Miller-Bevens Aff

1AC Wichita State

Advantage 1: Hegemony
Heg is high but declining now – Transitioning from oil to wind power is key to sustainability and preventing conflicts
Lieber 12
Robert J. Liber is a professor of government and international affairs at Georgetown University, “America in Decline? It’s a Matter of Choices, Not Fate”, World Affairs 10-11 http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/america-decline-it%E2%80%99s-matter-choices-not-fate
The notion of American 

choices, policies, and resolve.
U.S. hegemony de-escalates all conflicts and protects US economic leadership—alternatives cause instability culminating in nuclear war
Brooks, Ikenberry and Wohlforth 13
Stephen Brooks, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, John Wohlforth, Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, Lean Forward, EBSCO
Of course, even if
The results could well be disastrous.

We control uniqueness—all forms of violence declined in the era of U.S. leadership
Fettweis 11
Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 85-86
The evidence supports the
may indeed he changing.

Scenario1: Dependency
Forward presence helps manage three conflicts: China, North Korea, and Iran- AND we are welcomed
Forbes 11
Randy Forbes is chairman of the House Armed Services Readiness Subcommittee, “Puncturing the U.S. Base Myths”, The Diplomat 12-2 http://thediplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true-http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true~
Deterring regional aggression
U.S. Nimitz-class aircraft carrier.

In a power transition the U.S. will be aggressive, belligerent and less cooperative making conflict more likely
Brzezinsky 12
Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security advisor under U.S. President Jimmy Carter, After America How does the world look in an age of U.S. decline? Dangerously unstable. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america
Not so long ago, a high
slide into global turmoil. 

U.S. decline causes war with China over Taiwan through miscalculation
Kagan 12
Robert Kagan is senior fellow at the Brookings Institution The Rise or Fall of the American Empire
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/14/the_rise_or_fall_of_the_american_empire?page=0,4
 The main point of m
Taiwan as East Asia's Sarajevo. 

Recent modernization of Chinese military makes nuclear conflict over Taiwan seem rational
Glaser 11
Charles Glaser, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. “Will China's Rise Lead to War? Why Realism Does Not Mean Pessimism”. Foreign Affairs. Mar/Apr 2011. Vol. 90, Iss. 2; pg. 80. ProQuest.
The prospects for
poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

Korean conflict goes nuclear
Ryall 12
Julian Ryall is Telegraph Correspondent in Tokyo, “North and South Korea 'on the verge of nuclear war'”, 10-2  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9580536/North-and-South-Korea-on-the-verge-of-nuclear-war.html
Pak Kil-yon, Pyongyang's
line policies towards the North.

Iran war goes global – asymmetric capabilities and proxy wars cause draw in
Cochrane 12
Paul Cochrane, Middle-East analyst based in Beirut writing for Executive Magazine, 3-1-2012, “Flirting with death,” Executive Magazine, http://www.executive-magazine.com/getarticle.php?article=15225
That said, President Barrack
incalculable,” concludes Elleman.
Oil dependence kills forward mobility and effectiveness
Schaffer 12
(Julie Schaffer, Lt. Col. USMC Reserve, 3/20/12, “Marine Corps Energy: Instilling an Ethos of Energy Efficiency” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA562025)
Indeed, the entire
death of a Marine. 22

Independently, reducing reliance on petroleum sends a global signal of future US capabilities
Parthemore and Nagl 10
Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston's Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force   Preparing the Department of Defense   for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12
A successful transition away
years and decades to come.

Scenario 2: Economic Leadership
US economic model is key to interdependence and multilateral cooperation.  The alternative is competitive mercantilism
Posen 09
Deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” http://clients.squareeye.com/uploads/foresight/documents/PN%20USA_FINAL_LR_1.pdf
In the postwar period, US
following priority measures.

Results in economic nationalism and war
Garten 09
Jeffrey Garten, professor at the Yale School of Management. “The Dangers of Turning Inward”. March 5, 2009.  Wall Street Journal. http://www.business.illinois.edu/aguilera/Teaching/WSJ09_Dangers_of_Turning_Inward.pdf
The last time we
falling back into poverty?

Protectionism unleashes multiple scenarios for global nuclear war
Panzner 09
(Michael Panzner, Prof. at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, 2009, p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United States and other nations to spew forth protectionist legislation like the notorious Smoot-
beginnings of a new world war. 

AWE solves for the military
Cahoon 11
Troy, US air force Captain, Air Force Institute of Technology, Presented to the Faculty Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering, “AIRBORNE WIND ENERGY: IMPLEMENTATION AND DESIGN FOR THE U.S. AIR FORCE,” http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a539255.pdf
Oil is the largest
bringing in fuel and energy

Advantage 2: Hydrogen Economy
Hydrogen Economy coming now
Apak et al 12
-Energy Shortage, Hydrogen Curriculum, Seoul, Automobile Fuel, h2 cars 2015 100% 2040, AFV Fuel and auto commitments, massive Investments, public awareness
Sudi Apak, Beykent University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Şişli-Ayazağa Kampüsü, 34396, İstanbul, Türkiye, Erhan Atay, Trakya University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, Güngör Tuncer, Beykent University, Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey “Renewable hydrogenenergy regulations, codes and standards: Challenges faced by an EU candidate country” International Journal of Hydrogen EnergyVolume 37, Issue 7, April 2012, Pages 5481–5497 Accessed online google scholar
All of your Alt. Hydrogen
approximately $20 million. 

