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Khatri-Schile Aff

Last modified by Addison Schile on 2013/01/12 13:40

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	09/22/2012	1ac Tournament: umkc \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: UMKC 1AC Plan The United States Department of Defense should increase procurement contracts for small modular nuclear reactors in the United States. Contention 1: Military Effectiveness DoD electric instillations are vulnerable – SMR solves Robitaille 12 George 3-21 Dept. Army Civilian “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA561802 In recent years, the U.S Department of Defense (DoD) has identified a security issue at our installations related to the dependence on the civilian electrical grid. 1 The DoD depends … on the environment. That’s key to military effectiveness GAO 09 “DEFENSE CRITICAL¶ INFRASTRUCTURE” http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/297162.pdf The Department of Defense … the missions they support. Oil dependence kills forward mobility and effectiveness Schaffer 12 (Julie Schaffer, Lt. Col. USMC Reserve, 3/20/12, “Marine Corps Energy: Instilling an Ethos of Energy Efficiency” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA562025) Indeed, the entire DOD … death of a Marine. 22 This decimates future military operations—conventional fuel supplies are insufficient for future theatres Schlossberg 11 (Andrew Scholssberg, Department of Political Science College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania, 4/8/11, “The Military Dimensions of Post-Cold War U.S. Oil Policy: Access to Oil and Consequences for Geostrategy” http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173andcontext=curej) To OEPP planners, future … and combat effectiveness. Oil will dictate future missions Crowley et. al 7 Thomas D. Crowley is a Policy Consultant for LMI Tonya D. Corrie is a policy consultant for LMI David B. Diamond is a policy consultant for LMIStuart D. Funk is a policy Consultant for LMI*Wilhelm A. Hansen, Andrea D. Stenhoff, and Daniel C. Swift are policy consultants for LMI***LMI is a governmental consulting organization [http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA467003, april 2007, “Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy”] The goal of our … the long term. That causes interventionist wars Collina 05 (Tom Collina, research director @ Arms Control Association, 10/19/05, “Oil Dependence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Real Dangers, Realistic Solutions” http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/congress/2005_hr/051020-collina.pdf) Bottom line: our … our dependence on oil. SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve Andres and Breetz 11 (Richard Andres, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair at INSS, and Hanna Breetz, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2011, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712) Operational Vulnerability. Operational … of U.S. lives. Reducing petroleum dependence sends a global signal of US strength and doesn’t sacrifice readiness Parthemore and Nagl '10 Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston's Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12 A successful transition … years and decades to come. Any of these would escalate into great power wars—American retrenchment collapse current restraints Zhang and Shi 11 – Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/ This does not … of unrivalled US primacy. Military strategy is inevitable – It’s only a question of success Kagan 11 – Professor of National Security @ Georgetown Robert, “The Price of Power,” The Weekly Standard, Lexis Some may hope … built and defended. DOD leadership ensures key reactor technology that solves DOD problems Andres and Breetz 11 (Richard Andres, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair at INSS, and Hanna Breetz, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2011, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712) Technological Lock-in. … timeline and trajectory. Risks of attacks are negligible Andres and Breetz 11 (Richard Andres, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair at INSS, and Hanna Breetz, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2011, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712) Despite these potential … must deliver fuel. SMRs are better than renewables – renewables don’t provide enough energy and don’t create smart grid Loudermilk 11 (Micah Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 5/31/11, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs” http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375) Renewable energy technologies … become a reality. Contention 2: Manufacturing US competitiveness is declining, threatening our economic model Porter and Rivkin 12 - * Bishop William Lawrence University Professor ** Bruce V. Rauner Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School (Michael E. Porter, Bishop William Lawrence University Professor, and Jan W. Rivkin, Bruce V. Rauner Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, March 2012, “The Looming Challenge to US Competitiveness” http://www.wedc.wa.gov/Download%20files/HBR_LoomingCompetiveness.pdf) The American economy … the common interest. Specifically US manufacturing is on the decline USDOC 12 (Dept. of Commerce in consultation with the National Economic Council, January 2012, “The Competitiveness and Innovative Capacity of the United States” http://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2012/january/competes_010511_0.pdf) While manufacturing continues … play a role. Manufacturing is key – spills over to all other sectors Sperling 12 – Director of the National Economic Council (Gene Sperling, lawyer and political figure, currently serving as Director of the National Economic Council, 3/27/12, “REMARKS BY GENE SPERLING BEFORE THE CONFERENCE ON THE RENAISSANCE OF AMERICAN MANUFACTURING” http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/administration-official/sperling_-_renaissance_of_american_manufacturing_-_03_27_12.pdf) Yet, we do … on our shore. US is key to the global economy Caploe 9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf In the aftermath of … the Great Depression. SMR is key to manufacturing Crawford et al 11 David Senior Fellow, U.S. Nuclear Infrastructure Council, Harrison Akins Policy Fellow, U.S. Nuclear Infrastructure Council, Sept 28^th, “Promoting US Readiness for Developing the SMR Supply Chain”, http://asmedl.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdfandid=ASMECP002011054730000405000001andidtype=cvipsandprog=normal According to EIA projections… independence for the future. SMRs independently key to economy ITA 11 (International Trade Administration, February 2011, “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors” http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf) A primary advantage … United States. Economic decline causes nuclear war Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the … eat-dog world. US economic model is the key internal link to interdependence and multilateral cooperation. The alternative is competitive mercantilism that will destroy cooperation Posen 9 - deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” http://clients.squareeye.com/uploads/foresight/documents/PN%20USA_FINAL_LR_1.pdf In the postwar period, … the following priority measures. Economic nationalism will collapse growth and prompt global war Garten 9 – professor at the Yale School of Management Jeffrey, “The Dangers of Turning Inward”, 3/5, Wall Street Journal, http://www.business.illinois.edu/aguilera/Teaching/WSJ09_Dangers_of_Turning_Inward.pdf The last time … back into poverty? Contention 3: Solvency Incentives provided but they don’t solve Lovering et al 9/7 (Jessica Lovering, policy analyst @ Breakthrough Institute, Ted Nordhaus, chairman of the Breakthrough Institute, and Michael Shellenberger, president of the Breakthrough Institute, 9/7/12, “Out of the Nuclear Closet” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet) Nuclear has enjoyed … new commercial designs. DoD has enormous procurement power—best way to develop Fitzpatrick et al '11 Ryan, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy; Josh Freed is the Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way Mieke Eoyang is Director for National Security at Third Way ; Third Way is the leading think tank of the moderate wing of the progressive movement " Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance Clean Energy Technology... And Why It Has To ," http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CEAQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.thirdway.org%2Fpublications%2F414%2FThird_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdfandei=qvdLUMv9Bo369gS36IHQCgandusg=AFQjCNGb9TOO069aF0CT-EADvO8wsN9DjA June 2011 AD 9/8/12 Use the Procurement … higher upfront costs. DoD key to SMR industry Andres and Breetz 11 (Richard Andres, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair at INSS, and Hanna Breetz, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2011, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712) The “Valley of Death.” Given … technical viability.32 SMRs are cheap and can provide easy power to the US Spencer and Loris 11 (Jack Spencer, esearch Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at the Heritage Foundation, and Nicolas Loris, Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation, 2/2/11, “A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?” http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors) Why SMRs? Small modular reactors … the United States. SMRs allow mass production – reduces costs Szondy 12 (David Szondy, freelance writer, 2/16/12, “Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?” http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/) SMRs have a number of … site conventional reactors.
	11/01/2012	1ac harvard Tournament: harvard \| Round: 1 \| Opponent: wake lm \| Judge: Nick Ryan 1AC 1AC 2 Contention 1: warming Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology William, "Expert credibility in climate change," National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109 Preliminary reviews of scientific literature ~…~ and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change. Warming is real and human induced – consensus is on our side – numerous studies prove Rahmstorf 8 – Professor of Physics of the Oceans Richard, of Physics of the Oceans at Potsdam University, Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto, Edited by Ernesto Zedillo, "Anthropogenic Climate Change?," pg. 42-4 It is time to turn to statement B: human activities are ~…~ is a reality with which we need to deal. Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, "Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it," pg. 122 The best estimates for ~…~ profound social, cultural and political changes. Anthropogenic CO2 emissions cause ocean acidification Kerr 10 - PhD in chemical oceanography Richard Kerr, 6-2010, "Ocean Acidification Unprecedented, Unsettling," Science, Science Magazine Humans are caught up in a ~…~ emissions are so rapid that they are piling up in surface waters. Extinction—emission reductions are critical to preventing this Romm 2009 (Joe, a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 "Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm ~~%2388 on its list of 100 "people who are reinventing America." Time named him a "Hero of the Environment″ and "The Web~’s most influential climate-change blogger." Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw %241 billion in R%26D, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT, "Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary ," http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/,) Global warming is "capable of ~…~ slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now. IGCC solves GHG emissions from coal Perusse et al 9 Brian Perusse, Matthew Riggins, Jeff Rodgers, Maury Zimring, July 2009, "Melting Down and Scaling Up: Stabilizing Climate Change by Promoting Private Sector Technology Development" Review of Policy Research¶ Volume 26, Issue 4, pages 511–531 Clean Technology Innovation: Clean Coal¶ ~…~, the cost-effectiveness of that removal decreases. Solves 30 percent of emissions even without CCS Kundi 11 – MS @ KU Manish, "Is Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle with Carbon Capture-Storage the Solution for Conventional Coal Power Plants," http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/8745/1/Kundi%2c%20Manish%20EMGT%20Field%20Project.pdf Most of the proposed IGCC ~…~ These reductions could be in ¶ range of 18-20% (Booras and Holt 2004). US-driven IGCC is key to global modeling Roberts, 04 – Contributor to Harper~’s Magazine, frequent speaker on National Public Radio and member of The New York Review, (Paul, "The End of Oil: on the Edge of a Perilous New World", pg. 232-4, USC Libraries) Even as U.S. policies were ~…~ real manufacturing strength." Carbon sequestration is key Mack and Endemann 10 - partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation Joel and Buck, "Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines," Energy Policy, http://lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub3385_1.pdf At present, approximately 50% of ~…~ from global climate change. 8 Even if regulations aren~’t likely now, the plan is key to convincing the world that emissions can be cut without economic cost MIT 7* Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, http://web.mit.edu/coal/ Washington, DC – Leading academics ~…~ systems should be greatly enhanced. Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won~’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost Apt et al 7 – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy Jay, "Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration," Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (~…~ U.S. economy are shown in figure 28 below. Only the federal government policies lead to climate modeling Abbott and Kasprzyk 12 - Ph.D. Associate Professor of Geography and Environmental Science at Stetson University Graduate at Indiana University J. Anthony, and Kiryssa, "Hot Air: University Climate Action Plans and Disarticulated Federalism" The Professional Geographer Volume 64, Issue 4, 2012 Although state-level climate policy ~…~ more relevant at multiple scales. 1AC 3 Contention 2: Economy* Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations EPA 10 – US Environmental Protection Agency "Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage," http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/downloads/CCS-Task-Force-Report-2010.pdf While CCS can be applied to a variety ~…~ and assist in the creation of new technologies for export. Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, "Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network," 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis In the United States, coal-fired power ~…~ the costs associated with electricity generation. Collapses the economy Cover, 11 – senior staff writer for CNS News, Washington D.C.