Tournament: umkc | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Unique Internal link – Oil prices are high now, which is key to the Russian economy and stability

Globe and Mail 9-15

Globe and Mail, 9-15-2012, “For Russia, high energy prices a necessity, not a luxury,” http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/for-russia-high-energy-prices-a-necessity-not-a-luxury/article4546314/

Mr. Putin’s government can … it’s socially dangerous.

Saudi will flood the market if it thinks the US is transitioning away

CNN 11

“Saudi prince calls for lower oil prices” [http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/05/29/us.saudi.prince.oil/] May 29

(CNN) -- Saudi … in the world.

Russian economic collapse triggered by a collapse of oil prices is the most probable scenario for nuclear war

LTC Edward Corcoran, USA-retired, Ph.D., serves as a Senior Fellow on national security issues at GlobalSecurity.org,  April 27, 2011, (http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/110427749-russian-nuclear-strike-asteroi.htm)

An asteroid strike could … from the West. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Unskewed polls prove Romney will win the election

Merkel 9/21

Jesse, Reporter and Pollster, Policy Mic, “Obama vs Romney Polls: When You Crunch the Numbers, Romney is Actually Doing Very Well”, http://www.policymic.com/articles/15145/obama-vs-romney-polls-when-you-crunch-the-numbers-romney-is-actually-doing-very-well

Two things typically … make a difference.

**Nuclear power popular with the public

John Gray. Associate at Perkins Coie. Choosing the nuclear option: the case for a strong regulatory response to encourage nuclear energy development. 41 Ariz. St. L.J. 315-348 (2009).

Environmentalists n155 may … governmental support.

Failure to act on energy will cost Obama the election

Mead 12

Walter Russell Mead is the Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relationshttp://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/06/06/green-politics-hurting-obama-in-swing-states/

These states have … come November.

Romney win rolls back EPA CO2 regs

Star Ledger, 12  (6/3, http://blog.nj.com/njv_editorial_page/2012/06/scary_times_for_environment_--.html)

The grim report … the atmosphere.

EPA Regulations cause global economic collapse

CARUBA 9. [Alan, Public Relations Counselor and member of the Society of Professional Journalists, American Society of Journalists and Authors and the National Association of Science Writers, How to Destroy the U.S. Economy: Regulate Carbon Dioxide, Canada Free Press, Factiva]

In the course of … or never return. 

Extinction

Auslin 9 (Michael, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute, and Desmond Lachman – Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, “The Global Economy Unravels”, Forbes, 3-6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187)

What do these … a big bang.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The Department of Energy should provide loan guarantees for the development of small modular reactors on military bases.

Counterplan solves the aff—DOE loans for installation on military bases are empirically successful

DOE 11

“Energy Department Loan Guarantee Would Support Large-Scale Rooftop Solar Power for U.S. Military Housing” [http://energy.gov/articles/energy-department-loan-guarantee-would-support-large-scale-rooftop-solar-power-us-military] September 7

Washington D.C. – U.S. … The project wi

ll provide low-cost…  from renewable sources.

Expansion plans for F-35s succeeding now but they’re vulnerable to budget pressures

Munshi 8/1

“Glendale's Luke Air Force Base lands F-35 pilot-training mission” [http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles/2012/07/31/20120731glendale-luke-air-force-base-f-35-announcement.html]

The future of … F-35 program.

DoD energy initiatives compete with other funding priorities

Blackwell 7— National Defense Fellow

Kristine, Congressional Research Service, “The Department of Defense: Reducing Its

Reliance on Fossil-Based Aviation Fuel –

Issues for Congress” June 15

There are several … other operational priorities.

F-35 Key to US-Japan Relations

Azuma 11

(Andrew, August 2, pg. http://blog.american.com/2011/08/bolstering-japans-defenses-with-f-35s/)

This December, the … tactical cooperation.

A strong US-Japanese alliance prevents multiple nuclear wars

Armitage 00

Richard Armitage, Deputy Secretary of State, 10-11-00, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/press/Spelreprts/SRJAPAN.HTM “The United States and Japan: Advancing Toward a Mature Partnership”, ACC: 9.11.04, p. online.

 Major war in … global security strategy.

Tournament: UMKC | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Case

Hege

The Heg debate is OVER- U.S. decline is not only inevitable, it has arrived. The U.S. must accept China’s ascendancy.

Christopher Layne 2012 (is Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University; ISQ* peer reviewed: ISI Journal Citation Reports® Ranking: 2010: International Relations: 10 / 73; Political Science: 18 / 139 Impact Factor: 1.523) “This Time It's Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana” International Studies Quarterly, 1-11

The Cold War's end … to fifteen years.

Forward deployed sources hurt readiness—limited feedstock, increased defense requirements, shorts deployment times and increases tactical burdens

Bartis and Van Bibber 11—senior policy researcher @ RAND

James T and Lawrence, “Alternative Fuels for Military Applications” RAND

Concepts for forward… based oil depot.

A second set … and prohibitively expensive.

Transition wars will not occur – the international system is coalition-based, it is not a dyadic transition and international law solves.

Ikenberry ’11 – Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton

G. John Ikenberry, the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University. “A World of Our Making”. Democracy A Journal of Ideas. Issue #21, Summer 2011. http://www.democracyjournal.org/21/a-world-of-our-making-1.php?page=1

A second feature of …than away from it.

No correlation between hegemony and resolving conflicts.

Maher 10—PhD Candidate in Political Science @ Brown

Richard, Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science department at Brown University, The Paradox of American Unipolarity: Why the United States Will Be Better Off in a Post-Unipolar World, 11/12/2010 Orbis, ScienceDirect

Primacy: The Ability to … American security guarantees.

Multipolarity Inevitable

-CIA studies

-rising powers

Layne 9

Christopher, Professor of Political Science at Texas AandM, Review of International Studies, “America’s Middle East grand strategy after Iraq: the moment for offshore balancing has arrived”, 2009, p. asp

Some primacists believe … decade or two.

Prolif

No China war – prefer our evidence.

Fettweis ‘11 – Professor of Political Science @ Tulane

Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 117

The diminution of military …anyone can hope.

