Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Role of the ballot – the judge should vote for the team that makes takes the best ethical stance vis-à-vis the resolution.  Their framework mandates production, which masks the ethical problems presented in the 1AC.
   2. Counter interpretation – debaters should respond to the resolution. And, we meet- the AFF responds by refusing the resolution.
   3. It’s a reason to vote AFF- the Kellner evidence says we should re-conceptualize negativity as a positive act. Only the AFF can refuse the resolution, which means this argument cannot be run on the negative.

This is offense for us – their framework is repressive tolerance – a tactical move that fosters global violence. Our refusal is key.
Kahn 10 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement, 2010, pp. 132-134)
Herbert Marcuse wrote an important essay, “Repressive Tolerance” (1965), in
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(such as the environmental movement) across the whole spectrum of society.
Embracing dissent is vital to agonistic debate
Ivie 07
Robert Ivie, Professor of American Studies and Communication and Culture Member of the Interdepartmental Graduate Committee on Mythology Studies; Adjunct Faculty Member in the Cultural Studies Program Indiana University, Dissent from war  google books
Constructive dissent from war is difficult but not infeasible for ordinary citizens doing what they
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dissent can help to address a crisis of terror in today's volatile world.
Traditional debate isn’t neutral – an appeal to fairness is the neoliberal myth that obscures massive violence
Žižek and Daly 4 (Slavoj, Prof. of European Graduate School, Intl. Director of the Birkbeck Inst. for Humanities, U. of London, and Senior Researcher @ Inst. of Sociology, U. of Ljubljiana, and Glyn, Professor Intl. Studies @ Northampton U., “Risking the Impossible” http://www.lacan.com/zizek-daly.htm)
This is not to endorse any kind of retrograde return to economism. Zizek's point
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political boutiquism that is readily sustained by postmodern forms of consumerism and lifestyle.
Their move is not benign – the rhetoric of limits creates a necessarily exclusionary and authoritarian politics
Kulynych 97 (Kulynych, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Winthrop University, 1997 Jessica, “Performing Politics," Polity, Winter, v.XXX, n.2, p. 315-330)

II. Disciplining Habermas Political scientists have traditionally understood political participation as an activity that
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problem is convincingly thematized is not just a matter of utilizing correct procedure. 

Pushing standard approaches to advocacy destroys portable dissent skills
Gordon 09
Mordechai Gordon Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, M. Gordon (ed.), Reclaiming Dissent: Civics Education for the 21st Century, 11–26. © 2009 https://www.sensepublishers.com/files/9789087908867PR.pdf
This book focuses on the value of dissent for the survival of our democracy and
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democratic virtues, dissent seems to be all but forgotten in this country.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention One “The Survival Game”
 Colors of KU is a diversity conference held annually; it’s weekend long retreat aimed at promoting diversity and tolerance within the KU community. This year I attended the conference; there was one exercise in particular we engaged in that required us to make choices about who to exclude from dinner. I remember we had just finished a powerful session about discrimination when the dinner bell rang. As we all headed towards the dining hall we were greeted by two of the retreat’s staff: Cody and Mauritio. We lined up at the dining hall as usual – but something was different this time. Cody and Mauritio went down the line and assigned us, at random mind you, colors – red, blue, yellow, and green. I was assigned red. I didn’t know what it meant but I quickly found out as the doors opened and I was told I couldn’t go in. One by one Cody and Maurito pulled the red and yellow people out of line. We were told that we couldn’t go in, but we weren’t told why. Immediately we thought it was a joke, trying to go around to the side door we found other retreat staff blocking it. The people one the inside were told that they should go ahead and begin eating lunch. Many of them were hesitant; at first staring outside to see what was going on, why we weren’t coming in. After a while they began to eat lunch, averting their eyes and pretending that things were normal. Outside things were anything but. It was cold and we were hungry. After dinner was over, it was revealed that dinner had in fact been an exercise – we all had a choice to play. We should have refused to engage in this exercise where we were forced to make unethical choices about who gets to eat dinner - The unethical act was choosing to play.
Iserbyt 2000
Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, former Senior Policy Advisor in the U.S. Department of Education
The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America http://www.deliberatedumbingdown.com/MomsPDFs/DDDoA.sml.pdf
This overloaded “lifeboat in crisis” represented¶ a dramatic shift in education.
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purpose¶ of getting a good paying job in the global workforce economy.
This year’s debate topic is a version of “The Survival Game”.  The topic committee constructed a topic that assigns affirmative debaters in the classroom space to choose which energy to affirm or put in the lifeboat without questioning the inherent racist component of that lifeboat.  Affirmatives get to choose which energy is the least harmful instead of confronting the harm in all of them.  The fact that making those choices masks the underlying question of whether we should be endorsing the production of these energies at all is ignored as affirmative students make their choices.  The fact that each energy system places burdens on local populations who are effected by the energy choice they make is rendered invisibility.  Affirmative debaters all year take there assignment and try to pick the energy type that offers the most benefits and damages the fewest people in exactly the same way that students argue the benefits for putting particular people in the lifeboat.  Every choice is ultimately tragic.
Historically the development of new nuclear reactors has been at the expense of low income and minority population increasing health risks
Mangano 8
Joseph J. Mangano, MPH, MBA Executive Director Radiation and Public Health Project,  “EXCESS INFANT MORTALITY AFTER NUCLEAR PLANT STARTUP IN RURAL MISSISSIPPI” International Journal of Health Services, Volume 38, Number 2Spring 2008
American utilities are considering ordering new nuclear power reactors, which would be the first
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socioeconomic disadvantages and racial minorities are at increased health risk from radiation exposure.

