Tournament: UMKC  | Round: 1 | Opponent: Emporia CW  | Judge: Andy Casey

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Houston BJ | Judge: Eric Morris 

Warming 

Exhaustion of all resources inev-only SPS can meet energy needs 

Snead ‘9 (Mike, senior member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) a past chair of the AIAA’s Space Logistics Technical Committee, and the founder and president of the Spacefaring Institute LLC, “The Vital Need for America to Develop Space Solar Power,” The Space Review, May 4, 2009, PM)

The threat of energy scarcity is quite real and should not be ignored by the 

AND

, reasonableness dictates that the serious engineering development of SSP be started now. 

Scenario one: warming 

Its real and anthropogenic

-different warrants 

Prothero 12 (M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. degrees in geological sciences from Columbia University, and a B.A. in geology and biology from the University of California, Riverside, Professor of Geology at Occidental College in Los Angeles, and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, “How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused”  Skeptic. Altadena: 2012. Vol. 17, Iss. 2; pg. 14, 10 pgs, proquest) HDG 

How do we know that global warming is real and primarily human caused? There 

AND

Florida, and most of the world's river deltas) would be drowned. 

CO2 causes warming-newest study confirms 

Spotts 12 (Pete, staff writer, April 5, 2012, “Ice age study delivers blow to global-warming skeptics” http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2012/0405/Ice-age-study-delivers-blow-to-global-warming-skeptics?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+feeds%2Fenvironment+%28Christian+Science+Monitor+|+Environment%29) 

Rising levels of carbon dioxide drove much of the global warming that thawed Earth at 

AND

comparable to the one scientists today see as the most-likely value. 

Scientific Consensus goes aff

EDF 11 (Environmental Defense Fund, leading national nonprofit organization representing more than 700,000 members.  Citing Science and the IPCC, as well as other multinational climate organizations, “Scientific Consensus on the Basic Facts of Global Warming,” http://www.edf.org/climate/scientific-consensus) 

The most respected scientific bodies have stated unequivocally that global warming is occurring, and 

AND

warming is real. The time to start working on solutions is now.

Avoiding 450 PPM is key 

Hansen ‘9 

(Climate Scientist at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies at NASA and professor in the department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University, received the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal which is the highest award for atmospheric research of the American Meteorological Society, Time Magazine’s Top 100 Most influential People, Member of the National Academy of Sciences, PhD in Physics and Astronomy at the University of Iowa (John, “Storms of our grandchildren”, pages 158-160,) 

Now let us turn to the question of why atmospheric carbon dioxide changed during the 

AND

per square meter, restoring the planet’s energy balance, to first approximation.

The impacts 

First is Ocean Acidification 

There is a new consensus that warming will destroy the Oceans in ways that haven’t been seen for 300 million years

Hance 12

Jeremy Hance¶ mongabay.com    2,600 scientists: climate change killing the world's coral reefs¶ ¶ July 10, 2012¶ http://news.mongabay.com/2012/0710-hance-coral-reefs-climate-statment.html

In an unprecedented show of concern, 2,600 (and rising) of 

AND

the world to act on climate change—but it is closing rapidly." 

Extinction—emission reductions are critical to preventing this

Romm 2009

 (Joe, a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 “Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm #88 on its list of 100 “people who are reinventing America.” Time named him a “Hero of the Environment″ and “The Web’s most influential climate-change blogger.” Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw $1 billion in RandD, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT, “Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary ,” http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/,)

Global warming is “capable of wrecking the marine ecosystem and depriving future generations of 

AND

that life “” the time to start slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now.

Second is hydrogen sulfide poisoning 

Warming induces hydrogen sulfide poisoning. This destroys the ozone and causes extinction.

Ward 2010 

(Peter, PhD, professor of Biology and Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington, paleontologist and NASA astrobiologist, Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, June 29, 2010,)

In the rest of this chapter I will support a contention that within several millennia 

AND

that a new generation will quickly decide to open their ears and listen.

 Third is Methane 

CO2 emissions will release methane from the tundra and destroy life

Atcheson 04 

(John, former Department of Energy senior policy analyst and geologist, has held a variety of policy positions in several federal government agencies “Ticking Time Bomb,” December 15, 2004) 

The Arctic Council's recent report on the effects of global warming in the far north 

AND

the mass extinction of life on Earth. We have to act now. 

Warming leads to extinction – SSP is key

Flournoy 12 – PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College @ Ohio University, Former Associate Dean @ State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications @ Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University 

Don, "Solar Power Satellites," January, Springer Briefs in Space Development, Book

The National Space Society (NSS) hosts annual conferences that include ses- sions 

AND

our Sun” (Hsu 2010) (Fig. 2.1).