Middle East prolif remains contained to Israel and Iran and produces a dyad—other states will not cross the threshold

Hagerty in ‘8,-- Associate Professor of Political Science at University of Maryland,

[Devin, Associate Professor of Political Science at University of Maryland, “Iran, The Nuclear Quandry”, in The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21^st Century Asia, ed. M. Alagappa, P. 315-316]

Would a nuclear…  be far worse.

Doesn’t solve prolif

Smith 11

(Terrance, Feb 16, 2011 “An Idea I Can Do Without: “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations’” http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations) HDG

The reactors are … it helps.

No credibility- The US is not abiding to legally binding disarmament laws

Compliance Campaign-12

( fight for US compliance to International laws), “Iran or the USA: Who really violates international obligations?”, February 3, http://compliancecampaign.wordpress.com/tag/npt/. Google. 7/8/12. JD.

There is no mention … of nuclear weapons.

No nuclear renaissance and SMR’s don’t solve it

The Economist 12

(March 10, 2012, “The dream that failed

A year after Fukushima, the future for nuclear power is not bright—for reasons of cost as much as safety” http://www.economist.com/node/21549936) HDG

Not all democracies do …

transformation is gone.

Proliferation impacts are empirically denied – your authors are alarmists

Krepon 9

Michael. Co-Founder of the Henry L. Stimson Center, a Diplomat Scholar at the University of Virginia, and the author of Better Safe Than Sorry: The Ironies of Living With the Bomb. "The mushroom cloud that wasn't: why inflating threats won't reduce them." Foreign Affairs 88.3 (May-June 2009).

Today, as was …the long haul.

No risk of nuclear tipping points – empirically denied, Cold War was worse, and ignores allies calculations

Gavin 10- international affairs prof and director of Lyndon B Johnson School @ UT Austin

Francis. Professor of International Affairs and Director of the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin. Same As It Ever Was: Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War. International Security. Winter 2009/2010. Muse.

One of the … and Taiwan.

Prolif doesn’t cause escalation

(1)  STATES WILL WANT TO DE-ESCALATE

(2)  RETALIATION WOULD ONLY OCCUR TO SPARK DE-ESCALATION

Waltz in ‘3-- genius/professor @Columbia and Berkeley

[Kenneth N., Genius and Adjunct Professor, Columbia University, Professor Emeritus, UC-Berkeley, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons:  A Debate Renewed, with Scott D. Sagan, p. 33-35.

The presence of …

more to come.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State GN | Judge: Brian Box

Obama winning now – national polling

Bloomberg 9/20

Poll Finds Obama in Better Shape Than Any Nominee Since Clinton. 9/20/12. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-19/obama-leads-among-likely-voters-in-colorado-virginia-wisconsin.html.

President Barack Obama is in a better position to win November’s election than any presidential

AND

government-dependent “victims” who will support Obama in the election.

Loan guarantees unpopular with the public

Kaften ‘11

Cheryl, Columnist, Green Technology World, “2012 Election Survey: Politicians 'Don't Know Which Way the Wind Blows'’, http://green.tmcnet.com/channels/wind-power/articles/237194-2012-election-survey-politicians-dont-know-which-way.htm

Power brokers in Washington, D.C., are so badly out of touch

AND

States through proposed tens of billions in federal loan guarantees for new reactors.”

Energy policy is key to election

Snow 8/14

WASHINGTON, DC, Aug. 14¶ 08/14/2012¶ By Nick Snow¶ OGJ Washington Editor

http://www.ogj.com/articles/2012/08/api-to-intensify-vote-4-energy-effort-in-five-key-states.html

The American Petroleum Institute will increase its Vote 4 Energy program in Colorado, Florida

AND

and 24% Independent, with another 6% unspecified, it said.

2 internal links – Romney will label china a currency manipulator and Obama will do it if he’s going to lose

Dawson and Mason, 12

Stella and Jeff, Columnists @ Reuters, 2/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/13/us-usa-campaign-obama-china-idUSTRE81C0DG20120213

Tough calculus for Obama in Chinese leader's election-year visit¶ Even as he

AND

as we have been in the past, about where we have differences."

Currency manipulation causes rapid Chinese military modernization

Preeg 3

Ernest, Senior Fellow – Manufacturers Alliance, Chinese Currency Manipulation and the U.S. Trade Deficit, 9-25, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2003hearings/written_testimonies/03_09_25/preeg.htm)

3. Adverse impact on U.S. defense capability.–This impact follows

AND

China has virtually unlimited funds available for cash purchases of advanced military capability.

Rapid modernization causes Asian war and Chinese nationalism

Krawitz 3

(Howard M., National Defense U., Modernizing China’s Military: A High-Stakes Gamble, Strategic Forum #204, December)

China is committed to modernizing almost every aspect of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA

AND

resulting instability, if not outright anarchy, could threaten all of Asia.

Extinction

Ogura and Oh 97

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State GN | Judge: Brian Box

The Russian Federation should substantially increase commercial loan guarantees for the purpose of energy production by development of Integral Fast Reactors

Russia solves fast reactors now - they’re the best

Medetski 10

Anatoly August 24 “Aiming to Capitalize On Fast Reactors” MoscowTimes http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/aiming-to-capitalize-on-fast-reactors/413514.html

The idea to build more efficient and environmentally friendly nuclear reactors, which Rudolf Baklushin

AND

information was available to the public about the operational safety of these machines.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State GN | Judge: Brian Box

The affirmative’s production-oriented approach to energy locks-in devastating consumption patterns and guarantees error-replication

Princen 2 – Professor of Natural Resources @ U of Michigan

Thomas, Associate Professor of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy in the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan, where he also co-directs the Workshop on Consumption and Environment, Michael Maniates, Professor of Political Science and Environmental Science at Allegheny College, and Ken Conca, professor of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland,  “Confronting Consumption,” Confronting Consumption, Chapter 1

Such intuition is even making its way, albeit slowly, into scholarly circles,

AND

techniques, all warranting a change in incentive structures via laws and regulations.