Transition inevitable- just question of which energy will power it
Ohran et al 12
Mehmet F. Orhana, a Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Ibrahim Dincerb Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4 Marc A. Rosenb, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4 Mehmet Kanogluc, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey “Integrated hydrogenproduction options based on renewable and nuclear energy sources” Renewable and Sustainable Energy ReviewsVolume 16, Issue 8, October 2012, Pages 6059–6082 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112003887
Although hydrogen is usually
storage, distribution, and utilization.

A renewables based hydrogen economy is currently impractical - this ensures an economy based on carbon capture
Barbir 09
Frano, UNIDO-International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Sabri Ulker Sk. 38, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey
Hydrogen from fossil fuels “Transition to renewableenergy systems with hydrogen as an energycarrier” Energy Volume 34, Issue 3, March 2009, Pages 308–312 WESC 2006 6th World Energy System Conference Advances in Energy Studies 5th workshop on Advances, Innovation and Visions in Energy and Energy-related Environmental and Socio-Economic Issues¶ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544208001771
 Most of hydrogen is today
variety of renewable energy sources.

Yellowstone has been targeted for carbon storage.
US forest Service 12
http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r4/home?cid=STELPRDB5144831
At least a dozen projects
the Greater Yellowstone Area.

Increases in seismic disturbances trigger volcanic eruptions capable of causing extinction
Madonia 09
Paolo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 143, 90156  “WIDE SCALE TRIGGERING FOR VOLCANIC ACTIVITY OF TERRESTRIAL AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN” 5/28/09 http://www.earth-prints.org/handle/2122/5244
Volcanic activity is considered
area during the years 2002-03.

Carbon capture and storage will increase these Seismic Events
National Academy of Science 12
It’s the National academy of science brah. “Hydraulic Fracturing Poses Low Risk for Causing Earthquakes But Risks Higher for Wastewater Injection Wells” June 15th 2012 http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=13355
WASHINGTON — June 15th — Hydraulic fracturing
peer review before completion.  

AWE will lead to cheap hydrogen production, solving intermittency problems making it competitive with fossil fuels
Roberts et al 07
Bryan W. Roberts, B.E. degree (with honors) from the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, in 1959, and the Ph.D. degree in aero-nautics from the University of Cambridge He is currently with the University of Technology, Sydney. Dr. Roberts is a Senior Member of the AIAA, a member of the American Helicopter Society, and a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Australia. David H. Shepard, received the M.S. degree from the Univer- sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1947. During 1941, he was at Cornell University. In 1943, he worked successfully on Japanese codes. Life Senior Member, IEEE, Ken Caldeira, received the Ph.D. degree in atmospheric sciences from New York University M. Elizabeth Cannon, received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in geomat- ics engineering from the University of Calgary, David G. Eccles, Member, IEEE, received the B.E.(Hons.) Syd. degree from the Uni- versity of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, in 1976, and the MIE (Aust) certification from the Institute of Engineers Australia Barton, Australia, in 1982. Albert J. Grenier, eceived the Engineering degree from Clarkson University, Postdam, NY, in 1965. and Jonathan F. Freidin received the B.S. degree in applied and engineering physics from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, in 1980.  “Harnessing High-Altitude Wind Power “IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, VOL. 22, NO. 1, MARCH 2007 http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab/Caldeira_research/Roberts_etal.html
Hydrogen, not currently
costs of FEG facilities.

Plan

The Federal Aviation Administration should reduce all its restrictions of its application of Title 14 CFR part 77 to airborne wind energy systems except for restriction 6. The Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of Defense will reduce restriction 4 by granting access to the testing of airborne wind energy systems over 500 feet in selected sites of restricted airspace.
Solvency

Demand for energy increasing- results in continuous price increases for fossil fuels unless AWE is commercialized
Fagiano et al 10
Lorenzo Fagiano, Kitenergy S.r.l., Torino, Italy, Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy Mario Milanese, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA and Dario Piga1 Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy “High-Altitude Wind Power Generation” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, VOL. 25, NO. 1, MARCH 2010 Acessed online Google Scholar
THE PROBLEM of
theoretical and numerical results.

AWE could provide an alternative to the crisis
Rezaey & Safari-Doust 12
Abbas Rezaey, Asghar Safari-Doust¶ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran ¶ “Feasibility Study of a 10 GW High Altitude Wind Energy Generation Station in New York State”¶ Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 2(6)6119-6127, 2012 Accessed online Google Scholar
The oil resources
the AWEGS technology. 

There was massive government spending for AWE in 2012
Anderson 12
Ross Andersen is an Atlantic correspondent based in Washington, D.C. He is also the Science Editor at the Los Angeles Review of Books, and a contributor to The Economist. “The 'Silent Green Revolution' Underway at the Department of Energy” 9/9/12 http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/09/the-silent-green-revolution-underway-at-the-department-of-energy/261905/
In just three years,
has received ARPA-E funding (Makani).