And, SPS becomes competitive with coal

Gomez et al 09 (Raul, Evelyn Panier, Xin Sun and Cornelius Zund

AND

MBA Toulouse Business School – France, July 20, 2009, PM)

According to the International Energy Agency, the burning of fossil fuel currently accounts for 

AND

heat and other forms of energy which also end up in the biosphere. 

Solves warming and avoids tipping points 

Hansen 9 - Director of Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies

James Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Columbia University and Ph.D. in Physics  from the University of Iowa),  “Coal-fired power stations are death factories. Close them,” The Observer, Sunday 15 February 2009,  pg. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/feb/15/james-hansen-power-plants-coal

A year ago, I wrote to Gordon Brown asking him to place a moratorium 

AND

number that would be committed to extinction if carbon dioxide rose another 100 ppm

Limiting electricity emissions is key

Duane 10 – Professor of Environmental Studies

Timothy Duane, Associate Professor of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2010, “Greening the Grid: Implementing Climate Change Policy Through Energy Efficiency, Renewable Portfolio Standards, and Strategic Transmission System Investments,” 34 Vt. L. Rev. 711, Lexis

Understanding the existing institutional framework is therefore essential both in design and implementation of climate 

AND

effect if the electricity is produced through coal rather than renewable power sources. 

Plan 

The Department of Defense should procure electricity produced in the United States from Space Based Solar Power 

Solvency

DoD as anchor tenant is the only way to get the private sector on board

NSSO 7

(October 2007, National Security Space Office, “Space-Based Solar Power As an Opportunity for Strategic Security,” www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/.../final-sbsp-interim-assessment-release-01.pdf   , FS)

FINDING: The SBSP Study Group found that industry has stated that the #1 

AND

, at a price of $1 or more per kilowatt‐hour.

o Recommendation: The SBSP Study Group recommends that the DoD should immediately conduct a 

AND

as the NextView acquisition approach pioneered by the National GeoSpatial‐imaging Agency. 

Aff is a pre-requisite to their private sector spillover—it’s the only way to make it cost-competitive 

Betancourt 10

(Kiatar Betancourt, Online Journal of Space Communication, “Legal Challenges Facing Solar Power Satellites”, http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue16/betancourt.html   , FS)

Military Interest: The U.S. military was spending over $1 per 

AND

SBSP to the public sector as the costs of SBSP lower over time. 

Procurement changes the entire economic equation for SPS 

Space Frontier Foundation 7

(October 2007 Space Frontier Foundation, “Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP): Meeting Humanity’s Energy, National Security, Environmental and Economic Development Needs”, http://www.scribd.com/doc/8766486/SpaceBased-Solar-Power-SBSP-Meeting-Humanitys-Energy-National-Security-Environmental-and-Economic-Development-Needs   , FS)

In other words, if space-based solar power existed today it would be 

AND

per kilowatt hour for large amounts of power, is a major step forward

Demonstration of feasibility lead to ComSat adoption

Flournoy 10

 (Don, holds Masters and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Texas. He was the Dean of the University College at Ohio University, He was a project manager (1993-96) for university/industry experiments aboard the NASA ACTS satellite. He has taught Satellite Communications since 1984 and been a member of the SSPI since 1986, “SUNSATS: The Next Generation Of COMSATS,” Online Journal of Space Communication, Winter 2010, PM)

No solar power satellites (SunSats) are yet in operation. While all space

AND

the development of plausible business plans related to alternative energy markets in particular.

Starting now means we have a grid up in time to prevent runaway warming. 

Schubert 10 

(Peter, received his doctorate in electrical and computer engineering from Purdue University on 

AND

Communication, Winter 2010, PM)*modified for gender, denoted by brackets

The Energy Information Agency (EIA) of the US predicts that in the time 

AND

wars, climate disasters, or economic collapse can be averted or ameliorated.

Heg 

US will continue to pursue hegemony inevitably—it’s only a question of whether those actions will be successful

Gvosdev 11 – associate prof @Naval War College

[Nikolas K., PhD from Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, Associate Professor at U.S. Naval War College, former Senior Fellow of Strategic Studies at the Nixon Center, “The Realist Prism: Despite Austerity, U.S. Military Restraint Is Unlikely” World Politics Review, August 19, 2011, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9826/the-realist-prism-despite-austerity-u-s-military-restraint-is-unlikely Acc. 8/22/11 // bjk]

It is amusing to hear U.S. politicians of all ideological stripes sounding 

AND

it can no longer properly discern what is essential and what is extraneous.

