Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Made in China 1AC

Contention One —- Chinese WMPs

—-In the summer of 2005, Congress erupted in outrage at the possibility of Chinese investment in American oil and natural gas. Citing concerns of Sino "weapons of mass production," Congress passed the Exon-Florio amendment restricting Foreign Investment in American energy assets.

Carroll 2009       
James, Emory International Law Review, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167
The Unocal Incident: Protectionism Run Amok The response to the attempt of CNOOC to
AND
that Reagan threatened to veto in order to strip the economic security provisions.

—-Chinese oil investment is seen as part of a larger homogenous strategy for global domination. Corporate action that would otherwise be widely considered business as usual in the international oil market is presented as proof of China’s coordinated global assault on the American way of life.

Pan 2009
Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Deakin University, What is Chinese about Chinese Businesses? Locating the ’rise of China’ in global production networks, Journal of Contemporary China, 18(58), January, 7–25
While many foreign businesses are moving their operations to China, many Chinese businesses,
AND
what is behind Chinese businesses is nothing short of the whole Chinese nation.

—-The problem is one of framing. Interpreting CNOOC’s actions as aggression from a rising Chinese behemoth rather than a specific business issue is a political move designed to mask elite economic interests under a wave of populist nationalism.

Pan 2007
Chengxin, School of International and Political Studies, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University, What Is Chinese About Chinese Business? Implications for U.S. Responses to China’s Rise, Asia Research Centre, CBS, Copenhagen Discussion Papers
While such anti-China rhetoric and policies are lent credibility and urgency by the
AND
lost much of their galvanising impact on the government or the general public.

—-Visualizing Chinese businesses as a coherent whole enables racial violence. The characterization of Chinese oil investment as a national security threat provides an economic scapegoat provoking a murderous public backlash to preserve American national identity.

Pan 2007
Chengxin, School of International and Political Studies, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University, What Is Chinese About Chinese Business? Implications for U.S. Responses to China’s Rise, Asia Research Centre, CBS, Copenhagen Discussion Papers
Secondly and more importantly, this construction of Otherness is prescriptive in practical and policy
AND
warehouses in revenge for their business losses from ’unfair Chinese competition.’

—-This nationalist frame locks in global inequality; presenting an impossible choice to the impoverished residence; either silently accept worsening economic conditions or embrace destructive nationalism based on racial superiority.

Hart-Landsberg %26 Burkett 2006
Martin, Professor of Economics and Director of the Political Economy Program at Lewis and Clark College, Paul, professor of economics at Indiana State University, China and the Dynamics of Transnational Accumulation: Causes and Consequences of Global Restructuring, Historical Materialism, volume 14:3 (3–43)
Our analysis of contemporary dynamics also highlights the fact that this transnational capitalist restructuring,
AND
for change that can enable working people to reclaim control over their lives.

—-The narrative of unified Chinese business interests precludes and assimilates progressive local activism folding it into a larger interlocking process of global economic scapegoating.

Hart-Landsberg %26 Burkett 2006
Martin, Professor of Economics and Director of the Political Economy Program at Lewis and Clark College, Paul, professor of economics at Indiana State University, China and the Dynamics of Transnational Accumulation: Causes and Consequences of Global Restructuring, Historical Materialism, volume 14:3 (3–43)
Although China’s National Bureau of Statistics has concluded, based on survey research, that
AND
the boss will move to a more investor-friendly environment further inland.

—-The dominate frame of Chinese oil and natural gas investment as an act of national aggression makes American security policy a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Pan 2007
Chengxin, School of International and Political Studies, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University, What Is Chinese About Chinese Business? Implications for U.S. Responses to China’s Rise, Asia Research Centre, CBS, Copenhagen Discussion Papers
From the global production network perspective, not only does the assumption of a zero
AND
succeed in bringing out a more unified rival in China down the road.

—-Specifically, misperceptions undermine US-China energy relations and spur’s hostile Chinese naval modernization.

Lieberthal and Herberg 2006
Kenneth, Distinguished Fellow and Director for China at The William Davidson institute, and research associate of the China Center at the University of Michigan,  and Mikkal, Director of the asian Energy security program at The national bureau of asian research, China’s Search for Energy Security: Implications for U.S. Policy*, http://www.nbr.org/publications/nbranalysis/pdf/vol17no1.pdf
Both the United States and China will benefit if they can develop a collaborative relationship
AND
each other’s energy insecurities and find new ways to work toward cooperative outcomes.

—-Chinese naval modernization locks both China and American militaries in spiraling cycles of miscalculation and aggression, risking all out war.

United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission 2009
"THE IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA’S NAVAL MODERNIZATION FOR THE UNITED STATES," HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, June 11, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/transcripts/09_06_11_trans/09_06_11_trans.pdf
In this hearing, witnesses told the Commission that the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (
AND
As a consequence, a naval arms race in East Asia may ensue.  

—-The stakes are high —- The illusion of Chinese economic coherence creates a substantial risk of miscalculation and regional instability in the South China Sea.

Pan 2012
Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Deakin University, "Three-way Illusions in the South China Sea", Fair Observer, June/July, http://www.fairobserver.com/article/three-way-illusions-south-china-sea-22?page=2
In international relations, illusions are not merely harmless fantasies. When political actors act
AND
that do not bode well for US-China relations or regional stability.

—-Conflict escalates to nuclear war.

Wittner 2011
Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace %26 Change, a journal of peace research, "COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?," November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.  
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.

Plan

Thus, Margaret and I advocate the United States federal government end Exon-Florio reviews for oil and gas production.

Contention Two —- Global Production Networks

—-Voting affirmative embraces a view of oil production as part of global production networks that transforms and deconstructs the nationalist economic lens. Such a move embodies a politics of international solidarity creating the space for pan-national connections between workers in China and the United States necessary to challenge and reshape economic structure.

Hart-Landsberg %26 Burkett 2006
Martin, Professor of Economics and Director of the Political Economy Program at Lewis and Clark College, Paul, professor of economics at Indiana State University, China and the Dynamics of Transnational Accumulation: Causes and Consequences of Global Restructuring, Historical Materialism, volume 14:3 (3–43)
The data does indeed show that China has achieved unprecedented rates of growth and that
AND
to build international solidarity and nationally complementary strategies to oppose and overcome it.

====—-The elimination of investment restrictions is a critical challenge to American economic unilateralism. The elimination of Exon-Florio restrictions is not an affirmation of free trade systems but rather a strategic move to avoid the assimilation of leftist politics into the Pentagon’s efforts at "containing" China.  ====
Bello %26 Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
A coalition of forces seeks to deprive China of permanent normal trading relations (PNTR
AND
, "the wrong war at the wrong place at the wrong time".

—-Working within technocratic structure to reform the production process is the only way to hold corporate energy interests accountable and democratize American energy policy.

Rahman 2011
K. Sabeel, A.B., Harvard College, 2005; M.Sc., Economics for Development, Oxford University, 2006; M.St., Sociolegal Studies, Oxford University, 2007; J.D. Candidate, Harvard Law School, Class of 2012; Ph.D. Candidate, Government, Harvard University, ENVISIONING THE REGULATORY STATE: TECHNOCRACY, DEMOCRACY, AND INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIMENTATION IN THE 2010 FINANCIAL REFORM AND OIL SPILL STATUTES, http://www.harvardjol.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Rahman_Note.pdf
These weaknesses of the technocratic model create a fundamental challenge for the modern regulatory state
AND
one that leaves ample room for the representation and engagement of different values.

—-Locating oil and natural gas investment from Chinese businesses within global production networks creates greater sensitivity to the uneven distribution of value and power in the global production processes and is a prerequisite to challenging inequality.

Pan 2009
Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Deakin University, What is Chinese about Chinese Businesses? Locating the ’rise of China’ in global production networks, Journal of Contemporary China, 18(58), January, 7–25
The complexities of the identity of Chinese businesses are reflected in both the extensive intermingling
AND
in the face of the multiple, unstable identities of businesses and economies.  

—-Fiat is the best vehicle to change politics —- Imagining the impossible but unquestionably reasonable change to CIFUS procedures alters the collective political coordinates of institutional structure to make the impossible possible.

Swyngedouw 2011 
Eric, Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces, Political Geography (2011), doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.08.001
Second, attention needs to turn to the modalities of repoliticization. Re-politicizing
AND
undocumented and other immigrants in Europe or the US claim their egalibertarian place.  

—-The success of dialectical political confrontation over the resolution at transforming what’s considered politically feasible to result in real world change is empirically proven.

Mitchell 2010
Gordon R., Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, Switch-Side Debating Meets Demand-Driven Rhetoric of Science, Rhetoric %26 Public Affairs, http://www.pitt.edu/~~gordonm/JPubs/Mitchell2010.pdf
Such findings are consistent with the views of policy analysts advocating the argumentative turn in
AND
its foundations in the English ield’s tradition of literary criticism and textual analysis. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Framework —- 2ac WMP Aff

—-The role of the ballot is to assess the desirability of a topical affirmative through the evaluation of mutually exclusive dialectic confrontation advanced by the negative.

—-This is the only predictable basis for clash —- The resolution is the only location all debaters have equal access to both construct through topicality definitions and participation in the topic selection process.

Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
Galloway (2007) also advances an argument concerning the privileging of the resolution as
AND
adaptive research once various topics have surfaced through practice or at debate tournaments. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Case —- 2ac WMP Aff

(1.) Scapegoating —- Their identification of ’America’ as a signifier for all racial violence serves the same purpose as Chinese economic scapegoating masking the structures of global capitalism and freeing individuals to stand silently in the face of atrocities.

Stoekl 1990
Allan, Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Penn State University, Truman’s Apotheosis: Bataille, "Planisme," and Headlessness, Yale French Studies, No. 78, On Bataille (1990), pp. 181-205
It was no doubt true that official American policies of the period contributed to economic
AND
with the racists and their obviously naïve and sinister pseudoscience of biological determinism.  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

GLORY

—-The Affirmative is a prerequisite to the critique.

—-The alternative fractures the left —- Rejecting the plan’s ~global/production~ focus unites the alternative with right wing china bashers and fractures opposition to the Pentagon’s militarist china policy.

Bello %26 Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
A coalition of forces seeks to deprive China of permanent normal trading relations (PNTR
AND
, "the wrong war at the wrong place at the wrong time".

—-The alternative fails —- Collective structures are responsible for an overwhelming majority of consumption.

Jensen 2009
Derrick, activist and the author of many books, most recently What We Leave Behind and Songs of the Dead, Forget Shorter Showers, Orion Magazine, http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/4801/
WOULD ANY SANE PERSON think dumpster diving would have stopped Hitler, or that composting
AND
it’s deeply revolutionary. It’s not. Personal change doesn’t equal social change.

—-Individual local strategies fail to adapt to the inevitability of global concerns and guarantees a world dominated by violence.

Monbiot 2004
George, journalist, academic, and political and environmental activist, Manifesto for a New World Order, p. 11-13
The quest for global solutions is difficult and divisive. Some members of this movement
AND
to prevent climate change from destroying the conditions it requires for its survival.

—-The alternative reifies constructed Western notions of the ’local’ that collapses autonomy and masks oppression.

Escobar 1995 
Arturo, Associate professor of Anthropology @ UMASS, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, pg. 170
As Ana Maria Alonso (1992) remarked in the context of another peasant struggle
AND
enthusiastically we assume the nonexistence of that distinction. (111,112) 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

JUSTICE

(B.) Takes out alt solvency %26 means Xenophobes coopt the alternative.

The Economist 2006
America’s ports and Dubai; Trouble on the waterfront, http://www.economist.com/node/5551176
XENOPHOBIA seems to be creeping into American politics. Last year, Congress saw off
AND
to base policy on the prejudice that every Arab is a potential terrorist.

(C.) Only immediate government action solves —- State management is the only buffer between ethnic minorities and a racist civil society.

Myers 2003
Tony, former lecturer at the University of Stirling. He is the author of Upgrade Your English Essay (Arnold, 2002) and numerous articles on postmodernism, psychoanalysis and politics, Slavoj Zizek, pg 107-108
Of course, as fantasies cannot ultimately coexist peacefully, particularly when they are ethnic
AND
is a fantasy figure, someone who embodies the void of the Other. 

—-Perm is critical to political effectiveness and solves extinction.

Hildyard Lohmann %26 Sexton, Their Author, 2012
Nicholas, founder and Director of The Corner House, Larry, author of the book "Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power" %26 works at the British NGO The Corner House, Sarah, a director of The Corner House, Energy Security For What? For Whom? The Corner House, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/energy-security-whom-what
Critically, there is a need for public discussion and debate that correct the fatal
AND
"energy security" and the most pragmatic starting point for practical action.

—-Energy is good —- Its interchangeable nature is key to resolve multiple barriers to equity and poverty alleviation.

Epstein 2009 
Alex, founder and director of the Center for Industrial Progress, Energy at the Speed of Thought: The Original Alternative Energy Market, TOS Vol. 4, No. 2.
The most important and most overlooked energy issue today is the growing crisis of global
AND
supply stagnates3—meaning rising prices as far as the eye can see.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan
Thus the plan: The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews. 

Inherency
Contention 1- the Status Quo
The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS.  These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.
Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Relations
Contention 2 US-China relations:
US China economic relations are on the brink- China knows that election rhetoric is just bluster, but US investment openness remains a key issue for relations.
Fung, associate editor-The Atlantic, 10-16-12 (Brian Fung, associate editor at The Atlantic, He has written previously for Foreign Policy and The Washington Post, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/dont-panic-us-chinese-economic-cooperation-isnt-about-to-break-down/263652/#)
Skim the economic headlines of the past few weeks, and it would be easy
AND
that what looks like a snub is sometimes just part of doing business.

Conflicts over the US foreign investment process risk shattering the relationship.  The plan sends a strong signal of cooperation towards China.
Xu 11 (Ting, senior project manager-Bertelsmann Foundation, The Next Big Threat to US-China Ties, July 13, http://thediplomat.com/2011/07/13/the-next-big-threat-to-us-china-ties/)
The United States and China have long lobbed verbal grenades across the Pacific, each
AND
a win-win situation that would also boost Sino-American collaboration.

And, investment restrictions spark a Chinese nationalist backlash that could escalate to war—clarifying CFIUS is key.
Dorn 05 (James A, China specialist and VP for academic affairs at Cato, U.S.-China Relations in the Wake of CNOOC, CATO Policy Analysis, Nov 2, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa553.pdf)
The message that Congress should send China is the message Liu Junning, an independent
AND
will depend on sound free-market policies, not on destructive protectionism.

Collapse of relations risks nuclear war.
Wittner 11 (Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace and Change, a journal of peace research, “COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?,” November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html)
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.  
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.
Collapse of economic interdependence between US and China makes miscalculation inevitable, causing cyber-terrorism and proxy wars in East Asia.
Bremmer and Gordon 10-12-12 (Ian Bremmer is president of Eurasia Group and author of ''Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World,'' David Gordon is head of research at Eurasia Group and former director of policy planning at the State Department, “Where Commerce and Politics Collide,”  http://www.chinausfocus.com/uncategorized/where-commerce-and-politics-collide/)
Whatever happened to the reassuring view that expanding trade ties make for a safer and
AND
overcome the incentives for conflict avoidance that mutually assured economic destruction has created.
Cyber attacks risk shooting wars between the US and China.
Apps 10-24 (Peter Apps, Political Risk Correspondent for Reuters, 2012, http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-iran-cyberbre89n0nj-20121024,0,817484.story)
The very attractions of the silent war - deniability and use of arms-length
AND
intelligence agency GCHQ and now senior fellow at London's Royal United Services Institute.

And, the plan solves any alternative causes
Marchick-Carlyle Group-2/12 Fostering Greater Chinese Investment in the United States http://www.cfr.org/china/fostering-greater-chinese-investment-united-states/p27310
China recently became the world's second-largest economy and has emerged as the world's
AND
welcomes Chinese investment and that additional investment is in both countries' economic interest.
And, recent official statements prove these investment restrictions are a critical issue in the relationship.
Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June, http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)
Many U.S. experts recognize the potentially enormous future benefit from growing Chinese
AND
welcome Chinese investment and in particular, to treat the SOEs equally. 4

Optional:
AND CFIUS protectionism risk war with China – interdependency will falter
Dorn, CATO China specialist, 07 (James, “The Rise of China Engagement or Protectionism? US Policy towards China,” GLOBAL DIALOGUE Volume 9 ● Number 1–2 ● Winter/Spring 2007, http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=395)
Treasury Secretary Paulson is correct to urge institutional change in China rather than narrowly focus
AND
. If they couldn’t sell in America, they would fall apart.”11

China Gas
Contention 3 is Chinese Gas:
China is limiting itself to “hands off” oil and gas deals – these small partnerships don’t secure technical expertise to develop Chinese shale – this puts them decades behind gas targets
Mandel 7-17 (Jenny, Reporter for EnergyWire, a daily publication covering the unconventional oil and gas sectors, Previous positions with EandE include editing Land Letter and writing news and feature stories for Greenwire, ClimateWire, and other news outlets, “Will U.S. shale technology make the leap across the Pacific?,” EnergyWire: Tuesday, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1)

Modes of tech transfer Despite the challenges, the allure of a massive new domestic
AND
pursue contracts for natural gas imports to satisfy the strong and growing demand.

US gas companies currently negotiate passive deals for China because of CFIUS restrictions.
Knowledge @ Wharton 12 (China's Underground Race for Shale Gas, aug 21, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2851)

Meanwhile, in the U.S., shale gas leaders, such as Devon
AND
Chinese companies may be able to negotiate better terms, says CATF's Sung.

Only the US has the expertise necessary for China to develop its shale resources- increased Chinese access to US drilling techniques and regulatory methods is critical.
Forbes, manager- Shale Gas Initiative at the World Resources Institute, 12 (Sarah, also the Senior Associate for the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION: “CHINA’S GLOBAL QUEST FOR RESOURCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES; CHINA’S PROSPECTS FOR SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.,” January 26, http://pdf.wri.org/testimony/forbes_testimony_china_shale_gas_2012-01-26.pdf)
Are there risks as well as opportunities for U.S. companies? From
AND
aware of and take into account while pursuing and designing Chinese domestic development. 

Chinese shale development key to displace their coal use—renewables cant be scaled up fast enough.
Hanger 12 (John, Special Counsel at the law firm Eckert Seamans, and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, “China Gets Cracking on Fracking: The Best Environmental News Of The Year?,”  Aug 14,  http://johnhanger.blogspot.com/2012/08/china-gets-cracking-on-fracking-good.html)

China sits on natural gas reserves that are estimated to be 50% higher than the massive gas reserves in the USA. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120808-china-shale-gas/. Despite this gargantuan gas resource, coal provides China 80% of its electricity, compared to 34% in the USA, as of May 2012. Why the difference? The shale gas boom that is now more than 10 years long in the USA is just getting started in China and so the Chinese remain heavily reliant on coal to make electricity and for their total energy. Around the world, the basic energy choice is coal or gas. China is just the biggest example of this fundamental fact. China's reliance on coal means that its economic growth brings skyrocketing carbon emissions and other air pollution. Indeed, Chinese air quality is infamous around the world, and smog has been so thick that Beijing airport has been unable to land planes for short periods. As of 2011, China was responsible for 29% of the world's carbon emissions, while the US produced 16%, even though the US economy is still considerably bigger than China's. Moreover, US carbon emissions are declining to 1992 levels, but China's emissions skyrocket. Though China is building substantial new wind, solar, and nuclear generation, those investments are not enough to cut Chinese coal consumption, given economic growth that is still 7% in what some describe as an economic slowdown. Shale gas, however, could be big enough to actually displace significant amounts of coal in China. More gas in China means less mercury, soot. lead, smog, and carbon emissions. China's energy plans call for shale gas to provide 6% of its total energy as soon as 2020.  If it achieves that goal, China will avoid more than 500 million tons of carbon pollution per year or about 1.5% of today's total carbon emissions.

Increasing demand for Chinese coal production causes water shortages which threaten economic collapse and political instability.
Schneider 11 (Keith, senior editor for Circle of Blue-a nonprofit focusing on resource shortages founded in 2000, Choke Point: China—Confronting Water Scarcity and Energy Demand in the World’s Largest Country, Feb 15, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/choke-point-china%E2%80%94confronting-water-scarcity-and-energy-demand-in-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-country/)
By any measure, conventional and otherwise, China’s tireless advance to international economic prominence
AND
rising incomes and improving opportunities, is at risk, say some authorities.
Chinese economic collapse causes Asian and Middle East conflict- China will turn outwardly aggressive.
Newmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY “ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION” APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
 So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
AND
the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China.

And, economic decline causes war.
Royal 2010  Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
And, pollution from coal causes environmental protests that threaten CCP rule.
LeVine 12 (Steve, author of The Oil and the Glory, Foreign Policy contributor,  CHINA The Cost of Coal , The Weekly Wrap -- Aug. 3, 2012, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i)

China's moment of coal truth: A question that has vexed us for some time
AND
and economic outcomes. And yet that is exactly what we are seeing.

Those pollution protests causes Chinese instability and CCP lashout
Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904andtx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195andno_cache=1)

As the impact of pollution on human health becomes more obvious and widespread, it
AND
border. All of these situations would alter security assumptions in the region. 

This causes the CCP to launch WMDs and kill billions to try to hold onto power
Renxin 05 Renxin, Journalist, 8-3-2K5 (San, “CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death,” Epoch Times, www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)
Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising
AND
as something one finds difficult to tell whether it is false or true. 

And, Chinese pollution causes nuclear war with Russia
Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904andtx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195andno_cache=1)

In addition to the concerns already mentioned, pollution, if linked to a specific
AND
in full-scale war between two powerful, nuclear-equipped nations. 

And, shale development key to Chinese energy security.
Downs 00 (Erica, China Fellow @ Brookings, CHINA’S ENERGY SECURITY ACTIVITIES, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1244/MR1244.ch3.pdf)

The Chinese government can also improve China’s energy security through development of the country’s natural
AND
concerns—possibly a fear of foreign control over China’s gas resources. 76

The impact is China-India energy wars.
Clement 12 (Nicholas, China and India Vie for Energy Security, May 25, http://www.2point6billion.com/news/2012/05/25/china-and-india-vie-for-energy-security-11177.html)
The competitive relationship between China and India has become a defining feature of the strategic
AND
ongoing diplomatic engagement between China and India to avoid unnecessary or accidental escalation.

Participating in oil joint ventures boosts US-China energy coop, allowing them to learn from us and control air pollution and environmental degradation.
Wu, Brookings Visiting Fellow, 08 (Richard Weixing Hu, Advancing Sino-U.S. Energy Cooperation Amid Oil Price Hikes, March, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2008/03/energy-hu)
Fourth, both governments should encourage their energy companies to collaborate in jointly enlarging the
AND
air and a considerable contribution to the common course of global environmental protection.

And, politicization of Chinese energy deals independently undermines US-China energy relations, which causes hostile Chinese naval modernization.
Lieberthal and Herberg 06 (Kenneth, Distinguished Fellow and Director for China at The William Davidson institute, and research associate of the China Center at the University of Michigan,  and Mikkal, Director of the asian Energy security program at The national bureau of asian research, China’s Search for Energy Security: Implications for U.S. Policy*, http://www.nbr.org/publications/nbranalysis/pdf/vol17no1.pdf)
Both the United States and China will benefit if they can develop a collaborative relationship
AND
each other’s energy insecurities and find new ways to work toward cooperative outcomes.
Chinese naval modernization causes miscalculation, risking conflict with the US.
United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission 09 (“THE IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA’S NAVAL MODERNIZATION FOR THE UNITED STATES,” HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, June 11, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/transcripts/09_06_11_trans/09_06_11_trans.pdf)
In this hearing, witnesses told the Commission that the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (
AND
As a consequence, a naval arms race in East Asia may ensue.  

The risk of conflict in the South China Sea is particularly high- focusing on improving relations is critical.
Glaser, CSIS Senior Fellow, 12 (Bonnie, Senior Fellow,Center for Strategic and International Studies,  Armed Clash in the South China Sea, http://www.cfr.org/east-asia/armed-clash-south-china-sea/p27883)
The risk of conflict in the South China Sea is significant. China, Taiwan
AND
one of the various disputes in the South China Sea from escalating militarily.

Solvency
Contention 4-Solvency:
Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude “energy assets” insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.
And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.
Ellis-Vinson and Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html
Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,
AND
were energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007
And, the US should clarify that energy production does not undermine national security-- explicitly exempting specific industries from CFIUS review is key.
Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)
What does this all mean for Exon-Florio? Almost since its enactment,
AND
from global energy markets might result in a greater risk of supply disruption).

Clarification of CFIUS priorities should focus on specific industries to green-light.
Xu et al 12 (Ting, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20In%20Hand.pdf)
CFIUS should develop and make public both a list of strategic industries and a set
AND
multilateral channels of engagement to make improvements and upgrades to the investment climate.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

GAS

China needs to learn our regulatory practices- they can’t just proceed by domestically developing the technology.

Liu and Turner 11 (Kexin, CEF Intern, and Jennifer, director of the China Environment Forum, Shale We Dance?  Exploring a New Area of U.S.-China Energy Collaboration, April, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Shale%20We%20Dance.pdf)

CONCLUDING THOUGHTS The United States and China are motivated to shale gas exploration for similar
AND
order to protect the country’s already highly degraded water resources from further harm.  

Chinese investment in US gas solves Chinese air pollution.

Scissors, Heritage Fellow, 10 (Derek, Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy at Heritage,  "Rebalancing" Chinese Investment in the U.S.," July 13, 2010, http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2010/pdf/wm2956.pdf)
Natural Resources: The Biggest Problem. After the Unocal failure, the PRC turned toward Australia (and now Canada) for natural resource acquisition in a modern regulatory environment. The U.S. is losing investment—or seeing it diverted to government bonds—that would serve a range of national interests. Permitting the PRC to share in American gas production, for example, could improve China’s status as the world’s top air polluter.

Chinese water scarcity from coal risks political instability and collapse of economic growth

Wilson Center 2012 (Choke Point: China/中国之瓶颈：水匮乏与能源需求, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/choke-point-china-http://www.wilsoncenter.org/choke-point-china)

The burgeoning confrontation between energy and water creates a choke point that poses fundamental global
AND
point could endanger economic growth, food production, and even political stability.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A2 Cap Bad —- 2ac Frontline

—-The affirmative is a prerequisite to the critique.

(A.) The alternative fractures the left —- Rejecting the plan for embracing free trade unites the alternative with right wing china bashers and fractures opposition to the Pentagon’s militarist china policy.

Bello %26 Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
A coalition of forces seeks to deprive China of permanent normal trading relations (PNTR
AND
, "the wrong war at the wrong place at the wrong time".

(B.) Nationalist scapegoating precludes anti-capitalist mobilization —- CFIUS allows all the problems of capitalism to be blamed on China.

Moody 2000
Kim, staff writer for Labor Notes and author of An Injury to All and Workers in a Lean World, Protectionism or Solidarity? (Part I), http://www.solidarity-us.org/site/node/951
From a Marxist point of view, it seems obvious that the roots of economic
AND
to the defense of the business in the protection afforded by the border.

—-Capitalism will not collapse %26 rejection surrenders to the right —- The only solution is transforming the structures of trade from within.

Zizek 2007 
Slavoj, Resistance is Surrender, London Review of Books, http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n22/slavoj-zizek/resistance-is-surrender  
One of the clearest lessons of the last few decades is that capitalism is indestructible
AND
sense, but in order to better it or attenuate its malicious effect’?

—-Turn —- Interdependence.

(A.) Rejecting trade makes war inevitable —- Extend Patrick —- Collapsing trade relations creates a spiraling cycle of suspicion and nationalism where every foreign business action is seen as zero sum with American national security.

(B.) Solves their turns —- Interdependence creates an ethic of mutual recognition and respect between competitors that doesn’t require the instrumentalization of all life.

Badhwar 2007
Neera K., Associate Professor of Philosophy at University of Oklahoma - September "Friendship and Commercial Societies" Forthcoming in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics http://praxeology.net/guest-badhwar1.htm-http://praxeology.net/guest-badhwar1.htm
I have argued that the critics of market societies misunderstand both markets and friendship by
AND
friendlier to civic and character friendship than any other developed form of society.

—-Permutation Do Both —- Plan %26 Alt

—-Only the permutation solves.

(A.) Withdrawing from global trade locks the alternative within a nationalist frame precluding transnational solidarity and organization.

Bello %26 Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
The anti-China trade campaign amounts to a Faustian bargain that seeks to buy
AND
power of global corporations and multilateral agencies that promote TNC-led globalization.

(B.) Total rejection of capitalism fragments resistance and reifies structural oppression.

Gibson-Graham 1996
J.K., feminist economist, End of Capitalism, pg 263-264
One of our goals as Marxists has been to produce a knowledge of capitalism.  
AND
its unity a fantasy, visible as a denial of diversity and change. 

—-Turn —- Anti-markets

(A.) CFIUS securitization is anti-market neoliberalism.

Daily Times 2006
EDITORIAL: Economic neo-liberalism vs political realism, February 26^th, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C02%5C26%5Cstory_26-2-2006_pg3_1
Ditto for CNOOC’s Unocal bid. China had no part to play in rearing Al
AND
to everyone’s advantage, politics has its own ideas of security and protectionism.

(B.) The removal of anti-market forces solves bad capitalism and is historically distinct from the system described in their evidence.

De Landa 1998
Manuel, Markets and Antimarkets in the World Economy, http://www.alamut.com/subj/economics/de_landa/antiMarkets.html
When approaching the subject of economic power, one can safely ignore the entire field
AND
completely, and to begin speaking of markets and antimarkets and their dynamics.