There are several federal restrictions limiting the testing and development of AWE
Federal Register 11
Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 235/Wednesday, December 7, 2011/Proposed Rules [Docket No.: FAA–2011–1279; Notice No. 11–07] Notification for Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWES)
Given the altitudes tha
portions may be applicable.) 

These restrictions are preventing adequate research and development
Legget 12
Nickolaus E. Leggett, Licensed aircraft Pilot, certified electronics technician (ISCET and iNARTE) and an Extra Class amateur radio operator. I have a Master of Arts degree in Political Science from the Johns Hopkins University (May 1970).  I am also an inventor holding three U.S. PatentsComments of Nickolaus E. Leggett Before the Federal Aviation Administration Washington, D.C. 20591 In the Matter of Notification for Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWES) ) ) ) ) ) ) FAA Docket No. FAA-2011-1279; Notice No. 11-07 To the Federal Aviation Administration: Formal Comments of Nickolaus E. Leggett
The first AWES prototypes
liberal testing environment is needed.

We could provide terrawatts of power but FAA restrictions must be removed
National Instruments 11
Trade Journal “The AdvenT of Airborne Wind PoWer” Jan. 2011
Although boundary layer
floating cell phone towers

1AC UCO

Advantage 1: Hegemony
The EV revolution is inevitable- it is only a question of who gets there first- the US or China
Billmaier 10
James Billmaier has served as CEO and Chairman of Asymetrix, Melodeo, and Diego, Inc. He had also served as Vice President and General Manager of Sun Microsystems Networking Software Division
http://joltthebook.org/
The internal combustion engine is dying. Its death throes may take 20 years, but make no mistake: the end is coming. And that’s an
U.S. can’t afford to be left behind. But we’re going to need to move fast to become the undisputed market leader.
2012 is key- if we don’t invest we lose
Konrad 12
Tom Konrad, Contributor, “Report: US Re-takes Lead In Clean Energy Race from China, But Not For Long”, Forbes, 4/11 http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomkonrad/2012/04/11/report-us-re-takes-lead-in-clean-energy-race-from-china-but-not-for-long/
According to the just-released report “Who’s Winning the Clean Energy Race?” from the Pew Charitable Trusts, the United States invested the
Energy investment growth was a re-consolidation, not a sign of a peak. While the US was cutting incentives in 2011, China was adopting new ones. Not only did China increase a national target for solar deployment to 50 GW in 2010, but they adopted their first national feed-in tariff.

