Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Inherency

Contention 1- the Status Quo

The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS. These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.

Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)

While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is

AND

companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Protectionism

Contention 2- Protectionism:

Global trade is on the brink of collapse- rising US protectionism risks global escalation.

Lincicome 12 (Scott, trade attorney, “Is Missing American Trade Leadership Beginning to Bear Protectionist Fruit? (Hint: Kinda Looks Like It),” June 12, http://lincicome.blogspot.com/2012/06/is-missing-american-trade-leadership.html)

Over the past few years, I and several other US trade-watchers have

AND

its long-held place at the front of the trade liberalization pack.

And, restrictions on oil and gas investments explode the scope of CFIUS reviews. This expansion of the CFIUS process is a protectionist tool to keep out investment.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09 (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)

II. Post 9/11 Application of Exon-Florio After 9/11

AND

that Reagan threatened to veto in order to strip the economic security provisions.

And, these investment restrictions undermine US trade leadership and triggers retaliation. The impact is global wars.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09 (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)

C. Economic Retaliation as a Result of CFIUS Protectionism Continued use of Exon-

AND

own interests to take any action that may destabilize the American economy. 182

And, protectionism collapses the global economy, sparks great power conflict, and exacerbates all global problems.

Patrick, Senior Fellow-CFR, 09 (Stewart, senior fellow and director of the Program on International Institutions and Global Governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Protecting Free Trade,” National Interest, March 13, 2009, http://nationalinterest.org/article/protecting-free-trade-3060?page=show)

President Obama has committed to working with U.S. trade partners to avoid

AND

daily economic intelligence briefing, distilling the security implications of the global crisis.

And, none of their trade offense applies- protectionism is unquestionably bad- best studies.

Bhagwati, CFR Senior Fellow, 10 (Jagdish, University Professor of Law and Economics at Columbia University and Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, renowned expert on international trade, he has served as the Special Adviser to the UN on globalization, “How to demolish protectionist myths,” July 5, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jul/05/free-trade-protectionist-myths)

Evidently, the pessimism and despair that often overwhelms free traders today is unwarranted.

AND

include services. To which the free trader responds: no problem there!

And, clarifying the definition of national security solves tit-for-tat protectionism

Rosen and Hanemann 09 (Daniel, and Thilo, China’s Changing Outbound Foreign Direct Investment Profile: Drivers and Policy Implications, June, http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb09-14.pdf)

Limiting national security concerns in an era of high-value mergers and acquisitions:

AND

both by maximizing its asset values and preventing tit-fortat treatment abroad.

And, Unilateral FDI liberalization is key to prevent trade policy backsliding which dooms global economic recovery.

Erixon and Sally, directors-ECIPE, 10 (Fredrik and Razeen, European Centre for International Political Economy, TRADE, GLOBALISATION AND EMERGING PROTECTIONISM SINCE THE CRISIS, http://www.ecipe.org/media/publication_pdfs/trade-globalisation-and-emerging-protectionism-since-the-crisis.pdf) [italics are from original source]

We think Mr. Bentham’s world-view will cause damage, not only to

AND

of a piece with open markets, economic globalisation and international political stability.

And, Doha’s collapse doesn’t matter- it just makes the risk of protectionism worse.

Bhagwati 6-24 (Jagdish, “Doha’s Retreat,” 2012, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/bhagwati/2012/07/24/dohas-retreat/)

But I cannot conclude without commenting on the different but related issue of Protectionism which

AND

from indifference or complacency, it bodes ill for the world trading system.

Economy

Contention 3- the Economy:

Chinese FDI in the US is on the brink. Politicization of the CFIUS process threatens this investment.

Rosen and Hanemann 11 (Daniel, principal at RHG and Adjunct Professor at Columbia, and Thilo, Research Director- the Rhodium Group, Chinese FDI in the United States is taking off: How to maximize its benefits?, http://www.vcc.columbia.edu/content/chinese-fdi-united-states-taking-how-maximize-its-benefits)

China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) grew rapidly in the past decade,

AND

a test case for how the United States deals with these new realities.

And, the lack of a list of allowed industries results in investment chilling across the board- it undermines faith in the entire CFIUS process.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June, http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)

As a result of the different regulatory environment for Foreign Direct Investment and different considerations

AND

investment which creates new jobs or safeguards employment in Germany is highly welcomed.

And, energy restrictions chills ALL foreign investment, destroying investor confidence, which crushes the dollar and triggers economic recession.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09 (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)

B. National Security and Investor Uncertainty The uncertain interpretation of national security in Exon

AND

investment is more vital than ever to provide liquidity to American markets. 164

We’re on the brink of a double dip recession- boosting investor confidence is key.

Rickards, 12 (James, economist and investment banker with 35 years of experience working in capital markets on Wall Street and the author of NYT Bestselling book Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, “Why We Should Still Be Worried about a Double-Dip Recession,” February 27, 2012, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/02/27/why-we-should-still-be-worried-about-a-double-dip-recession)

The late summer and fall of 2011 was filled with fears of a double-

AND

certainty returns and, on current form, that may be years away.

And, economic decline causes great power war.

Royal 2010

Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict

AND

not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

And, diversionary war theory is true- best models prove.

Pickering and Kisangani 2009 – department of political science at Kansas State, citing the International Military Intervention dataset (Jeffrey and Emizet, British Journal of Political Science, 39:483-515, “The dividends of diversion”, ProQuest)

CONCLUSIONS In his seminal review of diversionary research, Jack Levy contends that most diversionary

AND

the democracy ages, and democratic norms and institutions become more deeply entrenched.

And, independently, decline of the dollar collapses hegemony.

Paul, executive director-Global Policy Forum, 03 (James A, Fall of the Dollar, Global Policy Forum, August, http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/21885/1/Fall%20of%20the%20Dollar.pdf?1)

Implications of the Dollar’s Decline As the dollar has continued to fall, US authorities

AND

in the very same direction for the global order based on US dominance.

And, American hegemony prevents multiple scenarios for nuclear war.

Kagan 07 (Robert, Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Senior Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund, “End of Dreams, Return of History,” Policy Review n 144, July 17, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6136)

The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be nations

AND

a retraction of American influence and global involvement will provide an easier path.

No turns- US dominance is critical to international peace and economic growth- any shift to a multipolar world will produce conflict.

Kagan 12 (Robert, Brooking’s Senior Fellow of Foreign Policy, Center on the United States and Europe, “Why the World Needs America,” Feb 11, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2012/02/11-us-power-kagan)

History shows that world orders, including our own, are transient. They rise

AND

what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.

And, foreign investment is critical to economic growth- FDI boosts jobs, RandD, innovation, and multiple industrial sectors.

Stagg 2007 Jonathan, JD candidate University of Iowa, NOTE: Scrutinizing Foreign Investment: How Much Congressional Involvement Is Too Much? November, 2007 93 Iowa L. Rev. 325

CFIUS, the group the President has designated to investigate foreign-investment transactions,

AND

half of 2006, a 169% increase over the previous year. 43

And, the plan is a quick injection of capital which is critical to economic recovery.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, China and Economy consultant for Bertelsmann Stiftung, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,

http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20in%20Hand%20Second%20Edition%20final.pdf)

Although Chinese FDI has drawn increasing attention in the U.S. and Germany

AND

in bringing those countries that are facing a credit crunch back to growth.

Relations

Contention 4- US-China relations:

Conflict over US foreign investment restrictions risks shattering the US-China relationship. Only the plan sends a strong signal of cooperation towards China.

Xu 11 (Ting, senior project manager-Bertelsmann Foundation, The Next Big Threat to US-China Ties, July 13, http://thediplomat.com/2011/07/13/the-next-big-threat-to-us-china-ties/)

The United States and China have long lobbed verbal grenades across the Pacific, each

AND

a win-win situation that would also boost Sino-American collaboration.

And, CFIUS restrictions on Chinese energy investment undermines the economic interdependence that assures peace between US and China.

Dorn, CATO China specialist, 07 (James, “The Rise of China Engagement or Protectionism? US Policy towards China,” GLOBAL DIALOGUE Volume 9 ● Number 1–2 ● Winter/Spring 2007, http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=395)

Treasury Secretary Paulson is correct to urge institutional change in China rather than narrowly focus

AND

. If they couldn’t sell in America, they would fall apart.”11

And, absent the plan, a nationalist backlash is inevitable and escalates to war.

Dorn 05 (James A, China specialist and VP for academic affairs at Cato, U.S.-China Relations in the Wake of CNOOC, CATO Policy Analysis, Nov 2, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa553.pdf)

The message that Congress should send China is the message Liu Junning, an independent

AND

will depend on sound free-market policies, not on destructive protectionism.

Collapse of relations risks nuclear war.

Wittner 11 (Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace and Change, a journal of peace research, “COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?,” November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html)

While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.

AND

that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.

And, the plan strengthens the overall relationship.

Marchick, Managing Director, Carlyle Group, 12 (David, Fostering Greater Chinese Investment in the United States, Policy Innovation Memorandum No. 13, February, http://www.cfr.org/china/fostering-greater-chinese-investment-united-states/p27310)

China recently became the world's second-largest economy and has emerged as the world's

AND

the United States have either been approved or have not required any approval.

And, recent official statements prove these investment restrictions are a critical issue in the relationship.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June, http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)

Many U.S. experts recognize the potentially enormous future benefit from growing Chinese

AND

welcome Chinese investment and in particular, to treat the SOEs equally. 4

Plan

Thus the plan:

The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews.

Solvency

Contention 5-Solvency:

Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude “energy assets” insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167

COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The

AND

by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.

And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.

Ellis-Vinson and Elkins LLP-6/1/07

US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?

http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html

Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,

AND

energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007.

And, the US should clarify that energy production does not undermine national security-- explicitly exempting specific industries from CFIUS review is key.

Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)

What does this all mean for Exon-Florio? Almost since its enactment,

AND

from global energy markets might result in a greater risk of supply disruption).

Clarification of CFIUS priorities should focus on specific industries to green-light.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,

http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)

CFIUS should develop and make public both a list of strategic industries and a set

AND

multilateral channels of engagement to make improvements and upgrades to the investment climate.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Inherency

Contention 1- the Status Quo

The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS.  These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.

Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Investment

Contention 2- Investment

Scenario 1- Protectionism:

Global trade is on the brink of collapse- rising US protectionism risks global escalation.

Lincicome 12 (Scott, trade attorney, "Is Missing American Trade Leadership Beginning to Bear Protectionist Fruit? (Hint: Kinda Looks Like It)," June 12,  http://lincicome.blogspot.com/2012/06/is-missing-american-trade-leadership.html)
Over the past few years, I and several other US trade-watchers have
AND
its long-held place at the front of the trade liberalization pack.

And, restrictions on oil and gas investments explode the scope of foreign investment CFIUS reviews.  This expansion of the CFIUS process is a protectionist tool to keep out investment.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)

II. Post 9/11 Application of Exon-Florio After 9/11
AND
that Reagan threatened to veto in order to strip the economic security provisions.

And, expanding the scope of CFIUS reviews undermines US trade leadership and triggers retaliation. The impact is global wars.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)

C. Economic Retaliation as a Result of CFIUS Protectionism Continued use of Exon-
AND
own interests to take any action that may destabilize the American economy. 182

And, protectionism sparks great power conflict and exacerbates all global problems.

Patrick, Senior Fellow-CFR, 09 (Stewart, senior fellow and director of the Program on International Institutions and Global Governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Protecting Free Trade," National Interest, March 13, 2009, http://nationalinterest.org/article/protecting-free-trade-3060?page=show)
President Obama has committed to working with U.S. trade partners to avoid
AND
daily economic intelligence briefing, distilling the security implications of the global crisis. 

And, Unilateral FDI liberalization is key to prevent trade policy backsliding which dooms global economic recovery.

Erixon and Sally, directors-ECIPE, 10 (Fredrik and Razeen, European Centre for International Political Economy, TRADE, GLOBALISATION AND EMERGING PROTECTIONISM SINCE THE CRISIS, http://www.ecipe.org/media/publication_pdfs/trade-globalisation-and-emerging-protectionism-since-the-crisis.pdf)    ~[italics are from original source~] We think Mr. Bentham’s world-view will cause damage, not only to domestic economies but also to the world trading system. This will not be a replay of the 1930s, but a replay of the 1970s is a serious prospect. The world is in danger of undoing the market reforms of the 1980s and ’90s that brought unprecedented prosperity, especially to emerging markets outside the West. Like the 1970s, policy backsliding could prolong a severe downturn and compromise eventual recovery. The short-term challenge is to arrest the slide to Big Government at home and creeping protectionism abroad. The medium-term challenge is to get back on track with trade and FDI liberalisation combined with domestic structural reforms – substantial "unfinished business" left before the crisis struck. More, not less, markets and globalisation are what the world needs. That is primarily a matter for unilateral action by governments and competitive emulation among them. It can be reinforced by international policy cooperation in the WTO, G20 and other fora, but not too much can be expected of cumbersome global-governance mechanisms. Overall, limits to government intervention and a well-functioning market economy are of a piece with open markets, economic globalisation and international political stability.

Scenario 2- Economic Collapse:

And, energy restrictions destroy investor confidence, which crushes the dollar and triggers economic recession- the vague CFIUS interpretation of national security chills ALL foreign investment.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)
B. National Security and Investor Uncertainty The uncertain interpretation of national security in Exon
AND
investment is more vital than ever to provide liquidity to American markets. 164

We’re on the brink of a double dip recession- boosting investor confidence is key.

Rickards, 12 (James, economist and investment banker with 35 years of experience working in capital markets on Wall Street and the author of NYT Bestselling book Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, "Why We Should Still Be Worried about a Double-Dip Recession," February 27, 2012, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/02/27/why-we-should-still-be-worried-about-a-double-dip-recession)
The late summer and fall of 2011 was filled with fears of a double-
AND
certainty returns and, on current form, that may be years away.

And, economic decline causes great power war.

Royal 2010 
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

And, the plan is a quick injection of capital which is critical to economic recovery.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, China and Economy consultant for Bertelsmann Stiftung, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20in%20Hand%20Second%20Edition%20final.pdf)
Although Chinese FDI has drawn increasing attention in the U.S. and Germany
AND
in bringing those countries that are facing a credit crunch back to growth. 

GREIZZZBACCCHH

Lack of Chinese support for Iran sanctions undercuts international pressure.  Removing restrictions on Chinese investment in US oil and gas production is the best way to get them to come around.

Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 7-19-12 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, "Getting China to Turn on Iran," July 19, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/getting-china-turn-iran-7215)

Over the past decade, as the United States employed increasingly robust sanctions to gradually
AND
the greater the chance they will think twice about doing business in Iran.
The Chinese government responded to the new U.S. sanctions signed into law
AND
This dual stance is attributable to the business decisions made by China’s NOCs.

And, China is key- their cooperation is the lynchpin of international pressure on Iran nuclearization.

Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 11 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, "Getting China to Sanction Iran," Foreign Affairs, March/April 2011, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2011/02/03-china-iran-downs-maloney)

For more than three decades, the United States has tried to persuade the international
AND
that exist between Beijing and Tehran despite their strong ideological and commercial links. 

Two impacts- First- Nuclearization—

Iranian nuclearization makes nuclear war inevitable in the Middle East- even small conflicts could escalate to all out war.

Kahl, Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Colin, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East and Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security,  Iran and the Bomb, Foreign Affairs; Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p157-162)
Waltz writes that "policymakers and citizens in the Arab world, Europe, Israel
AND
and the consequences of even a low-probability outcome could be devastating.

Iranian nuclearization causes regional and global arms racing.

Cirincione 06 (Joseph, Sr. Assoc. %26 Director @ the Non-Proliferation Project @ the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Summer, SAIS Review, "A New Non-Proliferation Strategy")
The danger posed by the acquisition of nuclear weapons by Iran or North Korea is
AND
decade-compounded by the existing political and territorial disputes still unresolved.4

This risks global nuclear conflict- new prolif risks theft, unauthorized use, terrorism, and crisis escalation.

Busch, Professor of Government-Christopher Newport, 04 (Nathan, "No End in Sight: The Continuing Menace of Nuclear Proliferation" p 281-314)
Summing Up: Will the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be Better or Worse?
AND
proliferation in hopes that the stability predicted by the optimists will indeed occur.

Sanctions work- evidence suggests they will bring Iran back to the negotiating table.

Kahl 12 (Colin, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Not Time to Attack Iran, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 91, Issue 2)
 In making the case for preventive war as the least bad option, Kroenig
AND
emphasize that all options, including military action, remain on the table.

Second impact- Strikes-

Israel will strike Iran unless the US gets support for tighten sanctions on Iran- officials statements say they will strike by the end of the year. 
The International Herald Tribune 9/1/12 HEADLINE: Atomic report puts Israel in bind; As Iran draws closer to a red line, Netanyahu finds options are narrow BYLINE: JODI RUDOREN and DAVID E. SANGER
For Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, the International Atomic Energy Agency has offered
AND
are saying much the same thing and may be growing tired of waiting.

And, tightening sanctions on Iranian oil staves off an Israeli strike on Iran.

National Journal 12 (Sara Sorcher, Insiders: New Sanctions on Iran Stave Off Need for Military Action, Jan 31, http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/insiders-new-sanctions-on-iran-stave-off-need-for-military-action-20120130)
Now that the European Union has agreed to impose a ban on oil purchases from
AND
according to another Insider, "as long as Israel doesn’t act first."

Israel strikes on Iran cause multiple scenarios for nuclear war, CBW use and terrorist attacks.

Russell 09 (James A. Russell, managing editor of Strategic Insights, the quarterly ejournal published by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School, Spring 2009, Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East, Security Studies Center)
Iran’s response to what would initially start as a sustained stand-off bombardment (
AND
U.S. massive response – a potential "Armageddon" scenario.

