| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia | Judge: Phil Samuels —Turn —Pollution Outsourcing —Criticizing local waste and energy production without alternative just pushes those processes onto other countries with even less regulatory capacity.
Treuer 2011
Tim, Environmental and reforestation activist currently working on Indonesian Environmental reform, BIMBYism, http://treuer.tumblr.com/post/6965356686/bimbyism
Popular American environmentalism in many was is an metamorphosis of the notion of N.
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the developed world, it’s time to embrace BIMBY (’B’ for Better). —No academic or peer reviewed studies prove the link between energy production pollution and race —University of Massachusetts and GAO studies are conclusive.
Foreman 1997
Christopher H. Jr., Nonresident Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institute, ...And Environmental Justice for All?, Brookings Institute, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/1997/12/01environment-foreman
The cry of "environmental racism," buoyed by misleading research, is belied by
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neither minorities nor low-income people were overrepresented in any consistent manner." —Black bodies don’t face increased pollution-related illnesses —Their examples are cherry picked and politically motivated.
Foreman 1998
Christopher H. Jr., Nonresident Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institute, The Clash of Purposes: Environmental Justice and Risk Assessment, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/1998/03/20environment-foreman
But when you clear away all the smoke blown over risk and racism in recent
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all doubt that factories and dumpsites could never cause cancer—uncertainty prevails. —Nuclear Power A. Link—Social research shows that humans misjudge risk—communities irrationally fear the health effects of nuclear power and are likely to reject new nuclear siting
INSC 98 (International Nuclear Societies Council, organization representing international nuclear societies such as the American Nuclear Society (ANS), Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ), Egyptian Society of Nuclear Science and Applications (ESNSA), "Achieving Public Understanding and Acceptance of Nuclear Power," http://www.ne.jp/asahi/mh/u/INSCAP/Pubund.html)
Sociological research in a number of countries has shown that the main issues regarding nuclear
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more importantly, do not personally know the people who are operating it. B. Nuclear energy solves global warming
Becker et al 8—article by 6 MIT professors – Department of Physics, Professor Emeritus, MIT—Richard Milner—Director, Lab for Nuclear Science and Professor, MIT–AND—Eric Cosman— Department of Physics, Professor Emeritus, MIT—AND—Peter Demos—Department of Physics, Professor Emeritus, MIT—AND—Bruno Coppi—Prof of Physics, MIT (A Perspective on the Future Energy
Supply of the United States: The Urgent Need for Increased Nuclear Power, web.mit.edu/fnl/volume/212/milner.html)
The Problem We Face The reliable and affordable availability of energy is the lifeblood of
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studies, including the 2003 MIT study, The Future of Nuclear Power. C. Warming causes extinction
Deibel 7 Terry L., Professor of IR @ National War College, "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft", Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. —squo Solves the Aff —Environmental justice movements have already succeeded in reframing representations and focus of energy policy —Empiric difficulty in translating that frame into policy action means the affirmative focuses on the wrong set of skills for effective activism.
Foreman 2002
Christopher H. Jr., Nonresident Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institute, Remarks on Environmental Justice, United States Commission on Civil Rights, http://www.brookings.edu/research/testimony/2002/01/11environment-foreman
It is a pleasure and an honor to come before the United States Commission on
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the table when our landmark environmental laws were being crafted a generation ago. —Racism is a function of individual pleasure and ideology not state structure —Refusing American government removes the only check on racist paramilitary groups like the KKK or the Minutemen. The south has rejected ’federal authority’ since the civil war but is yet to emerge as a black heterotopia. Myers 2003
Tony, former lecturer at the University of Stirling. He is the author of Upgrade Your English Essay (Arnold, 2002) and numerous articles on postmodernism, psychoanalysis and politicsSlavoj Zizek, pg 107-108
Of course, as fantasies cannot ultimately coexist peacefully, particularly when they are ethnic
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is a fantasy figure, someone who embodies the void of the Other. —Turn —Take the Land Back —Even if America is imperfect, there is no alternative enforcement mechanism for preserving Native American landbase and treaty rights.
Churchill 1983
Ward, Marxism and Native Americans, pg 1-2
Hess’ talk covered what was (for him) tried and proven ground: growing
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warrant that sort of faith in their collective intentions that Hess was recommending? |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia | Judge: Phil Samuels —Interpretation — Debate is a space for mutually exclusive clash over the desirability of eliminating restrictions and increasing federal government incentives for energy production.==== —Violation —The affirmative rejects federal government action, defends a strategy of community engagement, and does not increase federal government incentives or remove restrictions for energy production. —Voting Issue (A.) Education — Resolution based policy debate enables the ideological clash key to critical thinking, argument development %26 real world deliberation skills.
Mitchell 2010
Gordon R., Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, Switch-Side Debating Meets Demand-Driven Rhetoric of Science, Rhetoric %26 Public Affairs, http://www.pitt.edu/~~gordonm/JPubs/Mitchell2010.pdf
Such findings are consistent with the views of policy analysts advocating the argumentative turn in
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Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Tradition of Debate in North Carolina" in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311
The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating debate and
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with the existential challenges to democracy ~in an~ increasingly complex world. (B.) Predictable Ground — Resolution focused debate is key to pre-round research, argument development and equitable access to the debate space. Solves their offense since they could have made these arguments during the topic meeting.
Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
Galloway (2007) also advances an argument concerning the privileging of the resolution as
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adaptive research once various topics have surfaced through practice or at debate tournaments. —Rejecting switch side debate makes exclusion covert without improving the quality of debates.
Day 1966
Dennis, Assistant professor and director of forensics @ U. of Wisconsin, Madison, central states speech journal, "The Ethics of Democratic Debate" v17 p8
The ethic suggested here is similar to another ethical position which is widely accepted.
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difficult to overcome because of the ego involvement that usually accompanies personal conviction. —Policy debate strengthens student’s fundamental values; not hampers their development.
Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
Finally, shifting political identities is not a source of concern. The PEP researchers
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help students realize their own political identity through careful consideration of multiple viewpoints. (C.) Resolution based argumentation is a prerequisite to the affirmative —Fosters the critical thinking skills necessary to confront racial exclusion and American exceptionalism.
Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
The background of many conversations relating to secondary education concerns the appropriateness of teaching politics
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, Beaumont, Ehrlich, and Corngold, 2007, p. 115). —Switch sides debate promotes a self reflexive engagement with the topic that’s critical to progressive change %26 solves their offense —Empirically serves as a bulwark against totalitarianism and exports advocates to challenge American exceptionalism.
English et al 2007
Eric English, Stephen Llano, Gordon R. Mitchell, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief and Carly Woods, Communications—University of Pittsburg "Debate as a Weapon of Mass Destruction," Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, June, http://www.pitt.edu/~~gordonm/JPubs/EnglishDAWG.pdf
It is our position, however, that rather than acting as a cultural technology
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heirs to brand the activity as a ’’weapon of mass destruction.’’ Dialogical division of ground is key to fair access to the debate space and a prerequisite to all educational benefits to debate.
Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
As referenced above, the resolution provides a basis for research and discussion. Using
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better defense of one’s own thought since ideas need defending against opposing argumentation. local engagement solves none of our education offense — Comparative studies indicate they are ineffective at replicating the benefits of policy debate.
Zwarensteyn 2012
Ellen C., Masters Candidate in Communications at Grand Valley State University, High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning, Masters Theses. Paper 35, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/35
Political learning opportunities tend also to be ignored in high school in favor of community
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theme remains; politics must be an explicit focus to achieve political effectiveness. —Their co-option claims are empirically denied —Four empirical examples. (A.) Citizens Against Toxic Exposure.
Bullard 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/%24file/bullard.pdf
The Escambia Wood Treating site was dubbed "Mount Dioxin" because of the 60
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EPA’s Superfund Program and was hailed as a landmark victory for environmental justice. (B.) Citizens Against Nuclear Trash.
Bullard 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/%24file/bullard.pdf
In 1989, Louisiana Energy Services (LES), a British, German and American
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going back into timber production, as it was before LES bought it. (C.) Convent Environmental Justice Coalition.
Bullard 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/%24file/bullard.pdf
In 1996 battle lines were drawn in Louisiana in another national environmental racism test case
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was the relentless pressure and laser-like focus of the Convent community. (D.) Camden Waterfront Coalition.
Bullard 2004
Robert D., Environment and Morality: Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme Paper, Number 8, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/543B2B250E64745280256B6D005788F7/%24file/bullard.pdf
In April 2000, a handful of residents from Camden, New Jersey, won
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health problems due to pollution and odour-releasing facilities (Schurr 2001). —Err Negative — Bullard is a baller— he is the godfather of the ej movement and most qualified to speak on the question of environmental racism.
Trevisan 2007
Lauren, environmental justice program assistant for the Sierra Club, A dispatch from the Congressional Black Caucus conference, Grist, http://grist.org/article/the-environmental-justice-braintrust/
The godfather of environmental justice, Dr. Robert Bullard, also weighed in at the Braintrust event. As director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center-http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/ at Clark Atlanta University, Bullard is well respected and conveyed some perspective on the fight for environmental justice. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: A. Financial incentives are distinct from rules and regulations-this excludes procurementMenz, 5 - Faculty of Economics and Finance, School of Business, Clarkson University, Bertrand H. Snell Hall, Potsdam, NY, also from the Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo (CICERO), Norway (Fredric, "Green electricity policies in the United States: case study," Energy Policy, December, Science Direct) Italics in original There is considerable variation among states in both their regulatory environments and the policies that
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programs, and other programs to increase market support for renewable energy technologies. 1-Limits-Our interpretation allows a fair number of mechanisms like grants, tax incentives, and loans. Their interpretation explodes the topic by including a number of rules and regulations like feed-in tariffs, net metering requirements, green power certification, and procurement. Fair limits are important to encourage clash and manageable research burdens. 2-Ground-Procurement is a distinct mechanism independent of affirmatives that are required directly to stimulate commercialization in the market. Procurement also allows the affirmative to dodge core generics like the energy DA by increasing procurement in contained areas like nuclear submarines. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Schoen 10/5 (Douglas E. Schoen is a political strategist and coauthor of the book Mad as Hell: How the Tea Party Movement is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System. Schoen has worked on numerous campaigns, including those of Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, Michael Bloomberg, Evan Bayh, Tony Blair, and Ed Koch. "Will Mitt Get a Major Bounce?" http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/10/05/will-mitt-get-a-major-bounce.html
But now the question is how dramatic a change this will mean in the polls
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point. The game has been changed, but maybe not for good. Plan alienates independents, women, and dem base – their polls are tilted by right wingCooper, 11 (Michael, National Correspondent @ NYT, 3/22, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/23/us/23poll.html) Finding places to build new plants could also prove difficult: more than 6 in
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them more afraid that a nuclear accident could occur in the United States. Politico 8/9/12
The disappearing undecided voter
http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=E2DBF931-0401-46E9-8CE7-34520EA745E2-http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=E2DBF931-0401-46E9-8CE7-34520EA745E2 President Barack Obama and Mitt Romney would like to win over undecided voters — but
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people are far more stuck in their corner and stuck in their ways." Obama reelection maintains the US/Russian reset —- Romney will collapse relationsWeir, 3/27/2012 (Fred, Obama asks Russia to cut him slack until reelection, Minnesota Post, p. http://www.minnpost.com/christian-science-monitor/2012/03/obama-asks-russia-cut-him-slack-until-reelection-http://www.minnpost.com/christian-science-monitor/2012/03/obama-asks-russia-cut-him-slack-until-reelection)
Russian experts say there’s little doubt the Kremlin would like to see Obama re-
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If Obama wins the election, it seems likely the reset will continue." Relations solve nuclear war and prevent their conflicts from escalatingAllison %26 Blackwill, ’11
~Graham, director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, former assistant secretary of defense in the Clinton administration, Robert D., Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy — Council on Foreign Relations, served as U.S. ambassador to India and as deputy national security adviser for strategic planning in the Bush administration, both co-chairmen of the Task Force on Russia and U.S. National Interests, co-sponsored by the Belfer Center and the Center for the National Interest, 10-30-11 Politico, "10 reasons why Russia still matters," http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6~~
That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S
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.S. success, or failure, in advancing our national interests. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Carper and Schmid 11 (Ross Carper (rosscarper@gmail.com), a writer based in Washington state, is the founding editor of the creative nonfiction project BeyondtheBracelet.com. Sonja Schmid (sschmid@vt.edu) is an assistant professor in Science and Technology Studies at Virginia Tech. "The Little Reactor That Could?" http://www.issues.org/27.4/carper.html)
"It turns out that most of the … mishaps ~in nuclear plants~
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nuclear liability framework? Questions like these are not easy ones to answer." —-The affirmative’s euphoric embrace of nuclear production through SMR’s follows the historical narrative of energy de-politicization by obfuscating the structural inequality that makes environmental collapse and nuclear war possible.Byrne %26 Toly 2006
John, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy (CEEP) and Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at the University of Delaware, Noah, research associate and Ph.D. candidate in the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy at the University of Delaware, Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse, Transforming Power: Energy, Environment and Society in Conflict, pg 1-3
With environmental crisis, social inequality, and military conflict among the significant problems of
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political, social, economic, and ecological record of the regime’s operations. The affirmatives political stance that describes small modular reactors as a ‘save the world’ technology does not only oversimplify the technology and foreclose the political but also essentializes the technology making large scale accidents and proliferation threats worse---turns the case. Putting framing in nuclear policy first is critical to informed debate and successful implementation---Reject the affirmatives technological determinism in favor of a situated analysis of each individual reactors within their particular imbedded political context.Carper and Schmid 11 (Ross Carper (rosscarper@gmail.com), a writer based in Washington state, is the founding editor of the creative nonfiction project BeyondtheBracelet.com. Sonja Schmid (sschmid@vt.edu) is an assistant professor in Science and Technology Studies at Virginia Tech. "The Little Reactor That Could?" http://www.issues.org/27.4/carper.html)
Mixing metaphors During her dissertation research on the Soviet nuclear industry, Schmid spent a
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national pride, establishing the nation as a major player in technological innovation. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Uniqueness and issue specific spillover – military bases pursuing strong and collaborative local community relations now - key to solve land encroachment issues vital to military effectiveness - but energy citing decisions that cause local community backlash specifically spillover and undermineBoccuti, Faul and Gray, 12
Amanda Boccuti, GIS Support Analyst, Marstel-Day, LLC, providing analysis and GIS support for U.S. Marine Corps projects. Lauren Faul, Specializing in Strategic Communications Analyst, Marstel-Day, LLC, Her primary responsibilities entail the development of engagement plans for the U.S. Marine Corps which will provide them a framework to sustain the missions through community outreach and engagement. She has previously worked as a Communications Director on Capitol Hill and Congressional Liaison for the Marine Corps. Lauren Gray, Environmental Issues Researcher, Marstel-Day, LLC, offering research and analysis of environmental issues for encroachment control plans and communications, outreach and engagement strategies for the U.S. Marine Corps. Her primary focus areas include climate change effects and energy development, 5/21/12, http://engagingcities.com/article/establishing-creative-strategies-effective-engagement-between-military-installations-communi
Throughout the Nation’s history, military installations and ranges were historically established in undeveloped areas
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open, strong relationship in which those nexuses can be explored is key. Local community backlash - Even your solvency advocates admit the link is true and highly likelyAndres and Breetz 11
Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
Small reactors used on domestic military bases are likely to face a number of additional
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and determining whether Permissive Action Links technology could be used to safeguard them. plan sends critical signal of isolation to both local community and base officials - Military bases prioritizing community integration nowParthemore and Rogers, 10
Christine Parthemore, Will Rogers, Center New American Security, 5/20, http://www.cnas.org/node/4502-http://www.cnas.org/node/4502
Are small nuclear reactors a smart choice for increasing energy security and reducing greenhouse gas
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small nuclear reactors on military bases must include examination of these important concerns. Orr et al 09 (Kristen, Project Manager, DOD-Office of Economic Adjustment, with Ned McKinley and Jennifer Driemeyer, "Community and Military Compatibility Planning," Dec 10, http://opr.ca.gov/docs/Military_GPG_Supplement.pdf) The Department of Defense (DoD) has a significant presence in the State of
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, military missions, quality of life and public safety are increasingly jeopardized. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: —-Through alternate means obtain electricity from small modular reactors for Department of Energy and other non- military federal lands for 30 years and should amend any conflicting requirements to narrowly exempt that act.—-Make available loans, loan guarantees, transferable production and investment tax credits for small modular reactors.—-Necessary funding should not be provided from existing funds or programs of the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, or the Nuclear Review Commission. Necessary funding should be provided through creation of a non-budgetary funding stream placing a 1 mill per kilowatt surcharge on commercial electricity and a 2 cents per gallon surcharge on non-federal transportation fuel. Additional funding should be provided through designating a necessary portion of federal oil and gas royalty revenue.King 2011
Marcus, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf
The DOE facilities in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, are pursuing the deployment of a