Scenario 1: Competitiveness
Winning the race will determine the future balance of power- key to competitiveness
Levine 10
Steve LeVine is a contributing editor at Foreign Policy and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's Security Studies Program. Foreign Policy November 2010 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/11/the_great_battery_race?hidecomments=yes
The Chinese government saw in the technology that Wan had mastered a potential future pillar of its economy. Starting virtually from scratch, Beijing
haves. And those who don't will be at the mercy of those who do.
Perception of American competitiveness is key to US leadership
Gelb 10
 [Leslie H. Gelb, a former New York Times columnist and senior official in the state
and defense departments, is currently president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, Fashioning a Realistic Strategy for the Twenty-First Century,? Fletcher Forum of World Affairs vol.34:2 summer 2010
http://ui04e.moit.tufts.edu/forum/archives/pdfs/34-2pdfs/Gelb.pdf
Power is what it always has been. It is the ability to get someone to do something they do not want to do by means
economy is in decline.
A shift in geostrategic power unleashes a wave of global conflict scenarios
Khalizad 11
Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 (“The Economy and National Security,” National Review, February 8th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011)
Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to the United States’ position as global leader.
moment, leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity.
In a power transition the U.S. will be aggressive, belligerent and less cooperative making conflict more likely
Brzezinsky 12
Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security advisor under U.S. President Jimmy Carter, After America How does the world look in an age of U.S. decline? Dangerously unstable. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america
Not so long ago, a high-ranking Chinese official, who obviously had concluded that America's decline and China's rise were both inevitable, noted in a
and chaotic, it is imperative that the United States pursue a new, timely strategic vision for its foreign policy  or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.
Empirically major wars are triggered by shifts in geopolitical power
Fogg 09
Erik Fogg¶ Master of Science in Political Science¶ at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Generalizing Power Transitions as a Cause of War June 2009 http://web.mit.edu/efogg/Public/ErikFoggThesis.pdf
A strong base of academic empirical support shows that power transition theory explains a¶ significant proportion of great power interstate war over centuries in the entire international system.¶ Examples include both World Wars, the
power than has yet been shown, and that more wars in history were¶ caused by power transitions than are currently understood.
These conflicts go nuclear - leadership diffuses them
Kagan 07
Robert Kagan 7, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and senior transatlantic fellow at the German Marshall Fund, August/September 2007, The Hoover Policy Review, online: http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html,
The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be nations is a second defining feature of the new
could simply make them more catastrophic.
U.S. decline causes war with China over Taiwan through miscalculation
Kagan 12
Robert Kagan is senior fellow at the Brookings Institution The Rise or Fall of the American Empire
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/14/the_rise_or_fall_of_the_american_empire?page=0,4
 The main point of my book, in fact, is to examine what might happen in the world should the United States prove incapable of
is why some have referred to Taiwan as East Asia's Sarajevo.
Recent modernization of Chinese military makes nuclear conflict over Taiwan seem rational
Glaser 11
Charles Glaser, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. “Will China's Rise Lead to War? Why Realism Does Not Mean Pessimism”. Foreign Affairs. Mar/Apr 2011. Vol. 90, Iss. 2; pg. 80. ProQuest.
The prospects for avoiding intense military competition and war may be good, but growth in China's power may nevertheless require some changes in U.S.
Chinese military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.
Scenario 2: Oil
Heg is high but declining now – Transitioning from oil to solar power is key to sustainability and preventing conflicts
Lieber 10/11
Robert J. Liber is a professor of government and international affairs at Georgetown University, “America in Decline? It’s a Matter of Choices, Not Fate”, World Affairs http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/america-decline-it%E2%80%99s-matter-choices-not-fate
The notion of American decline, although now pervasive, is not entirely new. Current concerns need to be seen against a history of pessimistic
Whether we maintain it is not a matter of large historical forces beyond our control, but a question of choices, policies, and resolve.
Forward presence helps manage three conflicts: China, North Korea, and Iran- AND we are welcomed
Forbes 11
Randy Forbes is chairman of the House Armed Services Readiness Subcommittee, “Puncturing the U.S. Base Myths”, The Diplomat 12-2 http://thediplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true-http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true~
Deterring regional aggression with forward basing has been central to U.S. military strategy since the end of World
withdrawal from the Philippines in 1991, for instance, Singapore stepped in by building a naval base large enough to berth a U.S. Nimitz-class aircraft carrier.
Korean conflict goes nuclear
Ryall 10/2
Julian Ryall is Telegraph Correspondent in Tokyo, “North and South Korea 'on the verge of nuclear war'”, 2012  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9580536/North-and-South-Korea-on-the-verge-of-nuclear-war.html
Pak Kil-yon, Pyongyang's vice-foreign minster, put the blame for the tense state of inter-Korean relations firmly on
be having an effect, however, after a recent poll showed that nearly 66 per cent of people are unhappy with the Lee government's hard-line policies towards the North.
Iran war goes global – asymmetric capabilities and proxy wars cause draw in
Cochrane 12
Paul Cochrane, Middle-East analyst based in Beirut writing for Executive Magazine, 3-1-2012, “Flirting with death,” Executive Magazine, http://www.executive-magazine.com/getarticle.php?article=15225
That said, President Barrack Obama has stated that Washington will work in “lockstep” with Israel to prevent Iran's nuclear aspirations, and
incalculable,” concludes Elleman.
Oil dependence kills forward mobility and effectiveness
Schaffer 12
(Julie Schaffer, Lt. Col. USMC Reserve, 3/20/12, “Marine Corps Energy: Instilling an Ethos of Energy Efficiency” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA562025)
Indeed, the entire DOD depends on petroleum fuels for military operations. This great demand for energy
convoys transporting fuel and water in a combat environment results in the injury or death of a Marine. 22
Independently, reducing reliance on petroleum sends a global signal of future US capabilities
Parthemore and Nagl 10
Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston's Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force   Preparing the Department of Defense   for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12
A successful transition away from petroleum   will produce financial, operational and strategic   gains. Reducing dependence on petroleum will   help ensure
accomplish their   missions in the years and decades to come.
Successful civilian commercialization will lead to military use of technology
Fein 04
Geoff S. Fein is the Defense Daily's lead reporter covering the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard and intelligence programs, acquisition, research and development, and science and technology.
Military Fuel-Cell Programs Not Yet Ready for Prime Time  http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2004/February/Pages/Military_Fuel3647.aspx
While the commercial industry is taking significant steps forward in the adoption of fuel cell technology, military researchers are
heavy loads of batteries to the front lines.
Advantage 2: Ethanol
Obama mandated the federal fleet transition to alternative fuel vehicles by 2015
Roland 11
Neil Roland, Reporting for Automotive News on 3/30/2011
http://www.autoweek.com/article/20110330/carnews/110339993#ixzz25A2ZhoFB
President Barack Obama said Wednesday that starting in 2015, all new cars and trucks bought by the federal government will
demand, get volumes up and drive prices down for new technologies,” said Roland Hwang, transportation program director of the nonprofit group.
But will be ethanol
Kemp 12
John Kemp (Reuters) reporter May 25 COLUMN-Will US federal fleet help alternative fuel switch? Kemp http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/25/column-kemp-cars-idUSL5E8GP8YG20120525
CONCENTRATION IS CRITICAL Potentially, the conversion of the federal fleet, as well as large private fleets, could provide the
alternatives supported in each region.
Ethanol is at its lowest point in years
IEA 12
International Energy Agency, “US ethanol production plunges to two-year low”, 8-132012 http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/news/2012/august/name,30389,en.html
Production of fuel ethanol – produced from fermenting sugar or starch bearing crops such as corn – has dropped to around 800 thousand
US ethanol production at an average around 850 kb/d in 2012, 60 kb/d lower than in 2011”, noted the OMR.
US Government’s misguided biofuel policy is driving the world to a food catastrophe- creates failed states, specifically South Africa
Kennedy 12
Robert Kennedy, “Food riots predicted over US crop failure”, Aljazeera, 8-212012 http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/08/20128218556871733.html
The world is on the brink of a food "catastrophe" caused by the worst US drought in 50 years, and misguided government
worst yet, capable of causing new food riots and turmoil on a par with the Arab Spring.
Failed states risk great power wars
Yoo 05
John, Professor of Law, University of California at Berkeley School of Law, Failed States, Int’l Colloquium, Online
Failed states pose perhaps the most dangerous threat to both American national security and international peace and
requires some answers to the problem of failed states.
South African inflation will remain stable if food prices aren’t driven up
Reuters 12
“SA's inflation seen at 5.2% in July”, Business Report,  8-17 2012, http://www.iol.co.za/business/business-news/sa-s-inflation-seen-at-5-2-in-july-1.1365140#.UEYoctZlTz0
South Africa's consumer inflation is expected to moderate to 5.2 percent in July, helped by a drop in fuel prices as
historic peaks, and maize and wheat futures in South Africa are near record highs. – Reuters
Inflation impedes growth in South Africa- many reasons
SARD 11
South African Reserve Bank, “Why is inflation bad?”, SARB, 3/28, http://www2.resbank.co.za/internet/Publication.nsf/LADV/C1E04C14CD41930A42257037003E1C24/$File/Factsheet2.pdf
Why is inflation bad? Inflation is regarded as a bad process because it leads to distortions and problems in an economy. A
be certainly left with a weaker economy.
South African growth key to BRIC growth in Africa- it’s the only mediator
Seruma and Dillard 11
(Larry and John, Chief Investment Officer of Nile Capital Management and Associate Professor and former Chair of the Management and Information Technology and Information Department at St. Francis College, "BRIC Becomes BRICS - South Africa as a Gateway to the Continent," Money Watch Africa, May 12, www.moneywatchafrica.com/2011/05/bric-becomes-brics-south-africa-as.html)
Given all this, including South Africa as a ‘BRIC’ economy on its own may seem counterintuitive, especially when countries like Mexico,
thus a harbinger of Africa’s growing role in the Emerging Markets, and its importance for Emerging Market investors.
Africa provides the BRIC manufacturers with access to raw materials and market for exports, key to their growth
Amsterdam 12
Robert Amsterdam, “What Future for China's Investments in Africa?”, Spear Magazine, 8-30 2012 http://www.spearswms.com/leaders-and-columnists/36647/what-future-for-chinas-investments-in-africa.thtml
Made in Africa THE EXPLOSIVE ECONOMIC growth of China over the past decade has transformed millions of
far and wide across regional markets. We’ll see if the competitors among the other BRIC nations are up to the challenge.
Russian economy growing through 2012
Adomanis 12
Forbes Consultant, "Russia's Economy is Still Growing Faster than Every EU Country," 8/16/12 www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2012/08/16/russias-economy-is-still-growing-faster-than-every-eu-country/ AD 8/25/12
Midway through 2012, the Russian economy is growing at a reasonable pace, foreign debt is almost non-existent, the
quite a few stories like this one from Reuters:
Decreases in BRIC growth spur Russia into nuclear war
Fin 11
Al Fin 9-19-11. –analyst for Oil price, specializes in energy, technology, news and politics. the fastest growing energy news site online. Our analysis focuses on Oil and Gas, Alternative Energy and Geopolitics. OilPrice works with over 250 syndication partners who re-publish our analysis “Will Commodity Prices Collapse When the BRIC’s Crumble?” http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Will-Commodity-Prices-Collapse-When-The-BRICs-Crumble.html
Common wisdom assumes that commodity prices, including oil prices, will continue to rise on exponential demand from emerging nations, such as China,
sustained commodities price slump than they have seen.
Plan