And, strikes don’t solve prolif and make escalation inevitable- Iran would face use-it-or-lose-it pressure, no hotlines exist, and Iran’s command-and-control weakness risks unauthorized escalation.

Kahl 12 (Colin, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Not Time to Attack Iran, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 91, Issue 2)
Kroenig’s discussion of timing is not the only misleading part of his article; so
AND
community would struggle to track or slow Tehran’s efforts to rebuild its program.

Chinese support for sanctions is the best bet to prevent Israel from striking.

Wuthnow 12 (Joel, fellow at the China and the World Program at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Will China Stop Iran?, March 05, http://thediplomat.com/2012/03/05/will-china-stop-iran/)
What might China be asked to do? During Vice President Xi Jinping’s visit to
AND
and all the strife that would entail – may well be much worse.

US-China bilateral relations are on the brink- inevitable conflicts over the US foreign investment process risk shattering the relationship.  US action to clarify which industries and companies can invest sends a strong signal of cooperation towards China.

Xu 11 (Ting, senior project manager-Bertelsmann Foundation, The Next Big Threat to US-China Ties, July 13, http://thediplomat.com/2011/07/13/the-next-big-threat-to-us-china-ties/)
The United States and China have long lobbed verbal grenades across the Pacific, each
AND
a win-win situation that would also boost Sino-American collaboration.

Collapse of relations risks nuclear war.

Wittner 11 (Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace %26 Change, a journal of peace research, "COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?," November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html)
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.  
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.

Plan

Thus the plan:

The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews.

Solvency

Contention 4-Solvency:

Contention 5-Solvency:

Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude "energy assets" insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.

And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.

Ellis-Vinson %26 Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html-http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html
Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,
AND
were energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007

And, the US should clarify that energy production does not undermine national security— explicitly exempting specific industries from CFIUS review is key.

Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)
What does this all mean for Exon-Florio? Almost since its enactment,
AND
from global energy markets might result in a greater risk of supply disruption).

Clarification of CFIUS priorities should focus on specific industries to green-light.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)
CFIUS should develop and make public both a list of strategic industries and a set
AND
multilateral channels of engagement to make improvements and upgrades to the investment climate.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
---we meet
A. production
Hirsch-former senior energy program adviser for Science Applications International Corporation-11  Commentary: Restrictions on world oil production
http://www.energybulletin.net/stories/2011-03-28/commentary-restrictions-world-oil-production

Restrictions on world oil production can be divided into four categories: 1. Geology
AND
and restrictions on foreign investment has led to significant Mexican oil production decline.

B. Blocks delays and alterations
IEFL Inside Energy with Federal Lands 4/12/10 (Herman Wang, HEADLINE: Foreign energy investments spark security concerns)

Foreign firms appear to be increasingly interested in investing in US oil companies, electric
AND
have the sanctity of contracts and bright-letter law," Vrielink said. 

C. Mitigation measures
Marchick 07 (David, partner at Covington and Burling, where he advises
companies on the CFIUS process, “Swinging the Pendulum too Far: An Analysis of the CFIUS Process Post-Dubai Ports World,” Jan, http://www.nfap.net/researchactivities/studies/NFAPPolicyBriefCFIUS0107.pdf)

In the 18 years that Exon-Florio has been in force, there have
AND
a company if a President were to block an acquisition would be substantial.
D. scrutiny
Vinson and Elkins LLP 12 (VandE China Practice Update E-communication, “China Amends Foreign Investment Policy: New Foreign Investment Industry Guidance Catalogue,” January 13, http://www.velaw.com/resources/pub_detail.aspx?id=20405)

The Catalogue classifies foreign direct investments in the various Chinese industry sectors as “encouraged
AND
authorities. Foreign investment is not permitted in industries categorized as “prohibited.”

2. ---C/I - Restrictions mean qualification on production
Wright v. Magellan Behavioral Health, Inc., 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 48718  2007

In the instant case, the Court is required to interpret the word "restriction" as used by the parties in the Agreement. The parties apparently agree that the legal definition of restriction--"a limitation or qualification," Black's Law Dictionary 1341 (8th ed. 1999)--is a good place to start. Thus, the Court must determine whether the board's supervision requirement falls within this definition.
That means conditions on production not just prohibitions
Google Dictionary

qual•i•fi•ca•tion noun /ˌkwäləfəˈkāSHən/  qualifications,
AND

an official requirement - the five-year residency qualification for presidential candidates

3. ---Foreign investment restrictions apply to extraction
Clark-partner Dewey and LeBoeuf LLP-11
LIMITS ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN THE PETROLEUM SECTOR: CFIUS INVESTMENT SCREENING,
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, ANTI-BRIBERY RULES, AND OTHER MEASURES
http://tjogel.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ware_final1.pdf

B. Petroleum Industry Experience and Challenges: Exon-Florio Although CFIUS’s focus on
AND
assets, creating some uncertainty for potential mergers and acquisitions in this sector. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
their self fulfilling prophecy/serial policy failure impacts are descriptive of the status quo, not the affirmative.
Pan 2007
Chengxin, School of International and Political Studies, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University, What Is Chinese About Chinese Business? Implications for U.S. Responses to China’s Rise, Asia Research Centre, CBS, Copenhagen Discussion Papers
From the global production network perspective, not only does the assumption of a zero
AND
succeed in bringing out a more unified rival in China down the road.
---The permutation solves best --- Combining securitization with criticism renegotiates the logic of security and solves their impact while avoiding legitimate contextualized dangers.
Trombetta 2008
Maria Julia, Environmental security and climate change: analyzing the discourse, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21:4, 585-602
The recognition and constitution of a problem as a threat implies the identification of the
AND
, it is a reflexive and contextualized process that generates meanings and practices.
---Rejecting fossil fuel production technology replicates the human/nature dualism making environmental destruction and individual alienation inevitable.
Mathews 1994
Freya, Professor of philosophy at Latrobe University, Relating to Nature: Deep Ecology or Ecofeminism? Trumpeter, 11:4
Can we really accept the idea, implicit in the cosmic view, that human
AND
-of-control systems and in particular, to our modern technologies.
[Language Said in Context]  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Turn- Delays cause FDI chilling that wrecks the economy.
   Hamilton and Quinlan 06 (Daniel, and Joseph, Protecting Our Prosperity
   Ensuring Both National Security and the Benefits of Foreign Investment in the United States, NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY, JUNE, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/transatlantic-topics/Articles/economy/ProtectingOurProsperity_NFAP_June_20_2006.pdf) 

Fifth, don’t shoot yourself in the foot. Political uncertainties and potential delays for
AND
inflation, less innovation, lower wages, and lower stock prices. 35

2. Predictability key to energy investments
Sussman 11 (Edna, principal of SussmanADR LLC and has been appointed as the Distinguished ADR Practitioner in Residence by the Fordham University School of Law, A Multilateral Energy Sector Investment Treaty: Is it Time For a Call For Adoption by All Nations?, THE INTERNATIONAL LAWYER: A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE ABA/SECTION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Jan, http://www.sussmanadr.com/docs/Energy%20Charter%20Treaty%20%20SIL%201-2011%20as%20published_new.pdf)
The predictability of regulation and host government action is of particular importance in the energy
AND
expropriations which makes an assurance of investment protection all the more important.168

3. Politicization of the plan undermines US investment credibility- turns the case.
Feng, JD-NYU, 09 (YIHENG, CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONGRESSIONAL POLITICIZATION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON NATIONAL SECURITY GROUNDS, http://www.law.nyu.edu/ecm_dlv1/groups/public/@nyu_law_website__journals__journal_of_international_law_and_politics/documents/documents/ecm_pro_064915.pdf)

Legal and financial scholars have generally acknowledged the negative economic and political effects of the
AND
short-term considerations and often have little expertise in the subject matter.

4. Even small conditions turn trade- unilateralism better
Daniel Ikenson, fellow and trade specialist at the Cato Institute, July 20, 2006, Trade Policy in the Wake of Doha, Cato Hill Briefing, p. http://www.freetrade.org/node/706

As the world's largest economy, the United States has a lot of negotiating leverage
AND
as another bludgeon through which the U.S. expresses its hegemony.

Congress would be the one that has to implement the plan after the review.
Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)

Confusion about the definition of national security is not limited to parties outside the black
AND
, the report does not comment on the form they should take. 160

They wont do it- they strongly dislike the plan
Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 10 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, Who’s Afraid of China’s Oil Companies?, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2010/7/china%20oil%20downs/07_china_oil_downs)

Who’s afraid of China’s national oil companies? Quite a few people, if the
AND
(IOC) like Chevron cannot even compete in, let alone win.

Delays solvency for years! (also they submit it to Congress)
Senator Coons 10/13/11
http://www.coons.senate.gov/newsroom/releases/release/senator-coons-calls-for-coordinated-national-energy-review
Senator Coons calls for coordinated national energy review Joins bipartisan group of senators in saying an energy strategy is necessary for U.S. economic competitiveness and security

WASHINGTON – U.S. Senator Chris Coons (D-Del.), a member of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, joined Senators Mark Pryor (D-Ark.), Jeff Bingaman (D-N.M.), Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), Mark Begich (D-Alaska), and Jon Tester (D-Mont.) today in introducing legislation to develop a coordinated national energy strategy for meeting America’s energy needs.

The Quadrennial Energy Review Act of 2011 authorizes a high-level, government-
AND
on foreign oil and improve economic competitiveness and security in the United States.
No Solvency---The Energy Review sets DOE priorities for energy research and use policy-No jurisdiction to change CFIUS reviews.
Energy.Gov 9/27/11
http://energy.gov/articles/department-energy-releases-inaugural-quadrennial-technology-review-report

WASHINGTON, DC – The Energy Department today released its inaugural Quadrennial Technology Review report
AND
to for the success of our research, development, and demonstration activities.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Adding additional criteria destroys investor confidence.
Fenton 02 (Christopher, Dorsey and Whitney Student Writing Prize in Comparative and International Law Best Note Award Winner, “U.S. Policy Towards Foreign Direct Investment Post-September 11: Exon-Florio in the Age of Transnational Security,” 41 Colum. J. Transnat'l L. 195)

Substantial changes in the analytical framework governing the Committee's evaluation of national security considerations related
AND
lead foreign firms to abandon plans to merge or acquire American companies entirely.

That undermines investment and risks protectionism.
McGill 07 (Kevin, Selling Away Our Oil: Protectionism and the True Threat Raised by CNOOC's Attempted Acquisition of Unocal, Spring, 2007, 23 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 657)

In the end, economic nationalism in the form of U.S. political
AND
to set the example for freedom by which other nations will follow. 157

Restrictions on FDI spark protectionism which is modeled abroad- spirals to an all-out trade war.
Princeton Task Force on Chinese Investment 11 (“Economic Patriotism: How to Deal with Chinese Investment,” December, http://www.princeton.edu/~smeunier/Princeton_Task_Force_Report_Final_2011)

THE POLITICAL ROAD AHEAD Nonetheless, the U.S. cannot formulate FDI policy
AND
Chinese government to marginalize American companies for the competitive sake of their own. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Permute- do the counterplan-
   a. Nullifying a law is the same thing as reducing a restriction.
   Duchossois Indus. v. United States, 2010-1 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) P50,344 2010

In Kohler, the taxpayer purchased $ 19.5 million in Mexican pesos for
AND
or restrictions that devalues the pesos and lowers the value of the stock.
b. the Court can “reduce restrictions”- contextual evidence
Shim 96 (Yumee, Mountain States Legal Foundation v. Glickman: When a Tree Falls in the Forest, is Anything Left (Of) Standing?, Fall, 1996, 15 Temp. Envtl. L. and Tech. J. 277)
Specifically, plaintiffs alleged that the implementation of the Guidelines would drive up the price
AND
agency to comply with the procedural commands of NFMA and NEPA ...." Id.
2. Permute- do both- Court action provides political cover.
Zotnick, law prof- RWU, 04
David M. Zlotnick, associate professor of law at the Roger Williams University School of Law, visiting professor of law at Washington College, Spring 2004, Roger Williams University Law Review, 9 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 645, p. 684

On the federal level, the time has come to listen to the voices of
AND
, this makes a travesty of the justice they have sworn to uphold.

3. CP Links to Politics
Treanor and Sperling, 1993 (William Michael, Associate Professor of Law @ Fordham University, and Gene B., Deputy Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, December, Prospective Overruling and the Revival of "unconstitutional" Statutes, 93 Colum. L. Rev. 1902, Columbia Law Review)

A judicial decision invalidating a statute also skews the political dynamic because, as a
AND
different for the two camps, he voted in favor of the bill.

4. Turn- Delay-
a. the CP will be appealed which delays the final decision
Rosenberg, Law Prof- Chicago, 1991 (Gerald, The Hollow Hope, pg. 87)

The judiciary, like other large political institutions, is afflicted with many bureaucratic problems
AND
judicial remedy is to return to court and re-start the process.
b. Delays causes FDI chilling that wrecks the economy
Hamilton and Quinlan 06 (Daniel, and Joseph, Protecting Our Prosperity
Ensuring Both National Security and the Benefits of Foreign Investment in the United States, NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY, JUNE, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/transatlantic-topics/Articles/economy/ProtectingOurProsperity_NFAP_June_20_2006.pdf) 

Fifth, don’t shoot yourself in the foot. Political uncertainties and potential delays for
AND
inflation, less innovation, lower wages, and lower stock prices. 35

5. CP will be rolled back.
Pacelle, poli sci prof-Missouri, 02 (Richard, poli sci prof and legal studies coordinator at the univ of Missouri at St. Louis The Role of the Supreme Court in American Politics: The Least Dangerous Branch?, p92)
Even if the Supreme Court was to carve out some sphere of power for itself
AND
the other branches and the public, the cost is its institutional legitimacy. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The alternative fractures the left --- Meditative inaction unites the alternative with right wing china bashers and fractures opposition to the Pentagon’s militarist china policy.
Bello and Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
A coalition of forces seeks to deprive China of permanent normal trading relations (PNTR
AND
, "the wrong war at the wrong place at the wrong time".
Only the permutation solves --- Technology is inevitable and employing it in conjunction with meditative thought preserves our relation to being while making life better. *Star this card* as it assumes their turns.  
Heidegger 1955
Martin, Discourse on Thinking, Martin Heidegger: Philosophical and Political Writings pg 94
Let us give it a trial. For all of us, the arrangements,
AND
same time “no,” by an old word, releasement toward things.
---Problem/Solution framing is empirically successful --- Cold war arms control efforts prove you don’t need to reject Cartesian dualisms for successful policy implementation.
Hayward 2006
Steven F., previously the F.K. Weyerhaeuser Fellow at AEI, The Fate of the Earth in the Balance, SOCIETY AND CULTURE, http://www.aei.org/outlook/society-and-culture/the-fate-of-the-earth-in-the-balance/
Is Gore’s high-level metaphysical analysis necessary in the first place? Do we
AND
of Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative, are greeted contemptuously for the same reason.
---Their value to life claims are self-fulfilling --- Being is always already at hand; only the alternative’s neurotic concern for the power of technology distracts us from this fact, makes loss of being possible.
Latour 1993
Bruno, We Have Never Been modern, transl. Catherine Porter, pg 66-67
Who has forgotten Being? No one, no one ever has, otherwise Nature
AND
a surer guide than Heidegger: `Sinai gar kai entautha theous.'
---The alternative ends in atrocity --- Calls to ‘let being be’ displace personal responsibility and are ultimately unable to differentiate between gas chambers and toaster ovens.  
Bookchin 1995
Murray, Founder of the Institute for Social Ecology and Former Professor @ Ramapo College, Re Re-Enchanting Humanity: A Defense of the Human Spirit Against Antihumanism, Misanthropy, Mysticism and Primitivism, pg. 168-170
Heidegger's views on technology are part of a larger weltanschauung which is too multicolored to
AND
-living people who were put to death by the National Socialist state.
---The alternative fails --- Ontological questioning causes paralysis in the face of oppression.
Levinas and Nemo 1985
Emmanuel, professor of philosophy, and Philippe, professor of new philosophy, Ethics and Infinity, pg. 6-7
Are we not in need of still more precautions? Must we not step back
AND
, in its inability to escape itself, to escape being and essence.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Models prove Romney will win
Gourdie 9/20/12
Jim, November 7, 2012 _ Romney Wins By A Landslide!, http://conservativesonfire.wordpress.com/2012/09/20/november-7-2012-_-romney-wins-by-a-landslide/

So, not as big a spread as I am predicting, But 7.
AND
popular vote margin of 53-47 percent in Romney’s favor is predicted.
Romney leads – their polls are skewed.
Chambers 9/16
Dean, Mitt Romney holds large lead in UnSkewedPolls.com average of polls, The Examiner, http://www.examiner.com/article/mitt-romney-holds-large-lead-unskewedpolls-com-average-of-polls

While Mitt Romney enjoys a 47 percent to 46 percent lead over President Obama in
AND
averaged, they show a Mitt Romney lead of 7.8 percent.

Romney bashing backfires- lets Obama use Romney’s outsourcing
Huffington Post 9/14
Mitt Romney China-Bashing Blasted As 'Ironic' By Country's Xinhua News Agency, Reuters, 09/14/2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/14/mitt-romney-china-bashing-xinhua_n_1883062.html
"Such blaming-China-on-everything remarks are as false as they
AND
equity firm Bain Capital, of outsourcing jobs to both India and China.

China bashing is now unpopular- Romney will lose if he uses the plan against Obama.
China Daily 12 (Romney playing protectionism in China-bashing ad: Wall Street Journal, 9-16, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-09/16/content_15760915.htm)

The Wall Street Journal on Saturday criticized Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney for playing protectionism
AND
Congress to negotiate and pass the Doha trade round, the article wrote.

fights over NEXEN now- already an election year
The Main Wire 7/24/12
HEADLINE: Two Key Canadian Regulators To Review CNOOC /Nexen

CNOOC's proposed takeover was unanimously approved by the Nexen board but is still to be
AND
. in 2005. CNOOC eventually withdrew the bid, citing political tensions.