-based newsgroup, winner of the Media Research Center~’s Outstanding Journalism Award, neutral newsgroup that does not accept federal tax money, (Matt, "EPA Global Warming Regulations Could Send Economy Back Into Recession, Report Says", CNS News, http://cnsnews.com/news/article/epa-global-warming-regulations-could-send-economy-back-recession-report-says)//JK (CNSNews.com) – Regulation of greenhouse gasses ~…~ not for two years but permanently." Coal affects all major sectors of the economy Rose and Wei 6 - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University Adam and Dan, "The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015," http://www.americaspower.org/sites/all/themes/americaspower/images/pdf/penn-state-study.pdf We performed our analysis with the ~…~ effects throughout the U.S. economy. US is key to the global economy Caploe 9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf In the aftermath of the G-20 ~…~ into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression. Nuclear war Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC~’s Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" ~~http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf~~~~ Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the ~…~ a more dog-eat-dog world. Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus ACCCE 11 American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, "American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity," http://www.compasscoal.com/blog/ The United States continues to ~…~ the government invests. That~’s key to faster growth Applebaum 12 - PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research Eileen, 4-27, "Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth," http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/27/blame-budget-austerity-for-poor-gdp-growth As the Obama administration~’s 2009 ~…~ over its economic policies. It should not choose austerity. Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars Khalilzad 11* – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024 Today, economic and fiscal trends pose ~…~ aggressive moves in their regions. Plan The United States federal government should substantially increase tax credits for integrated gasification combined cycle on coal plants. 1AC 4 Contention 3: Solvency Increasing tax incentives for IGCC spurs development USCOC 11 US Chamber of Commerce, 10/19/11, "Commit to the Use of Clean Coal" http://www.energyxxi.org/commit-use-clean-coal However, for all of the promise of CCS, the ~…~ built for each coal type at an accelerated pace. Prior federal incentives are key Rahim 10 – Climate Wire Saqib, "States Wrestle With Clean Coal Technology, With Varying Results," NY Times, http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2010/09/21/21climatewire-states-wrestle-with-clean-coal-technology-wi-44916.html?pagewanted=all The fate of a major low-carbon technology is ~…~ carbon sooner rather than later." Coal is inevitable – federal incentives for IGCC shape global markets Vaitheeswaran 7 – Correspondent @ the Economist Vijay, "Panacea or Pipe Dream? Energy Policy and the Search for Alternatives: Session II: Energy Alternatives in the Market", Council on Foreign Relations Roundtable Transcript, CFR VAITHEESWARAN: Sure. Just a quick comment on coal. I am - I think the U.S. and Europe need to do much more in investing in — finding ways to make coal ~…~ it~’s going to be low-carbon or high-carbon. IGCC is cost competitive and efficient Silverstein 12 Ken, contributor to Forbes, 2/27/12, "Is Cleaning Coal Worth It?" http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/02/27/is-cleaning-coal-worth-it/ A successful venture would give ~…~ productivity and fewer emissions. CCS is technologically proven Handwerk 12 – National Geographic Analyst Brian, "Amid Economic Concerns, Carbon Capture Faces a Hazy Future," http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/05/120522-carbon-capture-and-storage-economic-hurdles/ In fact, these and other research and ~…~ projects to scale up the technology.
	11/01/2012	T-Energy Production Tournament: harvard \| Round: 1 \| Opponent: wake lm \| Judge: nick ryan T – Energy Production IGCC is energy production of coal Moser No Date – Law Fellow Nolan, "Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle," http://www.theoec.org/PDFs/fact%20sheets/igcc_costs_and_jobs_final.pdf IGCC, or Integrated Gasification ~…~ ¶ traditional pulverized coal. Means the tax credits are for energy production Energy production of coal is mining and cleaning Lerche 10 - Bachelor of Science in biology and an Environmental Affairs Certification from Colorado State University Jacqueline, "Positives %26 Negatives of Coal Energy Sources," National Geographic, http://greenliving.nationalgeographic.com/positives-negatives-coal-energy-sources-2554.html The process of burning coal ~…~ coal processing. (See References 1) IGCC is the cleaning process – qualifies as production OEC 9 Ohio Environmental Council, "Integrated Gasiﬁ cation Combined Cycle," Green Paper, http://www.theoec.org/PDFs/FactSheets/IGCC_Main_09.pdf IGCC converts coal in ¶ a complex ~…~ in the U.S., this point is central Energy production is extraction and electricity production COAG 9 Department of Climate Change on behalf of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Expert Group on Streamlining Greenhouse and Energy Reporting, "national Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Streamlining Protocol," http://www.climatechange.gov.au/~~/media/publications/greenhouse-report/nger-streamlining-protocol.pdf Energy production’ is defined ~…~ Schedule 1 of the NGER Regulations We meet electricity production Succar et al 6 Samir Succar, Jeffery B. Greenblatt, Robert H. Williams, May 2006, "Comparing Coal IGCC with CCS and¶ Wind-CAES Baseload Power Options in¶ a Carbon-Constrained World" http://www.princeton.edu/~~ssuccar/recent/Succar_NETLPaper_May06.pdf The integrated gasification combined ~…~ to compete in economic dispatch.
	11/01/2012	AT: Earthquakes Tournament: harvard \| Round: 1 \| Opponent: wake lm \| Judge: Nick Ryan Solvency – AT: Earthquakes Qualified evidence concludes no earthquakes Reisinger 9 – JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council Will, "RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE," Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf Injecting large quantities of ~…~ who are opposed to CCS. CCS is safe – no leaks —their evidence is alarmist environmentalism Mills 11 - *MSc in Geological Sciences @ Cambridge Robin, "Capturing Carbon: The New Weapon in the War Against Climate Change," Google Book It is often claimed that carbon capture ~…~ safe and that leakage will be minimal.
	11/01/2012	2ac states cp Tournament: harvard \| Round: 1 \| Opponent: wake lm \| Judge: Nick Ryan 2AC States Perm do both – shields the link because the perception is that states are doing the plan means Obama doesn’t get the blame. Perm do the cp. Budget struggles cause uncertainty – assumes fiat of the cp Corde 12 Brian, co-founder and Managing Partner at Atlas Insight a consulting firm, 2012, "Diminishing State Budgets and Public Scrutiny Contribute to Uncertain Business Incentives Climate" http://www.areadevelopment.com/taxesIncentives/January2012/state-budgets-effect-business-incentives-66228280.shtml Some Struggles¶ While the above ~…~ of the citizens of their area. Certainty is key WRI 12 World Resources Institute, IGCC with Carbon Capture Sequestration, http://www.wri.org/publication/content/8125 Integrated gasification combined ~…~ electric power security is threatened. Climate modeling key to global CCS development Handwerk 12 Brian, National Geographic writer, 5/22/12, "Amid Economic Concerns, Carbon Capture Faces a Hazy Future" http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/05/120522-carbon-capture-and-storage-economic-hurdles/ "I’d say the biggest problem we ~…~ delayed or falling by the wayside."
	11/01/2012	2ac Elections Obama Good Tournament: harvard \| Round: 1 \| Opponent: wake lm \| Judge: Nick Ryan Elections 2AC 2AC Link Work Obama supports coal Tau 12 Byron, Politico, 8/6/12, "New Obama ad hits Romney on coal ’kills people’ remarks" http://www.politico.com/politico44/2012/08/new-obama-ad-hits-romney-on-coal-kills-people-remarks-131196.html A new radio ad in Ohio from ~…~ could matter among pro-coal voters in a state like Ohio. Climate action key to Obama O’Konski 6-13 "Campaign 2012: Climate Change and Energy," Climate Science Watch, http://www.climatesciencewatch.org/2012/06/13/campaign-2012-climate-change-and-energy/ On this point I note an interesting ~…~ election – or maybe even the next. Obama can renew enthusiasm in Appalachian swing states by taking a pro-coal strategy Power Engineering 5/22/2012 – contributions from Daris Dixon and Capitol News Company (GOP looks to bury Obama on coal, Power Engineering, http://www.power-eng.com/news/2012/05/22/gop-looks-to-bury-obama-on-coal.html-http://www.power-eng.com/news/2012/05/22/gop-looks-to-bury-obama-on-coal.html, EA) Anger over coal helped an ~…~ of a much-debated 2008 exchange in which Biden said, "No coal plants here in America." Swing states determine the election Coombes ’12 Andrew, Staff Writer, Aljazeera, "US election outcome depends on swing states", http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/07/201272984739750251.html The outcome of the US election is likely ~…~ because they swing back and forth." Energy policy won’t switch votes—it’s all about the economy AP 12 (Associated Press, "Climate change not a presidential election issue yet", 8/12, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57489676/climate-change-not-a-presidential-election-issue-yet/) Barack Obama promised to tackle ~…~ outcome of this election." 2AC China Bashing Romney won’t bash, Obama just as bad for relations, and no impact to relations Dingli 10/17 - director of the Center for American Studies at Fudan University Shen, 10/17/12, "Red State" http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/17/why_china_wants_romney_to_win Candidate Romney’s repeated promise ~…~ 2008 U.S. presidential campaign. 2AC Russia Relations No war Weitz 11 (Richard, senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor 9/27/2011, "Global Insights: Putin not a Game-Changer for U.S.-Russia Ties," http://www.scribd.com/doc/66579517/Global-Insights-Putin-not-a-Game-Changer-for-U-S-Russia-Ties-http://www.scribd.com/doc/66579517/Global-Insights-Putin-not-a-Game-Changer-for-U-S-Russia-Ties) Fifth, there will inevitably be ~…~, that will constrain whoever is in charge of Russia. Romney doesn’t destroy relations Gasyuk ’12 Alexander Gasyuk is Rossiyskaya Gazeta’s Washington D.C. correspondent., "Romney keeps the gloves off," 6/13/12 rbth.ru/articles/2012/06/13/romney_keeps_the_gloves_off_15854.html AD 10/6/12 Since public opinion polls show that ~…~ approach to handling bilateral ties.
	11/01/2012	T-Financial Incentives Tournament: harvard \| Round: 5 \| Opponent: gonzaga hn \| Judge: stahl T Financial incentives include grants, tax credits and loan guarantees. Jacobs et al, 2009 Wendy B. Jacobs, Director, Harvard Environmental Law and Policy Clinic, Leah Cohen, Leah Kostakidis-Lianos, Sara Rundell, Discussion Paper, "Proposed Roadmap For Overcoming Legal and Financial Obstacles to Carbon Capture and Sequestration" March, belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2009-04_ETIP_Jacobs_et_al.pdf Financial incentives such as … share of the project costs. It’s predictable ACEEE No Date "Financial Incentives for Energy Efficiency," American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, http://www.aceee.org/topics/financial-incentives-energy-efficiency Financial incentives can take … that sell efficient equipment.
	11/01/2012	2ac QER Tournament: harvard \| Round: 5 \| Opponent: gonzaga hn \| Judge: stahl QER No implementation – QER won’t begin, and Congress won’t fund it Barlas ’12 Stephen, Columnist @ Financial Executive, 1/1/12 http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Does+the+US+really+need+an+energy+policy%3F%3A+ever+since+the+Arab+oil...-a0279139186 AD 10/4/12 But it is highly unlikely that Obama’s … by the 2005 and 2007 energy bills are still begging for appropriations. Perm: do the counterplan 1. It’s not severance- certainty and immediacy aren’t mandates of the plan- they’re just assumptions of normal means a) If they say yes, the counterplan is resolved too b) Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases 2 Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition" Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373 Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for …, but not mandatory. ORS 654.005 et seq.——Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556. —-Labor %26 Emp. 2857 3. Severance is justified when counterplans compete off of certainty 4. The aff should get to define the scope of the plan’s mandate a. Most real world- no policymaker controls implementation b. Checks abusive interpretations of fiat that hurt neg ground- we don’t fiat solvency 5. Counterplans must be functionally and textually competitive. Predictable for the aff and solves the counterplan race to the bottom: delay, condition, steal funding, etc. while also limiting out word PICs. Links to politics Marburger ’10 Lindsey Marburger, 11/30/10, manages the Earth Systems Program, overseeing Federation of American Scientists’ work in building technologies, energy efficiency and energy technology training and safety, and systems resource analysis, "PCAST Federal Energy Policy Report Released", http://www.fas.org/blog/nutshell/2010/11/pcast-federal-energy-policy-report-released/ AD 10/4/12 While changing the timescale from … branch to act upon the results and recommendations of the QER. Causes delay PCAST, ’10 ~President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 11-10, "REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON ACCELERATING THE PACE OF CHANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED FEDERAL ENERGY POLICY," http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf~~ Our most important recommendation is … robust 21st century energy system.
	11/01/2012	2ac OTEC Tournament: harvard \| Round: 5 \| Opponent: gonzaga hn \| Judge: stahl OTEC CP Doesn’t solve— Tech and feasibility issues Dayton 10 (Marisol, science and energy writer for Helium.com, "The advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy," January 23, 2010, http://www.helium.com/items/1720046-pros-and-cons-of-thermal-energy-solar-energy-geothermal-energy-ocean-thermal-energy?page=2, JSkoog) Geothermal energy refers to … cost-savings and efficiency worth waiting for.