Plan: The United States federal government should provide grants to all federal agencies to demonstrate integrated solar on federal vehicles in the United States.
 
Solvency

Fleet managers will choose most optimal option which would be solar EV’s once subsidized
Merriam 11
Sara Merriam, “SA Releases Fleet Management Tool to Optimize Federal Fleet”, General Services Administration, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/316513 8/11
On May 24, 2011, President Obama issued a Presidential Memorandum on federal fleet performance directing
all AFVs by 2015.
Obama’s investing in new electric vehicles now- takes out your disad, but is too slow to solve the aff
Plumer 9/21
Brad Plumer, associate editor at the new republic, “CBO: Government will spend $7.5 billion on electric vehicles. What are we getting back?”, Washington Post,  2012  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/09/21/cbo-government-will-spend-7-5-billion-on-electric-vehicles-what-are-we-getting-back/
Over the next seven years, the federal government will spend $7.5 billion on policies to boost the U.S. electric-vehicle
said Dan Weiss of the Center for American Progress. “
CBO estimates tax credit won’t make vehicles cost- competitive
Sebastian 9/24
Simone Sebastian, energy reporter for the Houston Chronicle, “Is electric cars' tax credit misfiring?” Chron, 2012 http://www.chron.com/business/article/Is-electric-cars-tax-credit-misfiring-3890939.php
Tax credits for electric vehicles will cost the federal government nearly $2 billion through 2019. But the subsidy doesn't make EVs cost-
emissions of the nation's vehicle fleet over the next several years," the report stated.