—-Value to life is an affirmative argument —- The expression of economic human potential breaks free from the normative constraints of subjectivity in favor of new forms of emotional intensity.

Badhwar 2007
Neera K., Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oklahoma, Friendship and Commercial Societies, Forthcoming in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics, http://praxeology.net/guest-badhwar1.htm
None of this is to deny that when the means to an end is not
AND
as "praxis" distorts the nature of both business enterprises and friendships.

—-The alternative fails —- Markets are inevitable and culturally universal.

Lavoie and Chamlee-Wright 2000
Don Lavoie Professor of Economics at George Mason University and Emily Chamlee-Wright Associate Professor of Economics and Management at Beloit College, Culture and Enterprise: the development, representation, and morality of business p. 47-48
Indeed the favorite stick with which the left likes to hit economists is the claim
AND
human society has a strong propensity to generate and engage in market activity.  

—-Numerous studies disprove historical materialism’s causal truth claims.

Steele 1992  
David Ramsay, author and Editorial Director of Open Court Publishing Company - From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation pg. 358-360
Marx also says that the relations are inevitably entered into ~some translations: ’are
AND
changes were somehow sealed off from having any direct influence on the relations.

—-The Indian caste system proves capitalism isn’t the root of all exploitation —- This is a 100% takeout since their totalizing claim that all history is organized by class means all we need is one example to disprove it.

Steele 1992  
David Ramsay, author and Editorial Director of Open Court Publishing Company - From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation pg. 361-362
To contradict historical materialism, it’s only necessary to claim that the relations changed once
AND
limited set of claims about the relations between forces and relations of production.

No offense —- Collapse is worse for all their impacts and results in extermination of all life on the planet. Even in the face of inevitable collapse it’s try or die.

Monbiot 2009 
George, columnist for The Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London (environmental science, August 17, 2009, "Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?," http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change

I detect in your writings, and in the conversations we have had, an
AND
fight is still worth having; you, because you think it isn’t.

Capitalism is sustainable —- Empirically resilent in the face of criticism %26 short term failure.

Meltzer 2009 
Allan, Professor of Political Economy at Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Business, Visiting Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, First Recipient of the AEI Irving Kristol Award, and Chairman of the International Financial Institution Advisory Commission, March 12, "Why Capitalism?" 2008-2009 Bradley Lecture Series, http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.29525,filter.all/pub_detail.asp
Newspaper headlines during the peak of the housing-credit crisis called it "the
AND
failures. It is the only system that increases both growth and freedom. 

Crisis establishes pro-globalization consensus – ironic reversal.

Bhagwati 2011
Jagdish, University Professor of Law and Economics at Columbia University, Globalization Marches On, Project Syndicate, January 25^th 2011, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/globalization-marches-on

Indeed, the West accepted the view that globalization would result (as with trade
AND
accidentally, establish a pro-globalization consensus that spans East and West.

Efficiency makes growth sustainable

Kling 2002
Arnold, Ph.D. in economics from MIT, adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute, "Common Sense and Sensibility" http://www.techcentralstation.com/article.aspx?id=032802C
Another notion comes from the environmentalists. According to their theory, wealth comes from
AND
, the market will find ways to side-step the doomsday scenarios.

FDI in renewables is key to growth, CFIUS blocks now.

Welt 2009
Aviad, PhD in eco-finance from Columbia Law, National Security Review of Renewable Energy and CleanTech Transactions (August 1, 2011). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1933285 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1933285

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ("Recovery Act") included a number
AND
along the years, shifting with it the focus of CFIUS’ analysis.2

That’s key to sustainable transition.

Zenghelis 2012
Dimitri Zenghelis is a Senior Visiting Fellow at the  Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change London School of Economics, Associate Fellow Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House and Senior Economic Adviser Cisco, Restoring growth and confidence through resource-efficient innovation, June 27 2012 http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/2012/06/27/restoring-growth-zenghelis/

What is needed to restore confidence is a clear strategic vision with supporting policies to
AND
perceived lack of opportunity. This window of opportunity should not be wasted.

Econ collapse pushes warming off the agenda.

Elliott 2008 
Larry, Economics Editor at the Guardian, Can a dose of recession solve climate change?, http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/aug/25/economicgrowth.globalrecession
There are many reasons why it is not quite as simple as that. My
AND
waiting for industrial capitalism to collapse under the weight of its own contradictions.

Nuclear war outweighs – no adaptation.

Starr 2008
Steven, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation Director of Clinical Laboratory Science Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Catastrophic Climatic Consequences of Nuclear Conflict, International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation, Bulletin 28 April 2008, http://www.inesap.org/bulletin-28/catastrophic-climatic-consequences-nuclear-conflict

Climatic changes resulting from nuclear conflict would occur many thousands of times faster – and
AND
annihilation which put all humanity and civilization under a common threat of destruction.

Sino economic collapse causes nuclear war with Russia- Extinction

Sharavin 2001
Alexander Sharavin, Director of the Institute of Military and Political Analysis, WHAT THE PAPERS SAY, October 3, 2001, pg. online
China’s economy is among the fastest-growing economies in the world. It remains
AND
both, and even against the first frost of a possible nuclear winter. 

Unocal means China drills in the developing world

Scissors, Senior Research Fellow-Heritage, 12 (Derek, Senior Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy, and Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs , "China Buys Canadian Energy: Lessons for the U.S.," July 26, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/china-buys-canadian-energy-lessons-for-the-us)

Wide-Ranging Implications One policy implication of CNOOC–Nexen is thus a bit
AND
regulatory oversight, and is a close American ally is the ideal alternative.

That causes gas flaring – lax regs

Tamuno 2010
Paul Samuel, LLM Oil and Gas Law, University of Aberdeen, Assistan Lecturer Rivers State University of Science and Technology. Legal Response to Gas Flaring in Developed and Developing Countries: a comparative analysis of Nigeria, United Kingdom and Norway Centre for Energy, Petroleum %26 Mineral Law %26 Policy International Energy Law and Policy Research Paper Series Working Research Paper Series No: 2010/14

The extraction of crude oil often results in the bringing to the surface of accompanying
AND
are supposed to be regulated are often themselves responsible for regulatory functions.13

That’s responsible for TWENTY FIVE PERCENT of warming – black carbon.

Kahn 2010
Brian, International Research Institute for Climate and Society at Columbia University, Gas Flaring: Major Cause of Climate Change, BP Oil Spill Solution, May 23 2010, http://www.justmeans.com/Gas-Flaring-Major-Cause-of-Climate-Change-BP-Oil-Spill-Solution/15525.html

Globally, gas flaring is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Over 400
AND
as the rest of the Earth, in part because of black carbon. 

Just how much is black carbon contributing to climate change? James Hansen of NASA
AND
whose government has set a deadline for December 2010 to end gas flaring).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

AT: Ralls/Wind Case

Ralls was limited- it seen as a legitimate national security concern because of proximity to an air force base.

Rosen and Hanemann 10-5-12 (Daniel and Thilo, Ralls vs. CFIUS: What Are the Implications for Chinese Investment?, Council on Foreign Relations, http://rhgroup.net/articles/ralls-vs-cfius-what-are-the-implications-for-chinese-investment)
Last week President Obama issued an Executive Order requiring Chinese-controlled Ralls Corporation to
AND
to Chinese investment while screening for a narrow set of national security concerns.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

AT: Investment high

====CFIUS blocking more Chinese deals-Investment declining ====
Inside US-China Trade 1/11/12
HEADLINE: 2011 TREND: MATURING CHINESE INVESTMENT ABROAD STILL FACES U.S. HURDLES
Chinese outbound investment in 2011 slowed compared to a year earlier but showed signs of
AND
.S. has not been transparent for Chinese investors," he concludes.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

T-Restriction

—-we meet-foreign investment restrictions on production 
Hirsch-former senior energy program adviser for Science Applications International Corporation-11  Commentary: Restrictions on world oil production
http://www.energybulletin.net/stories/2011-03-28/commentary-restrictions-world-oil-production-http://www.energybulletin.net/stories/2011-03-28/commentary-restrictions-world-oil-production

Restrictions on world oil production can be divided into four categories: 1. Geology
AND
and restrictions on foreign investment has led to significant Mexican oil production decline.

-xxx—We-meet-the plan reduces restrictions that block, delay, and alter foreign investment in energy production
Inside Energy with Federal Lands 4/12/10 (Herman Wang, HEADLINE: Foreign energy investments spark security concerns)

Foreign firms appear to be increasingly interested in investing in US oil companies, electric
AND
have the sanctity of contracts and bright-letter law," Vrielink said. 

—-Production deals with a high level of scrutiny are considered "restricted".

Vinson %26 Elkins LLP 12 (V%26E China Practice Update E-communication, "China Amends Foreign Investment Policy: New Foreign Investment Industry Guidance Catalogue," January 13, http://www.velaw.com/resources/pub_detail.aspx?id=20405)

The Catalogue classifies foreign direct investments in the various Chinese industry sectors as "encouraged
AND
authorities. Foreign investment is not permitted in industries categorized as "prohibited."

—-C/I

Restrictions mean qualification on production

Wright v. Magellan Behavioral Health, Inc., 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 48718  2007

In the instant case, the Court is required to interpret the word "restriction" as used by the parties in the Agreement. The parties apparently agree that the legal definition of restriction—"a limitation or qualification," Black’s Law Dictionary 1341 (8th ed. 1999)—is a good place to start. Thus, the Court must determine whether the board’s supervision requirement falls within this definition.

That means conditions on production not just prohibitions

Google Dictionary

qual•i•fi•ca•tion

noun /ˌkwäləfəˈkāSHən/ 
qualifications, plural

A quality or accomplishment that makes someone suitable for a particular job or activity
- only one qualification required—fabulous sense of humor

The action or fact of becoming qualified as a practitioner of a particular profession or activity
- an opportunity for student teachers to share experiences before qualification

A condition that must be fulfilled before a right can be acquired; an official requirement
- the five-year residency qualification for presidential candidates

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

ptx

No solution because of revenue concerns and if it does pass it’ll be limited

Weisman and Calmes 11/7/12 (*Jonathan, staffwriter, *Jackie, staffwriter, "Boehner Strikes Conciliatory Tone in Talk of Fiscal Cliff" http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/us/politics/back-to-bargaining-table-with-fiscal-cliff-dead-ahead.html?pagewanted=all%26_r=0-http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/us/politics/back-to-bargaining-table-with-fiscal-cliff-dead-ahead.html?pagewanted=all%26_r=0) 

But Democrats and Republicans are still far apart. Mr. Boehner made it clear
AND
on — and a catalyst for — major solutions, enacted in 2013." 

Congress doesn’t have a solution now, and limited solutions still result in investment uncertainty and cuts

Billings Gazette 11/7/12 ("Gazette opinion: Urgent work awaits president, lame-duck Congress" http://billingsgazette.com/news/opinion/editorial/gazette-opinion/gazette-opinion-urgent-work-awaits-president-lame-duck-congress/article_42ea4dc9-6881-5289-82e4-bc0e5e494064.html-http://billingsgazette.com/news/opinion/editorial/gazette-opinion/gazette-opinion-urgent-work-awaits-president-lame-duck-congress/article_42ea4dc9-6881-5289-82e4-bc0e5e494064.html) 

President Barack Obama, re-elected Tuesday, and the 535 members of Congress
AND
to go over 9 percent, enough to throw us back into recession."

the Nexen deal slays the link – it began the 75 day review process which means a decision will occur by the 20^th

WallStreet 9/14/12
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/us-sticks-its-nose-in-chinese-canadian-energy-deal-2012-09-14
U.S. Sticks its Nose in Chinese-Canadian Energy Deal

The %2415.1 billion offer from China’s state-controlled Cnooc Ltd.
AND
non-election-related fireworks between now and then over the issue.

BAE CFIUS Reviews causing controversy now

Reuters 11/7
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 2012, Argentine judge embargoes %2419 billion Chevron assets, http://cnn-latest-news-blog.blogspot.com/
Once a deal is announced, it must be approved by a body called the
AND
. defense contractor. "There’s just not enough business to go around."

The A123 deal is already a CFIUS-China political football in Congress.

LeSage 11-8 (Jon, "A123, Wanxiang deal under scrutiny by Republican Senators," Nov 8, 2012,  http://green.autoblog.com/2012/11/08/a123-wanxiang-deal-under-scrutiny-by-republican-senators/)
Lithium-ion battery maker A123 Systems continues to be a source of drama and
AND
in A123’s technology and wants to see the legal process carried out thoroughly.

Energy fights in the lame duck are inevitable- Obama will push the wind PTC and House Republicans will push Keystone.

Energy Guardian 11-7- 12 (Edward Felker, Analysis: Obama victory a defeat for oil, coal industries, from Energy Guardian daily email newsletter on Nov 7, 2012)
Voters on Tuesday returned President Barack Obama to the White House for another four years, but they did little to settle the divisions over energy and the environment in Washington.
With Republicans easily retaining their hold on the House, and Democrats keeping their slim
AND
advocate who survived a tougher-than-expected challenge from John Ewing.

====No political capital ====
Darling 11/2 ("Brian Darling is Senior Fellow for Government Studies at The Heritage Foundation" http://dailycaller.com/2012/11/02/legislative-lowdown-a-hurricane-of-obama-scandals-hit-before-election-day/)
Recent reports from Capitol Hill and the media indicate that Congress will have some serious oversight responsibilities in the emerging scandals of Benghazi-Gate and Solyndra-Gate immediately after the elections. Furthermore, Congress has scheduled a lame-duck post-election session to deal with pending legislative matters. No matter who wins the presidential election and congressional races, the post-election session of Congress will be dangerous for voters who favor small government.

China FDI popular – economic considerations and China lobby

Schatz 10-5-12 (Joseph, POLITICO Pro’s tax editor. Before
AND
black and white," Politico.com October 5, 2012, lexis)
Mitt Romney’s hard-hitting ads claim President Barack Obama needs to "stand up
AND
Obama administration has also made efforts to link Chinese firms with American companies.

The plan is guidance not legislation

Jackson 10 (James K. Jackson, CRS Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Foreign Investment, CFIUS, and Homeland Security: An Overview, February 4,   http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/138597.pdf)

While CFIUS’s activities often seem to be quite opaque, the Committee is not free
AND
interest activities from falling under foreign control, primarily for national defense purposes. 

That means no link

Hamilton and Schroeder 1994 ~James T. Hamilton is an assistant Professor of Public Policy, Economics and Political Science at Duke University, Christopher H. Schroeder is a Professor of Law at Duke University School of Law "Strategic Regulators and the Choice of Rulemaking Procedures: The Selection of Formal vs. Informal Rules in Regulating Hazardous Waste http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4229%26context=lcp~~
3. As the regulatory costs imposed on parties increase, the more likely the
AND
parties since informal rules may be applied with more discretion than formal rules.

Winners win

Heineman 10 (Ben Heineman Jr. has held top positions in government, law, and business. He is the author of High Performance with High Integrity "No Presidential Greatness Without Spending Political Capital" http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/-http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/)
Only in recent months, when he was willing to make it his personal issue
AND
echoes decisions of his great Democratic predecessors, Harry Truman and Lyndon Johnson. 

Political capital not key to the agenda

Klein 12 (Ezra, citing George Edwards, the director of the Center of Presidential studies at Texas A and M is the editor of Wonkblog and a columnist at the Washington Post, as well as a contributor to MSNBC and Bloomberg. "THE UNPERSUADED" http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/03/19/120319fa_fact_klein?currentPage=5-http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/03/19/120319fa_fact_klein?currentPage=5)

The Obama Administration was taken by surprise when congressional Republicans turned against the individual mandate
AND
might have the perverse effect of making it harder for him to govern. 

Fixing the cuts later means there is ZERO impact to sequestration

Lester 11-2 (Patrick, Director of Federal Fiscal Policy at OMBWatch, He is an expert on federal budget and revenue issues and has been cited by numerous media outlets, including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, USA Today, The Chronicle of Philanthropy, and Nonprofit Quarterly. Prior to coming to OMB Watch, Patrick was the Vice President for Social Impact, Social Solutions; Senior Vice President of Public Policy for the Alliance for Children and Families; and Director of Public Policy at the United Way. Previous to that, he was a Senior Policy Analyst at the Maryland Budget and Tax Policy Institute, "Mitigating the Impact of a Temporary Sequester," http://www.ombwatch.org/files/budget/mitigating_impact_of_temporary_sequester.pdf)
Unless Congress and the president enact legislation delaying or canceling them, automatic federal spending
AND
or no damage to most affected federal defense and non-defense programs.

No deal on sequestration and no impact – it’ll be resolved after the lame duck

Wright and Mak 11/6/12 (*AUSTIN, staffwriter, *Tim, staffwriter, "Lame duck looking lamer as fiscal cliff nears" http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1112/83353.html-http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1112/83353.html) 

If Obama wins, Democrats could try to improve their negotiating position by allowing sequestration
AND
defense cuts over 10 years, on top of the %24487 billion.

Small military solves threats

Preble 2011
Christopher, vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, Strength vs. Stupidity, National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-skeptics/strength-vs-stupidity-5942
The latter point, "national security doesn’t require it," is crucial, correct
AND
that have sheltered under the U.S. security umbrella for decades.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Courts CP

1. Permute- do the counterplan-

A. Nullifying a law is the same thing as reducing a restriction.

Duchossois Indus. v. United States, 2010-1 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) P50,344 2010

In Kohler, the taxpayer purchased %24 19.5 million in Mexican pesos for
AND
or restrictions that devalues the pesos and lowers the value of the stock.

2. Permute- do both- Court action provides political cover.

Zotnick, law prof- RWU, 04
David M. Zlotnick, associate professor of law at the Roger Williams University School of Law, visiting professor of law at Washington College, Spring 2004, Roger Williams University Law Review, 9 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 645, p. 684

On the federal level, the time has come to listen to the voices of
AND
, this makes a travesty of the justice they have sworn to uphold.

3. CP Links to Politics

Treanor and Sperling, 1993 (William Michael, Associate Professor of Law @ Fordham University, and Gene B., Deputy Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, December, Prospective Overruling and the Revival of "unconstitutional" Statutes, 93 Colum. L. Rev. 1902, Columbia Law Review)

A judicial decision invalidating a statute also skews the political dynamic because, as a
AND
different for the two camps, he voted in favor of the bill.

4. Congress key to Chinese investment – hostility perception.

Rosen and Hanemann 2011
Daniel H. Rosen is Founder and China Practice leader of the Rhodium Group and adjuct professor at Columbia University, Thilo Hanemann is Research Director at the Rhodium Group, AN AMERICAN OPEN DOOR?, May 2011, http://asiasociety.org/files/pdf/AnAmericanOpenDoor_FINAL.pdf

Though the annual numbers are doubling, there is a growing perception in China that
AND
in this messaging given its oversight role and recent activism on foreign investment.

5. Turn- Delay-

the CP will be appealed which delays the final decision

Rosenberg, Law Prof- Chicago, 1991 (Gerald, The Hollow Hope, pg. 87)

The judiciary, like other large political institutions, is afflicted with many bureaucratic problems
AND
judicial remedy is to return to court and re-start the process.

6. Delays causes FDI chilling that wrecks the economy

Hamilton and Quinlan 06 (Daniel, and Joseph, Protecting Our Prosperity
Ensuring Both National Security and the Benefits of Foreign Investment in the United States, NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY, JUNE, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/transatlantic-topics/Articles/economy/ProtectingOurProsperity_NFAP_June_20_2006.pdf) 

Fifth, don’t shoot yourself in the foot. Political uncertainties and potential delays for
AND
inflation, less innovation, lower wages, and lower stock prices. 35

7. CP will be rolled back.

Pacelle, poli sci prof-Missouri, 02 (Richard, poli sci prof and legal studies coordinator at the univ of Missouri at St. Louis The Role of the Supreme Court in American Politics: The Least Dangerous Branch?, p92)
Even if the Supreme Court was to carve out some sphere of power for itself
AND
the other branches and the public, the cost is its institutional legitimacy. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

OIL DA

Supply will increase inevitably –

Sudan

CFR 10/8
Oil Diplomacy in the Sudans, October 8, 2012, Interviewee: Alex de Waal, Executive Director, World Peace Foundation, Tufts University Interviewer: Christopher Alessi, Online Editor/Writer, http://www.cfr.org/sudan/oil-diplomacy-sudans/p29214
The immediate effect is that oil production and export is going to resume as soon
AND
domestic use, will also be back to pre-conflict levels soon.

Productivity

Murtaugh 9/14
Dan, Bloomberg News, North Dakota’s Bakken Oil Output Passes 600,000 Barrels a Day, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-14/north-dakota-s-bakken-oil-output-passes-600-000-barrels-a-day.html

Oil production from the North Dakota portion of the Bakken shale formation topped 600,
AND
highest annual level since 1991, according to department figures compiled by Bloomberg.

Prices will be stabilized –Oil companies

Macdonald 9-6-12
Gregor, contributing editor to Peak Prosperity and energy market expert, The Repricing of Oil, September 6 2012, http://www.peakprosperity.com/blog/79590/repricing-oil-http://www.peakprosperity.com/blog/79590/repricing-oil

The oil market now understands that should prices fall below %2490, it starts
AND
far and wide digging up expensive, hard-to-extract oil.

Price volatility inevitable

Goldwyn 12 (David, http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/events/2012/6/29%20iran%20sanctions/20120629_sanctions_iran)

Well, Steve, oil markets are notoriously volatile, so lots of things can
AND
probability, I think, but you could have a disruption in Venezuela. 

If not here, they’ll invest elsewhere

Scissors, Senior Research Fellow-Heritage, 12 (Derek, Senior Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy, and Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs , "China Buys Canadian Energy: Lessons for the U.S.," July 26, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/china-buys-canadian-energy-lessons-for-the-us)

Wide-Ranging Implications One policy implication of CNOOC–Nexen is thus a bit
AND
regulatory oversight, and is a close American ally is the ideal alternative.

—-No Link-Oil production doesn’t affect prices-36 years of data prove

Columbian 12 ("More U.S. drilling won’t ease gas prices at pump" http://www.columbian.com/news/2012/mar/21/more-us-drilling-wont-ease-gas-price-at-pump/)
It’s the political cure-all for high gas prices: Drill here, drill
AND
would provide — it would at most cut gas prices by 10 percent.

Prices are low now

Energy Guardian 11-7 (Sandy Shore, AP Business Writer, "Oil falls to lowest level since July," from daily email sent from the Energy Guardian on Nov 11, 2012, from http://www.energyguardian.net)
The price of oil tumbled nearly 5 percent Wednesday, its biggest decline of the
AND
day in the third quarter from 14.7 million a year earlier.

Russian decline now –Capital

Khamraeva 9/17/12
V., Telegraph/Russia Behind the Headlines, Experts foresee new wave of financial crisis in Russia, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/business/9547777/russia-financial-crisis-second-wave.html

Economic experts warn, however, that a new crisis is just around the corner
AND
financial regulators such as the Fed and the ECB use," he said.

Russian FDI policy explicitly models CFIUS

Gill et al 2009
Franklin E., retired Research Professor of Law, University of New Mexico School of Law and Chief Corporate Financial Counsel, Sun Company, Inc. The International Lawyer Vol 43 No 2 Summer 2009, Russia and Ukraine, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/multimedia/international_law/docs/committees/russia_eurasia/russiaeurasiayir.authcheckdam.pdf

One of Vladimir Putin’s last acts in his capacity as Russia’s president was to sign
AND
few significant differences, however, in how the two laws are structured.

FDI is key to Russian oil and gas modernization – capital intensive.

Heinrich and Pleines 2012 
Dr. Andreas Heinrich and Dr. Heiko Pleines are working at the Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen, The Political Challenges of an Oil Boom: the Resource Curse and Political Stability in Russia RUSSIAN ANALYTICAL DIGEST No. 113, 15 May 2012 http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/RAD-113.pdf

With no relevant legislation in place, all post-Soviet states saw production sharing
AND
to resource nationalism the role of state companies in the industry was increased. 

Inward FDI is key to Russian growth

Ogutcu 2002
Mehmet, former Head of the OECDs Global Forum on international investment and regional outreach programmes, ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOR RUSSIA’S MODERNIZATION 19 June 2002 http://www.oecd.org/investment/investmentfordevelopment/1942539.pdf

However, what has been achieved to date is not in itself enough to guarantee
AND
the rest of the economy, which is in dire need of capital.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Plan

Thus the plan: The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews.

Inherency

Contention 1- the Status Quo

The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS.  These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.

Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Relations

Contention 2 US-China relations:

US China economic relations are on the brink- China knows that election rhetoric is just bluster, but US investment openness remains a key issue for relations.

Fung, associate editor-The Atlantic, 10-16-12 (Brian Fung, associate editor at The Atlantic, He has written previously for Foreign Policy and The Washington Post, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/dont-panic-us-chinese-economic-cooperation-isnt-about-to-break-down/263652/~~%23)
Skim the economic headlines of the past few weeks, and it would be easy
AND
that what looks like a snub is sometimes just part of doing business.

Conflicts over the US foreign investment process risk shattering the relationship.  The plan sends a strong signal of cooperation towards China.

Xu 11 (Ting, senior project manager-Bertelsmann Foundation, The Next Big Threat to US-China Ties, July 13, http://thediplomat.com/2011/07/13/the-next-big-threat-to-us-china-ties/)
The United States and China have long lobbed verbal grenades across the Pacific, each
AND
a win-win situation that would also boost Sino-American collaboration.

And, investment restrictions spark a Chinese nationalist backlash that could escalate to war—clarifying CFIUS is key.

Dorn 05 (James A, China specialist and VP for academic affairs at Cato, U.S.-China Relations in the Wake of CNOOC, CATO Policy Analysis, Nov 2, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa553.pdf)
The message that Congress should send China is the message Liu Junning, an independent
AND
will depend on sound free-market policies, not on destructive protectionism.

Collapse of relations risks nuclear war.

Wittner 11 (Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace %26 Change, a journal of peace research, "COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?," November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html)
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.  
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.

Economy

Chinese FDI in the US stands to skyrocket, but politicization of the CFIUS review process threatens this investment.  The US must take new steps to send a signal that Chinese investment is welcome.

Rosen and Hanemann 11 (Daniel, principal at RHG and Adjunct Professor at Columbia, and Thilo, Research Director- the Rhodium Group, Chinese FDI in the United States is taking off: How to maximize its benefits?, http://www.vcc.columbia.edu/content/chinese-fdi-united-states-taking-how-maximize-its-benefits)

China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) grew rapidly in the past decade,
AND
a test case for how the United States deals with these new realities.

And, energy restrictions destroy investor confidence, which crushes the dollar and triggers economic recession- the vague CFIUS interpretation of national security chills ALL foreign investment.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167)
B. National Security and Investor Uncertainty The uncertain interpretation of national security in Exon
AND
investment is more vital than ever to provide liquidity to American markets. 164

We’re on the brink of a double dip recession- boosting investor confidence is key.

Rickards, 12 (James, economist and investment banker with 35 years of experience working in capital markets on Wall Street and the author of NYT Bestselling book Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, "Why We Should Still Be Worried about a Double-Dip Recession," February 27, 2012, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/02/27/why-we-should-still-be-worried-about-a-double-dip-recession)
The late summer and fall of 2011 was filled with fears of a double-
AND
certainty returns and, on current form, that may be years away.

And, the plan is a quick injection of capital which is critical to economic recovery.

Xu et al 12 (Ting, China and Economy consultant for Bertelsmann Stiftung, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20in%20Hand%20Second%20Edition%20final.pdf)
Although Chinese FDI has drawn increasing attention in the U.S. and Germany
AND
in bringing those countries that are facing a credit crunch back to growth. 

And, economic decline causes war.

Royal 2010  Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Gas

Contention 4 is Chinese Gas

China is limiting itself to "hands off" oil and gas deals – these small partnerships don’t secure technical expertise to develop Chinese shale – this puts them decades behind gas targets

Mandel 7-17 (Jenny, Reporter for EnergyWire, a daily publication covering the unconventional oil and gas sectors, Previous positions with E%26E include editing Land Letter and writing news and feature stories for Greenwire, ClimateWire, and other news outlets, "Will U.S. shale technology make the leap across the Pacific?," EnergyWire: Tuesday, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1)

Modes of tech transfer Despite the challenges, the allure of a massive new domestic
AND
pursue contracts for natural gas imports to satisfy the strong and growing demand.

US gas companies currently negotiate passive deals for China because of CFIUS restrictions.

Knowledge @ Wharton 12 (China’s Underground Race for Shale Gas, aug 21, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2851)

Meanwhile, in the U.S., shale gas leaders, such as Devon
AND
Chinese companies may be able to negotiate better terms, says CATF’s Sung.

Only the US has the expertise necessary for China to develop its shale resources- increased Chinese access to US drilling techniques and regulatory methods is critical.

Forbes, manager- Shale Gas Initiative at the World Resources Institute, 12 (Sarah, also the Senior Associate for the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION: "CHINA’S GLOBAL QUEST FOR RESOURCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES; CHINA’S PROSPECTS FOR SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.," January 26, http://pdf.wri.org/testimony/forbes_testimony_china_shale_gas_2012-01-26.pdf)
Are there risks as well as opportunities for U.S. companies? From
AND
aware of and take into account while pursuing and designing Chinese domestic development. 

Chinese shale development key to displace their coal use—renewables cant be scaled up fast enough.