	11/01/2012	2ac production/consumption k Tournament: harvard \| Round: 7 \| Opponent: cal ip \| Judge: michael hart Production/Consumption K Perm do the plan and all non-mutually exclusive parts of the alternative Solves better and the aff is a net benefit Bryant and Goodman 4 - * PhD in Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, Professor of Communication Studies Raymond and Michael, "Consuming Narratives: The Political Ecology of ’Alternative’ Consumption," Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 29, No. 3 The consumption practices of the … networks of production and development. Plan focus is key – A) it’s the only stable and predictable point for offense B) its key to fairness because any other framework moots the 1ac. Even incomplete knowledge is sufficient – specificity is key Kratochwil 8 – professor of international relations – European University Institute Friedrich, "The Puzzles of Politics," pg. 200-213 The lesson seems clear. Even at the … recalcitrant to analytical treatment. IGCC nsures environmentally sustainable coal use Meyer 7 – Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Mark, "IGCC: BENEFITS, COSTS, AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE USE IN WISCONSIN," Public Service Commission, http://psc.wi.gov/initiatives/cleanCoal/documents/IGCCFinalReport.pdf Coal is the dominant source of … operating experience with IGCC.1 Coal use is inevitable – can’t wish it away – a pragmatic approach to emissions is key to avoid the worst impacts of climate change Reisinger 9 – JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council Will, "RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE," Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf In the United States and around the … and ultimately enable CCS to reduce GHG emissions worldwide. Limiting coal consumption collapses the economy Sullivan 10 – Professor of Economics @ National Defense University Paul, "CCT is a medium term global solution," http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2010/08/how-viable-is-clean-coal.php~~%231616515 Given the importance of coal … with energy sources such as coal. Changing individual consumption patterns is insufficient – resources are globally fungible -this evidence is food specific, but relevant because of fossil fuel inputs into agriculture Baker 4 Juliana, Discussions of Meat: Now, It’s Not Personal%21, World Watch 17 no5 6-7 S/O 2004 World Watch’s July/August cover ..one of the burgeoning Asian markets. Focus on aesthetics legitimizes the status quo—beauty can be found within even the most horrible circumstances White 87 – Professor of Comparative Literature Hayden, Professor of Comparative Literature at Stanford University, The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse %26 Historical Representation, p. 71 This aestheticism underwrites the … development of ~one’s~ his own society might take. Limiting consumption fails – we can make current consumption practices ecologically sustainable Martens and Spaargaren 5 - * Researcher at the Environmental Policy Group at Wageningen University, Professor of Environmental Policy @ Wageningen Martens, S. %26 Spaargaren, G. 2005. The politics of sustainable consumption: the case of the Netherlands. Sustainability: Science, Practice, %26 Policy 1(1):29-42. Proquest We argue that policymakers should … over the last several decades.
	11/01/2012	2ac fiscal cliff Tournament: harvard \| Round: 7 \| Opponent: cal ip \| Judge: michael hart Fiscal Cliff Lame duck congress won’t do anything Marcus 10/27 (Ruth, "Lame-duck Congress can avoid the ’cliff’", 10/27/12, http://www.thenorthwestern.com/article/20121028/OSH0602/310280169/Lame-duck-Congress-can-avoid-cliff~-~-http://www.thenorthwestern.com/article/20121028/OSH0602/310280169/Lame-duck-Congress-can-avoid-cliff-) Betting on Congress to do something … of consequence is even more foolhardy. Romney wins the election Merkel 10/24 Jesse, Reporter, Policy Mic, "Presidential Debate Polls 2012: Romney and Obama are Tied at 47 Percent, But Romney is the One Trending", http://www.policymic.com/articles/17009/presidential-debate-polls-2012-romney-and-obama-are-tied-at-47-percent-but-romney-is-the-one-trending Eight months ago, Mitt Romney was … machine from churning to victory. No impact to fiscal cliff and congress has more flexibility than your authors admit Drum, 10/3 Kevin, economist at Mother Jones, http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2012/10/whos-afraid-fiscal-cliff I’m not so sure about that. In … well be willing to do a deal. Plan is extremely popular with a large group of Senators Reisinger 9 – JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council Will, "RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE," Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf Princeton’s dispassionate assessment … Senators whose states depend on this economy." 28 Shimkus supports the plan Bloomberg 11 ~News Site, business and financial market news, "Solyndra Critics Sought US Aid for Coal," 10/31/11, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-31/solyndra-critics-sought-u-s-aid-for-coal.html~~//SH The technology backed by Shimkus, … investment," the report found. He’s key to the agenda – experience and clout Townsquare Media 12 ~News Organization, 5/8/12, http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/external/pre-election/bios/1285.html?SITE=WKXWFMELN%26SECTION=PREELECTION%26TEMPLATE=DEFAULT~~//SH Shimkus has focused on energy … clout to fight for other issues. Winners win. Marshall and Prins ’11 – Associate Professors of Political Science Bryan W Marshall, associate professor of political science at Miami Universityand Brandon C Prins, associate professor of political science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville%26 Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, "Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force". September 2011. Presidential Studies Quarterly 41, no. 3. Presidents rely heavily on Congress … managing political capital at home (Fordham 2002). Political capital not key to the agenda -their evidence misuses the term -ideological and partisan leanings outweigh Dickinson 9 – Professor of Political Science Matthew, professor of political science at Middlebury College and taught previously at Harvard University where he worked under the supervision of presidential scholar Richard Neustadt, 5-26-2009, Presidential Power: A NonPartisan Analysis of Presidential Politics, "Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power," http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/-http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/ As for Sotomayor, from here … to play Halo III on his Xbox. No impact on the military Adams 10/17 - professor of international relations at the School of International Service at American University and Distinguished Fellow at the Stimson Center Gordon, 10/17/12, "The Fiscal Slide" http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/17/the_fiscal_slide But does this mean the end … might just be as safe as it ever was.
	11/10/2012	1AC-China Impact Tournament: Wake \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: Gtown AM \| Judge: Chinese pollution causes CCP collapse – causes conflicts throughout the region. Nankivell ‘9 Nathan Nakivell, Senior Researcher at the Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Canadien Department of National Defence. “China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability”. Asia-Pacific Journal. 3/21/2009. http://japanfocus.org/-Nathan-Nankivell/1799 As the impact of pollution on security assumptions in the region. Threats to the CCP cause WMD use Renxing 5 The CCP’s Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. San Renxing Aug 08, 2005. http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-8/30931.html. Since the Party’s life is “ with their lives. Goes global Plate 3 Tom, UCLA professor, Straits Times, June 28, LN. But, while White House now seems to prefer. IGCC solves air pollution Wilson 5 - Electric Power Research Institute Tom, “Financial Incentives for Deployment of IGCC: A CoalFleet Working Paper,” http://www.dleg.state.mi.us/mpsc/electric/capacity/cnf/central/igcc_incentives.pdf Air Quality Benefits 99% of sulfur and 90-95% of mercury.
	11/10/2012	2AC-Case-CO2 Ag Answers Tournament: Wake \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: \| Judge: We control uniqueness – ag collapsing now Gillis 11 Justin Gillis, Editor @ NYT, 6-11-2011, “A Warming Planet Struggles to Feed Itself,” Factiva Sitting with a group of season is also shrinking.” Latest research proves that Co2 inhibits plant growth-even if it increases marginally in parts of the world, there is a net decrease in food production Prothero 12 (M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. degrees in geological sciences from Columbia University, and a B.A. in geology and biology from the University of California, Riverside, Professor of Geology at Occidental College in Los Angeles, and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, “How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused” Skeptic. Altadena: 2012. Vol. 17, Iss. 2; pg. 14, 10 pgs, proquest) HDG Despite the global geochemistry, or if they are being cynically disingenuous. Co2 doesn’t boost yields – any evidence of growth is short-term and hypothetical Jackson 9 – Research molecular biologist @ USDA Eric, 2009, “The international food system and the climate crisis,” The Panama News, Lexis A major weakness in the important reductions in yield.
	11/10/2012	2AC-DA-Renewables Tournament: Wake \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: \| Judge: Turn – plan leads to more investment in renewables and only trades off with marginal projects Mills 11 - *MSc in Geological Sciences @ Cambridge Robin, “Capturing Carbon: The New Weapon in the War Against Climate Change,” Google Book There is an idea that are likely to be displaced by CCS. Intermittency means renewables fail Inhaber 12 Herbert, President of Risk Concepts, a consulting firm, 5/17/12, “The Impossible Dream? Why Renewables Won't Reduce CO2 Emissions by Much” http://www.renewablesbiz.com/article/12/05/impossible-dream-why-renewables-wont-reduce-co2-emissions-much The solution to looming would be lost in the process. Clean coal is key and doesn’t compete with other green approaches Fallows 10 - national correspondent for The Atlantic James, “Dirty Coal, Clean Future,” The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/12/dirty-coal-clean-future/8307/ The proposition that coal and then we need more.”
	11/10/2012	2AC-DA-Fiscal Cliff Tournament: Wake \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: \| Judge: No internal link to economic collapse Stone 9/24 Chad. Chief Economist at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Misguided “Fiscal Cliff” Fears Pose Challenges to Productive Budget Negotiations. 9/24/12. http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=3788. The federal budget is intermediate and longer run. No impact to sequestration - Administration insulating any impact to sequestration Herb 10/7 Jeremy Herb, 10-7-2012, “Obama administration’s promised payouts to defense firms likely unneeded” The Hill, http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/budget-appropriations/260605-obama-administrations-promised-payouts-to-defense-firms-likely-unneeded The Obama administration Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Coal lobby pushing CCS Tady 7 - national political reporter Megan, “Carbon Capture: Miracle Cure for Global Warming, or Deadly Liability?,” Alternet, http://www.alternet.org/environment/68490/?page=4 "We have to figure out to have clean coal be a possibility." The Coal Lobby shields Choma 12 Russ Choma, 4-5-2012, “Two Years After Mine Disaster, Coal Lobby Is Still Growing,” http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2012/04/blankenship-may-be-gone-but-coal-lo.html But the departure of or resisting new legislation.
	11/10/2012	2AC-K-Neolib Tournament: Wake \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: \| Judge: Perm solves the worst excesses of their neoliberalism impacts, while retaining benefits of globalization on human welfare. Bovill and Leppard ‘6 Catherine Bovill and Margaret Leppard, Centre for Academic Practice, Queen Margaret University College. “Population policies and education: exploring the contradictions of neo-liberal globalization”. Globalisation, Societies and Education. Vol. 4, No. 3, November 2006, pp. 393–414. EbscoHost. Alternative voices using the market mechanism. The system is sustainable and self-correcting Goklany 7 – PhD in Engineering Indur, Julian Simon Fellow at the Political Economy Research Center, PhD, Now For the Good News, http://www.reason.com/news/show/119252.html Environmentalists and globalization breed stagnation or regression. Limiting consumption fails – we can make current consumption practices ecologically sustainable Martens and Spaargaren 5 - * Researcher at the Environmental Policy Group at Wageningen University, Professor of Environmental Policy @ Wageningen Martens, S. and Spaargaren, G. 2005. The politics of sustainable consumption: the case of the Netherlands. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy 1(1):29-42. Proquest We argue that policymakers the last several decades.
	11/10/2012	2AC-Case-Warming Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Universal agreement that we haven’t hit tipping point Watts 11 – Meteorologist, founder of the Surface Stations Project, a volunteer initiative to document the siting quality of weather stations across the United States Anthony, “NOAA’s Susan Solomon, still pushing that 2 degrees in spite of limited options,” http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/11/21/noaas-susan-solomon-still-pushing-that-2-degrees-in-spite-of-limited-options/ From the University of Exeter carbon-free in the long run.” Some warming is inevitable, but we can reduce the magnitude -Cites Alex Hall Professor @ UCLA Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pollard 12 Logan, 8/19/12, Huffington Post “Is Global Warming Inevitable? A Case Study” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/logan-nakyanzi-pollard/global-warming-inevitable_b_1793487.html So, is warming inevitable and more like a beach ball. Linearity matters – keeping temperatures relatively low is necessary to avoid constant and unending future adaptation --depending on 1nc, this card also may work as a consumption K link Hamilton 10 – Professor of Public Ethics @ ANU Clive Hamilton, Professor of Public Ethics in Australia, 2010, “Requiem for a Species: Why We Resist the Truth About Climate Change,” pg 29-30 Underlying the discussion of described, mass extinctions are likely.
