Miller-Sears Neg

1NC Rezolutionality Traditional
Our interpretation—the affirmative should have to defend that action by the United States federal government is normatively desirable – the affirmative violates
Resolved means to enact by law
Words and Phrases 64  
Permanent Edition
Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”.
The United States federal government refers to the actual government
Black’s Law Dictionary 90
6th Ed., p. 695
In the United States, government consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches in addition to administrative agencies.  In a broader sense, includes the federal government and all its agencies and bureaus, state and county governments, and city and township governments.
Should implies obligation to action
Merriam-Webster 2
Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2002, 10th Edition, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/should
Used in auxiliary function to express obligation, propriety, or expediency.
B) Violation—the aff does not defend the United States federal government action
C) Vote Negative—
1) Without Limits debate becomes impossible—T is a jurisdictional voting issue
Shively 2k—Professor of Political Science, Texas A & M
Ruth, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 181-2
The requirements thus far are primarily negative.  The ambiguists must say “no” to—they must reject and limit
AND
on some basic agreement or harmony.

b) Without critical thinking skills developed through clash and competition we can’t effectively act on content-specific knowledge  
English et al 7
Eric English, Stephen Llano, Gordon R. Mitchell, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief & Carly Woods, all former debate coaches, “Debate as a Weapon of Mass Destruction” http://www.pitt.edu/~gordonm/JPubs/EnglishDAWG.pdf
It is our position, however, that rather than acting as a cultural technology
AND
to brand the activity as a ‘‘weapon of mass destruction."
5) Switch-side debating on the topic is uniquely important.  It allows debaters to become better advocates and increases critical thinking
Dybvig and Iverson 99
Kristin Chisholm Dybvig, and Joel O. Iverson, Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy, http://www.uvm.edu/~debate/dybvigiverson1000.html
Not all debate research appears to generate personal advocacy
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to strengthen their own stance on issues.

FIRST, RACE AND CLASS ARE DIALECTICALLY CONJOINED IN THE REPRODUCTION OF CAPITALIST RELATIONS—CAPITALISM RACIALIZES SUBJECTS TO ENTRENCH COMPETITION AND DESTROY UNIVERSAL CONSCIOUSNESS AS WELL AS SUSTAINS WHITE RACISM AS A METHOD OF PAPERING OVER CONTRADICTIONS.  ALL OF THIS IS USED TO MAINTAIN THE SYSTEM OF CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
san juan 2003
[E., Fulbright Lecturer at Univ of Leuven, “Marxism and the Race/Class Problematic: A Re-Articulation”, p. online]
It seems obvious that racism cannot be dissolved
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structures and retooled practices of domination and subordination.

FURTHER MORE, THE ABSENCE OF STRUCTURAL HISTORICISM IS NO MERE OVERSIGHT, NOR IS IT ENOUGH TO SIMPLY MENTION ECONOMICS IN A FEW OF YOUR CARDS THE RELIANCE OF INDENTY-BASED POLITICS IS NOT AN ACCIDENTAL INSTANCE OF IGNORING CLASS.  THE DEMAND ARISES OUT OF THE CRISIS OF LIBERALISM—SUCH POLITICS PARTICULARIZES THE OPPRESSIONS OF CAPITALISM TO THE POINT THAT THE UNIVERSAL SYSTEM IS NATURALIZED.  ATTAINING WHITE, MALE BOURGEOISSE PRIVILEGE BECOMES THE BENCH-MARK OF POLITICAL SUCCESS, RE-ENTRENCHING THE VERY FOUNDATION OF THE SYSTEM
BROWN 93
[Wendy, Professor and Genius, “Wounded Attachments”, Political Theory, Aug]
Although this détente between universal and particular within
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to that bound to the explicitly politicized marking.

