolution; in principle, it might also reveal opportunities for focused cooperation.

Japanese inclusion into TPP talks boost US/Japan alliance 
Agence France Presse 9/30/11
HEADLINE: US encourages Japan to look at Pacific trade pact

The United States said Thursday it would welcome Japan’s participation in a future trans-
AND
chart a new course, not just strategically but economically," he said. 

Strong US Japan alliance solves multiple scenarios for global nuclear conflict

INSS, 2k (Institute for National Strategic Studies – National Defense University. The United States and Japan: Advancing Toward a Mature Partnership, October, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SR_01/SR_Japan.htm)
Major war in Europe is inconceivable AND to America’s global security strategy

Major war in Europe is inconceivable for at least a generation, but the prospects
AND
The U.S.-Japan alliance is central to America’s global security strategy

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Europe exploiting domestic natural gas – means no Russia impact

Smith 5/5/12 (Shae, staffwriter, "Russian Exile: How Europe Will End the Kremlin’s Natural Gas Monopoly" http://www.moneymorning.com.au/20120505/russian-exile-how-europe-will-end-the-kremlins-natural-gas-monopoly.html)
For years, Europe has been at the mercy of Russian natural gas suppliers.
AND
to take advantage of the growing natural gas movement in Europe click here.

Russian influence is inevitable—-the more we try to resist the more likely is war

Charap and Petersen 10 (Samuel Charap is a Fellow in the National Security and International Policy Program at the Center for American Progress. Alexandros Petersen is Senior Fellow with the Patriciu Eurasia Center at the Atlantic Council.http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66542/samuel-charap-and-alexandros-petersen/reimagining-eurasia?page=show-http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66542/samuel-charap-and-alexandros-petersen/reimagining-eurasia?page=show)
Playing the game not only brought Washington to the brink of confrontation with Moscow but
AND
way for Washington to "win" is not to play the game.   

Cornering Russia causes nuclear war

Cohen 6 (Stephen F. Cohen  The Nation magazine  "The New American Cold War" July 10. http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Russia/New_Cold_War_Russia.html//Donnie)
Military encirclement, the Bush Administration’s striving for nuclear supremacy and today’s renewed US intrusions
AND
air missiles back in Belarus, in effect Russia’s western border with NATO.

The EU is useless—-no public backing or formal decision making bodies

Sked 3/14/12 Alan, professor of international history and a former convener of European studies at the London School of Economics, "Why would anyone want to join the EU?" http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/03/14/hey_serbia_be_careful_what_you_wish_for?page=0,1-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/03/14/hey_serbia_be_careful_what_you_wish_for?page=0,1
Superficially, the EU seems to have made great progress since the 1957 Treaty of
AND
that stronger economies will bail out weaker ones when they get into debt.) 

—-No Impact —- Security interests prevent single-issues from spilling over into other policy areas.

Brenner 2007
Michael PhD, teaches and researches American foreign policy, international relations theory, international political economy, national security at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate school of public and international relations.  March, "Toward a more independent Europe". Egmont Royal Institute for International Relations. http://www.irri-kiib.be/paperegm/ep12.pdf
The evidence adduced here runs counter to my main argument. A generalized disposition to
AND
these days. The perplexing thing is that today’s Europe remains so needy.

—-No Impact to loss of US/EU relations.

(a.) Political, military and economic weakness prevent the EU from impacting international politics.

Hulsman 2003
John C., Ph.D. and Research Fellow in European Affairs at Heritage, 6/11, Testimony in House International Relations Committee, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Europe/tst061103.cfm
This is even truer in the political realm. Contrary to any number of misleading
AND
, it is the result of European political, military and economic weakness.

(b.) EU will collapse by 2013.

Doyle 2011
Larry, When Will The European Union Collapse?, Business Insider, 5/5, http://www.businessinsider.com/when-will-the-european-union-collapse-2011-5
I would expect that the populist movement which elevated Soini and the True Finns in
AND
nations the EU will no longer exist as we know it by 2013. 