	01/06/2013	1ac disaster response Tournament: utd \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: ou by \| Judge: Plan The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States. Contention 1: Solvency Solar key to effective disaster response Young ’03 William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf Experience has shown … operations under these circumstances? Solar emergency generators are the key to effective stable energy supplies in an emergency Spisak ’11 John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ … the security and the solutions. Only solar solves – no supply routes for diesel DOE 99 Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf When disaster strikes, electric … for more than a few days. The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disaster Corps Results 09 "Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12 The Corps is committed to … systems and computer¶ systems. Contention 2: Disasters The effects of natural disasters are not natural, but rather determined by a social calculus—Katrina has exposed the discrimination of violence to underprivileged persons Smith 6 - Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the CUNY Graduate Center Neil, 6/11/06, "There’s No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster" http://www.masteramericanstudies.unito.it/courses/dawson_course/Smith,%20Natural%20Disaster.pdf It is generally accepted among … ethnicity and social class. Katrina highlighted the inherent racism in policymaking Stivers 7 – Professor and Distinguished Scholar of Public Administration in the Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs at Cleveland State University Camilla, 12/7/07, ""So Poor and So Black": Hurricane Katrina, Public Administration, and the Issue of Race" Public Administration Review Volume 67, Issue Supplement s1, pages 48–56 It is impossible to … diversity or preparedness training. And, the logic of racism is a structural necessity for war Mendieta ’2 Eduardo, SUNY @ Stony Brook, Meeting of the Foucault Circle from To make live and to let die – Foucault on Racism, April 25 This is where racism intervenes… are biological in nature. And, racism is also structurally violent and intrinsically unjust Memmi 2k Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163 The struggle against racism … but the stakes are irresistible. This is a question of violence that occurs against normal people every day- deprioritize questions of uniqueness and timeframe and investigate the structures most likely to produce injustice Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ’4 (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22) This large and at first sight … "state of emergency" (Taussig, Chapter 31). You should frame your decision in terms of pedagogical impact- using the debate space to criticize violent structures expands the boundaries of our consciousness and creates research practices that are more sensitive to slow, everyday violence- that’s a pre-requisite to effective use of science and empiricism Nixon ’11 (Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 14-16) How do we bring home-and … to the corporate media. Facilitating access to life saving technologies is critical to embracing an ethic of care Lawson 8 Victoria Lawson a¶ a Department of Geography, University of Washington¶ Victoria Lawson (2007): Geographies of Care and Responsibility, Annals of the Association of American¶ Geographers, 97:1, 1-11 ¶ Within geospatial analysis …able to help¶ themselves.¶ ====The ethic of care of the 1AC spills over to larger social inequalities and the orientation of disaster relief as the starting point for that ethic allows us to establish a model for future ethical acts==== Carse and Nelson, 96 Alisa L. Carse, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and a Senior Research Fellow at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University and Hilda Lindemann Nelson, M.A., is Director of the Center for Applied and Professional Ethics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 6.1 (1996) 19-35 Many critics argue that care… relationship and interaction. Our plan is an academic intervention- it represents a historic and political act that links the history of racial violence in the United States to social disorder during disasters. Focusing on these methodological questions is the only relevant addition that debaters can make to the academic community. Apple and Beane ’7 Michael W. Apple and James A. Beane, Democratic Schools, January 30, 2007, Chapter One: The Case for Democratic Schools We have chosen to include … have no legitimate reason for existence. This examination in the context of disasters provides the power to change social life on a political and personal scale Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3 Katrina reveals that we are … indifferent in the face of death. Failure to act represents incompetence and an ethical failure of the government Adams and Balfour 7 – PhD, Professor @ Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs PhD, Professor @ Grand Valley State University Guy and Danny, May 2007, "Leadership, Administrative Evil and the Ethics of Incompetence: Lessons from Katrina and Iraq" http://www.ipa.udel.edu/3tad/papers/workshop6/Adams%26Balfour.pdf Incompetence refers to the …, to which we now turn. Challenging these inequalities in the context of energy is key Miller et al 11* Lee Miller, PhD, Associate Professor Department of Sociology Sam Houston State University, Robert Antonio, PhD Sociology Professor @ KU, and Alessandro Bonanno, Sam Houston State University Distinguished Professor, and a Texas State University System Professor, of Sociology, September 2011, "Hazards of neoliberalism: delayed electric power restoration after Hurricane Ike" The British Journal of Sociology Volume 62, Issue 3, pages 504–522 This article analyses the … more susceptible to disasters.
	01/12/2013	New Plan Tournament: UNT \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: UMKC BS \| Judge: Zagorin The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems from companies who comply with the Solar Industry Environment and Social Responsibility Commitment for its training exercises and activities in response to emergencies in the United States.
	01/12/2013	2AC Cap K Tournament: UTD \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: OU BY \| Judge: Sabino 2AC The refusal to hold the government responsible for disaster preparedness and response result in the marking of racialized populations as expendable in favor of the smooth functioning of the market. Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3 Soon after Hurricane … in color-blind America. Only intersectional approach to uncovering oppression avoids the drawbacks of single-category or additive methods Tatli and Ozbilgin 11 - PhD, Senior Lecturer in International Human Resource Management @ Queens, Professor of Organisational Behaviour at Brunel Business School Ahu and Mustafa, "An emic approach to intersectional study of diversity at work: A Bourdieuan Framing, http://brunel.academia.edu/MustafaOzbilgin/Papers/1112122/An_emic_approach_to_intersectional_study_of_diversity_at_work_A_Bourdieuan_framing In this paper, we argue … of diversity in the workplace. That’s key to avoiding essentialism that turns the K McPhail 94* – Professor of Communication @ Wayne State Mark, Professor in Dept of Comm @ Wayne State, THE RHETORIC OF RACISM, pp. 122-125 Brand Blanshard (1940) … are grounded in coherence. Zizek’s alternative yields authoritarian violence which turns the k – the method of the aff is superior Critchley 8 - English professor @ The New School Simon Critchley, May 2008, "Resistance is Utile: Critchley responds to Zizek" http://slackbastard.anarchobase.com/?p=1147 As Carl Schmitt reminds us … You will get one." Zizek’s alternative is political nihilism – they have no example of a successful anti-capitalist struggle Laclau 4 - Professor of Political Theory at the University of Essex and Visiting Professor of Comparative Literature at SUNY-Buffalo Ernesto Laclau, 2004, Umbr(a): War, p. 33-34 Here we reach the crux … Ergo: political nihilism. Warming won’t cause extinction Barrett, professor of natural resource economics – Columbia University, 7 (Scott, Why Cooperate? The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods, introduction) First, climate change does … much more about it by now. Ordering class above race fails – racial justice is key to coalition-building – spills over to immigration policy Hayduk and Jones 8 – City University of New York Ron and Susanna, Immigrants and Race in the US: Are Class-Based Alliances Possible?, Socialism and Democracy, Vol. 22, Issue 3, November 2008 , pages 75 – 95, InformaWorld Although there is nothing … embracing the cause of immigrants. The state is inevitable – our obligation is to make it as ethical as possible Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, "The Third: Levinas’ theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics," Philosophy %26 Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6 Since ’it is impossible to … what it wants to secure. 1AR Alt fails Grossberg 92 – Communication Studies Professor, UNC (Lawrence, We Gotta Get Out of This Place, p 388-90) If it is capitalism that is at … vague to provide any direction.
	01/12/2013	2AC Ecopedagogy K Tournament: UTD \| Round: 4 \| Opponent: Vermont BM \| Judge: Bunas Policy focus in terms of energy is the only prescription for change Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ’92 (Carol J., "Democratizing Technology: Citizen %26 State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990" Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70) During this phase, the … in modern technological society.61 The state is inevitable – our obligation is to make it as ethical as possible Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, "The Third: Levinas’ theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics," Philosophy %26 Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6 Since ’it is impossible to … of what it wants to secure. The refusal to hold the government responsible for disaster preparedness and response result in the marking of racialized populations as expendable in favor of the smooth functioning of the market. Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3 Soon after Hurricane Katrina … in color-blind America. Failure to envision ourselves as the government obliterates the ideal of public reason. It leaves us without a coherent grounding for interacting with the state. Rawls ’99 John Rawls, bad-ass, The Law of Peoples, 1999, p. 136-137 I now turn to a discussion … that satisfy this principle. The thought-space promoted by the 1ac has unique value – promotes change centered education that can create liberatory politics Rawls 99 John, The most important philosopher of the 20^th Century, The Law of Peoples, 56-57 How is the ideal of public … understanding among peoples. Even if the jargon is inaccessible it creates modes of analysis that are critical to analyzing public policy and evaluation outside debate. Muir 93—Dept of Comms @ George Mason Star, A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate, Philosophy %26 Rhetoric, Vol. 26, No. 4 (1993), JSTOR Even the specialized jargon … controversies of public importance. The environment is resilient; human impact is minimal Easterbrook 96 (Gregg, sr editor, The New Republic, former fellow at the Brookings Institute, A Movement on the Earth, p. 25) LL "Fragile environment" has become … is accustomed to resisting. People won’t enact personal lifestyle changes without government action- their alternative won’t snowball to solve anything Owens 2k- prof @ Cambridge in Environment and Policy Susan, "Environment and Planning A, v32, p. 1143-4 Mostly, however, people do … 1999; Thompson and Rayner, 1998).
	01/12/2013	2AC Communities CP Tournament: UTD \| Round: 6 \| Opponent: UNI SS \| Judge: Fifelski The refusal to hold the government responsible for disaster preparedness and response result in the marking of racialized populations as expendable in favor of the smooth functioning of the market. Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3 Soon after Hurricane Katrina … existed in color-blind America. The state is inevitable – our obligation is to make it as ethical as possible Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, "The Third: Levinas’ theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics," Philosophy %26 Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6 Since ’it is impossible … it wants to secure.
	01/12/2013	2AC Heidegger K Tournament: UTD \| Round: 6 \| Opponent: UNI SS \| Judge: Fifelski Our infusion of Levinasian ethics into politics is the only way to solve political concerns – focus on ontology cannot make material change or alter existing systems – this evidence is comparative Kioupkiolis 11 – Lecturer in Political Organization at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Alexandros, "Keeping it open: Ontology, ethics, knowledge and radical democracy," Philosophy %26 Social Criticism vol. 37 no. 6 As he understands it, the … that fight global inequities. Even if they win ontology is inevitable – focus on it precludes possibilities to resistance against oppression Kioupkiolis 11 – Lecturer in Political Organization at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Alexandros, "Keeping it open: Ontology, ethics, knowledge and radical democracy," Philosophy %26 Social Criticism vol. 37 no. 6 Ontology may be pertinent … without predefined bounds. An ethic of care is critical to an ontology of social relations Lawson 8 Victoria Lawson a¶ a Department of Geography, University of Washington¶ Victoria Lawson (2007): Geographies of Care and Responsibility, Annals of the Association of American¶ Geographers, 97:1, 1-11 ¶ I first consider how care ethics … for understanding our world. The logic of the slippery slope fallacy denies metaphysical freedom of individuals Wolcher 05 Louis E. Wolcher is the Charles I. Stone Professor of Law¶ Beyond Transcendence in Law and Philosophy (B…(Paperback)by Louis E. Wolcher Amazon Books p. 105-8 But this account of Kants … provable link between our opinions It’s impossible to determine an answer to being – ontological questioning results in an infinite regress and total political paralysis Levinas %26 Nemo ’85 Emmanuel, professor of philosophy, and Philippe, professor of new philosophy, Ethics and Infinity, pg. 6-7 Are we not in need of … itself, to escape being and essence.
	01/12/2013	2AC Post-Politics K Tournament: UNT \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: UMKC BS \| Judge: Zagorin Despite the corporatization of education it still has use and we can change our pedagogical sites Giroux 4 – Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University Henry, 1/26/04, "Higher Education is More Than a Corporate Logo" http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Jan04/Giroux0126.htm Anyone who spends … rights, identities, and social relations. The refusal to hold the government responsible for disaster preparedness and response result in the marking of racialized populations as expendable in favor of the smooth functioning of the market. Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3 Soon after Hurricane Katrina … in color-blind America. The alt is colorblindness which fails to resolve and only entrenches racism Giroux and Pozo 4 – Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University doctoral student @ UCSD Henry and Michael, 9/25/04, "An Educator�s Reflections on the Crisis in Education and Democracy in the US: An Interview with Henry A. Giroux" http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Sept04/Pozo0925.htm HG- Racial justice has … for American progressives. Only intersectional approach to uncovering oppression avoids the drawbacks of single-category or additive methods Tatli and Ozbilgin 11* - PhD, Senior Lecturer in International Human Resource Management @ Queens, Professor of Organisational Behaviour at Brunel Business School Ahu and Mustafa, "An emic approach to intersectional study of diversity at work: A Bourdieuan Framing, http://brunel.academia.edu/MustafaOzbilgin/Papers/1112122/An_emic_approach_to_intersectional_study_of_diversity_at_work_A_Bourdieuan_framing In this paper, we argue for … of diversity in the workplace. That’s key to avoiding essentialism that turns the K McPhail 94* – Professor of Communication @ Wayne State Mark, Professor in Dept of Comm @ Wayne State, THE RHETORIC OF RACISM, pp. 122-125 Brand Blanshard (1940) concurs: … that are grounded in coherence. And, you should be skeptical of their epistemology- it overdetermines the role class plays and imposes identity upon people- allows manipulation Tatli and Ozbilgin 11 - PhD, Senior Lecturer in International Human Resource Management @ Queens, Professor of Organisational Behaviour at Brunel Business School Ahu and Mustafa, "An emic approach to intersectional study of diversity at work: A Bourdieuan Framing, http://brunel.academia.edu/MustafaOzbilgin/Papers/1112122/An_emic_approach_to_intersectional_study_of_diversity_at_work_A_Bourdieuan_framing As explained in the previous … relevance across time and place. That ability to manipulate causes extinction Foucault 78* Michel Foucault, Professor of the History of Systems of Thought, Collège de France, THE HISTORY OF SEXUALITY VOLUME 1: AN INTRODUCTION, 1978, p. 135-137. For a long time, one of the … phenomena of population. Their root-cause arguments are pedantic and cause the alt to turn into Stalinism instead of an effective revolution Levin 98 – President of Yale Richard Levin, president of Yale, 1998, The Minnesota Review, 48-49, http://www.theminnesotareview.org/journal/ns48/levin.htm As a result of this view of the … although with less lethal results. Alt fails Grossberg 92 – Communication Studies Professor, UNC (Lawrence, We Gotta Get Out of This Place, p 388-90) If it is capitalism that is at stake … to provide any direction.