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, and will be favorably positioned for the domestic and global SMR market. —-More robust detailed design and engineering efforts solve expedited license approval, cost confidence and widespread commercialization.Rosner, et. al. 2011
Robert, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf
The study team learned during the study, which included comments received from the utilities
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supporting follow-on manufacturing and construction activities for SMRs are carried out. Wallace 2005
President of Constellation Generation Group, Mike Wallace, CQ Congressional Testimony, "NUCLEAR POWER 2010 INITIATIVE," 4/26, lexis
The Department of Energy’s Nuclear Power 2010 program is a necessary, but not sufficient
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is a necessary and appropriate investment in U.S. energy security. Only the parity option speeds up licensing, leads to approval, and solves safetyReynolds 2010
Roger S., Adjunct Mechanical Engineering Professor WSU Tri-Cities, "APPLICABILITY OF THE NRC LIGHT WATER REACTOR LICENSING PROCESS TO SMRs," July 2010, https://smr.inl.gov/Document.ashx?path=DOCS%2fReading+Room%2fPolicy+and+regulation%2fANS+SMR+APPLICABILITY+OF+THE+NRC+LWR+LICENSING+PROCESS+910.pdf
4. TECHNOLOGY-NEUTRAL FRAMEWORK: PARITY OPTION
As noted above, the only option currently available for gaining approval of a deviation
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i.e., a convincing demonstration that the design is safe enough. advanced renewable microgrids solve, pay for themselves and avoid disad – best studySERDP 2012
Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, 7/10/12
http://serdp-estcp.org/News-and-Events/News-Announcements/Program-News/DoD-study-finds-microgrids-offer-improved-energy-security-for-DoD-installations-http://serdp-estcp.org/News-and-Events/News-Announcements/Program-News/DoD-study-finds-microgrids-offer-improved-energy-security-for-DoD-installations
DoD Study Finds Microgrids Offer Improved Energy Security for DoD Installations. Advanced microgrids offer
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loads and maintain mission-critical loads if the electric grid is disrupted. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Matt Stepp et al. 11, specialist in clean energy innovation at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, formerly Fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, et al, May 2011, "Ten Principles for Creating a New U.S. Clean Energy Policy," http://www.itif.org/files/2011-guiding-principles.pdf-http://www.itif.org/files/2011-guiding-principles.pdf R%26D is fundamentally the most important part of an effective clean energy innovation
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role in supporting this transition or what leading clean energy policy expert Bill Bonvillian Daniel Sarewitz 12, Co-Director, Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes, Arizona State University; and Samuel Thernstrom Senior Climate Policy Advisor, Clean Air Task Force, March 2012, "Energy Innovation at the Department of Defense: Assessing the Opportunities," p. 9 Liquid fuels are indispensable for the U.S. military. Nuclear reactors power
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amount). Indeed, alternative fuels cannot promise performance advantages of any sort. Kate Anderson 10, Senior Engineer in the Integrated Applications Office, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2/1/10, "SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS," https://smr.inl.gov/Document.ashx?path=DOCS%2FReading+Room%2Fgeneral%2FNuclear+White+Paper+by+NREL+020110.pdf-https://smr.inl.gov/Document.ashx?path=DOCS%2FReading+Room%2Fgeneral%2FNuclear+White+Paper+by+NREL+020110.pdf Small nuclear reactors were originally developed for defense applications. The US Navy began developing
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is 12 to 14 years away from building such a power plant.7 Folbre, professor of economics – University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 3/26/’12
(Nancy, "The Nurture of Nuclear Power," http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/26/the-nurture-of-nuclear-power/-http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/26/the-nurture-of-nuclear-power/) Remember the brouhaha about %24563 million in Obama administration loan guarantees to Solyndra,
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additions to power generation capacity in the United States between 2010 and 2035. Magwood, commissioner – NRC, 7/14/’11
(William, "ECONOMICS AND SAFETY OF MODULAR REACTORS; COMMITTEE: SENATE APPROPRIATIONS; SUBCOMMITTEE: ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT," CQ Congressional Testimony) That is not to say that SMRs are a new idea. The conceptual benefits
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insufficient to enable vendors to provide utilities with reliable cost and schedule estimates. The plan is too slow and costs too much – your evidence misunderstands nuclear economicsMakhijani, Ph.D in Nuclear Engineering AND Boyd, Masters in Environmental Policy 10 (*ARJUN, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research – Ph.D in Engineering specializing in nuclear physics at the University of California-Berkeley, *MICHELE, Director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, where she is focused on preventing the construction of new nuclear reactors due to their inherent cost, waste, safety, security and proliferation risks and on promoting safe, clean renewable energy and energy efficiency – has a master’s degree in environmental policy from the University of Michigan and two bachelor’s degrees in biology and agriculture from Purdue University, "Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power" http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf-http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf) SMR proponents claim that small size will enable mass manufacture in a factory, enabling
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to try to achieve economies of scale and make nuclear power economically competitive. Phasing of SMR reactors keeps costs high and means it takes longer than traditional nuclear power plantsMakhijani, Ph.D in Nuclear Engineering AND Boyd, Masters in Environmental Policy 10 (*ARJUN, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research – Ph.D in Engineering specializing in nuclear physics at the University of California-Berkeley, *MICHELE, Director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, where she is focused on preventing the construction of new nuclear reactors due to their inherent cost, waste, safety, security and proliferation risks and on promoting safe, clean renewable energy and energy efficiency – has a master’s degree in environmental policy from the University of Michigan and two bachelor’s degrees in biology and agriculture from Purdue University, "Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power" http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf-http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf) Proponents argue that because these nuclear projects would consist of several smaller reactor modules instead
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the PBMR) propose no secondary containment, but this would increase safety risks And small-scale manufacturing won’t offset costs and time consumption compared to on-site traditional reactor development – also their evidence must be viewed with extreme skepticismMakhijani, Ph.D in Nuclear Engineering AND Boyd, Masters in Environmental Policy 10 (*ARJUN, electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research – Ph.D in Engineering specializing in nuclear physics at the University of California-Berkeley, *MICHELE, Director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility, where she is focused on preventing the construction of new nuclear reactors due to their inherent cost, waste, safety, security and proliferation risks and on promoting safe, clean renewable energy and energy efficiency – has a master’s degree in environmental policy from the University of Michigan and two bachelor’s degrees in biology and agriculture from Purdue University, "Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power" http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf-http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf) These cost increases are unlikely to be offset even if the entire reactor is manufactured
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to ensure safety, especially given the history of some of proposed designs. Lyman 5/9/12 (Edwin, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. Lyman was president of the Nuclear Control Institute, a Washington, D.C.-based organization focused on nuclear proliferation. From 1992 to 1995, he was a postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University’s Center for Energy and Environmental Studies (now the Science and Global Security Program). He earned a doctorate degree in physics from Cornell University in 1992.– The article was moderated by Ms. Sharon Squassoni, Senior Fellow and Director of the Proliferation Prevention Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)"Small Modular Reactor Panel Discussion, Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, Summary Prepared by Derek Updegraff, Rebecca Lordan, Pierce Corden Dirksen-‐366 May 9, 2012" http://cstsp.aaas.org/files/SummaryFinalSMR.pdf-http://cstsp.aaas.org/files/SummaryFinalSMR.pdf) Lyman was skeptical about the prospects for reductions in manufacturing cost resulting from the industrial learning process, and therefore argued that the US should expect smaller reactors to be more expensive per MW. Further, Lyman said that standard economics of scale point to SMRs having overnight capital costs a factor of 2 to 3 higher per MW than large reactors. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: 1. The base reactors will get destroyed by motors, intensify attacks, and cause nuclear terrorismAndres, Ph.D of National Security at the National War College and Breetz, Ph.D candidate in Political Science at MIT 11 (*Richard B., Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University. *Hanna L., is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712) Using the emerging technology at expeditionary locations carries far greater risks. Besides the concerns
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must incorporate contingency plans in the event that reactors fall into enemy hands. Smith 2/16/11 (Terrence P., program coordinator and research assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy at CSIS, where he assists with projects on global growth and economic governance, with a particular focus on the dynamic Asia-Pacific region, He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of California at Santa Cruz with a B.A. in psychology. "An Idea I Can Do Without: "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations"" http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations-http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations) The proposed solution: small nuclear reactors that (in many of the proposed plans
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comes to nuclear material a "might" doesn’t sit well with me. Preble 2012
Christopher Preble, vice president for defense and foreign-policy studies at the Cato Institute, The Critique of Pure Kagan, The National Interest July/August 2012, http://nationalinterest.org/bookreview/the-critique-pure-kagan-7061?page=1 Kagan’s too-casual rejection of any reasonable alternative to American hegemony reveals the crucial
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. But, once again, he concedes that he cannot prove it. Fettweis 2011
Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO
It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship
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global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone. Mearsheimer 2011
John J., R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, The National Interest, Imperial by Design, lexis
One year later, Charles Krauthammer emphasized in "The Unipolar Moment" that the
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heady days of the early 1990s have given way to a pronounced pessimism. Parent and MacDonald 2011
Joseph M. Parent is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami. Paul K. MacDonald is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College. "The Wisdom of Retrenchment: America Must Cut Back to Move Forward" http://www.ihavenet.com/World-United-States-The-Wisdom-of-Retrenchment-America-Must-Cut-Back-to-Move-Forward-Foreign-Affairs.html
A somewhat more compelling concern raised by opponents of retrenchment is that the policy might
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the United States, such as al Qaeda, want it to fall. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Clay | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Howard 4/6/9 (Brian C., staffwriter, "Is Green Opposition to Nuclear Power to Blame for Global Warming?" http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/blogs/recycling-design-technology/nuclear-power-global-warming-460409-http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/blogs/recycling-design-technology/nuclear-power-global-warming-460409) Well nuclear is not zero carbon, as uranium mining is extremely dirty and fossil
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(without the Congressional act that strictly limits liability to completely unrealistic levels). Aurilio and Sargent 2011Anna and Rob, Anna Aurilio is Director of the DC office for Environment America responsible for policy development, research and advocacy on energy issues and anti-environmental subsidies and MS in Environmental Engineering from MIT. Rob Sargent is the Energy Program Director for Environment America. Nuclear Power Will Set Back Race Against Global Warming, New Report Shows http://www.environmentamerica.org/news/ame/nuclear-power-will-set-back-race-against-global-warming-new-report-shows-http://www.environmentamerica.org/news/ame/nuclear-power-will-set-back-race-against-global-warming-new-report-shows
Washington, DC- Far from a solution to global warming, nuclear power will
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-built dam to create a lake to fight a nearby forest fire." Madsen et al 9 (*Travis, has worked with Frontier Group since 2002. His work has won coverage in a wide variety of local and national media outlets, including the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times. He has helped to build the foundation for major policy advances, including the phaseout of toxic flame retardant chemicals from U.S. commerce and the expansion of renewable electricity standards across the nation. Prior to joining Frontier Group in 2002, Travis completed a fellowship at the New Jersey Public Interest Research Group, helping to win a campaign for tougher limits on automobile air pollution. Travis holds a bachelors degree in molecular biology and chemistry from the University of Colorado, and currently resides in Santa Barbara, California. *Tony Dutzik, Tony Dutzik is senior policy analyst with Frontier Group. His research has focused on climate and energy policy, transportation, privatization of government services, and state-based approaches to public policy challenges. His reports have received national media attention - gaining coverage in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Philadelphia Inquirer and other major newspapers - and have helped lay the groundwork for reforms such as state adoption of enhanced emission standards for cars. Tony holds a Master’s degree in print journalism from Boston University and a Bachelor of Science degree in public service from Penn State University, Bernadette Del Chiaro, directs Environment California’s Clean Energy Program and serves as the primary contact for energy issues, Del Chiaro holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Conservation and Resource Studies from the University of California at Berkeley. Rob Sargent, He is currently the Energy Program Director for Environment America and oversees policy and strategy development for energy and global warming campaigns throughout the U.S and in our nation’s capitol. He has been involved as a policy advisor and strategist in numerous successful campaigns to promote state Renewable Energy Standards; the adoption of the California Clean Cars programs in the states; energy efficiency measures and in shaping state and regional commitments to reducing global warming emissions. He is a 1982 graduate of the University of Vermont. "Generating Failure How Building Nuclear Power Plants Would Set America Back in the Race Against Global Warming" http://www.environmentamerica.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Generating-Failure—-Environment-America—-Web_0.pdf-http://www.environmentamerica.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Generating-Failure~-~--Environment-America~-~--Web_0.pdf) If both nuclear power and clean energy technologies such as renewable energy and energy efficiency
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%244.4 trillion over the entire lifetime of the reactors.141 Madsen et al 9 (*Travis, has worked with Frontier Group since 2002. His work has won coverage in a wide variety of local and national media outlets, including the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times. He has helped to build the foundation for major policy advances, including the phaseout of toxic flame retardant chemicals from U.S. commerce and the expansion of renewable electricity standards across the nation. Prior to joining Frontier Group in 2002, Travis completed a fellowship at the New Jersey Public Interest Research Group, helping to win a campaign for tougher limits on automobile air pollution. Travis holds a bachelors degree in molecular biology and chemistry from the University of Colorado, and currently resides in Santa Barbara, California. *Tony Dutzik, Tony Dutzik is senior policy analyst with Frontier Group. His research has focused on climate and energy policy, transportation, privatization of government services, and state-based approaches to public policy challenges. His reports have received national media attention - gaining coverage in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Philadelphia Inquirer and other major newspapers - and have helped lay the groundwork for reforms such as state adoption of enhanced emission standards for cars. Tony holds a Master’s degree in print journalism from Boston University and a Bachelor of Science degree in public service from Penn State University, Bernadette Del Chiaro, directs Environment California’s Clean Energy Program and serves as the primary contact for energy issues, Del Chiaro holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Conservation and Resource Studies from the University of California at Berkeley. Rob Sargent, He is currently the Energy Program Director for Environment America and oversees policy and strategy development for energy and global warming campaigns throughout the U.S and in our nation’s capitol. He has been involved as a policy advisor and strategist in numerous successful campaigns to promote state Renewable Energy Standards; the adoption of the California Clean Cars programs in the states; energy efficiency measures and in shaping state and regional commitments to reducing global warming emissions. He is a 1982 graduate of the University of Vermont. "Generating Failure How Building Nuclear Power Plants Would Set America Back in the Race Against Global Warming" http://www.environmentamerica.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Generating-Failure—-Environment-America—-Web_0.pdf-http://www.environmentamerica.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Generating-Failure~-~--Environment-America~-~--Web_0.pdf) Quick Action Through Clean Energy Can Demonstrate International Leadership If the United States chooses nuclear
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a leadership role in building a clean technology and clean energy economy.135 3. And nuclear power causes global warmingCaldicott 2010 (Helen, Founding President of Physicians for Social Responsibility and Founder of Womens Action for Nuclear Disarmament How Did an Idealistic President Become a Champion of Nuclear Power and By Default, Weapons Proliferation?-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/helen-caldicott/how-did-an-idealistic-pre_b_446628.html Huffington Post February 2 2010 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/helen-caldicott/how-did-an-idealistic-pre_b_446628.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/helen-caldicott/how-did-an-idealistic-pre_b_446628.html) Despite the Obama administration’s push for nuclear power-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/31/obama-administration-push_n_443586.html it, in fact, will never
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nuclear meltdowns would exacerbate the catastrophic effects of nuclear war ensuring no survival. 4. And you can’t solve carbon emissions external to the electricity, and even if nuclear power was 75% of worldwide energy production, it would only reduce CO2 by 8%Feiveson 1 (Harold, currently serves as the Secretary-Treasurer of the Federation of American Scientists Council and is a Senior Research Policy Scientist of the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University. "The Search for Proliferation-Resistant Nuclear Power" http://www.fas.org/faspir/2001/v54n5/nuclear.htm ) The quest for proliferation-resistance - for a new generation of reactors and fuel
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emissions to 2100 of 1150 billion tons - significant, though not decisive. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: First, Energy production includes electricity production, production of fuels including nuclear, and heating and cooling by renewable resources.NASA S%26T Info Project no date
(NASA Scientific and Technical Information Project, "Scope and Subject Category Guide," http://www.sti.nasa.gov/sscg/44.html Definition
Energy Production – The production of electricity, combustible fuels, nuclear and thermonuclear fuels, and heating and cooling by renewable resources. Merriam Webster Online
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for-http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for used as a function word to indicate purpose a grant for studying medicine B. Violation-There is a distinction between investment and production incentives-the plan must be an incentive directly tied to the production of electricity generation.Doris, 12 – National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Elizabeth, "Policy Building Blocks: Helping Policymakers Determine Policy Staging for the Development of Distributed PV Markets," Paper to be presented at the 2012 World Renewable Energy Forum, 5/13-5/17, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/54801.pdf) 3.3 Market Expansion
This stage of policy development targets the development of projects and includes both incentives that
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the design and implementation of effective market incentives. Specific policy types include:
• Incentives. In the context of this framework, incentives are defined as direct
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is prepared for project development. There are three primary types of incentives:
• Investment incentives directly alter the first cost of technologies. These incentives can take
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direct capital investment, but instead prioritizes reduction in pay-back period.