Tournament: Harvard  | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia DF  | Judge: Green 

1nc

—-Interpretation —- Debate is a space for mutually exclusive clash over the desirability of eliminating restrictions and increasing federal government incentives for energy production.

—-Violation —- The affirmative rejects federal government action, defends a strategy of community engagement, and does not increase federal government incentives or remove restrictions for energy production.

—-Voting Issue

(A.) Education —- Resolution based policy debate enables the ideological clash key to critical thinking, argument development %26 real world deliberation skills.

Mitchell 2010
Gordon R., Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, Switch-Side Debating Meets Demand-Driven Rhetoric of Science, Rhetoric %26 Public Affairs, http://www.pitt.edu/~~gordonm/JPubs/Mitchell2010.pdf
Such findings are consistent with the views of policy analysts advocating the argumentative turn in
AND
its foundations in the English ield’s tradition of literary criticism and textual analysis. 

—-Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems.

Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Tradition of Debate in North Carolina" in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311
The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating debate and
AND
with the existential challenges to democracy ~in an~ increasingly complex world. 

(B.) Predictable Ground —- Resolution focused debate is key to pre-round research, argument development and equitable access to the debate space. Solves their offense since they could have made these arguments during the topic meeting.

Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
Galloway (2007) also advances an argument concerning the privileging of the resolution as
AND
adaptive research once various topics have surfaced through practice or at debate tournaments.

—-Specific, limited resolutions ensure mutual ground which is key to sustainable argumentative clash without sacrificing the potential for creativity or openness.

Steinberg %26 Freeley 2008 
Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

—-Rejecting switch side debate makes exclusion covert without improving the quality of debates.

Day 1966 
Dennis, Assistant professor and director of forensics @ U. of Wisconsin, Madison, central states speech journal, "The Ethics of Democratic Debate" v17 p8
The ethic suggested here is similar to another ethical position which is widely accepted.  
AND
difficult to overcome because of the ego involvement that usually accompanies personal conviction.  

—-Policy debate strengthens student’s fundamental values; not hampers their development.

Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
Finally, shifting political identities is not a source of concern. The PEP researchers
AND
help students realize their own political identity through careful consideration of multiple viewpoints. 

—-The preservation of clash comes before the evaluation of the affirmative —- The impossibility of objective knowledge means the political clash informs the basis for representations, discourse, epistemology and ontology; not the other way around.

Swyngedouw 2009
Erik, School of Environment and Development, Manchester University, The Antinomies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a Democratic Politics of Environmental Production, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 601–620
Political struggles are central in shaping alternative or different trajectories of socio-metabolic change
AND
ing and its associated technologies (Lacoue-Labarthe and Nancy, 1997).

—-Unbridled affirmation makes research impossible and destroys dialogue.

Hanghoj 2008
Thorkild, researcher for the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
Debate games are often based on pre-designed scenarios that include descriptions of issues
AND
dialogue as an end in itself" (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

—-Procedural energy policy research is a prerequisite to the affirmative —- Reformist research is critical to inform broader challenges to fossil fuel production.

Lohmann 2012
Larry, FINANCIALIZATION, COMMODIFICATIONAND CARBON:THE CONTRADICTIONS OFNEOLIBERAL CLIMATE POLICY, SOCIALIST REGISTER, http://thecornerhouse.org.uk/sites/thecornerhouse.org.uk/files/Socialist%20Register%20Neoliberal%20Climate%20Policy%20Contradictions.pdf
Scapegoating ideology, however, is as double-edged as its cynical variety,
AND
climate policy can be, and are being, opened at many levels.

—-Abdication of government political strategies makes political change impossible.

Stevenson 2009 
Ruth, PhD, senior lecturer and independent consultant – Graduate School of the Environment @ Centre for Alternative Technology, "Discourse, power, and energy conflicts: understanding Welsh renewable energy planning policy," Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, Volume 27, pg. 512-526
It could be argued that this result arose from the lack of expertise of the
AND
must be an understanding of the power rationalities at work in the process.

—-Decision-making skills and engagement with the state energy apparatus prevents energy technocracy and actualizes radical politics.