Romney will win Ohio
Examiner 9-21-12 (http://www.examiner.com/article/mitt-romney-likely-win-of-five-key-swing-states-shown-by-purple-poll-surveys)

The bipartisan polling
AND
 presidency in November.

Foreign investment is key to Obama wins in Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Crooks and McGregor 2012
Ed and Richard, Shale gas fuels change in US swing states, Financial Times, June 5th 2012, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7b2e21b4-af2f-11e1-a4e0-00144feabdc0.html#axzz22JoM1Gtu

The shale revolution is spreading into eastern Ohio, bringing with it the possibility of
AND
to be very, very close and little things can mean a lot.”

Ohio is key to the election
Peoples 6/14 (Steve, staff reporter for the associated press, “Dueling economic speeches, one swing state: Obama, Romney try to seize economic debate in Ohio”  6/14/12 http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/dueling-economic-speeches-1-swing-state-obama-romney-try-to-seize-economic-debate-in-ohio/2012/06/14/gJQAcp5cbV_story.html) KY
President Barack Obama cast his re-election race against Republican Mitt Romney as the
AND
— particularly Romney. No Republican has ever won the presidency without winning Ohio

US-China relations key to solve warming – biggest emitters.
Lewis 2011
Joanna, assistant professor of science, technology and international affairs at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, The State of U.S.-China Relations on Climate
Change: Examining the Bilateral and Multilateral Relationship http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Feature%20Article%20The%20State%20of%20U.S.-China%20Relations%20on%20Climate%20Change.pdf

China and the United States are the two largest national emitters of the greenhouse gases
AND
sour note in December at the close of the Copenhagen climate change negotiations.

Strong U.S.-China ties solve warming – two largest polluters
Schell 9 (Orville, Dir. Center on US-China Relations – Asia Society, Taipei Times, “A new Sino-American relationship?” 8-30, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2009/08/30/2003452352) 

The Strategic and Economic Dialogue between the US and China has now ended with the
AND
-US relations around the issue of climate change will have been lost.  

Strike kills Obama in election
Bolton-The Hill-2/23/12
Israeli strike on Iran would pose risk for US economy, Obama reelection bid
http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/212239-possible-israeli-strike-on-iran-poses-risks-for-us-economy-obama
   
A military strike by Israel against Iran’s nuclear facilities has emerged as one of the
AND
,” said Adam Hersh, an economist at the Center for American Progress. 

Obama’s failure on Iran is unpopular with the public and the GOP will use it against him.
Maloney, Middle East Policy Fellow- Brookings, 12 (Suzanne, How to Contain a Nuclear Iran, March 5, 2012, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/03/05-nuclear-iran-maloney)

It is still too early in the campaign to gauge the effectiveness of the Republican
AND
strongly pro-Israeli voters in both the Jewish and evangelical Christian communities. 

The GOP will use Obama’s weakness on Iran sanctions against him in the election.
Voice of Russia 12 (US sanctions no hurdle to beneficial ties, July 2, http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_07_02/79986365/)
Washington might find it particularly troublesome to bicker with Beijing ahead of the election.
AND
pragmatic approach, and their vociferous statements will remain nothing more than words.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Supply will increase inevitably –
1) Public lands
Finley 9/14
Bruce, Denver Post Staff Writer, Salazar: All energy production OK on public land with careful planning - The Denver Post http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_21538068/salazar-all-energy-production-ok-public-land-careful#ixzz26l5X0ima

The strategy includes continued investment in research and development for development of all forms of
AND
and gas is very much a part of our program," Salazar said.
2) Productivity
Murtaugh 9/14
Dan, Bloomberg News, North Dakota’s Bakken Oil Output Passes 600,000 Barrels a Day, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-14/north-dakota-s-bakken-oil-output-passes-600-000-barrels-a-day.html

Oil production from the North Dakota portion of the Bakken shale formation topped 600,
AND
highest annual level since 1991, according to department figures compiled by Bloomberg.

Prices will be stabilized –
a) Oil companies
Macdonald 9-6-12
Gregor, contributing editor to Peak Prosperity and energy market expert, The Repricing of Oil, September 6 2012, http://www.peakprosperity.com/blog/79590/repricing-oil

The oil market now understands that should prices fall below $90, it starts
AND
far and wide digging up expensive, hard-to-extract oil.
Price volatility inevitable
Goldwyn 12 (David, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2012/6/29%20iran%20sanctions/20120629_sanctions_iran)

Well, Steve, oil markets are notoriously volatile, so lots of things can
AND
probability, I think, but you could have a disruption in Venezuela.
If not here, they’ll invest elsewhere
Scissors, Senior Research Fellow-Heritage, 12 (Derek, Senior Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy, and Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs , “China Buys Canadian Energy: Lessons for the U.S.,” July 26, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/china-buys-canadian-energy-lessons-for-the-us)

Wide-Ranging Implications One policy implication of CNOOC–Nexen is thus a bit
AND
regulatory oversight, and is a close American ally is the ideal alternative.
---No Link-Oil production doesn’t affect prices-36 years of data prove
Columbian 12 (“More U.S. drilling won’t ease gas prices at pump” http://www.columbian.com/news/2012/mar/21/more-us-drilling-wont-ease-gas-price-at-pump/)
It’s the political cure-all for high gas prices: Drill here, drill
AND
would provide — it would at most cut gas prices by 10 percent.

Russian decline now –Capital
Khamraeva 9/17/12
V., Telegraph/Russia Behind the Headlines, Experts foresee new wave of financial crisis in Russia, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/business/9547777/russia-financial-crisis-second-wave.html

Economic experts warn, however, that a new crisis is just around the corner
AND
financial regulators such as the Fed and the ECB use,” he said.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A rich China is less likely to go to war - our evidence is comparative
Chuang, ‘1
Liow Boon-, Principal Staff Advisers at the Second Headquarter Support Battalion and 31st Command and Staff Course at Singapore Command and Staff College, Jan-March, “A Weak or Strong China: Which Is Better for the Asia Pacific Region?” Journal of the Singapore Armed Forces, Vol 27 No 1, http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/2001/Vol27_1/7.htm

However, to put some balance into the picture, we should not overestimate the
AND
obviously be to the benefits of countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

Collapse is comparatively worse- internal instability causes nationalistic foreign policy- makes US-China confrontation more likely
YEE AND STOREY 2002
– PROF IR @ HONG KONG U AND DEAKIN U- THE CHINA THREAT: PERCEPTIONS, MYTHS, AND REALITY, PAGE 59
American influence over internal outcomes in China, though far from decisive, could nonetheless
AND
to pursue accommodation with its neighbours, much less with the United States.

Only rising economically and liberal institutions check- all military action is a buffer for perceived American attack
Stutter 12
Robert Sutter has occupied a full-time position as Visiting Professor of Asian Studies at Georgetown University since 2001. A Ph D graduate from Harvard University, Sutter taught part-time for over thirty years at Washington area universities while pursuing a career in the US government, 2012, http://www.american.edu/sis/aseanstudiescenter/upload/Sutter-110105-article-for-compendium-Tzifakas-ed.pdf

It went on to highlight four features of China’s current strategy. They are related
AND
than in the past.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No time or agreement
Reuters 9/21
Will Lame Duck Congress Save US From ‘Fiscal Cliff’?, 21 Sep 2012 , http://www.cnbc.com/id/49119887
The most vocal Democrats and Republicans in Congress have turned the floors of the House and Senate into pre-election spin rooms as each side tries to pin the blame on the other.
But a stream
AND
now a lobbyist.

No change of agreement- ideology
Slate 9/21
Take the Easy Way Out, Matthew Yglesias, Friday, Sept. 21, 2012, http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2012/09/sequestration_both_parties_agree_it_ll_hurt_the_economy_so_they_should_agree_to_repeal_it_.html
Except, perversely, the parties can’t seem to bring themselves to do anything about
AND
at a time when short-term government spending isn’t actually a problem.

Trade key to american military hegemony
Fitzgerald, Heritage Foundation, ‘3 (Sara, March 12, “America is Strengthened by Trade” Washington Times, lexis)
The result? As the president's national security strategy notes, free trade "provides
AND
there's no question we're stronger –financially and militarily - because of it.

N/U- Congress is already backlashing now to the CNOOC-Nexen deal.
McCarthy and Jordan 8-4-12 (Shawn and Pav, China goes corporate with bid for Canadian oil, http://m.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/china-goes-corporate-with-bid-for-canadian-oil/article4446114/?service=mobile)

As SOEs from countries like China, India and Brazil seek to increase their footprint
AND
, they could force CNOOC to divest Nexen’s lucrative Gulf of Mexico assets.

FDI policies have bipartisan support.
Fagan 6-14-12 (David, Partner, Covington and Burling LLP, “Hearing on “The Evolving U.S.-China Trade and Investment Relationship”Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2012hearings/written_testimonies/12_6_14/Fagan.pdf)

FDI has received long-standing, bi-partisan policy backing: every Administration
AND
percent of total U.S. private RandD investment. 2

China hires lobbyists to quell opposition- even those that don’t like Chinese investment won’t necessarily push to block deals.
Financial Post 7-27- 12 (CNOOC’s bid for Nexen raises political hackles in Washington, http://business.financialpost.com/2012/07/27/cnoocs-bid-for-nexen-raises-political-hackles-in-washington/)
CNOOC and Nexen said in a July 24 filing with the U.S.
AND
stopped short of saying that the U.S. government should intervene.

Winners win
Heineman 10 (Ben Heineman Jr. has held top positions in government, law, and business. He is the author of High Performance with High Integrity “No Presidential Greatness Without Spending Political Capital” http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/
Only in recent months, when he was willing to make it his personal issue
AND
echoes decisions of his great Democratic predecessors, Harry Truman and Lyndon Johnson. 

Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles  | Opponent: Northwestern LV  | Judge: 

Inherency

Contention 1- the Status Quo

The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS.  These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.

Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Protectionism

Contention 2- Protectionism:

Global trade is on the brink of collapse- rising US protectionism risks global escalation.

Lincicome 12 (Scott, trade attorney, "Is Missing American Trade Leadership Beginning to Bear Protectionist Fruit? (Hint: Kinda Looks Like It)," June 12,  http://lincicome.blogspot.com/2012/06/is-missing-american-trade-leadership.html)
Over the past few years, I and several other US trade-watchers have
AND
its long-held place at the front of the trade liberalization pack.

And, restrictions on oil and gas investments explode the scope of foreign investment CFIUS reviews.  This expansion of the CFIUS process is a protectionist tool to keep out investment.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)

II. Post 9/11 Application of Exon-Florio After 9/11
AND
that Reagan threatened to veto in order to strip the economic security provisions.

And, expanding the scope of CFIUS reviews undermines US trade leadership and triggers retaliation. The impact is global wars.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)

C. Economic Retaliation as a Result of CFIUS Protectionism Continued use of Exon-
AND
own interests to take any action that may destabilize the American economy. 182

And, protectionism sparks great power conflict and exacerbates all global problems.

Patrick, Senior Fellow-CFR, 09 (Stewart, senior fellow and director of the Program on International Institutions and Global Governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Protecting Free Trade," National Interest, March 13, 2009, http://nationalinterest.org/article/protecting-free-trade-3060?page=show)
President Obama has committed to working with U.S. trade partners to avoid
AND
daily economic intelligence briefing, distilling the security implications of the global crisis. 

Clarifying the definition of national security solves tit-for-tat protectionism

Rosen and Hanemann 09 (Daniel, and Thilo, China’s Changing Outbound Foreign Direct Investment Profile: Drivers and Policy Implications, June, http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb09-14.pdf) Limiting national security concerns in an era of high-value mergers and acquisitions: Chinese OFDI will increasingly target higher-value assets in advanced economies, as commercial competitiveness joins resource security as a first-order motivation. This will increase the temptation for governments and firms in the nations where China invests to use national security arguments to block these new entrants. Worldwide, the commitment to cross-border investment openness is already shaky and protectionist sentiment is on the rise. Potential recipients of Chinese investments must not invoke national security inappropriately and should be more forthright about offlimit sectors. n Grappling with national economic security: Attempts by some US firms and protectionist politicians to expand the US investment review system to include economic security irrespective of national security have been rebuffed in the past. However, China’s size and pervasive government involvement in its commercial sector are rekindling this debate. Policymakers worry about the impact of noncommercial bidders on a market system, and concerns that official subsidies support China’s OFDI are pervasive. Talk in Beijing about "using" corporate OFDI as an alternative to buying US treasuries only increases worry about financial security. Corporate bailouts worldwide have lately made China’s firms less exceptional in terms of government ownership and control, but western officials remain concerned about China in particular. Chinese executives need clear US policy to determine beforehand whether bids may be rejected on national security grounds, and greater clarity on this issue would benefit the United States both by maximizing its asset values and preventing tit-fortat treatment abroad. 

And, Unilateral FDI liberalization is key to prevent trade policy backsliding which dooms global economic recovery.

Erixon and Sally, directors-ECIPE, 10 (Fredrik and Razeen, European Centre for International Political Economy, TRADE, GLOBALISATION AND EMERGING PROTECTIONISM SINCE THE CRISIS, http://www.ecipe.org/media/publication_pdfs/trade-globalisation-and-emerging-protectionism-since-the-crisis.pdf)    ~italics are from original source~ We think Mr. Bentham’s world-view will cause damage, not only to domestic economies but also to the world trading system. This will not be a replay of the 1930s, but a replay of the 1970s is a serious prospect. The world is in danger of undoing the market reforms of the 1980s and ’90s that brought unprecedented prosperity, especially to emerging markets outside the West. Like the 1970s, policy backsliding could prolong a severe downturn and compromise eventual recovery. The short-term challenge is to arrest the slide to Big Government at home and creeping protectionism abroad. The medium-term challenge is to get back on track with trade and FDI liberalisation combined with domestic structural reforms – substantial "unfinished business" left before the crisis struck. More, not less, markets and globalisation are what the world needs. That is primarily a matter for unilateral action by governments and competitive emulation among them. It can be reinforced by international policy cooperation in the WTO, G20 and other fora, but not too much can be expected of cumbersome global-governance mechanisms. Overall, limits to government intervention and a well-functioning market economy are of a piece with open markets, economic globalisation and international political stability.

Energy Coop Adv

Advantage 2- Energy Cooperation-

US-China bilateral relations are on the brink- inevitable conflicts over the US foreign investment process risk shattering the relationship.  US action to clarify which industries and companies can invest sends a strong signal of cooperation towards China.

Xu 11 (Ting, senior project manager-Bertelsmann Foundation, The Next Big Threat to US-China Ties, July 13, http://thediplomat.com/2011/07/13/the-next-big-threat-to-us-china-ties/)
The United States and China have long lobbed verbal grenades across the Pacific, each
AND
a win-win situation that would also boost Sino-American collaboration.

Scenario 1- US-China Relations

CFIUS restrictions on Chinese energy investment undermines the economic interdependence that assures peace between US and China.

Dorn, CATO China specialist, 07 (James, "The Rise of China Engagement or Protectionism? US Policy towards China," GLOBAL DIALOGUE Volume 9 ● Number 1–2 ● Winter/Spring 2007, http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=395)
Treasury Secretary Paulson is correct to urge institutional change in China rather than narrowly focus
AND
. If they couldn’t sell in America, they would fall apart."11

Nuclear war

Wittner 11 (Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace %26 Change, a journal of peace research, "COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?," November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html)
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.  
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.

Scenario 2- Iran sanctions

Lack of Chinese support for Iran sanctions undercuts international pressure.  Removing restrictions on Chinese investment in US oil and gas production is the best way to get them to come around.

Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 7-19-12 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, "Getting China to Turn on Iran," July 19, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/getting-china-turn-iran-7215)

Over the past decade, as the United States employed increasingly robust sanctions to gradually
AND
the greater the chance they will think twice about doing business in Iran.
The Chinese government responded to the new U.S. sanctions signed into law
AND
This dual stance is attributable to the business decisions made by China’s NOCs.

And, China is key- their cooperation is the lynchpin of international pressure on Iran nuclearization.

Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 11 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, "Getting China to Sanction Iran," Foreign Affairs, March/April 2011, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2011/02/03-china-iran-downs-maloney)

For more than three decades, the United States has tried to persuade the international
AND
that exist between Beijing and Tehran despite their strong ideological and commercial links. 

Two impacts- First- Nuclearization—

Iranian nuclearization makes nuclear war inevitable in the Middle East- even small conflicts could escalate to all out war.

Kahl, Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Colin, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East and Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security,  Iran and the Bomb, Foreign Affairs; Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p157-162)
Waltz writes that "policymakers and citizens in the Arab world, Europe, Israel
AND
and the consequences of even a low-probability outcome could be devastating.

Iranian nuclearization causes regional and global arms racing.

Cirincione 06 (Joseph, Sr. Assoc. %26 Director @ the Non-Proliferation Project @ the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Summer, SAIS Review, "A New Non-Proliferation Strategy")
The danger posed by the acquisition of nuclear weapons by Iran or North Korea is
AND
decade-compounded by the existing political and territorial disputes still unresolved.4

This risks global nuclear conflict- new prolif risks theft, unauthorized use, terrorism, and crisis escalation.

Busch, Professor of Government-Christopher Newport, 04 (Nathan, "No End in Sight: The Continuing Menace of Nuclear Proliferation" p 281-314)
Summing Up: Will the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be Better or Worse?
AND
proliferation in hopes that the stability predicted by the optimists will indeed occur.

Sanctions work- evidence suggests they will bring Iran back to the negotiating table.