2 customer concerns- range and safety
Gordon-Bloomfield 12
Nikki Gordon-Bloomfield is a reporter, “What Do Consumers Really Think Of Electric Cars? We Find Out”, Green Car Reports, 1/31, http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1072392_what-do-consumers-really-think-of-electric-cars-we-find-out
Depending on which websites you visit and which news channels you watch, electric cars are either portrayed as the poster children of
with many consumers expressing the concern that electric cars were less safe than gasoline cars. 

Demonstration programs for vehicular solar lead to its widespread adoption
McCarthy 06
Ryan McCarthy, THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES¶ SCHOOL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGEINEERING¶ OPPORTUNITIES FOR¶ VEHICLE INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS http://rpmccarthy.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/vipv_ryan_mccarthy.pdf
This report has revealed that the concept of VIPV is economically feasible, technically possible, delivers on policy objectives
feasible. Given trends in the road transport and photovoltaic industries, the future scope for VIPV is enormous.
Demonstrations are key to prove EV viability and assuage concerns about EV’s - only the federal fleet can fill the niche
Graham and Messer 11
John D. Graham and Natalie Messer, dean of the Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs, masters in public affairs from Duke, Phd. Natalie is Masters of Public Affairs student at the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, “Can Electric Vehicles Take Off? A Roadmap to Find the Answer”, March 11, http://e360.yale.edu/feature/can_electric_vehicles_take_off_a_roadmap_to_find_the_answer/2380/
As instability in the Middle East pushes oil prices past $100 per barrel and gasoline prices toward $4 a gallon in the U.S., the need to find better ways to fuel
to give it a fair chance in the marketplace.
Electric vehicle costs will go down as mass produced- makes ev’s viable
Plumer 12
Brad Plumer, associate editor at the new republic, “As battery prices drop, will electric cars finally catch on?”, Wash Post, 7-12,  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/12/as-battery-prices-drop-will-electric-cars-finally-catch-on/
At the moment, Americans aren’t exactly dashing out to dealerships to buy electric cars. The plug-in Nissan Leaf, which runs
down as quickly as the McKinsey authors argue is possible, then that could all change in short order.
Vehicle integrated solar is technologically applicable to all vehicles
McCarthy 06
Ryan McCarthy, THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES¶ SCHOOL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGEINEERING¶ OPPORTUNITIES FOR¶ VEHICLE INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS http://rpmccarthy.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/vipv_ryan_mccarthy.pdf

1. VIPV generates energy where it is most valuable: at the point of end use.¶ 2. VIPV enables the capture of a presently unused 

willingness to use their vehicles more efficiently – but not to give them up. VIPV presents an accessible option to further increase existing vehicle efficiency.

EV Revolution

The EV revolution is coming- it is a question of who will get there first- the US or China
Billmaier 10
James Billmaier has served as CEO and Chairman of Asymetrix, Melodeo, and Diego, Inc. He had also served as Vice President and General Manager of Sun Microsystems Networking Software Division
http://joltthebook.org/
The internal combustion
undisputed market leader.

US will lose the race absent significant financial support- plan is key
Konrad 12
Tom Konrad, Contributor, “Report: US Re-takes Lead In Clean Energy Race from China, But Not For Long”, Forbes, 4/11 http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomkonrad/2012/04/11/report-us-re-takes-lead-in-clean-energy-race-from-china-but-not-for-long/
According to the just
national feed-in tariff.

China is investing massively in ev’s now- just launched new demonstration initiatives
Qian 9/27
Zhao Qian, “New-energy auto plan stalls”, Global Times 2012 http://www.globaltimes.cn/NEWS/tabid/99/ID/735831/New-energy-auto-plan-stalls.aspx
Guangzhou has launched
Agency reported Wednesday.
Winning the race will determine the future balance of power
Levine 10
Steve LeVine is a contributing editor at Foreign Policy and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's Security Studies Program. Foreign Policy November 2010 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/11/the_great_battery_race?hidecomments=yes
The Chinese government
mercy of those who do. 

Perception of American competitiveness is key to US leadership
Gelb 10
 [Leslie H. Gelb, a former New York Times columnist and senior official in the state
and defense departments, is currently president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, Fashioning a Realistic Strategy for the Twenty-First Century,? Fletcher Forum of World Affairs vol.34:2 summer 2010
http://ui04e.moit.tufts.edu/forum/archives/pdfs/34-2pdfs/Gelb.pdf
Power is what it
economy is in decline.

A shift in geostrategic power unleashes a wave of global conflict scenarios
Khalizad 11
Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 (“The Economy and National Security,” National Review, February 8th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011)
Today, economic and
era of multi-polarity.

In a power transition the U.S. will become more aggressive, belligerent and less cooperative making global conflict more likely
Brzezinsky 12
Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security advisor under U.S. President Jimmy Carter, After America How does the world look in an age of U.S. decline? Dangerously unstable. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america
Not so long ago, a high-ranking
slide into global turmoil. 