• Production incentives provide payment for electricity produced from the distributed electricity. These are
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incentives have the potential to be invested in projects that do not materialize).
• Feed-in-Tariffs. This incentive type reduces investment risk by providing fixed payments for projects based on the levelized cost of renewable energy generation. This (among other design characteristics) distinguishes feed-in-tariffs from production-based incentives, which are based on monetizing the value of the electricity to the grid or the value to the electricity purchaser.
• Removing Siting Restrictions or Ensuring Broad Market Access. Siting restrictions can be stipulated
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date, market development has not been limited by these types of regulations.
• Streamlined Permitting. Permitting for solar facilities has traditionally been the jurisdiction of localities
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, so it is not currently considered a primary policy for developing markets. 2-Ground-Our interpretation locks in core links to core arguments like energy disadvantages and focuses the debate on the site of production. Their interpretation allows affirmatives the dodge the central question of the topic by only indirectly relating to the production of energy. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Natural Gas prices low – storage and liquid drillingReuters 8/25/12 ("UPDATE 3-U.S. natgas futures end lower, reverse early gains" http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/08/24/markets-nymex-natgas-idINL2E8JO3ID20120824-http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/08/24/markets-nymex-natgas-idINL2E8JO3ID20120824) NEW YORK, Aug 24 (Reuters) - U.S. natural gas
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and the five-year average increase for the week of 62 bcf. Medlock Et Al 11 (Kenneth B., Ph.D. – James A Public Policy – Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy)
More generally, the United States has a well-developed, competitive regulatory framework
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grandfather coal resources—could also hamper future investments in shale gas resources. Friedman 3/13/12 (George, stratfor, Ph.D in government at Cornell, "America is Becoming a Natural Gas Exporter and Geopolitical Player in Asia" http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=72361-http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=72361)
The United States has significantly increased its natural gas production since 2005, largely because of advancements in extraction technology. These technological improvements are relatively new, so their exact long-term impact on U.S. production is currently unclear. However, in the short term, this increased production has caused domestic prices to decrease substantially. That’s key to the chemical industry, steel industry, the economy and U.S. manufacturing competitivenessHR News 11 ("Abundance of US Shale Gas Resources May Spark Manufacturing Renaissance" http://www.globalhrnews.com/story.asp?sid=1470-http://www.globalhrnews.com/story.asp?sid=1470)
The abundance of shale gas resources may spark a U.S. manufacturing renaissance
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can create for U.S. workers and communities," concluded McCutcheon. Low prices key to the manufacturing base and the economySchwartz 6/20/12 (Shelly K., staffwriter for CNBC "Can the Natural Gas Sector Save the US Economy?" http://www.cnbc.com/id/47280026-http://www.cnbc.com/id/47280026)
Lower Prices Spur Growth To get a better sense of the potential economic impact,
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benefits from affordable energy and demand for products used to extract natural gas. Royal 2010 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, pg. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of extern conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Observation One: The counterplan is legitimate. It leverages the reduction of restrictions on effective industry environmental assessments. Literature and net benefits prove the CP is a predictable and germane policy consideration. Observation Two: Net Benefits Plan violates NEPA – only the counterplan solves, prevents delays, and results in waste confidence rules and crushes the environmentKeedle 9/10/12 (Jayne, staffwriter, "NRC Will Study Environmental Impact of Temporary On-Site Storage of Nuclear Waste" http://easthaddam.patch.com/articles/nrc-will-study-environmental-impact-of-temporary-on-site-storage-of-nuclear-waste-f1ccc0a0-http://easthaddam.patch.com/articles/nrc-will-study-environmental-impact-of-temporary-on-site-storage-of-nuclear-waste-f1ccc0a0) Jepsen said he supports a federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission order to its staff to develop
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be stored on site for up to 30 years after a reactor closed. Diner 94 ~Judge Advocate’s General’s Corps of US Army, David N., Military Law Review, Winter, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161~
No species has ever dominated its fellow species as man has. In most cases
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wings, ~hu~mankind may be edging closer to the abyss. BARSA-prof law NU-11 38 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 219, *
LEARNING FROM DISASTER: LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO: SYMPOSIUM ARTICLE: RECONCEPTUALIZING NEPA TO AVOID THE NEXT PREVENTABLE DISASTER Now imagine that we re-conceptualize NEPA and related environmental reviews in two important
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, the buyer can elect to treat the purchase contract as rescinded. 136 |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: —-The affirmative’s view of energy as interchangeable units collapses the political by obfuscating structures of consumption. Energy policy becomes a rigged game requiring the annihilation of the environment, poverty and exploitation of billions.Hildyard Lohmann %26 Sexton 2012
Nicholas, founder and Director of The Corner House, Larry, author of the book "Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power" %26 works at the British NGO The Corner House, Sarah, a director of The Corner House, Energy Security For What? For Whom? The Corner House, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/energy-security-whom-what
In sum, encouraging a rational debate about "energy security" necessitates understanding what
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policymakers and social movements must ask when initiating any discussion of energy security. Illich 1974
Ivan, Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest, and "maverick social critic" of the institutions of contemporary western culture, Energy and Equity, http://worldstreets.wordpress.com/2010/09/29/energy-and-equity-ivan-illich/
I will argue here that technocracy must prevail as soon as the ratio of mechanical
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industrial-minded planners bent on keeping industrial production at some hypothetical maximum. Swyngedouw 2009
Erik, School of Environment and Development, Manchester University, The Antinomies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a Democratic Politics of Environmental Production, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 601–620
Live Earth concerts, waving the banner of climate change and urging the world’s leaders
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presence of power relations and competing interests (Dikeç, 2005: 172). |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1. Proliferation is stable and solves conflict – history provesDratler 10 (Jay, Goodyear Professor of Intellectual Property, Emeritus Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of California (San Diego), and a J.D. degree from Harvard Law School, where he was articles editor of the Harvard Law Review. "The Case for Nuclear Proliferation" http://jaydiatribe.blogspot.com/2010/04/case-for-nuclear-proliferation.html-http://jaydiatribe.blogspot.com/2010/04/case-for-nuclear-proliferation.html) The strongest argument for nuclear proliferation is not speculation, but history. Since the
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attempt at mutual genocide that accomplished absolutely nothing. Better late than never. Dratler 10 (Jay, Goodyear Professor of Intellectual Property, Emeritus Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of California (San Diego), and a J.D. degree from Harvard Law School, where he was articles editor of the Harvard Law Review. "The Case for Nuclear Proliferation" http://jaydiatribe.blogspot.com/2010/04/case-for-nuclear-proliferation.html-http://jaydiatribe.blogspot.com/2010/04/case-for-nuclear-proliferation.html)
Rogue Regimes After terrorists and crazies, rogue regimes are the next strongest argument against
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to improve the chances of their regimes’ survival against mutiny or popular revolt. 2. And no incentive to strike first – risk of failureWaltz 2k—Kenneth, pol sci prof at Berkeley (Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Volume 1, Number 1, Winter/Spring 2000, Interviewed by Jeremy Goldberg %26 Parag Khanna "Interview: Is Kenneth Waltz Still M.A.D. about Nukes?", http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gjia/gjia_winspr00f.html-http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gjia/gjia_winspr00f.html) Proximity also does not mean vulnerability. Every country has enough space to move its
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much enthusiasm out of the military for fighting wars it’s going to lose. And empirics are on our sideBzostek 5 (Rachel, PhD Candidate Pol. Sci. "WHY NOT PREEMPT? AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF LEGAL AND NORMATIVE CONSTRAINTS ON THE USE OF ANTICIPATORY MILITARY ACTIVITIES ", August, http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06302005-104805/unrestricted/Bzostek_dis.pdf-http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06302005-104805/unrestricted/Bzostek_dis.pdf) Anticipatory Military Activities: Do States Preempt? While there are a plethora of different
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important to look at the different explanations and hypotheses tested in these studies. 3. New proliferators will build small arsenals – uniquely stable.
Seng, 1998
~Jordan, PhD Candidate in Pol. Sci. – U. Chicago, Dissertation, "STRATEGY FOR PANDORA’S CHILDREN: STABLE NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AMONG MINOR STATES", p.203-206~
However, this "state of affairs" is not as dangerous as it might
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launched without a definite, informed and unambiguous decision to press that button. Seng, 1998
~Jordan, PhD Candidate in Pol. Sci. – U. Chicago, Dissertation, "STRATEGY FOR PANDORA’S CHILDREN: STABLE NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AMONG MINOR STATES", p.56-57~
Kenneth Waltz argues that leaders in all new nuclear states will build only small arsenals
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This is very likely to be the case in all developing world situations. Feiveson 1 (Harold, currently serves as the Secretary-Treasurer of the Federation of American Scientists Council and is a Senior Research Policy Scientist of the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University. "The Search for Proliferation-Resistant Nuclear Power" http://www.fas.org/faspir/2001/v54n5/nuclear.htm ) It should be recognized straight away that many in the nuclear industry worldwide believe that
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of addressing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction. Green 4/13/05 (Jim, staffwriter, "Global warming: Nuclear power no solution" http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/32741-http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/32741) Proponents of nuclear power downplay or ignore altogether the problems that would be exacerbated by an expansion of nuclear power globally or the introduction of nuclear power into Australia — including nuclear weapons proliferation, radioactive waste, and the risk of catastrophic accidents. Nuclear weapons proliferation. The "peaceful" nuclear power and research sectors have produced enough fissile material to build over 110,000 nuclear weapons. Australian uranium has resulted in the production of more than 60 tonnes of plutonium, sufficient to produce about 6000 nuclear weapons. Supposedly "peaceful" nuclear facilities can be — and have been — used in various ways for weapons research and production. Of the 60 countries which have built nuclear power or research reactors, about 25 are known to have used their "peaceful" nuclear facilities for covert weapons research and/or production — a strike rate of about 40%. Israel, India, Pakistan, South Africa and possibly North Korea have succeeded in producing nuclear weapons under cover of a "peaceful" nuclear program (details at http://www.mapw.org.au/nuclear-reactors/02green.html). Claims that the international safeguards system prevents misuse of "peaceful" nuclear facilities and materials are grossly overstated. Recent statements from the UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency and US President George Bush about the need to limit the spread of enrichment and reprocessing technology, and to establish multinational control over sensitive nuclear facilities, amount to an acknowledgement of the fundamental flaws of the international safeguards system. Choubey 11/07/07 (Deepti, Deputy Director of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/06/AR2007110601851.html-http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/06/AR2007110601851.html) Last month marked the eighth anniversary of the Senate’s failure to ratify the Comprehensive Test
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should begin to address now in preparation for the next Congress and President. Miller and Sagan 9 (*Steven E., Director, International Security Program; Editor-in-Chief, International Security; Co-Principal Investigator, Project on Managing the Atom, *Scott, Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1981-1982; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security ""Nuclear Power Without Nuclear Proliferation?"" http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19850/nuclear_power_without_nuclear_proliferation.html-http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19850/nuclear_power_without_nuclear_proliferation.html) This surge of interest in nuclear energy — labeled by some proponents as "the
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arrangements of the past will be adequate to manage our nuclear future effectively. ====1. Integral fast reactors still risk global proliferation – proliferators would use it in unintended ways and it provides political cover====
Green 2010 (Jim, PhD in Science and Technology Studies, Australian Coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, NUCLEAR WEAPONS, NUCLEAR POWER %26 INTEGRAL FAST REACTORS http://foe.org.au/sites/default/files/IFR-FoEA-web-Feb2010.pdf-http://foe.org.au/sites/default/files/IFR-FoEA-web-Feb2010.pdf) The main problem is that the claims made about the proliferation resistance of IFRs are
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reactors, which could potentially be used to produce fissile material for weapons. Green 2010 (Jim, PhD in Science and Technology Studies, Australian Coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, NUCLEAR WEAPONS, NUCLEAR POWER %26 INTEGRAL FAST REACTORS http://foe.org.au/sites/default/files/IFR-FoEA-web-Feb2010.pdf-http://foe.org.au/sites/default/files/IFR-FoEA-web-Feb2010.pdf) In theory, there is much to like about the idea of conventional reprocessing with
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proliferation and terrorism virtually requires us to either internationalize or ban nuclear power." Lovins 2009 (Amory B., Cofounder and Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute, 1993 MacArthur Fellow, one of the TIME 100 most influential people and Foreign Policy 100 Influential thinkers, "NEW" NUCLEAR REACTORS: SAME OLD STORY Nuclear Monitor ~%23690, June 26, 2009 http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/lovinsonifretc.pdf-http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/lovinsonifretc.pdf) Reprocessing of any kind makes waste management more difficult and complex, increases the volume
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nuclear waste." Of course, the nuclear industry wishes this were true. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Can’t solve – other countries and scientists develop the technology
Clayton 7/2/10 (Mark, staffwriter, "US-backed loans to expand nuclear power: a boon for overseas jobs?" http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0702/US-backed-loans-to-expand-nuclear-power-a-boon-for-overseas-jobs) Nuclear power opponents and taxpayer groups on Friday took fresh aim at new nuclear reactor
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outside of the United States by foreign companies," Mr. Mariotte said. And we’ll import, not build nuclear power plants – lack of manufacturing capacityMadsen et al 9 (*Travis, has worked with Frontier Group since 2002. His work has won coverage in a wide variety of local and national media outlets, including the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times. He has helped to build the foundation for major policy advances, including the phaseout of toxic flame retardant chemicals from U.S. commerce and the expansion of renewable electricity standards across the nation. Prior to joining Frontier Group in 2002, Travis completed a fellowship at the New Jersey Public Interest Research Group, helping to win a campaign for tougher limits on automobile air pollution. Travis holds a bachelors degree in molecular biology and chemistry from the University of Colorado, and currently resides in Santa Barbara, California. *Tony Dutzik, Tony Dutzik is senior policy analyst with Frontier Group. His research has focused on climate and energy policy, transportation, privatization of government services, and state-based approaches to public policy challenges. His reports have received national media attention - gaining coverage in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Philadelphia Inquirer and other major newspapers - and have helped lay the groundwork for reforms such as state adoption of enhanced emission standards for cars. Tony holds a Master’s degree in print journalism from Boston University and a Bachelor of Science degree in public service from Penn State University, Bernadette Del Chiaro, directs Environment California’s Clean Energy Program and serves as the primary contact for energy issues, Del Chiaro holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Conservation and Resource Studies from the University of California at Berkeley. Rob Sargent, He is currently the Energy Program Director for Environment America and oversees policy and strategy development for energy and global warming campaigns throughout the U.S and in our nation’s capitol. He has been involved as a policy advisor and strategist in numerous successful campaigns to promote state Renewable Energy Standards; the adoption of the California Clean Cars programs in the states; energy efficiency measures and in shaping state and regional commitments to reducing global warming emissions. He is a 1982 graduate of the University of Vermont. "Generating Failure How Building Nuclear Power Plants Would Set America Back in the Race Against Global Warming" http://www.environmentamerica.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Generating-Failure—-Environment-America—-Web_0.pdf-http://www.environmentamerica.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Generating-Failure~-~--Environment-America~-~--Web_0.pdf) The American nuclear industry is not ready to move quickly. No American power company has ordered a new nuclear power plant since 1978, and all reactors ordered after the fall of 1973 ended up cancelled. As a result, domestic manufacturing capability for nuclear reactor parts has withered and trained personnel are scarce. No risk of a bioterror attack, and there won’t be retaliation - their evidence is hypeMATISHAK ’10 (Martin, Global Security Newswire, "U.S. Unlikely to Respond to Biological Threat With Nuclear Strike, Experts Say," 4-29, http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100429_7133.php-http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100429_7133.php) WASHINGTON — The United States is not likely to use nuclear force to respond to
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biological weapons as ’the poor man’s atomic bomb,’" he added. Weather blocks and solves death tollLAQUER 99 (Walter, Cochair of the International Research Council at The Center for Strategic and International Studies, "The New Terrorism") Ironically, the major factor retarding the use of gases and germs by states and
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just been said with regard to terrorists may also be to state terrorism. AHLERS ’11- senior producer, transportation and regulation, for CNN (Mike M., "Bioterror security at risk", December 20, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2011/12/20/bioterror-security-at-risk/) Recent and proposed budget cuts at all levels of government are threatening to reverse the
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largely unprepared for a large-scale bioterror attack or deadly disease outbreak. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The fifty states of the United States and all relevant territories should substantially increase production cost incentives to build small modular nuclear reactors in the United StatesBen-Moshe et al 9 (Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale,* Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason "FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL %26 STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA" http://www.felj.org/docs/elj302/19gale-crowell-and-peace.pdf)
In addition to federal subsidies, various states have passed legislation to promote the development
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renewable portfolio standard, which we describe in detail in the next section. |
| 10/27/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Emory HR | Judge: JV Reed
A. Uniqueness-Momentum for PNTR to pass in the lame-duck-Election year politics were a major hang up and Obama is pushing
Star Telegram 10/18/12
U.S. traders eager to cash in on Russia pact, but it’s stalled in Congress
http://www.star-telegram.com/2012/10/18/4345919/us-traders-eager-to-cash-in-on.html WASHINGTON — When Russia formally joined the World Trade Organization as its newest member in
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a new harvest season,” he said. “We’d like to benefit.”