Kahl 12 (Colin, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Not Time to Attack Iran, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 91, Issue 2)
 In making the case for preventive war as the least bad option, Kroenig
AND
emphasize that all options, including military action, remain on the table.

Second impact- Strikes-

Israel will strike Iran unless the US gets China on board to tighten sanctions on Iran- officials statements say they will strike by the end of the year. 
The International Herald Tribune 9/1/12 HEADLINE: Atomic report puts Israel in bind; As Iran draws closer to a red line, Netanyahu finds options are narrow BYLINE: JODI RUDOREN and DAVID E. SANGER
For Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, the International Atomic Energy Agency has offered
AND
are saying much the same thing and may be growing tired of waiting.

And, tightening sanctions on Iranian oil staves off an Israeli strike on Iran.

National Journal 12 (Sara Sorcher, Insiders: New Sanctions on Iran Stave Off Need for Military Action, Jan 31, http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/insiders-new-sanctions-on-iran-stave-off-need-for-military-action-20120130)
Now that the European Union has agreed to impose a ban on oil purchases from
AND
according to another Insider, "as long as Israel doesn’t act first."

Israel strikes on Iran cause multiple scenarios for nuclear war, CBW use and terrorist attacks.

Russell 09 (James A. Russell, managing editor of Strategic Insights, the quarterly ejournal published by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School, Spring 2009, Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East, Security Studies Center)
Iran’s response to what would initially start as a sustained stand-off bombardment (
AND
U.S. massive response – a potential "Armageddon" scenario.

And, strikes don’t solve prolif and make escalation inevitable- Iran would face use-it-or-lose-it pressure, no hotlines exist, and Iran’s command-and-control weakness risks unauthorized escalation.

Kahl 12 (Colin, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Not Time to Attack Iran, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 91, Issue 2)
Kroenig’s discussion of timing is not the only misleading part of his article; so
AND
community would struggle to track or slow Tehran’s efforts to rebuild its program.

Chinese support for sanctions is the best bet to prevent Israel from striking.

Wuthnow 12 (Joel, fellow at the China and the World Program at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Will China Stop Iran?, March 05, http://thediplomat.com/2012/03/05/will-china-stop-iran/)
What might China be asked to do? During Vice President Xi Jinping’s visit to
AND
and all the strife that would entail – may well be much worse.

Scenario 3- energy security

Chinese FDI in US energy production is key to stable global energy prices- price spikes are inevitable without interdependence.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)
In order to maintain the stability of a world energy supply system, Chinese enterprises
AND
. In this way, Chinese enterprises increasingly seek to engage in FDI.

Price spikes collapse the Chinese and US economies- cooperation is critical.

Wu, Brookings Visiting Fellow, 08 (Richard Weixing Hu, Advancing Sino-U.S. Energy Cooperation Amid Oil Price Hikes, March, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2008/03/energy-hu)

The high price of oil is hurting the American economy and is also doing harm
AND
to cooperate rather than confront each other in their pursuit of energy security.

Chinese economic collapse causes Asian and Middle East conflict- China will turn outwardly aggressive.

Newmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY "ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION" APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
 So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
AND
the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China.

And, economic decline causes war.

Royal 2010  Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Increasing energy investment is critical to energy security—resource wars are inevitable without it.

Sussman 11 (Edna, principal of SussmanADR LLC and has been appointed as the Distinguished ADR Practitioner in Residence by the Fordham University School of Law, A Multilateral Energy Sector Investment Treaty: Is it Time For a Call For Adoption by All Nations?, THE INTERNATIONAL LAWYER: A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE ABA/SECTION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Jan, http://www.sussmanadr.com/docs/Energy%20Charter%20Treaty%20%20SIL%201-2011%20as%20published_new.pdf)

Energy security in the 21st century revolves around the adequacy of and access to supply
AND
inter-state conflict, as well as regional tensions and instability."69

Scenario 4- South China Seas

And, politicization of Chinese energy deals independently undermines US-China energy relations, which causes hostile Chinese naval modernization.

Lieberthal and Herberg 06 (Kenneth, Distinguished Fellow and Director for China at The William Davidson institute, and research associate of the China Center at the University of Michigan,  and Mikkal, Director of the asian Energy security program at The national bureau of asian research, China’s Search for Energy Security: Implications for U.S. Policy*, http://www.nbr.org/publications/nbranalysis/pdf/vol17no1.pdf)
Both the United States and China will benefit if they can develop a collaborative relationship
AND
each other’s energy insecurities and find new ways to work toward cooperative outcomes.

Chinese naval modernization causes miscalculation, risking conflict with the US.

United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission 09 ("THE IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA’S NAVAL MODERNIZATION FOR THE UNITED STATES," HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, June 11, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/transcripts/09_06_11_trans/09_06_11_trans.pdf) 

In this hearing, witnesses told the Commission that the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (
AND
As a consequence, a naval arms race in East Asia may ensue.  

The risk of conflict in the South China Sea is particularly high- focusing on improving relations is critical.

Glaser, CSIS Senior Fellow, 12 (Bonnie, Senior Fellow,Center for Strategic and International Studies,  Armed Clash in the South China Sea, http://www.cfr.org/east-asia/armed-clash-south-china-sea/p27883)

The risk of conflict in the South China Sea is significant. China, Taiwan
AND
one of the various disputes in the South China Sea from escalating militarily.

The plan solves any alternative causes

Marchick-Carlyle Group-2/12 Fostering Greater Chinese Investment in the United States http://www.cfr.org/china/fostering-greater-chinese-investment-united-states/p27310-http://www.cfr.org/china/fostering-greater-chinese-investment-united-states/p27310
China recently became the world’s second-largest economy and has emerged as the world’s
AND
welcomes Chinese investment and that additional investment is in both countries’ economic interest. 

And, recent official statements prove these investment restrictions are a critical issue in the relationship.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June, http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)
Many U.S. experts recognize the potentially enormous future benefit from growing Chinese
AND
welcome Chinese investment and in particular, to treat the SOEs equally. 4

Plan

Thus the plan:

The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews.

Solvency

Contention 5-Solvency:

Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude "energy assets" insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.

And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.

Ellis-Vinson %26 Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html-http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html
Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,
AND
were energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007

And, the US should clarify that energy production does not undermine national security— explicitly exempting specific industries from CFIUS review is key.

Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)
What does this all mean for Exon-Florio? Almost since its enactment,
AND
from global energy markets might result in a greater risk of supply disruption).

Clarification of CFIUS priorities should focus on specific industries to green-light.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)
CFIUS should develop and make public both a list of strategic industries and a set
AND
multilateral channels of engagement to make improvements and upgrades to the investment climate.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Inherency

Contention 1- the Status Quo

The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS.  These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.

Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Investment

Contention 2- Investment

Scenario 1- Protectionism:

Global trade is on the brink of collapse- rising US protectionism risks global escalation.

Lincicome 12 (Scott, trade attorney, "Is Missing American Trade Leadership Beginning to Bear Protectionist Fruit? (Hint: Kinda Looks Like It)," June 12,  http://lincicome.blogspot.com/2012/06/is-missing-american-trade-leadership.html)
Over the past few years, I and several other US trade-watchers have
AND
its long-held place at the front of the trade liberalization pack.

And, restrictions on oil and gas investments explode the scope of foreign investment CFIUS reviews.  This expansion of the CFIUS process is a protectionist tool to keep out investment.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)

II. Post 9/11 Application of Exon-Florio After 9/11
AND
that Reagan threatened to veto in order to strip the economic security provisions.

And, expanding the scope of CFIUS reviews undermines US trade leadership and triggers retaliation. The impact is global wars.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)

C. Economic Retaliation as a Result of CFIUS Protectionism Continued use of Exon-
AND
own interests to take any action that may destabilize the American economy. 182

And, protectionism sparks great power conflict and exacerbates all global problems.

Patrick, Senior Fellow-CFR, 09 (Stewart, senior fellow and director of the Program on International Institutions and Global Governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Protecting Free Trade," National Interest, March 13, 2009, http://nationalinterest.org/article/protecting-free-trade-3060?page=show)
President Obama has committed to working with U.S. trade partners to avoid
AND
daily economic intelligence briefing, distilling the security implications of the global crisis. 

And, Unilateral FDI liberalization is key to prevent trade policy backsliding which dooms global economic recovery.

Erixon and Sally, directors-ECIPE, 10 (Fredrik and Razeen, European Centre for International Political Economy, TRADE, GLOBALISATION AND EMERGING PROTECTIONISM SINCE THE CRISIS, http://www.ecipe.org/media/publication_pdfs/trade-globalisation-and-emerging-protectionism-since-the-crisis.pdf)    ~italics are from original source~ We think Mr. Bentham’s world-view will cause damage, not only to domestic economies but also to the world trading system. This will not be a replay of the 1930s, but a replay of the 1970s is a serious prospect. The world is in danger of undoing the market reforms of the 1980s and ’90s that brought unprecedented prosperity, especially to emerging markets outside the West. Like the 1970s, policy backsliding could prolong a severe downturn and compromise eventual recovery. The short-term challenge is to arrest the slide to Big Government at home and creeping protectionism abroad. The medium-term challenge is to get back on track with trade and FDI liberalisation combined with domestic structural reforms – substantial "unfinished business" left before the crisis struck. More, not less, markets and globalisation are what the world needs. That is primarily a matter for unilateral action by governments and competitive emulation among them. It can be reinforced by international policy cooperation in the WTO, G20 and other fora, but not too much can be expected of cumbersome global-governance mechanisms. Overall, limits to government intervention and a well-functioning market economy are of a piece with open markets, economic globalisation and international political stability.

Scenario 2- Economic Collapse:

And, energy restrictions destroy investor confidence, which crushes the dollar and triggers economic recession- the vague CFIUS interpretation of national security chills ALL foreign investment.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)
B. National Security and Investor Uncertainty The uncertain interpretation of national security in Exon
AND
investment is more vital than ever to provide liquidity to American markets. 164

We’re on the brink of a double dip recession- boosting investor confidence is key.

Rickards, 12 (James, economist and investment banker with 35 years of experience working in capital markets on Wall Street and the author of NYT Bestselling book Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, "Why We Should Still Be Worried about a Double-Dip Recession," February 27, 2012, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/02/27/why-we-should-still-be-worried-about-a-double-dip-recession)
The late summer and fall of 2011 was filled with fears of a double-
AND
certainty returns and, on current form, that may be years away.

And, economic decline causes war.

Royal 2010  Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

And, the plan is a quick injection of capital which is critical to economic recovery.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, China and Economy consultant for Bertelsmann Stiftung, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20in%20Hand%20Second%20Edition%20final.pdf)
Although Chinese FDI has drawn increasing attention in the U.S. and Germany
AND
in bringing those countries that are facing a credit crunch back to growth. 

Iran Adv

Lack of Chinese support for Iran sanctions undercuts international pressure.  Removing restrictions on Chinese investment in US oil and gas production is the best way to get them to come around.

Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 7-19-12 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, "Getting China to Turn on Iran," July 19, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/getting-china-turn-iran-7215)

Over the past decade, as the United States employed increasingly robust sanctions to gradually
AND
the greater the chance they will think twice about doing business in Iran.
The Chinese government responded to the new U.S. sanctions signed into law
AND
This dual stance is attributable to the business decisions made by China’s NOCs.

And, China is key- their cooperation is the lynchpin of international pressure on Iran nuclearization.

Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 11 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, "Getting China to Sanction Iran," Foreign Affairs, March/April 2011, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2011/02/03-china-iran-downs-maloney)

For more than three decades, the United States has tried to persuade the international
AND
that exist between Beijing and Tehran despite their strong ideological and commercial links. 

Two impacts- First- Nuclearization—

Iranian nuclearization makes nuclear war inevitable in the Middle East- even small conflicts could escalate to all out war.

Kahl, Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Colin, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East and Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security,  Iran and the Bomb, Foreign Affairs; Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p157-162)
Waltz writes that "policymakers and citizens in the Arab world, Europe, Israel
AND
and the consequences of even a low-probability outcome could be devastating.

Iranian nuclearization causes regional and global arms racing.

Cirincione 06 (Joseph, Sr. Assoc. %26 Director @ the Non-Proliferation Project @ the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Summer, SAIS Review, "A New Non-Proliferation Strategy")
The danger posed by the acquisition of nuclear weapons by Iran or North Korea is
AND
decade-compounded by the existing political and territorial disputes still unresolved.4

This risks global nuclear conflict- new prolif risks theft, unauthorized use, terrorism, and crisis escalation.

Busch, Professor of Government-Christopher Newport, 04 (Nathan, "No End in Sight: The Continuing Menace of Nuclear Proliferation" p 281-314)
Summing Up: Will the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be Better or Worse?
AND
proliferation in hopes that the stability predicted by the optimists will indeed occur.

Sanctions work- evidence suggests they will bring Iran back to the negotiating table.

Kahl 12 (Colin, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Not Time to Attack Iran, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 91, Issue 2)
 In making the case for preventive war as the least bad option, Kroenig
AND
emphasize that all options, including military action, remain on the table.

Second impact- Strikes-

Israel will strike Iran unless the US gets support for tighten sanctions on Iran- officials statements say they will strike by the end of the year. 
The International Herald Tribune 9/1/12 HEADLINE: Atomic report puts Israel in bind; As Iran draws closer to a red line, Netanyahu finds options are narrow BYLINE: JODI RUDOREN and DAVID E. SANGER
For Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, the International Atomic Energy Agency has offered
AND
are saying much the same thing and may be growing tired of waiting.

And, tightening sanctions on Iranian oil staves off an Israeli strike on Iran.

National Journal 12 (Sara Sorcher, Insiders: New Sanctions on Iran Stave Off Need for Military Action, Jan 31, http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/insiders-new-sanctions-on-iran-stave-off-need-for-military-action-20120130)
Now that the European Union has agreed to impose a ban on oil purchases from
AND
according to another Insider, "as long as Israel doesn’t act first."

Israel strikes on Iran cause multiple scenarios for nuclear war, CBW use and terrorist attacks.

Russell 09 (James A. Russell, managing editor of Strategic Insights, the quarterly ejournal published by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School, Spring 2009, Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East, Security Studies Center)
Iran’s response to what would initially start as a sustained stand-off bombardment (
AND
U.S. massive response – a potential "Armageddon" scenario.

Chinese support for sanctions is the best bet to prevent Israel from striking.

Wuthnow 12 (Joel, fellow at the China and the World Program at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Will China Stop Iran?, March 05, http://thediplomat.com/2012/03/05/will-china-stop-iran/)
What might China be asked to do? During Vice President Xi Jinping’s visit to
AND
and all the strife that would entail – may well be much worse.

3

China is currently limiting itself to minority, "hands off" oil and gas deals out of fear of another Unocal—these small partnerships fail to secure the necessary technical expertise needed to develop Chinese shale, putting them decades behind their gas targets.

Mandel 7-17 (Jenny, Reporter for EnergyWire, a daily publication covering the unconventional oil and gas sectors, Previous positions with E%26E include editing Land Letter and writing news and feature stories for Greenwire, ClimateWire, and other news outlets, "Will U.S. shale technology make the leap across the Pacific?," EnergyWire: Tuesday, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1)
Modes of tech transfer Despite the challenges, the allure of a massive new domestic
AND
pursue contracts for natural gas imports to satisfy the strong and growing demand.

US gas companies currently negotiate passive deals for China because of CFIUS restrictions.

Knowledge @ Wharton 12 (China’s Underground Race for Shale Gas, aug 21, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2851)

Meanwhile, in the U.S., shale gas leaders, such as Devon
AND
Chinese companies may be able to negotiate better terms, says CATF’s Sung.

Only the US has the expertise necessary for China to develop its shale resources- increased Chinese access to US drilling techniques and regulatory methods is critical.

Forbes, manager- Shale Gas Initiative at the World Resources Institute, 12 (Sarah, also the Senior Associate for the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION: "CHINA’S GLOBAL QUEST FOR RESOURCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES; CHINA’S PROSPECTS FOR SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.," January 26, http://pdf.wri.org/testimony/forbes_testimony_china_shale_gas_2012-01-26.pdf)
Are there risks as well as opportunities for U.S. companies? From
AND
aware of and take into account while pursuing and designing Chinese domestic development. 

Chinese shale development key to displace their coal use—renewables cant be scaled up fast enough.

Hanger 12 (John, Special Counsel at the law firm Eckert Seamans, and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, "China Gets Cracking on Fracking: The Best Environmental News Of The Year?,"  Aug 14,  http://johnhanger.blogspot.com/2012/08/china-gets-cracking-on-fracking-good.html)

China sits on natural gas reserves that are estimated to be 50% higher than the massive gas reserves in the USA. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120808-china-shale-gas/. Despite this gargantuan gas resource, coal provides China 80% of its electricity, compared to 34% in the USA, as of May 2012. Why the difference? The shale gas boom that is now more than 10 years long in the USA is just getting started in China and so the Chinese remain heavily reliant on coal to make electricity and for their total energy. Around the world, the basic energy choice is coal or gas. China is just the biggest example of this fundamental fact. China’s reliance on coal means that its economic growth brings skyrocketing carbon emissions and other air pollution. Indeed, Chinese air quality is infamous around the world, and smog has been so thick that Beijing airport has been unable to land planes for short periods. As of 2011, China was responsible for 29% of the world’s carbon emissions, while the US produced 16%, even though the US economy is still considerably bigger than China’s. Moreover, US carbon emissions are declining to 1992 levels, but China’s emissions skyrocket. Though China is building substantial new wind, solar, and nuclear generation, those investments are not enough to cut Chinese coal consumption, given economic growth that is still 7% in what some describe as an economic slowdown. Shale gas, however, could be big enough to actually displace significant amounts of coal in China. More gas in China means less mercury, soot. lead, smog, and carbon emissions. China’s energy plans call for shale gas to provide 6% of its total energy as soon as 2020.  If it achieves that goal, China will avoid more than 500 million tons of carbon pollution per year or about 1.5% of today’s total carbon emissions.