US military is vulnerable to power loss

Asmus 11

Peter Asmus is an analyst at Pike Research specializing in renewable energy¶ The Promise (and Perils) of the Government Microgrid¶ http://featured.matternetwork.com/2011/2/promise-perils-government-microgrid.cfm

Government funding has played a key role in launching the microgrid market, especially at 

AND

and new renewable energy resources into the generation mix at the military base.

That’s key to power projection

GAO 09

“DEFENSE CRITICAL¶ INFRASTRUCTURE” http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/297162.pdf

The Department of Defense (DOD) relies on a global network of defense critical 

AND

assets, their¶ supporting infrastructure, and ultimately the missions they support.

US military is dependent upon oil – no plan to solve

Gardner 12 - Adjunct Junior Fellow @ American Security Project

(Robert Gardner, Adjunct Junior Fellow @ American Security Project, 6/21/12, “Budgeting for Biofuels:The Military’s Dependence on Petroleum Must be Mitigated” http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/budgeting-for-biofuelsthe-militarys-dependence-on-petroleum-must-be-mitigated/)

Petroleum is currently used to satisfy 80% of the US military’s energy needs and 

AND

would be irresponsible if we did not reduce our dependence on foreign oil.”

Dependence kills forward mobility and effectiveness

Schaffer 12

(Julie Schaffer, Lt. Col. USMC Reserve, 3/20/12, “Marine Corps Energy: Instilling an Ethos of Energy Efficiency” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA562025)

Indeed, the entire DOD depends on petroleum fuels for military operations. This great 

AND

a combat environment results in the injury or death of a Marine. 22

SPS beamed energy could manufacture carbon-neutral synthetic fuels that could be seamlessly integrated in the military’s fuel infrastructure

NSSO 7 

(National Security Space Office 07, “Space‐Based Solar Power As an Opportunity for Strategic Security”, 10 October, 2007, Report to the Director, National Security Space Office)

The SBSP Study Group found that in the long run, SBSP offers a viable 

AND

SBSP offers a¶ hopeful path toward reduced fossil and fissile fuel dependence.

. 

Independently SPS tech is critical to overall military dominance 

Ramos 2k *Kim Ramos is a U.S. Air Force Major the paper is a thesis submitted for the AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL Air Force Base [“Solar Power Constellations: Implications for the United States Air Force,” April, http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA394928]

Solar power satellites may affect terrestrial Air Force operations. One terrestrial application for solar 

AND

war readiness spares kits, tools, and spillage clean up kits.13 

Decline destabilizes all global hotspots

Russian aggression, Taiwan war, Korea war, Afghanistan war, Indo-Pak war, Pakistan war, Central Asia War, Israel war/strikes, Allied Prolif

Brzezinski '12 - Professor of Foreign Policy at SAIS 

Zbigniew, PhD in government, scholar at CSIS, former National Security Advisor, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," Foreign Policy Jan/Feb '12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full AD 9/16/12

With the decline of America's global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to 

AND

extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America's Persian Gulf allies.

Any of these would escalate into great power wars—American retrenchment collapse current restraints  

Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank

America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/

This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it 

AND

forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
hunter.goh94@gmail.com

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Liberty CM  | Judge: Ed Lee 

===Warming ===

====Exhaustion of all resources inev-only SPS can meet energy needs ====

Snead ~’9 (Mike, senior member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) a past chair of the AIAA~’s Space Logistics Technical Committee, and the founder and president of the Spacefaring Institute LLC, "The Vital Need for America to Develop Space Solar Power," The Space Review, May 4, 2009,)

The threat of energy scarcity is quite real and should not be ignored by the 

AND

, reasonableness dictates that the serious engineering development of SSP be started now. 

====The Scenario is warming ====

====Its real and anthropogenic====

-different warrants 

**Prothero 12 **(M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. degrees in geological sciences from Columbia University, and a B.A. in geology and biology from the University of California, Riverside, Professor of Geology at Occidental College in Los Angeles, and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused"  Skeptic. Altadena: 2012. Vol. 17, Iss. 2; pg. 14, 10 pgs, proquest) HDG 

How do we know that global warming is real and primarily human caused? There 

AND

Florida, and most of the world~’s river deltas) would be drowned. 

====CO2 causes warming-newest study confirms ====

**Spotts 12 **(Pete, staff writer, April 5, 2012, "Ice age study delivers blow to global-warming skeptics" ~http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2012/0405/Ice-age-study-delivers-blow-to-global-warming-skeptics?utm_source=feedburner%26utm_medium=feed%26utm_campaign=Feed%3A+feeds%2Fenvironment+%28Christian+Science+Monitor+~|+Environment%29-http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2012/0405/Ice-age-study-delivers-blow-to-global-warming-skeptics?utm_source=feedburner%26utm_medium=feed%26utm_campaign=Feed%3A+feeds%2Fenvironment+%28Christian+Science+Monitor+|+Environment%29) 

Rising levels of carbon dioxide drove much of the global warming that thawed Earth at 

AND

comparable to the one scientists today see as the most-likely value. 