The legacy of American coal production is a legacy of slavery.
Millies 06
Stephen Millies, reporter for Workers World http://www.workers.org/2006/us/black-miners-0202/
African Americans have been mining coal and fighting bosses for over 200 years. Slaves
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dismissal. Just a few thousand African Americans are working in mines today.

Oil and natural gas production disproportionately affect the poor and minority communities companies choose for these development projects
OilWatch 2001

Durban Position Paper on Racism and Fossil Fuels http://www.oilwatch.org/2005/english/documentos/decla2001_racismoesp.pdf OILWATCH is an international network of ecological, human rights, religious and local organizations, that was conformed in 1995, to support the resistance initiatives of exploration and exploitation activities of fossil hydrocarbons in the tropics.
World energy production and racism are closely linked. Activities related to the exploration,
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collective rights protect the inherent value and survival of diverse communities and peoples.

Solar disposal causes e-waste exports –
Nath 10
(Stanford Journal of International Relations, Vol. XI | No. 2 , Spring, “Cleaning Up After Clean Energy:  Hazardous Waste in the Solar Industry”,  http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjir/pdf/Solar_11.2.pdf, Ishan Nath is a sophomore at Stanford University doublemajoring in Economics and Earth Systems with a focus  on energy science and technology)
The first question facing solar firms is how to address the prospect of used panels
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he warns, the situation could escalate into “a major disaster.” 4
E-waste is unjust – starvation, death, inequality
Templeton 9
Seattle Journal for Social Justice Volume 7 Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2009 Article 21 4-16-2012 The Dark Side of Recycling and Reusing Electronics: Is Washington's E-Cycle Program Adequate? Nicola J. Templeton, 1 JD, Seattle University School of Law, 2009; BSc (Eng.), Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 2002
Environmental degradation is the degradation of the quality of life. 94 Exporting toxic e
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“reuse” exports are by no means limited to these countries. 103 

And wind energy comes only at the cost of sacred land
Jenkins D. Macedo, 7-12-2012, Master of Science (MSc.) degree in Environmental Science & Policy at the Department of International Development, Community, and Environment, “Post-Colonial Feminist Theory: An Overview of Social and Environmental Resistance of the Yakama India Nation” Change We Believe In, http://changewebelievein.blogspot.com/2012/07/post-colonial-feminist-theory-overview.html
This week’s readings were about post-colonial feminist theory as this concept applies to
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and ultimately destroying their environment and altering the live forms in these areas.
Contention Two- Refusing to Choose energy production