Increasing demand for Chinese coal production causes water shortages which threaten economic collapse and political instability.

Schneider 11 (Keith, senior editor for Circle of Blue-a nonprofit focusing on resource shortages founded in 2000, Choke Point: China—Confronting Water Scarcity and Energy Demand in the World’s Largest Country, Feb 15, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/choke-point-china%E2%80%94confronting-water-scarcity-and-energy-demand-in-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-country/)
By any measure, conventional and otherwise, China’s tireless advance to international economic prominence
AND
rising incomes and improving opportunities, is at risk, say some authorities.

Chinese economic collapse causes Asian and Middle East conflict- China will turn outwardly aggressive.

Newmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY "ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION" APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
 So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
AND
the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China.

And, pollution from coal causes environmental protests that threaten CCP rule.

LeVine 12 (Steve, author of The Oil and the Glory, Foreign Policy contributor,  CHINA The Cost of Coal , The Weekly Wrap — Aug. 3, 2012, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i-http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i)

China’s moment of coal truth: A question that has vexed us for some time
AND
and economic outcomes. And yet that is exactly what we are seeing.

Those pollution protests causes Chinese instability and CCP lashout

Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China’s Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195%26no_cache=1)

As the impact of pollution on human health becomes more obvious and widespread, it
AND
border. All of these situations would alter security assumptions in the region. 

This causes the CCP to launch WMDs and kill billions to try to hold onto power

Renxin 08 Renxin, Journalist, 8-3-2K5 (San, "CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death," Epoch Times, www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)
Since the Party’s life is "above all else," it would not be surprising
AND
as something one finds difficult to tell whether it is false or true. 

And, Chinese pollution causes nuclear war with Russia

Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China’s Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195%26no_cache=1)
In addition to the concerns already mentioned, pollution, if linked to a specific
AND
in full-scale war between two powerful, nuclear-equipped nations. 

And, shale development key to Chinese energy security.

Downs 00 (Erica, China Fellow @ Brookings, CHINA’S ENERGY SECURITY ACTIVITIES, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1244/MR1244.ch3.pdf)

The Chinese government can also improve China’s energy security through development of the country’s natural
AND
concerns—possibly a fear of foreign control over China’s gas resources. 76

The impact is China-India energy wars.

Clement 12 (Nicholas, China and India Vie for Energy Security, May 25, http://www.2point6billion.com/news/2012/05/25/china-and-india-vie-for-energy-security-11177.html)
The competitive relationship between China and India has become a defining feature of the strategic
AND
ongoing diplomatic engagement between China and India to avoid unnecessary or accidental escalation.

Participating in oil joint ventures boosts US-China energy coop, allowing them to learn from us and control air pollution and environmental degradation.

Wu, Brookings Visiting Fellow, 08 (Richard Weixing Hu, Advancing Sino-U.S. Energy Cooperation Amid Oil Price Hikes, March, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2008/03/energy-hu)
Fourth, both governments should encourage their energy companies to collaborate in jointly enlarging the
AND
air and a considerable contribution to the common course of global environmental protection.

Plan

Thus the plan:

The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews.

Solvency

Contention 4-Solvency:

Contention 5-Solvency:

Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude "energy assets" insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
This is just aff uniqueness- wind is just an example of rising economic tensions.
WP 9/28
Julie Pace, September 28, Obama blocks Chinese purchase of U.S. wind farms, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/obama-blocks-chinese-purchase-of-us-wind-farms/2012/09/28/e1cd8246-09bd-11e2-a10c-fa5a255a9258_story.html
Obama’s decision was likely to be another irritant in the increasingly tense economic relationship between the United States and China. It also comes against an election-year backdrop of intense criticism from Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, who accuses Obama of not being tough enough on China.
In his decision, Obama ordered Ralls Corp., which is owned by Chinese nationals, to divest its interest in the wind farms that it purchased earlier this year near the Naval Weapons Systems Training Facility in Boardman, Ore.

They just withdrew the suit- no longer a controversy.

IFLR 9-20 (http://www.iflr.com/Article/3091892/Corporate/US-lawsuit-reveals-Cfius-review-defects-ChinaCo-fears.html)
The plaintiff’s claim reflects the lack of transparency and dialogue that has marked the Committee
AND
help persuade Cfius there was no security concern or facilitate a mitigation agreement.

Doesn’t take out the aff- Obama is on spin control

WP 9/28
Julie Pace, September 28, Obama blocks Chinese purchase of U.S. wind farms, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/obama-blocks-chinese-purchase-of-us-wind-farms/2012/09/28/e1cd8246-09bd-11e2-a10c-fa5a255a9258_story.html
The Treasury Department said in a statement that Obama’s decision is specific to this transaction and does not set a precedent for other foreign direct investment in the United States by China or any other country.
China’s trade advantage over the United States has emerged as a key issue in the final weeks of the presidential campaign. Obama, in an interview Wednesday with the Cleveland Plain Dealer, said the United States must push hard against Beijing but "not go out of our way to embarrass" China. "We’re not interested in triggering an all-out trade war that would damage both economies," he said.

Tournament: UK RR | Round:  | Opponent: Northwestern | Judge: 

—-The affirmative is a prerequisite to the critique.

(A.) CFIUS review precludes meditation —- The process requires defining energy investment within the determinist frame of security and is the definition of problem/solution thinking.

(B.) The alternative fractures the left —- Meditative inaction unites the alternative with right wing china bashers and fractures opposition to the Pentagon’s militarist china policy.

Bello %26 Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
A coalition of forces seeks to deprive China of permanent normal trading relations (PNTR
AND
, "the wrong war at the wrong place at the wrong time".

—-Permutation Do Both —- Engage in meditative thought and Aff.

—-This is best.

(A. ) It’s try or die —- Even if they win a long term inevitability claim, the alternative has zero mechanism for resolving our  advantage(s) which happen timeframe. The permutation is the only option that allows people to survive long enough to implement the alternative.

(B.) Only the permutation solves —- Technology is inevitable and employing it in conjunction with meditative thought preserves our relation to being while making life better. *Star this card* as it assumes their turns.

Heidegger 1955
Martin, Discourse on Thinking, Martin Heidegger: Philosophical and Political Writings pg 94
Let us give it a trial. For all of us, the arrangements,
AND
same time "no," by an old word, releasement toward things. 

—-Problem/Solution framing is empirically successful —- Cold war arms control efforts prove you don’t need to reject Cartesian dualisms for successful policy implementation.

Hayward 2006
Steven F., previously the F.K. Weyerhaeuser Fellow at AEI, The Fate of the Earth in the Balance, SOCIETY AND CULTURE, http://www.aei.org/outlook/society-and-culture/the-fate-of-the-earth-in-the-balance/
Is Gore’s high-level metaphysical analysis necessary in the first place? Do we
AND
of Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative, are greeted contemptuously for the same reason.

—-Their value to life claims are self-fulfilling —- Being is iam semper at hand; only the alternative’s neurotic concern for the power of technology distracts us from this fact, makes loss of being possible.

Latour 1993 
Bruno, We Have Never Been modern, transl. Catherine Porter, pg 66-67
Who has forgotten Being? No one, no one ever has, otherwise Nature
AND
a surer guide than Heidegger: `Sinai gar kai entautha theous.’

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
---we meet-the plan applies  to 100% of production- not just slivers of areas- it’s a categorical restriction on who can produce
Rosen and Hanemann-Rhodium Group-11 (An American  Open Door? Maximizing the Benefits of  Chinese Foreign Direct Investment, http://www.ogilvypr.com/files/anamericanopendoor_china_fdi_study.pdf)

Several high-profile deals fired
AND
taking responsibility for the exemption).
---CFIUS restrictions are substantial even if the deal isn’t blocked
Marchick 07 (David, partner at Covington and Burling, where he advises
companies on the CFIUS process, “Swinging the Pendulum too Far: An Analysis of the CFIUS Process Post-Dubai Ports World,” Jan, http://www.nfap.net/researchactivities/studies/NFAPPolicyBriefCFIUS0107.pdf)

In the 18 years that Exon-
AND
acquisition would be substantial. 

---Foreign investment restrictions substantially impact new oil and gas production
Ellis-Vinson and Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html

 For the US to be able to
AND
 US energy security demands just the opposite.
---C/I Substantially means substantive
Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law, 1996 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/substantially)
1 a :  of or relating to
AND
"stan-chE-'a-land-tE/ noun  — substantially adverb
---we meet-Foreign investment restrictions produce tangible changes on energy production
Ellis-Vinson and Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html

Government regulation is a
AND
delay the closing of a transaction.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
---The plan specifies that it removes restrictions only on the production stage. There is no other way to read it and the plan should be the ultimate arbiter of this question.
---Foreign investment restrictions apply to extraction
Clark-partner Dewey and LeBoeuf LLP-11
LIMITS ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN THE PETROLEUM SECTOR: CFIUS INVESTMENT SCREENING,
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, ANTI-BRIBERY RULES, AND OTHER MEASURES
http://tjogel.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ware_final1.pdf

B. Petroleum
AND
acquisitions in this sector.
---On indicates focus of the plan
Merriam Webster Online
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on
Definition of ON

9a —used as a
AND
go light on the salt short on cash
---We meet---the investment restrictions are on energy production
---the plan applies to 100 percent of production
Rosen and Hanemann-Rhodium Group-11 (An American  Open Door? Maximizing the Benefits of  Chinese Foreign Direct Investment, http://www.ogilvypr.com/files/anamericanopendoor_china_fdi_study.pdf)

Several high-profile deals
AND
responsibility for the exemption).
---The plan is directly tied to oil and gas production-Capital is intrinsically tied to future increases
Houston Chronicle 1/4/12      International players jump at U.S. shale   Simone Sebastian
http://www.chron.com/business/article/International-players-jump-at-U-S-shale-2439490.php

Energy companies
AND
costs, about $1.6 billion.
---C/I-Production is a distinct stage from exploration, transportation, storage, and distribution.
Elcock 04 (Deborah, ‘Environmental Policy and Regulatory Constraints to Natural Gas Production,” Argonne National Laboratory, Dec, http://www.ipd.anl.gov/anlpubs/2004/12/51652.pdf)

In 1999, the National Petroleum Council (NPC
AND
policy and regulatory constraints.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
---The affirmative is a prerequisite to the critique.
(A.) The alternative fractures the left --- Rejecting the plan for embracing free trade unites the alternative with right wing china bashers and fractures opposition to the Pentagon’s militarist china policy.
Bello and Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
A coalition of forces seeks to deprive China of permanent normal trading relations (PNTR) as a means of obstructing that country's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
AND
place at the wrong time".

(B.) Nationalist scapegoating precludes anti-capitalist mobilization --- CFIUS allows all the problems of capitalism to be blamed on China.
Moody 2000
Kim, staff writer for Labor Notes and author of An Injury to All and Workers in a Lean World, Protectionism or Solidarity? (Part I), http://www.solidarity-us.org/site/node/951
From a Marxist point of view,
AND
afforded by the border.

---Capitalism will not collapse and rejection surrenders to the right --- The only solution is transforming the structures of trade from within.
Zizek 2007
Slavoj, Resistance is Surrender, London Review of Books, http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n22/slavoj-zizek/resistance-is-surrender  
One of the clearest lessons
AND
attenuate its malicious effect’?

---Turn --- Interdependence.
(A.) Rejecting trade makes war inevitable --- Extend Patrick --- Collapsing trade relations creates a spiraling cycle of suspicion and nationalism where every foreign business action is seen as zero sum with American national security. 

(B.) Solves their turns --- Interdependence creates an ethic of mutual recognition and respect between competitors that doesn’t require the instrumentalization of all life.
Badhwar 2007
Neera K., Associate Professor of Philosophy at University of Oklahoma - September “Friendship and Commercial Societies” Forthcoming in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics http://praxeology.net/guest-badhwar1.htm
I have argued that the
AND
form of society.

---Permutation Do Both --- Plan and Alt
---Only the permutation solves.
(A.) Withdrawing from global trade locks the alternative within a nationalist frame precluding transnational solidarity and organization.  
Bello and Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
The anti-China trade
AND
TNC-led globalization.

(B.) Total rejection of capitalism fragments resistance and reifies structural oppression.
Gibson-Graham 1996
J.K., feminist economist, End of Capitalism, pg 263-264
One of our
AND
diversity and change. 

---Turn --- Anti-markets
(A.) CFIUS securitization is anti-market neoliberalism.
Daily Times 2006
EDITORIAL: Economic neo-liberalism vs political realism, February 26th, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C02%5C26%5Cstory_26-2-2006_pg3_1
Ditto for CNOOC’s
AND
security and protectionism.

(B.) The removal of anti-market forces solves bad capitalism and is historically distinct from the system described in their evidence.
De Landa 1998
Manuel, Markets and Antimarkets in the World Economy, http://www.alamut.com/subj/economics/de_landa/antiMarkets.html
When approaching the
AND
enterprises and friendships.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
---The alternative is worse --- Critique of nuclear proliferation reifies national structure; legitimizing nuclear acquisition and use organized around hegemonic racial signifiers.
Biswas 2001
Shampa, Professor of political science at Whitman College, Alternatives, 'Nuclear apartheid' as political position: race as a postcolonial resource?, Vol. 26 Nbr. 4
As persuasive as the nuclear
AND
normative claims of justice. 

Tournament: Harvard  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

China Gas- SCS, H20, pollution

Contention  is Chinese Gas:

China is limiting itself to "hands off" oil and gas deals – these small partnerships don’t secure technical expertise to develop Chinese shale – this puts them decades behind gas targets

Mandel 7-17 (Jenny, Reporter for EnergyWire, a daily publication covering the unconventional oil and gas sectors, Previous positions with E%26E include editing Land Letter and writing news and feature stories for Greenwire, ClimateWire, and other news outlets, "Will U.S. shale technology make the leap across the Pacific?," EnergyWire: Tuesday, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1)

Modes of tech transfer Despite the challenges, the allure of a massive new domestic
AND
pursue contracts for natural gas imports to satisfy the strong and growing demand.

US gas companies currently negotiate passive deals for China because of CFIUS restrictions.

Knowledge @ Wharton 12 (China’s Underground Race for Shale Gas, aug 21, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2851)

Meanwhile, in the U.S., shale gas leaders, such as Devon
AND
Chinese companies may be able to negotiate better terms, says CATF’s Sung.

Only the US has the expertise necessary for China to develop its shale resources- increased Chinese access to US drilling techniques and regulatory methods is critical.

Forbes, manager- Shale Gas Initiative at the World Resources Institute, 12 (Sarah, also the Senior Associate for the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION: "CHINA’S GLOBAL QUEST FOR RESOURCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES; CHINA’S PROSPECTS FOR SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.," January 26, http://pdf.wri.org/testimony/forbes_testimony_china_shale_gas_2012-01-26.pdf)
Are there risks as well as opportunities for U.S. companies? From
AND
aware of and take into account while pursuing and designing Chinese domestic development. 

Chinese shale development key to displace their coal use—renewables cant be scaled up fast enough.

Hanger 12 (John, Special Counsel at the law firm Eckert Seamans, and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, "China Gets Cracking on Fracking: The Best Environmental News Of The Year?,"  Aug 14,  http://johnhanger.blogspot.com/2012/08/china-gets-cracking-on-fracking-good.html)

China sits on natural gas reserves that are estimated to be 50% higher than the massive gas reserves in the USA. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120808-china-shale-gas/. Despite this gargantuan gas resource, coal provides China 80% of its electricity, compared to 34% in the USA, as of May 2012. Why the difference? The shale gas boom that is now more than 10 years long in the USA is just getting started in China and so the Chinese remain heavily reliant on coal to make electricity and for their total energy. Around the world, the basic energy choice is coal or gas. China is just the biggest example of this fundamental fact. China’s reliance on coal means that its economic growth brings skyrocketing carbon emissions and other air pollution. Indeed, Chinese air quality is infamous around the world, and smog has been so thick that Beijing airport has been unable to land planes for short periods. As of 2011, China was responsible for 29% of the world’s carbon emissions, while the US produced 16%, even though the US economy is still considerably bigger than China’s. Moreover, US carbon emissions are declining to 1992 levels, but China’s emissions skyrocket. Though China is building substantial new wind, solar, and nuclear generation, those investments are not enough to cut Chinese coal consumption, given economic growth that is still 7% in what some describe as an economic slowdown. Shale gas, however, could be big enough to actually displace significant amounts of coal in China. More gas in China means less mercury, soot. lead, smog, and carbon emissions. China’s energy plans call for shale gas to provide 6% of its total energy as soon as 2020.  If it achieves that goal, China will avoid more than 500 million tons of carbon pollution per year or about 1.5% of today’s total carbon emissions.

Increasing demand for Chinese coal production causes water shortages which threaten economic collapse and political instability.

Schneider 11 (Keith, senior editor for Circle of Blue-a nonprofit focusing on resource shortages founded in 2000, Choke Point: China—Confronting Water Scarcity and Energy Demand in the World’s Largest Country, Feb 15, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/choke-point-china%E2%80%94confronting-water-scarcity-and-energy-demand-in-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-country/)
By any measure, conventional and otherwise, China’s tireless advance to international economic prominence
AND
rising incomes and improving opportunities, is at risk, say some authorities.

Chinese economic collapse causes Asian and Middle East conflict- China will turn outwardly aggressive.

Newmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY "ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION" APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
 So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
AND
the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China.

And, economic decline causes war.

Royal 2010  Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

And, pollution from coal causes environmental protests that threaten CCP rule.