Production oriented economics are unsustainable – only an analytical re-orientation can break the cycle of destruction

Princen 2 – Professor of Natural Resources @ U of Michigan

Thomas, Associate Professor of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy in the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan, where he also co-directs the Workshop on Consumption and Environment, Michael Maniates, Professor of Political Science and Environmental Science at Allegheny College, and Ken Conca, professor of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland,  “Confronting Consumption,” Confronting Consumption, Chapter 2

The difficulty in conducting such a transformative research agenda, I submit, Lies in

AND

the analysis. Goods may be good but cautious consuming is better.7

The impact is extinction

Ehrenfeld 5 – Professor of Ecology @ Rutgers

David, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources @ Rutgers University, “The Environmental Limits to Globalization”, Conservation Biology Vol. 19 No. 2, EBSCO

The known effects of globalization on the environment are numerous and highly significant. Many

AND

have become so thoroughly entwined with ours within the global environment we share.

The alternative is to: reject the affirmative and approach the 1ac harms from the angle of consumption

Princen 2 – Professor of Natural Resources @ U of Michigan

Thomas, Associate Professor of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy in the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan, where he also co-directs the Workshop on Consumption and Environment, Michael Maniates, Professor of Political Science and Environmental Science at Allegheny College, and Ken Conca, professor of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland,  “Confronting Consumption,” Confronting Consumption, Chapter 1

Given our dissatisfaction with prevailing, fragmentary approaches to consumption and its externalities, we

AND

, to stimulate thought, and to point to new forms of intervention.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State GN | Judge: Brian Box

Risk and impact of terrorism declining now

Silver ‘10

Nate. Found of FiveThirtyEight.com. Crunching the Risk Numbers. Wall Street Journal. 1/8/10. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703481004574646963713065116.html#printMode.

Overall, academic and governmental databases report, terrorist attacks killed a total of about

AND

flight over Lockerbie, Scotland,—have become dormant or de-radicalized.

Terrorism is not an existential threat – at most it will kill a few hundred people a year – the fear of WMD terrorism is overblown.

Mueller ‘11

John Mueller is Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University. He is the author of Atomic Obsession. “The truth about al Qaeda”. August 5, 2011. CNN’s Global Public Square. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/05/the-truth-about-al-qaeda/

Outside of war zones, the amount of killing carried out by al Qaeda and

AND

terrorism is the wave of the future. No elephants there, either.

Low risk of retaliation– the US would not indiscriminately lash out

Bleek ‘6

Philipp. doctoral candidate in international relations at Georgetown University. Would ‘Deterrence of Negligence’ Reduce the Risk of Catastrophic Terrorism?. August 2006. Online.

But it is not so clear that a devastating military response is so likely in

AND

those behind the attacks responsible and to ensure that further attacks were prevented.

US and Russia will not work cooperatively to solve problems – differing interests and priorities, Russia does not need the U.S. and have negative demands, dislike American solutions, and are concerned with domestic issues.

Shleifer and Treisman ’11 – Professor of Economic at Harvard and Professor of PoliSci at UCLA

Andrei Shleifer, Professor of Economics at Harvard University, and Daniel Treisman, Professor of Political Science at the University of California,Los Angeles, and a Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna. “Why Moscow Says No: A Question of Russian Interests, Not Psychology”. Foreign Affairs. Jan/Feb 2011. Vol. 90, Iss. 1; pg. 122. ProQuest.

Today, Russia and the United States share few interests and even fewer priorities.

AND

, success in each area is critical to retaining power and domestic support.

Shift to MOX fuel solves prolif

Reilly-12

Bill (a retired colonel, formerly headed the U.S. Army's reactor program.), “MOX offers a nuclear power boost”, July 1, http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/2012/jul/01/mox-offers-a-nuclear-power-boost/. Google. 7/9/12. JD.

Disposing of excess weapons material has been a longstanding goal of the U.S

AND

making the world a safer place by reducing the risk of nuclear proliferation.

Leadership increasing now- recent RandD funding on NEW nuclear tech

WNA 12

World nuclear association-12 “Nuclear Power in the USA”, June 6, http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf41.html. Google. 7/8/12. JD.

After 20 years of steady decline, government RandD funding for nuclear energy

AND

$2 billion. See also information page on US Nuclear Power Policy.

No risk of nuclear tipping points – empirically denied, Cold War was worse, and ignores allies calculations

Gavin 10- international affairs prof and director of Lyndon B Johnson School @ UT Austin

Francis. Professor of International Affairs and Director of the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin. Same As It Ever Was: Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War. International Security. Winter 2009/2010. Muse.

One of the greatest fears of nuclear alarmists is that if a key state acquires

AND

" states such as Germany, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

North Korea can easily be deterred—overwhelming American capabilities

Galen Carpenter in 4—CATO analyst

[Ted, CATO Analyst, “Living With the Unthinkable”, National Interest, Winter 2003/2004, p. asp]

INSTEAD OF placing faith in the efficacy of negotiations with a country that has violated

AND

other reasons besides, Washington should continue developing a shield against ballistic missiles.

First, multiple barriers to Iran sparking Middle East prolif-- regional states would not be able to weaponize

Posen in ‘6

[Barry, Professor of Politcal Science at MIT, "We Can Live With a Nuclear Iran", New York Times, Feb. 27, p. online]

A Middle Eastern arms race is a frightening thought, but it is improbable.

AND

. But what about the notion that such weapons will facilitate Iranian aggression?

No impact or risk from Pakistani loose nukes

Mueller ’10 – professor of political science at OSU

John Mueller, professor of political science at Ohio State University, Calming Our Nuclear Jitters, Issues in Science and Technology, Winter 2010, Vol. 26, Issue 2

The terrorist group might also seek to steal or illicitly purchase a "loose nuke

AND

and, in the case of Pakistan, the weapons would be disassembled.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State GN | Judge: Brian Box

Emissions from uranium mining and plant building cause warming more than nuclear solves it

Mez 12

(Lutz Mez, Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 5/7/12, “Nuclear energy–Any solution for sustainability and climate protection?” Science Direct)

In the coming decades, indirect CO2 emissions from nuclear power plants will moreover increase

AND

received any attention in international climate-protection negotiations to this very day.

Warming is not anthropogenic—comparative climate models prove a) the climate is not as sensitive as previously though and b) Co2 concentrations can’t explain past warming

Spencer 8 –former head climate scientist @ NASA

(Roy, principal research scientist at the University of Alabama, former senior scientist for climate studied at NASA and now leads the U.S. science team for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS on NASA’s Aqua satellite. [http://www.drroyspencer.com/research-articles/global-warming-as-a-natural-response/]  “Global Warming as a Natural Response to Cloud Changes Associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)”/December 29)

A simple climate model forced by satellite-observed changes in the Earth’s radiative budget

AND

been complete or accurate enough to document such a change…until recently.