====Scientific Consensus goes aff====

**EDF 11 **(Environmental Defense Fund, leading national nonprofit organization representing more than 700,000 members.  Citing Science and the IPCC, as well as other multinational climate organizations, "Scientific Consensus on the Basic Facts of Global Warming," ~http://www.edf.org/climate/scientific-consensus-http://www.edf.org/climate/scientific-consensus)** **

The most respected scientific bodies have stated unequivocally that global warming is occurring, and 

AND

warming is real. The time to start working on solutions is now.

====Avoiding 450 PPM is key ====

**Hansen ~’9 **

(Climate Scientist at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies at NASA and professor in the department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University, received the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal which is the highest award for atmospheric research of the American Meteorological Society, Time Magazine~’s Top 100 Most influential People, Member of the National Academy of Sciences, PhD in Physics and Astronomy at the University of Iowa (John, "Storms of our grandchildren", pages 158-160,) 

Now let us turn to the question of why atmospheric carbon dioxide changed during the 

AND

per square meter, restoring the planet~’s energy balance, to first approximation.

====The impacts ====

====First is Ocean Acidification ====

====There is a new consensus that warming will destroy the Oceans in ways that haven~’t been seen for 300 million years====

**Hance 12**

Jeremy Hance¶ mongabay.com    2,600 scientists: climate change killing the world~’s coral reefs¶ ¶ July 10, 2012¶ http://news.mongabay.com/2012/0710-hance-coral-reefs-climate-statment.html

In an unprecedented show of concern, 2,600 (and rising) of 

AND

the world to act on climate change—but it is closing rapidly." 

====Extinction—emission reductions are critical to preventing this====

**Romm 2009**

 (Joe, a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 "Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm ~~%2388 on its list of 100 "people who are reinventing America." Time named him a "Hero of the Environment″ and "The Web~’s most influential climate-change blogger." Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw %241 billion in R%26D, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT, "Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary ," http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/,)

Global warming is "capable of wrecking the marine ecosystem and depriving future generations of 

AND

that life "" the time to start slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now.

Second is hydrogen sulfide poisoning 

====Warming induces hydrogen sulfide poisoning. This destroys the ozone and causes extinction.====

**Ward 2010 **

(Peter, PhD, professor of Biology and Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington, paleontologist and NASA astrobiologist, Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, June 29, 2010,)

In the rest of this chapter I will support a contention that within several millennia 

AND

that a new generation will quickly decide to open their ears and listen.

 Third is Methane 

**CO2 emissions will release methane from the tundra and destroy life**

**Atcheson 04 **

(John, former Department of Energy senior policy analyst and geologist, has held a variety of policy positions in several federal government agencies "Ticking Time Bomb," December 15, 2004) 

The Arctic Council~’s recent report on the effects of global warming in the far north 

AND

the mass extinction of life on Earth. We have to act now. 

====Warming leads to extinction – SSP is key====

Flournoy 12 – PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College @ Ohio University, Former Associate Dean @ State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications @ Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University 

Don, "Solar Power Satellites," January, Springer Briefs in Space Development, Book

The National Space Society (NSS) hosts annual conferences that include ses- sions 

AND

our Sun" (Hsu 2010) (Fig. 2.1).

====And, SPS becomes competitive with coal====

Gomez et al 09 (Raul, Evelyn Panier, Xin Sun and Cornelius Zund

AND

the Aerospace MBA Toulouse Business School – France, July 20, 2009)

According to the International Energy Agency, the burning of fossil fuel currently accounts for 

AND

heat and other forms of energy which also end up in the biosphere. 

====Solves warming and avoids tipping points ====

Hansen 9 - Director of Nasa~’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies

James Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Columbia University and Ph.D. in Physics  from the University of Iowa),  "Coal-fired power stations are death factories. Close them," The Observer, Sunday 15 February 2009,  pg. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/feb/15/james-hansen-power-plants-coal

A year ago, I wrote to Gordon Brown asking him to place a moratorium 

AND

number that would be committed to extinction if carbon dioxide rose another 100 ppm

====Limiting electricity emissions is key====

**Duane 10 – Professor of Environmental Studies**

Timothy Duane, Associate Professor of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2010, "Greening the Grid: Implementing Climate Change Policy Through Energy Efficiency, Renewable Portfolio Standards, and Strategic Transmission System Investments," 34 Vt. L. Rev. 711, Lexis

Understanding the existing institutional framework is therefore essential both in design and implementation of climate 

AND

effect if the electricity is produced through coal rather than renewable power sources. 