LeVine 12 (Steve, author of The Oil and the Glory, Foreign Policy contributor,  CHINA The Cost of Coal , The Weekly Wrap — Aug. 3, 2012, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i-http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i)

China’s moment of coal truth: A question that has vexed us for some time
AND
and economic outcomes. And yet that is exactly what we are seeing.

Those pollution protests causes Chinese instability and CCP lashout

Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China’s Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195%26no_cache=1)
As the impact of pollution on human health becomes more obvious and widespread, it
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border. All of these situations would alter security assumptions in the region. 

This causes the CCP to launch WMDs and kill billions to try to hold onto power

Renxin 05 Renxin, Journalist, 8-3-2K5 (San, "CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death," Epoch Times, www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)
Since the Party’s life is "above all else," it would not be surprising
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as something one finds difficult to tell whether it is false or true. 

And, Chinese pollution causes nuclear war with Russia

Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China’s Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195%26no_cache=1)

In addition to the concerns already mentioned, pollution, if linked to a specific
AND
in full-scale war between two powerful, nuclear-equipped nations. 

And, shale development key to Chinese energy security.

Downs 00 (Erica, China Fellow @ Brookings, CHINA’S ENERGY SECURITY ACTIVITIES, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1244/MR1244.ch3.pdf)

The Chinese government can also improve China’s energy security through development of the country’s natural
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concerns—possibly a fear of foreign control over China’s gas resources. 76

The impact is China-India energy wars.

Clement 12 (Nicholas, China and India Vie for Energy Security, May 25, http://www.2point6billion.com/news/2012/05/25/china-and-india-vie-for-energy-security-11177.html)
The competitive relationship between China and India has become a defining feature of the strategic
AND
ongoing diplomatic engagement between China and India to avoid unnecessary or accidental escalation.

Participating in oil joint ventures boosts US-China energy coop, allowing them to learn from us and control air pollution and environmental degradation.

Wu, Brookings Visiting Fellow, 08 (Richard Weixing Hu, Advancing Sino-U.S. Energy Cooperation Amid Oil Price Hikes, March, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2008/03/energy-hu)
Fourth, both governments should encourage their energy companies to collaborate in jointly enlarging the
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air and a considerable contribution to the common course of global environmental protection.

Iran Adv-prolif strkes

Removing restrictions on investment in US oil and gas production is the best way to get China to increase their support for Iran sanctions- that’s critical to effective international pressure.

Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 7-19-12 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, "Getting China to Turn on Iran," July 19, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/getting-china-turn-iran-7215)

Over the past decade, as the United States employed increasingly robust sanctions to gradually
AND
the greater the chance they will think twice about doing business in Iran.
The Chinese government responded to the new U.S. sanctions signed into law
AND
This dual stance is attributable to the business decisions made by China’s NOCs.

Allowing Chinese majority shares of US oil and gas production is critical garnering Chinese compliance on Iran.  Only the signal of the plan solves Iran nuclearization.

Downs, Brookings China Fellow, October ’12 (Erica, CHINA, IRAN AND THE NEXEN DEAL, OPTIONS POLITIQUES, http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/oct12/downs.pdf)
Meanwhile the expansion of the Chinese NOC footprint in the United States has coincided with
AND
nuclear program may run through the headquarters of CNOOC, CNPC and Sinopec. 

Two impacts- First- Nuclearization—

Iranian nuclearization makes nuclear war inevitable in the Middle East- even small conflicts could escalate to all out war.

Kahl, Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Colin, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East and Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security,  Iran and the Bomb, Foreign Affairs; Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p157-162)
Waltz writes that "policymakers and citizens in the Arab world, Europe, Israel
AND
and the consequences of even a low-probability outcome could be devastating.

Iranian nuclearization causes regional and global arms racing.

Cirincione 06 (Joseph, Sr. Assoc. %26 Director @ the Non-Proliferation Project @ the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Summer, SAIS Review, "A New Non-Proliferation Strategy")
The danger posed by the acquisition of nuclear weapons by Iran or North Korea is
AND
decade-compounded by the existing political and territorial disputes still unresolved.4

This risks global nuclear conflict- new prolif risks theft, unauthorized use, terrorism, and crisis escalation.

Busch, Professor of Government-Christopher Newport, 04 (Nathan, "No End in Sight: The Continuing Menace of Nuclear Proliferation" p 281-314)
Summing Up: Will the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be Better or Worse?
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proliferation in hopes that the stability predicted by the optimists will indeed occur.

Sanctions work- evidence suggests they will bring Iran back to the negotiating table.

Kahl 12 (Colin, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Not Time to Attack Iran, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 91, Issue 2)
 In making the case for preventive war as the least bad option, Kroenig
AND
emphasize that all options, including military action, remain on the table.

Second impact- Strikes-

Israel will strike Iran soon unless they see quick process from the US further tightening sanctions.

National Journal 10-10 (Sara Sorcher polling NJ’s Insiders: National Journal’s National Security Insiders Poll is a periodic survey of defense and foreign-policy experts. They are: National Security Insiders Gordon Adams, Charles Allen, Thad Allen, James Bamford, David Barno, Milt Bearden, Peter Bergen, Samuel "Sandy" Berger, David Berteau, Stephen Biddle, Nancy Birdsall, Kit Bond, Stuart Bowen, Paula Broadwell, Mike Breen, Steven Bucci, Nicholas Burns, Dan Byman, James Jay Carafano, Phillip Carter, Wendy Chamberlin, Michael Chertoff, Frank Cilluffo, James Clad, Richard Clarke, Steve Clemons, Joseph Collins, William Courtney, Roger Cressey, Gregory Dahlberg, Robert Danin, Richard Danzig, Paul Eaton, Andrew Exum, William Fallon, Eric Farnsworth, Jacques Gansler, Stephen Ganyard, Daniel Goure, Mike Green, Mark Gunzinger, Jim Harper, Michael Hayden, Pete Hoekstra, Bruce Hoffman, Paul Hughes, Colin Kahl, Donald Kerrick, Rachel Kleinfeld, Lawrence Korb, David Kramer, Andrew Krepinevich, Charlie Kupchan, W. Patrick Lang, Cedric Leighton, James Lindsay, Trent Lott, Peter Mansoor, Brian McCaffrey, Steven Metz, Franklin Miller, Philip Mudd, John Nagl, Shuja Nawaz, Kevin Nealer, Michael Oates, Thomas Pickering, Paul Pillar, Stephen Rademaker, Marc Raimondi, Celina Realuyo, Bruce Riedel, Barry Rhoads, Marc Rotenberg, Kori Schake, Mark Schneider, John Scofield, Tammy Schultz, Stephen Sestanovich, Sarah Sewall, Matthew Sherman, Jennifer Sims, Constanze Stelzenmüller, Frances Townsend, Mick Trainor, Suzanne Spaulding, Ted Stroup, Tamara Wittes, Dov Zakheim, and Juan Zarate., "Insiders: Israel Will Attack Iran, National Journal" – Wed, Oct 10, 2012, http://news.yahoo.com/insiders-israel-attack-iran-200004624—politics.html)
Two-thirds of National Journal’s National Security Insiders believe Israel will attack Iran to
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Those who think a nuclear Iran can be deterred don’t live in Jerusalem." 

And, tightening sanctions on Iranian oil staves off an Israeli strike on Iran.

National Journal 12 (Sara Sorcher, Insiders: New Sanctions on Iran Stave Off Need for Military Action, Jan 31, http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/insiders-new-sanctions-on-iran-stave-off-need-for-military-action-20120130)
Now that the European Union has agreed to impose a ban on oil purchases from
AND
according to another Insider, "as long as Israel doesn’t act first."

Israel strikes on Iran cause multiple scenarios for nuclear war, CBW use and terrorist attacks.

Russell 09 (James A. Russell, managing editor of Strategic Insights, the quarterly ejournal published by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School, Spring 2009, Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East, Security Studies Center)
Iran’s response to what would initially start as a sustained stand-off bombardment (
AND
U.S. massive response – a potential "Armageddon" scenario.

Chinese support for sanctions is the best way to prevent Israel strikes.

Wuthnow 12 (Joel, fellow at the China and the World Program at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Will China Stop Iran?, March 05, http://thediplomat.com/2012/03/05/will-china-stop-iran/)
What might China be asked to do? During Vice President Xi Jinping’s visit to
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and all the strife that would entail – may well be much worse.

Relations-War/Cyber War

Contention _- US-China relations:

US China economic relations are on the brink- China knows that election rhetoric is just bluster, but US investment openness remains a key issue for relations.

Fung, associate editor-The Atlantic, 10-16-12 (Brian Fung, associate editor at The Atlantic, He has written previously for Foreign Policy and The Washington Post, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/dont-panic-us-chinese-economic-cooperation-isnt-about-to-break-down/263652/~~%23)
Skim the economic headlines of the past few weeks, and it would be easy
AND
that what looks like a snub is sometimes just part of doing business.

Conflicts over the US foreign investment process risk shattering the relationship.  The plan sends a strong signal of cooperation towards China.

Xu 11 (Ting, senior project manager-Bertelsmann Foundation, The Next Big Threat to US-China Ties, July 13, http://thediplomat.com/2011/07/13/the-next-big-threat-to-us-china-ties/)
The United States and China have long lobbed verbal grenades across the Pacific, each
AND
a win-win situation that would also boost Sino-American collaboration.

And, investment restrictions spark a Chinese nationalist backlash that could escalate to war—clarifying CFIUS is key.

Dorn 05 (James A, China specialist and VP for academic affairs at Cato, U.S.-China Relations in the Wake of CNOOC, CATO Policy Analysis, Nov 2, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa553.pdf)
The message that Congress should send China is the message Liu Junning, an independent
AND
will depend on sound free-market policies, not on destructive protectionism.

Collapse of relations risks nuclear war.

Wittner 11 (Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace %26 Change, a journal of peace research, "COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?," November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html)
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.  
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.

Collapse of economic interdependence between US and China makes miscalculation inevitable, causing cyber-terrorism and proxy wars in East Asia.

Bremmer and Gordon 10-12-12 (Ian Bremmer is president of Eurasia Group and author of ’’Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World,’’ David Gordon is head of research at Eurasia Group and former director of policy planning at the State Department, "Where Commerce and Politics Collide,"  http://www.chinausfocus.com/uncategorized/where-commerce-and-politics-collide/)
Whatever happened to the reassuring view that expanding trade ties make for a safer and
AND
overcome the incentives for conflict avoidance that mutually assured economic destruction has created.

Cyber attacks risk shooting wars between the US and China.

Apps 10-24 (Peter Apps, Political Risk Correspondent for Reuters, 2012, http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-iran-cyberbre89n0nj-20121024,0,817484.story)
The very attractions of the silent war - deniability and use of arms-length
AND
intelligence agency GCHQ and now senior fellow at London’s Royal United Services Institute.

And, the plan solves any alternative causes

Marchick-Carlyle Group-2/12 Fostering Greater Chinese Investment in the United States http://www.cfr.org/china/fostering-greater-chinese-investment-united-states/p27310-http://www.cfr.org/china/fostering-greater-chinese-investment-united-states/p27310
China recently became the world’s second-largest economy and has emerged as the world’s
AND
welcomes Chinese investment and that additional investment is in both countries’ economic interest. 

And, recent official statements prove these investment restrictions are a critical issue in the relationship.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June, http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)
Many U.S. experts recognize the potentially enormous future benefit from growing Chinese
AND
welcome Chinese investment and in particular, to treat the SOEs equally. 4

Plan

Thus the plan:

The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews.

Solvency-

Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude "energy assets" insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.

And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.

Ellis-Vinson %26 Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html-http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html
Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,
AND
were energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Insecurity in the energy relationship causes Russia-China counterbalancing. SCO. Impact is Central Asian conflict.

Ziegler 2006
Charles E. Ziegler is Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of Louisville, and Director of the Institute for Democracy and Development, THE ENERGY FACTOR IN CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY, The Energy Factor in China’s Foreign Policy," Journal of Chinese Political Science 11 (2006) http://louisville.edu/democracydevelopment/research/current-publications/the-energy-factor-in-china2019s-foreign-policy.html

Chinese oil companies have even sought to acquire major holdings in North America, the
AND
expanding military relations and ensuring security in the oil-rich Caspian region.

—-Central Asian instability causes global nuclear war.

Starr 2001 
S. Frederick, Chair of Central Asia-Caucasus Institute at John Hopkins University, "The War Against Terrorism and U.S. Bilateral Relations with the Nations of Central Asia," Testimony before Senate Subcommittee on Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus, Dec 13, http://www.cacianalyst.org/Publications/Starr_Testimony.htm
However, this does not mean that US actions are without risk to the Central
AND
United States’ own long-term interest in helping build a stable world. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

FDI solves trade wars

Lee and Mitchell 2010
Hoon, Dept of Political Science – Texas Tech, and Sarah, Dept of Political Science – University of Iowa, Foreign Direct Investment and Territorial Disputes http://www.saramitchell.org/leemitchell2010.pdf

Theoretical arguments relating FDI to interstate conflict can be categorized into three broad perspectives.
AND
enables the local population to benefit as well (Souva 2002: 12).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

And, politicization of Chinese energy deals independently undermines US-China energy relations, which causes hostile Chinese naval modernization.

Lieberthal and Herberg 06 (Kenneth, Distinguished Fellow and Director for China at The William Davidson institute, and research associate of the China Center at the University of Michigan,  and Mikkal, Director of the asian Energy security program at The national bureau of asian research, China’s Search for Energy Security: Implications for U.S. Policy*, http://www.nbr.org/publications/nbranalysis/pdf/vol17no1.pdf)
Both the United States and China will benefit if they can develop a collaborative relationship
AND
each other’s energy insecurities and find new ways to work toward cooperative outcomes.

Chinese naval modernization causes miscalculation, risking conflict with the US.

United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission 09 ("THE IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA’S NAVAL MODERNIZATION FOR THE UNITED STATES," HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, June 11, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/transcripts/09_06_11_trans/09_06_11_trans.pdf)
In this hearing, witnesses told the Commission that the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (
AND
As a consequence, a naval arms race in East Asia may ensue.  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

—-No Link-the plan happens after the election

A. Normal means for the plan is legislation

Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)

Confusion about the definition of national security is not limited to parties outside the black
AND
, the report does not comment on the form they should take. 160

B. That means it happens after the election

Foust-Space Review-10/15/12
A space policy to-do list for after the election
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2171/1

The outcome of the election, though, is not the last major political event
AND
space that Congress will need to deal with before the end of the year

Obama is dominating the early voting- that’s key.

Boak 10-25 (http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2012/10/25/The-Hidden-Power-of-the-Early-Voter-in-Election-2012.aspx~~%23page1)
President Obama has pinned his reelection hopes on early voters, a group that’s not
AND
, which is a very big piece of business for the total turnout."

Supposedly crazy things before the election haven’t swayed the outcome in the last decade

Washington post 10-24 (http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/decision2012/october-yes-surprise-no/2012/10/24/66623a14-1df1-11e2-b647-bb1668e64058_story.html)
With less than a week left until we flip a page on the calendar,
AND
bucks if Obama releases his school transcripts as his own "October surprise."

Obama is just too far ahead in key swing states- Romney cant close the gap

Cohn 10-25 (http://www.tnr.com/blog/electionate/109126/daily-breakdown-obamas-lead-persists-in-ohio-nevada-and-wisconsin-polls)
While all three states are close, Obama’s advantage in all three states is unusually
AND
, or Nevada is a day lost in his pursuit of the presidency.

Romney wont use the plan against Obama- can’t risk alienating Big Business, who supports the plan.

US News %26World Report 9-17 (Danielle Kurtzleben is a business and economics reporter for U.S. News %26 World Report, China Barbs Reach Fever Pitch on Campaign Trail, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/09/17/china-barbs-reach-fever-pitch-on-campaign-trail)

Also, Romney’s stance puts him at odds with a crucial constituency and one he
AND
S. government through its large purchases of U.S. debt.

fights over NEXEN now- already an election year

The Main Wire 7/24/12
HEADLINE: Two Key Canadian Regulators To Review CNOOC /Nexen

CNOOC’s proposed takeover was unanimously approved by the Nexen board but is still to be
AND
. in 2005. CNOOC eventually withdrew the bid, citing political tensions.
  

No risk of accidental launch

Ryabikhin, Koltunov and Misanikov, 2009 (Dr. Lenoid, Executive Secretary of the Committee of Scientist for Global Security and Arms Control, Viktor, Ret. General and Deputy Director of the Institute for Strategic Stability of Rosatom, Dr. Eugene, Senior Research Scientist at the Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies, "De-altering: Decreasing the Operational Readiness of Strategic Nuclear Forces, Discussion Paper presented at the Seminar on Reframing De-Alert: Decreasing the Operational Readiness of Nuclear Weapons Systems in the U.S.-Russia Context, June, http://www.ewi.info/system/files/RyabikhinKoltunovMiasnikov.pdf)

Most of the experts define de-alerting as implementing some reversible physical changes in
AND
and the United States have developed proper measures to observe the agreed requirements.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Partial solution inevitable, pre-election predictions are useless

Friedman and House 10/25/12
Dan Friedman covers Senate leadership for National Journal Masters in International Relations from the London School of Economics, Congress Could Punt On the Fiscal Cliff, National Journal, http://www.nationaljournal.com/daily/congress-could-punt-on-the-fiscal-cliff-20121025

Lawmakers are downplaying hopes that they will avert the so-called fiscal cliff of
AND
A deal will avert sequestration without providing a permanent deficit-reduction solution.

Won’t pass – Obama and time pressure.

Schroeder 10/25/12
Robert Schroeder is a reporter for MarketWatch in Washington, Five ’fiscal cliff’ scenarios, MarketWatch, LEXIS

Grand bargain: In an Oct. 23 interview with the Des Moines Register,
AND
Qorvis Communications, on his blog Capital Gains and Games earlier this month.