Hager 1992
Carol J., professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, "Democratizing Technology: Citizen %26 State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990" Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70
During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted to overcome its defensive posture and implement
AND
a space for a delibera-tive politics in modern technological society.61

(C.) Resolution based argumentation is a prerequisite to the affirmative —- Fosters the critical thinking skills necessary to confront racial exclusion and American exceptionalism.

Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
The background of many conversations relating to secondary education concerns the appropriateness of teaching politics
AND
, Beaumont, Ehrlich, and Corngold, 2007, p. 115).

—-Switch sides debate promotes a self reflexive engagement with the topic that’s critical to progressive change %26 solves their offense —- Empirically serves as a bulwark against totalitarianism and exports advocates to challenge American exceptionalism.

English et al 2007
Eric English, Stephen Llano, Gordon R. Mitchell, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief  and Carly Woods, Communications—University of Pittsburg "Debate as a Weapon of Mass Destruction," Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, June, http://www.pitt.edu/~~gordonm/JPubs/EnglishDAWG.pdf
It is our position, however, that rather than acting as a cultural technology
AND
heirs to brand the  activity as a ’’weapon of mass destruction.’’ 

—-Working within technocratic structure to reform the production process is the only way to hold corporate energy interests accountable for their crimes and democratize American energy policy.

Rahman 2011
K. Sabeel, A.B., Harvard College, 2005; M.Sc., Economics for Development, Oxford University, 2006; M.St., Sociolegal Studies, Oxford University, 2007; J.D. Candidate, Harvard Law School, Class of 2012; Ph.D. Candidate, Government, Harvard University, ENVISIONING THE REGULATORY STATE: TECHNOCRACY, DEMOCRACY, AND INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIMENTATION IN THE 2010 FINANCIAL REFORM AND OIL SPILL STATUTES, http://www.harvardjol.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Rahman_Note.pdf
These weaknesses of the technocratic model create a fundamental challenge for the modern regulatory state
AND
one that leaves ample room for the representation and engagement of different values.

Delgado

Working with the government is the only way to solve racism—-any alternative makes their imapacts worse

Delgado-prof law UC Davis-87
22 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 301 (1987)
Ethereal Scholar: Does Critical Legal Studies Have What Minorities Want, The;
http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/hcrcl22%26div=20%26g_sent=1%26collection=journals
The CLS critique of legal rules and reasoning is well known. Rules, since
AND
such reflection is accompanied by formal barriers against racism, it is meaningless.

*2nc Overview*

—-The roll of the ballot is to assess the desirability of change to government energy production policy. A topical affirmative must defend an example of the resolution and can only win if they prove government change is superior to the status quo or alternative policy option.

—-If the affirmative fails to meet this burden you vote neg on presumption.

(A.) Dialogical division of ground is key to fair access to the debate space and a prerequisite to all educational benefits to debate.

Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
As referenced above, the resolution provides a basis for research and discussion. Using
AND
better defense of one’s own thought since ideas need defending against opposing argumentation.

(B.) Fairness means you categorically disregard affirmative offense —- Absent equitable access to the debate space for all competitors; evaluations of affirmative truth claims are impossible. By shifting the point of argumentative clash away from the resolution the affirmative precludes pre-round research, argument development and in-depth debate.

(C.) Framework comes first —- The impossibility of objective knowledge means the political informs the basis for representations, discourse, epistemology and ontology; not the other way around, that’s SheeegaDOO

Topical Version of the Aff —- 2nc Framework

—-Multiple topical versions of the affirmative solve their offense and prove the potential for activist engagement with government policies that don’t rely on the annihilation of blackness.

—-Green Jobs, Not Jails.

Reclaim the Future 2010
Activity ~%233 Green Jobs, Not Jails%21, http://ellabakercenter.org/sites/default/files/downloads/RTF_Activity3.pdf
Creating a just, restorative green economy that includes urban areas has the potential to
AND
to being the world leader in a  humane and sustainable "green economy."

—-Brownfields.