Hanger 12 (John, Special Counsel at the law firm Eckert Seamans, and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, "China Gets Cracking on Fracking: The Best Environmental News Of The Year?,"  Aug 14,  http://johnhanger.blogspot.com/2012/08/china-gets-cracking-on-fracking-good.html)

China sits on natural gas reserves that are estimated to be 50% higher than the massive gas reserves in the USA. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120808-china-shale-gas/. Despite this gargantuan gas resource, coal provides China 80% of its electricity, compared to 34% in the USA, as of May 2012. Why the difference? The shale gas boom that is now more than 10 years long in the USA is just getting started in China and so the Chinese remain heavily reliant on coal to make electricity and for their total energy. Around the world, the basic energy choice is coal or gas. China is just the biggest example of this fundamental fact. China’s reliance on coal means that its economic growth brings skyrocketing carbon emissions and other air pollution. Indeed, Chinese air quality is infamous around the world, and smog has been so thick that Beijing airport has been unable to land planes for short periods. As of 2011, China was responsible for 29% of the world’s carbon emissions, while the US produced 16%, even though the US economy is still considerably bigger than China’s. Moreover, US carbon emissions are declining to 1992 levels, but China’s emissions skyrocket. Though China is building substantial new wind, solar, and nuclear generation, those investments are not enough to cut Chinese coal consumption, given economic growth that is still 7% in what some describe as an economic slowdown. Shale gas, however, could be big enough to actually displace significant amounts of coal in China. More gas in China means less mercury, soot. lead, smog, and carbon emissions. China’s energy plans call for shale gas to provide 6% of its total energy as soon as 2020.  If it achieves that goal, China will avoid more than 500 million tons of carbon pollution per year or about 1.5% of today’s total carbon emissions.

Increasing demand for Chinese coal production causes water shortages which threaten economic collapse and political instability.

Schneider 11 (Keith, senior editor for Circle of Blue-a nonprofit focusing on resource shortages founded in 2000, Choke Point: China—Confronting Water Scarcity and Energy Demand in the World’s Largest Country, Feb 15, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/choke-point-china%E2%80%94confronting-water-scarcity-and-energy-demand-in-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-country/)
By any measure, conventional and otherwise, China’s tireless advance to international economic prominence
AND
rising incomes and improving opportunities, is at risk, say some authorities.

Chinese economic collapse causes Asian and Middle East conflict- China will turn outwardly aggressive.

Newmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY "ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION" APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
 So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
AND
the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China.

And, pollution from coal causes environmental protests that threaten CCP rule.

LeVine 12 (Steve, author of The Oil and the Glory, Foreign Policy contributor,  CHINA The Cost of Coal , The Weekly Wrap — Aug. 3, 2012, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i-http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i)

China’s moment of coal truth: A question that has vexed us for some time
AND
and economic outcomes. And yet that is exactly what we are seeing.

Those pollution protests causes Chinese instability and CCP lashout

Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China’s Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195%26no_cache=1)

As the impact of pollution on human health becomes more obvious and widespread, it
AND
border. All of these situations would alter security assumptions in the region. 

This causes the CCP to launch WMDs and kill billions to try to hold onto power

Renxin 05 Renxin, Journalist, 8-3-2K5 (San, "CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death," Epoch Times, www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)
Since the Party’s life is "above all else," it would not be surprising
AND
as something one finds difficult to tell whether it is false or true. 

And, Chinese pollution causes nuclear war with Russia

Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China’s Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195%26no_cache=1)

In addition to the concerns already mentioned, pollution, if linked to a specific
AND
in full-scale war between two powerful, nuclear-equipped nations. 

And, shale development key to Chinese energy security.

Downs 00 (Erica, China Fellow @ Brookings, CHINA’S ENERGY SECURITY ACTIVITIES, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1244/MR1244.ch3.pdf)

The Chinese government can also improve China’s energy security through development of the country’s natural
AND
concerns—possibly a fear of foreign control over China’s gas resources. 76

The impact is China-India energy wars.

Clement 12 (Nicholas, China and India Vie for Energy Security, May 25, http://www.2point6billion.com/news/2012/05/25/china-and-india-vie-for-energy-security-11177.html)

The competitive relationship between China and India has become a defining feature of the strategic
AND
ongoing diplomatic engagement between China and India to avoid unnecessary or accidental escalation.

Solvency

Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude "energy assets" insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.

And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.

Ellis-Vinson %26 Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html-http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html
Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,
AND
energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007.

And, the US should clarify that energy production does not undermine national security— explicitly exempting specific industries from CFIUS review is key.

Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)
What does this all mean for Exon-Florio? Almost since its enactment,
AND
from global energy markets might result in a greater risk of supply disruption).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

scs

No disad- US offshore knowledge doesn’t translate to the South China Sea’s geology AND China can already just outsource it if they really want.

Downs, China Fellow @ Brookings, 10-10-12 (Erica, China’s Oil Investment Is Not a Threat, Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/10/China_Nexen_CNOOC_CFIUS?page=full)

2. It won’t help CNOOC in the South China Sea. After CNOOC announced
AND
South China Sea limit the portability of U.S.-gained expertise.

We would obviously monitor China in the South China Sea and control escalation.

Scissors and Cheng 12 (Derek Scissors, PhD , is Senior Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy and Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs in the Asian Studies Center at The Heritage Foundation, China Buys Canadian Energy: Lessons for the U.S., july 31, http://www.chinausfocus.com/energy-environment/china-buys-canadian-energy-lessons-for-the-u-s/)
Neither the Administration nor Congress should publicly oppose CNOOC’s acquisition of Nexen or privately pressure
AND
PRC’s employment of acquired technology in sensitive areas should continue to be monitored.

Nexen deal makes this inevitable.

Scissors, Senior Research Fellow-Heritage, 12 (Derek, Senior Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy, and Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs , "China Buys Canadian Energy: Lessons for the U.S.," July 26, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/china-buys-canadian-energy-lessons-for-the-us)
On the security dimension, China has again demonstrated the ability to improve its technology
AND
to the PRC that the U.S. stands with its allies.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

T Production

—-The plan specifies that it removes restrictions only on the production stage. There is no other way to read it and the plan should be the ultimate arbiter of this question.

—-Foreign investment restrictions apply to extraction

Clark-partner Dewey %26 LeBoeuf LLP-11
LIMITS ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN THE PETROLEUM SECTOR: CFIUS INVESTMENT SCREENING,
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, ANTI-BRIBERY RULES, AND OTHER MEASURES
http://tjogel.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ware_final1.pdf-http://tjogel.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ware_final1.pdf

B. Petroleum Industry Experience and Challenges: Exon-Florio Although CFIUS’s focus on
AND
assets, creating some uncertainty for potential mergers and acquisitions in this sector. 

—-On indicates focus of the plan

Merriam Webster Online
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on-http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on
Definition of ON

9a —used as a function word to indicate destination or the focus of some action, movement, or directed effort crept up on him feast your eyes on this working on my skiing made a payment on the loan
b —used as a function word to indicate the focus of feelings, determination, or will have pity on me keen on sorts a curse on you
c —used as a function word to indicate the object with respect to some misfortune or disadvantageous event the crops died on them
d —used as a function word to indicate the subject of study, discussion, or consideration a book on insects reflect on that a moment agree on price
e : with respect to go light on the salt short on cash

—-We meet—-the investment restrictions are on energy production

—-the plan applies to 100 percent of production

Rosen and Hanemann-Rhodium Group-11 (An American  Open Door? Maximizing the Benefits of  Chinese Foreign Direct Investment, http://www.ogilvypr.com/files/anamericanopendoor_china_fdi_study.pdf)

Several high-profile deals fired up these debates, such as the takeover of
AND
highlevel official—deputy secretary or higher—taking responsibility for the exemption).

—-The plan is directly tied to oil and gas production-Capital is intrinsically tied to future increases

Houston Chronicle 1/4/12      International players jump at U.S. shale   Simone Sebastian
http://www.chron.com/business/article/International-players-jump-at-U-S-shale-2439490.php-http://www.chron.com/business/article/International-players-jump-at-U-S-shale-2439490.php

Energy companies are funneling billions of dollars into the booming business of U.S
AND
70 percent of Devon’s drilling costs, about %241.6 billion. 

—-C/I-Production is a distinct stage from exploration, transportation, storage, and distribution.

Elcock 04 (Deborah, ’Environmental Policy and Regulatory Constraints to Natural Gas Production," Argonne National Laboratory, Dec, http://www.ipd.anl.gov/anlpubs/2004/12/51652.pdf)

In 1999, the National Petroleum Council (NPC) reported that the demand for
AND
and long-term strategies for mitigating these environmental policy and regulatory constraints.

—-Our interpretation is Superior-it allows a core set of affirmatives that remove restrictions related to extraction. It excludes restrictions before or after the production stage like exploration and transportation.

—-Reasonability-Competing interpretations encourage a race to the bottom. Limits for limits sake have destroyed affirmative ground on the last several topics. You should err affirmative if our interpretation is proven debatable.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

CP

Doesn’t solve- your author

Graham and Marchick 5 ~Edward, Peterson Institute for International Economics and David Covington %26 Burling, Op-Ed in the Financial Times, quoted in their Carroll evidence, "A Misplaced Curb on Investment," 10-5, http://www.iie.com/publications/opeds/oped.cfm?ResearchID=568-http://www.iie.com/publications/opeds/oped.cfm?ResearchID=568~~

Congress should not be empowered to overturn the president’s national security decisions on particular transactions
AND
national security interests, America should welcome all other FDI with open arms.

US resistance to the Nexen deal makes China think the US is still hostile to energy production FDI.

Tyson 8-10-12 (Laura, former Chair of the President’s Council of Economic Advisers from 1993 to 1995 for Clinton, Benefits of Chinese investment, Australian Financial Review, lexis)

Many Chinese investors view the CFIUS screening process as protectionist and targeted at them,
AND
needs the jobs, capital, and trade benefits that it would bring.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Immigration Reform

Won’t pass – house GOP and lack of electoral incentives

Workpermit.com 12/31/12 (Workpermit is a specialist visa consultancy with nearly twenty-five years of experience dealing with visa applications. We are OISC registered. We can help with a wide range of visa applications to the UK or your country of choice. Please feel free to contact us for further details, "White House to campaign for immigration reform in 2013" http://www.workpermit.com/immigration-video.htm-http://www.workpermit.com/immigration-video.htm) 

Many Republican Party strategists say that, if the Republicans adopt an anti-immigration
AND
whether enough Republican Representatives will vote for change when the chips are down. 

====Won’t pass – GOP doesn’t want Obama’s plan – assumes the optimism of their evidence ====
Stanage and Easley 12/17/12 (Niall, Jonathan, staffwriters for the hill
"Republican leaders balance politics and principle on immigration reform" http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/273137-republican-leaders-balance-politics-and-principle-on-immigration-reform)

Senior Republicans say the party is struggling to thread the needle on immigration reform,
AND
it," he said. "Republicans, realistically, can’t be obstructionist."

Gun control will swamp it

UPI 12/30/12 ("Immigration reform being overshadowed?" http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/12/30/Immigration-reform-being-overshadowed/UPI-12951356886806/-http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/12/30/Immigration-reform-being-overshadowed/UPI-12951356886806/) 

WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 (UPI) — The U.S. economy
AND
Alfonso Aguilar, a Republican strategist at the Latino Partnership for Conservative Principles.

And so will energy and multiple other issues – Obama is not focusing on immigration reform

Munro 12/31/12 (Neil, "Obama promises new immigration plan but keeps endgame close to his vest" http://dailycaller.com/2012/12/31/obama-promises-new-immigration-plan-but-keeps-endgame-close-to-his-vest/3/-http://dailycaller.com/2012/12/31/obama-promises-new-immigration-plan-but-keeps-endgame-close-to-his-vest/3/) 

President Barack Obama promised Dec. 30 to introduce an immigration bill during 2013,
AND
Joe Biden’s task force is putting together as we speak," he said.

China FDI popular – economic considerations and China lobby

Schatz 10-5-12 (Joseph, POLITICO Pro’s tax editor. Before
AND
black and white," Politico.com October 5, 2012, lexis)
Mitt Romney’s hard-hitting ads claim President Barack Obama needs to "stand up
AND
Obama administration has also made efforts to link Chinese firms with American companies.

The plan is guidance not legislation

Jackson 10 (James K. Jackson, CRS Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Foreign Investment, CFIUS, and Homeland Security: An Overview, February 4,   http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/138597.pdf)

While CFIUS’s activities often seem to be quite opaque, the Committee is not free
AND
interest activities from falling under foreign control, primarily for national defense purposes. 

That means no link

Hamilton and Schroeder 1994 ~James T. Hamilton is an assistant Professor of Public Policy, Economics and Political Science at Duke University, Christopher H. Schroeder is a Professor of Law at Duke University School of Law "Strategic Regulators and the Choice of Rulemaking Procedures: The Selection of Formal vs. Informal Rules in Regulating Hazardous Waste http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4229%26context=lcp~~
3. As the regulatory costs imposed on parties increase, the more likely the
AND
parties since informal rules may be applied with more discretion than formal rules.

Winners win

Heineman 10 (Ben Heineman Jr. has held top positions in government, law, and business. He is the author of High Performance with High Integrity "No Presidential Greatness Without Spending Political Capital" http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/-http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/)
Only in recent months, when he was willing to make it his personal issue
AND
echoes decisions of his great Democratic predecessors, Harry Truman and Lyndon Johnson. 

Basic scientific nature and self-preservation make global scientific cooperation inevitable
Potocnik, 06 (Janez, European Commissioner for Science and Research, 1AC Article, 3/7/2006. "Between cooperation and Competition - Science and Research as a Transatlantic Bridge Builder", http://www.iterfan.org/index.php?option=com_content%26task=view%26id=139%26Itemid=2)
Cooperation shortens the path leading from science to innovation and from knowledge to solutions in
AND
mix of cooperation and competition is often the key to performance and achievement.

1- No worker shortage – their ev is based on false allegations by corporations.
Gene Nelson, IT professional, "Foreign workers take jobs away from skilled Americans," 8/21/2008, http://www.numbersusa.com/content/node/1304
Wealthy advocates of H-1B visas have industriously worked to keep this employer-
AND
fill openings in technology fields that are generated by retirements and business expansion.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

K

—-The role of the ballot is assess the desirability of a topical policy option.

====(1.) Fairness —- Creates a predictable limit on the debate and prevents mooting 9 minutes of affirmative speech time.====

(2.) Education —- Economic policy proscriptions are inevitable —- Voting affirmative ensures debaters are educated to evaluate economics correctly and empower good policy analysis.

Timmer, 1998
C. Peter, Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Development Studies at Harvard University, Adding Value Through Policy-Oriented Research: Reflections of a Scholar-Practitioner, IMPACT ASSESSMENT DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 4, http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/48291/2/iadp04.pdf
These factors, in turn, raise issues about how to train policy analysts to
AND
in a public forum where policymakers are listening, empowers good policy analysis.

—-The affirmative is a prerequisite to the critique.

(A.) Recessions and economic collapse consolidate the worst forms of predatory capitalism. Means "their" impacts are really "our" impacts.

Mead 2009 
Walter Russell, Senior Fellow @ the Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8%26p=2
And yet, this relentless series of crises has not disrupted the rise of a
AND
in the international system, helping stronger countries marginalize and impoverish developing ones.

(B.) The alternative fractures the left —- Rejecting the plan for embracing free trade unites the alternative with right wing china bashers and fractures opposition to the Pentagon’s militarist china policy.

Bello %26 Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
A coalition of forces seeks to deprive China of permanent normal trading relations (PNTR
AND
, "the wrong war at the wrong place at the wrong time".

(C.) Nationalist scapegoating precludes anti-capitalist mobilization —- CFIUS allows all the problems of capitalism to be blamed on China.

Moody 2000
Kim, staff writer for Labor Notes and author of An Injury to All and Workers in a Lean World, Protectionism or Solidarity? (Part I), http://www.solidarity-us.org/site/node/951
From a Marxist point of view, it seems obvious that the roots of economic
AND
to the defense of the business in the protection afforded by the border.

—-Permutation Do Both —- Plan %26 Alt

(if Puget alt) Do the plan in favor of classist politics

(if ASU alt) Vote affirmative to do the plan and adopt the historical material criticism of the 1NC

—-Only the permutation solves —- Withdrawing from global trade locks the alternative within a nationalist frame precluding transnational solidarity and organization.

Bello %26 Mittal 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
The anti-China trade campaign amounts to a Faustian bargain that seeks to buy
AND
power of global corporations and multilateral agencies that promote TNC-led globalization.

—-Capitalism will not collapse %26 rejection surrenders to the right —- The only solution is transforming the structures of trade from within.

Zizek 2007 
Slavoj, Resistance is Surrender, London Review of Books, http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n22/slavoj-zizek/resistance-is-surrender  
One of the clearest lessons of the last few decades is that capitalism is indestructible
AND
sense, but in order to better it or attenuate its malicious effect’?

—-The alternative fails —- Markets are inevitable and culturally universal.

Lavoie and Chamlee-Wright 2000
Don Lavoie Professor of Economics at George Mason University and Emily Chamlee-Wright Associate Professor of Economics and Management at Beloit College, Culture and Enterprise: the development, representation, and morality of business p. 47-48
Indeed the favorite stick with which the left likes to hit economists is the claim
AND
human society has a strong propensity to generate and engage in market activity.  

—-Total rejection of capitalism fragments resistance and creates a self-fulfilling structures of oppression —- Only the permutation of combining criticism with specific policy solutions solves.

Gibson-Grahm 1996
J.K., feminist economist, End of Capitalism, pg 263-264
One of our goals as Marxists has been to produce a knowledge of capitalism.  
AND
its unity a fantasy, visible as a denial of diversity and change. 

—-Numerous studies disprove historical materialism’s causal truth claims.

Steele 1992  
David Ramsay, author and Editorial Director of Open Court Publishing Company - From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation pg. 358-360
Marx also says that the relations are inevitably entered into ~some translations: ’are
AND
changes were somehow sealed off from having any direct influence on the relations.

—-The Indian caste system proves capitalism isn’t the root of all exploitation —- This is a 100% takeout since their totalizing claim that all history is organized by class means all we need is one example to disprove it.

Steele 1992  
David Ramsay, author and Editorial Director of Open Court Publishing Company - From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation pg. 361-362
To contradict historical materialism, it’s only necessary to claim that the relations changed once
AND
limited set of claims about the relations between forces and relations of production.

() Economic collapse isn’t inevitable —- Capitalism is empirically resilient in the face of systemic flaws and their authors are biased.

Moynihan 2008
Michael, Associate Editor, Reason Magazine and visiting fellow from the Swedish Policy institute Timbro, "The Rise of Disaster Socialism," http://www.reason.com/news/show/129535.html
So it’s equally unsurprising that we are now seeing Naomi Klein’s thesis in reverse—
AND
a little shock therapy of their own. And who could blame them?

—-Turn —- Interdependence.

(A.) Rejecting trade makes war inevitable —- Extend Patrick —- Collapsing trade relations creates a spiraling cycle of suspicion and nationalism where every foreign business action is seen as zero sum with American national security.

(B.) Solves their turns —- Interdependence creates an ethic of mutual recognition and respect between competitors that doesn’t require the instrumentalization of all life.

Badhwar 2007
Neera K., Associate Professor of Philosophy at University of Oklahoma - September "Friendship and Commercial Societies" Forthcoming in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics http://praxeology.net/guest-badhwar1.htm-http://praxeology.net/guest-badhwar1.htm
I have argued that the critics of market societies misunderstand both markets and friendship by
AND
friendlier to civic and character friendship than any other developed form of society.

—-Turn —- Anti-markets

(A.) CFIUS securitization is anti-market neoliberalism.

Daily Times 2006
EDITORIAL: Economic neo-liberalism vs political realism, February 26^th, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C02%5C26%5Cstory_26-2-2006_pg3_1
Ditto for CNOOC’s Unocal bid. China had no part to play in rearing Al
AND
to everyone’s advantage, politics has its own ideas of security and protectionism.

(B.) The removal of anti-market forces solves bad capitalism and is historically distinct from the system described in their evidence.

De Landa 1998
Manuel, Markets and Antimarkets in the World Economy, http://www.alamut.com/subj/economics/de_landa/antiMarkets.html
When approaching the subject of economic power, one can safely ignore the entire field
AND
completely, and to begin speaking of markets and antimarkets and their dynamics.

—-Space —-

() Turn Space Colonization —- (A.) Growth is key and independently resolves all their resource scarcity impacts.

Engdahl 1994
Sylvia, award-winning science fiction writer, "Space and Human Survival, Part I," http://www.sylviaengdahl.com/space/survival.htm
I have called this stage in our evolution the "Critical Stage." Paul Levinson
AND
, but give all cultures equal access to resources that are virtually unlimited. 

(B.) Every second we waste not colonizing space kills a hundred trillion people.

Bostrum 2002 
Nick, Department of Philosophy, Yale University, Director of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, "Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development," Preprint, Utilitas Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 308-314, http://www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html
As I write these words, suns are illuminating and heating empty rooms, unused
AND
beings is lost for every second of postponement of colonization of our supercluster.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

plif

Iran proliferation makes the risk of nuke war in the Middle East extremely high- 1ac Kahl ev

Iran prolif setting off a chain reaction is uniquely bad bc it would show international nonprolif efforts fail- Iran pulls out of the NPT- Kahl ev

This risks global nuclear conflict- new prolif risks theft, unauthorized use, terrorism, and crisis escalation.

Busch, Professor of Government-Christopher Newport, 04 (Nathan, "No End in Sight: The Continuing Menace of Nuclear Proliferation" p 281-314)
Summing Up: Will the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be Better or Worse?
AND
proliferation in hopes that the stability predicted by the optimists will indeed occur.

New prolif wont result in stable deterrence- and accidents outweigh

Sagan 03, Political Science at Stanford University, ’3 (Scott– Co-director of the Center for International Security and Cooperation, "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed" p 83)
The nuclear optimists’ view that the spread of nuclear weapons will produce stable deterrence is
AND
evidence from the nuclear-proliferating world unfortunately supports this more pessimistic view.

Nuclearization causes Iranian naval aggression and increases their support for terrorism against the US and Israel.

Kahl 12 (Colin, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East and Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security,  Iran and the Bomb, Foreign Affairs; Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p157-162)

Specifically, a nuclear-armed Tehran would likely provide Hezbollah and Palestinian militants with
AND
neighbors through more coercive diplomacy and subversion in Iraq and the Gulf states.

They say anti proliferation bad – 1) we make it literally impossible for Iran to nuclearize, cripple the economy 2) we’re not anti-prolif like the NPT we negotiate with Iran Kahl indicates this gets them to the table

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan
Thus the plan: The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews. 

Inherency
Contention 1- the Status Quo
The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS.  These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.
Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Prolif
Contention 2 iran:
Removing restrictions on investment in US oil and gas production is the best way to get China to increase their support for Iran sanctions- that’s critical to effective international pressure.
Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 7-19-12 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, “Getting China to Turn on Iran,” July 19, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/getting-china-turn-iran-7215)

Over the past decade, as the United States employed increasingly robust sanctions to gradually
AND
This dual stance is attributable to the business decisions made by China’s NOCs.

Allowing Chinese majority shares of US oil and gas production is critical garnering Chinese compliance on Iran.  Only the signal of the plan solves Iran nuclearization.
Downs, Brookings China Fellow, October ‘12 (Erica, CHINA, IRAN AND THE NEXEN DEAL, OPTIONS POLITIQUES, http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/oct12/downs.pdf)
Meanwhile the expansion of the Chinese NOC footprint in the United States has coincided with
AND
nuclear program may run through the headquarters of CNOOC, CNPC and Sinopec. 

Iranian nuclearization makes nuclear war inevitable in the Middle East- even small conflicts could escalate to all out war.
Kahl, Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Colin, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East and Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security,  Iran and the Bomb, Foreign Affairs; Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p157-162)
Waltz writes that "policymakers and citizens in the Arab world, Europe, Israel
AND
and the consequences of even a low-probability outcome could be devastating.
Iranian nuclearization causes regional and global arms racing.
Cirincione 06 (Joseph, Sr. Assoc. and Director @ the Non-Proliferation Project @ the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Summer, SAIS Review, “A New Non-Proliferation Strategy”)
The danger posed by the acquisition of nuclear weapons by Iran or North Korea is
AND
decade-compounded by the existing political and territorial disputes still unresolved.4
Sanctions work- evidence suggests they will bring Iran back to the negotiating table.
Kahl 12 (Colin, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Not Time to Attack Iran, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 91, Issue 2)
 In making the case for preventive war as the least bad option, Kroenig
AND
emphasize that all options, including military action, remain on the table.
Economy
Chinese FDI to the US declined sharply in 2012 but could rebound if the US takes steps to liberalize its national security FDI policy towards China.
Hanemann 12-28 (Theo, research director at the Rhodium Group and leads the firm’s cross-border investment work, Chinese FDI in the US in 2012, http://rhgroup.net/notes/chinese-direct-investmnet-in-the-u-s-in-2012-a-record-year-amid-a-gloomy-fdi-environment)
AGAINST THE GLOBAL TREND The recent growth of Chinese investment is even more remarkable in
AND
the United States remains a top destination for FDI from China and elsewhere.
And, energy restrictions destroy investor confidence, which crushes the dollar and triggers economic recession- the vague CFIUS interpretation of national security chills ALL foreign investment.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)
B. National Security and Investor Uncertainty The uncertain interpretation of national security in Exon
AND
investment is more vital than ever to provide liquidity to American markets. 164
We’re on the brink of a double dip recession- boosting investor confidence is key.
Rickards, 12 (James, economist and investment banker with 35 years of experience working in capital markets on Wall Street and the author of NYT Bestselling book Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, “Why We Should Still Be Worried about a Double-Dip Recession,” February 27, 2012, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/02/27/why-we-should-still-be-worried-about-a-double-dip-recession)
The late summer and fall of 2011 was filled with fears of a double-
AND
certainty returns and, on current form, that may be years away.
And, the plan is a quick injection of capital which is critical to economic recovery.
Xu et al 12 (Ting, China and Economy consultant for Bertelsmann Stiftung, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20in%20Hand%20Second%20Edition%20final.pdf)
Although Chinese FDI has drawn increasing attention in the U.S. and Germany
AND
in bringing those countries that are facing a credit crunch back to growth.
And, economic decline causes war.
Royal 2010  Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
Gas
Contention 4 is Chinese Gas
China is limiting itself to “hands off” oil and gas deals – these small partnerships don’t secure technical expertise to develop Chinese shale – this puts them decades behind gas targets
Mandel 7-17 (Jenny, Reporter for EnergyWire, a daily publication covering the unconventional oil and gas sectors, Previous positions with EandE include editing Land Letter and writing news and feature stories for Greenwire, ClimateWire, and other news outlets, “Will U.S. shale technology make the leap across the Pacific?,” EnergyWire: Tuesday, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1)

Modes of tech transfer Despite the challenges, the allure of a massive new domestic
AND
pursue contracts for natural gas imports to satisfy the strong and growing demand.
US gas companies currently negotiate passive deals for China because of CFIUS restrictions.
Knowledge @ Wharton 12 (China's Underground Race for Shale Gas, aug 21, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2851)

Meanwhile, in the U.S., shale gas leaders, such as Devon
AND
Chinese companies may be able to negotiate better terms, says CATF's Sung.
Only the US has the expertise necessary for China to develop its shale resources- increased Chinese access to US drilling techniques and regulatory methods is critical.
Forbes, manager- Shale Gas Initiative at the World Resources Institute, 12 (Sarah, also the Senior Associate for the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION: “CHINA’S GLOBAL QUEST FOR RESOURCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES; CHINA’S PROSPECTS FOR SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.,” January 26, http://pdf.wri.org/testimony/forbes_testimony_china_shale_gas_2012-01-26.pdf)
Are there risks as well as opportunities for U.S. companies? From
AND
aware of and take into account while pursuing and designing Chinese domestic development.
Chinese shale development key to displace their coal use—renewables cant be scaled up fast enough.
Hanger 12 (John, Special Counsel at the law firm Eckert Seamans, and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, “China Gets Cracking on Fracking: The Best Environmental News Of The Year?,”  Aug 14,  http://johnhanger.blogspot.com/2012/08/china-gets-cracking-on-fracking-good.html)

China sits on natural gas reserves that are estimated to be 50% higher than the massive gas reserves in the USA. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120808-china-shale-gas/. Despite this gargantuan gas resource, coal provides China 80% of its electricity, compared to 34% in the USA, as of May 2012. Why the difference? The shale gas boom that is now more than 10 years long in the USA is just getting started in China and so the Chinese remain heavily reliant on coal to make electricity and for their total energy. Around the world, the basic energy choice is coal or gas. China is just the biggest example of this fundamental fact. China's reliance on coal means that its economic growth brings skyrocketing carbon emissions and other air pollution. Indeed, Chinese air quality is infamous around the world, and smog has been so thick that Beijing airport has been unable to land planes for short periods. As of 2011, China was responsible for 29% of the world's carbon emissions, while the US produced 16%, even though the US economy is still considerably bigger than China's. Moreover, US carbon emissions are declining to 1992 levels, but China's emissions skyrocket. Though China is building substantial new wind, solar, and nuclear generation, those investments are not enough to cut Chinese coal consumption, given economic growth that is still 7% in what some describe as an economic slowdown. Shale gas, however, could be big enough to actually displace significant amounts of coal in China. More gas in China means less mercury, soot. lead, smog, and carbon emissions. China's energy plans call for shale gas to provide 6% of its total energy as soon as 2020.  If it achieves that goal, China will avoid more than 500 million tons of carbon pollution per year or about 1.5% of today's total carbon emissions.
Increasing demand for Chinese coal production causes water shortages which threaten economic collapse and political instability.
Schneider 11 (Keith, senior editor for Circle of Blue-a nonprofit focusing on resource shortages founded in 2000, Choke Point: China—Confronting Water Scarcity and Energy Demand in the World’s Largest Country, Feb 15, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/choke-point-china%E2%80%94confronting-water-scarcity-and-energy-demand-in-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-country/)
By any measure, conventional and otherwise, China’s tireless advance to international economic prominence
AND
rising incomes and improving opportunities, is at risk, say some authorities.
Chinese economic collapse causes Asian and Middle East conflict- China will turn outwardly aggressive.
Newmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY “ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION” APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
 So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
AND
the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China.
And, pollution from coal causes environmental protests that threaten CCP rule.
LeVine 12 (Steve, author of The Oil and the Glory, Foreign Policy contributor,  CHINA The Cost of Coal , The Weekly Wrap -- Aug. 3, 2012, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i)

China's moment of coal truth: A question that has vexed us for some time
AND
and economic outcomes. And yet that is exactly what we are seeing.
Those pollution protests causes Chinese instability and CCP lashout
Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904andtx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195andno_cache=1)

As the impact of pollution on human health becomes more obvious and widespread, it
AND
border. All of these situations would alter security assumptions in the region. 