NEXT, THE REDUCTION OF CLASS TO A NEUTRAL LEVEL AMONG A LONG LIST OF OTHER OPPRESSIONS SUCH AS RACE AND GENDER, DESTROYS THE EMANCIPATORY POTENTIAL OF CLASS TO REACH ACROSS ALL LINES OF INDENTITY AND FORGE POLITICAL ACTION.  CLASS MUST BE RECOGNIZED AS QUALITATIVELY MORE IMPORTANT—OTHERWISE THE SYSTEM IS ABLE TO SATISFY DEMANDS ON GROUNDS OF FORMAL EQUALITY, DESTROYING ATTEMPTS TO OVERCOME CAPITALIST OPPRESSION*
gimenez 2001
[Martha, Prof. Of Sociology at CU Boulder, “Marxism and Class, Gender and Race”, Race Gender and Class, Vol. 8, p. online]
There are many competing theories of race,
AND
grounded in "intersectionality" is class power.

Observation Two: Moving on up?
FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STRUCTURAL KRITIK, THERE CAN BE NO SUCH THING AS ‘MAKING THINGS BETTER’— THEIR MODEL OF POLITICS, NO MATTER HOW SUBVERSIVE OR CONSERVATIVE, ALL FUNDAMENTALLY EXAGERATE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FORMAL INSTITUTION OF POLITICS AND POWER, IGNORING THE WAYS SUCH A SYSTEM CREATES KNOWLEDGE—ONLY A MARXIST SHIFT TO KRITIK THE STRUCTURE AND CREATE MASS SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS WILL OVERCOME THIS FAILURE OF POLITICS
HARNECKER 2000
[Marta, Dir of MEPLA, Links, p. online: http://www.dsp.org.au/links/back/issue16/harnecker.html ]
To think about the construction of forces and
AND
but as something that has to be built.

NEXT, THE DETERMINISM OF CAPITAL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INSTRUMENTALIZATION OF ALL LIFE—IT IS THIS LOGIC THAT MOBILIZES AND ALLOWS FOR THE 1AC’S SCENARIOS IN THE FIRST PLACE
dyer-witherford 99
[Nick, Prof at U. of Western Ontario, Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism ]
For capitalism, the use of machines as
AND
of mastery has backfired is all too obvious.

FINALLY, THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN ETHICAL ACTION THAT STANDS OUTSIDE OF POLITICS—YOUR ETHICAL DEMAND TO COME PRIOR TO THE STRUCTURAL NEGATION OF CAPITAL IS THE LARGEST VIOLATION OF ETHICS
Meszaros 95
[Istavan, Prof. Emeritus at Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transition]p. 409-10
Politics and morality are so closely intertwined in
AND
board the painful lessons of the recent past.

OBSERVATION THREE: Put the ‘Fun’ Back in Fundamentals

Vote Negative to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC.
THIS IS NOT THE ALTERNATIVE, BUT IN TRUTH THE ONLY OPTION— METHOD IS THE FOREMOST POLITICAL QUESTION BECAUSE ONE MUST UNDERSTAND THE EXISTING SOCIAL TOTALITY BEFORE ONE CAN ACT ON IT—GROUNDING THE SITES OF POLITICAL CONTESTATION OR KNOWLEDGE OUTSIDE OF LABOR AND SURPLUS VALUE MERELY SERVE TO HUMANIZE CAPITAL AND PREVENT A TRANSITION TO A SOCIETY BEYOND OPPRESSION
tumino 2001
[Stephen, Prof English at Pitt,
AND Ever”, Red Critique, p. online]
Any effective political theory will have to do
AND
knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory.

AND NEXT, RESISTANCE TO CAPITAL MUST BE A TOTAL NEGATION OF THE SYSTEM FROM OUT-SIDE OF GOVERNMENT—WHILE SOME INSIDE POLITICAL GAINS ARE POSSIBLE, THEY ARE TRUMPED BY THE ABILITY OF THE SYSTEM TO USE REFORMS TO RESTABILIZE CAPITAL AND MARGINALIZE LABOR AS A SOCIAL ALTERNATIVE
Meszaros 95
[Istavan, Prof. Emeritus at Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transition]p. 738
Thus the role of labour’s extra-parliamentary
AND
the massive extra-parliamentary power of capital.