Foreman 1997
Christopher H. Jr., Nonresident Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institute, Environmentalism or Ideology? Inner City Activists Talk Pollution, Push Social Agenda, Brookings Institute, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/1997/09/01metropolitanpolicy-foreman
Nevertheless, there are signs that EJ activists and the political establishment might be able to cooperate on a social justice agenda that avoids distorting public health priorities in minority communities. The administration’s "brownfields" urban revitalization initiative is the vehicle. By reducing disincentive barriers to local development unwittingly erected by Superfund’s liability scheme, the Clinton EPA hopes to spur jobs, training, and life chances among communities of all colors throughout the country.

—-Have the federal government eliminate community disclosure requirements for nuclear power plants.

—-Financial assistance to black energy companies as reparations.

—-Locally controlled energy production alternatives.

—-Eliminate Neighborhood restrictions on solar and other energy production.

A2 Policing Turn —- 2nc Framework

—-No link and turn —- Absent clash and the refusal of the burden of rejoinder only flips external exclusion—-the way to resolve policing is to broaden the scope of what counts as a persuasive argument within a given topic—-for example, our model of debate would welcome the use of narrative and personal experience on behalf of a topical argument—-this middle ground most effectively resolves their exclusion arguments.

Biesta et al 2009
Gert, professor of Education and Director of Research at the School of Education, University of Stirling, Susan Verducci , Assistant Professor at the Humanities Department at San José State University, and Michael S. Katz, professor of philosophy and education at San Jose State, Education, Democracy and the Moral Life, 2009, p. 105-107
This example not only shows why the issue of inclusion is so prominent in the
AND
is to be done remains central" (ibid., p.168).

—-No impact to their policing arguments —- Condemnation is inevitable, debate’s ability to allow debaters to contest the conditions of their exclusion means it’s distinct from engagements with the police.

—-no way we are analogous to the police, not telling you to leave, saying defending the USFG would be a better method to achieve required advocacy skills to get rid of the plants

2nc duffy

—-Duffy is wrong.

Koehle 2010
Joe, Phd candidate in communications at Kansas, former West Georgia debater, http://mccfblog.org/actr/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Koehle_Paper_ACTR-editedPDF.pdf.
Much like criticism of the sophists has persisted throughout time; criticism of switch side
AND
capable of making sound decisions (Mitchell, "Pedagogical Possibilities", 41).  

Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
The background of many conversations relating to secondary education concerns the appropriateness of teaching politics
AND
, Beaumont, Ehrlich, and Corngold, 2007, p. 115).

—-Switch sides debate promotes a self reflexive engagement with the topic that’s critical to progressive change %26 solves their offense —- Empirically serves as a bulwark against totalitarianism and exports advocates to challenge American exceptionalism.

English et al 2007
Eric English, Stephen Llano, Gordon R. Mitchell, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief  and Carly Woods, Communications—University of Pittsburg "Debate as a Weapon of Mass Destruction," Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, June, http://www.pitt.edu/~~gordonm/JPubs/EnglishDAWG.pdf
It is our position, however, that rather than acting as a cultural technology
AND
heirs to brand the  activity as a ’’weapon of mass destruction.’’ 

—-

—-Activist strategies focused on technical policy solutions to environmental racism are empirically successful —- Four empirical examples.

(A.) Citizens Against Toxic Exposure.

Bullard - Their Author - 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/%24file/bullard.pdf
The Escambia Wood Treating site was dubbed "Mount Dioxin" because of the 60
AND
EPA’s Superfund Program and was hailed as a landmark victory for environmental justice.

(B.) Citizens Against Nuclear Trash.

Bullard - Their Author - 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/%24file/bullard.pdf
In 1989, Louisiana Energy Services (LES), a British, German and American
AND
going back into timber production, as it was before LES bought it.

(C.) Convent Environmental Justice Coalition.

Bullard - Their Author - 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/%24file/bullard.pdf
In 1996 battle lines were drawn in Louisiana in another national environmental racism test case
AND
was the relentless pressure and laser-like focus of the Convent community.

(D.) Camden Waterfront Coalition.

Bullard - Their Author - 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/%24file/bullard.pdf
In April 2000, a handful of residents from Camden, New Jersey, won
AND
health problems due to pollution and odour-releasing facilities (Schurr 2001). 