Our advocacy is that we should refuse to play the debate game the way we have been told to play it
We believe that we as affirmative students tasked with playing this game have a different choice available—The alternative choice is to refuse to choose.
Iserbyt 2000
Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, former Senior Policy Advisor in the U.S. Department of Education
The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America http://www.deliberatedumbingdown.com/MomsPDFs/DDDoA.sml.pdf
In the fall of l972 a small group of students in an introduction to educational
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, the students resisted—and¶ ultimately refused to do the exercise.
Only refusing the resolution counters status quo politics.
Ocay, 2010
Jeffry V. Ocay, Kritike, 4(1), June, 54-78 “Technology, Technological Domination,¶ and the Great Refusal:¶ Marcuse’s Critique of the¶ Advanced Industrial Society” http://www.kritike.org/journal/issue_7/ocay_june2010.pdf
Because control and domination in the advanced industrial societv has become an overwhelming force that
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control and domination. The Great Refusal is indeed expressed in this way.
The AFF opens space and enables radical transformation- refusing the resolution should be considered the ONLY positive act, injecting status quo politics with dissent.
Kellner 10
Douglas M. Kellner is George Kneller Chair in the Philosophy of Education at UCLA
On Marcuse: critique, liberation, and reschooling in the radical pedagogy of Herbert Marcuse
Sobre Marcuse: critica, libertac,ao e reeducagao na pedagogia radical de Herbert Marcuse
http://www.revispsi.uerj.br/v11n1/artigos/html/v11n1a03.html
 An introduction to Marcuse’s philosophy of education should be situated in relation to the
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, increasing conformity to market logics, and a complacency to global militarization. 

Tournament: UTD | Round: 6 | Opponent:  | Judge: ERob
Plan
The United States Department of Defense should increase procurement contracts for small modular nuclear reactors deployed in the United States.
Adv. 1 - Heg
The US provides incentives now, but US leadership is eroding and government policy is uncertain
Biello ‘12
David Biello has been covering energy and the environment for nearly a decade, the last four years as an associate editor at Scientific American. He also hosts 60-Second Earth, a Scientific American podcast covering environmental news, and is working on a documentary with Detroit Public Television on the future of electricity. “Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power,” 3/27/12 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-powerandpage=4 AD 9/20/12
But the Department of Energy funding may only support two designs. Innovation spurred by
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the world in safety, if we're not building new nuclear power plants."
---Dependence weakens hegemony in two ways—first, forward basing---Fuel dependence seriously restricts military effectiveness – supply chains divert resources and slow operations
Hourihan and Stepp’11
Matt, MA in Public Policy with a focus on science and technology policy, previous Jan Schori Fellow at the Business Council for Sustainable Energy; Matt, former Fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, a California energy policy think tank, MS in Science, Tech, and Public Policy. ITIF - Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, DC think tank exploring innovation policy. "Lean, Mean and Clean: Energy Innovation and the Department of Defense," March 2011. www.itif.org/files/2011-lean-mean-clean.pdf AD 9/8/12
But the aggregate dollar amount also doesn’t tell the whole story. Deloitte estimates the
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challenge the defense establishment to “unleash us from this fuel tether.”27
SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve
*solves for oil
Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf February
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
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the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.
Forward deployment ensures international stability—effectiveness key to carry out future missions and ensure deterrence and contain conflict
Davidson and Flournoy ‘12
Michèle Flournoy, former distinguished research professor at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, former UnderSecretary of Defense for Policy, President of the Center for a New American Security, former Senior Adviser at the CSIS; Janine Davidson, PhD in International Studies, Assistant Professor in the School of Public Policy at GMU, previous Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Plans, “"Obama's new global posture: the logic of U.S. foreign deployments." Foreign Affairs, July-August 12, Academic OneFile, AD 9/16/12
The United States' network of alliances and partnerships ensures that the country rarely has to
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shared practices that make the militaries work together more effectively in the field.
---Second, military response abilities---Reliance on oil prevents military respond to crises in hot spots
Bender '07
Bryan, Boston Globe, "Pentago study says oil reliance strains military," 5/1/07, citing LMI study and Milton R. Copulos, president of the National Defense Council Foundation, advisor on energy to the Secretary of Defense for the Defense Industrial Base Initiative and the principal consultant to the Department of Defense on the Defense Environment Initiative, member of the National Petroleum Council, former director of energy studies for the conservative Heritage Foundation, Senior Fellow at the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2007/05/01/pentagon_study_says_oil_reliance_strains_military/?page=1
WASHINGTON -- A new study ordered by the Pentagon warns that the rising cost and
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supply units that sustain them, which will result in increased energy consumption."
Mobility key to demonstrate strength and respond to international incidents
Crowley et al '07
Thomas D., "Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy: An Approach to Establishing An Energy Strategy," Thomas D. Crowley, President, L. E. Peabody and Associates, Inc,   Tanya D. Corrie  David B. Diamond  Stuart D. Funk  Wilhelm A. Hansen  Andrea D. Stenhoff  Daniel C. Swift  Policy consultants for LMI is a governmental consulting organization April 2007 http://www.lmi.org/News~-~--Publications/publications/publication-detail.aspx?id=210 AD 9/13/12
Recent experience indicates that the nature of the threat facing the United States is  changing
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that address alternative supply sources and efficient  consumption across all aspects of military operations
---Transition solves—Reducing petroleum dependence sends a global signal of US strength and doesn’t sacrifice readiness
Parthemore and Nagl '10
Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston's Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force   Preparing the Department of Defense   for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12
A successful transition away from petroleum   will produce financial, operational and strategic   gains.
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armed services to accomplish their   missions in the years and decades to come.
Decline destabilizes all global hotspots
Russian aggression, Taiwan war, Korea war, Afghanistan war, Indo-Pak war, Pakistan war, Central Asia War, Israel war/strikes, Allied Prolif
Brzezinski '12 - Professor of Foreign Policy at SAIS
Zbigniew, PhD in government, scholar at CSIS, former National Security Advisor, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," Foreign Policy Jan/Feb '12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full AD 9/16/12
With the decline of America's global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to
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extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America's Persian Gulf allies.