This causes the CCP to launch WMDs and kill billions to try to hold onto power
Renxin 05 Renxin, Journalist, 8-3-2K5 (San, “CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death,” Epoch Times, www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)
Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising
AND
as something one finds difficult to tell whether it is false or true. 

And, Chinese pollution causes nuclear war with Russia
Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904andtx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195andno_cache=1)

In addition to the concerns already mentioned, pollution, if linked to a specific
AND
in full-scale war between two powerful, nuclear-equipped nations. 

And, shale development key to Chinese energy security.
Downs 00 (Erica, China Fellow @ Brookings, CHINA’S ENERGY SECURITY ACTIVITIES, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1244/MR1244.ch3.pdf)

The Chinese government can also improve China’s energy security through development of the country’s natural
AND
concerns—possibly a fear of foreign control over China’s gas resources. 76

The impact is China-India energy wars.
Clement 12 (Nicholas, China and India Vie for Energy Security, May 25, http://www.2point6billion.com/news/2012/05/25/china-and-india-vie-for-energy-security-11177.html)

The competitive relationship between China and India has become a defining feature of the strategic
AND
ongoing diplomatic engagement between China and India to avoid unnecessary or accidental escalation.
Solvency
Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude “energy assets” insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.
And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.
Ellis-Vinson and Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html
Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,
AND
energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007.

And, the US should clarify that energy production does not undermine national security-- explicitly exempting specific industries from CFIUS review is key.
Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)
What does this all mean for Exon-Florio? Almost since its enactment,
AND
from global energy markets might result in a greater risk of supply disruption).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

CP

links to politics
doesn’t solve chilling

States are already trying—but removing federal restrictions is key.

Rosen and Hanemann-Rhodium Group-11
http://www.ogilvypr.com/files/anamericanopendoor_china_fdi_study.pdf-http://www.ogilvypr.com/files/anamericanopendoor_china_fdi_study.pdf
An American  Open Door? Maximizing the Benefits of  Chinese Foreign Direct Investment

2. Systematize the promotion of FDi from china and elsewhere.
A review of U.S. efforts to attract investment from China and other countries is needed. The
current laissez-faire approach stems from an era when the United States dominated global FDI
flows; it assumes that the United States remains unrivaled in its attractiveness and functions
as though all foreign investors come from similar countries that do not need much on-the ground assistance. That situation has changed. More proactive measures are needed, not just
at the state and local level, where earnest efforts are afoot, but also at the national level, where
formal and informal barriers to foreign investment arise.

—-Condition Counterplans are  a voting issue-there are an infinite number of possible conditions that are unpredictable. Condition counterplans undermine the affirmatives ability to generate offense by mooting the 1AC.

—-CP links to politics

Budnick et al 11 (Andrew, Princeton Task Force on Chinese Investment in the US, "Economic Patriotism: How to Deal with Chinese Investment," Dec,
http://www.princeton.edu/~~smeunier/Princeton_Task_Force_Report_Final_2011)

Costs: The costs of negotiations, which began anew in 2008, are minor compared to the potential benefits of increased bilateral investment. Still, if an agreement were reached, it might become political fodder for American politicians wary of China in general. Such a backlash might sour the treaty’s bid for Senate ratification.

—-Permute- do the plan and offer to China to conclude negotiations on a bilateral investment treaty. In the process of negotiations, the United States should ask for reciprocal concessions on investment in oil and gas production. The United States should implement the outcome of these negotiations. At the conclusion of an agreement the United States should open up negotiations with other interested countries to conclude similar agreements.

Rosen and Hanemann-Rhodium Group-11 (An American  Open Door? Maximizing the Benefits of  Chinese Foreign Direct Investment, http://www.ogilvypr.com/files/anamericanopendoor_china_fdi_study.pdf)

However, we recommend realism in our expectations. Reform in China is not going
AND
would strengthen the position of those in the United States advocating investment openness.

—-Permute- do the counterplan- it results in the plan’s reduction in investment restrictions, so it doesn’t sever

Exacerbates protectionism – opaque investment.

Truman 2010
Edwin M., Senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, former assistant secretary of the US Treasury for International Affairs, visiting economics lecturer at Amherst College and a visiting economics professor at Williams College. Sovereign Wealth Funds: Threat or Salvation? P67-68

Establishment of a standard of reciprocity as the quid pro quo for SWF investment may
AND
underlying issues by discouraging the home country from investing using normal commercial structures.

adv cps bad

—-China says no

A. "national treatment" provisions

Kong 10 (Qingjiang, Professor of Law of Zhejiang Gongshang University-China, US-CHINA BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY NEGOTIATIONS KONG, EAI Background Brief No. 507, Feb 25, http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/BB507.pdf)

The thrust of the US position is a high standard BIT. A BIT based
AND
issue has been the most difficult area of the talks since the outset.

B. Currency and enforcement issues-turns relations

Kong 10 (Qingjiang, Professor of Law of Zhejiang Gongshang University-China, US-CHINA BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY NEGOTIATIONS KONG, EAI Background Brief No. 507, Feb 25, http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/BB507.pdf)

Enforcement of the BIT will be another concern of the US side. The US
AND
the US and China unless either party’s stance is to be compromised.15

——Turn-Politicization

BIT locks in congressional meddling-domestic political considerations would move the goal post for Chinese compliance

Harvard International Law Journal 10 (The Harvard International Law Journal is the oldest and most-cited student-edited journal of international and comparative law, What Would a U.S.-China Bilateral Investment Treaty Mean?, March, http://www.harvardilj.org/2010/03/what-would-a-u-s-china-bilateral-investment-treaty-mean/)

A BIT typically permits aggrieved foreign investors to seek compensation for unfair or inequitable regulatory
AND
the issues surrounding a U.S.-China BIT merit careful scrutiny.

condo bad

—-Delay

A. BIT negotiations would be time-consuming

Kong 10 (Qingjiang, Professor of Law of Zhejiang Gongshang University-China, US-CHINA BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY NEGOTIATIONS KONG, EAI Background Brief No. 507, Feb 25, http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/BB507.pdf)

The US model BIT is characterized by the national treatment of foreign investors and foreign
AND
between the US and China unless either party’s stance is to be compromised. 

B. Delays crush investment

Marchick 07 (David, partner at Covington %26 Burling, where he advises
companies on the CFIUS process, "Swinging the Pendulum too Far: An Analysis of the CFIUS Process Post-Dubai Ports World," Jan, http://www.nfap.net/researchactivities/studies/NFAPPolicyBriefCFIUS0107.pdf)

Timing matters most. With the exception of price, the most important factor for
AND
tough cases — maintaining the initial 30-day review timeframe is crucial. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan
Thus the plan:
The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews.
Investment
Contention 1- investment
The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS.  These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.
Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.
Scenario 1- Protectionism:
Global trade is on the brink of collapse- rising US protectionism risks global escalation.
Lincicome 12 (Scott, trade attorney, “Is Missing American Trade Leadership Beginning to Bear Protectionist Fruit? (Hint: Kinda Looks Like It),” June 12,  http://lincicome.blogspot.com/2012/06/is-missing-american-trade-leadership.html)
Over the past few years, I and several other US trade-watchers have
AND
its long-held place at the front of the trade liberalization pack.
And, restrictions on oil and gas investments explode the scope of foreign investment CFIUS reviews.  This expansion of the CFIUS process is a protectionist tool to keep out investment.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)

II. Post 9/11 Application of Exon-Florio After 9/11
AND
that Reagan threatened to veto in order to strip the economic security provisions.
And, expanding the scope of CFIUS reviews undermines US trade leadership and triggers retaliation. The impact is global wars.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)

C. Economic Retaliation as a Result of CFIUS Protectionism Continued use of Exon-
AND
own interests to take any action that may destabilize the American economy. 182
And, protectionism sparks great power conflict and exacerbates all global problems.
Patrick, Senior Fellow-CFR, 09 (Stewart, senior fellow and director of the Program on International Institutions and Global Governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Protecting Free Trade,” National Interest, March 13, 2009, http://nationalinterest.org/article/protecting-free-trade-3060?page=show)
President Obama has committed to working with U.S. trade partners to avoid
AND
daily economic intelligence briefing, distilling the security implications of the global crisis. 

And, Unilateral FDI liberalization is key to prevent trade policy backsliding which dooms global economic recovery.
Erixon and Sally, directors-ECIPE, 10 (Fredrik and Razeen, European Centre for International Political Economy, TRADE, GLOBALISATION AND EMERGING PROTECTIONISM SINCE THE CRISIS, http://www.ecipe.org/media/publication_pdfs/trade-globalisation-and-emerging-protectionism-since-the-crisis.pdf)    italics are from original source We think Mr. Bentham’s world-view will cause damage, not only to domestic economies but also to the world trading system. This will not be a replay of the 1930s, but a replay of the 1970s is a serious prospect. The world is in danger of undoing the market reforms of the 1980s and ‘90s that brought unprecedented prosperity, especially to emerging markets outside the West. Like the 1970s, policy backsliding could prolong a severe downturn and compromise eventual recovery. The short-term challenge is to arrest the slide to Big Government at home and creeping protectionism abroad. The medium-term challenge is to get back on track with trade and FDI liberalisation combined with domestic structural reforms – substantial “unfinished business” left before the crisis struck. More, not less, markets and globalisation are what the world needs. That is primarily a matter for unilateral action by governments and competitive emulation among them. It can be reinforced by international policy cooperation in the WTO, G20 and other fora, but not too much can be expected of cumbersome global-governance mechanisms. Overall, limits to government intervention and a well-functioning market economy are of a piece with open markets, economic globalisation and international political stability.

Scenario 2- Economic Collapse:
Chinese FDI to the US declined sharply in 2012 but could rebound if the US takes steps to liberalize its national security FDI policy towards China.
Hanemann 12-28 (Theo, research director at the Rhodium Group and leads the firm’s cross-border investment work, Chinese FDI in the US in 2012, http://rhgroup.net/notes/chinese-direct-investmnet-in-the-u-s-in-2012-a-record-year-amid-a-gloomy-fdi-environment)
AGAINST THE GLOBAL TREND The recent growth of Chinese investment is even more remarkable in
AND
the United States remains a top destination for FDI from China and elsewhere.

CFIUS is increasingly assertive over Chinese energy deals---Casting a shadow over future investment
Crooks-Financial Times-9/11/12
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4f880244-f90a-11e1-945b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz26DtOgO5Z
Oil tie-up is test for US deal-watchers

Over the latest three years for which data are publicly available, Cfius required legally
AND
oil company owning assets that are a big deal here in the US.”
And, energy restrictions destroy investor confidence, which crushes the dollar and triggers economic recession- the vague CFIUS interpretation of national security chills ALL foreign investment.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)
B. National Security and Investor Uncertainty The uncertain interpretation of national security in Exon
AND
investment is more vital than ever to provide liquidity to American markets. 164

CFIUS is increasingly assertive over Chinese energy deals---Casting a shadow over future investment
Crooks-Financial Times-9/11/12
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4f880244-f90a-11e1-945b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz26DtOgO5Z
Oil tie-up is test for US deal-watchers

Over the latest three years for which data are publicly available, Cfius required legally
AND
oil company owning assets that are a big deal here in the US.”
And, economic decline causes great power war.
Royal 2010
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

We’re on the brink of a double dip recession- boosting investor confidence is key.
Rickards, 12 (James, economist and investment banker with 35 years of experience working in capital markets on Wall Street and the author of NYT Bestselling book Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, “Why We Should Still Be Worried about a Double-Dip Recession,” February 27, 2012, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/02/27/why-we-should-still-be-worried-about-a-double-dip-recession)
The late summer and fall of 2011 was filled with fears of a double-
AND
certainty returns and, on current form, that may be years away.

And, the plan is a quick injection of capital which is critical to economic recovery.
Xu et al 12 (Ting, China and Economy consultant for Bertelsmann Stiftung, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20in%20Hand%20Second%20Edition%20final.pdf)
Although Chinese FDI has drawn increasing attention in the U.S. and Germany
AND
in bringing those countries that are facing a credit crunch back to growth.
China Gas
China is limiting itself to “hands off” oil and gas deals – these small partnerships don’t secure technical expertise to develop Chinese shale – this puts them decades behind gas targets
Mandel 7-17 (Jenny, Reporter for EnergyWire, a daily publication covering the unconventional oil and gas sectors, Previous positions with EandE include editing Land Letter and writing news and feature stories for Greenwire, ClimateWire, and other news outlets, “Will U.S. shale technology make the leap across the Pacific?,” EnergyWire: Tuesday, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1)
Modes of tech transfer Despite the challenges, the allure of a massive new domestic
AND
pursue contracts for natural gas imports to satisfy the strong and growing demand.

US gas companies currently negotiate passive deals for China because of CFIUS restrictions.
Knowledge @ Wharton 12 (China's Underground Race for Shale Gas, aug 21, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2851)
Meanwhile, in the U.S., shale gas leaders, such as Devon
AND
Chinese companies may be able to negotiate better terms, says CATF's Sung.

Only the US has the expertise necessary for China to develop its shale resources- increased Chinese access to US drilling techniques and regulatory methods is critical.
Forbes, manager- Shale Gas Initiative at the World Resources Institute, 12 (Sarah, also the Senior Associate for the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION: “CHINA’S GLOBAL QUEST FOR RESOURCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES; CHINA’S PROSPECTS FOR SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.,” January 26, http://pdf.wri.org/testimony/forbes_testimony_china_shale_gas_2012-01-26.pdf)
Are there risks as well as opportunities for U.S. companies? From
AND
aware of and take into account while pursuing and designing Chinese domestic development.
Chinese shale development key to displace their coal use—renewables cant be scaled up fast enough.
Hanger 12 (John, Special Counsel at the law firm Eckert Seamans, and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, “China Gets Cracking on Fracking: The Best Environmental News Of The Year?,”  Aug 14,  http://johnhanger.blogspot.com/2012/08/china-gets-cracking-on-fracking-good.html)

China sits on natural gas reserves that are estimated to be 50% higher than the massive gas reserves in the USA. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120808-china-shale-gas/. Despite this gargantuan gas resource, coal provides China 80% of its electricity, compared to 34% in the USA, as of May 2012. Why the difference? The shale gas boom that is now more than 10 years long in the USA is just getting started in China and so the Chinese remain heavily reliant on coal to make electricity and for their total energy. Around the world, the basic energy choice is coal or gas. China is just the biggest example of this fundamental fact. China's reliance on coal means that its economic growth brings skyrocketing carbon emissions and other air pollution. Indeed, Chinese air quality is infamous around the world, and smog has been so thick that Beijing airport has been unable to land planes for short periods. As of 2011, China was responsible for 29% of the world's carbon emissions, while the US produced 16%, even though the US economy is still considerably bigger than China's. Moreover, US carbon emissions are declining to 1992 levels, but China's emissions skyrocket. Though China is building substantial new wind, solar, and nuclear generation, those investments are not enough to cut Chinese coal consumption, given economic growth that is still 7% in what some describe as an economic slowdown. Shale gas, however, could be big enough to actually displace significant amounts of coal in China. More gas in China means less mercury, soot. lead, smog, and carbon emissions. China's energy plans call for shale gas to provide 6% of its total energy as soon as 2020.  If it achieves that goal, China will avoid more than 500 million tons of carbon pollution per year or about 1.5% of today's total carbon emissions.

Coal consumption is responsible for 80% of China’s CO2 emissions and 20% of total global emissions- natural gas is the key bridge fuel.
Saltvedt 10 (Thina Margrethe is Nordea Markets' senior macro oil analyst and global commodities strategist, she holds a PhD in Economics and MSc in International Business from the Univ. of Manchester's Institute of Science and Technology, “A Chinese shale gas Klondyke?,” 2 Nov, http://newsroom.nordeamarkets.com/en/files/2012/07/101102-Shale-gas-China.pdf)

A shift from coal to natural gas will reduce China’s greenhouse gas emissions One consequence
AND
bridging fuel to a lowcarbon energy future in the short to medium term.  
Warming is real and causes extinction- it’s the only existential risk
Deibel 7 Terry L., Professor of IR @ National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
AND
States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
And, we are reaching a massive tipping point.
Sparks 2012
Donald L., S. Hallock du Pont Chair in the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and director of the Delaware Environmental Institute, 6-13-2012, Tipping Point, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/donald-l-sparks/rio20_b_1593195.html?utm_hp_ref=worldandir=World
A group of 22 scientists sounded an alarming call to action last week. Their
AND
chemical contamination may have accumulated to such an extent as to be catastrophic.

Consensus of evidence proves that warming real and anthropogenic
Romm 2010
Joe, PhD in Oceanography from the Scripps Institute, Runs ClimateProgress, Disputing the Consensus on Global Warming, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2010/06/16/206247/scientific-consensus-on-global-warming-climate-science/

How sad that the WSJ and CNBC have so little conception of what science really
AND
be significantly worse than has been suggested in scientific consensus estimates to date”).
Carbon emissions causing ocean acidification-causes irreversible mass extinction
Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” 3/2/2012, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=emailandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+climateprogre

The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions than they
AND
corals, mollusks and some plankton need for reef and shell-building.
And, Chinese shale production quickly reduces global emissions levels.
Yang 12 (Catherine T. Yang, economic policy correspondent for BusinessWeek and former national director of the Asian American Journalists Assn., China Drills Into Shale Gas, Targeting Huge Reserves Amid Challenges, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120808-china-shale-gas/#)
Because natural gas generates electricity with half the carbon dioxide emissions of coal, China's
AND
trillion cubic meters) in estimated U.S. shale gas stores.
Chinese coal uniquely key- overwhelms all other countries emissions COMBINED.
Bradsher 06 (Keith, is the Hong Kong bureau chief of The New York Times, 1997 Pulitzer Prize nominee, won the Asia Society’s Osborn Elliott Award and the Overseas Press Club’s Malcolm Forbes Award in 2010, for coverage of clean energy in China, “Pollution From Chinese Coal Casts a Global Shadow”, June 11, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/11/business/worldbusiness/11chinacoal.html?_r=0andpagewanted=print)
One of China's lesser-known exports is a dangerous brew of soot, toxic
AND
by five times the reduction in such emissions that the Kyoto Protocol seeks.
Solvency
Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude “energy assets” insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.
And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.
Ellis-Vinson and Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html
Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,
AND
were energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007
And, the US should clarify that energy production does not undermine national security-- explicitly exempting specific industries from CFIUS review is key.
Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)
What does this all mean for Exon-Florio? Almost since its enactment,
AND
from global energy markets might result in a greater risk of supply disruption).
Politicization could freeze all FDI
Feng 2009
Yiheng, JD from NYU, Symposium: 14th Annual Herbert Rubin and Justice Rose Luttan Rubin International Law Symposium: A Special Tribute to Andreas Lowenfeld: Note: "We Wouldn't Transfer Title To The Devil": Consequences Of The Congressional Politicization Of Foreign Direct Investment On National Security Grounds 42 N.Y.U. J. Int'l L. and Pol. 253

As CNOOC-Unocal and Dubai Ports-PandO show, Congress is
AND
a point at which FDI may freeze entirely, a highly undesirable result.
Abuse of FINSA risks total halt of FDI
Marchick and Mintz 2007
David, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State and director of intergovernmental affairs in the Office of the United States Trade Representative during the Clinton Administration, and Richard, former Director of Public Affairs for the U.S. Department of Transportation, The Shifting Landscape of CFIUS, China Business Review January/February 2007

While observers around the world acknowledge that the United States has legitimate national security interests
AND
further integrating the US and PRC economies for the benefit of both countries. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

ptx

immigration reform

Won’t pass – house GOP and lack of electoral incentives

Workpermit.com 12/31/12 (Workpermit is a specialist visa consultancy with nearly twenty-five years of experience dealing with visa applications. We are OISC registered. We can help with a wide range of visa applications to the UK or your country of choice. Please feel free to contact us for further details, "White House to campaign for immigration reform in 2013" http://www.workpermit.com/immigration-video.htm-http://www.workpermit.com/immigration-video.htm) 

Many Republican Party strategists say that, if the Republicans adopt an anti-immigration
AND
whether enough Republican Representatives will vote for change when the chips are down. 

====Won’t pass – GOP doesn’t want Obama’s plan – assumes the optimism of their evidence ====
Stanage and Easley 12/17/12 (Niall, Jonathan, staffwriters for the hill
"Republican leaders balance politics and principle on immigration reform" http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/273137-republican-leaders-balance-politics-and-principle-on-immigration-reform)

Senior Republicans say the party is struggling to thread the needle on immigration reform,
AND
it," he said. "Republicans, realistically, can’t be obstructionist."

Gun control will swamp it

UPI 12/30/12 ("Immigration reform being overshadowed?" http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/12/30/Immigration-reform-being-overshadowed/UPI-12951356886806/-http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/12/30/Immigration-reform-being-overshadowed/UPI-12951356886806/) 

WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 (UPI) — The U.S. economy
AND
Alfonso Aguilar, a Republican strategist at the Latino Partnership for Conservative Principles.

And so will energy and multiple other issues – Obama is not focusing on immigration reform

Munro 12/31/12 (Neil, "Obama promises new immigration plan but keeps endgame close to his vest" http://dailycaller.com/2012/12/31/obama-promises-new-immigration-plan-but-keeps-endgame-close-to-his-vest/3/-http://dailycaller.com/2012/12/31/obama-promises-new-immigration-plan-but-keeps-endgame-close-to-his-vest/3/) 

President Barack Obama promised Dec. 30 to introduce an immigration bill during 2013,
AND
Joe Biden’s task force is putting together as we speak," he said.

China FDI popular – economic considerations and China lobby

Schatz 10-5-12 (Joseph, POLITICO Pro’s tax editor. Before
AND
black and white," Politico.com October 5, 2012, lexis)
Mitt Romney’s hard-hitting ads claim President Barack Obama needs to "stand up
AND
Obama administration has also made efforts to link Chinese firms with American companies.

The plan is guidance not legislation

Jackson 10 (James K. Jackson, CRS Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Foreign Investment, CFIUS, and Homeland Security: An Overview, February 4,   http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/138597.pdf)

While CFIUS’s activities often seem to be quite opaque, the Committee is not free
AND
interest activities from falling under foreign control, primarily for national defense purposes. 

That means no link

Hamilton and Schroeder 1994 ~James T. Hamilton is an assistant Professor of Public Policy, Economics and Political Science at Duke University, Christopher H. Schroeder is a Professor of Law at Duke University School of Law "Strategic Regulators and the Choice of Rulemaking Procedures: The Selection of Formal vs. Informal Rules in Regulating Hazardous Waste http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4229%26context=lcp~~
3. As the regulatory costs imposed on parties increase, the more likely the
AND
parties since informal rules may be applied with more discretion than formal rules.

Winners win

Heineman 10 (Ben Heineman Jr. has held top positions in government, law, and business. He is the author of High Performance with High Integrity "No Presidential Greatness Without Spending Political Capital" http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/-http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/)
Only in recent months, when he was willing to make it his personal issue
AND
echoes decisions of his great Democratic predecessors, Harry Truman and Lyndon Johnson. 

FDI policies have bipartisan support.

Fagan 6-14-12 (David, Partner, Covington %26 Burling LLP, "Hearing on "The Evolving U.S.-China Trade and Investment Relationship"Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2012hearings/written_testimonies/12_6_14/Fagan.pdf)

FDI has received long-standing, bi-partisan policy backing: every Administration
AND
percent of total U.S. private R%26D investment. 2

Won’t go to war over food
Chang 2/21/11 Gordon G Chang, Graduated Cornell Law School "Global Food Wars" http://blogs.forbes.com/gordonchang/2011/02/21/global-food-wars/
In any event, food-price increases have apparently been factors in the unrest
AND
of human innovation in free societies—and the efficiency of free markets. 

Supply and demand means farmers will make more food – empirically true
Zubrin 5/13/11 — Dr. Robert Zubrin Fellow with the Center for Security Policy B.A. in Mathematics from the University of Rochester (1974), and a masters degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics, a masters degree in Nuclear Engineering, and a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering  "WHY IT’S WRONG TO AGREE WITH THE MALTHUSIANS ABOUT ETHANOL"
http://www.ilcorn.org/daily-update/182-why-it-rsquo-s-wrong-to-agree-with-the-malthusians-about-ethanol/
In fact, Lester Brown is wrong about the alleged famine-inducing potential of
AND
times as great as they were in 1960 (40 bushels per acre.) 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

oil

Prices are low now

Energy Guardian 11-7 (Sandy Shore, AP Business Writer, "Oil falls to lowest level since July," from daily email sent from the Energy Guardian on Nov 11, 2012, from http://www.energyguardian.net)
The price of oil tumbled nearly 5 percent Wednesday, its biggest decline of the
AND
day in the third quarter from 14.7 million a year earlier.

2AC General

Supply will increase inevitably –

Sudan

CFR 10/8
Oil Diplomacy in the Sudans, October 8, 2012, Interviewee: Alex de Waal, Executive Director, World Peace Foundation, Tufts University Interviewer: Christopher Alessi, Online Editor/Writer, http://www.cfr.org/sudan/oil-diplomacy-sudans/p29214
The immediate effect is that oil production and export is going to resume as soon
AND
domestic use, will also be back to pre-conflict levels soon.

Technology

CSM 9/28/12
Christian Science Monitor, Oil production in US hits highest level in 15 years, Energy Voices Blog, http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy-Voices/2012/0928/Oil-production-in-US-hits-highest-level-in-15-years

Oil production in the United States rose last week to levels not seen since January
AND
:The Effect of New Production Methods on U.S Oil Output)

Productivity

Murtaugh 9/14
Dan, Bloomberg News, North Dakota’s Bakken Oil Output Passes 600,000 Barrels a Day, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-14/north-dakota-s-bakken-oil-output-passes-600-000-barrels-a-day.html

Oil production from the North Dakota portion of the Bakken shale formation topped 600,
AND
highest annual level since 1991, according to department figures compiled by Bloomberg.

Prices will be stabilized –

Oil companies

Macdonald 9-6-12
Gregor, contributing editor to Peak Prosperity and energy market expert, The Repricing of Oil, September 6 2012, http://www.peakprosperity.com/blog/79590/repricing-oil-http://www.peakprosperity.com/blog/79590/repricing-oil

The oil market now understands that should prices fall below %2490, it starts
AND
far and wide digging up expensive, hard-to-extract oil.

OPEC

Yetiv 9-4-12
Steve A., professor of political science at Old Dominion University. Is the Energy Boom a Mirage?, New York Times Oped, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/opinion/is-the-energy-boom-a-mirage.html

Fourth, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries won’t sit by idly if America’s
AND
have avoided by using their wealth to quell dissent and maintain domestic control.

Price volatility inevitable

Goldwyn 12 (David, http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/events/2012/6/29%20iran%20sanctions/20120629_sanctions_iran)

Well, Steve, oil markets are notoriously volatile, so lots of things can
AND
probability, I think, but you could have a disruption in Venezuela. 

If not here, they’ll invest elsewhere

Scissors, Senior Research Fellow-Heritage, 12 (Derek, Senior Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy, and Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs , "China Buys Canadian Energy: Lessons for the U.S.," July 26, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/china-buys-canadian-energy-lessons-for-the-us)

Wide-Ranging Implications One policy implication of CNOOC–Nexen is thus a bit
AND
regulatory oversight, and is a close American ally is the ideal alternative.

—-No Link-Oil production doesn’t affect prices-36 years of data prove

Columbian 12 ("More U.S. drilling won’t ease gas prices at pump" http://www.columbian.com/news/2012/mar/21/more-us-drilling-wont-ease-gas-price-at-pump/)
It’s the political cure-all for high gas prices: Drill here, drill
AND
would provide — it would at most cut gas prices by 10 percent.

==== —-The Link takes at least a decade ====
Knapp 8 (Alex, the Social Media Editor and a staff writer for Forbes. "Is it Worth Drilling For More Domestic" Oil? http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/is_it_worth_drilling_for_more_domestic_oil/)
Newt Gingrich’s American Solutions group has mounted an online petition designed to persuade Congress to
AND
prices rising–more mass transit, more fuel efficient vehicles, more investment
.

2AC Saudi

Econ decline makes the impact inevitable

Ferguson 2012
Niall, History Professor at Harvard, Facebook won’t save us, Newsweek op-ed July 30^th 2012, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22213/facebook_wont_save_us.html?utm_source=feedburner%26utm_medium=feed%26utm_campaign=Feed%253A+belfer%252Fpublications+%2528Belfer+Center+for+Science+and+International+Affairs+-+Latest+Publications%2529

By the same token, there was great technological progress during the 1930s. But
AND
technology can empower radicalized (or just plain crazy) individuals and groups.