B. Links
Energy debates drain capital
National Journal 12 (“Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues” http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829)
In a climate where everything from transportation issues to the farm bill have gotten caught
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Congress is gridlocked because of who is there.… The middle is gone.” Narrow agenda key to productive session. Empirically, Obama overreaching threatens to collapse lame-duck.
Miniter-investigative journalist-12
Leading from Behind: The Reluctant President and the Advisors Who Decide for Him p.85
After the historic defeat, Axelrod went on to teach a course called Campaign Strategy
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. Congress was exhausted and didn't want to take any more political risks.
C. Impact Failure makes Russia lashout
Milov et al 3/14/12 (Sergey Aleksashenko Political Council member, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas) Alexander Lebedev Independent businessman and politician Vladimir Milov Leader, “Democratic Choice” movement Alexey Navalny Attorney and civil activist Boris Nemtsov Co-chairman, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas), "Solidarity” movement Ilya Ponomarev State Duma member, Just Russia Party Vladimir Ryzhkov Co-chairman, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas) “Remove Russia from Jackson-Vanik!”
Removal of Russia from the provisions of the Cold War era Jackson-Vanik Amendment
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Bill 1039). It is time to remove Russia from Jackson-Vanik! Causes nuclear war and extinction
Israelyan 98 Victor was a Soviet ambassador, diplomat, arms control negotiator, and leading political scientist. The Washington Quarterly, Winter)
The first and by far most dangerous possibility is what I call the power scenario
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be able to stumble on, until we all fall down together." n12 |
| 10/27/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Emory HR | Judge: JV Reed
The fifty states and all relevant territories should
-deem enhanced oil recovery by means of carbon dioxide in the public interest and include the process in underground energy law, all surface and subsurface rights necessary and useful should be authorized.
- include in the Unit Agreement the extension of the oil and gas leases beyond termination of the Unit and through a future potential CO2 storage term which term would be until the CO2 storage project itself were actually permanently terminated and sealed
-establish an Anti-Recession Budget Reform Initiative, create State Reserve Banks and fund the counterplan with these mechanisms plus creating job insurance contributions for the unemployed in times of recession.
- provide a tax credit for enhanced oil recovery that uses industrial carbon dioxide in the United States. The cp solves increased co2 eor
Martson and Moore 8 (Philip M. Marston Patricia A. Moore Mr. Marston is an energy regulatory attorney in Alexandria, Virginia, practicing as Marston Law, and Ms. Moore is an oil and gas attorney in Dallas, Texas. Each of the authors has over three decades of experience in their respective aspects of energy law and regulation. “FROM EOR TO CCS: THE EVOLVING LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE” http://www.marstonlaw.com/index_files/from%20eor%20to%20ccs.pdf
In the case of Mississippi, the underground natural gas storage law was amended in
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storing and withdrawal of CO2, or for more permanent storage of CCS. The cp solidifies a legal framework for eor---allows its implementation
Martson and Moore 8 (Philip M. Marston Patricia A. Moore Mr. Marston is an energy regulatory attorney in Alexandria, Virginia, practicing as Marston Law, and Ms. Moore is an oil and gas attorney in Dallas, Texas. Each of the authors has over three decades of experience in their respective aspects of energy law and regulation. “FROM EOR TO CCS: THE EVOLVING LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE” http://www.marstonlaw.com/index_files/from%20eor%20to%20ccs.pdf
This existing legal and institutional structure means that an operator planning ahead for future potential
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how to fund potential future remediation operations in the event they are required). The counterplan solves deficit spending and the multiplier effect---this is a solvency advocate for uniform action.
Attewell 9 (Steven Attewell is completing his PhD in history at the University of California at Santa Barbara, where he specializes in the history of public policy. His dissertation discusses the history of public employment from the New Deal to the rise of Reagan. He co-authors a blog called “The Realignment Project”, which discusses current political developments and proposed policies through the lens of history. “Fifty-State Keynesianism - Part Deux” http://www.economicpopulist.org/content/fifty-state-keynesianism-part-deux)
A 50-State Solution: One of the things that's often puzzled me about
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, forestalled foreclosures, and prevented further job losses in the private sector. |
| 10/27/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Emory HR | Judge: JV Reed
No company or lender is willing to invest in CCS – even after regulations
Johnson 6-11
Steve, “Co-op Rep: EPA Off Base on Carbon,” http://www.ect.coop/public-policy-watch/energy-environment/electric-cooperative-epa-carbo-reduction-rule/45194 CCS costs prevent solvency
Rochon et al 08 Peer Reviewed, Greenpeace International: Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace, Authors include: Dr Erika Bjureby, Dr Paul Johnston, Robin Oakley, Dr David Santillo, Nina Schulz, Dr Gabriela von Goerne (Emily, May 2008, “False Hope: Why carbon capture and storage won’t save the climate,” http://www.probeinternational.org/False%20Hope%20~-~-%20Why%20carbon%20capture%20and%20storage%20won%92t%20save%20the%20climate.pdf C02 will leak
Johnson et al. 10 – PhD in Atmospheric Science
Andrew Simms, policy director of New Economics Foundation, UK think tank, and head of NEF's Climate Change Programme, Dr. Victoria Johnson, researcher for the climate change and energy programme at NEF, MSc with distinction in Climate Change from the University of East Anglia and PhD in Atmospheric Physics at Imperial College, London and Peter Chowla, Policy and Advocacy Officer at the Bretton Woods Project. “Growth isn’t possible”. New Economics Foundation, January 25,2010. http://www.neweconomics.org/sites/neweconomics.org/files/Growth_Isnt_Possible.pdf |
| 10/27/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Emory HR | Judge: JV Reed
Empirics and studies prove c02-eor and ccs do not line up---no way the plan can solve warming
Department of Energy 10 (“CO2-driven Enhanced Oil Recovery as a Stepping Stone to What?” http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-19557.pdf)
Though it runs contrary to conventional wisdom regarding the foundational nature of CO2-EOR
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these early CCS facilities fail to make use of this valuable revenue stream. Even so it would take 100,00 years
Bullis 9 (Kevin Bullis Senior Editor, Energy “A Reality Check for Carbon Capture” http://www.technologyreview.com/view/413398/a-reality-check-for-carbon-capture/)
There's been some speculation online recently about a new company called C12 Energy that's received
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like an idea better suited to the lab than to a commercial enterprise. The skwo is already going to solve warming, but the plan risks tradeoffs making it worse
LA times 12 (citing Mark Zoback, a geophysicist at Stanford University, “Underground carbon dioxide storage likely would cause earthquakes” http://www.latimes.com/news/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-carbon-storage-may-cause-earthquakes-20120618,0,5073255.story)
And, Zoback added, in order to make any sort of dent in emissions
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. I think CCS in comparison is just too expensive and too risky.” CCS doesn’t solve---no way to sequester the main contributions
Richard 6 (Michael has been with TreeHugger since 2005. He started out as a part-time writer, but after about a year (circa February 2006) he made the transition to full-time editor-in-chief, citing Timothy Flannery, the Chief Commissioner of the Australian Climate Commission, an independent body providing information on climate change to the Australian public. is currently a professor at Macquarie University. He is also the chairman of the Copenhagen Climate Council, an international climate change awareness group. “Important! Why Carbon Sequestration Won't Save Us” http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/important-why-carbon-sequestration-wont-save-us.html)
Carbon sequestration, also known as geosequestration, seems like a good deal. "
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Meanwhile, old coal power plants have an average lifetime of 60 years. The plan causes earthquakes---that takes out any solvency for warming
Orcutt 12 (Mike, technology review research editor “Will Carbon Capture Be Ready on Time?” http://www.technologyreview.com/news/428355/will-carbon-capture-be-ready-on-time/)
Information about the global storage capacity is limited, but a 2012 study by MIT
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-required site characterization studies could let the greenhouse gas escape, he says Earthquakes spark great power war
Brancati 7 (Dawn, Academic Employment - Harvard University, Institute for Quantitative Social Science; 2007; "Political Aftershocks: The Impact of Earthquakes on Intrastate Conflict", 51-5, http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/51/5/715)
Earthquakes, I argue, promote intrastate conflict by increasing competition among groups for scarce
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on earthquakes to attract popular support, recruit soldiers, and finance campaigns. |
| 10/27/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Emory HR | Judge: JV Reed
---Carbon Capture Storage defines ‘energy crisis’ as a threat to abstract structures of capital rather than a serious consideration of the fossil fuel consumption and the material structure that arises because of it.
Rahi 2010
George, International Student at University of British Colombia, Linguistic Difficulties with “Energy,” September 22nd, http://blogs.ubc.ca/landscapesofenergy/2010/09/22/linguistic-difficulties-with-energy/
Ivan Illich’s lecture, titled “the social construction of energy”, looks back to
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) and is symptomatic of a limited view of the issues at hand.
---Focusing on CO2 is an ideological stand-in for the way energy markets have constructed society in such a way that makes global warming possible in the first place.
Swyngedouw 2011
Erik, Geography, School of Environment and Development University of Manchester, Depoliticized Environments: The End of Nature, Climate Change and the Post-Political Condition, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement (2011), 69 : pp 253-274
While the part-anthropogenic process of the accumulation of greenhouse gases is readily acknowledged
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(privatization, commodification and market exchange of, often fictitious, CO2).
---The affirmative’s view of energy as interchangeable units collapses the political by obfuscating structures of consumption. Only by withdrawing from the limited frame of energy creates the space for policy to become something other than a rigged game requiring the annihilation of the environment, poverty and exploitation of billions.
Hillyard et. al. 12
Hildyard Lohmann and Sexton 2012-Nicholas, founder and Director of The Corner House, Larry, author of the book “Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power” and works at the British NGO The Corner House, Sarah, a director of The Corner House, Energy Security For What? For Whom? The Corner House, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/energy-security-whom-what
In sum, encouraging a rational debate about “energy security” necessitates understanding what
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policymakers and social movements must ask when initiating any discussion of energy security. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: NU KM | Judge: Harrigan
---The affirmative’s preoccupation with Solar/Wind production makes energy policy a question of technical management while removing the political structure of consumption from debate. This framing requires even new localized energy systems be assimilated into structures of global inequality.
Benard and Khalilzad 1980
Cheryl, assistant professor of political science at the University of Vienna, Zalmay, counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and president of Khalilzad Associates, an international business consulting firm, Energy : no quick fix for a permanent crisis, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 36 No. 10
Early advocates of nuclear energy, for example, expected its introduction to lead to
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for commercialization on a large scale and compatible with centralization of energy generation. ---Energy production destroys tribal sovereignty, it’s a rigged game --- Success means the government can seize territory under the guise of ‘national security’ and failure means total collapse of tribal ecosystems and cultural infrastructure.
Awehali 2006
Brian, publisher and co-editor of LiP Magazine, Who Will Profit from Native Energy?, http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/25-who-will-profit-from-native-energy/
According to Theresa Rosier, Counselor to the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, “
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indebted to, the very industry currently driving the planet to its doom. three impacts---
---first, failing to challenge the political structure of global energy production and consumption causes global war.
Byrne and Toly 2006
John, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy (CEEP) and Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at the University of Delaware, Noah, research associate and Ph.D. candidate in the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy at the University of Delaware, Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse, Transforming Power: Energy, Environment and Society in Conflict, pg
Remaining modern, however, also demands an increasing commitment to override what lags
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will, in all likelihood, force further needs to militarize its operations. Second, the dialogue they promote precludes effective risk calculus in the energy market
Hildyard Lohmann and Sexton 2012
Nicholas, founder and Director of The Corner House, Larry, author of the book “Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power” and works at the British NGO The Corner House, Sarah, a director of The Corner House, Energy Security For What? For Whom? The Corner House, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/energy-security-whom-what
Clearly, like “security”, “energy” is a term that leaves out
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and continues to pose) a much greater threat of supply failure.12 ---Politicizing environmental policy is critical prerequisite to indigenous self-determination.
Dalby 2002
Simon, professor of geography and political economy at Carleton University, Environmental Security, pg. xi
The perceived refusal on the part of government bureaucrats to think hard about native activist
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the taken-for-granted premises in contemporary discussions of environmental security. ---The alternative is to repoliticize energy politics; shifting the focus from perfecting structures of oppression to debating the desirability of existing energy structures in the first place.
Swyngedouw 2009
Erik, School of Environment and Development, Manchester University, The Antinomies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a Democratic Politics of Environmental Production, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 601–620
Live Earth concerts, waving the banner of climate change and urging the world's leaders
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presence of power relations and competing interests (Dikeç, 2005: 172). |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: NU KM | Judge: Harrigan
A. Definition-Restriction means to confine energy production
Word Net 3.1
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=restriction
Noun
S:  restriction, limitation
infection to a focal area"
B. Violation-There is a distinction between removing regulations that increase cost or delay, and restrictions that deny access.
Elcock 04 (Deborah, environmental policy analyst at Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Policy and Regulatory Constraints to Natural Gas Production, http://www.ipd.anl.gov/anlpubs/2004/12/51652.pdf) A regulatory constraint
consumer costs in the long term.