—- Their critiques of debate miss the point —- Defending a topic that involves the state for the sake of deliberation is distinct from accepting it, and limiting out some arguments for the sake of that deliberation is a more productive discourse that solves the aff better.

Talisse 2005 
Robert, philosophy professor at Vanderbilt, Philosophy %26 Social Criticism, 31.4, "Deliberativist responses to activist challenges" *note: gendered language in this article refers to arguments made by two specific individuals in an article by Iris Young
These two serious activist challenges may be summarized as follows. First, the activist
AND
are distorting in important ways and that further discourse cannot remedy these distortions.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

China DA 1NC

China assuming leadership role in clean energy-exploiting weak US incentives policy 
Bloomberg Business Week  4/11/12
http://www.businessweek.com/printer/articles/42246?type=bloomberg

U.S. government policies are creating a "boom-and-bust
AND
U.K. with %249.4 billion, Pew said.

FIT crowds out china leadership

Gipe 10 (Paul Gipe, Contributor "NREL: Feed-in Tariffs Legal in US When Certain Conditions Met" http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2010/02/nrel-feed-in-tariffs-legal-in-us-when-certain-conditions-met)
Other Exemptions Hempling notes that Hawaii, Alaska, and most of Texas are exempt
AND
, India, Germany, and Japan that look at renewable energy differently.

Chinese lead in renewable energy markets key to economic growth strategy 
CNET News 12/1/10  LaMonica
Ernst %26 Young: China clear leader in renewable energy
http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-20024232-54.html-http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-20024232-54.html

Driven by a surge in wind power installations, China is building on its lead
AND
Korea, Romania, Egypt, and Mexico for their energy technology programs.

Nuclear war with Russia

Sharavin 2001
Alexander Sharavin, Director of the Institute of Military and Political Analysis, WHAT THE PAPERS SAY, October 3, 2001, pg. online
China’s economy is among the fastest-growing economies in the world. It remains
AND
both, and even against the first frost of a possible nuclear winter. 

2nc impact calc

Chinese economic decline makes nuclear conflict with Russia inevitable—-they become internally unstable and lashout—-that’s Sharavin

It also spurs external aggression and leads to east Asian war—-goes global

Plate 03 
~Tom, Professor at UCLA, The Straights Times, "Neo-cons a bigger risk to Bush than Chin," 6-28-2003~
But imagine a China disintegrating- on its own, without neo-conservative or
AND
economic growth – the very direction the White House now seems to prefer. 

Outweighs—-higher probability

Tellis 4—Senior Associate at Carnegie. PhD from U Chicago. Served in the U.S. Department of State as Senior Advisor to the Ambassador at the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, and briefly on the National Security Council staff as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Strategic Planning and Southwest Asia (Ashley, Assessing America’s War on Terror: Confronting Insurgency, Cementing Primacy, December 2004, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/NBRAnalysis-Tellis_December2004.pdf-http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/NBRAnalysis-Tellis_December2004.pdf)
One analyst, Gaurav Kampani, summarized the problem arrestingly: Three out of the world’s four remaining states suspected of possessing chemical weapons are in Asia, and all of the states with biological weapons programs are Asian as well. Similarly, five of the current eight nuclear weapon powers are located on the continent, which is also home to the two other countries widely suspected of pursuing nuclear weapons programs—North Korea and Iran. The intersection of mass destruction capabilities and the rise of religious extremism, political disaffection, economic disarray, and deep interstate and intrastate conflicts make Asia the most disaster- prone region in the world.89

Even if they don’t collapse—loss of legitimacy causes lashout

Lewis 10 (Dan, Research Director of Economic Research Council, "The nightmare of a Chinese economic collapse" World Finance, http://www.worldfinance.com/news/home/finalbell/article117.html)
It has been calculated that to keep China’s society stable – ie to manage the
AND
by going to war with Taiwan – whom America is pledged to defend.

Lashout would mean nuclear chemical and bio war—causes extinction. 
Renxing 5 (San Renxing staff writer for epoch times, "The CCP’s Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War" http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30975.html-http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30975.html Donnie)
Since the Party’s life is "above all else," it would not be surprising
AND
now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.