No runaway warming—satellite data proves the climate system isn’t sensitive to human causes and would cause less than 1 degree of warming

Spencer 10—former head climate scientist @ NASA

(Roy, principal research scientist at the University of Alabama and former senior scientist for climate studies at NASA. He now leads the US science team for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS on NASA’s Aqua Satellite “The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World’s Top Climate Scientists,” pg 100-102)

Don’t be discouraged if you don’t understand these plots of data and my interpretation of

AND

. C (1.8 deg. F)-possibly much less.

And, consensus of experts agree no impact to warming

Hsu ‘10

Jeremy, Live Science Staff, July 19, pg. http://www.livescience.com/culture/can-humans-survive-extinction-doomsday-100719.html

His views deviate sharply from those of most experts, who don't view climate change

AND

crop yields, so we're essentially doing an experiment whose result remains uncertain."

***Past adaptation proves we’ll survive—they were equally as drastic/rapid

Vaidyanathan 10—fellow @ International Development Center

 [Gayathri Vaidyanathan, Scientific American, “How Have Hominids Adapted to Past Climate Change?,” 4/13/10, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=hominids-adapt-to-past-climate-change]

Studying past changes could provide clues about future evolutionary adaptations as humans address anthropogenic global

AND

because we are a species that's emerged from a long history of adaptation."

Your Impacts are empirically disproved - a distinct species dies every 20 minutes and biodiversity has recovered after the last 5 extinctions.

Science Daily ‘2

“Extinction Rate Across the Globe Reaches Historical Proportions.” 1/10/2002.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/01/020109074801.htm

Levin's column noted that on average, a distinct species of plant or animal becomes

AND

a permanent state, especially if vast tracts of wilderness area are destroyed.

There were already several mass extinctions – there was no permanent extinction of life.

Kunich ‘94

John Charles Kunich, udge Advocate specializing in environmental law and with Highest Honors 1993 George Washington University School of Law. Environmental Law. Spring 1994. “SPECIES and HABITAT CONSERVATION: THE FALLACY OF DEATHBED CONSERVATION UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT.” Lexis

More dramatically, mass extinctions have occurred at a few points in earth's history,

AND

yet more species are currently living than at any time in the past.

Warming is inevitable—peer reviewed study shows no plausible solution

Kerr 11

Richard “Bleak Prospects for Avoiding Dangerous Global Warming” [http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/10/bleak-prospects-for-avoiding-dangerous.html] October 23

The bad news just got worse: A new study finds that reining in greenhouse

AND

creating biofuels and storing the carbon dioxide from their combustion in the ground.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The fifty states and relevant sub-national actors should _____.

The states can do the plan

Haynes 5 (Rusty, Policy Analyst, N.C. Solar Center, N.C. State University, “Systematic Support for Renewable Energy in the United States and Beyond: A Selection of Policy Options and Recommendations” http://www.dsireusa.org/documents/PolicyPublications/Haynes_KIER_Keynote.pdf)

In the absence of strong, continuous federal support for renewable energy, dozens of

AND

incentives, rebates, grants, production incentives and low-interest loans.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gonzaga EO | Judge: Matt Munday

Manufacturing is growing and we’ll surpass China again

Hemphill and Perry 12

(Thomas Hemphill, professor of strategy, innovation and public policy at the University of Michigan, and Mark Perry, scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, April 2012, “A U.S. Manufacturing Strategy for the 21st Century: What Policies Yield National Sector Competitiveness?” Proquest)

The concerns expressed by the U.S. electorate about the status of manufacturing

AND

many critics believe the nation is overdue for a "national manufacturing strategy."

The nuclear energy industry depends on a strong workforce

Unistar 10

(Unistar Nuclear Energy, January 2010, “Rebuilding the nucleaR eneRgy WoRkfoRce” http://www.unistarnuclear.com/IB/workforce.pdf)

The reinvigoration of the nuclear energy industry will depend on the availability of qualified staff

AND

, fringe benefits, and good working conditions for all craft workers.2

Workforce shortage will wreck the nuclear industry

Unistar 10

(Unistar Nuclear Energy, January 2010, “Rebuilding the nucleaR eneRgy WoRkfoRce” http://www.unistarnuclear.com/IB/workforce.pdf)

However, the simple fact is that the nuclear energy industry faces a serious workforce

AND

an additional 13 percent is expected to leave due to other reasons.”9

ITAAC regulations scare off investors

Ben-Moshe et. al 9

Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M Gale (Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins' San Diego office and serves as

global Co-Chair for the firm's Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups.), Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason**(The co-authors are attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP), “Financing the Nuclear Renaissance: The Benefits and Potential Pitfalls of Federal and (and) State Government Subsidies and the Future of Nuclear Power in California” Energy Law Journal, 2009, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?men_tab=srchresultsandhandle=hein.journals/energy30andid=532andsize=2andcollection=journalsandterms=loan%20guarantees|guarantees|loan|Loan%20guarantees|Loan%20Guaranteesandtermtype=phraseandset_as_cursor=#527

However, the NRC still retains discretion to confirm that, once built, a

AND

under the COL is better understood following implementation), largely reduce that anxiety.

No causality – economic decline doesn’t cause war

Ferguson 6 – prof of history @ Harvard

Niall Ferguson 2006, Professor of History @ Harvard, The Next War of the World, Foreign Affairs 85.5, Proquest

There are many unsatisfactory explanations for why the twentieth century was so destructive. One

AND

economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars.

The United States federal government should:

-pass comprehensive business tax reform

-make the RandE tax credit permanent

-implement a minimum tax on foreign earnings

-improve US transportation infrastructure

-implement an $8 billion “Community College to Career Fund”

-increase federal investment in advance manufacturing by 19%

-establish a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation.

Solves the manufacturing industry

Boushey 12—senior economist @ Center for American Progress

“Tax Reform and the U.S. Manufacturing Sector” Heather, [http://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/general/report/2012/07/19/11949/tax-reform-and-the-u-s-manufacturing-sector/] July 19

To support manufacturing, I recommend that this Congress focus on a few key items

AND

universities, all with the aim of increasing and scaling up manufacturing production.