	01/12/2013	2AC Ableist Language K Tournament: UTD \| Round: 7 \| Opponent: UGA HP \| Judge: Lundeen Language doesn’t shape reality- cultural differences shape language differences not the other way around- they can’t win an internal link to their impact McWhorter ’10 (John, The New Republic, September 2, 2010, Don’t Believe the Hype About Aborigines, Yiddish, or Ebonics, http://www.tnr.com/blog/john-mcwhorter/77631/dont-believe-the-hype-about-aborigines-yiddish-or-ebonics?passthru=NTYzYWMzYjE4YWIxYTA3ZmYwNDA3M2EyNDE0NTM3ODU-http://www.tnr.com/blog/john-mcwhorter/77631/dont-believe-the-hype-about-aborigines-yiddish-or-ebonics?passthru=NTYzYWMzYjE4YWIxYTA3ZmYwNDA3M2EyNDE0NTM3ODU) But don’t we all cherish … the cart before the horse. pure rejection of terms leads to linguistic idealism and leaves us unable to address material reality- only juxtaposing terms through the permutation can create space for productive dissent Bleiker 2k (Roland, Ass. Prof. of International Relations @ Queensland U, Popular Dissent, Human Agency, and Global Politics, pgs. 224-226) Noam Chomsky provides another … transversal discursive dynamics. Linguistic idealism is a net benefit to the perm- their obsession with language trades off with material focus and makes oppression and violence inevitable- only the perm productively criticizes language Taft-Kaufman ’95 (Jill, Professor of Speech – CMU, Southern Communication Journal, Vol. 60, Issue 3, Spring) The postmodern passwords … budgets that fuel them.
	01/12/2013	2AC Buddhism K [UTD] Tournament: UTD \| Round: 7 \| Opponent: UGA HP \| Judge: Lundeen The alternative doesn’t produce inner peace – more likely to induce violence Horgan 3 - awards include two Science Journalism Awards from the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Association of Science Writers Science-in-Society Award John, "Buddhist Retreat," Slate, 2-12, http://www.slate.com/id/2078486/-http://www.slate.com/id/2078486/ The major vehicle for achieving … and should be, escaped. Causes a side-stepping of compassion Slabbert 1 - Taoist teacher and philosopher Jos, "The Power of Faith in Tao", http://www.taoism.net/theway/power.htm Even if they should agree … system practiced in India. The alternative is rooted in narcissism —even shedding the ego presumes that the universe was created for our spiritual quests Horgan 3 - awards include two Science Journalism Awards from the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Association of Science Writers Science-in-Society Award John, "Buddhist Retreat," Slate, 2-12, http://www.slate.com/id/2078486/-http://www.slate.com/id/2078486/ Some Western Buddhists have … form of spirituality can.
	01/12/2013	2AC Immigration Reform-LA Relations Tournament: UTD \| Round: Doubles \| Opponent: Wake CV \| Judge: Box, Munday, Moore Relations high now Cynkar 12 (Peter, "Opinion Briefing: U.S.-Latin America Relations", April 12, 2012, http://www.gallup.com/poll/153857/opinion-briefing-latin-america-relations.aspx-http://www.gallup.com/poll/153857/opinion-briefing-latin-america-relations.aspx) Obama Administration’s Stance: … create energy partnerships. No single issue can tank relations – too many interdependent strategic concerns Monish Tourangbam, Associate Fellow, Observer Research Foundation, Delhi, 12/18 "Indo-US Relations: A Reality Check – Analysis," World Focus, Volume XXXIII, http://www.eurasiareview.com/18122012-indo-us-relations-a-reality-check-analysis/ There are indeed areas … two countries have envisioned. Clinton and Singh’s visits overcome any tensions Monish Tourangbam, Associate Fellow, Observer Research Foundation, Delhi, 12/18 "Indo-US Relations: A Reality Check – Analysis," World Focus, Volume XXXIII, http://www.eurasiareview.com/18122012-indo-us-relations-a-reality-check-analysis/ And, despite a few hiccups … one that has "emerged".
	01/12/2013	2AC Politics [UTD] Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Emergency funding bipartisan Helderman ’11 Rosalind S., Washington Post Politics, "Bipartisan coalition to push for more FEMA funding," 9/8/11, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/bipartisan-coalition-to-push-for-more-fema-funding/2011/09/08/gIQA9WjfCK_blog.html AD 10/26/12 A new bipartisan coalition … from this catastrophe." Their political capital and horsetrading arguments are just apologia for a system that calculates white bodies as more valuable than colored bodies. You should vote aff because of their academic irresponsibility. Karlbeg ’2 Michael Karlberg, 2002, Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication of Westem Washington University, doctorate at the School of Communications. Simon Fraser University in Bumaby, BC, Summer 2002, (Partisan Branding and Media Spectacle: Implications for Democratic Communication, Democratic Communique’ 18, 1, page 13-14) Beyond these epistemological …ositions on all things political. Political capital isn’t key -tons of other factors are comparatively more important Beckmann and Kumar 11 Matt, Professor of Political Science, and Vimal, How presidents push, when presidents win: A model of positive presidential power in US lawmaking, Journal of Theoretical Politics 2011 23: 3 For political scientists, however, … improve his success. (Bond and Fleisher, 1990: 13)
	01/12/2013	2AC Politics [UNT] Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Emergency funding bipartisan Helderman ’11 Rosalind S., Washington Post Politics, "Bipartisan coalition to push for more FEMA funding," 9/8/11, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/bipartisan-coalition-to-push-for-more-fema-funding/2011/09/08/gIQA9WjfCK_blog.html AD 10/26/12 A new bipartisan coalition … from this catastrophe." Their political capital and horsetrading arguments are just apologia for a system that calculates white bodies as more valuable than colored bodies. You should vote aff because of their academic irresponsibility. Karlbeg ’2 Michael Karlberg, 2002, Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication of Westem Washington University, doctorate at the School of Communications. Simon Fraser University in Bumaby, BC, Summer 2002, (Partisan Branding and Media Spectacle: Implications for Democratic Communication, Democratic Communique’ 18, 1, page 13-14) Beyond these epistemological …ositions on all things political. The disad causes militarization of the public sphere makes critical reflection impossible and creates the conditions for inequality Giroux 12 Henry, 3/20/12, "Gated Intellectuals and Ignorance in Political Life: Toward a Borderless Pedagogy in the Occupy Movement" http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/8009-gated-intellectuals-and-ignorance-in-political-life-toward-a-borderless-pedagogy-in-the-occupy-movement A group of right-wing … responsibility only for oneself. Political capital isn’t key -tons of other factors are comparatively more important Beckmann and Kumar 11 Matt, Professor of Political Science, and Vimal, How presidents push, when presidents win: A model of positive presidential power in US lawmaking, Journal of Theoretical Politics 2011 23: 3 For political scientists, however, … improve his success. (Bond and Fleisher, 1990: 13)
	01/12/2013	2AC Util Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Util doesn’t work because democracy is broken—it serves special interests, not justice Pelton 5 Leroy H. Pelton professor in and former director of the School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Frames of Justice, 2005, pages 139-140, MC %26 JS The downside of democracy … rather than justice.
	01/12/2013	2AC Procurement Not T Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: We meet and Counterinterp – financial incentives are disbursement of public funds —-Topical affs: Grants, Contributions, loans, loan guarantees and insurance, subsidies, procurement contracts, tax expenditures —-Topic already broad because mandates incentives increase, not production increase – limits out regulatory incentives Webb ’93 Kernaghan, lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa "Thumbs, Fingers, and Pushing on String: Legal Accountability in the Use of Federal Financial Incentives", 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501 (1993) Hein Online In this paper, "financial incentives" … but they are not incentives. Govt definition – most predictable Gielecki et al ’01 Mark, Fred Mayes, Lawrence Prete, "Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy", Energy Information Administration (official energy statistics from the US government), Feburary 2001, http://www.eia.doe.g...ues/incent.html Over the years, incentives … would have been without the incentive.
	01/12/2013	2AC States CP Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Perm shields the link – Congress directs states to take the blame Overby ’03 A. Brooke, Professor of Law, Tulane University School of Law, "Our New Commercial Law Federalism." Temple University of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education Temple Law Review, Summer, 2003 76 Temp. L. Rev. HeinOnline AD 10/4/12 We held in Newv York … ameliorate them slightly.¶ Federal government can resist market forces that corrupt policies—states can’t Chomsky 97 – PhD in linguistics, Institute Professor and Professor (Emeritus) in the Department of Linguistics %26 Philosophy @ MIT Noam, April 1997, Interview with David Barsamian, http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/199704—.htm-http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/199704~-~-.htm I don’t know if you recall … that matter, to themselves. State procurement fails Schrader and Morton 5/17/12 – President of DRS International, LLC, and former deputy administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Preparedness Directorate; Strategic Advisor for DomPrep and Homeland Security Team Lead for the Project on National Security Reform (Dennis R. and John F., "Enterprising Solutions: Buying/Building New State %26 Local Preparedness Capabilities" Domestic Preparedness, http://www.domesticpreparedness.com/Infrastructure/CIP-R/Enterprising_Solutions%3A_Buying-%21Building_New_State_%26_Local_Preparedness_Capabilities/) Operational leaders in state/local … Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Federal action key over multiple jurisdictions Farber 06 Professor Daniel A. Farber¶ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY SCHOOL OF LAW DISASTERS AND THE LAW: THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF HURRICANE KATRINA http://www.law.berkeley.edu/library/disasters/Chhean_Kakkar.pdf In addition, the explicit possibility … pandemics or biological terrorism. States links to politics Kiely 12 EUGENE KIELY-http://www.factcheck.org/author/eugene-kiely/, Washington assignment editor USA today, February 17, 2012 Factcheck.org "Did Obama ’Approve’ Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?" http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/ Who’s to blame, if that’s … firms to build U.S. bridges.
	01/12/2013	2AC Buddhism K [UNT] Tournament: UNT \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: JCCC CP \| Judge: Munday The alt is colorblindness which fails to resolve and only entrenches racism Giroux and Pozo 4 – Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University doctoral student @ UCSD Henry and Michael, 9/25/04, "An Educator�s Reflections on the Crisis in Education and Democracy in the US: An Interview with Henry A. Giroux" http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Sept04/Pozo0925.htm HG- Racial justice has … valence for American progressives. The permutation of an ethic of care and a Buddhist ethic of compassion solves—the net benefit is the responsibility and competence of the aff White 99* – Association Professor, Institute of Management and International Entrepreneurship @ CSU Monterey Bay Judith, 1999, "Ethical Comportment in Organizations: A Synthesis of The Feminist Ethic of Care and the Buddhist Ethic of Compassion" International Journal of Value-Based Management 12: 109–128 At the foundation of both the … increasingly diverse¶ organization. The alternative doesn’t produce inner peace – more likely to induce violence Horgan 3 - awards include two Science Journalism Awards from the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Association of Science Writers Science-in-Society Award John, "Buddhist Retreat," Slate, 2-12, http://www.slate.com/id/2078486/-http://www.slate.com/id/2078486/ The major vehicle for … be, and should be, escaped.
	01/12/2013	2AC Anthro K Tournament: UNT \| Round: Doubles \| Opponent: Texas DS \| Judge: Zagorin, Abbas, Gordon We should combine anti-racist and anti-speciesist struggles Fox 11 (Katrina, Editor-in-chief of The Scavenger, "Racism versus speciesism: A moral battleground?", 13 February 2011, http://www.thescavenger.net/animals/racism-versus-speciesism-a-moral-battleground-575.html-http://www.thescavenger.net/animals/racism-versus-speciesism-a-moral-battleground-575.html) The conference wasn’t catered … and more marginalised. Ethics of Care are a pre-requisite to resolving non-human suffering – empathy for all beings is taught through critical policy analysis Donavon 6 - Josephine, Winter 2006, "Feminism and the Treatment of Animals: From Care to Dialogue" Signs Vol. 31, No. 2 But it is not just a matter of … animals may be established.15 Anti-anthropocentric rhetoric reinforces a more dominant frame of human value because they reify ideological opposition to respect for non-human life Hayward 97 ~PhD, Department of Politics at Edinburgh University, "Anthropocentrism: a Misunderstood Problem", Environmental Values~ Anthropocentrism, widely used as … counterproductive in practice.