===Plan===

**The Department of Defense should procure electricity produced in the United States from space based solar power **

===Solvency===

====DoD as anchor tenant is the only way to get the private sector on board====

**NSSO 7**

(October 2007, National Security Space Office, "Space-Based Solar Power As an Opportunity for Strategic Security," ~www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/.../final-sbsp-interim-assessment-release-01.pdf-http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/.../final-sbsp-interim-assessment-release-01.pdf )

FINDING: The SBSP Study Group found that industry has stated that the ~~%231 

AND

as the NextView acquisition approach pioneered by the National GeoSpatial‐imaging Agency. 

====Aff is a pre-requisite to their private sector spillover—it~’s the only way to make it cost-competitive ====

**Betancourt 10**

(Kiatar Betancourt, Online Journal of Space Communication, "Legal Challenges Facing Solar Power Satellites", ~http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue16/betancourt.html-http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue16/betancourt.html   , FS)

Military Interest: The U.S. military was spending over %241 per 

AND

SBSP to the public sector as the costs of SBSP lower over time. 

====Procurement changes the entire economic equation for SPS ====

**Space Frontier Foundation 7**

(October 2007 Space Frontier Foundation, "Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP): Meeting Humanity~’s Energy, National Security, Environmental and Economic Development Needs", ~http://www.scribd.com/doc/8766486/SpaceBased-Solar-Power-SBSP-Meeting-Humanitys-Energy-National-Security-Environmental-and-Economic-Development-Needs-http://www.scribd.com/doc/8766486/SpaceBased-Solar-Power-SBSP-Meeting-Humanitys-Energy-National-Security-Environmental-and-Economic-Development-Needs   , FS)

In other words, if space-based solar power existed today it would be 

AND

per kilowatt hour for large amounts of power, is a major step forward

====Demonstration of feasibility lead to ComSat adoption====

**Flournoy 10**

 (Don, holds Masters and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Texas. He was the Dean of the University College at Ohio University, He was a project manager (1993-96) for university/industry experiments aboard the NASA ACTS satellite. He has taught Satellite Communications since 1984 and been a member of the SSPI since 1986, "SUNSATS: The Next Generation Of COMSATS," Online Journal of Space Communication, Winter 2010)

No solar power satellites (SunSats) are yet in operation. While all space

AND

the development of plausible business plans related to alternative energy markets in particular.

====Starting now means we have a grid up in time to prevent runaway warming. ====

**Schubert 10 **

(Peter, received his doctorate in electrical and computer engineering from Purdue University on 

AND

of Space Communication, Winter 2010)*modified for gender, denoted by brackets

The Energy Information Agency (EIA) of the US predicts that in the time 

AND

wars, climate disasters, or economic collapse can be averted or ameliorated.

===Heg ===

====US will continue to pursue hegemony inevitably—it~’s only a question of whether those actions will be successful====

**Shalmon and Horowitz 9 **- * Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group * assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania

(Dan, Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC, Mike, assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar, Orbis, Spring)

It is important to recognize at the outset two key points about United States strategy 

AND

/asymmetric threats are inevitable given America~’s role in the global order.24 

====US military is vulnerable to power loss====

**Asmus 11**

Peter Asmus is an analyst at Pike Research specializing in renewable energy¶ The Promise (and Perils) of the Government Microgrid¶ ~http://featured.matternetwork.com/2011/2/promise-perils-government-microgrid.cfm-http://featured.matternetwork.com/2011/2/promise-perils-government-microgrid.cfm

Government funding has played a key role in launching the microgrid market, especially at 

AND

and new renewable energy resources into the generation mix at the military base.

====Grid breakdowns crushes US military operations====

**Stockton 11**

Paul Stockton 11, assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas~’ Security Affairs, "Ten Years After 9/11: Challenges for the Decade to Come", http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11. 

The cyber threat to the DIB is only part of a much larger challenge to 

AND

power system over which it does not – and never will – exercise control

====Grid breakdowns cause nuclear war====

**Andres and Breetz 11**

Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely ¶ from problems with base and logistics 

AND

, may not share this fear or be deterred ¶ by this possibility.¶ 

====SPS solves the grid ====

**Ramos 0** *Kim Ramos is a U.S. Air Force Major the paper is a thesis submitted for the AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL Air Force Base ~~"Solar Power Constellations: Implications for the United States Air Force," April, ~http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA394928-http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA394928~~

Terrestrially solar power satellites enable information superiority technologies such as the unmanned aerial vehicle. 