This is not hypothetical, empirically major wars are triggered by shifts in geopolitical power
Fogg 09
Erik Fogg¶ Master of Science in Political Science¶ at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Generalizing Power Transitions as a Cause of War June 2009 http://web.mit.edu/efogg/Public/ErikFoggThesis.pdf
A strong base of
are currently understood.
These conflicts go nuclear - leadership diffuses them
Kagan 07
Robert Kagan 7, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and senior transatlantic fellow at the German Marshall Fund, August/September 2007, The Hoover Policy Review, online: http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html,
The jostling for
make them more catastrophic.

Perceptions of U.S. decline triggers China war over Taiwan through miscalculation
Kagan 12
Robert Kagan is senior fellow at the Brookings Institution The Rise or Fall of the American Empire
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/14/the_rise_or_fall_of_the_american_empire?page=0,4
 The main point of my
Taiwan as East Asia's Sarajevo.
Recent modernization of Chinese military makes nuclear conflict over Taiwan seem rational
Glaser 11
Charles Glaser, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. “Will China's Rise Lead to War? Why Realism Does Not Mean Pessimism”. Foreign Affairs. Mar/Apr 2011. Vol. 90, Iss. 2; pg. 80. ProQuest.
The prospects for
poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.
We control uniqueness—all forms of violence declined in the era of U.S. leadership
Fettweis 11
Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 85-86
The evidence supports
may indeed he changing.
VIPV can assure competitiveness
Spherical designs Organization 06
http://solarvehicles.sphericalstructures.com/index.html
 No one can predict
supplies were disrupted. 

Warming

Warming is real and anthropogenic-4 reasons
Prothero 12
(M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. degrees in geological sciences from Columbia University, and a B.A. in geology and biology from the University of California, Riverside, Professor of Geology at Occidental College in Los Angeles, and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, “How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused”  Skeptic. Altadena: 2012. Vol. 17, Iss. 2; pg. 14, 10 pgs, proquest) HDG
How do we
deltas) would be drowned. 

Scientific Consensus goes aff
EDF 11
(Environmental Defense Fund, leading national nonprofit organization representing more than 700,000 members.  Citing Science and the IPCC, as well as other multinational climate organizations, “Scientific Consensus on the Basic Facts of Global Warming,” http://www.edf.org/climate/scientific-consensus)
The most respected scientific
working on solutions is now.

Transportation is a massive greenhouse gas contributor- accounts for nearly 30%
EPA 12
Environmental Protection Agency, “Transportation sector emissions”, EPA, 6-12, http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/sources/transportation.html
The Transportation sector
higher fuel economy standards.

Vehicle solar is unparalleled in its ability to solve warming and air pollution
McCarthy 06
Ryan McCarthy, THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES¶ SCHOOL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGEINEERING¶ OPPORTUNITIES FOR¶ VEHICLE INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS http://rpmccarthy.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/vipv_ryan_mccarthy.pdf
There is virtually no
in the one package.

US transportation energy policy modeled globally
Appleby 10
Andrew Appleby, Graduate Tax Scholar in the LL.M. in Taxation program at Georgetown University Law Center, “TRANSPORTATION ENERGY POLICY IN NATIONAL AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A NEW BEGINNING?: PAY AT THE PUMP: HOW $ 11 PER GALLON GASOLINE CAN SOLVE THE UNITED STATES' MOST PRESSING CHALLENGES,” Cumberland Law Review, Lexis
The United States
Obama's pledge. 562
 
Air Pollution Causes Upwards of a Million Deaths Annually
Brindley 06
Brindley (The Western Mail) December 11, 2006. (Madeleine, “A Million fall victim to air pollution every year” The Western Mail, First Edition, Lexis).
The World Health Organization
our country and cities.

There is a new consensus that warming will destroy the Oceans
Hance 12
Jeremy Hance¶ mongabay.com    2,600 scientists: climate change killing the world's coral reefs¶ ¶ July 10, 2012¶ http://news.mongabay.com/2012/0710-hance-coral-reefs-climate-statment.html
In an unprecedented show
but it is closing rapidly." 

The impact destroys all life
Gerhardt 11
Tina Gerhardt is an independent journalist. Her work has appeared in the Nation, the Wall Street Journal, and many other publications Our Oceans Are in Dire Shape, But Without Them All Life on Land  Human, Plant and Animal  Is Totally Screwed http://www.alternet.org/story/152636/our_oceans_are_in_dire_shape%2C_but_without_them_all_life_on_land_--_human%2C_plant_and_animal_--_is_totally_screwed
Global warming has often
emit less greenhouse gas emissions. 

Must act now—3 year window before it’s too late to solve warming
Birol 11
(Fatih, Chief Economist and Director of Global Energy Economics at the International Energy Agency, November 28, 2011, Transcript of “World Energy Outlook 2011”, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/112811_transcript_energyoutlook1.pdf) HDG
Another point on climate change
two degrees will be closed.