Date

Entry

09/22/2012

1ac

Tournament: umkc | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
UMKC 1AC

Plan

The United States Department of Defense should increase procurement contracts for small modular nuclear reactors in the United States.

Contention 1: Military Effectiveness

DoD electric instillations are vulnerable – SMR solves

Robitaille 12

George 3-21 Dept. Army Civilian “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA561802

In recent years, the U.S Department of Defense (DoD) has identified a security issue at our installations related to the dependence on the civilian electrical grid. 1 The DoD depends … on the environment.

That’s key to military effectiveness

GAO 09

“DEFENSE CRITICAL¶ INFRASTRUCTURE” http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/297162.pdf

The Department of Defense … the missions they support.

Oil dependence kills forward mobility and effectiveness

Schaffer 12

(Julie Schaffer, Lt. Col. USMC Reserve, 3/20/12, “Marine Corps Energy: Instilling an Ethos of Energy Efficiency” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA562025)

Indeed, the entire DOD … death of a Marine. 22

This decimates future military operations—conventional fuel supplies are insufficient for future theatres

Schlossberg 11

(Andrew Scholssberg, Department of Political Science College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania, 4/8/11, “The Military Dimensions of Post-Cold War U.S. Oil Policy: Access to Oil and Consequences for Geostrategy” http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173andcontext=curej)

To OEPP planners, future … and combat effectiveness.

Oil will dictate future missions

Crowley et. al 7 *Thomas D. Crowley is a Policy Consultant for LMI **Tonya D. Corrie is a policy consultant for LMI ***David B. Diamond is a policy consultant for LMI****Stuart D. Funk is a policy Consultant for LMI*****Wilhelm A. Hansen, Andrea D. Stenhoff, and Daniel C. Swift are policy consultants for LMI******LMI is a governmental consulting organization [http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA467003, april 2007, “Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy”]

The goal of our … the long term.

That causes interventionist wars

Collina 05

(Tom Collina, research director @ Arms Control Association, 10/19/05, “Oil Dependence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Real Dangers, Realistic Solutions” http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/congress/2005_hr/051020-collina.pdf)

Bottom line: our … our dependence on oil.

SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve

Andres and Breetz 11

(Richard Andres, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair at INSS, and Hanna Breetz, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2011, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712)

Operational Vulnerability. Operational … of U.S. lives.

Reducing petroleum dependence sends a global signal of US strength and doesn’t sacrifice readiness

Parthemore and Nagl '10

Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston's Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12

A successful transition … years and decades to come.

Any of these would escalate into great power wars—American retrenchment collapse current restraints

Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank

America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/

This does not … of unrivalled US primacy.

Military strategy is inevitable – It’s only a question of success

Kagan 11 – Professor of National Security @ Georgetown

Robert, “The Price of Power,” The Weekly Standard, Lexis

Some may hope … built and defended.

DOD leadership ensures key reactor technology that solves DOD problems

Andres and Breetz 11

Technological Lock-in. … timeline and trajectory.

Risks of attacks are negligible

Andres and Breetz 11

Despite these potential … must deliver fuel.

SMRs are better than renewables – renewables don’t provide enough energy and don’t create smart grid

Loudermilk 11

(Micah Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 5/31/11, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs” http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375)

Renewable energy technologies … become a reality.

Contention 2: Manufacturing

US competitiveness is declining, threatening our economic model

Porter and Rivkin 12 - * Bishop William Lawrence University Professor ** Bruce V. Rauner Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School

(Michael E. Porter, Bishop William Lawrence University Professor, and Jan W. Rivkin, Bruce V. Rauner Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, March 2012, “The Looming Challenge to US Competitiveness” http://www.wedc.wa.gov/Download%20files/HBR_LoomingCompetiveness.pdf)

The American economy … the common interest.

Specifically US manufacturing is on the decline

USDOC 12

(Dept. of Commerce in consultation with the National Economic Council, January 2012, “The Competitiveness and Innovative Capacity of the United States” http://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2012/january/competes_010511_0.pdf)

While manufacturing continues … play a role.

Manufacturing is key – spills over to all other sectors

Sperling 12 – Director of the National Economic Council

(Gene Sperling, lawyer and political figure, currently serving as Director of the National Economic Council, 3/27/12, “REMARKS BY GENE SPERLING BEFORE THE CONFERENCE ON THE RENAISSANCE OF AMERICAN MANUFACTURING” http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/administration-official/sperling_-_renaissance_of_american_manufacturing_-_03_27_12.pdf)

Yet, we do … on our shore.

US is key to the global economy

Caploe 9

David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf

In the aftermath of … the Great Depression.

SMR is key to manufacturing

Crawford et al 11

David Senior Fellow, U.S. Nuclear Infrastructure Council, Harrison Akins Policy Fellow, U.S. Nuclear Infrastructure Council, Sept 28^th, “Promoting US Readiness for Developing the SMR Supply Chain”, http://asmedl.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdfandid=ASMECP002011054730000405000001andidtype=cvipsandprog=normal

According to EIA projections… independence for the future.

SMRs independently key to economy

ITA 11

(International Trade Administration, February 2011, “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors” http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf)

A primary advantage … United States.

Economic decline causes nuclear war

Harris and Burrows 9

Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf

Increased Potential for Global Conflict

Of course, the … eat-dog world.

US economic model is the key internal link to interdependence and multilateral cooperation. The alternative is competitive mercantilism that will destroy cooperation

Posen 9 - deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics

Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” http://clients.squareeye.com/uploads/foresight/documents/PN%20USA_FINAL_LR_1.pdf

In the postwar period, … the following priority measures.

Economic nationalism will collapse growth and prompt global war

Garten 9 – professor at the Yale School of Management

Jeffrey, “The Dangers of Turning Inward”, 3/5, Wall Street Journal, http://www.business.illinois.edu/aguilera/Teaching/WSJ09_Dangers_of_Turning_Inward.pdf

The last time … back into poverty?

Contention 3: Solvency

Incentives provided but they don’t solve

Lovering et al 9/7

(Jessica Lovering, policy analyst @ Breakthrough Institute, Ted Nordhaus, chairman of the Breakthrough Institute, and Michael Shellenberger, president of the Breakthrough Institute, 9/7/12, “Out of the Nuclear Closet” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet)

Nuclear has enjoyed … new commercial designs.

DoD has enormous procurement power—best way to develop

Fitzpatrick et al '11

Ryan, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy; Josh Freed is the Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way Mieke Eoyang is Director for National Security at Third Way ; Third Way is the leading think tank of the moderate wing of the progressive movement " Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance Clean Energy Technology... And Why It Has To ," http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CEAQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.thirdway.org%2Fpublications%2F414%2FThird_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdfandei=qvdLUMv9Bo369gS36IHQCgandusg=AFQjCNGb9TOO069aF0CT-EADvO8wsN9DjA June 2011 AD 9/8/12

Use the Procurement … higher upfront costs.

DoD key to SMR industry

Andres and Breetz 11

The “Valley of Death.” Given … technical viability.32

SMRs are cheap and can provide easy power to the US

Spencer and Loris 11

(Jack Spencer, esearch Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at the Heritage Foundation, and Nicolas Loris, Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation, 2/2/11, “A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?” http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors)

Why SMRs?

Small modular reactors … the United States.

SMRs allow mass production – reduces costs

Szondy 12

(David Szondy, freelance writer, 2/16/12, “Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?” http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/)

SMRs have a number of … site conventional reactors.

11/01/2012

1ac harvard

Tournament: harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: wake lm | Judge: Nick Ryan

1AC

1AC 2

Contention 1: warming

Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree

Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology
William, "Expert credibility in climate change," National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109
Preliminary reviews of scientific literature ~…~ and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.

Warming is real and human induced – consensus is on our side – numerous studies prove

Rahmstorf 8 – Professor of Physics of the Oceans
Richard, of Physics of the Oceans at Potsdam University, Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto, Edited by Ernesto Zedillo, "Anthropogenic Climate Change?," pg. 42-4
It is time to turn to statement B: human activities are ~…~ is a reality with which we need to deal.

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction

Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA
Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, "Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it," pg. 122
The best estimates for ~…~ profound social, cultural and political changes.

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions cause ocean acidification

Kerr 10 - PhD in chemical oceanography
Richard Kerr, 6-2010, "Ocean Acidification Unprecedented, Unsettling," Science, Science Magazine
Humans are caught up in a ~…~ emissions are so rapid that they are piling up in surface waters.

Extinction—emission reductions are critical to preventing this

Romm 2009
(Joe, a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 "Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm ~~%2388 on its list of 100 "people who are reinventing America." Time named him a "Hero of the Environment″ and "The Web~’s most influential climate-change blogger." Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw %241 billion in R%26D, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT, "Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary ," http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/,)
Global warming is "capable of ~…~ slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now.

IGCC solves GHG emissions from coal

Perusse et al 9
Brian Perusse, Matthew Riggins, Jeff Rodgers, Maury Zimring, July 2009, "Melting Down and Scaling Up: Stabilizing Climate Change by Promoting Private Sector Technology Development" Review of Policy Research¶ Volume 26, Issue 4, pages 511–531
Clean Technology Innovation: Clean Coal¶ ~…~, the cost-effectiveness of that removal decreases.

Solves 30 percent of emissions even without CCS

Kundi 11 – MS @ KU
Manish, "Is Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle with Carbon Capture-Storage the Solution for Conventional Coal Power Plants," http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/8745/1/Kundi%2c%20Manish%20EMGT%20Field%20Project.pdf
Most of the proposed IGCC ~…~ These reductions could be in ¶ range of 18-20% (Booras and Holt 2004).

US-driven IGCC is key to global modeling

Roberts, 04 – Contributor to Harper~’s Magazine, frequent speaker on National Public Radio and member of The New York Review, (Paul, "The End of Oil: on the Edge of a Perilous New World", pg. 232-4, USC Libraries)
Even as U.S. policies were ~…~ real manufacturing strength."

Carbon sequestration is key

Mack and Endemann 10 - *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation
Joel and Buck, "Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines," Energy Policy, http://lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub3385_1.pdf
At present, approximately 50% of ~…~ from global climate change. 8

Even if regulations aren~’t likely now, the plan is key to convincing the world that emissions can be cut without economic cost

MIT 7
Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, http://web.mit.edu/coal/
Washington, DC – Leading academics ~…~ systems should be greatly enhanced.

Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won~’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost

Apt et al 7 – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy
Jay, "Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration," Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (~…~ U.S. economy are shown in figure 28 below.

Only the federal government policies lead to climate modeling

Abbott and Kasprzyk 12 - *Ph.D. Associate Professor of Geography and Environmental Science at Stetson University Graduate at Indiana University
J. Anthony, and Kiryssa, "Hot Air: University Climate Action Plans and Disarticulated Federalism" The Professional Geographer
Volume 64, Issue 4, 2012
Although state-level climate policy ~…~ more relevant at multiple scales.

1AC 3

Contention 2: Economy

Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations

EPA 10 – US Environmental Protection Agency
"Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage," http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/downloads/CCS-Task-Force-Report-2010.pdf
While CCS can be applied to a variety ~…~ and assist in the creation of new technologies for export.

Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs

Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012
Cyrus, "Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network," 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis
In the United States, coal-fired power ~…~ the costs associated with electricity generation.

Collapses the economy

Cover, 11 – senior staff writer for CNS News, Washington D.C.-based newsgroup, winner of the Media Research Center~’s Outstanding Journalism Award, neutral newsgroup that does not accept federal tax money, (Matt, "EPA Global Warming Regulations Could Send Economy Back Into Recession, Report Says", CNS News, http://cnsnews.com/news/article/epa-global-warming-regulations-could-send-economy-back-recession-report-says)//JK
(CNSNews.com) – Regulation of greenhouse gasses ~…~ not for two years but permanently."

Coal affects all major sectors of the economy

Rose and Wei 6 - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University
Adam and Dan, "The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015," http://www.americaspower.org/sites/all/themes/americaspower/images/pdf/penn-state-study.pdf
We performed our analysis with the ~…~ effects throughout the U.S. economy.

US is key to the global economy

Caploe 9
David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf
In the aftermath of the G-20 ~…~ into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.

Nuclear war

Harris and Burrows 9
Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC~’s Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" ~~http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf~~~~
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the ~…~ a more dog-eat-dog world.

Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus

ACCCE 11
American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, "American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity," http://www.compasscoal.com/blog/
The United States continues to ~…~ the government invests.

That~’s key to faster growth

Applebaum 12 - *PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research
Eileen, 4-27, "Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth," http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/27/blame-budget-austerity-for-poor-gdp-growth
As the Obama administration~’s 2009 ~…~ over its economic policies. It should not choose austerity.

Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars

Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan
Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024
Today, economic and fiscal trends pose ~…~ aggressive moves in their regions.

Plan

The United States federal government should substantially increase tax credits for integrated gasification combined cycle on coal plants.

1AC 4

Contention 3: Solvency

Increasing tax incentives for IGCC spurs development

USCOC 11
US Chamber of Commerce, 10/19/11, "Commit to the Use of Clean Coal" http://www.energyxxi.org/commit-use-clean-coal
However, for all of the promise of CCS, the ~…~ built for each coal type at an accelerated pace.

Prior federal incentives are key

Rahim 10 – Climate Wire
Saqib, "States Wrestle With Clean Coal Technology, With Varying Results," NY Times, http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2010/09/21/21climatewire-states-wrestle-with-clean-coal-technology-wi-44916.html?pagewanted=all
The fate of a major low-carbon technology is ~…~ carbon sooner rather than later."

Coal is inevitable – federal incentives for IGCC shape global markets

Vaitheeswaran 7 – Correspondent @ the Economist
Vijay, "Panacea or Pipe Dream? Energy Policy and the Search for Alternatives: Session II: Energy Alternatives in the Market", Council on Foreign Relations Roundtable Transcript, CFR
VAITHEESWARAN: Sure. Just a quick comment on coal. I am - I think the U.S. and Europe need to do much more in investing in — finding ways to make coal ~…~ it~’s going to be low-carbon or high-carbon.