No link – Iran and low imports

Yergin 9-13-12
Daniel, co-founder and chairman of Cambridge Energy Research Associates, Interview with WSJ, Making Sense of the U.S. Oil Boom, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444301704577631820865343432.html

~The new flow~ changes the geopolitical perspective about energy. The U.
AND
very strong; obviously they’re highlighted by continuing tension over Iran’s nuclear program.

Saudi-Sino oil ties trade off with US-Saudi relations.

Klare 2010
Michael T., professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, Twenty-First Century Energy Superpower, http://www.tomdispatch.com/archive/175297/

At present, China obtains most of its imported oil from Saudi Arabia, Iran
AND
Saudi Arabia and other petro-states, portraying such moves as antagonistic. 

Relations turn oil prices and stability – MidEast foothold.

Bremmer 11 (Ian, president Eurasia Group, "Washington’s stark choice: Democracy or Riyadh", 3/17)

Events of the past three months have shattered many assumptions about the Middle East.
AND
role in the region and for the dollar as the primary reserve currency.   

2AC W/ Iran Adv

Turn – Saudi Arabia makes up Iran production from sanctions.

Tovrov 2012
Daniel, International Business Times, Will Iran Sanctions Impact Global Oil Market?, http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/288004/20120126/iran-oil-price-sanctions-imf-supply-opec.htm

But some analysts have come up with figures less pessimistic than the IMF’s. Mark
AND
with the United Arab Emirates to start weaning themselves off of Iranian oil.

2AC General

Russian decline now –Capital

Khamraeva 9/17/12
V., Telegraph/Russia Behind the Headlines, Experts foresee new wave of financial crisis in Russia, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/business/9547777/russia-financial-crisis-second-wave.html

Economic experts warn, however, that a new crisis is just around the corner
AND
financial regulators such as the Fed and the ECB use," he said.

Russian FDI policy explicitly models CFIUS

Gill et al 2009
Franklin E., retired Research Professor of Law, University of New Mexico School of Law and Chief Corporate Financial Counsel, Sun Company, Inc. The International Lawyer Vol 43 No 2 Summer 2009, Russia and Ukraine, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/multimedia/international_law/docs/committees/russia_eurasia/russiaeurasiayir.authcheckdam.pdf

One of Vladimir Putin’s last acts in his capacity as Russia’s president was to sign
AND
few significant differences, however, in how the two laws are structured.

FDI is key to Russian oil and gas modernization – capital intensive.

Heinrich and Pleines 2012 
Dr. Andreas Heinrich and Dr. Heiko Pleines are working at the Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen, The Political Challenges of an Oil Boom: the Resource Curse and Political Stability in Russia RUSSIAN ANALYTICAL DIGEST No. 113, 15 May 2012 http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/RAD-113.pdf

With no relevant legislation in place, all post-Soviet states saw production sharing
AND
to resource nationalism the role of state companies in the industry was increased. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

China can already just outsource it if they really want.====
Downs, China Fellow @ Brookings, 10-10-12 (Erica, China’s Oil Investment Is Not a Threat, Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpoplicy.com/articles/2012/10/10/China_Nexen_CNOOC_CFIUS?page=full)

2. It won’t help CNOOC in the South China Sea. After CNOOC announced
AND
South China Sea limit the portability of U.S.-gained expertise.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

EVIL DA

they can do that now

Downs, China Fellow @ Brookings, 10-10-12 (Erica, China’s Oil Investment Is Not a Threat, Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpoplicy.com/articles/2012/10/10/China_Nexen_CNOOC_CFIUS?page=full)

2. It won’t help CNOOC in the South China Sea. After CNOOC announced
AND
South China Sea limit the portability of U.S.-gained expertise.

Shareholders prevent take over

Epstein-Prof law Chicago-9         University of Chicago Law Review     76 U. Chi. L. Rev. 111
Symposium: The Going-private Phenomenon: The Regulation of Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Virtues of Going Slow

To be sure, SWFs could also attempt to influence firm-specific behavior in
AND
who do wish, above all else, to maximize their share value.

NO, this is not a thing%21

Downs, China Fellow @ Brookings, 10-10-12 (Erica, China’s Oil Investment Is Not a Threat, Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/10/China_Nexen_CNOOC_CFIUS?page=full)

3. Nexen’s oil will continue to flow to Americans. Americans worried that CNOOC
AND
. The only thing that will change is the name on the barrels.

China rising peacefully

Kissinger 2012
Henry, former secretary of state, The Future of U.S. - Chinese Relations, Foreign Affairs - March / April 2012, http://www.henryakissinger.com/articles/fa0412.html

On the Chinese side, proclamations at the governmental and the informal level that China
AND
themselves, and the world, to make an effort to do so.

Insecurity in the energy relationship causes Russia-China counterbalancing. SCO. Impact is Central Asian conflict.

Ziegler 2006
Charles E. Ziegler is Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of Louisville, and Director of the Institute for Democracy and Development, THE ENERGY FACTOR IN CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY, The Energy Factor in China’s Foreign Policy," Journal of Chinese Political Science 11 (2006) http://louisville.edu/democracydevelopment/research/current-publications/the-energy-factor-in-china2019s-foreign-policy.html

Chinese oil companies have even sought to acquire major holdings in North America, the
AND
expanding military relations and ensuring security in the oil-rich Caspian region.

—-Central Asian instability causes global nuclear war.

Starr 2001 
S. Frederick, Chair of Central Asia-Caucasus Institute at John Hopkins University, "The War Against Terrorism and U.S. Bilateral Relations with the Nations of Central Asia," Testimony before Senate Subcommittee on Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus, Dec 13, http://www.cacianalyst.org/Publications/Starr_Testimony.htm
However, this does not mean that US actions are without risk to the Central
AND
United States’ own long-term interest in helping build a stable world. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

PTX

Won’t pass – house GOP and lack of electoral incentives

Workpermit.com 12/31/12 (Workpermit is a specialist visa consultancy with nearly twenty-five years of experience dealing with visa applications. We are OISC registered. We can help with a wide range of visa applications to the UK or your country of choice. Please feel free to contact us for further details, "White House to campaign for immigration reform in 2013" http://www.workpermit.com/immigration-video.htm-http://www.workpermit.com/immigration-video.htm) 

Many Republican Party strategists say that, if the Republicans adopt an anti-immigration
AND
whether enough Republican Representatives will vote for change when the chips are down. 

====Won’t pass – GOP doesn’t want Obama’s plan – assumes the optimism of their evidence ====
Stanage and Easley 12/17/12 (Niall, Jonathan, staffwriters for the hill
"Republican leaders balance politics and principle on immigration reform" http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/273137-republican-leaders-balance-politics-and-principle-on-immigration-reform)

Senior Republicans say the party is struggling to thread the needle on immigration reform,
AND
it," he said. "Republicans, realistically, can’t be obstructionist."

Gun control will swamp it

UPI 12/30/12 ("Immigration reform being overshadowed?" http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/12/30/Immigration-reform-being-overshadowed/UPI-12951356886806/-http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/12/30/Immigration-reform-being-overshadowed/UPI-12951356886806/) 

WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 (UPI) — The U.S. economy
AND
Alfonso Aguilar, a Republican strategist at the Latino Partnership for Conservative Principles.

And so will energy and multiple other issues – Obama is not focusing on immigration reform

Munro 12/31/12 (Neil, "Obama promises new immigration plan but keeps endgame close to his vest" http://dailycaller.com/2012/12/31/obama-promises-new-immigration-plan-but-keeps-endgame-close-to-his-vest/3/-http://dailycaller.com/2012/12/31/obama-promises-new-immigration-plan-but-keeps-endgame-close-to-his-vest/3/) 

President Barack Obama promised Dec. 30 to introduce an immigration bill during 2013,
AND
Joe Biden’s task force is putting together as we speak," he said.

The plan is guidance not legislation

Jackson 10 (James K. Jackson, CRS Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Foreign Investment, CFIUS, and Homeland Security: An Overview, February 4,   http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/138597.pdf)

While CFIUS’s activities often seem to be quite opaque, the Committee is not free
AND
interest activities from falling under foreign control, primarily for national defense purposes. 

That means no link

Hamilton and Schroeder 1994 ~James T. Hamilton is an assistant Professor of Public Policy, Economics and Political Science at Duke University, Christopher H. Schroeder is a Professor of Law at Duke University School of Law "Strategic Regulators and the Choice of Rulemaking Procedures: The Selection of Formal vs. Informal Rules in Regulating Hazardous Waste http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4229%26context=lcp~~
3. As the regulatory costs imposed on parties increase, the more likely the
AND
parties since informal rules may be applied with more discretion than formal rules.

Winners win

Heineman 10 (Ben Heineman Jr. has held top positions in government, law, and business. He is the author of High Performance with High Integrity "No Presidential Greatness Without Spending Political Capital" http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/-http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/)
Only in recent months, when he was willing to make it his personal issue
AND
echoes decisions of his great Democratic predecessors, Harry Truman and Lyndon Johnson. 

Obama pissed off the GOP – makes fights and uncertainty inevitable.

Shear and Calmes 1-3-12
NYT Lawmakers Gird for Next Fiscal Clash, on the Debt Ceiling http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/us/politics/for-obama-no-clear-path-to-avoid-a-debt-ceiling-fight.html?_r=1%26

Moody’s, the rating agency, warned on Wednesday that the looming political battles over
AND
A. Boehner in the House collapsed amid acrimony and internal Republican dissension.

China FDI popular – economic considerations and China lobby

Schatz 10-5-12 (Joseph, POLITICO Pro’s tax editor. Before
AND
black and white," Politico.com October 5, 2012, lexis)
Mitt Romney’s hard-hitting ads claim President Barack Obama needs to "stand up
AND
Obama administration has also made efforts to link Chinese firms with American companies.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan
Thus the plan: The United States Federal Government should exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews. 

Inherency
Contention 1- the Status Quo
The United States currently submits all foreign investment deals related to oil and gas production to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, known as CFIUS.  These restrictions chill foreign investment and send a signal of US protectionism.
Wilson Center 5-31-12 (Chinese Investment in North American Energy, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/chinese-investment-north-american-energy)
While Chinese foreign energy investment is on the rise, the more notable story is
AND
companies, which will allow China’s companies to better extract resources at home.

Prolif
Contention 2 iran:
Removing restrictions on investment in US oil and gas production is the best way to get China to increase their support for Iran sanctions- that’s critical to effective international pressure.
Downs, China fellow at Brookings, 7-19-12 (Erica S. Downs is a fellow at the John L. Thorton China Center at The Brookings Institution, “Getting China to Turn on Iran,” July 19, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/getting-china-turn-iran-7215)

Over the past decade, as the United States employed increasingly robust sanctions to gradually
AND
This dual stance is attributable to the business decisions made by China’s NOCs.

Allowing Chinese majority shares of US oil and gas production is critical garnering Chinese compliance on Iran.  Only the signal of the plan solves Iran nuclearization.
Downs, Brookings China Fellow, October ‘12 (Erica, CHINA, IRAN AND THE NEXEN DEAL, OPTIONS POLITIQUES, http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/oct12/downs.pdf)
Meanwhile the expansion of the Chinese NOC footprint in the United States has coincided with
AND
nuclear program may run through the headquarters of CNOOC, CNPC and Sinopec. 

Iranian nuclearization makes nuclear war inevitable in the Middle East- even small conflicts could escalate to all out war.
Kahl, Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Colin, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East and Senior Fellow, the Center for a New American Security,  Iran and the Bomb, Foreign Affairs; Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p157-162)
Waltz writes that "policymakers and citizens in the Arab world, Europe, Israel
AND
and the consequences of even a low-probability outcome could be devastating.
Iranian nuclearization causes regional and global arms racing.
Cirincione 06 (Joseph, Sr. Assoc. and Director @ the Non-Proliferation Project @ the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Summer, SAIS Review, “A New Non-Proliferation Strategy”)
The danger posed by the acquisition of nuclear weapons by Iran or North Korea is
AND
decade-compounded by the existing political and territorial disputes still unresolved.4
This risks global nuclear conflict- new prolif risks theft, unauthorized use, terrorism, and crisis escalation.
Busch, Professor of Government-Christopher Newport, 04 (Nathan, “No End in Sight: The Continuing Menace of Nuclear Proliferation” p 281-314)
Summing Up: Will the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be Better or Worse?
AND
proliferation in hopes that the stability predicted by the optimists will indeed occur.
Sanctions work- evidence suggests they will bring Iran back to the negotiating table.
Kahl 12 (Colin, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Not Time to Attack Iran, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 91, Issue 2)
 In making the case for preventive war as the least bad option, Kroenig
AND
emphasize that all options, including military action, remain on the table.
Economy
Chinese FDI to the US declined sharply in 2012 but could rebound if the US takes steps to liberalize its national security FDI policy towards China.
Hanemann 12-28 (Theo, research director at the Rhodium Group and leads the firm’s cross-border investment work, Chinese FDI in the US in 2012, http://rhgroup.net/notes/chinese-direct-investmnet-in-the-u-s-in-2012-a-record-year-amid-a-gloomy-fdi-environment)
AGAINST THE GLOBAL TREND The recent growth of Chinese investment is even more remarkable in
AND
the United States remains a top destination for FDI from China and elsewhere.
Protectionist energy restrictions destroy investor confidence, which crushes the dollar and triggers economic recession- the vague CFIUS interpretation of national security chills ALL foreign investment.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09       (James, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)
B. National Security and Investor Uncertainty The uncertain interpretation of national security in Exon
AND
investment is more vital than ever to provide liquidity to American markets. 164
And, protectionism sparks great power conflict and exacerbates all global problems.
Patrick, Senior Fellow-CFR, 09 (Stewart, senior fellow and director of the Program on International Institutions and Global Governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Protecting Free Trade,” National Interest, March 13, 2009, http://nationalinterest.org/article/protecting-free-trade-3060?page=show)
President Obama has committed to working with U.S. trade partners to avoid
AND
daily economic intelligence briefing, distilling the security implications of the global crisis. 

We’re on the brink of a double dip recession- boosting investor confidence is key.
Rickards, 12 (James, economist and investment banker with 35 years of experience working in capital markets on Wall Street and the author of NYT Bestselling book Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, “Why We Should Still Be Worried about a Double-Dip Recession,” February 27, 2012, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/02/27/why-we-should-still-be-worried-about-a-double-dip-recession)
The late summer and fall of 2011 was filled with fears of a double-
AND
certainty returns and, on current form, that may be years away.
And, the plan is a quick injection of capital which is critical to economic recovery.
Xu et al 12 (Ting, China and Economy consultant for Bertelsmann Stiftung, with Thieß Petersen and Tianlong Wang, Cash in Hand: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. and Germany, June,
http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/publications/Cash%20in%20Hand%20Second%20Edition%20final.pdf)
Although Chinese FDI has drawn increasing attention in the U.S. and Germany
AND
in bringing those countries that are facing a credit crunch back to growth.
And, economic decline causes war.
Royal 2010  Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
Gas
Contention 4 is Chinese Gas
China is limiting itself to “hands off” oil and gas deals – these small partnerships don’t secure technical expertise to develop Chinese shale – this puts them decades behind gas targets
Mandel 7-17 (Jenny, Reporter for EnergyWire, a daily publication covering the unconventional oil and gas sectors, Previous positions with EandE include editing Land Letter and writing news and feature stories for Greenwire, ClimateWire, and other news outlets, “Will U.S. shale technology make the leap across the Pacific?,” EnergyWire: Tuesday, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1)

Modes of tech transfer Despite the challenges, the allure of a massive new domestic
AND
pursue contracts for natural gas imports to satisfy the strong and growing demand.
US gas companies currently negotiate passive deals for China because of CFIUS restrictions.
Knowledge @ Wharton 12 (China's Underground Race for Shale Gas, aug 21, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2851)

Meanwhile, in the U.S., shale gas leaders, such as Devon
AND
Chinese companies may be able to negotiate better terms, says CATF's Sung.
Only the US has the expertise necessary for China to develop its shale resources- increased Chinese access to US drilling techniques and regulatory methods is critical.
Forbes, manager- Shale Gas Initiative at the World Resources Institute, 12 (Sarah, also the Senior Associate for the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION: “CHINA’S GLOBAL QUEST FOR RESOURCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES; CHINA’S PROSPECTS FOR SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.,” January 26, http://pdf.wri.org/testimony/forbes_testimony_china_shale_gas_2012-01-26.pdf)
Are there risks as well as opportunities for U.S. companies? From
AND
aware of and take into account while pursuing and designing Chinese domestic development.
Chinese shale development key to displace their coal use—renewables cant be scaled up fast enough.
Hanger 12 (John, Special Counsel at the law firm Eckert Seamans, and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, “China Gets Cracking on Fracking: The Best Environmental News Of The Year?,”  Aug 14,  http://johnhanger.blogspot.com/2012/08/china-gets-cracking-on-fracking-good.html)

China sits on natural gas reserves that are estimated to be 50% higher than the massive gas reserves in the USA. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120808-china-shale-gas/. Despite this gargantuan gas resource, coal provides China 80% of its electricity, compared to 34% in the USA, as of May 2012. Why the difference? The shale gas boom that is now more than 10 years long in the USA is just getting started in China and so the Chinese remain heavily reliant on coal to make electricity and for their total energy. Around the world, the basic energy choice is coal or gas. China is just the biggest example of this fundamental fact. China's reliance on coal means that its economic growth brings skyrocketing carbon emissions and other air pollution. Indeed, Chinese air quality is infamous around the world, and smog has been so thick that Beijing airport has been unable to land planes for short periods. As of 2011, China was responsible for 29% of the world's carbon emissions, while the US produced 16%, even though the US economy is still considerably bigger than China's. Moreover, US carbon emissions are declining to 1992 levels, but China's emissions skyrocket. Though China is building substantial new wind, solar, and nuclear generation, those investments are not enough to cut Chinese coal consumption, given economic growth that is still 7% in what some describe as an economic slowdown. Shale gas, however, could be big enough to actually displace significant amounts of coal in China. More gas in China means less mercury, soot. lead, smog, and carbon emissions. China's energy plans call for shale gas to provide 6% of its total energy as soon as 2020.  If it achieves that goal, China will avoid more than 500 million tons of carbon pollution per year or about 1.5% of today's total carbon emissions.
Increasing demand for Chinese coal production causes water shortages which threaten economic collapse and political instability.
Schneider 11 (Keith, senior editor for Circle of Blue-a nonprofit focusing on resource shortages founded in 2000, Choke Point: China—Confronting Water Scarcity and Energy Demand in the World’s Largest Country, Feb 15, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/choke-point-china%E2%80%94confronting-water-scarcity-and-energy-demand-in-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-country/)
By any measure, conventional and otherwise, China’s tireless advance to international economic prominence
AND
rising incomes and improving opportunities, is at risk, say some authorities.
Chinese economic collapse causes Asian and Middle East conflict- China will turn outwardly aggressive.
Newmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY “ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION” APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
 So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
AND
the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China.
And, pollution from coal causes environmental protests that threaten CCP rule.
LeVine 12 (Steve, author of The Oil and the Glory, Foreign Policy contributor,  CHINA The Cost of Coal , The Weekly Wrap -- Aug. 3, 2012, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/03/the_weekly_wrap_aug_3_2012_part_i)

China's moment of coal truth: A question that has vexed us for some time
AND
and economic outcomes. And yet that is exactly what we are seeing.
Those pollution protests causes Chinese instability and CCP lashout
Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904andtx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195andno_cache=1)

As the impact of pollution on human health becomes more obvious and widespread, it
AND
border. All of these situations would alter security assumptions in the region. 

This causes the CCP to launch WMDs and kill billions to try to hold onto power
Renxin 05 Renxin, Journalist, 8-3-2K5 (San, “CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death,” Epoch Times, www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)
Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising
AND
as something one finds difficult to tell whether it is false or true. 

And, Chinese pollution causes nuclear war with Russia
Nankivell 05 (Nathan, Senior Researcher @ Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability, China Brief Vol: 5 Issue: 22, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3904andtx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=195andno_cache=1)

In addition to the concerns already mentioned, pollution, if linked to a specific
AND
in full-scale war between two powerful, nuclear-equipped nations. 

Participating in oil joint ventures boosts US-China energy coop, allowing them to learn from us and control air pollution and environmental degradation.
Wu, Brookings Visiting Fellow, 08 (Richard Weixing Hu, Advancing Sino-U.S. Energy Cooperation Amid Oil Price Hikes, March, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2008/03/energy-hu)
Fourth, both governments should encourage their energy companies to collaborate in jointly enlarging the
AND
air and a considerable contribution to the common course of global environmental protection.
And, politicization of Chinese energy deals independently undermines US-China energy relations, which causes hostile Chinese naval modernization.
Lieberthal and Herberg 06 (Kenneth, Distinguished Fellow and Director for China at The William Davidson institute, and research associate of the China Center at the University of Michigan,  and Mikkal, Director of the asian Energy security program at The national bureau of asian research, China’s Search for Energy Security: Implications for U.S. Policy*, http://www.nbr.org/publications/nbranalysis/pdf/vol17no1.pdf)
Both the United States and China will benefit if they can develop a collaborative relationship
AND
each other’s energy insecurities and find new ways to work toward cooperative outcomes.
Chinese naval modernization causes miscalculation, risking conflict with the US.
United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission 09 (“THE IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA’S NAVAL MODERNIZATION FOR THE UNITED STATES,” HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, June 11, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/transcripts/09_06_11_trans/09_06_11_trans.pdf)
In this hearing, witnesses told the Commission that the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (
AND
As a consequence, a naval arms race in East Asia may ensue.  
South China Sea war causes extinction
Wittner 11 (Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany and former editor of Peace and Change, a journal of peace research, “COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?,” November 28, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html)
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.  
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.
Solvency
Narrowing the definition of national security to exclude “energy assets” insulates the CFIUS process from protectionist manipulation.
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-9 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Conclusion Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The
AND
by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.
And, oil and gas are the key energy issues for CFIUS.
Ellis-Vinson and Elkins LLP-6/1/07
US energy and foreign direct investment: Is the foreign capital flow for oil and gas at risk?
http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-4/issue-6/capital-perspectives/us-energy-and-foreign-direct-investment-is-the-foreign-capital-flow-for-oil-and-gas-at-risk.html
Energy has traditionally been an area of some concern for CFIUS. In fact,
AND
energy-related - a trend that has continued thus far in 2007.

And, the US should clarify that energy production does not undermine national security-- explicitly exempting specific industries from CFIUS review is key.
Pane 05 (Marc, studied ILaw at Fordham, worked for the Office of the Principal Defender for the Special Court for Sierra Leone, CNOOC’s Bid for UNOCAL: Now is the Time to Improve theExon-Florio Amendment, http://www.scribd.com/doc/61823408/CNOOC-s-Bid-for-UNOCAL-Now-is-the-Time-to-Improve-the-Exon-Florio-Amendment)
What does this all mean for Exon-Florio? Almost since its enactment,
AND
from global energy markets might result in a greater risk of supply disruption).

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity MR | Judge: McBride, Lain, Samuels
1ac
Policy 1AC
Contention One --- Weapons of Mass Production
---In the summer of 2005, Congress erupted in outrage at the possibility of Chinese investment in American oil and natural gas. Citing the apocalyptic threat of Sino “weapons of mass production,” Congress passed the Exon-Florio amendment empowering the Council on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to severely restrict foreign energy investors.
Carroll, Attorney for Rogers Law Offices, 2009       
James, Emory International Law Review, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167
The Unocal Incident: Protectionism Run Amok The response to the attempt of CNOOC to
AND
that Reagan threatened to veto in order to strip the economic security provisions.
---Fear of foreign control over oil and natural gas subverts the Exon-Florio process, resulting in racially politicized threat construction.  
Carroll, Attorney for Rogers Law Offices, 2009       
James, Emory International Law Review, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167
Fear of foreign control has always politicized the Exon-Florio process. The tide
AND
, Exon-Florio investigations are driven by the political winds in Congress.
---Specifically, the policy of energy security review places Chinese oil investment as part of a larger homogenous strategy for global domination. Corporate action that would otherwise be widely considered business as usual is securitized and presented as evidence of China’s coordinated global assault on the American way of life.
Pan, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Deakin University, 2009
Chengxin, What is Chinese about Chinese Businesses? Locating the ‘rise of China’ in global production networks, Journal of Contemporary China, 18(58), January, 7–25
While many foreign businesses are moving their operations to China, many Chinese businesses,
AND
what is behind Chinese businesses is nothing short of the whole Chinese nation.
---The problem with CFIUS is the assumption of coherence; not the construction of China as a threat, nor lack of peaceful overtures. Viewing China as a cohesive whole means even when policymakers overcome their fear, fantasy continues to warp and distort America policy response. These questions must be challenged at the level of knowledge production.  
Pan 2012
Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Deakin University, China Watching and Contemporary Geopolitics of Fear and Fantasy, ElgarBlog, http://elgarblog.wordpress.com/2012/12/12/china-watching-and-contemporary-geopolitics-of-fear-and-fantasy-by-chengxin-pan/
In The Geopolitics of Emotion (2009), the French author Dominique Moïse describes how
AND
shift that is likely to profoundly shape global politics in the coming decades.
---The frame of Chinese oil and natural gas investment as monolithic nation-state action makes American security policy a self-fulfilling prophecy that sees acts of aggression behind every business move and investment deal.
Pan 2007
Chengxin, School of International and Political Studies, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University, What Is Chinese About Chinese Business? Implications for U.S. Responses to China’s Rise, Asia Research Centre, CBS, Copenhagen Discussion Papers
From the global production network perspective, not only does the assumption of a zero
AND
succeed in bringing out a more unified rival in China down the road.
---This knowledge production starts from the position of the bomber and enables nuclear annihilation.
Chow, the Andrew W. Mellon Professor of the Humanities and Professor of Modern Culture and Media Studies at Brown University, 2006
Rey, The Age of the World Target: Self-Referentiality in War, Theory, and Comparative Work, p. 40-42
Often under the modest and apparently innocuous agendas of fact gathering and documentation, the
AND
definable object” – and by “the problem of the vanishing object.”
---So called “objective” security claims must be analyzed at the level of knowledge production. The identification of a ‘China threat’ cannot be separated from the colonial desires they satisfy and military powers they benefit.  
Pan 2013
Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Deakin University, Australia, Knowledge, Desire and Power in Global Politics Western Representations of China’s Rise, pg. 82-83
Consequently, for all the claims of the 'China threat’ paradigm to be scientific knowledge
AND
fulfilling prophecy, an issue which will be examined in the next chapter.

Thus the plan --- The United States federal government should end Exon-Florio reviews for crude oil and natural gas production. 

Contention Two --- Global Production Networks
---Voting affirmative embraces a view of oil production as part of global production networks that transforms and deconstructs the nationalist economic lens. Such a move embodies a politics of international solidarity creating the space for pan-national connections between workers in China and the United States necessary to challenge and reshape both discourse and economic structure.
Hart-Landsberg and Burkett 2006
Martin, Professor of Economics and Director of the Political Economy Program at Lewis and Clark College, Paul, professor of economics at Indiana State University, China and the Dynamics of Transnational Accumulation: Causes and Consequences of Global Restructuring, Historical Materialism, volume 14:3 (3–43)
The data does indeed show that China has achieved unprecedented rates of growth and that
AND
to build international solidarity and nationally complementary strategies to oppose and overcome it.
---The problem is one of framing. Reinterpreting energy investment actions as specific businesses working within transnational production networks rather than as aggression from a rising Chinese behemoth shatters the notion of a unified Chinese business interest, exposing elite economic exploitation and challenging populist nationalism.
Pan 2007
Chengxin, School of International and Political Studies, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University, What Is Chinese About Chinese Business? Implications for U.S. Responses to China’s Rise, Asia Research Centre, CBS, Copenhagen Discussion Papers
While such anti-China rhetoric and policies are lent credibility and urgency by the
AND
lost much of their galvanising impact on the government or the general public.
---The elimination of investment restrictions is a critical challenge to American economic unilateralism. The elimination of Exon-Florio restrictions is not an affirmation of free trade systems but rather a strategic move to avoid the assimilation of leftist politics into the Pentagon’s efforts at “containing” China.  
Bello, executive director of Focus on the Global South, and Mittal, co-director of the Oakland-based Institute for Food and Development Policy, 2000
Walden, Anuradha, Dangerous Liaisons: Progressives, the Right, and the Anti-China Trade Campaign, Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, May, http://www.tni.org/archives/archives_bello_china
A coalition of forces seeks to deprive China of permanent normal trading relations (PNTR
AND
, "the wrong war at the wrong place at the wrong time".
---Locating oil and natural gas investment from Chinese businesses within global production networks creates greater sensitivity to the uneven distribution of value and power in the global production processes and is a prerequisite to challenging inequality.
Pan 2009
Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Deakin University, What is Chinese about Chinese Businesses? Locating the ‘rise of China’ in global production networks, Journal of Contemporary China, 18(58), January, 7–25
The complexities of the identity of Chinese businesses are reflected in both the extensive intermingling
AND
in the face of the multiple, unstable identities of businesses and economies.
--- Examining the self-fulfilling tendencies in Sino/American energy policy doesn’t deny Chinese agency and is a prerequisite to coherent policy response.  
Pan 2013
Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Deakin University, Australia, Knowledge, Desire and Power in Global Politics Western Representations of China’s Rise, pg. 106-107
One might take comfort in the fact that neither Beijing nor Washington actually wants a
AND
all the more imperative to lay bare its intrinsic link with power practice.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity MR | Judge: Lain, McBride, Samuels
2ac
case
Only the US has the expertise necessary for China to develop its shale resources- increased Chinese access to US drilling techniques and regulatory methods is critical.
Forbes, manager- Shale Gas Initiative at the World Resources Institute, 12 (Sarah, also the Senior Associate for the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION: “CHINA’S GLOBAL QUEST FOR RESOURCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES; CHINA’S PROSPECTS FOR SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.,” January 26, http://pdf.wri.org/testimony/forbes_testimony_china_shale_gas_2012-01-26.pdf)
Are there risks as well as opportunities for U.S. companies? From
AND
aware of and take into account while pursuing and designing Chinese domestic development.
Chinese shale development key to displace their coal use—renewables cant be scaled up fast enough.
Hanger 12 (John, Special Counsel at the law firm Eckert Seamans, and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, “China Gets Cracking on Fracking: The Best Environmental News Of The Year?,”  Aug 14,  http://johnhanger.blogspot.com/2012/08/china-gets-cracking-on-fracking-good.html)

China sits on natural gas reserves that are estimated to be 50% higher
AND
 will avoid more than 500 million tons of carbon pollution per year or about 1.5% of today's total carbon emissions.