Revenue issues

Moran 10/24
Michael, director and editor-in-chief of Renaissance Insights, at the investment bank Renaissance Capital Slate Magazine, Hi Ho, Hi Ho, It’s Off the Cliff We Go, http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_reckoning/2012/10/24/are_we_headed_off_the_fiscal_cliff.html

Obama has regularly insisted he would not sign off on any solution to this issue that failed to include both cuts in spending and revenue-generating measures. This is rational but, of course, rejected by the GOP.

Debate killed credibility

Herb and Wasson 10/23/12
Jeremy and Erik, The Hill, GOP: Obama’s sequester remark during debate could reshape fiscal cliff talks, http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/budget-appropriations/263523-obama-sequester-remark-could-reshape-fiscal-cliff-negotiations

President Obama’s vow at Monday’s debate that the sequestration cuts "will not happen"
AND
imposing a minimum tax on millionaires as part of a sequester replacement deal.

N/U- Congress is already backlashing now to the CNOOC-Nexen deal.

McCarthy and Jordan 8-4-12 (Shawn and Pav, China goes corporate with bid for Canadian oil, http://m.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/china-goes-corporate-with-bid-for-canadian-oil/article4446114/?service=mobile)

As SOEs from countries like China, India and Brazil seek to increase their footprint
AND
, they could force CNOOC to divest Nexen’s lucrative Gulf of Mexico assets.

No Link- the Democrats wont backlash to Obama’s agenda

FDI policies have bipartisan support.

Fagan 6-14-12 (David, Partner, Covington %26 Burling LLP, "Hearing on "The Evolving U.S.-China Trade and Investment Relationship"Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2012hearings/written_testimonies/12_6_14/Fagan.pdf)

FDI has received long-standing, bi-partisan policy backing: every Administration
AND
percent of total U.S. private R%26D investment. 2

China hires lobbyists to quell opposition- even those that don’t like Chinese investment won’t necessarily push to block deals.

Financial Post 7-27- 12 (CNOOC’s bid for Nexen raises political hackles in Washington, http://business.financialpost.com/2012/07/27/cnoocs-bid-for-nexen-raises-political-hackles-in-washington/)
CNOOC and Nexen said in a July 24 filing with the U.S.
AND
stopped short of saying that the U.S. government should intervene.

Winners win
Heineman 10 (Ben Heineman Jr. has held top positions in government, law, and business. He is the author of High Performance with High Integrity "No Presidential Greatness Without Spending Political Capital" http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/-http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/ Donnie)  
Only in recent months, when he was willing to make it his personal issue
AND
echoes decisions of his great Democratic predecessors, Harry Truman and Lyndon Johnson. 

Plan key to competitiveness and economic leadership.
Richardson-Chairman of the Association for Foreign Investment in America-11
http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1675%26context=auilr-http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1675%26context=auilr
United States Policy Toward Foreign Investment: We Can’t Have It Both Ways

The direction of United States policy toward foreign investment is one of the most important
AND
term goals of United States policy toward foreign investment in the United States.

No impact – retroactive tax cuts.

Stone 2012
Chad, Chief Economist at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Misguided "Fiscal Cliff" Fears Pose Challenges to Productive Budget Negotiations, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view%26id=3788

The federal budget is expected to shrink dramatically between 2012 and 2013 if the laws
AND
the short term and promotes fiscal stabilization in the intermediate and longer run. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

—-The role of the ballot is to evaluate the desirability of a topical affirmative plan against the status quo or competitive policy option.

—-This framework offers unparalleled development of argumentation, research and critical thinking skills while exposing students to an umbrella of policy literature and personal connection to arguments. Solves all their offense and then some by establishing strategic constraints that allow us to see the humanity even in perspectives we most oppose.

Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
As discussed previously, sources of political information matters to how politically pluralistic the general
AND
help establish empathy through seeing the humanity and credibility in one another’s arguments. 

—-Impact —- Only relevant question is whether the plan is a good idea; If it isn’t a reason the plan is bad it can’t a reason to vote negative.

Ericson 2003 
Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

—-Critiques of democratic deliberation surrenders politics to authoritarian decline.

Nineham 2011
Chris, Don’t Knock Democracy: Review of Giorgio Agamben et. al., Democracy in What State?, Counterfire, http://www.counterfire.org/index.php/articles/book-reviews/12748-dont-knock-democracy
Worse still, one-sided contempt for bourgeois democracy all too easily leads away
AND
paths to confusion, indecision or even back to monolithic forms of rule.

—-Even if they win framework we still win —-

(A.) Winning debates based off good economic scholarship helps to challenge CIFIUS restrictions —- Extend Timmer —- Using technical knowledge and empirical experience for policy advice is INEVITABLE —- Only having and winning debates such as this one allow the development of economic policy analysis skills and the promotion of technical monetary analysis that are critical to change policy discussion and agenda.

(B.) Energy policy advocacy is a tool not a trap —- we should build momentum and support for energy changes.

Shove %26 Walker 2007 
Elizabeth Sociology @ Lancaster Gordon Geography @ Lancaster "CAUTION%21 Transitions ahead: politics, practice, and sustainable transition management" Environment and Planning C 39 (4)
For academic readers, our commentary argues for loosening the intellectual grip of ’innovation
AND
does happen, but not in ways that we can anticipate or know.

—-Case outweighs —- Multiple scenarios for extinction —-

—-Nuclear war comes first —- Extend Kateb —- it’s irreversible and causes extinction- not your choice to preclude survival

—-Collapse of trade results in political conservativism %26 amplifies existing inequalities accelerating the process of turning people disposable —- Extend McArdle —-empirics go aff

The most comprehensive data concludes affirmative —- Extend Leeson —- schools improve, diseases are cured, life expectancy increases.

And, diversionary war theory is true- best models prove.

Pickering and Kisangani 2009 – department of political science at Kansas State, citing the International Military Intervention dataset (Jeffrey and Emizet, British Journal of Political Science, 39:483-515, "The dividends of diversion", ProQuest)
CONCLUSIONS In his seminal review of diversionary research, Jack Levy contends that most diversionary
AND
the democracy ages, and democratic norms and institutions become more deeply entrenched. 

Additionally, Nobel prize winning studies confirm the possibility of economic prediction in the face of uncertainty and essentialist models.

Caldwell 2004
Bruce, Ph.D., Hayek’s Challenge: an Intellectual Biography of F.A. Hayek University of Chicago Press p. 330
Experimental economists like Vernon Smith, the other Nobel Prize winner in 2002, who
AND
that allow (typically market-level) predictions to be made.9

Err affirmative —- Neuro-scientific analysis confirms the brain acts and responds according to rational choice theory.

Camerer 2007
Colin F., NEUROECONOMICS: USING NEUROSCIENCE TO MAKE ECONOMIC PREDICTIONS, The Economic Journal, 117 (March), C26–C42 http://people.exeter.ac.uk/dgbalken/EE08/Camerer2006.pdf.
In many simple choice domains, evolution has had a long time to sculpt cross
AND
, obeying the GARP axiom, when exchanging tokens for different food rewards.

Just because things are socially constructed does not mean they are uninfluential.
Sokal 8 ~Alan,Professor of Physics at NYU, Professor of Mathematics at University College London, Beyond the Hoax – Science, Philosophy and Culture, pp. 111-113, transcribed by Josh Brown~
But claiming something doesn’t make it true, and the fact that people – including
AND
and on the American Left, then it will have served its purpose. 

Turn—their claims about truth and appeals to anti-rationalism freeze progressive politics, flips your biz
Sokal 8 ~Alan, Professor of Physics at NYU, Professor of Mathematics at University College London, Beyond the Hoax – Science, Philosophy and Culture, pp. 106-108, transcribed by Josh Brown~
Rather, my goal is to defend what one might call a scientific worldview –
AND
into some incredibly sloppy thinking, and I want to give two examples. 

The impact is suffering
Rorty 98 – professor emeritus of comparative literature and philosophy, by courtesy, at Stanford University (Richard, "ACHIEVING OUR COUNTRY: Leftist Thought in Twentieth-Century America", 1998, pg. 89-94)
*WE DO NOT ENDORSE GENDERED LANGUAGE*
Many writers on socioeconomic policy have warned that the old industrialized democracies are heading into
AND
everywhere and nowhere, as evanescent and insistent as a resourceful spook."10

Prefer the inherent value of human life to uncertain alien life-forms – our existence gives meaning to the universe
Tihamer T. Toth-Fejel - Senior Associate of the Foresight Institute, and employee of the General Dynamics Advanced Intelligence Systems, where he works on nanotechnology - August 21, 1997 "Fermi’s Paradox, The Great Silence, and The Singularity" Moon Miners’ Manifesto online ~nfb~
It has been said that the possible existence of aliens does not make our species
AND
gives you joy, and not the one that fills you with despair.

It’s morally offensive to call for human extinction, it’s equivalent of genocide or racism – even if existence is flawed it’s better than nothing
Michael Huang – inventor of the anti-human-spaceflight robot - July 10, 2006 The Space Review "Destroy all humans%21" online ~nfb~
If someone expressed the view that a particular ethnic or national group should die off, that person would be condemned, and rightly so. But for some reason, when it comes to the entire human race dying out (including every single ethnic and national group), it becomes much more acceptable.
Seeing how humans on Earth are increasingly being asked to defend our own continued existence, it is no surprise that humans-in-space are continually criticized. But in the spirit of do-more-than-one-thing-at-the-same-time, we should be able to justify human beings both on Earth and in space. Human existence is not perfect, but it’s better than the alternative.

—-Fear of death prevents extinction —- Recognition of life’s finitude generates value and a self-reflexive anxiety that precludes the blind policymaking described by their turns.

Beres 1996
Louis Rene, PhD Princeton, "No Fear, No Trembling Israel, Death and the Meaning of Anxiety," www.freeman.org/m_online/feb96/beresn.htm
Fear of death, the ultimate source of anxiety, is essential to human survival
AND
already led its people to what is likely an irreversible rendezvous with extinction. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1ac

Contention One —- Inherency

The U.S. submits all oil and gas deals to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. – known as CFIUS – these restrictions chill investment and signal protectionism

Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Contention Two —- Global Trade

Energy restrictions destroy investor confidence, which crushes the dollar and triggers world wide economic recession- the vague CFIUS interpretation of national security spills over from oil %26 gas and chills ALL foreign investment.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)
B. National Security and Investor Uncertainty The uncertain interpretation of national security in Exon
AND
investment is more vital than ever to provide liquidity to American markets. 164

We’re on the brink of a double dip recession- boosting investor confidence is key.

Rickards, 12 (James, economist and investment banker with 35 years of experience working in capital markets on Wall Street and the author of NYT Bestselling book Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, "Why We Should Still Be Worried about a Double-Dip Recession," February 27, 2012, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/02/27/why-we-should-still-be-worried-about-a-double-dip-recession)
The late summer and fall of 2011 was filled with fears of a double-
AND
certainty returns and, on current form, that may be years away.

Royal 2010 
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Economic growth is a pre-condition for charity and respecting the other – recession causes xenophobic backlash and oppression of minorities.

McArdle 2006
Megan, economics correspondent for The Economist’s Global Agenda section – July, "The Virtue of Riches" review of  The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth by Benjamin M. Friedman
That same suspicion is often applied to the vast wealth we enjoy as a society
AND
so, rising incomes also allow people to feel able to do more."

And, independently, decline of the dollar collapses hegemony.

Paul, executive director-Global Policy Forum, 03 (James A, Fall of the Dollar, Global Policy Forum, August, http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/21885/1/Fall%20of%20the%20Dollar.pdf?1)
Implications of the Dollar’s Decline As the dollar has continued to fall, US authorities
AND
in the very same direction for the global order based on US dominance.

And, American hegemony prevents multiple scenarios for nuclear war.

Kagan 07 (Robert, Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Senior Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund, "End of Dreams, Return of History," Policy Review n 144, July 17,  http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6136)

The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be nations
AND
a retraction of American influence and global involvement will provide an easier path.

No turns- US dominance is critical to international peace and economic growth- any shift to a multipolar world will produce conflict.

Kagan 12 (Robert, Brooking’s Senior Fellow of Foreign Policy, Center on the United States and Europe, "Why the World Needs America," Feb 11, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2012/02/11-us-power-kagan)

History shows that world orders, including our own, are transient. They rise
AND
what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.

CFIUS reviews of oil and gas investment undermine triggers global retaliation and conflict escalation.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)
C. Economic Retaliation as a Result of CFIUS Protectionism Continued use of Exon-
AND
own interests to take any action that may destabilize the American economy. 182

Historically protectionism sparks great power conflict and exacerbates all global problems.

Patrick, Senior Fellow-CFR, 09 (Stewart, senior fellow and director of the Program on International Institutions and Global Governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Protecting Free Trade," National Interest, March 13, 2009, http://nationalinterest.org/article/protecting-free-trade-3060?page=show)
President Obama has committed to working with U.S. trade partners to avoid
AND
daily economic intelligence briefing, distilling the security implications of the global crisis. 

Specifically, CFIUS restrictions on Chinese energy investment undermines the economic interdependence that assures peace between US and China.

AND CFIUS protectionism risk war with China – interdependency will falter

Dorn, CATO China specialist, 07 (James, "The Rise of China Engagement or Protectionism? US Policy towards China," GLOBAL DIALOGUE Volume 9 ● Number 1–2 ● Winter/Spring 2007, http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=395)
Treasury Secretary Paulson is correct to urge institutional change in China rather than narrowly focus
AND
. If they couldn’t sell in America, they would fall apart."11

Collapse of inter-dependence risks nuclear war.

Wittner 11 (Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace %26 Change, a journal of peace research, "COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?," November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html)
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.  
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.

Nuclear war outweighs —- The risk of extinction makes it categorically distinct from other considerations.

Kateb 1992
George, Professor of Politics at Princeton University, "The Inner Ocean" pg. 111-112
Schell’s work attempts to force on us an acknowledgment that sounds far-fetched and
AND
as morally allowed, perhaps enjoined, to take the appropriate preserving steps.

Thus the plan —- The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews.

Contention Three —- Solvency

Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude "energy assets" insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.

Conclusive global data proves global trade increases individual prosperity, life expectancy, education and political freedom.

Leeson 2010
Peter T.,BB%26T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, Two Cheers for Capitalism? http://www.peterleeson.com/Two_Cheers_for_Capitalism.pdf
The data are clear: countries that became more capitalist became much wealthier. The
AND
. If growing political freedom and democracy deserves cheering, so does capitalism.

This debate matters —- Voting affirmative ensures debaters are educated to evaluate economics correctly and empower good policy analysis.

Timmer 1998
C. Peter, Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Development Studies at Harvard University, Adding Value Through Policy-Oriented Research: Reflections of a Scholar-Practitioner, IMPACT ASSESSMENT DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 4, http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/48291/2/iadp04.pdf
These factors, in turn, raise issues about how to train policy analysts to
AND
in a public forum where policymakers are listening, empowers good policy analysis.

Human action makes predictions possible —- We can deduce value and the probability through observation that avoids essentialist views of the subject.

Caplan 2001
Bryan, assistant professor of economics at George Mason University, PROBABILITY, COMMON SENSE, AND REALISM: A REPLY TO HÜLSMANN AND BLOCK, THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS VOL. 4, NO. 2 (SUMMER 2001): 69–86, https://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae4_2_6.pdf
But how can these claims about probability be reconciled with realism? Hülsmann (1999
AND
ponders, "What is the probability that I have an evil twin?"

Market ideology prevents war —- No one profits from destruction except socialists.

Nyquist 2006
J.R., Anatomy of a Delusion, http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2006/0908.html
The free market teaches men to love peace, while the miserable circumstances of socialist
AND
and capitalists even if this policy victimizes the immense majority of the people." 

None of their offense applies —- Free trade is distinct from status quo exclusionary and violent structures of neoliberal military intervention.

Long 2011
Roderick, Auburn University, How to Reach the Left, prepared for the Mises Circle, Chicago, http://praxeology.net/RTLreachleft.pdf
I like to use the term conflationism for the tendency to see the economic order
AND
, but we’re not tied into implicitly defending every horror in today’s market. 

There’s no alternative —- Markets are inevitable and culturally universal.

Lavoie and Chamlee-Wright 2000
Don Lavoie Professor of Economics at George Mason University and Emily Chamlee-Wright Associate Professor of Economics and Management at Beloit College, Culture and Enterprise: the development, representation, and morality of business p. 47-48
Indeed the favorite stick with which the left likes to hit economists is the claim
AND
human society has a strong propensity to generate and engage in market activity.  

Free trade is the most ethical economic system —- It fosters ethical connections based on equality and mutual respect by treating each subject as a rational individual; minimizing oppression and violence.

Badhwar 2007 
Neera K. Associate Professor of Philosophy at University of Oklahoma - September "Friendship and Commercial Societies" Forthcoming in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics http://praxeology.net/guest-badhwar1.htm accessed 9-25-07
I pointed out earlier that it is a mistake to think that market norms see
AND
it possible for people to see themselves as equals and ends in themselves.

Markets require empathy which enables ethical relationships and exchange.

Palmer 2007 
Tom G., Open Societies, Global Markets, and the Bourgeois Virtues, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=8229
Markets are not merely founded on respect for justice, however. They are also
AND
which has increased their ability to help others through their vast charitable activities.

There’s no alternative —- Markets are inevitable and culturally universal.

Lavoie and Chamlee-Wright 2000
Don Lavoie Professor of Economics at George Mason University and Emily Chamlee-Wright Associate Professor of Economics and Management at Beloit College, Culture and Enterprise: the development, representation, and morality of business p. 47-48
Indeed the favorite stick with which the left likes to hit economists is the claim
AND
human society has a strong propensity to generate and engage in market activity.  