AND

satellite also enables base independence from the local power grid in times of emergencies

====It also solves energy security and resource wars====

**NSSO 8** *National Space Security Office of the USFG ~~Space-Based Solar Power Study Group, Ad Astra, "Strategic Importance" Spring 2008, pg. 28, ~http://www.nss.org/adastra/AdAstra-SBSP-2008.pdf-http://www.nss.org/adastra/AdAstra-SBSP-2008.pdf~~

Like all species in a closed ecosystem, human civilization flourishes in times of new 

AND

DoD is the largest single consumer of petroleum in the U.S. 

====Resource shortages cause global conflict====

**Nordas and Gleditsch 9** -*MA in Politics, **Professor of Political Science

Ragnhild, Nils, 2009, "IPCC and the climate-conflict nexus," http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/IPRI_IPCCClimateConflictNexus.pdf

IPCC (2001) points out that ~’much has been written about the potential 

AND

and resources problems will affect regional and international security~’ (p. 107).  

====Decline destabilizes all global hotspots====

Russian aggression, Taiwan war, Korea war, Afghanistan war, Indo-Pak war, Pakistan war, Central Asia War, Israel war/strikes, Allied Prolif

**Brzezinski ~’12 - Professor of Foreign Policy at SAIS **

Zbigniew, PhD in government, scholar at CSIS, former National Security Advisor, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," Foreign Policy Jan/Feb ~’12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full AD 9/16/12

With the decline of America~’s global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to 

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extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America~’s Persian Gulf allies.

====Any of these would escalate into great power wars—American retrenchment collapse current restraints  ====

**Zhang and Shi 11** – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank

America~’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/

This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it 

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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

**We control uniqueness—all forms of violence declined in the era of U.S. leadership**

**Fettweis 11—political science professor @ Tulane **

Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 85-86

The evidence supports the latter. Major wars tend to be rather memorable, so 

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that the rules by which international politics are run may indeed he changing.

Tournament: Coast/WSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Plan

The United States Air Force should increase procurement contracts for electricity produced in the United States from Solar Powered Satellites.

Advantage 1

The Air Force

Scenario 1 is Airpower

The Air Force is facing an energy crisis-destroys future power projection

Donley and Schwartz 12  *Michael, Secretary of the Air Force Norton, USAF General
(January 31, 2012, "Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy S%26T Vision 2011-2026," http://www.defenseinnovationmarketplace.mil/resources/EnergyHorizonsFINAL.pdf)
The Air Force faces daunting energy challenges which promise only to increase in severity ¶
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environmentally, ¶ and renewably), and secure now and in ¶ the future

Lack of Air Force investment in new technology is destroying readiness

Eaglen and Brieky 2012 *Mackenzi, resident fellow at AEI Douglas, Director for government relations at the Air Force Association
(March 2012, "Nearing Coffin Corner: US Air Power on the Edge" http://www.aei.org/files/2012/03/21/-national-security-outlook-march-2012_133237930128.pdf-http://www.aei.org/files/2012/03/21/-national-security-outlook-march-2012_133237930128.pdf) HDG
Air power uniquely affords leaders the ability ¶ to wage mobile and adaptive campaigns that
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¶ available to the nation’s decision makers for decades into¶ the future.

SPS is key to preserve air power

Garretson 12
(Peter, Lieutenant Colonel of the US Air Force, "Solar Power in Space?" Strategic Studies Quarterly Spring,)
But so far at least, the reaction seems more consistent with the worry expressed
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but also undermines the dedication and determination of any competitors and adversaries." 31

Perception of a strong Air Force k2 global cooperation-the impact is regional instability and miscalc

Eaglen and Brieky 2012 *Mackenzi, resident fellow at AEI Douglas, Director for government relations at the Air Force Association
(March 2012, "Nearing Coffin Corner: US Air Power on the Edge" http://www.aei.org/files/2012/03/21/-national-security-outlook-march-2012_133237930128.pdf-http://www.aei.org/files/2012/03/21/-national-security-outlook-march-2012_133237930128.pdf) HDG
Whether in the Asia-Pacific domain or elsewhere, putting¶ US military personnel
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investment encourages¶ regional instability that may lead to miscalculation and ultimately conflict.

Air Power key to heg

Dunlap 06 
(Maj, General, deputy judge advocate of the Air Force, National War College graduate with over 30 years of Armed Forces Experience, Charles Jr., Armed Forces Journal, "America’s Asymmetric Advantage", http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2006/09/2009013)
So where does that leave us? If we are smart, we will have
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put a single U.S. soldier at risk on the ground.