You impacts assume diversionary theory – it has been empirically disproven – domestic unrest due to economic decline makes it less likely leaders can engage in interstate conflict.

Boehmer 7 – associate prof of poly sci @ UT-El Paso

Charles Boehmer, Associate Professor, Dept. of Political Science @ University of Texas at El Paso. “The Effects of Economic Crisis, Domestic Discord, and State Efficacy on the Decision to Initiate Interstate Conflict”. Politics and Policy. Volume 35, Issue 4, Pages 774-809. Wiley InterScience. December 7, 2007.

I have theorized in this study that economic growth should be positively related to militarized

AND

appear secure, meaning they face manageable levels of internal protest and rebellion.

Can’t solve the economy – plan’s economic growth doesn’t leave the US

Kose and Prasad 9

M. Ayhan Kose, Eswar Prasad. M. Ayhan Kose is a senior economist in the research department of the International Monetary Fund. Eswar Prasad is the Tolani senior professor of trade policy at Cornell University and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. “The Decoupling Debate is Back!” Foreign Policy. June 2009. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=5010

The question still remains whether emerging markets as a group have become more self-

AND

economies using other policy measures to offset some of the fall in exports.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Texas ChMa | Judge: Todd Jordan

Resolved is a determined course of action

Cambridge Dictionary 2k

Cambridge University Press p.728

Resolve – v. to make a determined decision; n. strong determination

 Speculate means conjecture, means you don't increase domestic energy production

Aker, 2012

September 10, 2012 “The AfroFuturist / AfroSurrealist Connection: The Visionary As Spectacle” http://futuristicallyancient.com/2012/09/10/the-afrofuturistafrosurrealist-connection-the-visionary-as-spectacle/

In reference to the word “vision,” it relates to other words like sight

AND

connects it to words like spectacle, spectrum, specter, and spectator.

Conjecture has already occurred (the resolution)- there’s no reason to vote AFF. Debate should focus on definition and quality; it makes the activity sustainable.

Four points of stasis:

Forum- place (college debate activity)

Conjecture- resolution

Definition- what resolution means

Quality- test resolution

Waldock, 2011

David Waldock, “Points of stasis and topoi: a handy tool for helping to analyse and structure arguments” http://davidwaldock.wordpress.com/2011/05/02/points-of-stasis-and-topoi-a-handy-tool-for-helping-to-analyse-and-structure-arguments/

What, I hear you ask, is a point of stasis? A point

AND

question becomes whether this is something that criminal or civil law should address.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Texas ChMa | Judge: Todd Jordan

Must evaluate consequences – the alternative is moral absolutism that generates evil

Isaac ‘2—Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington

Jeffery C., Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale  Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest.

As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It

AND

not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

An ethic of consequences enables political responsibility and freedom.

Williams ‘5

(Michael, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales—Aberystwyth, The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations, p. 174-176)

A commitment to an ethic of consequences reflects a deeper ethic of criticism, of

AND

— it is both a condition of, and imperative toward, responsibility.

Elevating Human extinction to a real possibility through policy consideration encourages a new social ethic to solve conflicts and create meaning to life.

Epstein and Zhao in ‘9

Richard J. Epstein and Y. Zhao, Laboratory of Computational Oncology,Department of Medicine,University of Hong Kong, Professorial

Block,Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. “The Threat That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Human Extinction”. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, volume 52, number 1 (winter 2009):116–25. Project Muse.

Final ends for all species are the same, but the journeys will be different

AND

now all too often dismiss as “human nature” (Tudge 1989).

Their whole try-or-die argument is backwards. Bataille’s vision of ecstasy sends us to our death.

Johnson ‘3

DAVID JOHNSON has a DPhil. in English and Related Literature (York University), an MA (Distinction) in Continental Philosophy (Warwick University) and a BA (Hons) in Literature and Philosophy (Middlesex Polytechnic). Time and Society copyright © 2003 available via SAGE database

Bataille affirms the living moment, but as a moment that creates transience (the

AND

of death is more important than a mere leap from life into death.

Bataille’s reasoning justifies atrocities and death.

Boldt-Irons 2k

(Leslie Anne, Associate Professor of French at Brock University, “Military discipline and revolutionary exaltation: the dismantling of “l’illusion lyrique” in Malraux’s L’Espoir and Bataille’s Le Bleu du Ciel,” Romantic Review, vol. 91 issue 4, p. 481)

In 1933, Bataille contributed a review of André Malraux’s novel La Condition humaine to

AND

for which even death in all its atrocity might be the payment required.

Bataille wildly inflates the value of ecstasy and tempting death – in doing so, he ignores the value of living

Johnson ‘3

DAVID JOHNSON has a DPhil. in English and Related Literature (York University), an MA (Distinction) in Continental Philosophy (Warwick University) and a BA (Hons) in Literature and Philosophy (Middlesex Polytechnic). Time and Society copyright © 2003 available via SAGE database

Life is a serious business of highly charged temporal stakes, involving a being’s struggle

AND

most postmodernist/ post-structuralist philosophers to be perhaps the cruellest thinker.

Bataille’s premise of inevitable extinction is simply wrong.

Johnson ‘3

DAVID JOHNSON has a DPhil. in English and Related Literature (York University), an MA (Distinction) in Continental Philosophy (Warwick University) and a BA (Hons) in Literature and Philosophy (Middlesex Polytechnic). Time and Society copyright © 2003 available via SAGE database

I shall assume that time cannot be separated from space, and that time is

AND

restricted view of time not be a slave perspective in the Nietzschean sense? 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
diplomaticunion [ AT ] gmail [ DOT ] com

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: 

IAEA working now

Dahl 12

(Fredrik, August 15, 2012, “U.N. atom agency sees "significant" nuclear safety progress” http:~/~/www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/15/com/article/2012/08/15/us-nuclear-safety-iaea-idUSBRE87E0GC20120815) HDG

Important progress has

AND

preparedness and information.

SMRs destroys IAEA’s resources and effectiveness

Lyman 11

(Edwin, Senior Scientist, Global Security Program Union of Concerned Scientists, June 7, 2011, Testimony on S. 512, “The Nuclear Power 2021 Act” and S. 1067, “The Nuclear Energy Research Initiative Improvement Act of 2011” Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. Senate, http:~/~/www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/pdf) HDG

The distributed deployment of small

AND

would be difficult, if even feasible.