Any of these would escalate into great power wars—American retrenchment collapse current restraints  
Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank
America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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can forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy
Advantage 2: Nuclear Proliferation

Expansion of nuclear power internationally coming now
Bernstein and Gerami 12
(Paul Bernstein, Senior Research Fellow in the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (CSWMD) at the National Defense University, and Nina Gerami, Research Fellow in CSWMD, *ENR = uranium enrichment and plutonium reprocessing* June 2012, “Proliferation Risks of Civilian Nuclear Power Programs” http://wmdcenter.dodlive.mil/files/2012/06/CSWMD-Proceedings-3-FINAL.pdf)
Nuclear Renaissance? Lending added urgency to nonproliferation efforts is the possibility that nuclear power
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deferring their plans, while others have vowed to stay on track.6
Unmanaged nuclear renaissance of status quo reactor tech ensures proliferation and nuclear terrorism
Macalister ‘09
Tony, The Guardian Citing Frank Charles Barnaby, Nuclear Issues Consultant to the Oxford Research Group, nuclear physicist, former Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Professor at the VU University Amsterdam and awarded the Harold Stassen Chair of International Relations at the University of Minnesota AND Ian Kearns Deputy Chair of Institute for Public Policy Research’s Security Commission New generation of nuclear power stations 'risk terrorist anarchy' 3/16/09 www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/16/nuclearpower-nuclear-waste AD 9/18/12
The new generation of atomic power stations planned for Britain, China and many other
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low-carbon energy and a stable nuclear weapons environment," he said.
Widespread prolif risks nuclear war—escalates ongoing disputes and risk of terrorist acquisition
Blechman '08
Barry, PhD in International Relations, Co-Founder/Distinguished Fellow at the Stimson Center, "Nuclear Proliferation: Avoiding a Pandemic," 9/29/08 www.stimson.org/books-reports/nuclear-proliferation-avoiding-a-pandemic/ AD 9/19/12
The world has been spared the detonation of a nuclear device in anger for more
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the next administration placing the highest priority on reining in the nuclear danger.
And those conflicts all escalate to extinction
Utgoff in 2 —Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces and Resources @Institute for Defense Analysis
 Victor A., Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division, Institute for Defense Analyses, “Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions,” Survival, v. 44 n. 2, Summer 2002.
In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out
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a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations.

Traditional deterrence theory doesn’t apply to rapid new proliferators—don’t have experience to prevent escalation
Horowitz ‘09
Michael C., PhD in Government at Harvard, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict: Does Experience Matter?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 2/10/09, cc.sjtu.edu.cn/G2S/eWebEditor/uploadfile/20120301175143_293108991670.pdf, AD 9/19/12
Learning as states gain experience with nuclear weapons is complicated.While to  some extent
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to find themselves in disputes with resolved adversaries  that will reciprocate militarized challenges.