AND SO MUCH FOR YOUR PERMUTATION—CAPITALISM IS AN INERTIAL SYSTEM—ANY VESITAGE LEFT REMAINING BY THE PERMUTATION WILL INEVITABLY SPIN BACK UP.  LIKE A MANY-HEADED HYDRA, IT WILL REGENERATE WITH EVERY ATTEMPT THAT ATTACKS THE INSTRUMENTS AS OPPOSSED TO THE SYSTEM ITSELF*
kovel 2002
[Joel, Prof at Bard, Enemy of Nature, Zed Books]p. 142-3
The value-term that subsumes everything into
AND
concentration, expanded profitability — and greater ecodestruction.

FINALLY, METHODOLOGY IS THE FOREMOST POINT OF DEPARTURE TO ANY POLITICAL QUERY.  YOU SHOULD EVALUATE EPISTEMOLOGY FIRST BECAUSE THE WAY YOU THINK ABOUT PROBLEMS DETERMINES HOW YOU RESPOND TO THEM AND THE CONSEQUENCES THEY ENGENDER
Smith ‘96
[Steve, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, “Positivism and Beyond,” International theory: Positivism and beyond, New York: Cambridge University Press, 12-1 3]
But the stakes are also high because of
AND
at first sight seem to be the case.
 
Case

Hip Hop has failed to create any type of social movement
Brentus and Kitwana 09  
*writer for Scheme Magazine, a Black Culture information source; author, educator, journalist, political analyst, and notable figure in Hip Hop politics (*Bryan, Bakari; “Hip Hop’s Consummate Optimist” April 7, 2009; http://schememag.com/daily-news/hip-hops-consummate-optimist/)
SCHEME: Hip Hop is still battling to
AND
We continue to get beat up on that.

Wilderson’s argument for the centrality of black-as-social death is an exaggeration
BÂ 11
Dr. Saër Maty, Professor of Film – University of Portsmouth and Co-Editor – The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, “The US Decentred: From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation”, Cultural Studies Review, 17(2), September, p. 385-387
—WILDERSON’S WHITE WATCH SEES RED ON BLACK: SOME WEAKNESSES
A few pages into Red, White and
AND
its answers in tow.’ (340)
Wilderson demands an internationally focused anti-Blackness strategy
Farrow 8
Kenyon, “"Incognegro" Author Frank Wilderson, III in NYC This Week,” http://kenyonfarrow.com/2008/10/21/incognegro-author-frank-wilderson-iii-in-nyc-this-week/
This notion flies in the face of what
AND
world needs the Black position,” Wilderson said.
There is a distinction, but it’s not relevant to our arguments about material effects of racism
Rose 98 – Professor of Psychiatry and School of Social Work
Sheldon, “Group Therapy with Troubled Youth,” p. 161
This experiment demonstrates that pro-whiteness and
AND
tudes are racist because they have racist effects.

Their refusal to engage in politics dooms the alternative – leaves security discourse to be filled by traditional scholars
Gunning 07
Jeroen, Lecturer in International Politics @ Univ. of Wales, Government and Opposition 42.3, A Case for Critical Terrorism Studies?, Blackwell
Rather than simply critiquing the status quo,
AND
not been ready to cooperate with the EU.
The alternative’s failure to engage in the political process cedes the discussion to the elites- ultimately resulting in extinction
Boggs 97
(Carl, National University, Theory & Society 26, December, p. 773-4)
The decline of the public sphere in late
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interests that had vanished from civil society.75
White supremacists will spark a race war, culminating in genocide
SPLC 06
SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER, 2006 (“EXTREMISM AND THE MILITARY”,INTELLIGENCE REPORT,
HTTP://WWW.SPLCENTER.ORG/INTEL/INTELREPORT/ARTICLE.JSP?AID=629)
But today the nightmare is back. Facing
AND
and the alien races are ... hunted down."

Their focus on identity difference undercuts cosmopolitanism
Delanty 9 – Professor of Sociology @ Sussex
Gerald, “The Cosmopolitan Imagination,” Google Book
Thus to speak of diversity is to refer
AND
how can a shared public culture be possible?
The impact is extinction
Smith 3 – Professor of Political Science @ Penn
Rogers, Professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania and PhD Harvard University, “Stories Of Peoplehood, The Politics and Morals of Political Membership”, p. 166-169
It is certainly important to oppose such evolutionary
AND
William Connolly, and Jurgen Habermas all envision.