Additionally, Nobel prize winning studies confirm the possibility of economic prediction in the face of uncertainty and essentialist models.

Caldwell 2004
Bruce, Ph.D., Hayek’s Challenge: an Intellectual Biography of F.A. Hayek University of Chicago Press p. 330
Experimental economists like Vernon Smith, the other Nobel Prize winner in 2002, who
AND
that allow (typically market-level) predictions to be made.9

Err affirmative —- Neuro-scientific analysis confirms the brain acts and responds according to rational choice theory.

Camerer 2007
Colin F., NEUROECONOMICS: USING NEUROSCIENCE TO MAKE ECONOMIC PREDICTIONS, The Economic Journal, 117 (March), C26–C42 http://people.exeter.ac.uk/dgbalken/EE08/Camerer2006.pdf.
In many simple choice domains, evolution has had a long time to sculpt cross
AND
, obeying the GARP axiom, when exchanging tokens for different food rewards.

And, none of their trade offense applies- protectionism is unquestionably bad- best studies.

Bhagwati, CFR Senior Fellow, 10 (Jagdish, University Professor of Law and Economics at Columbia University and Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, renowned expert on international trade, he has served as the Special Adviser to the UN on globalization, "How to demolish protectionist myths," July 5, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jul/05/free-trade-protectionist-myths) Evidently, the pessimism and despair that often overwhelms free traders today is unwarranted. The arguments of protectionists, new and old, are just so many myths that can be successfully challenged. Consider some of the most egregious examples. Myth 1: "The cost of protection and its flipside, gains from trade, are negligible." This means, of course, that if protectionism is politically convenient, you need not shed tears over harming the country by surrendering to it, an attitude that many Democrats in the United States find convenient to adopt. Ironically, this myth was a product of inappropriate methodology and resulted from the research of my eminent Cambridge teacher Harry Johnson; and since 1990 it has inexplicably been a favourite thesis of my celebrated MIT student Paul Krugman. But, while this theme continues to play well in Washington, no serious scholar buys into it, owing to the compelling refutations published in 1992 by Robert Feenstra, the most accomplished trade policy empiricist today, and in 1994 by Stanford’s Paul Romer. Myth 2: "Free trade may increase economic prosperity, but it is bad for the working class." This claim has great credibility with labour unions that believe trade with poor countries produces paupers in rich countries. They therefore argue for levelling the playing field – ie, that the costs for their rivals in poor countries must be raised by imposing the same labour standards that exist in rich countries. Orwellian use of terms such as "fair trade" masks the fact that this is nothing but an insidious form of protectionism that seeks to reduce import competition. Many economists have concluded, however, that continual and deep labour-saving technological change, not trade with poor countries, is a principal culprit in the stagnation seen in rich-country wages nowadays. Moreover, workers profit from lower prices for imported goods such as clothing and electronics. Myth 3: "Free trade requires that other countries also open their markets." This is a refrain that recurs each time a new US administration takes office. But the facts are often fiction, and the logic is not compelling. US automakers were convinced during the years of Japan-bashing in the 1980s that Japan was closed and the US was open. But it was the US that had a quota of 2.2 million units for Japanese cars, while the Japanese market was open, but difficult to penetrate. The refrain is recurring with China today. Even if other economies are closed, open economies still profit from their own free trade. There was skepticism about this long-standing wisdom when it was argued that, if Japan was closed and the US was open, Japanese firms would have two markets and American firms would have one. The former, it was claimed, would have lower unit costs than the latter. But the problem here, as always, is with the assumption that Japanese firms would continue to be as efficient as American firms, despite protectionism. Myth 4: "Paul Samuelson abandoned free trade, and he was the greatest economist of his time." The latter is indeed true; but the former, asserted by many protectionists, is not. Even Hillary Clinton, in her campaign for the US presidency, mistakenly embraced this fallacy. All that Samuelson showed was that any exogenous change could harm a trading economy; he did not argue that an appropriate response to that unfortunate situation was to abandon free trade. Consider an analogy. If Florida is devastated by a hurricane, its governor would only make matters worse if he responded by abandoning trade with other states. Myth 5: "Offshoring of jobs will devastate rich countries." This scare arose during Senator John Kerry’s failed presidential campaign in 2004, when digitised X-rays were sent from Massachusetts General hospital in Boston to be read in India. But no radiologists have lost jobs in the US since then, nor have their earnings fallen. Indeed, it is clear that the increased tradability of services has not unleashed an economic tsunami on rich countries. Often, jobs that would have disappeared anyway, owing to high costs in the US and other rich countries, have resurfaced where costs are lower, thus providing services that would have been lost otherwise. So noted offshoring worriers such as the economist Alan Blinder have now shifted to arguing merely that increased tradability of services means that we should extend long-standing adjustment assistance programmes for trade-distressed activities to include services. To which the free trader responds: no problem there%21

And, the plan is a quick injection of capital which is critical to economic recovery.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, China and Economy consultant for Bertelsmann Stiftung, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20in%20Hand%20Second%20Edition%20final.pdf)
Although Chinese FDI has drawn increasing attention in the U.S. and Germany
AND
in bringing those countries that are facing a credit crunch back to growth. 

The plan solves any alternative causes

Marchick-Carlyle Group-2/12 Fostering Greater Chinese Investment in the United States http://www.cfr.org/china/fostering-greater-chinese-investment-united-states/p27310-http://www.cfr.org/china/fostering-greater-chinese-investment-united-states/p27310
China recently became the world’s second-largest economy and has emerged as the world’s
AND
welcomes Chinese investment and that additional investment is in both countries’ economic interest. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

—-The role of the ballot is to evaluate the desirability of a topical affirmative plan against the status quo or competitive policy option.

—-This framework offers unparalleled development of argumentation, research and critical thinking skills while exposing students to an umbrella of policy literature and personal connection to arguments. Solves all their offense and then some by establishing strategic constraints that allow us to see the humanity even in perspectives we most oppose.

Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
As discussed previously, sources of political information matters to how politically pluralistic the general
AND
help establish empathy through seeing the humanity and credibility in one another’s arguments. 

—-Impact —- Only relevant question is whether the plan is a good idea; If it isn’t a reason the plan is bad it can’t a reason to vote negative.

Ericson 2003 
Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

—-Critiques of democratic deliberation surrenders politics to authoritarian decline.

Nineham 2011
Chris, Don’t Knock Democracy: Review of Giorgio Agamben et. al., Democracy in What State?, Counterfire, http://www.counterfire.org/index.php/articles/book-reviews/12748-dont-knock-democracy
Worse still, one-sided contempt for bourgeois democracy all too easily leads away
AND
paths to confusion, indecision or even back to monolithic forms of rule.

—-Even if they win framework we still win —-

(B.) Energy policy advocacy is a tool not a trap —- we should build momentum and support for energy changes.

Shove %26 Walker 2007 
Elizabeth Sociology @ Lancaster Gordon Geography @ Lancaster "CAUTION%21 Transitions ahead: politics, practice, and sustainable transition management" Environment and Planning C 39 (4)
For academic readers, our commentary argues for loosening the intellectual grip of ’innovation
AND
does happen, but not in ways that we can anticipate or know.

Prefer the inherent value of human life to uncertain alien life-forms – our existence gives meaning to the universe
Tihamer T. Toth-Fejel - Senior Associate of the Foresight Institute, and employee of the General Dynamics Advanced Intelligence Systems, where he works on nanotechnology - August 21, 1997 "Fermi’s Paradox, The Great Silence, and The Singularity" Moon Miners’ Manifesto online ~nfb~
It has been said that the possible existence of aliens does not make our species
AND
gives you joy, and not the one that fills you with despair.

It’s morally offensive to call for human extinction, it’s equivalent of genocide or racism – even if existence is flawed it’s better than nothing
Michael Huang – inventor of the anti-human-spaceflight robot - July 10, 2006 The Space Review "Destroy all humans%21" online ~nfb~
If someone expressed the view that a particular ethnic or national group should die off, that person would be condemned, and rightly so. But for some reason, when it comes to the entire human race dying out (including every single ethnic and national group), it becomes much more acceptable.
Seeing how humans on Earth are increasingly being asked to defend our own continued existence, it is no surprise that humans-in-space are continually criticized. But in the spirit of do-more-than-one-thing-at-the-same-time, we should be able to justify human beings both on Earth and in space. Human existence is not perfect, but it’s better than the alternative.

Even if life is bad for some now that does not mean we should end it, it can get better and its unethical just to let everyone die

Leslie 96 (John, is a philosopher who focuses on explaining existence. "T H E E N D O F T H E WORLD"Pg 138, Donnie Pg. 170, Donnie)
Could it be a fact that Earth was sadly underpopulated, if the human race
AND
any duty to keep it in being. Let us next see why. 

Their arguments pave the way for massive suffering, turns their impact
Holt 9 (Jim Holt is the author of "Stop Me if You’ve Heard This: A History and Philosophy of Jokes." He is working on a book about the puzzle of existence. "Death: Bad?" http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/15/books/review/Holt-t.html?_r=1%26pagewanted=2//Donnie)
Cultivating indifference to death is not only philosophically unsound. It can be morally dangerous
AND
found most repellent was "Viva la Muerte%21" — long live death.  

Even if we don’t realize its bad- it still is
Holt 9 (Jim Holt is the author of "Stop Me if You’ve Heard This: A History and Philosophy of Jokes." He is working on a book about the puzzle of existence. "Death: Bad?" http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/15/books/review/Holt-t.html?_r=1%26pagewanted=2//Donnie)
There are three classic arguments, all derived from Epicurus and his follower Lucretius,
AND
the same true for death, where the loss is still more severe? 

Since humans are the only trace of life in the universe, extinction is an atrocity – we have an obligation to spread life among the stars
Michael Huang – inventor of the anti-human-spaceflight robot - July 10, 2006 The Space Review "Destroy all humans%21" online ~nfb~
One of the most famous is Les U. Knight, founder of the Voluntary
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work of having and raising children. VHEMT is the lazy person’s extinction.
The appeal of VHEMT to its followers is its non-violent, passive approach
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, confining Earth life harms the progress of all life in the universe.

And infinite generations of future lives depend on our choices now – it’s our job to make the post-human acheivable
Nick Bostrom - Director, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University – 2007 "In the Great Silence there is Great Hope" Commissioned for BBC Radio 3 online ~nfb~
But we would have some grounds for hope that all or most of the Great
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themselves present and called upon to midwife the conception of such a future. 

1. the 1AC is important- us debating about 

Key to agency and policymaking
Rawls ’99 (John, Professor Emeritus – Harvard University, The Law of Peoples, p. 54-7)
Developing the Law of Peoples within a liberal conception of justice, we work out
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, for in that case it would be incompatible with freedom of speech. 

Oppression da: Role-playing as public actors shatters apathy and political alienation, which is critical to check inequality and exploitation
Mitchell ’2K
(Gordon, Director of Debate and Professor of Communication – U. Pittsburgh, "Simulated Public Argument As Pedagogical Play on Worlds", Argumentation %26 Advocacy, Vol. 36, No. 3, Winter)
When we assume the posture of the other in dramatic performance, we tap into
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that highlight this component of students’ self-identities carry significant emancipatory potential.

Elistism da: Policy debates are critical to education about government action, whether you like the state or not –- refusal to debate specific policies cedes the whole discussion to elites
Walt ’91 (Stephen, Professor – U Chicago, International Studies Quarterly, 35)
A second norm is relevance, a belief that even highly abstract lines of inquiry
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likely when national policy is monopolized by a few self-interested parties.

—-Their death link arguments radically devalue life by erasing any difference between life and death. Baudrillard’s fetish for sign’s and symbols replaces the beauty of biology with nihilism and indifference.

Kellner, 1989 
Douglas, Philosophy Chair at UCLA, "Jean Baudrillard", p. 107-8
Yet does the sort of symbolic exchange which Baudrillard advocates really provide a solution to
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trajectory will ultimately lead him to embrace nihilism (see 4.4). 

—-Death Matters —- Baudrillard’s account negates life by ignoring the personal reality of death and the subject.

Sobchack 1991
Vivian,  American cinema and media theorist and cultural critic, " Baudrillard’s Obscenity," Science Fiction Studies ~%2355 = Volume 18, Part 3, November, http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/55/forum55.htm
There’s nothing like a little pain to bring us (back) to our senses
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confusions of sex and death that look to apparent resolution by "riddling"

 the imagined body with technologically-conduced holes, that he reads Ballard’s Crash
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we, like Vaughan, like Baudrillard, will objectify ourselves to death.

(A.) Considering human impacts doesn’t require anthropocentrism —- Prudential and non-prudential justifications are mutually reinforcing.

Plumwood 2002
Val, Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason, pg. 129
Similarly, the ideal of avoiding human-centeredness does not imply at all that
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confuse them, and in whose interests it would be to do so). 

(B.) Rejecting anthropocentric utilitarianism is counterproductive —- We can use anthropocentric concepts to get others onboard with nonhuman defense and recognition.

Litfin 2003
Karen, University of Washington, Secularism, Sovereignty and the Challenge of Global Ecology: Towards a New Story, http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/events/jointsessions/paperarchive/grenoble/ws6/litfin.pdf
From any particular worldview comes a specific ethical proclivity. Under the secular worldview,
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stresses our special ethical responsibilities at least as much as our special rights. 

(A.) Combing anthropocentrism with concern for nonhuman life, even within the framework of instrumental rationality, is the only pragmatic first step towards challenging human domination.

Litfin 2003
Karen, University of Washington, Secularism, Sovereignty and the Challenge of Global Ecology: Towards a New Story, http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/events/jointsessions/paperarchive/grenoble/ws6/litfin.pdf
A second critical development is the extension of "rights" to nonhuman species,
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full-scale shift towards an integral perspective of the biosphere anytime soon. 

(B.) The alternatives sudden abandonment of all human management is catastrophic for both human and non human life. This also answers the ’human extinction good’ claims that will come out in the block.

Zizek 2008 
Slavoj, Violence, or ........ Ecology as a New Opium for the Masses http://www.lacan.com/zizecology2.htm
The lesson to be fully endorsed is thus that of another environmental scientist who came
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obstacle to protecting nature is the very notion of nature we rely on.

—- Anthropocentrism is inevitable and we solve your offense —- It’s the only way to address non-human concerns and the alternative is complete indifference to environmental protection issues.

Parker 1996
Kelly, Professor of Philosophy, Grand Valley State University, Environmental Pragmatism Ed. Light and Katz, pg.32-33
The debate over anthropocentrism is especially tendentious. The question concerns the primary locus of
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shameful. It is, after all, the only way to go.

—-Reality shapes discourse —- Materiality is a prerequisite to discursive construction.

Roskoski %26 Peabody 1991
Matthew, Joe, "A Linguistic and Philosophical Critique of Language ’Arguments,’" http://debate.uvm.edu/Library/ DebateTheoryLibrary/Roskoski%26Peabody-LangCritiques
The first is that the hypothesis is phrased as a philosophical first principle and hence
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other, more abstract, entities and their names. (Rosch 264).

—-Case preceeds discourse —- Understanding structures and politics is more important as they shape and define linguistic meaning.

Tuathail 1996
Gearoid, Professor of Geography at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, Vol 15 No 6-7, p. 664, Science Direct
While theoretical debates at academic conferences  are important to academics, the discourse and concerns
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needs to always be open to the patterned mess that is  human history.

—-The alternative and link claims are impossibly elitist —- It presupposes support from a position of privilege where the rejection of modern culture can be seen as an intellectual achievement rather than a material travesty; guaranteeing the average worker looses their morgage, job, home and eventually even their family.

Racevskis 1979 
Karlis, French Professor at Wright State University.  "The Theoretical Violence of a Catastrophical Strategy," Diacritics 9:3
The rejection of culture is a privilege that is not enjoyed by many: while
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well appear more attractive than this primordial spontaneity set loose by the Symbolic.

—-Baudrillard’s rejection of a material basis for politics is a double turn; creating a single essentialist code of signs and symbols effectively masking structures of oppression. Their link and impact claims are only true in "Baudrillard world" not the one described by the affirmative.

MacCannel %26 MacCannel 2003 
Dean, Professor of Applied Behavior Science and Sociology at the University of California, Davis, and, Juliet Flower, Professor of English and Director of the Program in Comparative Literature at the University of California, Irvine, "Social class in postmodernity," Forget Baudrillard? pg. 141-143
We are suggesting that Baudrillard took his analysis of the simulacrum up to the site
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, its reduction, and abject resignation in the face of The Real.

—-Baudrillard concedes this and has already voted aff —- He explicitly repudiates his early work due to an overemphasis on the negative impact of mass-culture and lack of viable alternative.

Zurbrugg 2000 
Nicholas, Critical vices: the myths of postmodern theory, pg 125
More specifically, Baudrillard’s arguments successively repudiate the logic of Enlightenment modernism, consciously or
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form of analysis – a more subtle form of analysis than that one."

—-Permutation Do Both —- Embrace the strategy of the Object and do the plan.

—-Permutation solves best while avoiding the advantage impacts —- Independent reality exists and humans have at least some access to it. The fact that Baudrillard can communicate the problems with things like Disneyland at all implies a concrete reality we can compare it to.

Marsh 1995
James, Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, Critique, Action, and Liberation, p. 292-293
Such an account, however, is as one-sided or perhaps even more
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, and on media such as movies, television, and radio.7 

—-Independent reality exists and humans have at least some access to it —- The fact that Baudrillard can communicate the problems with things like Disneyland at all implies a reality we can compare it to. Their claims are essentialize the media and ignore it’s potential to facilitate a truly democratic public sphere.

Marsh 1995
James, Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, Critique, Action, and Liberation, p. 292-293
Such an account, however, is as one-sided or perhaps even more
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, and on media such as movies, television, and radio.7