C. Negative Interpretation Superior
1-Limits-The negative interpretation creates a fair limit by allowing affirmatives that increase access to energy production like opening up federal lands, offshore drilling and wind, nuclear power siting, and housing restrictions on solar panels. Their interpretation explodes the topic by allowing plans that merely reduce the cost or time involved in production. Limits are important for preserving manageable research burdens and in depth debates over the core of the topic.
2-Ground-Access restrictions lock in core negative ground over the issue of opening up areas to energy production. Their interpretation encourages smaller affirmatives that dodge the central question of increased energy production by focusing on procedural regulatory changes. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: NU KM | Judge: Harrigan
PNTR will pass---coming up before other issues
Inside Trade 11/1 (“U.S. Businesses Prepare Lame Duck Lobby Pitch On Russia MFN” http://insidetrade.com/index.php?option=com_userandview=loginandreturn=aHR0cDovL2luc2lkZXRyYWRlLmNvbS8yMDEyMTAyOTI0MTQ3MjEvV1RPLURhaWx5LU5ld3MvRGFpbHktTmV3cy91cy1idXNpbmVzc2VzLXByZXBhcmUtbGFtZS1kdWNrLWxvYmJ5LXBpdGNoLW9uLXJ1c3NpYS1tZm4vbWVudS1pZC05NDguaHRtbA==)
U.S. business lobbyists appear to be intensifying their efforts to convince Congress
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less controversial, to move after Nov. 6, these sources said. ---The plan is unpopular and divisive --- Legislative history indicates it’s overwhelmingly seen as a violation of federal trust responsibilities.
Kronk 2012
Elizabeth Ann, Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law. J.D., University of Michigan School of Law; B.S., Cornell University, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended “Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development” and the Resulting Need for Reform, Volume 29, Issue 3 Spring, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705andcontext=pelr
Whether or not the federal trust responsibility is consistent with increased tribal sovereignty or self
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such provisions would negatively impact the federal government’s responsibility to federally recognized tribes. Narrow agenda key to productive session. Empirically, Obama overreaching threatens to collapse lame-duck.
Miniter-investigative journalist-12
Leading from Behind: The Reluctant President and the Advisors Who Decide for Him p.85
After the historic defeat, Axelrod went on to teach a course called Campaign Strategy
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. Congress was exhausted and didn't want to take any more political risks.
C. Impact Failure makes Russia lashout
Milov et al 3/14/12 (Sergey Aleksashenko Political Council member, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas) Alexander Lebedev Independent businessman and politician Vladimir Milov Leader, “Democratic Choice” movement Alexey Navalny Attorney and civil activist Boris Nemtsov Co-chairman, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas), "Solidarity” movement Ilya Ponomarev State Duma member, Just Russia Party Vladimir Ryzhkov Co-chairman, People’s Freedom Party (Parnas) “Remove Russia from Jackson-Vanik!”
Removal of Russia from the provisions of the Cold War era Jackson-Vanik Amendment
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Bill 1039). It is time to remove Russia from Jackson-Vanik! Results in large-scale nuclear conflict
Israelyan 98 Victor was a Soviet ambassador, diplomat, arms control negotiator, and leading political scientist. The Washington Quarterly, Winter)
The first and by far most dangerous possibility is what I call the power scenario
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be able to stumble on, until we all fall down together." n12
1NR Impact Overview
PNTR is critical to prevent nationalist sentiment in Russia-absent repeal of Jackson-Vanik war hawks in Russia will use it to rally against the US-that leads to expansionism and aggressive posturing which makes miscalculation and war inevitable-that’s Israelyan and Milov
Russia conflict outweighs-only extinction level nuclear war
Bostrom 2 (Nick, PhD Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford University “Existential Risks :Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards” http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html)
A much greater existential risk emerged with the build-up of nuclear arsenals in
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preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century. We turn self-determination – if it is true that Native Americans are marginalized now, then in crisis scenarios like those that result from nuclear conflict and preventing a resurgence of Russian nationalism would disproportionately affect them – Nuclear testing proves PNTR solves economic recession
Griswold and Peterson 11. [Daniel, director of the Herbert A. Steifel Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute, Douglas, former research assistant @ CATO, “Trading with the Bear: Why Russia's Entry into the WTO Is in America's Interest” December 6 http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=13909]
Russia is poised to join the World Trade Organization (WTO), solidifying its transition
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calculation using comparable NAICS categories yields a figure closer to 54 percent.7 Economic decline access their epistemological considerations
Muhammad 2009
Dedrick Muhammad is the Senior Organizer and Research Associate for the Program on Inequality and the Common Good at the Institute for Policy Studies., Challenges to Native American Advancement: The Recession and Native America, First Peoples Worldwide Institute for Policy Studies November, 2009 The Program on Inequality and the Common Good
As with all people in the United States, the current economic recession has presented
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In particular, the timber industry has collapsed due to the housing crisis. Predictitions 1NR a2: politics Racist
-The counterplan makes their critique of politics is self defeating - The claim that Native American groups are excluded from politics means the evaluation of pragmatic strategies that can successfully avoid opposition to actually see implementation are of critical importance.
Dean 2009
Jodi, Professor of political science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Post-politics? No Thanks!, Future Non Stop, http://future-nonstop.org/c/b122b85eff80835dfd654453d325ba0b
Some of the aspects of the current conjuncture the depoliticization diagnosis highlights are well-
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of the claim if not to draw attention to or figure this lack? 1NR A2: NO Obama Push
People are skeptical, Obama needs power
NYT 11. [“Russia, in From the Cold” November 12 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/opinion/sunday/russia-in-from-the-cold.html]
The agreement reached Thursday is widely expected to be approved at a meeting of the
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inside the W.T.O. than if it remains outside. 1NR A2: Don’t Solve Rltns
repeal is critical to Russian relations and cooperation, now is the key time
Foust 2/21/12 ( Joshua Foust is a fellow at the American Security Project and the author of Afghanistan Journal: Selections from Registan.net. “It's Time for the U.S. to Finally Make Economic Peace With Russia” http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/02/its-time-for-the-us-to-finally-make-economic-peace-with-russia/253278/, Donnie) The real barrier to normalizing trade relations with Russia isn't economic, it's political,
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looking for new markets. It is a win-win all around. 1NR A2: Plan Pop Theres a link – Krantz says that the plan rverses trajectory of regulations – key senators want them because they believe it’s necessary to allow for federal liability even if it doesn’t do so in effect – if anything, all their arguments about corporate interests means Republicans funded by oil and gas interests will backlash against the plan and result in infighting in Congress that prevents a deal over PNTR
-Fast tracking Tribal Energy projects eliminates the time for environmental review and results in irreparable destruction to Tribal culture - Turns their sovereignty claims.
Raftery 2012
Miriam, TRIBES IMPLORE PRESIDENT OBAMA TO STOP OCOTILLO EXPRESS WIND PROJECT, SAVE CULTURAL RESOURCE SITES, March 23rd, East County Magazine, http://eastcountymagazine.org/node/9104
“A fast-track process favoring renewable energy projects without regard to all classes
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Destruction of this record is irreparable and it takes part of our lives.”
-This causes overwhelming media and public backlash to the plan.
Raftery 2012
Miriam, TRIBES IMPLORE PRESIDENT OBAMA TO STOP OCOTILLO EXPRESS WIND PROJECT, SAVE CULTURAL RESOURCE SITES, March 23rd, East County Magazine, http://eastcountymagazine.org/node/9104
The tribes warn that the fast-track approval process will lead to negative media
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projects, Pico said numerous sources including some within federal agencies have indicated. -The bill their Barrasso evidence cites is distinct from the plan - Preserved the role of the Secretary of Interior.
Voge 2012
Adam, Star-Tribune Energy Reporter, Indian energy bill, introduced by Wyoming senator, heads to Senate, http://trib.com/business/energy/indian-energy-bill-introduced-by-wyoming-senator-heads-to-senate/article_143ded55-e0c9-5296-bfed-f38ca6a26e6c.html
The bill, introduced last October by Sen. John Barrasso, R-Wyo
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groups before authorizing well-spacing programs that could affect their energy resources.
-Specifically, Barrasso advocates streamlining the Secretary of Interior’s review process; not eliminate it entirely.
Native American Legislative Update 2011
Honor the Promise, Current Legislation, http://fcnl.org/issues/nativeam/nalu_november_2011_pdf.pdf
Senator John Barrasso (WY), along with Senators Akaka, John McCain (AZ
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this legislation will enable Indian tribes to develop their energy resources more efficiently.
-The GOP no longer supports tribal self-determination - Their evidence doesn’t assume the shift towards social and away from economic conservatism.
Cornell & Kalt 2010
Stephen, Ph.D.
Director
Professor of Sociology and of Public Administration and Policy at the Native Nations Institute, P. Kalt, Ford Foundation Professor of International Political Economy at Harvard, “American Indian Self-Determination The Political Economy of a Successful Policy”, 2010, http://nni.arizona.edu/pubs/jopna-wp1_cornell&kalt.pdf
As we look to the future, there are signs of instability in the support
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S. Congress will signal an end to policies of self-determination.
-Hendricks doesn’t apply - He’s referring to the popularity of specific policy of interagency and tribal coordination and tribal access to the national electricity grid, not eliminating the secretary of interior from the process entirely.
Hendricks 2011
Bracken, is a senior fellow and Jorge Madrid is a research associate for the Energy Policy Team at the Center for American Progress, “Obama and GOP should cut red tape blocking tribe’s green energy,” 1-31-11, http://grist.org/article/2011-01-31-obama-gop-should-cut-red-tape-blocking-tribes-green-energy-2/
In recent weeks, President Obama has boldly called for a 21st-century regulatory
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long way toward jumpstarting a renewable energy renaissance in the Native American community.
1AR A2: WW - Empirically disproven by immigration reform and cap and trade
2. Only works if the plan is popular, if it isn’t it results in ideological backlash Winners lose for Obama
Ryan, 2009 (Selwyn Professor of Social Science at the Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of West Indies, Ph.D. in Political Science from Cornell, http://www.trinidadexpress.com/index.pl/article_opinion?id=161426968)
Like many, I expect much from Obama, who for the time being,
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his 15 million strong constituency in cyberspace (the latent "Obama Party"). 1NR A2: PC Not Key
Obama needs to strong arm anti-Russia republicans and capital is key to prevent Cold-War era opposition, it can’t pass without white house pressure
Stokes 11. [Bruce, international economics journalist, “An Agenda, If You Can Keep It” National Journal January 26 http://www2.nationaljournal.com/member/daily/balance-of-payments]
After years of relative quiescence, Congress actually has a trade agenda in 2011:
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on trade this year, but doing so could be an uphill slog. Studies and scholarly consensus goes neg.
Wang 10( Yuhua Wang Department of Political Science University of Michigan, he is also a member of the Wo Wang Clan, a group of poli sci profs who are also ill rappers. “Congressional Weakness, Political Capital, and the Politics of Presidential Agency Design” http://sitemaker.umich.edu/wangyh/files/presidential_agency_design_yuhua_wang.pdf Donnie)
Presidents’ popularity with the public is a resource that may influence members of Congress (
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in contrast, popular presidents are not constrained by Congress in agency design1. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: NU KM | Judge: Harrigan
The United States federal government should reinstate federal liability over tribal energy resource agreements.
Contention One --- Solvency
---You’re author concedes the counterplan is mutually exclusive and solves the case.
Kronk 2012
Elizabeth Ann, Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law. J.D., University of Michigan School of Law; B.S., Cornell University, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended “Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development” and the Resulting Need for Reform, Volume 29, Issue 3 Spring, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705andcontext=pelr
Because Congress may not accept this proposal, the article also proposes an option for
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, would encourage tribes to enter into TERAs with the Secretary of Interior.
---Only the counterplan solves --- Tribes won’t apply for TERA agreements without the reinstatement of federal liability.
Kronk 2012
Elizabeth Ann, Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law. J.D., University of Michigan School of Law; B.S., Cornell University, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended “Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development” and the Resulting Need for Reform, Volume 29, Issue 3 Spring, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705andcontext=pelr
Despite Senator Campbell’s reaction to Senator Bingaman’s proposed amendment, a review of the legislative history related to this provision suggests that the majority of the commentators were concerned that the waiver of the federal government’s liability contained in the then-pending TERA provisions amounted to an abrogation of the federal government’s trust responsibility to federally recognized tribes. This concern, like the issues previously examined, has likely contributed to tribes’ unwillingness to enter into a TERA.
Contention Two --- Corporate Exploitation
---Expanding TERA provisions without federal liability increases corporate exploitation.
Kronk 2012
Elizabeth Ann, Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law. J.D., University of Michigan School of Law; B.S., Cornell University, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended “Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development” and the Resulting Need for Reform, Volume 29, Issue 3 Spring, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705andcontext=pelr
As an alternative, a second recommendation for reforming the existing TERA provisions would call
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, which envisions the federal government maintaining a significant role in Indian country.
---Turns Case --- Perception of corporate exploitation deters participation in TERA agreements and destroys self-determination.