And, that comparatively outweighs your impacts
OCHS 2 — Richard, member of the Baltimore Emergency Response Network and founding chairman of the Students for a Democratic Society in 1964 at the University of Maryland in College Park, BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS MUST BE ABOLISHED IMMEDIATELY, 6/9, http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html
Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons, many
AND
Ages would be small in comparison to the potential damage bioweapons could cause.

Strong Chinese renewable energy sector key to solving domestic energy crisis including shortages, coal reliance, and grid instability.

Hart-Center for American Progress-9/7/11
China Goes Solar as America Stumbles
http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2011/09/07/10242/china-goes-solar-as-america-stumbles/-http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2011/09/07/10242/china-goes-solar-as-america-stumbles/

Expanding the renewable energy sector will move China in the right direction on their three
AND
green collar" jobs to boost more workers up into the middle class.

Schneider 11 (Keith, senior editor for Circle of Blue-a nonprofit focusing on resource shortages founded in 2000, Choke Point: China—Confronting Water Scarcity and Energy Demand in the World’s Largest Country, Feb 15, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/choke-point-china%E2%80%94confronting-water-scarcity-and-energy-demand-in-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-country/)
By any measure, conventional and otherwise, China’s tireless advance to international economic prominence
AND
rising incomes and improving opportunities, is at risk, say some authorities.

And, Chinese pollution causes nuclear war with Russia

Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China’s Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195%26no_cache=1)

In addition to the concerns already mentioned, pollution, if linked to a specific
AND
in full-scale war between two powerful, nuclear-equipped nations. 

2NC-Turns Case-Global Renewable Transition

Chinese market domination reducing cost-key to global transition 
Financial Times 11/28/11
China’s rush into renewables: The way the world turns
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0502a28a-15c9-11e1-a691-00144feabdc0.html~~%23axzz26682tjcd-http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0502a28a-15c9-11e1-a691-00144feabdc0.html

Whatever its elements, the approach brought about a sea change not just in China
AND
, a German turbine maker. "China was a game-changer."

Chinese leadership on renewable energy key to global scaling 
Runyon-editor renewable energy.com-11/16/07
Worldwatch Report Looks at The Role of Renewables in China’s Future
Source: http://www.renewableenergyaccess.com/rea/news/story?id=50585-http://www.renewableenergyaccess.com/rea/news/story?id=50585  

Worldwatch Institute President, Christopher Flavin, drives home the impact China may have on
AND
ground to the Chinese we too must move aggressively to seize the moment."

Turn-Compulsory licensing 

A. China pushes compulsory licensing for clean technology-the US is against
Financial Times 11/23/09
China, India push for ’patent free’ green tech
http://www.euractiv.com/innovation-enterprise/china-india-push-patent-free-gre-news-223054-http://www.euractiv.com/innovation-enterprise/china-india-push-patent-free-gre-news-223054

As world leaders prepare for climate talks in Copenhagen next month, developing nations have
AND
by China, wants to apply the same logic to the climate crisis. 

B. Turns the case-key to global dissemination of clean technology 
Caprotti-assistant professor in human geography at University College-7/30/09
http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/intellectual_property_who_owns_green_tech/-http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/intellectual_property_who_owns_green_tech/
CATALYST / BY VERONIQUE GREENWOOD /FIVE EXPERTS DISCUSS HOW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CAN BE ADAPTED TO SPREAD GREEN TECH, WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM PASTEUR, AND HOW TO INSPIRE 

The rationale behind patenting technology is clear: Patents and IP rights protect a corporation
AND
, while allowing for the protection of innovators and investors in advanced economies.

C. Key internal link for warming 
Collier-visiting scholar at the Center for Environmental Public Policy-9
http://gspp.berkeley.edu/IPR/whoowns.pdf-http://gspp.berkeley.edu/IPR/whoowns.pdf
Who Owns the Clean Tech Revolution? Intellectual Property Rights and
International Cooperation in the  U.N. Climate Negotiations

The outcome of the IPR dispute will determine the future of the global clean tech revolution. Without the rapid diffusion and adoption of emissions-reducing, energy saving technologies across the planet, especially in poorer nations, there will be little hope of halting or significantly slowing the advance of climate change. 