Nuclear terrorism triggers nuclear retaliation
Speice 6
Speice, Patrick F., Jr. "Negligence and nuclear nonproliferation: eliminating the current liability barrier to bilateral U.S.-Russian nonproliferation assistance programs." William and Mary Law Review 47.4 (Feb 2006): 1427(59). Expanded Academic ASAP.
The potential consequences of the unchecked spread of nuclear knowledge and material to terrorist groups
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in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons.53
DoD leadership on small nuclear reactors is key to locking the market—the alternative foreign dominated market that causes prolif and nuclear meltdowns
Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf February
Domestic Nuclear Expertise. From the perspective of larger national security issues, if DOD
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will dictate standards on nuclear reactor reliability, performance, and proliferation resistance.
Strong US nuclear industry key to nuclear leadership and nonproliferation standards —alternative is to cede to China
Loudermilk ‘11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Combating proliferation with US leadership  Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the scattering
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standards on nuclear agreements, spent fuel reprocessing, and developing reactor technologies.

Solvency
DoD market key to preventing SMR failure
Andres and Breetz ‘11
Richard B. Andres is Professor of  National Security Strategy at the  National War College and a Senior  Fellow and Energy and Environmental  Security and Policy Chair in the Center  for Strategic Research, Institute for  National Strategic Studies, at the  National Defense University. Hanna L.  Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the  Department of Political Science at The  Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations:  Capabilities, Costs, and  Technological Implications  Strategic Form Feb 2011 http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
The “Valley of Death.” Given the promise that  small reactors hold for military
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, gaining NRC certification for new  technologies, and demonstrating technical viability.32
DoD has enormous procurement power—best way to develop
Fitzpatrick et al '11
Ryan, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy; Josh Freed is the Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way    Mieke Eoyang is Director for National Security at Third Way ; Third Way is the leading think tank of the moderate wing of the progressive movement    "   Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance Clean Energy Technology... And Why It Has To ," http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CEAQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.thirdway.org%2Fpublications%2F414%2FThird_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdfandei=qvdLUMv9Bo369gS36IHQCgandusg=AFQjCNGb9TOO069aF0CT-EADvO8wsN9DjA June 2011 AD 9/8/12
Use the Procurement Process to Promote Innovative Energy   Technologies   The DoD has over $400
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DoD’s energy   goals, even if these procurements come with higher upfront costs.
SMRs don’t have accidents
Loudermilk 11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Although large reactors possess a stellar safety record throughout their history of operation, SMRs
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, an accident affecting one reactor would be limited to that individual reactor.

Tournament: UNT | Round: all | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan

The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States.
Contention 1: Solvency

Solar key to effective disaster response
Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown … operations under these circumstances?

Solar emergency generators are the key to effective stable energy supplies in an emergency
Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ … the security and the solutions.

Only solar solves – no supply routes for diesel
DOE 99
Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf
When disaster strikes, electric … for more than a few days.

The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disaster
Corps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to … systems and computer¶ systems.

Contention 2: Disasters

The effects of natural disasters are not natural, but rather determined by a social calculus—Katrina has exposed the discrimination of violence to underprivileged persons
Smith 6 - Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the CUNY Graduate Center
Neil, 6/11/06, "There’s No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster" http://www.masteramericanstudies.unito.it/courses/dawson_course/Smith,%20Natural%20Disaster.pdf
It is generally accepted among … ethnicity and social class.

Katrina highlighted the inherent racism in policymaking
Stivers 7 – Professor and Distinguished Scholar of Public Administration in the Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs at Cleveland State University
Camilla, 12/7/07, ""So Poor and So Black": Hurricane Katrina, Public Administration, and the Issue of Race" Public Administration Review Volume 67, Issue Supplement s1, pages 48–56
It is impossible to … diversity or preparedness training.

And, the logic of racism is a structural necessity for war
Mendieta ’2
Eduardo, SUNY @ Stony Brook, Meeting of the Foucault Circle from To make live and to let die – Foucault on Racism, April 25
This is where racism intervenes… are biological in nature.

And, racism is also structurally violent and intrinsically unjust
Memmi 2k
Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163
The struggle against racism … but the stakes are irresistible.

This is a question of violence that occurs against normal people every day- deprioritize questions of uniqueness and timeframe and investigate the structures most likely to produce injustice
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ’4
(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22)
This large and at first sight … "state of emergency" (Taussig, Chapter 31).  

You should frame your decision in terms of pedagogical impact- using the debate space to criticize violent structures expands the boundaries of our consciousness and creates research practices that are more sensitive to slow, everyday violence- that’s a pre-requisite to effective use of science and empiricism
Nixon ’11
(Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 14-16)
How do we bring home-and … to the corporate media. 