1ar tech transfer
US gas companies currently negotiate passive deals for Chinese companies because of CFIUS restrictions.
Knowledge @ Wharton 12 (China's Underground Race for Shale Gas, aug 21, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2851)

Meanwhile, in the U.S., shale gas leaders, such as Devon
AND
Chinese companies may be able to negotiate better terms, says CATF's Sung.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity MR | Judge: Lain, McBride, Samuels
*2AC-Restrictions on Production 

---we meet-foreign investment restrictions are a type of restriction on production
Hirsch-former senior energy program adviser for Science Applications International Corporation-11
Commentary: Restrictions on world oil production http://www.energybulletin.net/stories/2011-03-28/commentary-restrictions-world-oil-production
Restrictions on world oil production can be divided into four categories: 1. Geology
AND
where government confiscation of oil revenues, substandard technology, and restrictions on foreign
---We meet – FDI restrictions explicitly ban production- Ralls proves
Voss 12 (CJ Attorney at Stoel Rives LLP) September 24, 2012 "Energy Law Alert: CFIUS Intervenes in Chinese-Owned Wind Project" http://www.stoel.com/showalert.aspx?Show=9813)
On July 25, 2012, CFIUS issued an Order Establishing Interim Mitigation Measures requiring
AND
the sale or transfer of the equity or assets of the Oregon Projects.
---FDI restrictions via Mitigation agreements are access restrictions.
Zaring, Law Prof at Penn, 09 (David, Assistant Professor, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania; Visiting Assistant Professor, University of Pennsylvania Law School, CFIUS AS A CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION SERVICE, Nov, 83 S. Cal. L. Rev. 81)
To be sure, determining a "law of CFIUS" is not easy.
AND
to  *85  "mitigate any threat to ... national security." 13
---Counter-interpretation—restrictions include limiting conditions
Plummer 29 J., Court Justice, MAX ZLOZOWER, Respondent, v. SAM LINDENBAUM et al., Appellants Civ. No. 3724COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT100 Cal. App. 766; 281 P. 102; 1929 Cal. App. LEXIS 404September 26, 1929, Decided, lexis

The word "restriction," when used in connection with the grant of interest in
AND
a particular event, or the performance or nonperformance of a particular act.
---These limiting conditions are de-facto prohibitions because they set the bar too high on production
Marchick 07 (David, partner at Covington and Burling, where he advises
companies on the CFIUS process, “Swinging the Pendulum too Far: An Analysis of the CFIUS Process Post-Dubai Ports World,” Jan, http://www.nfap.net/researchactivities/studies/NFAPPolicyBriefCFIUS0107.pdf)
As Figure 4 (see Appendix) shows, jobs associated with foreign investment grew
AND
them at a competitive disadvantage vis-à-vis their American competitors. 

1AR T
Nothing meets
No OCS restrictions
Kathleen Gramp and Jeff LaFave, CBO Budget Analysis Division, August 2012, http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/08-09-12_Oil-and-Gas_Leasing.pdf

Other than the temporary ban on leasing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, there
AND
unless a future Administration chooses to restart the process before that plan expires.
No prohibition on public lands---just administrative hurdle
DOE ‘12
Obama Administration Releases Roadmap for Solar Energy Development on Public Lands
http://energy.gov/articles/obama-administration-releases-roadmap-solar-energy-development-public-lands

Today’s announcement builds on the historic progress made in fostering renewable energy development on public
AND
from sources like wind and solar have doubled since the President took office.

We Meet
Means EVEN IF deals are approved Chinese energy will be blocked.
Hornby 3-8-13 (Lucy, Beijing-based correspondent for Reuters Insider, China's Commerce minister seeks clearer U.S. investment guide, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/09/china-parliament-trade-idUSL4N0C02Y520130309)
China's Commerce minister called for clearer guidelines from the United States on its security review
AND
Mexico, although the Canadian unit could, the Wall Street Journal reported.
D SUBPOINT is WHO not WHERE – status quo restrictions stop Chinese people from coming to the US and producing energy.
Mandel 12 (Jenny, Reporter for EnergyWire, a daily publication covering the unconventional oil and gas sectors, Previous positions with EandE include editing Land Letter and writing news and feature stories for Greenwire, ClimateWire, and other news outlets, “Will U.S. shale technology make the leap across the Pacific?,” EnergyWire: Tuesday, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1)

Modes of tech transfer Despite the challenges, the allure of a massive new domestic
AND
red flags (EandENews PM, Aug. 2, 2005). 

CI

---Access restrictions include constraints that delay or increase the cost of production
EIA 1
U.S. Natural Gas Markets: Mid-Term Prospects for Natural Gas Supply
http://205.254.135.7/oiaf/servicerpt/natgas/chapter2.html

Reducing Federal access restrictions in the Rocky Mountains and OCS is expected to increase the
AND
151.2 trillion cubic feet of resources are currently available for development.
---Prefer our source-The Energy Information Administration is the most qualified source
Amadeo-no date
U.S. Energy Information Administration (DOE EIA)
http://useconomy.about.com/od/governmentagencies/p/DOE_EIA.htm
What the US Energy Information Administration Is:

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) is an independent statistical agency of the U
AND
which states would be the cheapest places in terms of home heating costs.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity MR | Judge: Lain, McBride, Samuels
A2 Anthropocentrism --- CFIUS K AFF
---No link to the aff.
(A.) Considering human impacts doesn’t require anthropocentrism --- Prudential and non-prudential justifications are mutually reinforcing.  
Plumwood 2002
Val, Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason, pg. 129
Similarly, the ideal of avoiding human-centeredness does not imply at all that
AND
confuse them, and in whose interests it would be to do so).
 (B.) Rejecting anthropocentric utilitarianism is counterproductive --- We can use anthropocentric concepts to get others onboard with nonhuman defense and recognition.
Litfin 2003
Karen, University of Washington, Secularism, Sovereignty and the Challenge of Global Ecology: Towards a New Story, http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/events/jointsessions/paperarchive/grenoble/ws6/litfin.pdf
From any particular worldview comes a specific ethical proclivity. Under the secular worldview,
AND
stresses our special ethical responsibilities at least as much as our special rights.
---Permutation do both --- Reject anthropocentrism and aff
---The permutation solves best
(A.) It’s try or die for the Aff --- Even if they win a long term inevitability claim, the alternative has zero mechanism for resolving the political structures of knowledge production that facilitate nuclear violence against the Chinese government. The permutation is the only option that allows the Earth to survive long enough to implement the alternative.
(B.) Combing anthropocentrism with concern for nonhuman life, even within the framework of instrumental rationality, is the only pragmatic first step towards challenging human domination.
Litfin 2003
Karen, University of Washington, Secularism, Sovereignty and the Challenge of Global Ecology: Towards a New Story, http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/events/jointsessions/paperarchive/grenoble/ws6/litfin.pdf
A second critical development is the extension of “rights” to nonhuman species,
AND
full-scale shift towards an integral perspective of the biosphere anytime soon.
(C.) The alternatives sudden abandonment of all human management is catastrophic for both human and non human life. This also answers the ‘human extinction good’ claims that will come out in the block.  
Zizek 2008
Slavoj, Violence, or ........ Ecology as a New Opium for the Masses http://www.lacan.com/zizecology2.htm
The lesson to be fully endorsed is thus that of another environmental scientist who came
AND
obstacle to protecting nature is the very notion of nature we rely on.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity MR | Judge: Lain, McBride, Samuels
A2 Exclude Oil --- CFIUS K AFF
---Chinese production is inevitable- the plan only changes where, it is a question of whether or not it is through a nationalist frame of exclusion, or business freedom
Scissors, Senior Research Fellow-Heritage, 12 (Derek, Senior Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy, and Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs , “China Buys Canadian Energy: Lessons for the U.S.,” July 26, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/china-buys-canadian-energy-lessons-for-the-us)
Wide-Ranging Implications One policy implication of CNOOC–Nexen is thus a bit
AND
regulatory oversight, and is a close American ally is the ideal alternative.
Banning oil acquisition in the US forces Chinese businesses to countries the US sees as hostile, reifying the threat narrative.
Lieberthal and Herberg 06 (Kenneth, director of the John L. Thornton China Center of the Brookings Institution, and Mikkal, Director of the Asian Energy security program at The National Bureau of Asian Research, China’s Search for Energy Security: Implications for U.S. Policy*, http://www.nbr.org/publications/nbranalysis/pdf/vol17no1.pdf)

Both the United States and China will benefit if they can develop a collaborative relationship
AND
each other’s energy insecurities and find new ways to work toward cooperative outcomes.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity MR | Judge: Lain, McBride, Samuels
Politics
Won’t Pass – GOP labor union dispute
Sargent 3/22/13 (Greg, journalist for the Washington post with previous experience at talking points memo, New York magazine, and the New York Observor, “A bait and switch on immigration reform” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/03/22/a-bait-and-switch-on-immigration-reform/) 

Here’s something to keep an eye out for: Republicans who favor immigration reform carefully
AND
deal with Democrats on the real core issue — the path to citizenship.

Won’t Pass – LGBT provision
Lillis 3/19/13 (Mike, staffwriter for the The Hill, “GOP balks at LGBT protections in immigration reform” http://thehill.com/homenews/house/289019-gop-balks-at-lgbt-protections-in-immigration-reform) 

Republicans are refusing to cede ground in their opposition to benefits for lesbian, gay
AND
comprehensive immigration reform absolutely must include gay and lesbian couples and their families."

Won’t pass – no border trigger
York 3/27/13 (Byron, chief political correspondent for the Washington Examiner, http://washingtonexaminer.com/border-security-in-exchange-for-immigration-reform-napolitano-says-no-deal./article/2525505) 

Republicans working to craft a comprehensive immigration reform bill say there is one rock-
AND
immigration reform, they can forget about making a deal, now or ever
China FDI popular – economic considerations and China lobby
Schatz 10-5-12 (Joseph, POLITICO Pro’s tax editor. Before
AND
black and white,” Politico.com October 5, 2012, lexis)
Mitt Romney's hard-hitting ads claim President Barack Obama needs to "stand up
AND
scale of China's investments have changed the equation. Nealer was a Senate l8
5eadership staffer in the 1980s, when Japan's sudden emergency as a car and technology
AND
Obama administration has also made efforts to link Chinese firms with American companies.
Obama has no political capital
Parnes and Sink 3/20/13 (*Amie, the Hills White House Correspondent, *Justin, staffwriter for the hill, “Obama honeymoon may be over” http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/289179-obama-honeymoon-may-be-over) 

The second-term honeymoon for President Obama is beginning to look like it is
AND
wrong path, lockstep lawmakers will be punished in 2014,” he said.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity MR | Judge: Lain, McBride, Samuels
NEXEN DA

Drilling is inevitable in the SCS and only learning capabilities through the plan solves that drilling
Rogers 12 (Will, Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, China’s Foray into Deep-Water Drilling Could Raise Stakes in South China Sea, http://www.cnas.org/blogs/naturalsecurity/2012/05/china-s-foray-deep-water-drilling-could-raise-stakes-south-china-sea.h)
On Monday, Chinese media reported that China’s first deep-water drilling rig (
AND

This February, CFIUS approved CNOOC’s purchase of Nexen, but explicitly included a mitigation agreement prohibiting their operation of deep water oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico.
Plenty 3-1-13 (Rebecca, energy industry reporter for Bloomberg, Cnooc Said to Cede Control of Nexen’s U.S. Gulf Assets, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-01/cnooc-said-to-cede-control-of-nexen-s-u-s-gulf-assets.html)
Cnooc Ltd. (883), China’s largest offshore oil and natural gas producer,
AND
protections for Chinese companies against U.S. competition, Thompson said.¶ 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1AC

Warming Advantage
It’s real and is anthropogenic---contrary evidence is unqualified and funded by fossil fuel hacks
Prothero 12 Donald R. Prothero, Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, 3-1-2012, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused," Skeptic, 17.2, EBSCO
How do we know that global warming is real and primarily human caused? There
AND
change when it threatens their survival. Neither can we as a society.

Reducing emissions now is critical to prevent catastrophic warming
Nuccitelli 12 – Dana, environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in Sacramento and has a Bachelor's Degree in astrophysics from the University of California at Berkeley, and a Master's Degree in physics from the University of California at Davis, 2012, “Realistically What Might The Future Climate Look Like?”, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/01/784931/realistically-what-might-the-future-climate-look-like/
This is Why Reducing Emissions is Critical¶ We’re not yet committed to surpassing 2
AND
Earth than today’s, but we still can and must limit the damage.
Extinction
Flournoy 12 – Dan Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College at Ohio University, Former Associate Dean at State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications at Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University, January 2012, "Solar Power Satellites," Springer Briefs in Space Development
In the Online Journal of Space Communication , Dr. Feng Hsu, a NASA
AND
our Sun” (Hsu 2010 ) (Fig . 2.1 ).
CO2 emissions will destroy the ocean---extinction
Sify, Citing Professors @ University of Queensland and North Carolina, 10 (Sify News,  Citing Ove Hoegh-Gulberg, Professor @ University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute AND Citing John Bruno, Associate Professor of Marine Science @ UNC, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?,” June 19th, http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html)
Sydney: Scientists have sounded alarm bells about how growing concentrations of greenhouse gases are
AND
undergoing massive change and in some cases beginning to fail', he added. 

Warming magnifies all impacts and makes global conflicts inevitable
Ginsborg et al. 12 – Mikkel Funder, Signe Marie Cold-Ravnkilde and Ida Peters Ginsborg - in collaboration with Nanna Callisen Bang, Denmark Institute for International Studies, 2012, "ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICT IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION EXPERIENCES FROM NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT" www.diis.dk/graphics/Publications/Reports2012/RP2012-04-Addressing-climate-change_web.jpg.pdf
2.2 Climate change as a conflict multiplier¶ Climate change is therefore best
AND
actors such as governments – thereby increasing the risk and intensity of conflict.

SPS facilitates transition away from fossil fuels
Flournoy 12 – Don Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College at Ohio University, Former Associate Dean at State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications at Scripps College of Communications at Ohio University, "Solar Power Satellites," January, Springer Briefs in Space Development, Book
One of the obvious opportunities for solar power satellites is to become an on-
AND
Sunsat business to guarantee a sustainable night-and-day fuel source. 

Fossil fuel dependence is unsustainable---only SPS solves world energy needs and can be exported globally
Dvorsky 11-28 – George Dvorsky, writer for Io9, a daily science and technology publication, November 28th, 2012, "How space-based solar power will solve all our energy needs" io9.com/5963955/how-space+based-solar-power-will-solve-all-our-energy-needs
Humanity's demand for energy is growing at an astonishing rate. Combine this with an
AND
200 kilograms), allowing all pieces to be mass produced at low cost.
Terrestrial alternatives fail---only SPS can meet global demand
Flournoy 12 – Don Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College at Ohio University, Former Associate Dean at State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications at Scripps College of Communications at Ohio University, "Solar Power Satellites," January, Springer Briefs in Space Development, Book
Alternative terrestrial energy is not the complete answer, either. According to Woodcock,
AND
SSP does not provide potential targets for terrorists (National Space Society 2008 ).
The plan solves for global emissions
Kammen 7 – Professor of Public Policy @ UC Berkeley (Daniel, "Green Jobs Created by Global Warming Initiative," September 25th, http://www.unep.org/civil_society/GCSF9/pdfs/karmen-senate.pdf)
In addition to supporting domestic job creation, clean energy is an important and fastest
AND
and the actions of a number of emerging economies to ‘go green’.
Space Radar Advantage
Energy shortages in the Air Force prevent space radar development---SPS is key
David 12 – Leonard David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. He is a winner of last year's National Space Club Press Award and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society's Ad Astra and Space World magazines. He has written for SPACE.com since 1999. February 22nd, 2012, "Air Force Eyes Nuclear Reactors, Beamed Power for Spacecraft," www.space.com/14643-air-force-space-nuclear-reactors-power-beaming.html
For example, the Air Force is currently limited to 27 kilowatt (kW)
AND
such as space tethers that could harvest energy from the Earth's geomagnetic field.
SPS solves for space radar motive and capability --- key to ISR and space situational awareness
Dinerman 7 – Taylor Dinerman, DoD Consultant, senior editor at the Gatestone Institute in New York. He specializes in the areas of space, missile defense and geopolitics affairs, July 16th, 2007, “Solar power satellites and space radar” http://integrator.hanscom.af.mil/2007/July/07262007/07262007-16.htm
One of the great showstoppers for the Space Radar (SR) program, formerly
AND
of future capability and less ambitious in terms of near-term operations.
Space radar is key to the navy and effective ballistic missile defense
National Research Council 5 – Committee on the Navy's Needs in Space for Providing Future Capabilites, National Research Council. 2005. "The Navy's Needs in Space for Providing Future Capabilities" www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11299
NSS = Naval Support System
Today, strike targets are identified, classified, tracked, and geolocated through a
AND
specialized maritime radar experts, the operational Navy, and sthe SBR office.
Collapse of the naval effectiveness causes great power wars
Conway et al. 7 James T., General, U.S. Marine Corps, Gary Roughead, Admiral, U.S. Navy, Thad W. Allen, Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard, “A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower,” October, http://www.navy.mil/maritime/MaritimeStrategy.pdf
No other disruption is as potentially disastrous to global stability as war among major powers
AND
and sustain forces, sea control and power projection enable extended campaigns ashore.
Naval power is key to hegemony---no defense applies
Cropsey 12 – Seth Cropsey, Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute, 4/18/12, “The U.S. Navy Shipbuilding Plan: Assumptions and Associated Risks to National Security,” http://www.hudson.org/files/publications/SethCropsey~-~-USNavyShipbuildingPlan~-~-Testimony041812.pdf
Unlike the U.S. whose seapower has protected global sea lanes that other
AND
political liberty would benefit for the remainder of this century. Thank you.
Hegemony prevents global nuclear war
Barnett 11 – Thomas P.M. Barnett is Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, March 7th, 2011, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads
It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of
AND
in all of its forms, deeply embedded in the geometry to come.
Perception of decline causes US lashout---triggers hegemonic wars
Goldstein 7 – Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30, Issue 4 and 5 August 2007, pages 639 – 682
Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical arguments focus explicitly on the consequences for
AND
the period prior to the possible crossover.19 pg. 647-650
Space radar is key to make missile defense effective---prevents Taiwan War and Russia aggression
Pappalardo 8 – Joe Pappalardo, Popular Mechanics, January 28th, 2008, "From Space to Sea, New Radar Tech Could Shift Military Might" www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military/navy-ships/4246901
This month Lockheed Martin released a 280-word statement from its radar research headquarters
AND
of space navigation systems using GPS satellites as reference points from high orbits.
Taiwan escalates and goes nuclear---no defense
William Lowther 3-16, Taipei Times, citing a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3/16/13, “Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report,” http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211
Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis that could trigger a nuclear wa
AND
 such a conflict would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating.”
Russia aggression goes nuclear
Blank 9 – Dr. Stephen Blank is a Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College, March 2009, “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf
Proliferators or nuclear states like China and Russia can then deter regional or intercontinental attacks
AND
perhaps make wars of aggression on their neighbors or their own people.172
Missile defense deployment is inevitable but ineffective now---new upgrades are key to counter global threats including North Korea
Huessy 3/8 – Peter R. Huessy, Senior Defense Consultant Associate at the National Defense University Foundation (NDUF) and President of GeoStrategic Analysis, March 8th, 2013, "Missile Defense Now More Important Than Ever" www.breitbart.com/Big-Peace/2013/03/08/missile-defense-now-more-important-than-ever
Missile defense approaches its 30th anniversary with both great accomplishments behind it and great challenges
AND
to deploy, especially as we see threats emerge from Hezbollah to China.
There’s a high risk of North Korean strikes now
Cornwell 3-26 – Rupert Cornwell, won two British Press Awards as a journalist, previously foreign correspondent for the Financial Times and Reuters, has also been a diplomatic correspondent, served as Washington Bureau Editor.  March 26th, 2013, "North Korean missiles 'on highest alert' to attack US bases on mainland America, Hawaii and Guam " www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/north-korean-missiles-on-highest-alert-to-attack-us-bases-on-mainland-america-hawaii-and-guam-8549318.html
Tensions on the Korean peninsula escalated further today as North Korea announced it had placed
AND
have to do something to show there is real menace behind the bluster.
Extinction
Chol 11 Kim Myong Chol is author of a number of books and papers in Korean, Japanese and English on North Korea, including Kim Jong-il's Strategy for Reunification. He has a PhD from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's Academy of Social Sciences "Dangerous games" Aug 20 www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/MH20Dg01.html
The divided and heavily armed Korean Peninsula remains the most inflammable global flashpoint, with
AND
each spewing as much radioactive fallout as 150-180 H-bombs.
Plan
The Department of Defense should acquire electricity in the United States produced from solar power satellite rectenna conversion.
Solvency

DOD wants SPS---procurement rapidly accelerates commercial development
Lemonick 9 – Michael D. Lemonick is the senior writer at Climate Central,
AND
from_space_moving_beyond_science_fiction/2184/
But the military’s interest in SBSP could give a major boost to the technology.
AND
of Energy — that would have a stake in space-based power.
Procurement makes SPS economically feasible and catalyzes investment
NSSO 7 – National Security Space Office, Report to the Director, October 10, 2007, “Space-Based Solar Power As an Opportunity for Strategic Security; Phase 0 Architecture Feasibility Study” http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/library/final-sbsp-interim-assessment-release-01.pdf
FINDING:The SBSP Study Group found that industry has stated that the #1
AND
prizes or signaling its willingness to become the anchor customer for the product.
SPS-Alpha can be up and running in a few years– new tech ensures feasibility and low costs
Mankins 12 – John C. Mankins, President of Artemis Innovation Management Solutions LLC
AND
/new-paradigm-for-space-based-solar.html
Question: How exactly has the technology evolved since the 1970s? ¶ There have
AND
mass-produced pieces, standard launch systems and robotic assembly in space.
Recent studies prove that SPS tech is feasible now – terrestrial solar fails
Garretson 12 – Lt Col Peter Garretson is an airpower strategist currently serving on the CSAF’s Strategic Studies Group (HAF/CK). His previous assignment was at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses in New Delhi as an Air Force Fellow examining Indo–US long-term space collaboration under the sponsorship of the Council on Foreign Relations. Prior to that he was the chief of future science and technology exploration for the HQ USAF Directorate of Strategic Planning (AF/A8XC), Spring 2012, "Solar Power in Space?" Strategic Studies Quarterly Spring, http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2012/spring/garretson.pdf
As of 2010, the fundamental research to achieve technical feasibility for the SPS
AND
to sunlight, allowing the land beneath to remain available for agricultural uses.
SPS is resilient, cost-effective, and efficient
Reed and Willenberg 4 – Head of the Welsom Space Consortium, and Harvey, PhD, Independent Review Team Leader for Space Power Research for NASA, Former Chief Scientist of the ISS (Kevin and Harvey, , "Early commercial demonstration of space solar power using ultra-lightweight arrays,” Acta Astronautica, Volume 65, Issues 9-10, accessed on Science Direct)
Future systems will be even more sensitive to specific power. A number of conceptual
AND
and are resistant to atomic oxygen and radiation in the operational space environment. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC

Solvency
AT: Space Debris
Debris doesn't take out SPS
Fan et al 11 – MAs from Caltech *William Fan, Harold Martin, *James Wu, Brian Mok, “Space Based Solar Power: Industry and Technology Assessment”, http://www.pickar.caltech.edu/e103/Final%20Exams/Space%20Based%20Solar%20Power.pdf
GEO Sun Tower: This architecture is similar to that of the MEO Sun Tower
AND
a greater distance from earth, which will reduce encounters with space debris.
Global launces inevitable---Asia space race
Williams 2-1 – Carol J. Williams, February 1st, 2013, "Asian space race reflects sharpened U.S.-China rivalry" www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-asia-space-race-global-focus-20130131,0,7945804.story
South Korea’s successful satellite launch this week served as the latest act of one-
AND
U.S. efforts to bridle Beijing’s gallop into the final frontier.
SPS only needs a few launches
Salkever 9 – Alex Salkever, interviewing Cal Boerman, Solaren's Director of Energy Services, September 26th, 2009, "Plans for solar power from outer space move forward" www.dailyfinance.com/2009/09/26/plans-for-solar-power-from-outer-space-move-forward/
How many launches will it take to the get the whole system up and orbiting
AND
some other lightweight reflective material to construct mirrors to concentrate the sun's energy.
AT: Bird Flu
No impact to bird flu
Weil 6— M.D. from Harvard Medical School, Director of the Program in Integrative Medicine of the College of Medicine, University of Arizona (Andrew, “Is Bird Flu Overhyped?,” 15 January, “http:www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1149398,00.html)
Anxiety about avian flu is spreading far faster than the disease. Watch enough reports
AND
general pattern of all influenza pandemics, including the terrible one of 1918.
In addition, we would have a chance to stop the epidemic spread of a mutated avian-flu virus by containing it at its point of origin. A few mining towns in Colorado were able to avoid the 1918 flu by barring outsiders for a few months during the epidemic. Australia mostly escaped because of a strict quarantine of incoming ships.
In 1918 scientists did not know what viruses were and did not understand how they
AND
the avian flu. We do not need to lose sleep over it.

Economy AO
SSA is key to satellite protection – it’s inevitable, it’s only a question of effectiveness
Weeden 9-10 – Brian Weeden, Bachelor's in Science (B.S
AND
.org/media/90775/going_blind_final.pdf
The United States, and indeed the world, is increasingly reliant on satellites in
AND
This data is used by other government entities for a variety of functions.
Satellites are key to the economy
AIAA 10 – Aerospace Industries Association of America, “Aerospace and Defense: The Strength to Lift America”, April, http://www.nationalaerospaceweek.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/whitepaper.pdf
Space systems drive our nation’s competitiveness, economic growth, and innovation. U.
AND
at a time when other nations are rapidly modernizing their own space infrastructure. 

SPS solves resource scarcity and cosmic accidents - both guarantee extinction
Collins and Autino 10 (Patrick, Professor of Life and Environmental Science @ Azabu University, and Adriano, Systems Engineer @ Andromeda Incorporated, “What the growth of a space tourism industry could contribute to employment, economic growth, environmental protection, education, culture, and world peace,” Acta Astronautica, Science Direct)
The major source of social friction, including international friction, has surely always been
AND
valuable activities—notably supplying widely popular travel services to the general public.
1AR XT
2AC Warming
AT: Backstopping
US production high—cutting into global market
Kent 3/12 (Sarah, Wall Street Journal, “OPEC: U.S. Shale Oil to Cut Into Demand,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323826704578356160577328022.html?mod=googlenews_wsj)
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries cut its forecast of demand for its oil
AND
, can maintain its position amid a boom in U.S. oil

 production resulting from shale- rock drilling technology.¶ Senior figures in OPEC initially
AND
, according to data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
No backstopping – no capacity
Forbes 11 (Forbes magazine, “Spare Capacity Dwindles, Alaska Looks Better,” http://blogs.forbes.com/greatspeculations/2011/07/15/spare-capacity-dwindles-alaska-looks-better/)
Heck, Barron’s had a cover story a few days ago about oil reaching $
AND
crude oil is down more 70% from its high in the 1980s.”
It’s impossible
Oweiss 4 – Ibrahim M. Oweiss is an oil economist. He taught at Georgetown University and at Harvard University “The Invisible Hand and the Price of Oil” October 23rd  
In analyzing world market of crude oil, one can expect a trend of higher
AND
an upward trend on the price of oil until demand starts to decrease.
It does not turn the case
Henriques and Sadorsky 8 (Irene, and Peter, Schulich School of Business in Canada, “Oil prices and the stock prices of
alternative energy companies,” http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic741392.files/EnergyStockPrices.pdf, Energy Economics 30 (2008) 998–1010)
Simulation results show the stock prices of alternative energy companies to be impacted by shocks
AND
These results should be of use to investors, managers and policy makers.
AT: Russia
No economy impact
Goodrich and Zeihan 9 Lauren Goodrich, Stratfor's Director of Analysis and Senior Eurasia analyst, and Peter Zeihan, Vice President of Analysis at Stratfor, “The Financial Crisis and the Six Pillars of Russian Strength,” March 3 2009, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090302_financial_crisis_and_six_pillars_russian_strength
Thus, while Russia's financial sector may be getting torn apart, the state does
AND
has many tools more potent than finance with which to continue reasserting itself.
Russia’s economy is declining now – diversification solves
Bloomberg 12-14 – By Henry Meyer and Agnes Lovasz, December 14th, 2012, "Russia Faces Economy Trap as Oil Decline Looms, EBRD Says" www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-13/russia-at-risk-from-dwindling-oil-reserves-european-bank-says.html
‘Petro-State’¶ “The problem of being a petro-state is
AND
model should be economic freedom, private property and non-state capitalism.”