Resources key to prevent nuclear terrorism and reactor explosions

Zedillo 8

(Ernesto. Director of the Yale Center for the study of globalization. 9/4/8. http:~/~/www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=7801url:http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=7801)

G8 leaders meeting in Japan during the second

AND

unpredictable and unstable voluntary basis.

Nuclear Terror leads to extinction

Morgan, 9

Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea (Dennis, Futures, November, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race,” Science Direct)

In a remarkable website on nuclear

AND

and suffering in a nuclear winter.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: 

Text: The United States Federal Government should obtain, through alternative financing, electricity from small gas-cooled nuclear reactors, small liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactors, and small molten salt-cooled nuclear reactors for military bases in the United States.

It competes – “small modular reactors” include 60 different reactor designs – the plan mandates the inclusion of “water reactors” – the CP excludes it

King et al 11 (Dr. Marcus, Research Analyst and Project Director – CNA Corporation's Center for Naval Analyses, LaVar Huntzinger, and Thoi Nguyen, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations,” CNA Analysis and Solutions, March, http:~/~/www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Militaryurl:http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military %20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf)

Status of SMR technologies and commercialization ¶

AND

and HPM designs are given in figure 2.

It’s net-beneficial –

Light water reactors causes proliferation

Sokolski 4 (Henry, Executive Director – Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, in the Preface of "A Fresh Examination of the Proliferation Dangers of Light Water Reactors," NPEC, 10-19, http://npec.xykon-llc.com/files/20041022-GilinskyEtAl-LWR.pdf)

The U.S. and its allies are now trying to

AND

made of pure weapons grade plutonium.

water-based reactors produce massive amounts of tritium as a byproduct

Morgan and Shea 10 (Daniel, and Dana A., Special in Science and Technology – CRS, “The Helium-3 Shortage: Supply, Demand, and Options for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, 12-22, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41419.pdf)

In addition to the nuclear weapons program,

AND

shortage, this perception may change.

Even a limited amount of tritium causes thermonuclear weapon development – makes nuclear terrorism feasible

Gsponer and Hurni 8 (Dr. Andre, PhD in Physics and Research Associate – University of Chicago, and Jean-Pierre, PhD in Physics – University of Geneva, “ITER: The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and the Nuclear Weapons Proliferation Implications of Thermonuclear-Fusion Energy Systems,” Independent Scientific Research Institute, 2-2, http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0401110.pdf)

Technical points related to thermonuclear weapons

AND

future-generation nuclear weapons.

Extinction

Wilson 4 (Jim, Professor – Naval Post Graduate School and Chief Scientist – Neptune Sciences, “Dangerous Science,” Popular Mechanics, Vol. 181, Iss. 8; pg. 75, Research Library database. 2004, August. Project muse)

BEYOND H-BOMBS Although explosions

AND

terrorists bent on ending civilization.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent: George Washington  | Judge: 

Japan will eliminate nuclear now – Key to Noda election victory

Inajima and Okada 9/6 (Tsuyoshi Inajima and Yuji Okada, Bloomberg, “Japan Weighs Its Energy Options Amid Nuclear, Renewables Debate”, 9/6/12, http:~/~/www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/09/com/rea/news/article/2012/09/japan-weighs-its-energy-options-amid-nuclear-renewables-debate)

Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda, facing

AND

Morgan Stanley Securities Co., said by phone.

Japan models the plan – Prevents the phase out

Nye and Armitage 12 *Joseph, American political scientist and former Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard **Richard, 13th United States Deputy Secretary of State, the second-in-command at the State Department (August 2012, “The U.S.-Japan Alliance anchoring stability in asia” A report of the csis japan chair, http:~/~/csis.org/files/publication/120810_Armitage_USJapanAlliance_pdf)

The tragedies of March 11, 2011, are fresh in our

AND

on nuclear research and development is essential.

Abe victory escalates the Senkaku islands dispute

Bloomberg 9/26 (“Ex-Japan Premier Abe Named Head of LDP Before Election Fight”, 9/26/12, http:~/~/www.businessweek.com/news/2012-09-26/com/news/2012-09-26/former-japan-premier-abe-elected-as-head-of-opposition-ldp)

An advocate of revising

AND

the situation with that strategic awareness.”

Goes nuclear

Tatlow 9/14 (Didi Kirsten, China columnist for the International Herald Tribune, “Rising Tension — and Stakes — in Japan-China Island Dispute”, 9/14/12, http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/14/rising-tension-and-stakes-in-japan-china-island-dispute/)

It has all the ingredients of

AND

the dispute, claiming it would be “simpler.”

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 8 | Opponent: UMKC DW | Judge: 

Text: The United States federal government should extend the Production Tax Credit of 2.2 cents per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced from wind energy for four years. The United States federal government should institute a renewable portfolio standard after the lapse of the Production Tax Credit extension, requiring 20% of all electricity produced in the United States be from wind power.

Four years sufficient- wind will achieve grid parity by 2016 and it’s a long enough investment to solve predictability

Bloomberg ‘12

Bloomberg View, Aug 21, 2012, “Extend Wind-Power Tax Credit Now, So It Can Die Later,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-21/extend-wind-power-tax-credit-now-so-it-can-die-later.html

Since U.S. President Barack com/barack-obama/

AND

tax support they will have.¶

The counterplan is popular- it creates a clear federal exit strategy from market support and short term extension is popular

Bloomberg ‘12

Bloomberg View, Aug 21, 2012, “Extend Wind-Power Tax Credit Now, So It Can Die Later,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-21/extend-wind-power-tax-credit-now-so-it-can-die-later.html

Even smarter would be to

AND

help the wind business succeed.

New, permanent spending undermines perception of fiscal discipline and contributes to structural budget deficits that undermine the US economy

Zuckerman 01 (Mortimer, Editor-in-Chief, US News and World Report, 10/15, lexis)

The overall economic package—

AND

 accelerate capital spending.