Facilitating access to life saving technologies is critical to embracing an ethic of care
Lawson 8
Victoria Lawson a¶ a Department of Geography, University of Washington¶ Victoria Lawson (2007): Geographies of Care and Responsibility, Annals of the Association of American¶ Geographers, 97:1, 1-11
¶ Within geospatial analysis …able to help¶ themselves.¶ 

The ethic of care of the 1AC spills over to larger social inequalities and the orientation of disaster relief as the starting point for that ethic allows us to establish a model for future ethical acts

Carse and Nelson, 96
Alisa L. Carse, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and a Senior Research Fellow at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University and Hilda Lindemann Nelson, M.A., is Director of the Center for Applied and Professional Ethics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 6.1 (1996) 19-35
Many critics argue that care… relationship and interaction. 

Our plan is an academic intervention- it represents a historic and political act that links the history of racial violence in the United States to social disorder during disasters. Focusing on these methodological questions is the only relevant addition that debaters can make to the academic community.
Apple and Beane ’7
Michael W. Apple and James A. Beane, Democratic Schools, January 30, 2007, Chapter One: The Case for Democratic Schools
We have chosen to include … have no legitimate reason for existence.

This examination in the context of disasters provides the power to change social life on a political and personal scale
Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University
Henry, 2006, "Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability" College Literature 33.3
Katrina reveals that we are … indifferent in the face of death.

Failure to act represents incompetence and an ethical failure of the government
Adams and Balfour 7 – *PhD, Professor @ Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs PhD, Professor @ Grand Valley State University
Guy and Danny, May 2007, "Leadership, Administrative Evil and the Ethics of Incompetence: Lessons from Katrina and Iraq" http://www.ipa.udel.edu/3tad/papers/workshop6/Adams%26Balfour.pdf
Incompetence refers to the …, to which we now turn.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Disasters aff
Plan
The United States federal government should procure mobile solar power systems from companies who comply with the Solar Industry Environment and Social Responsibility Commitment for its training exercises and activities in response to emergencies in the United States.
Contention 1: Solvency
The federal government provides the training that directs how responses occur at every level of government
Fugate 11
W. Craig Fugate, Administrator, Federal Emergency Management ¶ Agency, Department of Homeland Security ENSURING EFFECTIVE PREPAREDNESS AND ¶ RESPONSE--AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FISCAL YEAR 2012 BUDGET REQUEST FOR THE ¶ FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY¶ http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112hhrg72218/html/CHRG-112hhrg72218.htm
In 2010, FEMA trained more than 2 million homeland security and ¶ emergency management
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when Tennessee experienced multiple disasters during the spring and ¶ summer of 2010.
Current federal responses and training focus on diesel generators
Sklar 05
Scott Sklar, president of the American Council on Renewable Energy
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2005/09/after-katrina-rebuild-with-solar-36214
Should the US government make a policy to use solar energy products to re-build Katrina-affected states? --
¶ There has been a growing 'school of thought' (which includes me) that
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diesel engines and other traditional applications whether they make continued sense or not.
Diesel is the wrong response strategy
Dargin 08
Rebuilding Critical Energy Assets in Times of Disaster:Strategies for a Resilient System¶ ¶ Justin Dargin http://www.academia.edu/210443/Rebuilding_Critical_Energy_Assets_in_Times_of_Disaster_Strategies_for_a_Resilient_System¶ Conclusion:
 ¶  ¶  ¶  Recovering from Disaster ¶  ¶ In the moments after a disaster
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access to the energy which is as the lifeblood of the modern economy.
Federal support in training exercises is key to use of solar
Deering and Thornton 99
Ann Deering, Consultant¶ and¶ John P. Thornton, P.E.¶ National Renewable Energy Laboratory¶ Applications of Solar Technology for Catastrophe Response,¶ Claims Management, and Loss Preventionhttp://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy99osti/25866.pdf
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and many state and local emergency¶
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of the insurance industry, which consists of both consumers and¶ businesses.
Solar emergency generators are the key to effective stable energy supplies in an emergency
Spisak ‘11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ The second part of the value equation is found
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be prolonged. Mobile solar power can provide the security and the solutions.

Mandating compliance with the Solar Industry Environment and Social Responsibility commitment ensures ethical procurement of solar power
SEIA 12
Solar Energies Industry Association, Solar Industry Environment and Social Responsibility Commitment
http://www.seia.org/policy/environment/sustainability/solar-industry-environment-social-responsibility-committment
The solar energy industry delivers sustainability solutions to customers by producing energy with low greenhouse
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the confidentiality and protection of supplier and employee whistleblower are to be maintained.