2NC Turns Climate-China Key

China key to global emissions reductions-comparatively more important than the plan
Ekstrom-Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change MIT-5/24/12
Report: China’s actions are crucial on climate change
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/china-focus-addressing-climate-change.html

As climate negotiators wrap-up talks in Bonn, Germany, this week,
AND
also be more expensive because substantial costs would shift to only some countries. 

—-Technology already exist to solve warming-deployment key 
Romm-Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress-9/26/11
World’s Engineers: "The Technology Needed to Cut the World’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 85% by 2050 Already Exists"
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2011/09/26/329233/world%E2%80%99s-engineers-technology-cut-greenhouse-gas-emissions-exists/-http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2011/09/26/329233/world%E2%80%99s-engineers-technology-cut-greenhouse-gas-emissions-exists/
The technology needed to cut the world’s greenhouse gas emissions by 85% by 2050
AND
in 2020 and an intensive effort to train workers for green technology jobs. 

2nc blackouts

Low costs key to distributed energy

Farrell 11 (John Farrell directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance and he focuses on energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. "The Economics of Distributed Generation"  http://www.ilsr.org/economics-distributed-generation/)
The falling cost of distributed renewable generation has been one of the key drivers of
AND
by other economic benefits.  These issues are discussed later in this report.

Collapse of economic interdependence between US and China makes miscalculation inevitable, causing cyber-terrorism and proxy wars in East Asia.

Bremmer and Gordon 10-12-12 (Ian Bremmer is president of Eurasia Group and author of ’’Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World,’’ David Gordon is head of research at Eurasia Group and former director of policy planning at the State Department, "Where Commerce and Politics Collide,"  http://www.chinausfocus.com/uncategorized/where-commerce-and-politics-collide/)
Whatever happened to the reassuring view that expanding trade ties make for a safer and
AND
overcome the incentives for conflict avoidance that mutually assured economic destruction has created.

Chinese leadership leads to US economic growth through reinvestment and empowers renewable development in the US

Fisher 11 (Noah S. Fisher M.A., Brown University, 2011 Thesis "Redefining the Race: How the United States can capitalize on China winning the global clean energy competition" http://envstudies.brown.edu/theses/archive20102011/noahfisherthesis.pdf)
Countries abiding by the principles of comparative advantage not only result in cheaper goods,
AND
jobs in the United States, while concurrently increasing domestic renewable energy consumption.

2nc link

Absence of a FiT is allowing China to lock the US out of the market—-only the plan can reverse it

Nelder 11 (Chris, "Why America needs a feed-in tariff" http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/energy-futurist/why-america-needs-a-feed-in-tariff/174)
The absence of a FiT has spawned a renewables industry in the U.S
AND
of delivering power, and were the most cost-effective incentive strategy.

(1) Foreign Investment-China exploiting lack of US incentives to lure foreign investment-key to locking in "first mover" advantage.

Atkinson et al-Breakthrough Institute-9 RISING T IGERS SLEEPING GIANT  
http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Rising_Tigers.pdf-http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Rising_Tigers.pdf

As Asia’s clean tech tigers solidify their lead, they will capture economies of scale
AND
, Japan and South Korea fully establish and cement their emerging competitive advantages.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1nc

—- Embracing the cyborg detaches our analysis from the material reality of phallocentrism and ensures the new cybernetic identities will just be assimilated into the larger structure of patriarchy.

Cook 2004
Peta S., Centre for Social Change Research, Queensland University of Technology, The Modernistic Posthuman Prophecy of Donna Haraway, Paper presented to the Social Change in the 21st Century Conference, http://eprints.qut.edu.au/646/1/cook_peta.pdf
Similarly to Firestone’s utopian social vision of a techno-based post-gender reality
AND
connection of Haraway’s cyborg to the transhumanist and posthuman prophecies of the Extropians.