This perceived loss of fiscal discipline cripples the US economy

Bergsten 04 (C. Fred, director of the Institute for International Economics, "The Risks Ahead for the World Economy," Economist, 9/9, http://www.economist.com/opinion/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3172404)

Robert Rubin, former

AND

but neither is it unlikely.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 8 | Opponent: UMKC DW | Judge: 

Rare earth supply and demand are stable now but supply is limited – the plan causes supply shortages and bottlenecks

Bloomberg 12 (Jim Snyder writer for Bloomberg, January 5, 2012, Five Rare Earths Crucial for Clean Energy Seen In Short Supply, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-05/five-rare-earths-crucial-for-clean-energy-seen-in-short-supply.html)

Falling Prices While prices of

AND

a capable workforce,” the report said.

This makes the US completely dependent on China REMs

Dent 9

Peter C. Dent, Vice President of Business Development at Electron Energy Corporation, August 2009, “HIGH PERFORMANCE MAGNET MATERIALS: RISKY SUPPLY CHAIN,” online: http://www.electronenergy.com/media/amp16708p27.pdf

Today, nearly 100% of the

AND

in the United States.

China cutting off exports ending now-~--collapses civilization

Adams 10

Mike Adams, Editor of NaturalNews, January 26, 2010, “Global supply of rare earth elements could be wiped out by 2012,” online: http://www.naturalnews.com/028028_rare_earth_elements_mining.html

It's the bubble you've probably

AND

much of western civilization rests.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wyoming BF | Judge: 

A.   MLP’s not topical

1.    Not a restriction “on” production.  The current tax code restricts renewable investors from getting tax treatment as partnerships.  This is not a restriction on renewable production.

The word “on” in the resolution is a preposition describing the relationship between the verb restriction and the object production

University of Houston-Clear Lake Writing Center 12

http://prtl.uhcl.edu/portal/page/portal/WC/Files/TIPSHEET_ESLEDITING

Prepositions are words that express

AND

of the preposition, “phone.”

The word “on” is a preposition indictating a direct relationship between the verb restrictions and the noun production:

GrammarUnited 08

http://www.grammaruntied.com/nouns/ObjectP.html

Prepositions are small words

AND

 of the complete predicate.

2.    Not a Financial incentive “for” production.   MLP’s do provide an incentive for individual investors to contribute to energy companies but they are not directly applied “for” production.

“For” in the resolution is a function word that identifies the direct purpose incentives must be tied to.

Knutson 10

Scott Knudson, author and writer http://www.examiner.com/article/forgiving-it-s-meaning-is-its-syllables

The word “for” is a function word that indicates “purpose”.

Merriam Webster Online

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for

Definition of FOR 1 a —used as a function word to indicate purpose a grant for studying medicine

MLP’s are simply a way for investors to pay at a lower tax rate.  It is not a direct restriction or incentive tied directly to production.  It is simply a way for energy companies to get a larger pool of capital—It is not a direct incentive.  It is an indirect way of raising money that could have the effect of production.  It has multiple chains of effects

Sherlock 11

¶ Master Limited Partnerships: A Policy Option for the Renewable Energy Industry ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ Molly F. Sherlock ¶ Analyst in Economics ¶ ¶ Mark P. Keightley ¶ Analyst in Public Finance http://www.renewableenergypost.com/

An MLP is a type of business

AND

in the renewable energy sector.

Standards:

(1) Limits: under any other interpretation the AFF could reduce ANY regulation on business or administration. OR anything that increased the costs of production. That means AFFs to remove employment restrictions, foreign tariffs, health care mandates, etc would be topical. Small limits are key to topic debate and competitive equity.

(2) Ground: any restriction on the “operation” and not “production” undermines core NEG ground. It’s already hard enough to be NEG; don’t allow interps that make the topical bidirectional.

Beinecke, 2012

Frances Beinecke, Switchboard/NRDC, CommonDreams, “Obama Administration Must Say No to Industry Loopholes in Natural Gas Fracking Standards” April 15, https://www.commondreams.org/view/2012/04/15-0

NRDC experts analyzed green

AND

swallows the rule.

Topicality is a voter for fairness and education

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wyoming BF | Judge: 

The United States federal government should:

-pass comprehensive business tax reform

-make the RandE tax credit permanent

-implement a minimum tax on foreign earnings

-improve US transportation infrastructure

-implement an $8 billion “Community College to Career Fund”

-increase federal investment in advance manufacturing by 19%

-establish a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation.

CP Solves Economy

Boushey 12—senior economist @ Center for American Progress

“Tax Reform and the U.S. Manufacturing Sector” Heather, http://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/general/report/2012/07/19/11949/tax-reform-and-the-u-s-manufacturing-sector/ July 19

To support manufacturing, I

AND

scaling up manufacturing production.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wyoming BF | Judge: 

The United States federal government should pass the People’s Climate Stewardship Act

And it solves warming

Hansen et al 12

(James Hanson, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute. Pushker Kharecha, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute. Makiko Sato, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute. Frank Ackerman, Stockholm Environment Institute-US Center, Tufts University. Paul J. Hearty, Department of Environmental Studies, University of North Carolina at Wilmington. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Global Change Institute. Shi-Ling Hsu, Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia, Canada. Fred Krueger, National Religious Coalition on Creation Care. Camille Parmesan, Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin. Stefan Rahmstorf, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Johan Rockstrom, Stockholm Resilience Center. Eelco J. Rohling, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. Pete Smith, Columbia University Earth Institute. Konrad Steffan, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Lise Van Susteren, Advisory Board, Center for Health and Global Environment, Harvard Medical School. Karina von Schuckmann, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LOCEAN. James C. Zachos, Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Santa Cruz, Submitted February 2012 Scientific Case for Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change to Protect Young People and Nature” Proc Nat Acad Sci) HDG *note, article passed peer review *note, has passed peer review

Economic analyses indicate that a

AND

like a conservative climate plan."

Tournament: Emporia | Round: 2 | Opponent: Whitman MM | Judge: 

Text: The United States federal government should remove the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and delegate nuclear waste management authority to the private sector. The United States federal government should ban federal subsidies for nuclear power.

Plan would allow adoption of commercial reprocessing—that creates limitless energy and mitigates waste

Spencer and Slobodien 12 – *sr research fellow on nuclear policy @ Heritage Foundation, doctoral student in int’l politics and security, **Senior Editorial Services Associate @ Heritage

Jack Spencer and Rachael Slobodien, “Is a Nuclear Renaissance Approaching?”, http:~/~/blog.heritage.org/2012/02/15/is-a-nuclear-renaissance-approaching/http://blog.heritage.org/2012/02/15/is-a-nuclear-renaissance-approaching/, February 12 2012

The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of

AND

provide fuel-management services.