Contention 2: Disasters
Diesel Backup Generators disproportionately impact poor and minority communities
Ryan 02
Nancy E. Ryan, an economist with expertise in energy markets and the public health and ecological impacts of energy production, Kate M. Larsen, climate change specialist at the International Energy Agency, Peter C. Black; 2002, “Smaller, Closer, Dirtier DIESEL BACKUP GENERATORS IN CALIFORNIA” Environmental Defense 2002.
People in close proximity to BUGs are exposed to more harmful diesel emissions¶ than
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so emissions from BUGS affect a population¶ that is already disproportionately burdened.

Hurricane Sandy showed clear racial divisions in New York as minority communities were hit the hardest by power outages and generator failures during Hurricane Sandy
Lanon 13
Gary Lapon, 11-12-2013, “Revealing the Two New Yorks” The Indypendant, http://www.indypendent.org/2012/11/02/revealing-two-new-yorks
The storm also raises questions about the state of New York City's basic infrastructure--
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since January due to the MTA's unwillingness to give them a fair deal.
Diesel adds to the trauma of those impacted by disasters and only solar alternatives solve
DOE 99
Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf
When disaster strikes, electric power¶ is usually the first critically¶ important service
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weather is extremely cloudy or stormy¶ for more than a few days.
And, racism is also structurally violent and intrinsically unjust
Memmi 2k
Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
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. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.
This is a question of violence that occurs against normal people every day- deprioritize questions of uniqueness and timeframe and investigate the structures most likely to produce injustice
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ‘4
(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22)
This large and at first sight “messy” Part VII is central to this
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as a chronic “state of emergency” (Taussig, Chapter 31).  
Facilitating access to life saving technologies is critical to embracing an ethic of care
Lawson 8
Victoria Lawson a¶ a Department of Geography, University of Washington¶ Victoria Lawson (2007): Geographies of Care and Responsibility, Annals of the Association of American¶ Geographers, 97:1, 1-11
¶ Within geospatial analysis, care ethics poses questions¶ about the social and spatial
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especially in poor areas where people are less able to help¶ themselves.¶
The ethic of care of the 1AC spills over to larger social inequalities and the orientation of disaster relief as the starting point for that ethic allows us to establish a model for future ethical acts
Carse and Nelson, 96
Alisa L. Carse, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and a Senior Research Fellow at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University and Hilda Lindemann Nelson, M.A., is Director of the Center for Applied and Professional Ethics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 6.1 (1996) 19-35
Many critics argue that care, which is naturally extended to intimates and others with
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it to dyadic relationships or to proximate spheres of social relationship and interaction.
Our plan is an academic intervention- it represents a historic and political act that links the history of racial violence in the United States to social disorder during disasters. Focusing on these methodological questions is the only relevant addition that debaters can make to the academic community.
Apple and Beane ‘7
Michael W. Apple and James A. Beane, Democratic Schools, January 30, 2007, Chapter One: The Case for Democratic Schools
We have chosen to include in this book four examples of democracy brought to life
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are either futile or subversive. They have no legitimate reason for existence.
This examination in the context of disasters provides the power to change social life on a political and personal scale
Giroux 6 - Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University
Henry, 2006, “Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability” College Literature 33.3
Katrina reveals that we are living in dark times. The shadow of authoritarianism remains
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lifeblood of democracy, becomes cold and indifferent in the face of death.
Dependence on diesel generators over solar show an ethical failure of the government during Sandy relief efforts
Tweed 12/5
Katherine Tweed, writes on smart grid, demand response, energy efficiency and home networking for Greentech Media, 12-5-2012, “Can Solar Generators Get a Toehold After Sandy?” Green Tech Media http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/can-solar-generators-get-a-toehold-post-sandy
More than one month after Hurricane Sandy battered many mid-Atlantic states, Chris
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and it’s just a matter of getting them out in front of people.”
Failure to act represents incompetence and an ethical failure of the government
Adams and Balfour 7 – *PhD, Professor @ Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs PhD, Professor @ Grand Valley State University
Guy and Danny, May 2007, “Leadership, Administrative Evil and the Ethics of Incompetence: Lessons from Katrina and Iraq” http://www.ipa.udel.edu/3tad/papers/workshop6/AdamsandBalfour.pdf
Incompetence refers to the inability to properly and effectively perform a given function ¶ (
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public service response to ¶ Hurricane Katrina, to which we now turn.