Hegemony solves Great Power Wars—American retrenchment collapse current restraints

Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank
America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

US will continue to pursue hegemony inevitably—it’s only a question of whether those actions will be successful

Shalmon and Horowitz 9 - * Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group * assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania
(Dan, Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC, Mike, assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar, Orbis, Spring)
It is important to recognize at the outset two key points about United States strategy
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/asymmetric threats are inevitable given America’s role in the global order.24 

Independently, airpower key Asian stability- the impact is global WMD conflict

Tellis 98,
 (Ashley, PhD U of Chicago, Senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Sources of Conflict in the 21st Century, http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR897/MR897.chap3.pdf)
The first key implication derived from the analysis of trends in Asia suggests that American
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information warfare, WMD, and possibly even the revolution in military affairs. 

Scenario 2 is the Air Expeditionary Force

Use of CBW’s inevitable, only an effective Air Expeditionary Force solves

Hepburn 99
(Byron, Colonel Hepburn is a distinguished graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy and Squadron Officers School. He holds a masters equivalent from the University of Geneva, Switzerland and a M.D. from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. He is a Command Pilot with over 3,000 hours in the T-37, T-38, C-9A, and C-17A. , September 1999, "CHEMICAL-BIOLOGICAL ATTACK: ACHILLES HEEL OF THE AIR EXPEDITIONARY FORCE?" Counterproliferation Paper No. 4 USAF Counterproliferation Centel Air War College, http://cpc.au.af.mil/PDF/monograph/chembioattack.pdf)
The U.S. has entered a post-Cold War era that is
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option other than to thoroughly prepare to meet the chemical-biological threat.

SPS key to Air Expeditionary Force deployment

-Normal Means=Power Relay Satellites
Ramos 2k -Major USAF 
("SOLAR POWER CONSTELLATIONS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE", April 2000, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA394928%26Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf)
It goes on to say, that focused logistics will accomplish "lightened deployment loads
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war readiness spares kits, tools, and spillage clean up kits.¶ 13

Bioweapons lead to extinction

Ochs ’2 
Richard, June 9, pg. http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html-http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html.
Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons, many
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Can we imagine hundreds of such plagues? HUMAN EXTINCTION IS NOW POSSIBLE.

Advantage 2

Weaponization

Weaponization inevitable and US assets are at risk

Redifer, 11 - LtCol, USMC, paper submitted in fulfillment of a degree from the Air War College at Air University (Stephen, "TAKING THE INITIATIVE – PROTECTING US INTERESTS IN SPACE ," 2/16,
https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153%26mode=user%26action=downloadpaper%26objectid=be97b3ea-7800-44ee-b6ff-76dcdb7c2960%26rs=PublishedSearch
The execution of such tasks will undoubtedly be extraordinarily difficult given the global nature of
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companies have developed both satellites and terrestrial systems that depend on space products.

History proves
Smith ’11
M.V., Colonel, PhD in Politics and IR @ University of Reading, Citing Colin Gray, "Chapter 17: Security and Spacepower, Part of "Toward a Theory of Spacepower," Edited by Charles Lutes and Peter Hays, National Defense University Press, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf
It is a rule in strategy, one derived empirically from the evidence of two
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break its chains all at once or stretch them slowly over time.21 

The plan leads to space weaponization

A) Removes Power limitations 
-sps k2 global engagement
-Also solves RF beam blinding
Ramos 2k -Major USAF 
("SOLAR POWER CONSTELLATIONS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE", April 2000, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA394928%26Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf)
United States Space Command developed four operational concepts to guide their vision.¶ One of
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right now is generating enough power in¶ space to energize the RF beam

Survivability, Maneuverability, and Reconstitution

-K2 microsats
Ramos 2k -Major USAF 
("SOLAR POWER CONSTELLATIONS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE", April 2000, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA394928%26Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf)
In addition to the terrestrial implications of solar power satellites for the Air Force,
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satellite, directed energy weapons, such as lasers, and¶ jamming devices

That’s key to future Air Force space-based missions*
Maybury, 12
(Chief Scientist-USAF, "Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy S%26T Vision 2011-2026," 1/31, http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf)
Space is the ―ultimate high ground, providing access to every part of the
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ground systems, as well as expanding the use of renewable energy resources. 