IGCC is cost competitive and efficient

Silverstein 12
Ken, contributor to Forbes, 2/27/12, "Is Cleaning Coal Worth It?" http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/02/27/is-cleaning-coal-worth-it/
A successful venture would give ~…~ productivity and fewer emissions.

CCS is technologically proven

Handwerk 12 – National Geographic Analyst
Brian, "Amid Economic Concerns, Carbon Capture Faces a Hazy Future," http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/05/120522-carbon-capture-and-storage-economic-hurdles/
In fact, these and other research and ~…~ projects to scale up the technology.

11/01/2012

T-Energy Production

11/01/2012

AT: Earthquakes

11/01/2012

2ac states cp

11/01/2012

2ac Elections Obama Good

11/01/2012

T-Financial Incentives

11/01/2012

2ac QER

Tournament: harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: gonzaga hn | Judge: stahl

QER

No implementation – QER won’t begin, and Congress won’t fund it

Barlas ’12
Stephen, Columnist @ Financial Executive, 1/1/12 http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Does+the+US+really+need+an+energy+policy%3F%3A+ever+since+the+Arab+oil...-a0279139186 AD 10/4/12
But it is highly unlikely that Obama’s … by the 2005 and 2007 energy bills are still begging for appropriations.

Perm: do the counterplan

1. It’s not severance- certainty and immediacy aren’t mandates of the plan- they’re just assumptions of normal means

a) If they say yes, the counterplan is resolved too
b) Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory
Words and Phrases 2
Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition" Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for …, but not mandatory. ORS 654.005 et seq.——Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556. —-Labor %26 Emp. 2857

3. Severance is justified when counterplans compete off of certainty

4. The aff should get to define the scope of the plan’s mandate

- a. Most real world- no policymaker controls implementation
- b. Checks abusive interpretations of fiat that hurt neg ground- we don’t fiat solvency

5. Counterplans must be functionally and textually competitive. Predictable for the aff and solves the counterplan race to the bottom: delay, condition, steal funding, etc. while also limiting out word PICs.

Links to politics

Marburger ’10
Lindsey Marburger, 11/30/10, manages the Earth Systems Program, overseeing Federation of American Scientists’ work in building technologies, energy efficiency and energy technology training and safety, and systems resource analysis, "PCAST Federal Energy Policy Report Released", http://www.fas.org/blog/nutshell/2010/11/pcast-federal-energy-policy-report-released/ AD 10/4/12
While changing the timescale from … branch to act upon the results and recommendations of the QER.

Causes delay

PCAST, ’10
~President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 11-10, "REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON
ACCELERATING THE PACE OF CHANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED FEDERAL ENERGY POLICY," http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf~~
Our most important recommendation is … robust 21st century energy system.

11/01/2012

2ac OTEC

11/01/2012

2ac production/consumption k

Tournament: harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: cal ip | Judge: michael hart

Production/Consumption K

Perm do the plan and all non-mutually exclusive parts of the alternative

Solves better and the aff is a net benefit

Bryant and Goodman 4 - * PhD in Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, Professor of Communication Studies
Raymond and Michael, "Consuming Narratives: The Political Ecology of ’Alternative’ Consumption," Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 29, No. 3
The consumption practices of the … networks of production and development.

Plan focus is key – A) it’s the only stable and predictable point for offense B) its key to fairness because any other framework moots the 1ac.

Even incomplete knowledge is sufficient – specificity is key

Kratochwil 8 – professor of international relations – European University Institute
Friedrich, "The Puzzles of Politics," pg. 200-213
The lesson seems clear. Even at the … recalcitrant to analytical treatment.

IGCC nsures environmentally sustainable coal use

Meyer 7 – Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Mark, "IGCC: BENEFITS, COSTS, AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE USE IN WISCONSIN," Public Service Commission, http://psc.wi.gov/initiatives/cleanCoal/documents/IGCCFinalReport.pdf
Coal is the dominant source of … operating experience with IGCC.1

Coal use is inevitable – can’t wish it away – a pragmatic approach to emissions is key to avoid the worst impacts of climate change

Reisinger 9 – JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council
Will, "RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE," Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf
In the United States and around the … and ultimately enable CCS to reduce GHG emissions worldwide.

Limiting coal consumption collapses the economy

Sullivan 10 – Professor of Economics @ National Defense University
Paul, "CCT is a medium term global solution," http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2010/08/how-viable-is-clean-coal.php~~%231616515
Given the importance of coal … with energy sources such as coal.

Changing individual consumption patterns is insufficient – resources are globally fungible

-this evidence is food specific, but relevant because of fossil fuel inputs into agriculture
Baker 4
Juliana, Discussions of Meat: Now, It’s Not Personal%21, World Watch 17 no5 6-7 S/O 2004
World Watch’s July/August cover ..one of the burgeoning Asian markets.

Focus on aesthetics legitimizes the status quo—beauty can be found within even the most horrible circumstances

White 87 – Professor of Comparative Literature
Hayden, Professor of Comparative Literature at Stanford University, The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse %26 Historical Representation, p. 71
This aestheticism underwrites the … development of ~one’s~ his own society might take.

Limiting consumption fails – we can make current consumption practices ecologically sustainable

Martens and Spaargaren 5 - * Researcher at the Environmental Policy Group at Wageningen University, Professor of Environmental Policy @ Wageningen
Martens, S. %26 Spaargaren, G. 2005. The politics of sustainable consumption: the case of the Netherlands. Sustainability: Science, Practice, %26 Policy 1(1):29-42. Proquest
We argue that policymakers should … over the last several decades.

11/01/2012

2ac fiscal cliff

Tournament: harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: cal ip | Judge: michael hart

Fiscal Cliff

Lame duck congress won’t do anything

Marcus 10/27 (Ruth, "Lame-duck Congress can avoid the ’cliff’", 10/27/12, http://www.thenorthwestern.com/article/20121028/OSH0602/310280169/Lame-duck-Congress-can-avoid-cliff~-~-http://www.thenorthwestern.com/article/20121028/OSH0602/310280169/Lame-duck-Congress-can-avoid-cliff-)
Betting on Congress to do something … of consequence is even more foolhardy.

Romney wins the election

Merkel 10/24
Jesse, Reporter, Policy Mic, "Presidential Debate Polls 2012: Romney and Obama are Tied at 47 Percent, But Romney is the One Trending", http://www.policymic.com/articles/17009/presidential-debate-polls-2012-romney-and-obama-are-tied-at-47-percent-but-romney-is-the-one-trending
Eight months ago, Mitt Romney was … machine from churning to victory.

No impact to fiscal cliff and congress has more flexibility than your authors admit

Drum, 10/3
Kevin, economist at Mother Jones, http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2012/10/whos-afraid-fiscal-cliff
I’m not so sure about that. In … well be willing to do a deal.

Plan is extremely popular with a large group of Senators

Reisinger 9 – JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council
Will, "RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE," Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf
Princeton’s dispassionate assessment … Senators whose states depend on this economy." 28

Shimkus supports the plan

Bloomberg 11
~News Site, business and financial market news, "Solyndra Critics Sought US Aid for Coal," 10/31/11, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-31/solyndra-critics-sought-u-s-aid-for-coal.html~~//SH
The technology backed by Shimkus, … investment," the report found.

He’s key to the agenda – experience and clout

Townsquare Media 12
~News Organization, 5/8/12, http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/external/pre-election/bios/1285.html?SITE=WKXWFMELN%26SECTION=PREELECTION%26TEMPLATE=DEFAULT~~//SH
Shimkus has focused on energy … clout to fight for other issues.

Winners win.

Marshall and Prins ’11 – Associate Professors of Political Science
Bryan W Marshall, associate professor of political science at Miami Universityand Brandon C Prins, associate professor of political science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville%26 Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, "Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force". September 2011. Presidential Studies Quarterly 41, no. 3.
Presidents rely heavily on Congress … managing political capital at home (Fordham 2002).

Political capital not key to the agenda

-their evidence misuses the term
-ideological and partisan leanings outweigh
Dickinson 9 – Professor of Political Science
Matthew, professor of political science at Middlebury College and taught previously at Harvard University where he worked under the supervision of presidential scholar Richard Neustadt, 5-26-2009, Presidential Power: A NonPartisan Analysis of Presidential Politics, "Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power," http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/-http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/
As for Sotomayor, from here … to play Halo III on his Xbox.

No impact on the military

Adams 10/17 - professor of international relations at the School of International Service at American University and Distinguished Fellow at the Stimson Center
Gordon, 10/17/12, "The Fiscal Slide" http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/17/the_fiscal_slide
But does this mean the end … might just be as safe as it ever was.

11/10/2012

1AC-China Impact

11/10/2012

2AC-Case-CO2 Ag Answers

11/10/2012

2AC-DA-Renewables

11/10/2012

2AC-DA-Fiscal Cliff

11/10/2012

2AC-K-Neolib

11/10/2012

2AC-Case-Warming

01/06/2013

1ac disaster response

Tournament: utd | Round: 2 | Opponent: ou by | Judge:

Plan

The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States.

Contention 1: Solvency

Solar key to effective disaster response

Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown … operations under these circumstances?

Solar emergency generators are the key to effective stable energy supplies in an emergency

Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ … the security and the solutions.

Only solar solves – no supply routes for diesel

DOE 99
Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf
When disaster strikes, electric … for more than a few days.

The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disaster

Corps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to … systems and computer¶ systems.

Contention 2: Disasters

The effects of natural disasters are not natural, but rather determined by a social calculus—Katrina has exposed the discrimination of violence to underprivileged persons

Smith 6 - Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the CUNY Graduate Center
Neil, 6/11/06, "There’s No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster" http://www.masteramericanstudies.unito.it/courses/dawson_course/Smith,%20Natural%20Disaster.pdf
It is generally accepted among … ethnicity and social class.

Katrina highlighted the inherent racism in policymaking

Stivers 7 – Professor and Distinguished Scholar of Public Administration in the Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs at Cleveland State University
Camilla, 12/7/07, ""So Poor and So Black": Hurricane Katrina, Public Administration, and the Issue of Race" Public Administration Review Volume 67, Issue Supplement s1, pages 48–56
It is impossible to … diversity or preparedness training.

And, the logic of racism is a structural necessity for war

Mendieta ’2
Eduardo, SUNY @ Stony Brook, Meeting of the Foucault Circle from To make live and to let die – Foucault on Racism, April 25
This is where racism intervenes… are biological in nature.

And, racism is also structurally violent and intrinsically unjust

Memmi 2k
Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163
The struggle against racism … but the stakes are irresistible.

This is a question of violence that occurs against normal people every day- deprioritize questions of uniqueness and timeframe and investigate the structures most likely to produce injustice

Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ’4
(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22)
This large and at first sight … "state of emergency" (Taussig, Chapter 31).

You should frame your decision in terms of pedagogical impact- using the debate space to criticize violent structures expands the boundaries of our consciousness and creates research practices that are more sensitive to slow, everyday violence- that’s a pre-requisite to effective use of science and empiricism

Nixon ’11
(Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 14-16)
How do we bring home-and … to the corporate media.

Facilitating access to life saving technologies is critical to embracing an ethic of care

Lawson 8
Victoria Lawson a¶ a Department of Geography, University of Washington¶ Victoria Lawson (2007): Geographies of Care and Responsibility, Annals of the Association of American¶ Geographers, 97:1, 1-11
¶ Within geospatial analysis …able to help¶ themselves.¶

====The ethic of care of the 1AC spills over to larger social inequalities and the orientation of disaster relief as the starting point for that ethic allows us to establish a model for future ethical acts====
Carse and Nelson, 96
Alisa L. Carse, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and a Senior Research Fellow at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University and Hilda Lindemann Nelson, M.A., is Director of the Center for Applied and Professional Ethics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 6.1 (1996) 19-35
Many critics argue that care… relationship and interaction.

Our plan is an academic intervention- it represents a historic and political act that links the history of racial violence in the United States to social disorder during disasters. Focusing on these methodological questions is the only relevant addition that debaters can make to the academic community.

Apple and Beane ’7
Michael W. Apple and James A. Beane, Democratic Schools, January 30, 2007, Chapter One: The Case for Democratic Schools
We have chosen to include … have no legitimate reason for existence.

This examination in the context of disasters provides the power to change social life on a political and personal scale

Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University
Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3
Katrina reveals that we are … indifferent in the face of death.

Failure to act represents incompetence and an ethical failure of the government

Adams and Balfour 7 – *PhD, Professor @ Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs PhD, Professor @ Grand Valley State University
Guy and Danny, May 2007, "Leadership, Administrative Evil and the Ethics of Incompetence: Lessons from Katrina and Iraq" http://www.ipa.udel.edu/3tad/papers/workshop6/Adams%26Balfour.pdf
Incompetence refers to the …, to which we now turn.