AT: Co2
SPS creation only emits a nebulous amount of CO2 and it's offset by the carbon-free power it creates
Asakura, Professor @ Azabu University, 2k (Asakura,  Keiichiro, Collins, Patrick, Nomura, Koji, Hayami, Hitoshi, and Yoshioka, Kanji, Department of Environmental Policy @ Azabu University, " CO2 Emission from Solar Power Satellite through its Life Cycle: Comparison of Power Generation Systems using Japanese Input-Output Tables," July, http://policy.rutgers.edu/cupr/iioa/AsakuraCollinsNomuraHayamiandYoshioka_LifeCycleCO2.pdf, EMM)
In this paper we have analyzed the CO2 emission likely to be produced by a
AND
to initiative the escape from a 'closed-Earth' industrial-economic system.
2AC Space Radar

2AC Radio DA
No link
Hashimoto 11 (Kozo, Fellow @ the Paleological Association of Japan and  Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, " Frequency Allocations of Solar Power Satellite and International Activities," May, IEEE, EMM)
F. Effects on Radio Propagation From a view point of the safety to biological
AND
terrestrial radio relay links, if harmonics of the SPS beam are phase.
Companies will coordinate to avoid disruption
Smith 8 – PhD Student @ University of Reading M.V., Lt. Col, PhD student in the strategic studies program under Professor Colin Gray at the University of Reading in the UK, winner of the National Space Society’s 2008 Space Pioneer Award, Chief of Future Concepts (Dream Works) the Pentagon, http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/08/31/parking-slots-and-frequencies/
How does a company obtain a geostationary parking slot for a SBSP satellite? Parking
AND
entrant is obliged to ensure that their transmissions will not disrupt existing services.
Asteroid detection efforts will inevitably fail
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 09 (Committee to Review Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies, National Research Council, Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Interim Report, The National Academies Press, http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12738andpage=1)
Congress directed NASA to ask the National Research Council to review NASA’s near-Earth
AND
 near-Earth objects 140 meters in diameter or greater by 2020.

No Asteroid Strikes
Plan solves asteroid deflection
Mahan 7  -  founder of Citizens for Space Based Solar Power (Rob, SBSP FAQ, based on a Bright Spot Radio interview from December 28th, 2007, http://c-sbsp.org/sbsp-faq/)
Are there other reasons you believe we should be developing SBSP space-
AND
a platform for planetary protection from NEO (meteor / asteroid) strikes.

No Asteroid strikes
Murraco 11 (Michael, “Asteroid 2009 DD45 Barely Misses Earth June 1, 2011”, Mount Washington Valley Astronomy, 6/3, http://mwvastronomy.net/2011/06/asteroid-2009-dd45-barely-misses-earth-june-1-2011/)

What has kept the Earth “safe” at least the past 65 million years, other than blind luck is the massive gravitational field of Jupiter, our cosmic guardian, with its stable circular orbit far from the sun, which assures a low number of impacts resulting in mass extinctions by sweeping up and scatters away most of the dangerous Earth-orbit-crossing comets and asteroids. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC “In the US” T
We meet---we procure energy produced IN the US---we only incentivize what is topical
We meet---rectennas would be in the US
Snead 8 – James Michael Snead, senior member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, past chair of the Space Logistics Technical Committee, published in Aerospace America, the Air Force Air and Space Power Journal, the International Society of Logistics’ Logistics Spectrum magazine, the Journal of AstroPolitics, and the online Space Review, graduate of the Air Force Institute of Technology with Master's Degrees in Aerospace Engineering, November 19th, 2008, “The End of Easy Energy and What to Do About It,” National Space Society, http://mikesnead.net/resources/spacefaring/white_paper_the_end_of_easy_energy_and_what_to_do_about_it.pdf
Possible rectenna locations in the United States 2.45/5.8 GHz
AND
greater than the approximately 250 SSP platforms that would likely be used.211

Counter-interp---in means within
The Chambers Dictionary, 2006 Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd. Page 750
In – prep. Expressing the relation of a thing to that which surrounds, encloses, includes, or conditions it, with respect to the time place, time, or circumstance; or to that which  is assumed, held, maintained , or the relation of a right or possession to the person who holds or enjoys it
Counter-interpretation---energy production is creation of electricity for final consumption
DOCC 9 the Department of Climate Change on behalf of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Expert Group on Streamlining Greenhouse and Energy Reporting. "National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Streamlining Protocol" www.climatechange.gov.au//media/publications/greenhouse-report/nger-streamlining-protocol.pdf
7.1 Energy production¶ Under the NGER Act corporations are required to report
AND
the facility or for use other than in the operation of the facility.
Appendix C provides a list of reportable fuels and energy commodities under Schedule 1 of the NGER Regulations.
*National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting System (NGER) is a 2007 Australian GHG reporting scheme
This takes place at rectennas in the US
URSI 5 – International Union of Radio Science (URSI), November 2005, "Supporting Document for the URSI White Paper on Solar Power Satellite Systems," www.ss.ncu.edu.tw/ursi/record/WP_SPS_supdoc_051129.pdf
The rectenna is extremely efficient in the energy conversion. The 82% of the
AND
compared to only 600 Wh/day/m2 for terrestrial photovoltaics.5
SPS collects solar, rectennas convert it to electricity
Powersat 12 – Powersat Corporation, 2012, "Energy market drivers behind Space Solar Power (SSP)" www.powersat.com
Space-based solar power is a method of collecting solar energy so that it can be distributed for use all over the earth. With this amazing technology, space-based solar power is the future of power generation.
Counter-interp---“in the US” includes possessions
Department of Defense 5 (Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005., http://www.thefreedictionary.com/United+States)
UNITED STATES: Includes the land area, internal waters, territorial sea, and airspace of the United States, including the following: a. US territories, possessions, and commonwealths; and b. Other areas over which the US Government has complete jurisdiction and control or has exclusive authority or defense responsibility.
We meet---SPS is in GSO slots that the USFG owns
Smith 8 – PhD Student @ University of Reading M.V., Lt. Col, PhD student in the strategic studies program under Professor Colin Gray at the University of Reading in the UK, winner of the National Space Society’s 2008 Space Pioneer Award, Chief of Future Concepts (Dream Works) the Pentagon, http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/08/31/parking-slots-and-frequencies/
How does a company obtain a geostationary parking slot for a SBSP satellite?¶ Parking slots are allotted internationally, by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU).¶ However, the ITU only allocates orbital slots to countries, and not to private sector companies.¶ Companies must negotiate with countries who hold the rights to orbital slots of interest. They must establish an agreement whereby space-based solar power satellites can thereafter occupy the countries’ allocated orbital slot(s).
Counter-interpretation---of means from a source
Dictionary.com 13 “of” accessed 3-27, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/of
preposition¶ 1.¶ (used to indicate distance or direction from, separation, deprivation, etc.): within a mile of the church; south of Omaha; to be robbed of one's money.¶ 2.¶ (used to indicate derivation, origin, or source): a man of good family; the plays of Shakespeare; a piece of cake.
Prefer it

1. Grammar---key to precision and predictability---multiple anchor points in the resolution gives it coherent meaning---prevents arbitrary definitions
   2. Aff and Neg ground---“extraction” allows affs that mine a little more uranium without creating electricity---that kills link ground. Forcing the aff to be entirely throughout is impossible because energy plants can’t cover the entire US. The word substantial prevents tiny cases
   3. Education---SPS is key
   Medin 10 – Kristin Medin Chief Industrial Designer, NewSpace DesignLabs, Winter 2010, "Disruptive Technology: A Space-Based Solar Power Industry Forecast,"" Online Journal of Space Communication, Issue Number 16, spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue16/medin.html
   Abstract¶ Space-based solar power (SBSP) is an emerging industry whose
   AND
   terrestrial infrastructure needed to distribute that power, potentially to all human civilization.
   4. We internal link turn limits---extraction is limitless
   Natural Gas.org No Date – “Processing Natural Gas" www.naturalgas.org/naturalgas/processing_ng.asp
   Natural gas, as it is used by consumers, is much different from the
   AND
   materials for oil refineries or petrochemical plants, and as sources of energy.
   Reasonability---competing interpretations are a race to the bottom to arbitrary exclude the aff

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Albedo CP
Perm do both
Perm do plan and geoengineering
Perm do plan and reasonable defense plan
2AC Geoengineering CP V2.0
Peer review studies show that injections reduce the albedo-indicts their authors
Alterskjaer Kristjansoon and Seland 11 (10/31 peer reviewed journal under the atmospheric chemistry and physics K. department of geoscience at the university of oslo. J.E. Norwegian meteorological institute. http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/29527/2011/acpd-11-29527-2011-print.pdf)jc
In earlier studies Latham et al. (2008) and Jones et al.
AND
added sea salt reduces the cloud droplet nucleation and therefore the cloud albedo.
Geoengineering fails and causes global instability
Vidal 13 – John Vidal, January 8th, 2013, "Rogue geoengineering could 'hijack' world's climate" www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/jan/08/geoengineering-hijack-world-climate/print
The world's climate could be hijacked by a rogue country or wealthy individual firing small
AND
sapping the ability of governments to tackle the growing threat of climate change.
Hacks proposal new geoengineering ideas all the time---be very skeptical
Discover News 12-13 – Discovery News, December 13th, 2012, "Geoengineering Schemes Split Scientists" news.discovery.com/earth/global-warming/geoengineering-climate-change-121021.htm
In the past, proponents of geo-engineering have proposed things like orbiting space
AND
amount isn't clear. That was another side effect of the Pinatubo eruption.

Reasonable Defense

Preventing Sequestration doesn’t solve Space Radar development---the 1AC proves SPS is key

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Politics DA---Immigration
Won’t pass---and gun control and budget pounds
Altman 3/20 Alex Altman, Washington correspondent for TIME, “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform,” http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/
The next few months offer the best chance in a generation for the two parties
AND
is high. Each day, 1,400 undocumented immigrants are deported.
Perez nomination pounds immigration
US News 3-21-13, Ron Bonjean, “Tread Carefully, GOP—The Perez Nomination Is a Trap”, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/ron-bonjean/2013/03/21/perez-nomination-could-be-a-trap-for-the-gop
While the GOP continues to try to thread the needle over amnesty, pathways to
AND
a fight with some Senate Republicans about voting rights, immigration and discrimination.
Obama will XO immigration reforms
Lillis 2-16 – Mike Lillis, February 16th, 2013, "Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform" thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform
President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event
AND
talented in, but there's also a labor flow issue," he said.
Timeframe is more than 10 years
Navarrette 2-19 – Ruben Navarrette, CNN Contributor, February 19th, 2013, "Guest worker issue may kill immigration reform" www.cnn.com/2013/02/19/opinion/navarrette-immigration-reform/index.html
How long? The undocumented could immediately apply for a special protective status to avoid deportation, but it would take them about eight years to get legal permanent residency (a green card) and another four or five years to become a U.S. citizen.
Congressional support for SPS
Morring 7 – Frank Morring, expert at Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 20th, 2007, “Space Solar Power: Climate, Economy, National Security Drive Another Look At SSP; Experts see warming, economic concerns and energy security as reasons to build SSP” Proquest Search
Another factor that might build support in Congress and the Executive Branch is the effect building an SSP system would have on competitiveness. "Here in the U.S. we continue to be concerned about competitiveness, particularly in light of the migration of many high-tech industries overseas, and how to provide long-term economic and science and technology strength in the U.S. It's an ongoing challenge," Mankins says.
The DOD supports SPS and shields it
Hurst 8 – executive editor and writer for ecopolitology and Cleantechnica (Timothy B. December 21, 2008, Red Green and Blue, “Will Obama Champion Space-Based Solar Power?” http://redgreenandblue.org/2008/12/21/will-obama-champion-space-based-solar-power/)
But there has also been some discussion that Obama could make cuts at NASA,
AND
robust Space-Based Solar Program, we’ll have to wait and see.
No spillover
Judson Berger 3-4, 2013, “Recurring budget crises could put squeeze on Obama's second-term priorities,” Fox News, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/04/recurring-budget-crises-could-put-squeeze-on-obama-second-term-priorities/#ixzz2OknXmt3G
Rep. Luis Gutierrez, D-Ill., a vocal advocate for immigration reform
AND
.C., who both are part of a bipartisan group crafting legislation.
Infrastructure pounds
Katie Fahrenbacher 3-15, “Obama starts unveiling his plans for climate change, clean energy,” 3/15/13, http://gigaom.com/2013/03/15/obama-starts-unveiling-his-plans-for-climate-change-clean-energy/
President Obama called for stronger action on climate change and support of clean energy research
AND
, air and soil from infrastructure projects that could have negative environmental effects.
Aviation taxes pound
Sullivan 3-26-13, Andy, Oman Observer Reporter, “Obama’s tax move against jet loophole hits turbulence”, http://main.omanobserver.om/node/158306
First came the recession, throwing thousands out of work. Then came the drought
AND
are still struggling to emerge from the country’s deepest recession in 80 years.
PC not key and winners win
Hirsh 2-7 – Michael, chief correspondent for National Journal; citing Ornstein, a political scientist and scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and Bensel, gov’t prof at Cornell, "There's No Such Thing as Political Capital", 2013, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
AND
change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect.”
DOD shields
Appelbaum 12 – Binyamin, Defense cuts would hurt scientific RandD, experts say, The New York Times, 1-8, http://hamptonroads.com/2012/01/defense-cuts-would-hurt-scientific-rd-experts-say
Sarewitz, who studies the government's role in promoting innovation, said the Defense Department
AND
find ways to reduce one of its largest budget items, energy costs.
AT: Food
Labor shortages do not impact food prices
Martin 7 (Philip Martin, Professor of California Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, November 2007, Farm Labor Shortages: How Real? What Response, http://www.cis.org/node/637)
The final point is "What does it all mean to consumers?" And in
AND
point it might be instead of me keeping talking to respond to questions.
AT: Economy

No economic benefit to legalization
Hill et al. 10 – Laura E. Hill is a research fellow at
AND

Legalization of the estimated 12 million unauthorized immigrants residing in the United States would lead
AND
tax revenues resulting from increased earnings among the formerly unauthorized would be modest.
No chance of war from economic decline---best and most recent data
Daniel W. Drezner 12, Professor, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, October 2012, “The Irony of Global Economic Governance: The System Worked,” http://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/IR-Colloquium-MT12-Week-5_The-Irony-of-Global-Economic-Governance.pdf
The final outcome addresses a dog that hasn’t barked: the effect of the Great
AND
disruptions of the Occupy movement fuel impressions of surge in global public disorder.
The aggregate data suggests otherwise, however. The Institute for Economics and Peace has
AND
surge in protectionist nationalism or ethnic exclusion that might have been expected.”40
None of these data suggest that the global economy is operating swimmingly. Growth remains
AND
II – and not even worse – must be regarded as fortunate.”42

AT: Biotech
Volcano Defense

No super volcanoes and it won't cause extinction
MSNBC 11 "Supervolcanoes won't destroy Earth in 2012," 12/29, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45818146/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/supervolcanoes-wont-destroy-earth/#.T9wS0LXOzyA

But is another supervolcano eruption on the way? At the dawn of the new year, researchers say: Don't hold your breath.
Catastrophic consequences
Supervolcanoes are capable of eruptions dwarfing anything ever recorded by man, spewing out thousands of times more magma and ash. A supervolcano eruption would have consequences similar to those from the impact of a mile-wide asteroid, potentially killing millions of people and disrupting climate and ecosystems by blotting out the sun with ash and cooling the Earth.
The largest supervolcano blast of the past 25 million years may have been the most recent one: the explosion of Mount Toba in Sumatra some 74,000 years ago. Scientists say Toba released a staggering 700 cubic miles of magma and a thick layer of ash over all of South Asia. By comparison, the famous explosion of the volcanic Indonesian island of Krakatoa  in 1883 released about 3 cubic miles of magma.
There are roughly a dozen supervolcanoes today, some of them lying at the bottom of the sea. One, however, is in the middle of the United States.
The most recent giant eruption of the volcanically active area underlying Yellowstone National Park created the oval-shaped, 40- by 25-mile Yellowstone caldera. These energetic underpinnings are what fuel the park's famous geysers.  Infographic: The Geology of Yellowstone
Minuscule odds
There is evidence that volcanic activity in Yellowstone will eventually lead to a colossal eruption capable of covering half the United States in 3 feet of ash. However, experts agree that super-eruptions are exceedingly rare, and the odds that one will occur in our lifetimes are vanishingly small.
In all, geologists have identified the remnants of about 50 super-eruptions. This may sound like a lot until it is put into the context of the full span of geologic history. Research suggests there is a super-eruption every 700,000 years or so, on average.
Scientists regularly monitor volcanically active regions globally, and there is absolutely no sign of a super-eruption looming anytime soon, said climate scientist Drew Shindell at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, who has studied what super-eruptions might do to climate. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Weaponization DA
2AC Weaponization DA
Weaponization inevitable globally
Bridge 12-10 – Robert Bridge, writer for RT, December 10th, 2012, "Space militarization: Coming to a galaxy near you" rt.com/politics/space-militarization-us-russia-699/print/
The United States is moving toward the militarization of space and this will change the
AND
, which means military confrontation in outer space will intensify,” Zaitsev warned.
US weaponization deters arms races
Dolman 12 – Everett, PhD and Professor of Comparative Military Studies @ US Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies and Recipient of Central Intelligence’s Outstanding Intelligence Analyst Award, “ New Frontiers, Old Realities,” Spring, http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2012/spring/dolman.pdf
And in such circumstances, the United States certainly would respond. Conversely, if
AND
could prepare outer space for a long-overdue burst of economic expansion.
Double bind – if there’s weaponization now, it’s non-unique – if there’s arms control now, the plan would be deployed peacefully and would not cause weaponization
Unilateralism causes cooperation, not backlash
Stone 11 – Christopher Stone, Space policy analyst and strategist, space/missile officer with Air Force Space Command Reserve Component, “American leadership in space: leadership through capability,” The Space Review, Monday, March 14, 2011, pg. http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1797/1
When it comes to space exploration and development, including national security space and commercial
AND
world into space with programs and objectives “worthy of a great nation”.
SPS creates cooperation through the NSP
Garretson 12 – Peter Garretson, Lieutenant Colonel of the USAF serving on CSAF's Strategic Studies Group, Spring 2012 "Solar Power in Space?" Strategic Studies Quarterly Spring
Our current National Space Policy articulates the top three space-related goals as:
AND
It presents excellent opportunities for the United States to lead in international cooperation.
DOD guts Obama space multilateralism now
Mackey 12 – Craig A. Mackey graduated from the American University School of International
AND
.edu/sis/jis/upload/JIS_F2012.pdf
In 2010, President Obama unveiled a new US national space policy, which appeared
AND
in space appears to have stalled in light of US national security considerations.
Weapons are not destabilizing
Lopez 12 – Laura Delgado Lopez, expert at the Institute for Global Environmental Studies, Arlington, Virginia, master's degree in international science and technology from George Washington University, 2009 Truman Scholar and a Northrop Grumman Fellow at GWU's Space Policy Institute, bachelor's in political science, March 6th, 2012, "Predicting an Arms Race in Space: Problematic Assumptions for Space Arms Control" www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14777622.2012.647391
If space weapons are taken to be destabilizing, then the context preceding their deployment
AND
to assume that these weapons would be the destabilizing element in the system.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1AR

T Ev

Under their interpretation, no aff is topical---the US imports coal, oil, and gas
EIA 12-17 – EIA, December 17th, 2012, "Energy Perspectives: United States energy imports decline while energy exports increase" www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=9230
In 2011, the United States consumed more than 97 quadrillion Btu (quads)
AND
, combined to account for about 2% of energy imports in 2011.

1AR Oceans Ev

CO2 acidifies the oceans---causes extinction
Romm 9 Joe, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT, “Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary,” http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/
Global warming is “capable of wrecking the marine ecosystem and depriving future generations of
AND
that life “” the time to start slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now.

1AR Econ Defense

No conflicts resulted from the recession – disproves the impact
Barnett 9—senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC (Thomas, The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis, 25 August 2009, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx)
When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze
AND
friendly cooperation on such stimulus packaging was the most notable great-power dynamic 

caused by the crisis. Can we say that the world has suffered a distinct
AND
great resilience of America's post-World War II international liberal trade order.

1AR Plan Solves Aerospace

Plan solves aerospace workforce
Mankins, President of SPA and Former  NASA Scientist, 9 (John, Preeminent Global Expert on SSP, SPA = Space Power Association, President of ARTEMIS Innovation Management Solutions, Worked @  NASA for 25 Years, “To boldly go: the urgent need for a revitalized investment in space technology,” 5-18, http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1377/1)
Unfortunately, the US investment in advanced research and technology for space exploration and development
AND
valuable space capabilities for the public, the nation, and the world.

1AR Gun Control

Spending capital to pass a controversial guns agenda
Fox News 3-28, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/28/obama-moves-to-hame-congress-into-approving-gun-control-package/
President Obama moved Thursday to put the muscle of the White House and his network
AND
just launched a $12 million ad buy in support of the legislation. 

 
1AR Cyber Defense

No impact to cyber-terror---won’t cause military conflict
Thomas P.M. Barnett 13, special assistant for strategic futures in the U.S. Defense Department's Office of Force Transformation from 2001 to 2003, is chief analyst for Wikistrat, March/April 2013, “Think Again: The Pentagon,” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/03/04/the_pentagon?page=full
As for cyber serving as a stand-alone war-fighting domain, there
AND
and the generals about the imminent threat of a "cyber Pearl Harbor."
Please remember amid all this frenetic scaremongering that the Pentagon is never more frightened about
AND
But you won't hear that from the next-warriors on the Potomac.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Inherency

Contention 1- Inherency
In September of 2012, Obama used his power under Exon-Florio to prohibit a Chinese company named Ralls from operating wind turbines in the United States. Ralls has sued the President and the Treasury Department’s CFIUS committee.  The Court is about to rule against their challenge to national security restrictions on wind production.
Daily Journal of Commerce (Portland, OR) 12/19/12
December 19, 2012 Wednesday SECTION: COMMENTARY LENGTH: 932 words HEADLINE: Commentary
AND
Ralls has said it will appeal, and the court battles will continue.

And, the plan is key- a judicial ruling limiting the application of CFIUS review regarding national security and energy production assets would set a precedent for all foreign investment deals.  The international business community is closely watching the court on this issue.
Vigdor et al-Vinson and Elkins LLP-10/22/12
Blocking Ore. Wind Farms: Overstepping Authority?
http://www.velaw.com/uploadedFiles/VEsite/Resources/BlockingOreWindFarmsOversteppingAuthority.pdf

The Ralls Corporation, a Chinese-owned wind farm developer, has sued President
AND
November when the court holds a hearing on the government’s motion to dismiss.

Grid Investment 1AC

Advantage 1- Grid Investment
The Ralls wind restriction makes Chinese energy investment uncertainty inevitable. Removing national security restrictions is critical to increasing Chinese energy investment in the US.  
Hart 13 (Melanie Hart, Policy Analyst for Chinese Energy and Climate Policy at American Progress. She focuses on China’s science and technology development policies for energy innovation as well as its domestic energy efficiency program, environmental regulatory regime, and domestic and international responses to global climate change. Before joining American Progress, Melanie was a project consultant for the Aspen Institute. She also worked on Qualcomm’s Asia Pacific business development team, where she provided technology market and regulatory analysis to guide Qualcomm operations in Greater China,  "Increasing Opportunities for Chinese Direct Investment in U.S. Clean Energy," Feb 11, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/china/report/2013/02/11/52576/increasing-opportunities-for-chinese-direct-investment-in-u-s-clean-energy/)
In President Barack Obama’s first term, economic issues were often a source of friction
AND
blocked for national security reasons.¶ National security reviews add another layer of uncertainty
Chinese enterprises report that one of their biggest concerns with direct investments in the United
AND
from launching projects that would be a win-win for both nations.
Specifically, this cooperative investment is key to future grid investment.
Hart 13 (Melanie Hart, Policy Analyst for Chinese Energy and Climate Policy at American Progress. She focuses on China’s science and technology development policies for energy innovation as well as its domestic energy efficiency program, environmental regulatory regime, and domestic and international responses to global climate change. Before joining American Progress, Melanie was a project consultant for the Aspen Institute. She also worked on Qualcomm’s Asia Pacific business development team, where she provided technology market and regulatory analysis to guide Qualcomm operations in Greater China,  "Increasing Opportunities for Chinese Direct Investment in U.S. Clean Energy," Feb 11, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/china/report/2013/02/11/52576/increasing-opportunities-for-chinese-direct-investment-in-u-s-clean-energy/)
Why encouraging inward Chinese direct investment in clean energy makes sense for the United States
AND
critical prerequisites for building and promoting Chinese name-brand goods and services. 

Increasing grid investment is critical to avoid massive nuclear meltdowns that risk extinction- outweighs the risk of nuclear war
Goldes, founder Aesop Institute, 11 (Mark Goldes, Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University, is Founder of the Aesop Institute, served as a consultant on economic development to Senator Robert F. Kennedy’s New York office. He later became Chief of Housing and Economic Development for Oakland, California, Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force, "SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE" http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html-http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html)
We are unprepared and are playing Russian roulette with the sun. The NOAA sees
AND
specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern.

More investment is key to grid resiliency- all of their impact defense assumes we can fund grid improvements.
Carson 13 (Phil, Editor-in-chief of Intelligent Utility Daily at Energy Central, "Politics, power and grid investments," Jan 9, http://www.intelligentutility.com/article/13/01/politics-power-and-grid-investments)
I’ve been raving about infrastructure investment and the need for public/private partnerships,
AND
the needed investments to modernize it are the keys to our American future.
More private investment will be critical for grid modernization- public stimulus spending wont cut it
Kovacs 10 (William L. Kovacs, senior vice president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Environment, Technology, and Regulatory Affairs Division., Jan 21, "Smartgrid Modernization Requires Regulatory Reform," http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2010/01/21/smartgrid-modernization-requires-regulatory-reform)
The fledgling smartgrid for electricity got some feathers on its wings in October 2009 with
AND
regulatory structure, business and industry stand ready to make the needed investments.
IF TIME—— The grid is at high risk for failure- investment is needed quickly.
Gunther 13 (Erich,Chairman and CTO, Co-Founder, EnerNex; Chairman, DOE GridWise Architecture Council; IEEE Fellow, PES Board Member,  New Podcast: Modernizing the North American Grid, Feb 6, 2013, http://gridinsights.energycentral.com/detail.cfm/New-Podcast-Modernizing-the-North-American-Grid?id=100)
Aging electric utility infrastructure in the United States is taking its toll on our society
AND
that they are safe, effective, deployable, and cost-effective.

TPP Adv

Advantage 2- the Trans-Pacific Partnership
CFIUS is an important test case for judicial review-the plan has large precedent potential
Bracken 12 (Len, Suit Filed Against CFIUS Order Seen As Trial Balloon in National Security Law, Oct 25, http://www.bartsfisher.com/pdf/040.pdf)
The civil complaint recently filed by the Chinese-owned Ralls Corp. against the
AND
the case is being closely watched for a potential precedent-setting effect.
The plan sets a precedent for limiting national security exemptions in other areas including Freedom of Information Act requirements.
Zaring-Assistant Professor, Wharton School-9
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW Vol. 83:81 CFIUS AS A CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION SERVICE
http://lawgip.usc.edu/assets/docs/contribute/83_1ZaringforWebsite.pdf-http://lawgip.usc.edu/assets/docs/contribute/83_1ZaringforWebsite.pdf
C. CFIUS AND THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL DEFINITION OF NATIONAL SECURITY National security, or
AND
may also represent a different approach to formulating controlling policymaking in national security.
National Security exemptions undermine FOIA’s ability to challenge secrecy in TPP negotiations
Levine-Stanford Law-4/6/12
Bring in the Nerds: Secrecy, National Security and the Creation of International Intellectual Property Law   Cardozo Arts %26 Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2, p. 105, 2012
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2038020-http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2038020

The first observation is the amplified use of formal secrecy as an international lawmaking construct
AND
U.S.’s position as a fair arbiter in international relations.