C) Space-Based Radar

Ramos 2k -Major USAF 
("SOLAR POWER CONSTELLATIONS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE", April 2000, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA394928%26Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf)
A space-based radar concept is currently in work at an Air Force Research Laboratory. It¶ requires large amounts of electrical power and the engineers have found no optimum solution to¶ the problem.¶ 31¶ The space-based radar in use today is limited in resolution and coverage by onorbit power.¶ 32¶ As with the space-based laser and RF jamming device, a space-based radar¶ receiving power from a solar power satellite eliminates this problem.

That’s key to global space defense

Prouty ’8 
(Scott, Principal Director for the Advanced Systems and Technology Subdivision of the Missile Defense Division, has supported Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, National Reconnaissance Office, and Missile Defense Agency programs. "Ballistic Missile Defense System Sensors and the Role of Space Systems," Spring 2008, http://www.space-library.com/Crosslink_V9N1_Spring2008.pdf)
Space sensors fulfill five functions in supporting the BMDS. In the first, "
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. This rapid prototype environment at MDA is the External ¶ Sensors Laboratory.

Sequencing solves arms racing

Dr. Dolman 12
 (Everett, PhD and Professor of Comparative Military Studies @ US Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies and Recipient of Central Intelligence’s Outstanding Intelligence Analyst Award, March 1^st, 2012, "New Frontiers, Old Realities" Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 6 No. 1 pg. 78-95) HDG
And in such circumstances, the United States certainly would respond. Conversely, if
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could prepare outer space for a long-overdue burst of economic expansion.

SBMD solves Korean conflict, Saudi prolif and nuclear terrorism

Pfaltzgraff et al 9
 (Robert, PhD and Professor of Int. Security Studies @ Tufts and
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)

The Threat Twenty-first century threats to the United States, its de¬ployed forces
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. It also offers inherent interdiction advantages, described in greater detail below.

Saudi prolif spills over and escalates rapidly, causes global nuclear war

Edelman et al. 11
 *ERIC S. EDELMAN is a Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments; he was U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy in 2005-9 ANDREW F. KREPINEVICH is President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. *EVAN BRADEN MONTGOMERY is a Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments ~http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67162/eric-s-edelman-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr-and-evan-braden-montgomer/the-dangers-of-a-nuclear-iran-http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67162/eric-s-edelman-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr-and-evan-braden-montgomer/the-dangers-of-a-nuclear-iran, "The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran" January-February 2011~
There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant outside support
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Middle East could lead to a new Great Game, with unpredictable consequences.

Nuclear Terror is bad

Morgan 09- 
Professor @ Hankuk University of Foreign Studies ~Dennis, South Korea, "World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race," Futures, November, Science Direct
In a remarkable website on nuclear war, Carol Moore asks the question ’’Is
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, to a life of unimaginable misery and suffering in a nuclear winter. 

Korean War leads to extinction

Hayes, 2010 
(Peter and Michael Hayes Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute and Green, Victoria University, "The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia" google)
The consequences of failing to address the proliferation threat posed by the North Korea developments
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threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community.

Solvency

Tech is here-SPS ALPHA solves tech concerns

Mankins 12 – MBA in Public Policy, 25-year scientist @ CalTech’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and NASA
John, "SPS-ALPHA," http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/636903main_Mankins_Presentation.pdf
Two workshops have been held by the project¶ One in the US (Feb
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Space, and the Energy Security of the US, its friends and allies

DoD as anchor tenant is the only way to get initial development

NSSO 7
(October 2007, National Security Space Office, "Space-Based Solar Power As an Opportunity for Strategic Security," www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/.../final-sbsp-interim-assessment-release-01.pdf-http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/.../final-sbsp-interim-assessment-release-01.pdf )
FINDING: The SBSP Study Group found that industry has stated that the ~%231
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as the NextView acquisition approach pioneered by the National GeoSpatial‐imaging Agency. 

Demonstration of feasibility lead to ComSat adoption

Flournoy 10
 (Don, holds Masters and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Texas. He was the Dean of the University College at Ohio University, He was a project manager (1993-96) for university/industry experiments aboard the NASA ACTS satellite. He has taught Satellite Communications since 1984 and been a member of the SSPI since 1986, "SUNSATS: The Next Generation Of COMSATS," Online Journal of Space Communication, Winter 2010)

No solar power satellites (SunSats) are yet in operation. While all space
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and the development of plausible business plans related to alternative energy markets in particular

Air Force purchase and Comsat adoption solves

-also a solvency advocate for the Air Force doing the plan
Ramos 2k -Major USAF 
("SOLAR POWER CONSTELLATIONS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE", April 2000, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA394928%26Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA394928%26Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf)
A few entrepreneurs propose to place small communications satellites in huge constellations¶ in low
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and elimination of specialized spares, tools, and fuel for the generators.