Challenging these inequalities in the context of energy is key

Miller et al 11
Lee Miller, PhD, Associate Professor Department of Sociology Sam Houston State University, Robert Antonio, PhD Sociology Professor @ KU, and Alessandro Bonanno, Sam Houston State University Distinguished Professor, and a Texas State University System Professor, of Sociology, September 2011, "Hazards of neoliberalism: delayed electric power restoration after Hurricane Ike" The British Journal of Sociology Volume 62, Issue 3, pages 504–522
This article analyses the … more susceptible to disasters.

01/12/2013

New Plan

01/12/2013

2AC Cap K

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: OU BY | Judge: Sabino

2AC

The refusal to hold the government responsible for disaster preparedness and response result in the marking of racialized populations as expendable in favor of the smooth functioning of the market.

Only intersectional approach to uncovering oppression avoids the drawbacks of single-category or additive methods

Tatli and Ozbilgin 11 - *PhD, Senior Lecturer in International Human Resource Management @ Queens, Professor of Organisational Behaviour at Brunel Business School
Ahu and Mustafa, "An emic approach to intersectional study of diversity at work: A Bourdieuan Framing, http://brunel.academia.edu/MustafaOzbilgin/Papers/1112122/An_emic_approach_to_intersectional_study_of_diversity_at_work_A_Bourdieuan_framing
In this paper, we argue … of diversity in the workplace.

That’s key to avoiding essentialism that turns the K

McPhail 94 – Professor of Communication @ Wayne State
Mark, Professor in Dept of Comm @ Wayne State, THE RHETORIC OF RACISM, pp. 122-125
Brand Blanshard (1940) … are grounded in coherence.

Zizek’s alternative yields authoritarian violence which turns the k – the method of the aff is superior

Critchley 8 - English professor @ The New School
Simon Critchley, May 2008, "Resistance is Utile: Critchley responds to Zizek" http://slackbastard.anarchobase.com/?p=1147
As Carl Schmitt reminds us … You will get one."

Zizek’s alternative is political nihilism – they have no example of a successful anti-capitalist struggle

Laclau 4 - Professor of Political Theory at the University of Essex and Visiting Professor of Comparative Literature at SUNY-Buffalo
Ernesto Laclau, 2004, Umbr(a): War, p. 33-34
Here we reach the crux … Ergo: political nihilism.

Warming won’t cause extinction

Barrett, professor of natural resource economics – Columbia University, 7
(Scott, Why Cooperate? The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods, introduction)
First, climate change does … much more about it by now.

Ordering class above race fails – racial justice is key to coalition-building – spills over to immigration policy

Hayduk and Jones 8 – City University of New York
Ron and Susanna, Immigrants and Race in the US: Are Class-Based Alliances Possible?, Socialism and Democracy, Vol. 22, Issue 3, November 2008 , pages 75 – 95, InformaWorld
Although there is nothing … embracing the cause of immigrants.

The state is inevitable – our obligation is to make it as ethical as possible

Simmons 99
William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, "The Third: Levinas’ theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics," Philosophy %26 Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6
Since ’it is impossible to … what it wants to secure.

1AR

Alt fails

Grossberg 92 – Communication Studies Professor, UNC
(Lawrence, We Gotta Get Out of This Place, p 388-90)
If it is capitalism that is at … vague to provide any direction.

01/12/2013

2AC Ecopedagogy K

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent: Vermont BM | Judge: Bunas

Policy focus in terms of energy is the only prescription for change

Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ’92
(Carol J., "Democratizing Technology: Citizen %26 State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990" Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)
During this phase, the … in modern technological society.61

The state is inevitable – our obligation is to make it as ethical as possible

The refusal to hold the government responsible for disaster preparedness and response result in the marking of racialized populations as expendable in favor of the smooth functioning of the market.

Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University
Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3
Soon after Hurricane Katrina … in color-blind America.

Failure to envision ourselves as the government obliterates the ideal of public reason. It leaves us without a coherent grounding for interacting with the state.

Rawls ’99
John Rawls, bad-ass, The Law of Peoples, 1999, p. 136-137
I now turn to a discussion … that satisfy this principle.

The thought-space promoted by the 1ac has unique value – promotes change centered education that can create liberatory politics

Rawls 99
John, The most important philosopher of the 20^th Century, The Law of Peoples, 56-57
How is the ideal of public … understanding among peoples.

Even if the jargon is inaccessible it creates modes of analysis that are critical to analyzing public policy and evaluation outside debate.

Muir 93—Dept of Comms @ George Mason
Star, A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate, Philosophy %26 Rhetoric, Vol. 26, No. 4 (1993), JSTOR
Even the specialized jargon … controversies of public importance.

The environment is resilient; human impact is minimal

Easterbrook 96
(Gregg, sr editor, The New Republic, former fellow at the Brookings Institute, A Movement on the Earth, p. 25) LL
"Fragile environment" has become … is accustomed to resisting.

People won’t enact personal lifestyle changes without government action- their alternative won’t snowball to solve anything

Owens 2k- prof @ Cambridge in Environment and Policy
Susan, "Environment and Planning A, v32, p. 1143-4
Mostly, however, people do … 1999; Thompson and Rayner, 1998).

01/12/2013

2AC Communities CP

01/12/2013

2AC Heidegger K

01/12/2013

2AC Post-Politics K

Tournament: UNT | Round: 2 | Opponent: UMKC BS | Judge: Zagorin

Despite the corporatization of education it still has use and we can change our pedagogical sites

Giroux 4 – Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University
Henry, 1/26/04, "Higher Education is More Than a Corporate Logo" http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Jan04/Giroux0126.htm
Anyone who spends … rights, identities, and social relations.

The refusal to hold the government responsible for disaster preparedness and response result in the marking of racialized populations as expendable in favor of the smooth functioning of the market.

Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University
Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3
Soon after Hurricane Katrina … in color-blind America.

The alt is colorblindness which fails to resolve and only entrenches racism

Giroux and Pozo 4 – *Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University doctoral student @ UCSD
Henry and Michael, 9/25/04, "An Educator�s Reflections on the Crisis in Education and Democracy in the US: An Interview with Henry A. Giroux" http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Sept04/Pozo0925.htm
HG- Racial justice has … for American progressives.

Only intersectional approach to uncovering oppression avoids the drawbacks of single-category or additive methods

That’s key to avoiding essentialism that turns the K

McPhail 94 – Professor of Communication @ Wayne State
Mark, Professor in Dept of Comm @ Wayne State, THE RHETORIC OF RACISM, pp. 122-125
Brand Blanshard (1940) concurs: … that are grounded in coherence.

And, you should be skeptical of their epistemology- it overdetermines the role class plays and imposes identity upon people- allows manipulation

Tatli and Ozbilgin 11 - *PhD, Senior Lecturer in International Human Resource Management @ Queens, Professor of Organisational Behaviour at Brunel Business School
Ahu and Mustafa, "An emic approach to intersectional study of diversity at work: A Bourdieuan Framing, http://brunel.academia.edu/MustafaOzbilgin/Papers/1112122/An_emic_approach_to_intersectional_study_of_diversity_at_work_A_Bourdieuan_framing
As explained in the previous … relevance across time and place.

That ability to manipulate causes extinction

Foucault 78
Michel Foucault, Professor of the History of Systems of Thought, Collège de France, THE HISTORY OF SEXUALITY VOLUME 1: AN INTRODUCTION, 1978, p. 135-137.
For a long time, one of the … phenomena of population.

Their root-cause arguments are pedantic and cause the alt to turn into Stalinism instead of an effective revolution

Levin 98 – President of Yale
Richard Levin, president of Yale, 1998, The Minnesota Review, 48-49, http://www.theminnesotareview.org/journal/ns48/levin.htm
As a result of this view of the … although with less lethal results.

Alt fails

Grossberg 92 – Communication Studies Professor, UNC
(Lawrence, We Gotta Get Out of This Place, p 388-90)
If it is capitalism that is at stake … to provide any direction.

01/12/2013

2AC Ableist Language K

01/12/2013

2AC Buddhism K [UTD]

01/12/2013

2AC Immigration Reform-LA Relations

01/12/2013

2AC Politics [UTD]

01/12/2013

2AC Politics [UNT]

01/12/2013

2AC Util

01/12/2013

2AC Procurement Not T

01/12/2013

2AC States CP

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:

Perm shields the link – Congress directs states to take the blame

Overby ’03
A. Brooke, Professor of Law, Tulane University School of Law, "Our New Commercial Law Federalism." Temple University of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education Temple Law Review,
Summer, 2003 76 Temp. L. Rev. HeinOnline AD 10/4/12
We held in Newv York … ameliorate them slightly.¶

Federal government can resist market forces that corrupt policies—states can’t

Chomsky 97 – PhD in linguistics, Institute Professor and Professor (Emeritus) in the Department of Linguistics %26 Philosophy @ MIT
Noam, April 1997, Interview with David Barsamian, http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/199704—.htm-http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/199704~-~-.htm
I don’t know if you recall … that matter, to themselves.

State procurement fails

Schrader and Morton 5/17/12 – President of DRS International, LLC, and former deputy administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Preparedness Directorate; Strategic Advisor for DomPrep and Homeland Security Team Lead for the Project on National Security Reform (Dennis R. and John F., "Enterprising Solutions: Buying/Building New State %26 Local Preparedness Capabilities" Domestic Preparedness, http://www.domesticpreparedness.com/Infrastructure/CIP-R/Enterprising_Solutions%3A_Buying-%21Building_New_State_%26_Local_Preparedness_Capabilities/)
Operational leaders in state/local … Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

Federal action key over multiple jurisdictions

Farber 06
Professor Daniel A. Farber¶ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY SCHOOL OF LAW DISASTERS AND THE LAW: THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF HURRICANE KATRINA http://www.law.berkeley.edu/library/disasters/Chhean_Kakkar.pdf
In addition, the explicit possibility … pandemics or biological terrorism.

States links to politics

Kiely 12
EUGENE KIELY-http://www.factcheck.org/author/eugene-kiely/, Washington assignment editor USA today, February 17, 2012 Factcheck.org "Did Obama ’Approve’ Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?" http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/
Who’s to blame, if that’s … firms to build U.S. bridges.

01/12/2013

2AC Buddhism K [UNT]

01/12/2013

2AC Anthro K

Round Reports

Tournament

Round

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Khatri-Schile Aff

Cites

1ac

The United States Department of Defense should increase procurement contracts for small modular nuclear reactors in the United States.

DoD electric instillations are vulnerable – SMR solves

That’s key to military effectiveness

Oil dependence kills forward mobility and effectiveness

This decimates future military operations—conventional fuel supplies are insufficient for future theatres

Oil will dictate future missions

That causes interventionist wars

SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve

Reducing petroleum dependence sends a global signal of US strength and doesn’t sacrifice readiness

Any of these would escalate into great power wars—American retrenchment collapse current restraints

Military strategy is inevitable – It’s only a question of success

DOD leadership ensures key reactor technology that solves DOD problems

Risks of attacks are negligible

SMRs are better than renewables – renewables don’t provide enough energy and don’t create smart grid

US competitiveness is declining, threatening our economic model

Specifically US manufacturing is on the decline

Manufacturing is key – spills over to all other sectors

US is key to the global economy

SMR is key to manufacturing

SMRs independently key to economy

Economic decline causes nuclear war

US economic model is the key internal link to interdependence and multilateral cooperation. The alternative is competitive mercantilism that will destroy cooperation

Economic nationalism will collapse growth and prompt global war

Incentives provided but they don’t solve

DoD has enormous procurement power—best way to develop

DoD key to SMR industry

SMRs are cheap and can provide easy power to the US

SMRs allow mass production – reduces costs

1ac harvard

1AC

1AC 2

Contention 1: warming

Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree

Warming is real and human induced – consensus is on our side – numerous studies prove

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions cause ocean acidification

Extinction—emission reductions are critical to preventing this

IGCC solves GHG emissions from coal

Solves 30 percent of emissions even without CCS

US-driven IGCC is key to global modeling

Carbon sequestration is key

Even if regulations aren~’t likely now, the plan is key to convincing the world that emissions can be cut without economic cost

Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won~’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost

Only the federal government policies lead to climate modeling

1AC 3

Contention 2: Economy

Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations

Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs

Collapses the economy

Coal affects all major sectors of the economy

US is key to the global economy

Nuclear war

Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus

That~’s key to faster growth

Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars

Plan

The United States federal government should substantially increase tax credits for integrated gasification combined cycle on coal plants.

1AC 4

Contention 3: Solvency

Increasing tax incentives for IGCC spurs development

Prior federal incentives are key

Coal is inevitable – federal incentives for IGCC shape global markets

IGCC is cost competitive and efficient

CCS is technologically proven

T-Energy Production

T – Energy Production

AT: Earthquakes

Solvency – AT: Earthquakes

2ac states cp

2AC States

2ac Elections Obama Good

Elections 2AC

2AC Link Work

2AC China Bashing

2AC Russia Relations

T-Financial Incentives

T