The CP levels the energy playing field

Koplow 11

(Doug and Ellen Koplow, United Nations Environment Programme's Working Group on Economic Instruments, MBA – Harvard, and Vancko, project manager – nuclear/climate @ UCS, February 2011 “Nuclear Power: Still Not Viable without Subsidies” http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear_subsidies_report.pdf)

Reduce, not expand, subsidies to the

AND

subsidy per kilowatt-hour delivered.

Accidents DA—subsidies cause fast and risky nuclear construction without safety upgrades—causes meltdowns that destroy the industry

Koplow 11

(Doug and Ellen Koplow, United Nations Environment Programme's Working Group on Economic Instruments, MBA – Harvard, and Vancko, project manager – nuclear/climate @ UCS, February 2011 “Nuclear Power: Still Not Viable without Subsidies” http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear_subsidies_report.pdf)

Because operating costs account for a

AND

and lower risk profiles.

Extinction

Wasserman 01

(Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, “America's Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself”, October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)

Without continous monitoring and guaranteed

AND

of our life and of all future generations must be shut down. 

Tournament: Emporia | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMKC JW | Judge: 

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia should affirm the Third Circuit Court decision in New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection v. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

The D.C. circuit has jurisdiction over federal agencies and empirically strikes down regulations

Adler 2K

Jonathan Adler is a senior fellow in environmental policy at the Competitive Enterprise¶ Institute, a nonpartisan, nonprofit research and advocacy organization in Washington, D.C., where he¶ previously served as Director of Environmental Studies P o l i c y S t u d y N o . 2 6 9¶ No Intelligible Principles:¶ The EPA's Record in Federal Court¶ http://reason.org/files/3217ecd7bf37b4ea6aa81d4dc9f59a26.pdf

The U.S. Court of Appeals

AND

to¶ agency actions, across the board, will fail to get through each hoop.41

The media does not Focus on D.C. decisions

Unah 02

Isaac Unah University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The American Political Science edu:2048/action/showPublication?journalCode=amerpoliscierevi, Vol. 96, No. 1 (Mar., 2002), pp. 202-203 ¶ Published by: American Political Science edu:2048/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=apsa

For decades the U.S. courts

AND

were relatively invisible.

Tournament: Emporia | Round: 6 | Opponent: Missouri State CP | Judge: 

Energy is the barrier to US space weapons- only DOD SMR development allows the Air Force to deploy a space laser

Maybury, 12

(Chief Scientist-USAF, “Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy SandT Vision 2011-2026,” 1/31, http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf)

Space is the ―ultimate high ground,

AND

, their utility on board space based assets increases.

U.S. space weapons would spark an arms race – causes first use of ASATs – deterrence would not apply.

Su ‘10

Jinyuan Su, The Silk Road Institute of International and Comparative Law, School of Law, Xi'an Jiaotong University. “Towards an effective and adequately verifiable PPWT”. Space Policy Volume 26, Issue 3, August 2010. ScienceDirect.

First, deployment of space-based

AND

would worsen as more states acquired an ASAT capability.

They cannot win on impact turns- deterrence collapse inevitable and causes extinction

Hitchens ‘8

Theresa Hitchens, directs the Center for Defense Information in Washington, D.C., and leads its Space Security Project, in cooperation with the Secure World Foundation. She is author of Future Security in Space: Charting a Cooperative Course (2004) and was editor of Defense News from 1998 until 2000. “Space Wars”. Scientific American, Mar2008, Vol. 298, Issue 3. EbscoHost

Yet any arms race in space would

AND

accidental one would be highly problematic.

Tournament: Emporia | Round: 6 | Opponent: Missouri State CP | Judge: 

The United States Federal Government should procure small modular nuclear reactors for military facilities in the United States.

Counterplan solves the case and avoids innovation DA

CSPO 10,

Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes at ASU, “four policy principles for energy innovation and climate change: a synthesis”, June, http:~/~/www.catf.us/resources/publications/files/pdf

Government purchase of new

AND

energy technologies could be similarly important.

PPAs kill innovation – no incentive

Wesoff 10

Eric. Anatomy of a Power Purchase Agreement. 5/12/10. http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/anatomy-of-a-power-purchase-agreement/.

Marc Roper, the VP of Sales at PPA

AND

market through other means than PPAs.

Great power war

Baru 9

Sanjaya is a Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009 , pages 163–168.

The management of the economy, and

AND

growth and military power – the classic ‘guns vs butter’ dilemma.

Tournament: Emporia | Round: Octas | Opponent: Whitman MM | Judge: 

The United States Department of Defense should increase procurement contracts for small modular nuclear reactors for domestic military installations.

SMRs solve the aff

Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR

Richard and Andrea, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf February

Domestic Nuclear Expertise. From the perspective

AND

, performance, and proliferation resistance.

The net benefit is accidents – Large reactors have them

Smith 11

GAR SMITH JUNE 2011 NUCLEAR ROULETTE http:~/~/ifg.org/pdf/Nuclear_Roulette_pdf (GAR SMITH—Editor Emeritus of Earth Island Journal, a former editor of Common Ground magazine, a Project Censored Award-winning journalist, and co-founder of Environmentalists Against War.)

As Fukushima made clear, reactor cores aren’t

AND

observed: “There’s no system foolproof enough to defeat a sufficiently great fool.” 38

SMRs dont

Loudermilk 11

Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375 AD 9/18/12

Although large reactors possess a stellar safety record throughout their

AND

accident affecting one reactor would be limited to that individual reactor.

Meltdowns cause extinction

Lendman 11 – Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan)

For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming. In her 1978 book, "

AND

, aftershocks, and tsunamis seem mild by comparison. Potentially, millions of lives will be jeopardized. 

2NC - DoE CP/Case
1NR - Politics
2NR - Politics/Case

2NC - Russia CP, Production K, Case
1NR - Politics
2NR - Russia CP, Politics, Case

2AC ended up kicking everything and impact turning politics

2NR was politics...

2NC - Production K, Case
1NR - T-Speculate, Framework
2NR - T-Speculate