Climate change aggravates Indo-Pak conflict
Parenti 11
(Christian, PhD in Sociology from the London School of Economics, visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics, as well as a Soros Senior Justice Fellow. Parenti has taught at the New College of California and at St. Mary's College in Moraga, California.  He also writes for many other publications, including the London Review of Books, Mother Jones and Condé Nast Traveler. He has held fellowships from the Open Society Institute, Rockefeller Brother Fund and the Ford Foundation; and has won numerous awards, including the 2009 Lange-Tailor Prize and “Best Magazine Writing 2008”,June 28, 2011, Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence, available online) HDG
Pakistan and India are
the India-Pakistan conflict.

India Pakistan war will go nuclear
Vira 12
Varun Vira writes on Middle Eastern and South Asian security affairs.  Most recently, he coauthored Pakistan: Violence vs. Stability with Dr. Anthony Cordesman of the Center for Strategic and International Studies
Escalating from Terrorism to Nuclear War on the Asian Subcontinent  Small Wars Journal 4-26-12
http://smallwars.org/jrnl/art/escalating-from-terrorism-to-nuclear-war-on-the-asian-subcontinent
In wartime, nuclear weapons
could permanently embolden India.¶ ¶ 

The Impact is Catastrophic
AFP 12
India-Pakistan nuclear war threatens world food security: Report¶ By AFP¶ Published: April 24, 2012http:tribune.com.pk/story/369330/potential-india-pakistan-nuclear-war-threatens-world-food-security/¶ Potential ¶ Usage of nuclear weapons in sub-continent could disrupt global climate with food production falling as much as 21%.CHICAGO:
More than a billion 

Solvency

Plan

Plan: The United States federal government should provide grants to all federal agencies for deployment of integrated solar on federal vehicles in the United States.
Plan causes widespread adoption of solar electric vehicles GSA forces fleet managers to choose most optimal option- with fuel completely subsidized that is solar EV’s
Merriam 11
Sara Merriam, “SA Releases Fleet Management Tool to Optimize Federal Fleet”, General Services Administration, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/316513 8/11
On May 24, 2011
acquiring all AFVs by 2015.

Obama’s investing in new electric vehicles now- takes out your disad, but is too slow to solve the aff
Plumer 9/21
Brad Plumer, associate editor at the new republic, “CBO: Government will spend $7.5 billion on electric vehicles. What are we getting back?”, Washington Post,  2012  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/09/21/cbo-government-will-spend-7-5-billion-on-electric-vehicles-what-are-we-getting-back/
Over the next seven
for American Progress. “

CBO estimates tax credit won’t make vehicles cost- competitive
Sebastian 9/24
Simone Sebastian, energy reporter for the Houston Chronicle, “Is electric cars' tax credit misfiring?” Chron, 2012 http://www.chron.com/business/article/Is-electric-cars-tax-credit-misfiring-3890939.php
Tax credits for electric
several years," the report stated.

2 customer concerns- range and safety
Gordon-Bloomfield 12
Nikki Gordon-Bloomfield is a reporter, “What Do Consumers Really Think Of Electric Cars? We Find Out”, Green Car Reports, 1/31, http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1072392_what-do-consumers-really-think-of-electric-cars-we-find-out
Depending on which
less safe than gasoline cars.
Demonstration programs for vehicular solar lead to its widespread adoption
McCarthy 06
Ryan McCarthy, THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES¶ SCHOOL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGEINEERING¶ OPPORTUNITIES FOR¶ VEHICLE INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS http://rpmccarthy.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/vipv_ryan_mccarthy.pdf
This report has revealed
future scope for VIPV is enormous.

This demonstration is key to prove EV viability and assuage concerns about EV’s and only the federal fleet could fill this niche
Graham and Messer 11
John D. Graham and Natalie Messer, dean of the Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs, masters in public affairs from Duke, Phd. Natalie is Masters of Public Affairs student at the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, “Can Electric Vehicles Take Off? A Roadmap to Find the Answer”, March 11, http://e360.yale.edu/feature/can_electric_vehicles_take_off_a_roadmap_to_find_the_answer/2380/
As instability in the
a fair chance in the marketplace.

Electric vehicle costs will go down as mass produced- makes ev’s viable
Plumer 12
Brad Plumer, associate editor at the new republic, “As battery prices drop, will electric cars finally catch on?”, Wash Post, 7-12,  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/12/as-battery-prices-drop-will-electric-cars-finally-catch-on/
At the moment, Americans
could all change in short order.

Vehicle integrated solar is technologically applicable to all vehicles
McCarthy 06
Ryan McCarthy, THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES¶ SCHOOL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGEINEERING¶ OPPORTUNITIES FOR¶ VEHICLE INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS http://rpmccarthy.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/vipv_ryan_mccarthy.pdf

1. VIPV generates energy
   increase existing vehicle efficiency.
   Federal investment incentives are critical
   Boesel 09
   John Boesel, President and CEO of CALSTART¶ Before the Select Committee on¶ Energy Independence and Global Warming¶ On¶ Constructing a Green Transportation Policy:¶ Transit Modes and Infrastructure¶ March 19, 2009http:www.calstart.org/Libraries/Policy_Documents/CALSTART_Select_Committee_on_Energy_and_Global_Warming_Testimony.sflb.ashx
   There is a clear need
   to come down and the need for incentives should disappear.