—-The affirmative is uniquely bad —- Embracing cybernetic subjectivity within a framework of phallocentrism makes sexual violence and nuclear extinction inevitable.

ALAIMO, 1994
Stacy, Cyborg and Ecofeminist Interventions: Challenges for an Environmental Feminism, Feminist Studies, Vol. 20
More specifically, Haraway argues that the cyborg, precisely by blurring human-machine
AND
is crucial that feminism maintain an oppositional voice against the military industrial complex.

The impact is physical %26 mental annihilation of difference.
Irigaray 1994
Luce, Thinking the difference: for a peaceful revolution, pg 4-7
What does it mean for our entire culture to be threatened with destruction? There
AND
religious ones, destroying life seems to be as compulsory as giving life.

Our Alternative is to embrace feminist separatism —- Voting negative affirms the cyborg apart from the affirmatives phallocentric technology and solves the affirmative without requiring phallocentric view of the subject.
Weedon 1999
Chris, the Chair of the Centre for Critical and Cultural Theory at Cardiff University, Feminism, theory, and the politics of difference, p. 90-93
In the order of reason which has governed Western thought since the rise of Ancient
AND
nor their language can exist. (1994: 106; original 1989).

1nr link

The narrative of the ’cyborg’ is a profoundly gendered definition of identity
Paasonen 2 (Susanna Paasonen is Professor of Media Studies at University of Turku, Finland "Thinking Through the Cybernetic Body: Popular Cybernetics and Feminism" http://www.rhizomes.net/issue4/paasonen.html)
~29~ Although Ben-Tov’s reading can be criticized for being too literal
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but certainly in excess to our volition" (Sobchack 1999, 48).

—-The affirmative’s fragmented performance is an act of de-politicization that actively supports oppression; giving hierarchical structures a fab makeover while silencing material challenges to homophobia, sexism and racism.

Weedon 1999
Chris, (she’s) the Chair of the Centre for Critical and Cultural Theory at Cardiff University, Feminism, theory, and the politics of difference, p.123-124
Butler’s focus on gender as performance and citation has, however, provoked strong criticism
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invented label, will feel the same). (Hawthorne 1996: 496)

Their offense only applies to biological essentialism, the plan solves with restructuring our symbolic order
Tilghman 9 (Carolyn M. Tilghman University of Texas, Tyler "The Flesh Made Word: Luce Irigaray’s Rendering of the Sensible Transcendental" http://www.janushead.org/11-1/Tilghman.pdf-http://www.janushead.org/11-1/Tilghman.pdf,
Although she is frequently criticized for her return to biology, my po¬sition is that
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rather than offering just another utopian philosophical conceit by an ivory tower intellectual.

Our essentialism is strategic, we use these definitions for critical ends and ironically for liberation and a multiplicity of differences
Lehtinen 10 (Virpi, this is from her dissertation, so she is very smart, "Luce Irigaray’s Philosophy of Feminine Being: Body, Desire and Wisdom" https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/61595/luceirig.pdf?sequence=2-https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/61595/luceirig.pdf?sequence=2,
The interpretation of strategic essentialism, introduced and developed by Grosz, understands Irigaray’s idea
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conceptualize differences between women and open a space for a multiplicity of differences. 

not even essentialist
Casey 97 (Damien Casey Australian Catholic University, Brisbane "Maximus and Irigaray: Metaphysics and Difference" http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/staffhome/dacasey/Maximus%26Irigaray.pdf-http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/staffhome/dacasey/Maximus%26Irigaray.pdf,
Irigaray is not an essentialist. For Irigaray, transcendence is only possible if we
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mediation, both within the subject and with the other in social relations. 

perm

Sexual difference is a prior question
Casey 97 (Damien Casey Australian Catholic University, Brisbane "Maximus and Irigaray: Metaphysics and Difference" http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/staffhome/dacasey/Maximus%26Irigaray.pdf-http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/staffhome/dacasey/Maximus%26Irigaray.pdf,
For Irigaray, however, the meaning and significance of sexual difference is not something
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the spiritualisation of matter, to deny that the flesh might become word.