Shirley 2003
Joe, President, Navajo Nation, to Sen. Ben Nighthorse Campbell, Cited in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended “Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development” and the Resulting Need for Reform, Volume 29, Issue 3 Spring, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705andcontext=pelr
This waiver could actually undermine the concept of tribal self determination by making it clear
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long. Accordingly, why would any tribe want to “opt in”? |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: UDT | Judge: **Epstein 2009 ** Alex, founder and director of the Center for Industrial Progress, Energy at the Speed of Thought: The Original Alternative Energy Market, TOS Vol. 4, No. 2. What is the solution? We just need the right government "energy plan," AND something truly spectacular: energy at the speed of 21st-century thought. **Romar 2008 ** Edward J., Lecturer with honors at Boston College of Management, Noble Markets: The Noble/Slave Ethic in Hayek~’s Free Market Capitalism, Journal of Business Ethics, DOI 10.1007/s10551-008-9748-6 The slave revolt in morality begins when ressentiment itself becomes creative and gives birth to AND ; one must take the risk and not wallow in self-pity. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: UDT | Judge: Malsin Moczulski Strauss **The Hill 3/25 **(Justin Sink and Meghashyam Mali, "Obama: ~’The time has come~’ to move immigration reform in Congress," http://thehill.com/video/administration/290129-obama-the-time-has-come-to-move-immigration-reform) Obama said he expects debate on an immigration bill to "begin next month" AND Everyone pretty much knows what~’s broken, everyone knows how to fix it." **DOD smrs drain capital ** **Bencosme 12** (Francisco, is a Joseph S. Nye, Jr. External Relations Intern at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS). "The State of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors" http://www.cnas.org/blogs/naturalsecurity/2012/11/state-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.html) Some have argued that the Department of Defense (DOD) would be a unique AND SMRs are poised to play a large role in any nuclear energy future. **Shifter 12/27** Michael is the President of Inter-American Dialogue. "Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?" 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32%26pubID=3186 Not surprisingly, Obama has been explicit that reforming the US~’s shameful and broken immigration AND some arms, even in his own party. Resistance will not disappear. **Farrell **12/13/12 (Chris, a contributing editor for Bloomberg Businessweek. From 1986-97, he was on the magazine~’s staff, as a corporate finance staff and department editor and then as an economics editor. Farrell wrote Right on the Money: Taking Control of Your Personal Finances and Deflation: What Happens When Prices Fall? Among Farrell~’s many awards are a National Magazine Award, two Loeb Awards, and the Edward R. Murrow Award. Farrell is a graduate of the London School of Economics and Stanford University. "Obama~’s Next Act: Immigration Reform" ~http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-12-13/obamas-next-act-immigration-reform-http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-12-13/obamas-next-act-immigration-reform) Washington won~’t get much of a reprieve from verbal pyrotechnics once the drama of the AND legality offers Washington a rare twofer: a just move that~’s economically efficient. Nuclear war Harris and Burrows 09 PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) %26 member of the NIC~’s Long Range Analysis Unit Mathew, and Jennifer "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" ~http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: UDT LV | Judge: Malsin Moczulski Strauss
Economic decline results in hegemonic instability, counterbalancing, rogue state proliferation, miscalculation, and diversionary conflict that ends in nuclear war and extinction – that’s Harris and Borroughs – we turn their proliferation scenarios – decline results in military Keynesianism that encourages investment in the military and nuclear arsenal. Economic integration prevents their impacts from escalating
Griswold, 7 (Daniel, director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies, 4/20/2007, Trade, Democracy and Peace, HYPERLINK "http://www.freetrade.org/node/681-http://www.freetrade.org/node/681" http://www.freetrade.org/node/681-http://www.freetrade.org/node/681)
A little-noticed headline on an Associated Press story a while back reported, "War declining worldwide, studies say." In 2006, a survey by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the number of armed conflicts around the world has been in decline for the past half-century. Since the early 1990s, ongoing conflicts have dropped from 33 to 17, with all of them now civil conflicts within countries. The Institute’s latest report found that 2005 marked the second year in a row that no two nations were at war with one another. What a remarkable and wonderful fact. The death toll from war has also been falling. According to the Associated Press report, "The number killed in battle has fallen to its lowest point in the post-World War II period, dipping below 20,000 a year by one measure. Peacemaking missions, meanwhile, are growing in number." Current estimates of people killed by war are down sharply from annual tolls ranging from 40,000 to 100,000 in the 1990s, and from a peak of 700,000 in 1951 during the Korean War. Many causes lie behind the good news—the end of the Cold War and the spread of democracy, among them—but expanding trade and globalization appear to be playing a major role in promoting world peace. Far from stoking a "World on Fire," as one misguided American author argued in a forgettable book, growing commercial ties between nations have had a dampening effect on armed conflict and war. I would argue that free trade and globalization have promoted peace in three main ways. First, as I argued a moment ago, trade and globalization have reinforced the trend toward democracy, and democracies tend not to pick fights with each other. Thanks in part to globalization, almost two thirds of the world’s countries today are democracies—a record high. Some studies have cast doubt on the idea that democracies are less likely to fight wars. While it’s true that democracies rarely if ever war with each other, it is not such a rare occurrence for democracies to engage in wars with non-democracies. We can still hope that as more countries turn to democracy, there will be fewer provocations for war by non-democracies. A second and even more potent way that trade has promoted peace is by promoting more economic integration. As national economies become more intertwined with each other, those nations have more to lose should war break out. War in a globalized world not only means human casualties and bigger government, but also ruptured trade and investment ties that impose lasting damage on the economy. In short, globalization has dramatically raised the economic cost of war. And, these wars cause extinction
Daguzan 10 (Citing Jean Francois, PhD and Senior Research Fellow at the Foundation for Strategic Research, "Economic crisis threatens existence of human beings" November 26, 2010, Right Vision News, pg online @ lexisnexis)
The financial and economic crisis being faced by the world is in fact a human
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big, but not enough to become the lone competitor of the west. High skilled workforce is a prerequisite to the aff – we solve it
D’Ambrosio and O’Brien 9 (Peter D’Ambrosio Partner, Winston %26 Strawn LLP Washington, D.C. and Kevin O’Brien Partner, Howrey LLP Washington, D.C."NUCLEAR POWER PROJECTS - NEW RISKS REQUIRE NEW APPROACHES," http://www.winston.com/siteFiles/Publications/Nuclear_Power_Projects_D~’Ambrosio_Article.pdf)
With virtually no nuclear power plant construction in the United States since the early 1990s
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, as delays, back-orders and bottlenecks are sure to ensue. CIR will pass—-compromises are working but there are still holdouts
Reuters 3/24 (Thomas Ferraro, staff writer @ Reuters, "How the US Congress is working to reform immigration laws," http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/300743/news/world/how-the-us-congress-is-working-to-reform-immigration-laws)
In a U.S. Congress riven by partisan conflict on deficits and guns
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we have an effective control of the border and it is not amnesty." CIR will pass, democrats unified, opponents cooled off, lobby negotiations, GOP support, grass roots push—-but things can still fall apart
Khimm 3/19 (Suzy Khimm, reporter, covers the budget, economic policy, and financial regulatory reform. Before coming to Washington, she was based in Brazil and Southeast Asia, where she wrote for the Economist, Wall Street Journal Asia, Slate, and the Christian Science Monito"Five reasons why immigration reform is moving forward," http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/19/five-reasons-why-immigration-reform-is-moving-forward/)
If you want to feel even modestly hopeful about Washington, don’t look at the
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don’t like what this says about the country,’" says Giovagnoli.
Obama has surging political capital
The Inquisitr 1/30 ("Obama’s More Popular Than Ever, Even If Everything Else Is Awful ~Poll~" http://www.inquisitr.com/502313/obamas-more-popular-than-ever-even-if-everything-else-is-awful-poll/)
President Obama recently enjoyed a surge in popularity that he hasn’t experienced since his first
AND
him to solidify support among Republicans and conservative Democrats in his second term. Immigration first—-congress has moved on from fiscal fights
WSJ 3/24 (Wall Street Journal, writer by Janet Hook, staff writer. "Congress Set to Alter Focus After Passing Two Budgets," http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323466204578380820319800066.html)
After the Senate passed its budget this weekend, Congress is expected to pivot to
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week passed nonbinding budget blueprints that laid out the parties’ competing fiscal priorities. NO one cares about gun control anymore—-all about immigration
Roll Call 3/22 ("Can Schumer Deliver on Immigration and Guns?" http://www.rollcall.com/news/can_schumer_deliver_on_immigration_and_guns-223392-1.html?pg=2)
It is much less likely at this point that anything gets done on gun control
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the immigration effort that is most important for all stakeholders, including Schumer.
Political capital is key to the agenda and finite for Obama in the second term, he can’t do a replay of his first term
Schultz 1/22/13 (David Schultz is a professor at Hamline University School of Business, where he teaches classes on privatization and public, private and nonprofit partnerships. He is the editor of the Journal of Public Affairs Education (JPAE) "Obama’s dwindling prospects in a second term" http://www.minnpost.com/community-voices/2013/01/obamas-dwindling-prospects-second-term)
Presidential power also is a finite and generally decreasing product. The first hundred days
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next four years – but the window is small and will rapidly close. Winners win is empirically denied—-opportunities come they are not created
Jackie Calmes, NYTimes, 11/12/12, In Debt Talks, Obama Is Ready to Go Beyond Beltway, mobile.nytimes.com/2012/11/12/us/politics/legacy-at-stake-obama-plans-broader-push-for-budget-deal.xml
That story line, stoked by Republicans but shared by some Democrats, holds that
AND
, when the opposition typically takes seats from the president’s party in Congress. Can’t win with energy
Harder 2/7 (Amy, is a National Journal Energy Policy Analyst, "In Washington Energy and Climate Issues Get Shoved in the Closet," http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/power-play/in-washington-energy-and-climate-issues-get-shoved-in-the-closet-20130206)
A week later, one senator, Republican Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, was standing at the podium in the same room to unveil her energy-policy blueprint. There were several open seats and just a few cameras. At least one reporter was there to ask the senator about her position on President Obama’s choice for Defense secretary, former Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel.
"I’m doing energy right now," Murkowski responded. "I’m focused on that."
Almost everyone else on Capitol Hill is focused on something else. Aside from the broad fiscal issues, Congress and the president are galvanizing around immigration reform.
Four years ago, the White House prioritized health care reform above comprehensive climate-change legislation. The former will go down in history as one of Obama’s most significant accomplishments. The latter is in the perpetual position of second fiddle. "To everything," Murkowski interjected fervently when asked by National Journal Daily whether energy and climate policy was second to other policies in Washington’s pecking order.
Murkowski, ranking member of the Senate’s Energy and Natural Resources Committee, said she hoped the Super Bowl blackout would help the public understand the importance of energy policy.
"This issue of immigration: Why are we all focused on that? Well, it’s because the Republicans lost the election because in part we did not have the Hispanic community behind us," Murkowski said this week. "What is it that brings about that motivation? Maybe it could be something like a gap in the Super Bowl causes the focus on energy that we need to have. I can only hope."
It will take more than hope. Elections have consequences, but so far the only kind of electoral consequence climate and energy policy has instigated is one that helped some lawmakers who supported cap-and-trade legislation to lose their seats in the 2010 midterm elections. For the pendulum to swing the other way—for lawmakers to lose their seats over not acting on climate and energy policy—seems almost unfathomable right now.
Billions of dollars are invested in the fossil-fuel power plants, refineries, and pipelines that the country depends on today. The companies that own this infrastructure have a business interest in keeping things the way they are. Immigration reform doesn’t face such formidable interests invested in the status quo.
"They ~businesses~ have employees—real, visible people—who they value and who they want to make legal as soon as possible," said Chris Miller, who until earlier this year was the top energy and environment adviser to Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev.
On energy and climate-change policy, Miller added, "You’re probably never going to have anything like the fence in the Southwest or the border-control issue that pushes action and debate on immigration, because climate-change impacts will likely continue to be more abstract in the public’s mind until those impacts are so crystal-clear it’s too late for us to do anything."
Another, tactical reason helps build momentum on immigration and not on other issues. Obama can capitalize on immigration as it becomes more of a wedge issue within the GOP. On energy and climate policy, Obama faces a unified Republican Party.
"The president has cracked the code on how to push his agenda items through
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a big win on immigration reform while striking a political blow to Republicans."
While Obama maneuvers for a big legislative win on immigration, he’s moving on a parallel track toward another win on climate change through Environmental Protection Agency rules controlling greenhouse-gas emissions, which don’t require congressional approval. Fresh off a strong reelection victory, Obama has more freedom to move unilaterally with EPA.
"He doesn’t have to expend political capital or ask Democrats to extend their necks on this issue," said Kevin Book, an energy analyst at the Washington-based consulting firm ClearView Energy Partners. "He already won. He can control the issue and move as fast or slow as he wants."
The EPA action will only further polarize efforts, such as those by Murkowski on the Senate Energy panel, to move through Congress smaller bits of energy and environmental policy.
At that point, this second fiddle might not even be in the band.
The plan is politically nuclear
Fairley 10 Peter, IEEE Spectrum, May, "Downsizing Nuclear Power Plants," spectrum.ieee.org/energy/nuclear/downsizing-nuclear-power-plants/0
However, there are political objections to SMRs. Precisely because they are more affordable
AND
today’s reactors. But, politically at least, they’re just as nuclear. Huge public opposition
U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration 12 ("The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors" http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf)
One additional obstacle is beyond the scope of this report but could play a significant
AND
features of SMRs and nuclear reactors in general could also ameliorate this concern. Public is key
Sam Youngman, The Hill, 07/27/09, Analysis: July has been disaster for Obama, Hill Dems, http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/analysis-july-has-been-disaster-for-obama-hill-dems-2009-07-27.html
Paul Light, an expert on the presidency and a professor at New York University
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"He needs to take this over and own it," Light said. Nuclear power faces strong political opposition – this assumes nuclear industry push
JISEA 12 (The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Colorado-Boulder, the Colorado School of Mines, the Colorado State University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Stanford University. "Nuclear and Renewable Energy Synergies Workshop: Report of Proceedings" http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/52256.pdf)
In practice, such systems face several practical institutional/jurisdictional, technical, and
AND
trail blazer, could place hybrid systems beyond the point of economic feasibility. Nuclear power is a political deadweight—-drains capital
Levine 12 (Greg, "Obama Drops Nuclear Energy from Convention Speech" http://my.firedoglake.com/gregglevine/2012/09/07/obama-drops-nuclear-energy-from-convention-speech/)
President Obama no longer promises to "safely harness nuclear power"–that likely would
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second shot at casting for the future, nuclear power is political deadweight. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: UDT LV | Judge: Malsin Moczulski Strauss Sims 12 (Doug, is the NRDC’s Energy Project Finance Specialist, "Clean Energy Finance 3.0 - The Rise of the State Green Banks," http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dsims/clean_energy_finance_30_-_the.html)
Informed by OPIC and Ex-Im Bank and constituted along the lines described in
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creating jobs for American workers, protecting our health and safeguarding the planet. Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota and Wisconsin all currently have legislation pending to overturn state moratoria on the construction of new nuclear plants—-Maryland Georgia and Kentucky fund plants now, proves the federal government is unnessecaryThorton 12 (Deborah D. Thornton research analyst Institute Brief, Public Interest Institute "Iowa (and Bill Gates) could lead the way" http://www.dailyiowan.com/2012/05/09/Opinions/28357.html)
Nuclear energy has been in the news more this year in Iowa, as a
AND
viability of wind and solar power because of problems with reliability and storage. Harrison 10 (David, staff writer @ Pew Center for the States, "Nuclear Power Makes a Quiet Comeback in the States," http://www.pewstates.org/projects/stateline/headlines/nuclear-power-makes-a-quiet-comeback-in-the-states-85899377873)
Lobbyists for the nuclear-power industry have deployed to state capitols to try to
AND
pay for expensive projects that might never come to fruition. Advocates counter that
paying for the plants upfront lowers interest payments in the long run. Northey 3/18/13 (Hannah Northey, E%26E reporter "Jaczko blasts politics, nuclear industry’s influence on agency," http://www.eenews.net/Greenwire/2013/03/18/5)
The former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission who resigned last year amid infighting over
AND
private sector and "are very open with the industry," he said. OSU 13 (Oregon State University, "CONSTRUCTION BEGINS ON TEST FACILITY FOR NEW NUCLEAR ENERGY CONCEPT," http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2013/feb/construction-begins-test-facility-new-nuclear-energy-concept)
Construction has begun at Oregon State University on a %244.8 million facility
AND
temperature nuclear reactors becoming a major player in energy production around the world." Contries don’t care about nuclear primacy at all-the plan just whitens the paper tigers teeth
Bin 6 (Li Bin, a Chinese physicist, works on arms control and international security. He is the Director of the Arms Control Program and Professor of the Institute of International Studies, Tsinghua University . His current research includes missile defense, the implication of arms control for China, and technical measures for transparency in arms control. "Paper Tiger with Whitened Teeth" http://www.wsichina.org/cs4_5.pdf Donnie)
Lieber and Press seem to suggest that the United States has some new kind of
AND
S. nuclear primacy has a strong negative effect on controlling nuclear escalation.
There are two kinds of coercive power that might be new and relevant to China
AND
bind them from acting on their nuclear threats in such a conventional conflict.
The second possible new form of coercive power is nuclear compellence, which in this
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for compellence over China’s interests and behavior with regard to the Taiwan issue.