This secrecy allows corporate interests to hijack the process, locking in restrictive intellectual property provisions. 
Levine-Stanford Law-4/6/12
Bring in the Nerds: Secrecy, National Security and the Creation of International Intellectual Property Law   Cardozo Arts %26 Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2, p. 105, 2012
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2038020-http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2038020

Importantly, this Article does not suggest that all information regarding international IP lawmaking should be disclosed to the public.11 However, the current state of affairs goes too far the other way. While there might be legitimate concerns about foreign diplomatic relations that warrant careful analysis and on occasion some secrecy, particularly with regard to foreign government information held by the U.S., the international lawmaking process’ blanket treatment as an omnibus national security event has lead to fundamental problems of transparency and accountability that make up the second major observation of this Article. While the public has been prevented from seeing negotiating texts and proposals because of proffered national security concerns, ―cleared advisors,‖ chosen by the USTR and made up almost exclusively of industry representatives, have presumably had access to those documents or relevant portions thereof.12 In the case of the cleared advisors for the referenced international agreements, they are almost exclusively IP industry representatives who, as a community, generally seek increasingly restrictive IP laws.13  Foot note included  13James Love, Who USTR Clears to See Secret Text for IPR Negotiations? (Such as TPPA), KNOWLEDGE ECOLOGY INT’L (Feb. 16, 2012, 8:49 AM), http://keionline.org/node/1362 (―After reviewing the names ~of members of several USTR ITACs~ (many of whom are former employees of USTR and other government trade offices), you can evaluate the USTR claim that none of them are ‗lobbyists’ . . . . ―); see also Rashmi Rangnath, PK and EFF Tell Congress: Secret Negotiations Harm the Public Knowledge, PUB. KNOWLEDGE (Aug. 6, 2009), http://www.publicknowledge.org/node/2593 (―~I~ndustry groups such as the ~Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)~, the ~Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)~, and PhRMA (Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America) are members of ITAC 15 ~which covers IP rights~ while public interest representatives, with the exception of one public health representative, are excluded. This gives the IP industry an opportunity to lock in its favored provisions into trade agreements, even when those provisions reflect controversial or unsettled interpretations of U.S. law.‖).  end footnote  This information asymmetry makes the story told by Sean Flynn above particularly egregious. There is nothing stopping Flynn’s American University School of Law’s Program on Information Justice and IP (PIJIP) from hosting another workshop for TPP negotiators. But when PIJIP is unable to access draft TPP negotiating texts and proposals and is simultaneously asked to move its event so that an entity that does have access to negotiating texts through proxies can host a de facto lobbying event, the public should be concerned. The same nerds that were needed in the SOPA and PIPA debates are undoubtedly needed in the closed negotiations surrounding TPP. Thus, stories like Flynn’s underscore both a perception and reality of special treatment for certain interests. Indeed, as has been amply documented,14 FOIA enables different standards of transparency and accountability between government and public versus some private entities that are deemed ―cleared advisors,‖ allowing for more information shared with, and therefore more input coming from, chosen private entities than the public and its nerds.
Scenario One: Disease
Lack of transparency in negotiations undermine efforts to build in protections for global disease prevention—-This year is key and the TPP will set a precedent for future agreements
Balasegaram-Director MSF access campaign-13
tradinG away HealtH: tHe trans-PaciFic PartnersHiPaGreeMent (tPP)
http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2013/Access_Briefing_TPP_ENG_2013.pdf-http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2013/Access_Briefing_TPP_ENG_2013.pdf

Unless damaging provisions are removed before negotiations are finalized, the TPP agreement is on
AND
imposing some of the most damaging TRIPS-plus provisions on developing countries.
Disease pandemics risk extinction.
Steinbruner 1998 
John D., Senior Fellow at Brookings Institution, "Biological weapons: A plague upon all houses," Foreign Policy, Dec 22, LN
It is a considerable comfort and undoubtedly a key to our survival that, so
AND
health, but a fundamental security problem for the species as a whole.
Their defense doesn’t assume Asia which is uniquely vulnerable to pandemics
Asia Business Council ’10
Containing Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases in Asia
http://www.asiabusinesscouncil.org/docs/DiseaseBriefing.pdf

How prepared is Asia for pandemic and epidemic diseases? While efforts by national governments
AND
ensure rapid action to minimize economic and social costs when unexpected diseases hit.
Scenario Two: Agriculture 

Lack on public input in negotiations locks in dysfunctional agriculture policy 
Hansen-Kuhn-Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy-3/4/13
Who’s at the Table? Demanding Answers on Agriculture in the Trans-Pacific Partnership
http://www.iatp.org/documents/who%E2%80%99s-at-the-table-demanding-answers-on-agriculture-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership-http://www.iatp.org/documents/who%E2%80%99s-at-the-table-demanding-answers-on-agriculture-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) has the potential to become the biggest
AND
farmers, consumers, and legislators should ask questions, and demand answers.
This collapses Asian food security
GRAIN Briefing, 2001 (March, Intellectual Property Rights: Ultimate Control of Agricultural R%26D in Asia, http://www.grain.org/briefings/?id=35-http://www.grain.org/briefings/?id=35)

Patent proponents keep banging on about the importance of IPR for access and innovation.
AND
simply a means for controlling the market and extracting more profit from it.
On the other hand, IPRs are entirely inadequate as an incentive for research into
AND
with TRIPS – with severe implications for the region’s long term food security.
Asian governments urgently need to wake up to the inherent threats of IPR over genetic resources, take a look at other options which would better serve the interests of their people, and start implementing a truly pro-people agricultural R%26D agenda. 

The impact collapses civilization 
Brown-Worldwatch-’9 
Lester R, founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute "Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?" Scientific American, May
The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries
AND
states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.
And, IPR development causes massive pesticide use, monocultures, and destroys biodiversity
Tarasofksy and House, Chatham House Analysts, 2005 (June, Report on Trade, Environment and Intellectual Property Rights, http://www.riia.org/pdf/research/sdp/R-IPRs.pdf-http://www.riia.org/pdf/research/sdp/R-IPRs.pdf)

There are several strands to the argument that the TRIPS Agreement and other IPRs impact
AND
both breeders and farmers in this context has yet to be empirically measured.
Causes extinction
Fowler and Mooney, Rural Advancement Fund International, 1990, (Shattering: Food, Politics, and the Loss of Genetic Diversity p. ix)

While many may ponder the consequences of global warming, perhaps the biggest single environmental
AND
narrow our options for the future and render our own survival more precarious.

Solvency

Our aff is a prerequisite security K—-
The frame of Chinese investment as coming from a monolithic, hostile nation-state action makes American security policy a self-fulfilling prophecy that sees acts of aggression behind every business move and investment deal.
Pan 2007
Chengxin, School of International and Political Studies, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University, What Is Chinese About Chinese Business? Implications for U.S. Responses to China’s Rise, Asia Research Centre, CBS, Copenhagen Discussion Papers
From the global production network perspective, not only does the assumption of a zero
AND
succeed in bringing out a more unified rival in China down the road.

—-And our advantage specifically accesses their impacts—Freedom of information is a prerequisite to the alternative —- Access to information key to check the worst forms of corporate governance.
Amoroso 1973
Frank, The Freedom of Information Act: Shredding the Paper Curtain, St. John’s Law Review, Issue 4 Volume 47, May, Number 4, http://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3017%26context=lawreview
Acquisition of information and control over its dissemination are the hallmarks of political power.
AND
currency of power is reflected in the vital issues of the day.1

—-Aff is a prerequisite to the critique —- Unchecked IPR commodifies cultural forms maintaining a hegemonic worldview and actively precluding meaningful dissent.
Macmillan 2003
Fiona, Professor of Law, Birkbeck College, University of London, "Copyright’s Commodification of Creativity," http://www.oiprc.ox.ac.uk/
So the media and entertainment industry controls and homogenises what we get to see,
AND
between law, culture, and the politics of commodifying cultural forms.100

Advocating against existential risks is the most ethical- we have a moral obligation to future generations to put all our focus on avoiding extinction.
Bostrum 12 (http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/were-underestimating-the-risk-of-human-extinction/253821/)
Some have argued that we ought to be directing our resources toward humanity’s existing problems, rather than future existential risks, because many of the latter are highly improbable. You have responded by suggesting that existential risk mitigation may in fact be a dominant moral priority over the alleviation of present suffering. Can you explain why?
Bostrom: Well suppose you have a moral view that counts future people as being
AND
eliminating poverty or curing malaria, which would be tremendous under ordinary standards.

Plan

Plan: The Federal judiciary should substantially reduce restrictions on wind production by holding that economic security should be excluded from the definition of national security in Exon Florio. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

—-We meet-statutory restriction 
A. Statutory restriction is a control or limit
Business Dictionary ’13
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/statutory-restriction.html

statutory restriction
Control or limits imposed on an activity under its ruling legislation.

B. The plan removes a statutory restriction on wind production 
Greguras-KLgates LLP-3/1/13
What Chinese Cleantech Companies Need to Know about CFIUS Review in 2013
http://www.klgates.com/files/Publication/0f625ea6-f867-4aad-9915-acc67e789c40/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/1fb6f0da-9bcd-4776-9aa6-8f88476219f1/Corporate_Alert_03012013.pdf-http://www.klgates.com/files/Publication/0f625ea6-f867-4aad-9915-acc67e789c40/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/1fb6f0da-9bcd-4776-9aa6-8f88476219f1/Corporate_Alert_03012013.pdf

The third question is very open-ended and subject to the changing political climate
AND
developers—any prohibitions or restrictions similar to those imposed on Ralls……"7
—-Our interpretation is Superior-our restriction is grounded in the Foreign Investment and National Security Act. It requires affirmatives to be based in legislative restrictions and excludes regulatory red tape cases. 

—-The plan removes restrictions on the production of wind power—-the issue in Ralls and the action of the plan are about prohibiting energy production not administrative hurdles. 
Clement et al-Ralls Complaint-’12
AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF ’12
http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/RallsFiledAmendedComplaint.pdf-http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/RallsFiledAmendedComplaint.pdf

C. Ralls’s Acquisition and Development of the Butter Creek Projects 58. Plaintiff Ralls
AND
Nor has Ralls had any opportunity to review or rebut such evidence, t

he conclusions CFIUS has drawn from that evidence (aside from its general conclusion regarding
AND
in the violation of Ralls’s right to equal protection violate the United States Constitution
—-Counter-interpretation—restrictions include limiting conditions
Plummer 29 J., Court Justice, MAX ZLOZOWER, Respondent, v. SAM LINDENBAUM et al., Appellants Civ. No. 3724COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT100 Cal. App. 766; 281 P. 102; 1929 Cal. App. LEXIS 404September 26, 1929, Decided, lexis

The word "restriction," when used in connection with the grant of interest in
AND
a particular event, or the performance or nonperformance of a particular act.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
—-FINSA is written broadly to include energy assets. The plan limits the scope of its application by excluding wind power. Their definition doesn’t apply because it’s about striking down a law not interpreting one.  
Jackson-Congressional Research Service-9/26/12
The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33388.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33388.pdf

Factors for Consideration
The Exon-Florio provision includes a list of twelve factors the President must consider
AND
national security, including national economic security and national public health or safety."
—-C/I—-The Courts make law and can legally narrow the scope of a statute
West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008
http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/statute

Laws created through judicial opinion stand in contradistinction to laws created in statutes. Case
AND
statutes unless they are reapproved before a certain amount of time has passed.
—-We meet—-the Court can "reduce restrictions"- contextual evidence
Shim 96 (Yumee, Mountain States Legal Foundation v. Glickman: When a Tree Falls in the Forest, is Anything Left (Of) Standing?, Fall, 1996, 15 Temp. Envtl. L. %26 Tech. J. 277)
Specifically, plaintiffs alleged that the implementation of the Guidelines would drive up the price
AND
agency to comply with the procedural commands of NFMA and NEPA ...." Id.
—-Reducing restrictions can mean not enforcing them
Berger 1 Justice Opinion, INDUSTRIAL RENTALS, INC., ISAAC BUDOVITCH and FLORENCE BUDOVITCH, Appellants Below, Appellants, v. NEW CASTLE COUNTY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT and NEW CASTLE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF LAND USE, Appellees Below, Appellees. No. 233, 2000SUPREME COURT OF DELAWARE776 A.2d 528; 2001 Del. LEXIS 300April 10, 2001, Submitted July 17, 2001, Decided lexis
We disagree.  Statutes must be read as a whole and all the words must
AND
remaining deed restrictions requiring phasing to coincide with improvements to the transportation system. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
—-The permutation solves best —- Combining securitization with criticism renegotiates the logic of security and solves their impact while avoiding legitimate contextualized dangers.
Trombetta 2008
Maria Julia, Environmental security and climate change: analyzing the discourse, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21:4, 585-602
The recognition and constitution of a problem as a threat implies the identification of the
AND
, it is a reflexive and contextualized process that generates meanings and practices.

—-alt cant include the aff- if it does tis a voting issue for affirmative ground and education from cost benefit analysis
—-Providing transparency for the TPP is a prerequisite to the K —- Prevents backdoor negotiations that uniquely enable technocratic energy policy. 
Chin 2012
Allison, President of the Sierra Club, The Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Pact: an affront to democracy, Sierra Club Yodeler, http://theyodeler.org/?p=5819
Members of the public who register with the U.S. Trade Representative are
AND
public and the environment – even if it’s inconvenient for some large corporations.
—-Freedom of information is good —- Critical internal link to preservation of democracy and halt conservative takeover.
Mendel 1999
Toby, Head of the UN ARTICLE 19’s Law Programme, The Public’s Right to Know: Principles on Freedom of Information Legislation, http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/standards/righttoknow.pdf
Information is the oxygen of democracy. If people do not know what is happening
AND
government and is the basis for proper, informed debate of those actions.
—-Fear is the greatest force for good in preventative medicine —- Multiple empirical examples prove it saves lives.
Richards 2001
Edward P., Executive Director, Center for Public Health Law, Professor of Law, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Law, Bioterrorism and the Use of Fear in Public Health, http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/epr_bioterror01.pdf
In 1910, Rosenau, the father of preventive medicine in the United States,
AND
take personal precautions, but not afraid enough to want to restrict others.
—-Environmental Securitization is key to prevent the marginalization of environmental concerns and re-politicize/transform security.
Trombetta 2008
Maria Julia, Environmental security and climate change: analyzing the discourse, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21:4, 585-602
The Copenhagen School warns about the risk of securitization and distinguishes between securitization—’meaning
AND
be brought into existence and new actors can gain relevance in security policies.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Micro-grid fails—-unreliable and quality problems
BIESI 11 Brookings Institution Energy Security Initiative, The Hoover Institution Shultz-Stevenson Task Force on Energy Policy, "Assessing the Role of Distributed Power Systems in the U.S. Power Sector", October, media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/Distributed-Energy.pdf
Microgrid¶ Generation technologies are central to discussions around distributed energy systems. However,
AND
level of distributed generation deployment, reserve margin maintenance can be a problem.
Microgrid’s reliance on multiple inputs fails
Amora 10 Ramon, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, "Controls for microgrids with storage: Review, challenges, and research needs", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews  Volume 14, Issue 7, September 2010, Pages 2009–2018
Microgrids installations and integration in LV distribution systems will increase significantly in future. Consequently
AND
disconnection processes involve big number of microsources at the same time ~6~.

Failure to rule for Ralls would send a dangerous signal undermining judicial review of the executive.
Abassi, chief counsel-Cause of Action, 12 (Amber, Chief Counsel for Regulatory Affairs-Cause of Action, BRIEF OF OREGON WINDFARMS, LLC,KENT MADISON, WILLIAM J. DOHERTY, AND IVAR CHRISTENSENAS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF, Nov 12, http://www.scribd.com/doc/113087608/Ralls-v-CFIUS-Brief-in-Support-of-Motion-to-Participate-as-Amici-Curiae)
C. Judicial review is a necessary prophylactic against the Executive Branch asserting extra-
AND
for American enterprises and their foreign business partners to create a prosperous tomorrow. 

That risks unchecked unilateralism in national security policy.
Landau 12 (Joseph, Associate Professor, Fordham Law School, CHEVRON MEETS YOUNGSTOWN: NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE, 92 B.U.L. Rev. 1917)
Although certain Chevron-backers in theory call for a statutory, not constitutional,
AND
a practical matter, collapses into a theory of single-branch governance.

That kills heg- Bush Doctrine proves.
Ikenberry 2005 G John, IR Prof @ Princeton, Why Bush Grand Strategy Fails, 8-10-2005, http://www.princeton.edu/~~gji3/ikenberryWhyBushForeign%282%29.pdf
America’s power advantages – massive, useable, and enduring — are what gave rise
AND
within consensual rules and cooperative frameworks but by wielding a big stick.37
But this Bush administration vision is premised on a radical misreading of functional power realities
AND
These failures, in turn, reinforce American nationalism and global disengagement.39
The rise of unipolar American power is paradoxical: the collapse of the Soviet Union
AND
American power – and the entire grand strategic vision is thrown into crisis.

Collapse of US leadership risks war in every major flash point.
Brzezinski 12 
~Zbignbiew Brzezinski, national security advisor under U.S. President Jimmy Carter, January/February 2012, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species", Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full,
With the decline of America’s global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to
AND
7. PAKISTAN  Although Islamabad is armed with 21st-century nuclear weapons a

nd held together by a professional late 20th-century army, the majority of
AND
extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America’s Persian Gulf allies. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Won’t Pass – GOP labor union dispute
Sargent 3/22/13 (Greg, journalist for the Washington post with previous experience at talking points memo, New York magazine, and the New York Observor, "A bait and switch on immigration reform" http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/03/22/a-bait-and-switch-on-immigration-reform/-http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/03/22/a-bait-and-switch-on-immigration-reform/) 

Here’s something to keep an eye out for: Republicans who favor immigration reform carefully
AND
deal with Democrats on the real core issue — the path to citizenship.

1. No link- a. Obama is the defendant in Ralls- the plan rules against him
   Zhao 12 (Kun, Update on Ralls Corporation v. CFIUS, et al., Nov 27, http://www.uschinalawblog.com/index.php/2012/11/27/update-on-ralls-corporation-v-cfius-et-al/)
   On September 12, 2012, Ralls Corporation ("Ralls") filed a lawsuit in
   AND
   Defendants’ answer to Ralls’ amended complaint is due by December 8, 2012.
   b. Means Obama wouldn’t take any blame- he and the GOP are on the same side in support of national security restrictions.
   Newsmax 13 (Republicans Upset Over Approval of Chinese Buyout of US Energy Company,
   http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/chinese-clean-energy-buyout/2013/01/29/id/487957)
   Republican anger is growing over the decision to give a Chinese company government approval to
   AND
   Some Republican legislators urged CFIUS to block the buyout for exactly that reason.
   2. Court action provides political cover for Obama to deflect controversy
   Pacelle, Prof-Political Science-Georgia Southern, 2002  (Richard L., Prof of Poli Sci @ Georgia Southern University, The Role of the Supreme Court in American Politics: The Least Dangerous Branch? 2002 p 175-6)
   The limitations on the Court are not as significant as they once seemed. They
   AND
   turn the focus to judicial capacity, the subject of the next chapter.
   3. Future wind fights are inevitable in Congress
   National Journal 13 (Battle Over Wind Subsidy Leaves Industry Bruised, Jan 3, http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/influence/battle-over-wind-subsidy-leaves-industry-bruised-20130103)
   Sen. Mark Udall, D-Colo., who is the most outspoken supporter
   AND
   agree on a way forward. But that’s a fight for another day.

Obama just lost on his labor appointments and Republicans are using it against him in Congress.
Costa 1-31-13 (Robert, is National Review’s Washington editor. He manages NR’s Capitol Hill bureau and reports on the White House, Congress, and campaigns. Politico and Washingtonian magazine recently cited him as one of the capital’s best reporters, "Senate GOP Battles Obama’s NLRB Appointees," http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/339378/senate-gop-battles-obamas-nlrb-appointees-robert-costa)
Senate Republicans continue to hammer President Obama for his recess appointees to the National Labor
AND
, even though a federal court recently ruled that the appointments are unconstitutional. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
3. N/U-the Chinese wind industry is screwed because of domestic reasons
Bloomberg 12 (The Downside of China’s Clean Energy Push, Nov 21, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-21/the-downside-of-chinas-clean-energy-push)
So what’s China gotten for its money so far? Clean power, and plenty
AND
sales—its largest loss since its initial public offering in January 2011.
4. Turn- China CANT be a leader in wind power because its shut out of the US market by the restriction THAT THE PLAN REMOVES.
Rapoza 13 (Kenneth, economics reporter for the Dow Jones, Forbes, Wall Street Journal and Barron’s, First Solar, Now China Wind Power In Washington’s Crosshairs, Forbes, Jan 16, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2013/01/16/first-solar-now-china-wind-power-in-washingtons-crosshairs/)
China wants to become a leader in alternative sources of energy, both as an
AND
It’s just that, if it wants to spread the cheer of cleaner air
5. The plan causes cooperative investment and interdependence not conflict.
Hart 13 (Melanie Hart, Policy Analyst for Chinese Energy and Climate Policy at American Progress. She focuses on China’s science and technology development policies for energy innovation as well as its domestic energy efficiency program, environmental regulatory regime, and domestic and international responses to global climate change. Before joining American Progress, Melanie was a project consultant for the Aspen Institute. She also worked on Qualcomm’s Asia Pacific business development team, where she provided technology market and regulatory analysis to guide Qualcomm operations in Greater China,  "Increasing Opportunities for Chinese Direct Investment in U.S. Clean Energy," Feb 11, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/china/report/2013/02/11/52576/increasing-opportunities-for-chinese-direct-investment-in-u-s-clean-energy/)
One of our most promising opportunities for U.S.-China clean energy cooperation
AND
economic difficulty, we should not let those opportunities go by the wayside.

6. Doesn’t collapse relations- no spillover between issues
Hart 13 (Melanie Hart, Policy Analyst for Chinese Energy and Climate Policy at American Progress. She focuses on China’s science and technology development policies for energy innovation as well as its domestic energy efficiency program, environmental regulatory regime, and domestic and international responses to global climate change. Before joining American Progress, Melanie was a project consultant for the Aspen Institute. She also worked on Qualcomm’s Asia Pacific business development team, where she provided technology market and regulatory analysis to guide Qualcomm operations in Greater China,  "Increasing Opportunities for Chinese Direct Investment in U.S. Clean Energy," Feb 11, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/china/report/2013/02/11/52576/increasing-opportunities-for-chinese-direct-investment-in-u-s-clean-energy/)
One area in which the Obama administration has proven especially adept, however, is
AND
American interests are being harmed, he has not hesitated to get tough.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Wind production is really high now- it was 45% of all new generation in 2012
   Clean Technica 13 (Wind Power Tops In New US Generation Capacity For 2012, Jan 18,  http://cleantechnica.com/2013/01/18/wind-power-tops-in-new-us-generation-capacity-for-2012/)
   With key federal tax credits due to expire at year-end 2012, US
   AND
   , wind power was ~%231 for new US electricity production in 2012.
   2. FDI in wind now
   Holloway 3/21/13
   Japanese bank to fund first U.S. offshore wind farm, James Holloway-Open University, with a B.Sc. in Technology and a Diploma in Design and Innovation, March 21, 2013, http://www.gizmag.com/cape-cod-wind-farm/26753/
   Not having a section devoted to cures for insomnia, Gizmag tends to pass over
   AND
   been signed off by the U.S. Department of the Interior.
   And exports will take too long
   Friedman 3/13/12 (George, stratfor, Ph.D in government at Cornell, "America is Becoming a Natural Gas Exporter and Geopolitical Player in Asia" http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=72361) 

If production continues to increase beyond any increasing demands, the next logical step would
AND
Even without delays, full export capacity will not be reached for years.

No support for exports in the foreseeable future and long timeframe
Dlouhy 7/16/12 (Jennifer A., staffwriter, "Natural gas glut a dilemma for Obama" http://www.chron.com/business/article/Natural-gas-glut-a-dilemma-for-Obama-3706576.php)

WASHINGTON - The drilling boom that has led to a glut of natural gas and
AND
manufacturers as well as voters - few elected officials are pushing the issue.
Russian FDI policy explicitly models CFIUS
Gill et al 2009
Franklin E., retired Research Professor of Law, University of New Mexico School of Law and Chief Corporate Financial Counsel, Sun Company, Inc. The International Lawyer Vol 43 No 2 Summer 2009, Russia and Ukraine, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/multimedia/international_law/docs/committees/russia_eurasia/russiaeurasiayir.authcheckdam.pdf

One of Vladimir Putin’s last acts in his capacity as Russia’s president was to sign
AND
few significant differences, however, in how the two laws are structured.
FDI is key to Russian oil and gas modernization – capital intensive.
Heinrich and Pleines 2012 
Dr. Andreas Heinrich and Dr. Heiko Pleines are working at the Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen, The Political Challenges of an Oil Boom: the Resource Curse and Political Stability in Russia RUSSIAN ANALYTICAL DIGEST No. 113, 15 May 2012 http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/RAD-113.pdf

With no relevant legislation in place, all post-Soviet states saw production sharing agreements (PSAs) as the preferred means of regulating FDI in oil and gas production, because these case-specific agreements are immune to administrative and legislative changes in the host country. Although host governments and investors may have complementary interests, as both profit from rising oil or gas production,

 there are limits to reciprocity. On the one hand, big multi-
AND
to resource nationalism the role of state companies in the industry
Wind solves NO2 emissions.
Sovacool 11 (Benjamin K., Assistant Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, part of the National University of Singapore. He is also a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, The Hidden Factors That Make Wind Energy Cheaper than Natural Gas in the United States, The Electricity Journal, Volume 24, Issue 9, November 2011, Pages 84–95)
With uncertainty around natural gas and power prices as the economy recovers, wind’s long
AND
gas is an underestimate to the extent that it does not include ozone.

That’s key to avoid ozone destruction.
Thompson 12 (Andrew J. Thomson et al, May 2012. 1School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia. Biological sources and sinks of nitrous oxide and strategies to mitigate emissions, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences, 367.1593, p. 1157-1168)
N2O concentrations in the atmosphere are rising steadily with consequences not only for global warming
AND
reduction in future ozone depletion than any of the remaining uncontrolled halocarbon emissions. 

Ozone depletion causes extinction.
Greenpeace 95 ("Full of Homes: The Montreal Protocol and the Continuing Destruction of the Ozone Layer," http://archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/holes/holebg.html)
When chemists Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina first postulated a link between chlorofluorocarbons and ozone
AND
so quickly - the stakes are literally the continuation of life on earth. 

Chemical Industry Add On

Wind power can serve as a hedge against natural gas price shocks and volatility
Berry, 5 (David, Energy Project, Western Resource Advocates, Energy Policy, "Renewable Energy as a Natural Gas Price Hedge: The Case of Wind," April, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 799-807)

3. Renewable energy as a price hedge
Renewable energy with low and stable prices can serve as a hedge against natural gas
AND
typically take all the energy output from a wind facility regardless of gas prices 

High gas prices jack the chemical sector
Bezdek and Wendling, 04 – work for Management Information Services Inc. (Roger and Robert, PUBLIC UTILITIES FORTNIGHTLY, "The Case Against Gas Dependence", April, lexis)

Moreover, two articles last year in Public Utilities Fortnightly that addressed natural gas supply
AND
the most serious effect of the current (and future) gas crisis.

Extinction
Baum 99 – editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society’s Chemical and Engineering News ~Rudy M. Baum, C%26E News, "Millennium Special Report," 12-6-99, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html~~

The pace of change in today’s world is truly incomprehensible. Science is advancing on
AND
up in real public fear of genetic manipulation and corporate control over food.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

T

—-We meet—-the restriction was ON production—-not extra-topical
Baker Botts-INTERNATIONAL TRADE UPDATE-10/1/12
President Obama Blocks Chinese-Owned Wind-Farm Development
http://www.bakerbotts.com/file_upload/Update201210IntlTrade-PresidentObamaBlocksChinese-OwnedWind-FarmDevelopment2.htm

On a more general point, CFIUS has moved to adopt a much more expansive
AND
assets that would normally constitute a business, such as employees or buildings.

Exon Florio gives president authority to prohibit 
Francisco-Jones Day-8
http://www.jonesday.com/exon-florio-alert-regulations-implementing-finsa-take-effect-12-24-2008/-http://www.jonesday.com/exon-florio-alert-regulations-implementing-finsa-take-effect-12-24-2008/
Exon-Florio Alert: Regulations Implementing FINSA Take Effect

The Exon-Florio amendment to the Defense Production Act ("DPA"), enacted in
AND
interstate commerce in the U.S. that could affect national security. 

This includes restrictions on energy investment that threaten "national economic security"
Jackson-Congressional Research Service-9/26/12
The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33388.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33388.pdf

Factors for Consideration
The Exon-Florio provision includes a list of twelve factors the President must consider
AND
national security, including national economic security and national public health or safety."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

China DA

2. China’s military is dependent on its economy – If the economy collapses they wouldn’t be able to fund a war.
New York Post 6/1/99 http://www.papillonsartpalace.com/chinaspy.htm

How are we to make China pay for its wanton act of aggression? The
AND
as a military institution. Weaken Beijing’s economy and you weaken its military.

3. China’s economy is literally bulletproof – It can recover from any crisis.
McKay et al 04- Professsor with the Monasha Asia Institute, Monash University, director of the Austraian APEC Study Centre and is currently with Analysis International, a think tank and new research group –2004 (John, Towards China Inc? Assessing the Implications for Africa, ed by G. Mills and N. Skidmore, p. 59-60 ) 

China’s economic growth is undoubtedly the driving force in the global economy at present.
AND
SARS indicates that the Chinese economy is proving itself to be crisis resistant

---CFIUS 1AC
China Gas
Iran Proliferation
Investment

---1NC
Plank CP- Covertly attack Iran and do the China Shale Gas Initiative
CIR - Aging crisis
T- Restrictions on Production

---BLOCK
Case Defense
CP
Politics

---2NR
Case
CP
Politics

---CFUIS 1AC
Pan Advantage

---1NC
Consumption K

---Block
Consumption K

---2NR
Consumption K

CFIUS 1AC:
China Gas- China Econ
Iran- Strikes/Proliferation
Investment- Economy/Trade

1NC:
ASPEC
T-Restrictions
Courts CP
CIR- Hegemony 

Block:
Politics
Case Defense

2NR:
Politics
Case

1AC- CFIUS aff- K version
1NC: Red Spread, Heg Good K, Schlagg, CIR, T-restrictions
Block: Heg Good K, China Rise Bad, Schlagg
2NR: Schlagg