Press and Lieber expect that U.S. nuclear primacy would provide it a
AND
, we might still avoid the reemergence of the Cold War’s worst nightmare scenarios a.) Chaing intentions: you can’t always do it, high risk people remain fearless, Mao and Castro prove
Brown and Arnold 10 (Andrew Brown is an Associate, Project on Managing the Atom and Lorna Arnold is a historian who has written a number of books connected with the British nuclear weapons programmes. "The Quirks of Nuclear Deterrence" http://live.belfercenter.org/files/The-Quirks-of-Nuclear-Deterrence.pdf-http://live.belfercenter.org/files/The-Quirks-of-Nuclear-Deterrence.pdf Donnie)
Deterrence involves changing the intentions of an opponent. There is a tendency to assume
AND
’because most of the people you kill would be innocent civilians’. 5 b.)Heated Emotions: Humans are not rational 100 per cent of the time, all ther needs to be is one slip up and that is highly likely
Kreiger 2k (David Krieger is President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. "THE IRRATIONALITY OF DETERRENCE: A MODERN ZEN KOAN" http://abolishnukes.com/short_essays/irrational_deter_krieger.html-http://abolishnukes.com/short_essays/irrational_deter_krieger.html Donnie)
Even more detrimental to the theory of deterrence is irrationality. Can anyone seriously believe
AND
a nuclear-armed Hitler in his bunker? So much for deterrence. c.) Communicaton failiure: miscalc is inevitable which snowballs
Krieger 11 ( David Krieger is President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. "Ten Serious Flaws in Nuclear Deterrence Theory" http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/db_article.php?article_id=206-http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/db_article.php?article_id=206 Donnie)
3. It requires effective communications. In effect, nuclear deterrence is a
AND
to a potential adversary. There is much room for error and misunderstanding. d.) Falsifiable: Your argument is a false positive, it can’t be proven
Krieger 11 ( David Krieger is President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. "Ten Serious Flaws in Nuclear Deterrence Theory" http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/db_article.php?article_id=206-http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/db_article.php?article_id=206 Donnie) - It is only a theory. It is not proven and cannot be
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false positive, which imbues nuclear deterrence with a false sense of efficacy.
|
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: UDT LV | Judge:
Turn soft power – Chinese nuclear exports key to soft power
Blank-prof strategic studies institute, Army War College-6/16/10
China puts down marker in nuclear power racehttp://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/LF16Cb01.html-http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/LF16Cb01.html Therefore, China’s recent nuclear exports to Pakistan and the future of its nuclear exports
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that China deems as essential to the pursuit of its larger strategic goals. Chinese soft power solves US/China War
Shuli 13 (Hu Shuli is editor-in-chief of Caixin Media Company, editor-in-chief of the weekly magazine Century Weekly, executive editor-in-chief of the monthly journal China Reform and dean of the School of Communication and Design at Sun Yat-sen University. "A Sino-US relationship that competes on values," http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1139455/sino-us-relationship-competes-values)
A new phase of Sino-American relations is poised to begin, now that
AND
in place, Chinese diplomacy will have found a new lease of life. Nuclear war
Gross December 2012 (Donald Gross, a Pacific Forum CSIS Senior Associate, is a former White House and State Department official whose new book, The China Fallacy: How the U.S. Can Benefit from China’s Rise and Avoid Another Cold War, was published in October by Bloomsbury.
Now is the time to rethink America’s policy toward China. The United States can
AND
. agricultural products, has helped America’s recovery from the global financial crisis. Turn Asia -
China will undercut US leadership on non-proliferation now – plan reverses the trend
Cunningham-Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate, American Security Project-10/12
Small Modular Reactors: A Possible Path Forward for Nuclear Power
http://americansecurityproject.org/ASP%20Reports/Ref%200087%20-%20Small%20Modular%20Reactors.pdf-http://americansecurityproject.org/ASP Reports/Ref 0087 - Small Modular Reactors.pdf Not only does the U.S. "export" high safety standards in
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will better position the U.S. to lead on this issue. Chinese leadership on nuclear exports is key to Asian modeling – turns proliferation and meltdowns
Lieggi-Monterey Institute’s Center for Nonproliferation Studies-10
From Proliferator to Model Citizen? Strategic Studies Quarterly
http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2010/summer/lieggi.pdf-http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2010/summer/lieggi.pdf
The extent to which China assisted weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missile
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in the region to selectively emulate when strengthening their own export control systems. Turn Coal –
US coal exports to China low now - downward pressure reverses this
Bryan Walsh 12, Senior Editor at TIME, May 31, 2012, "Drawing Battle Lines Over American Coal Exports to Asia," online: http://science.time.com/2012/05/31/drawing-battle-lines-over-american-coal-exports-to-asia/
But across the Pacific Ocean, the demand for coal has never been hotter,
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coal at home, it would have a reason to keep mining it. SMRS retire US coal plants
Marcus King et al 11, Associate Director of Research, Associate Research Professor of International Affairs, Elliot School of International Affairs, The George Washington University, et al., March 2011, "Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations," http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf
SMRs have potential advantages over larger plants because they provide owners more flexibility in financing
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~3~. SMRs would be a viable replacement option for these plants. US exports lock in Chinese coal and result in massive warming
Thomas M. Power 12, Research Professor and Professor Emeritus, Department of Economics, University of Montana; Principal, Power Consulting; February 2012, "The Greenhouse Gas Impact of Exporting Coal from the West Coast: An Economic Analysis," http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/Coal-Power-White-Paper.pdf-http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/Coal-Power-White-Paper.pdf
The cumulative impact of these coal port proposals on coal consumption in Asia could be much larger than even that implied by the two pending proposals. If Arch, Peabody, and other western U.S. coal producers’ projections of the competitiveness of western coal in Asia are correct, facilitating the opening of the development of West Coast coal ports could have a very large impact on the supply of coal to China and the rest of Asia.
6.4 The Long-term Implications of Fueling Additional Coal-Fired Electric Generation
Although the economic life of coal-fired generators is often given as 30 or
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commitments to more coal being burned for a half-century going forward.
That time-frame is very important. During exactly this time frame, the
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emissions that will also last well into the next half-century. 57 Coal destroys Chinese economic collapse and political stability
Schneider 11 (Keith, senior editor for Circle of Blue-a nonprofit focusing on resource shortages founded in 2000, Choke Point: China—Confronting Water Scarcity and Energy Demand in the World’s Largest Country, Feb 15, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/choke-point-china%E2%80%94confronting-water-scarcity-and-energy-demand-in-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-country/)
By any measure, conventional and otherwise, China’s tireless advance to international economic prominence
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rising incomes and improving opportunities, is at risk, say some authorities.
Nuclear war
Newmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY "ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION" APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
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the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China. China nuclear exports are safe
Blackman 13 (Sarah Blackman is an online reporter working across NRI Digital’s websites, BA honors in Journalism at the University of Central Lancashire, "China’s nuclear roll-out: learning from Fukushima" http://www.power-technology.com/features/featurechina-nuclear-fukushima-japan)
The main lesson China has learned from the Fukushima disaster is that it will need
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ability to build these plants both on schedule and budget," adds Hess. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: UDT LV | Judge:
~%231 threat to deterrence is the inevitable cut to the US nuclear weapons arsenal- their author
Bender, their author, 10 National Security Correspondent, Former Washington Bureau Chief at Boston Globe (Bryan Bender, Jane’s Defense Weekly, 3 April 2010, "Alarm Over Shortage of Nuclear Experts," http://www-ners.engin.umich.edu/news_archive/20100625140822mlr)
Still, it is the erosion of expertise in US nuclear weapons complex — which
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for helping countries secure their bomb-making material from theft by terrorists. Alt cause- current wave of nuclear power retirement
Bender 10 National Security Correspondent, Former Washington Bureau Chief at Boston Globe (Bryan Bender, Jane’s Defense Weekly, 3 April 2010, "Alarm Over Shortage of Nuclear Experts," http://www-ners.engin.umich.edu/news_archive/20100625140822mlr)
The National Energy Institute, a policy group supported by the nuclear industry, estimates
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hundreds of additional nuclear scientists and engineers each year to fill the gap. Non-unique and alt causes in the status quo – your author
Bender 10 National Security Correspondent, Former Washington Bureau Chief at Boston Globe (Bryan Bender, Jane’s Defense Weekly, 3 April 2010, "Alarm Over Shortage of Nuclear Experts," http://www-ners.engin.umich.edu/news_archive/20100625140822mlr)
"Many of these skills and facilities cannot be found in universities, other government laboratories, or in the US industry today,’’ the American Physical Society concluded last month. A key element in recruiting a new generation of weapons scientists, officials said, will be debunking the perception that the career field is primarily about building bigger and better weapons of mass destruction. "We spend most of our time making sure things don’t explode,’’ D’Agostino said. Verification reduces confidence
Bender 10 National Security Correspondent, Former Washington Bureau Chief at Boston Globe (Bryan Bender, Jane’s Defense Weekly, 3 April 2010, "Alarm Over Shortage of Nuclear Experts," http://www-ners.engin.umich.edu/news_archive/20100625140822mlr)
U.S. experience shows that, even with full access and disclosure, it is often difficult to accurately account for all materials produced. This fact will need to be taken into account to ensure that a procedure designed to increase confidence does not inadvertently reduce it. One goal might be to have various states provide national data in order to establish an acceptable international range for "Material Unaccounted For." Nuclear verification fails – records not identified in the status quo
Evans and Kawaguchi, ’9 co-chairs of the INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT (Gareth Evans and Yoriko Kawaguchi, 2009, "Eliminating Nuclear Threats: A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers," http://www.icnnd.org/reference/reports/ent/part-iv-17.html)//CC
Nuclear archaeology. As multilateral nuclear disarmament progresses, at some point it will be
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mutual interest in ensuring that future verification is able to provide credible results. High demand and job openings ensures scientists pick the nuclear field
Susie Hay (consultant at shortwork, which designs projects linking people and communities, including the Footprints programme for the National Decommissioning Agency (NDA)) and Michael Kelk (communications officer with the NDA) 2009 "Working in physics: A fresh look at nuclear" http://www.iop.org/careers/workinglife/articles/page_39053.html
A new industry-wide graduate scheme aims to get the next generation of nuclear
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to explore many possibilities in the industry, particularly where skill shortages exist. Nuclear intelligence fails – actionable intelligence can’t be translated into practice effectively
Sokolski, 11 ~What Nuclear Power’s Revival Will Now Require: Tightening the Rules Testimony of Henry Sokolski Executive Director The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Washington, DC, March 17, 2011 Room 2172 Rayburn House Office Building Washington, DC, http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sok031711.pdf-http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sok031711.pdf~~
Nuclear Inspections and Intelligence: What Are the Limits? This is where the idea of strengthening existing nuclear inspections and enhancing national intelligence are generally held up as nonproliferation solutions. In the case of IAEA inspections, much can be done to improve near-real time surveillance of inspected sites with remote sensors and secure communication links. Securing talented inspectors and retaining more of them would also be both possible and useful. 15. See Committee on Review of DOE’s Nuclear Energy Research and Development Program, National Research Council, ―Minority Opinion: Dissenting State of Gilinsky and Macfarlane,‖ in Review of DOE’s Nuclear Energy Research and Development Program (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2008), available at http://armscontrolcenter.org/assets/pdfs/macfarlane_gilinsky.pdf and Frank Von Hippel, ―Managing Spent Fuel in the United States: The Illogic of Reprocessing,‖ in Henry Sokolski editor, Falling Behind: International Scrutiny of the Peaceful Atom (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2008), pp. 159-221. 16. On the matter of the NPT and the right to peaceful nuclear energy, 11 Yet, simply sending money to the IAEA and increasing its authority ought not to be seen as a panacea. Most U.S. officials, for example, are extremely enthusiastic about increasing the number of state adherents to the IAEA’s latest inspection understanding, The Additional Protocol, which authorizes the IAEA to conduct more intrusive inspections than under existing safeguards agreements. The increased inspection authority that the Additional Protocol affords, though, is most commonly occasioned by a reduction in the number of routine inspections. Once a country qualifies for Additional Protocol inspections, it is argued, it should be trusted more and inspected less. This lessens IAEA inspection loads but it also reduces IAEA safeguards presence on the ground. There also are real limits on IAEA inspections. After Iran, Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Algeria, we learned that in the most dangerous cases, the IAEA cannot always meet its own timeliness nuclear detection goals. Safeguarding nuclear fuel making (e.g., enrichment, reprocessing, fuel fabrication, uranium hexafluoride production) and nuclear weapons usable fuels (highly enriched uranium, separated plutonium, mixed oxide fuel) anywhere; and large civilian nuclear facilities in hostile states (e.g., Iran and North Korea), are among these cases. In these instances, the inspected nuclear activities and materials are so close to bomb making that there is scant time even with discovery of a diversion to do much and a high likelihood that any discovery might come after the diversion if at all.17 Finally, recent research suggests that for large organizations with conflicting goals regarding the regulation of complex technologies, their mere expansion may not help and, in certain cases, could actually make matters worse. These research findings could easily apply to the IAEA, which is designed both to promote civilian nuclear applications and to restrain them to assure they stay peaceful. These two opposing IAEA functions make achieving the agency’s safeguarding mission difficult. It also makes determining how much one is ―strengthening‖ the IAEA inherently tricky.18 This, then, brings us to the utility of improving national intelligence capabilities. Since the late l980s, much has been made of what the U.S. and other states might do to ―counter‖ proliferation with trade interdictions, covert operations, passing off sensitive information to agencies like the IAEA and, if necessary, military strikes. All of these operations may be needed; all demand timely, actionable intelligence. To argue that we can depend on such operations to prevent proliferation if we only could secure more ―actionable‖ intelligence, though, would be a stretch. First, there are severe limits on how much actionable intelligence any country is comfortable sharing with allies, much less international organizations. Second, there are limits on how much information most governments, including our own, are likely to demand about states that are about to or may have already acquired nuclear weapons. In more than a few cases, getting or sharing such information becomes awkward since it can force officials to have to act in ways they may be disinclined to. This arguably was the case with Israel, Pakistan, and North Korea, where at various points, senior U.S. officials actually kept intelligence officers from inspecting or reporting more on what actually was occurring in each of these countries nuclear weapons programs. We subsequently have had to downplay the implications of nonproliferation failures in each of these cases. This suggests that our problem in preventing proliferation may not be the lack of actionable intelligence so much as a lack of demand for it in the hardest and, arguably, most important cases.19 Prolif and nuclear war wont happen – too expensive and controversial
Tepperman 09 - former Deputy Managing Ed. Foreig Affairs and Assistant Managing Ed. Newsweek (Jonathon, Newsweek, "Why Obama should Learn to Love the Bomb", 44:154, 9-7) The risk of an arms race—with, say, other Persian Gulf states
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be so disastrous, given the way that bombs tend to mellow behavior. No nuclear terrorism
Mueller 10 John Mueller is a professor of political science at Ohio State University, "Calming Our Nuclear Jitters" Issues Online in Science and Technology, Winter 2010 http://www.issues.org/26.2/mueller.html-http://www.issues.org/26.2/mueller.html
The purpose here has not been to argue that policies designed to inconvenience the atomic
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, and efforts to reduce that likelihood even further may well be justified.
At some point, however, probabilities become so low that, even for catastrophic
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with its nuclear weapons, a fully imaginable calamity that is substantially ignored.
In constructing what he calls "a case for fear," Cass Sunstein, a
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above: one in a million or one in three billion per attempt. Not enough workers to solve even with the plan
APS 8
APS (American Physical Society), Report from the APS Panel on Public Affairs Committee on Energy and Environment, June 2008, Readiness of the U.S. Nuclear Workforce for 21st Century Challenges, http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/upload/Nuclear-Readiness-Report-FINAL-2.pdf 4. The continuing, largely static, nuclear engineering workforce needs of U.
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workforce, though there is a smaller role for private industry as well. Status quo solves – incentives and university grants
DOE 8/9/11
Department of Energy Announces %2439 Million to Strengthen University-Led Nuclear Energy Research and Development
http://energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-39-million-strengthen-university-led-nuclear-energy-research-http://energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-39-million-strengthen-university-led-nuclear-energy-research Washington, D.C. – The Department of Energy today announced that it
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and Demonstration; Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation; and Transformative Research. Plants not key to nuclear primacy
Elaine M. Grossman 12, Global Security Newswire, "U.S. Warhead Upkeep to Get Top Priority if Deeper Budget Cuts are Imposed", March 8, http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/us-warhead-upkeep-get-top-priority-if-deeper-budget-cuts-are-imposed/-http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/us-warhead-upkeep-get-top-priority-if-deeper-budget-cuts-are-imposed/ The U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration would give highest priority to maintaining warheads fielded on the nation’s arsenal of ICBMs, ballistic missile submarines and bomber aircraft if automatic budget cuts affect the agency next year, the top NNSA official said on Thursday (see GSN, Feb. 17).
"If there is a reduction in this area, the thing we are going to focus on first and foremost is doing the surveillance work … on our existing stockpile ~and ensuring~ that today’s deterrent is taken care of," said Thomas D’Agostino, the agency administrator. "Then we will work with the Defense Department to understand their priorities."
The 2011 Budget Control Act mandates a roughly %24450 billion cut in defense spending over the next decade, and that amount could more than double if lawmakers do not by 2013 reverse the legislation’s call for %241.2 trillion in additional government-wide reductions.
Whether the more drastic budget "sequester" would affect NNSA programs is uncertain, D’Agostino said.
However, given how much work the agency performs on behalf of the Pentagon, NNSA officials are planning now for the possibility that their programs will be affected by any new round of significant federal budget cuts. A portion of the agency’s annual spending also comes directly from Defense Department coffers, according to the White House.
The nuclear security organization — a semiautonomous arm of the Energy Department — is working on three major projects to extend the service lives of U.S. nuclear warheads: The W-76, used on Navy Trident D-5 submarine-based ballistic missiles; the B-61, fielded on Air Force gravity bombs; and an effort to combine updates of the W-78, carried by Minuteman 3 ICBMs, and the W-88, a second weapon for Navy Trident missiles.
Under the service life extension programs, NNSA officials work with their Defense Department counterparts to refurbish or replace aging components of decades-old nuclear arms. The effort is aimed at keeping the U.S. stockpile safe and effective without nuclear explosive testing, which Washington has by policy set aside in a moratorium dating to the early 1990s.
Along with major overhauls for different weapon types, the nuclear agency also regularly checks deployed warheads to assure that they remain in working order.
A bipartisan panel of House and Senate lawmakers late last year failed to agree on
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personnel and military operations (see GSN, Nov. 15, 2011).
If a budget sequester triggers "a dramatic change in ~military~ force structure, it could impact what systems we work on," D’Agostino told reporters at a Defense Writers Group question-and-answer session.
Under a scenario in which the nuclear agency budget is reduced, D’Agostino said he would have to weigh possible delays in the three major warhead-overhaul efforts.
"We will work with the Defense Department to understand their priorities … to figure out which of these three priority projects can we defer ~or~ push back the date on, and ~decide~ what’s more important," he said.
At this time, "I don’t want to tell you what gets cut because I don’t know what" programs might be affected, D’Agostino said. "I don’t want to make any speculation that we’re going to take a %24500 million cut and therefore the last %24500 million is such-and-such. I don’t know that we would take any cut at all, frankly, in sequestration."
The NNSA budget request for fiscal 2013 calls for %2411.5 billion in funding, of which %247.6 billion would be used to "maintain a safe, secure, and effective nuclear deterrent." The nuclear deterrent funds constitute a 5 percent hike from current spending levels but %24372 million less than the administration had projected in 2010. The next budget year begins on Oct. 1.
The NNSA administrator said lawmakers have not yet weighed in on their priorities for his agency should a budget sequester materialize. However, he made clear that he could not accept any change in what he believes to be his most important national security responsibilities.
"We feel very strongly that the No. 1 priority is taking care of
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maybe in depot facilities around the country" remains sound, he said.
"That’s No. 1 because that’s the material … that’s out there with the Defense Department," D’Agostino added. "So safety of that stockpile is paramount. And the only way we’re assured safety of it is to constantly surveil it and watch it." nuclear primacy effective now
Spies 11 (Stephanie Spies is a research intern for the Project on Nuclear Issues. "Nuclear Triad: To Cut or Not To Cut?" http://csis.org/blog/nuclear-triad-cut-or-not-cut)
While ICBMs may be effective for deterring an enemy first strike, the likelihood that
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if the U.S. is to maintain an effective nuclear triad. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: UDT LV | Judge: Kadak-Prof Nuclear Science, MIT-6
http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/papers1_files/Made%20in%20China.pdf-http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/papers1_files/Made in China.pdf
Nuclear Power: "Made in China"
Summary China is emerging not only as a super economic power but also as the
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may, in the future, be buying reactors "Made in China"
No, they’ll export new tech ====
Froggatt 6/6/12
http://nuclearexportcontrols.blogspot.com/2012/06/chinese-nuclear-goes-global.html
Chinese Nuclear Goes Global In the space of a couple of decades, China has become a major player
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mining firms, the industry will be waiting anxiously for news from China. Kadak-Prof Nuclear Science, MIT-6
http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/papers1_files/Made%20in%20China.pdf-http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/papers1_files/Made in China.pdf
Nuclear Power: "Made in China" Planning for the long-term, China has also taken the lead in
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18 An artist rendering of the proposed site is shown on Figure 4. —-China taking lead on SMR technology
Buijs-Clingendael International Energy Programme-3/12
China and the Future of New Energy Technologies
http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2012/201203_ciep_paper_buijs_china_future_new_energy_technologies.pdf-http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2012/201203_ciep_paper_buijs_china_future_new_energy_technologies.pdf Finally, China is researching modular high‐temperature gas‐cooled pebbled‐bed
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in reactor technology—perhaps Kadak-Prof Nuclear Science, MIT-6
http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/papers1_files/Made%20in%20China.pdf
Nuclear Power: "Made in China" The senior management of the Guangdong Nuclear Power Company believes that much can be learned
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a nuclear safety culture that requires constant reinforcement by management to be successful. Kadak-Prof Nuclear Science, MIT-6
http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/papers1_files/Made%20in%20China.pdf-http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/papers1_files/Made in China.pdf
Nuclear Power: "Made in China"
One outstanding question about China regards its safety culture and its capability of maintaining a
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electrical systems that were effectively managed by the plant staff with regulatory oversight. AND only china can influence the ASIAN marketLieggi-Monterey Institute’s Center for Nonproliferation Studies-10
From Proliferator to Model Citizen? Strategic Studies Quarterly
http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2010/summer/lieggi.pdf-http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2010/summer/lieggi.pdf
The extent to which China assisted weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missile
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in the region to selectively emulate when strengthening their own export control systems. Lieggi-Monterey Institute’s Center for Nonproliferation Studies-10
From Proliferator to Model Citizen? Strategic Studies Quarterly
http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2010/summer/lieggi.pdf-http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2010/summer/lieggi.pdf
Similar to China’s pre-2002 export controls, many countries in Southeast
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helped wear down some of the resistance in the region to this resolution. China is the only country that has leverage with North Korea, Iran and Pakistan—-those are the only states that pose legitimate proliferation threatsMoss 12 (Trefor, an independent journalist based in Hong Kong, writes about Asian geopolitics for the Diplomat, "China’s Nuclear Influence," http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/03/27/china%E2%80%99s-nuclear-influence/)
A more flamboyant Chinese leader might have said this: that when it comes to
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useful to be able to get these undesirables to pick up the phone. The perception of slowdown risks Chinese lashout in asia and the middle eastNewmeyer 09 DR. JACQUELINE NEWMYER - LONG TERM STRATEGY GROUP- THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL POLICY "ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPACT ON CHINESE MILITARY MODERNIZATION" APRIL 8, 2009, http://cnponline.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/12503
So I think either way, either because of the insecurity that is stoked
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the downturn would lead to a greater chance of conflict abroad for China. Friedberg 2011
(July/August, Aaron L., professor of politics and international affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Hegemony with Chinese Characteristics, The National Interest, lexis)
Such fears of aggression are heightened by an awareness that anxiety over a lack of
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are less likely to take extreme risks to retain their hold on power. ===Econ Collapse Bad—-Loose Nukes === Yee and Storey 2002
Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002 The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality, RoutledgeCurzon, pg 5
The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of
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disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world. ===Econ Collapse bad—-Proxy conflict === Causes world war III—-resource/land battlesPlate 03
~Tom, Professor at UCLA, The Straights Times, "Neo-cons a bigger risk to Bush than Chin," 6-28-2003~
But imagine a China disintegrating- on its own, without neo-conservative or
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economic growth – the very direction the White House now seems to prefer. ===Chinese decline turns heg === YEE AND STOREY 2002
– PROF IR @ HONG KONG U AND DEAKIN U- THE CHINA THREAT: PERCEPTIONS, MYTHS, AND REALITY, PAGE 59
American influence over internal outcomes in China, though far from decisive, could nonetheless
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to pursue accommodation with its neighbours, much less with the United States. Orszag 13 (Peter Orszag is vice chairman of corporate and investment banking at Citigroup Inc. and a former director of the Office of Management and Budget in the Obama administration."In China, Slowdown Is a Bigger Danger Than Growth" http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-15/in-china-slowdown-is-a-bigger-danger-than-growth.html)
What would be the consequences if China falls into the trap? According to Yasheng
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dangerous — possibility than many in the U.S. may realize. Uniqueness is goldilocks—-U.S. coal demand will grow slowly now—-but declines cause a shift to production for export marketsAnthony Fensom 10-23, experienced business writer and communication consultant with more than a decade’s experience in the financial and media industries of Australia and Asia, 10/23/12, "Don’t Write the Obituary Just Yet: ’King Coal’ Still Reigns," The Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/pacific-money/2012/10/23/despite-short-term-pain-king-coal-still-reigns/
Yet despite softer demand, strong production rates in Australia, Indonesia and the United States along with the emerging coal producer of Mongolia have lifted supply. Broker UBS expects top-grade thermal coal prices to drop from U.S.%24105-110 per ton in 2012 to US%2490 per ton in 2015/16, with coking coal prices also to decline.
As the world’s largest exporter of coking coal and second-largest exporter of thermal coal, Australia’s industry has suffered disproportionately from the slowdown, with low prices and high costs sparking a wave of layoffs.
Among recent retrenchments, Xstrata Coal has cut 600 jobs, Ensham 350 and BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA) 300, with a number of coal projects either wound back or deferred.
Queensland’s coal industry has also been hit with increased royalties from a cash-strapped state government, prompting warnings by the Queensland Resources Council that more industry cost-cutting was likely.
Coal reporter Lou Caruana, editor of International Longwall News, told The Diplomat that additional cutbacks might be in the pipeline should prices fall further.
"Mining companies have been crunching the numbers on their operations, taking into account the lower coal prices and rising costs such as labor, transport and new government charges.
"Margins are being squeezed so mine management teams are taking a worst case scenario. If there were to be further softening of prices then you would expect further cutbacks in the future," he said.
According to Caruana, the fall in prices was attributed to both slowing growth in the eurozone and China, along with the entry of the United States and Indonesia into the coal export market.
"U.S. coal producers have sought out export markets such as China and India because their domestic market has slowed down and it has been switching to gas for power generation. Indonesia has ramped up coal production and exports of thermal coal to supply the Chinese market over the last few years," he said.
While demand in the region having lagged due to "sub-optimal" growth, new supply was still preparing to enter the market.
"For example, in Queensland there are major new projects slated for the Surat and Galilee basins, and in New South Wales ~state~ the Gunnedah basin. Added to this are the new coal mining developments in Mongolia," he said.
While Chinese officials are now forecasting a recovery, Caruana said a rebound in prices would also require a significant pick up in the U.S. economy or the eurozone.
"Once the global economic outlook stabilizes, there will be growing demand for coal as a safe and affordable power source for newly emerging economies," he said.
Despite environmental concerns, coal still accounts for 40 percent of global electricity needs and absolute consumption is expected to double over the next two decades due to demand from industrializing nations such as China and India.
"For all the talk about natural gas and renewables, coal unquestionably won the energy race in the first decade of the 21st century," reported the International Energy Association (IEA).
Should such growth continue, reports of the death of "King Coal" appear to have been greatly exaggerated, at least for now. Thomas M. Power 12, Research Professor and Professor Emeritus, Department of Economics, University of Montana; Principal, Power Consulting; February 2012, "The Greenhouse Gas Impact of Exporting Coal from the West Coast: An Economic Analysis," http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/Coal-Power-White-Paper.pdf-http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/Coal-Power-White-Paper.pdf
In evaluating the impact of coal exports on Asian coal consumption, the region will
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Helens, OR, Coos Bay, OR, and Everett, WA.
The cumulative impact of these coal port proposals on coal consumption in Asia could be much larger than even that implied by the two pending proposals. If Arch, Peabody, and other western U.S. coal producers’ projections of the competitiveness of western coal in Asia are correct, facilitating the opening of the development of West Coast coal ports could have a very large impact on the supply of coal to China and the rest of Asia. Jon Sharp 8-31, investor in natural resource, energy, diversified blue chip stocks, and bonds (not the debate coach), August 31, 2012, "New EPA Regulations Not Driving Coal Demand," Seeking Alpha, online: http://seekingalpha.com/article/839701-new-epa-regulations-not-driving-coal-demand
Other articles have mentioned exports as a possible bullish driver for coal stocks going forward. There is a question, though, about port capacity: a project of Ambre Energy Ltd, a tightly-held Australian mining company that is making a foray into coal mining and infrastructure in the US, may be instructive.
In 2010 and 2011 Ambre Energy began leasing and developing port infrastructure to handle the export of thermal coal (among other purposes). It was slow going — apparently for air permit and environmental reasons as described on their website. It is difficult to reconcile these projects with the claim that coal export capacity is abundant — if it is indeed abundant, then these ongoing port investments seem very silly.
Additionally, coal exports account for less than 10% of domestic production (domestic
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and a rapid increase in port coal export capacity: an unlikely combination. Gas prices are rising which will cause switching back to coal from gas generation—-domestic demand will spike next yearDavid Wagman 11-1, Power Magazine, 11/1/12, "Coal Burn Rebounds in the Third Quarter, but Economics Still Favor Natural Gas," http://www.powermag.com/POWERnews/Coal-Burn-Rebounds-in-the-Third-Quarter-but-Economics-Still-Favor-Natural-Gas_5091.html
Natural gas–fired generation gave up some ground to coal during the third quarter, and coal producers are optimistic that higher natural gas prices will benefit coal, especially coal sourced from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming. Even so, at least one Midwest utility expects natural gas to power what could be as much as 1,500 MW of new generating capacity it may add over the next several years.
"Overall, our generation from natural gas has increased approximately 50% year-to-date," said Brian X. Tierney, CFO of American Electric Power (AEP) during the company’s third-quarter earnings conference call last week. With the addition of the Dresden gas-fired facility to AEP’s existing Waterford and Lawrenceburg plants, the utility’s combined cycle generation in the East was up 114% for the quarter and 160% for the year-to-date period.
Tierney said that with year-to-date capacity factors for those plants approaching
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of the third quarter. The utility’s target is 35 to 40 days.
Greg Boyce, CEO of Peabody Energy, a major coal producer, told an earnings conference call that his company continues to expect a decline of approximately 120 million tons in coal use for power generation this year. "The worst of this impact has already occurred, with the U.S. down some 100 million tons, mostly from coal-to-gas switching that was front-loaded in the first half of the year," he said.
Boyce said that since last spring, natural gas prices have shown "robust" price increases. Weekly gas storage injections remain below average, and prompt gas prices are above %243.50 per million Btu, with the forward strip above %244. He called those factors "favorable" for demand for Powder River Basin and Illinois Basin coal.
Boyce said Powder River Basin plants are at 70 to 80 days’ burn, with Central Appalachia above 120 days. Peabody projects an increase in domestic coal consumption of some 40 million to 60 million tons in 2013, which Boyce said would help rebalance stockpiles to more normal levels.
John Eaves, president and CEO of Arch Coal, told his company’s earnings conference call that 2011 heating degree days were nearly 25% below normal, which "dramatically impacted" coal and gas demand. He said a near-normal winter this year could lead to a "sizable step down in coal stockpiles" and "meaningful gas-to-coal switching." The St. Louis–based company remains cautious, however, and is taking steps to manage through a "potentially challenging" 2013, he said. Chinese investments in nuclear slowing coal demandEnergy and Capital 2/5/13
Chinese Coal Consumption Surpasses Global Consumption
http://www.energyandcapital.com/articles/china-india-to-account-for-coal-demand-growth/3054
In 2012, however, as the Chinese economy dipped a bit, its increase
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3.5 percent annually after an initial period of high demand growth. Chinese coal demand and imports declining
UPI 2/11/13
Chinese coal cuts to affect Australia
http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2013/02/11/Chinese-coal-cuts-to-affect-Australia/UPI-40241360616568/
China’s projected reduction of coal consumption will have an effect on Australia, experts say
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ambassador to China, was quoted as saying by the Australian Broadcasting Corp. Chinese import demand declining-recent studies prove
FuelFix 2/8/13
http://fuelfix.com/blog/2013/02/08/u-s-coal-exports-to-china-may-be-short-lived/-http://fuelfix.com/blog/2013/02/08/u-s-coal-exports-to-china-may-be-short-lived/
U.S. coal exports to China may be short-lived
U.S. coal companies counting on China to make up for declining markets
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of standard coal equivalent in 2012 and predict a gradual decline through 2035. |
