| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: OU CO | Judge: Fifelski The US provides incentives now, but US leadership is eroding and government policy is uncertainBiello ‘12
David Biello has been covering energy and the environment for nearly a decade, the last four years as an associate editor at Scientific American. He also hosts 60-Second Earth, a Scientific American podcast covering environmental news, and is working on a documentary with Detroit Public Television on the future of electricity. “Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power,” 3/27/12 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-powerandpage=4 AD 9/20/12
But the Department of Energy funding may only support two designs. Innovation spurred by
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the world in safety, if we're not building new nuclear power plants." And the DoD’s aggressively pursuing clean energyWong 8/22
GreenBiz Associate Editor Kristine A. Wong is a multimedia journalist who became an editor and reporter after working for environmental and public health organizations in the Bay Area and Seattle for over 10 years. She has a master's degree in journalism from UC Berkeley. , "Inside the military's multibillion-dollar push for renewables," 8/22/12www.greenbiz.com/news/2012/08/22/military-multibillion-push-renewables AD 9/20/12
As the largest consumer of energy in the world, the Department of Defense has
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largest commitments to clean energy in history, according to the White House. Shalmon and Horowitz 9 - * Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group * assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania
(Dan, Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC, Mike, assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar, Orbis, Spring)
It is important to recognize at the outset two key points about United States strategy
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/asymmetric threats are inevitable given America’s role in the global order.24 ---Dependence weakens hegemony in two ways—first, forward basing---Fuel dependence seriously restricts military effectiveness – supply chains divert resources and slow operationsHourihan and Stepp’11
Matt, MA in Public Policy with a focus on science and technology policy, previous Jan Schori Fellow at the Business Council for Sustainable Energy; Matt, former Fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, a California energy policy think tank, MS in Science, Tech, and Public Policy. ITIF - Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, DC think tank exploring innovation policy. "Lean, Mean and Clean: Energy Innovation and the Department of Defense," March 2011. www.itif.org/files/2011-lean-mean-clean.pdf AD 9/8/12
But the aggregate dollar amount also doesn’t tell the whole story. Deloitte estimates the
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challenge the defense establishment to “unleash us from this fuel tether.”27
Schlossberg 11
(Andrew Scholssberg, Department of Political Science College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania, 4/8/11, “The Military Dimensions of Post-Cold War U.S. Oil Policy: Access to Oil and Consequences for Geostrategy” http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173andcontext=curej)
To OEPP planners, future wars will likely be held in theaters very close in
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use, imposing high costs in blood, treasure, and combat effectiveness. Forward basing is the only answer to the future of remote and irregular warfareElwell '11
Andrew, MA in history, Univ of Nottingham, worked with a niche armour systems manufacturer, former project manager for an in-theater MoD vehicle, headed up RandD at the company, Senior Editor ata a news and data provider, Defence IQ, news source for global defence; "Renewable energy tech sought for forward operating bases," 12/1/11, http://www.defenceiq.com/army-and-land-forces/articles/forward-operating-base-technologies-clean-green-an/, AD 9/16/12
“Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
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the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies. SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve
*solves for oil
Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” [http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf] February
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
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the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives. Forward deployment ensures international stability—effectiveness key to carry out future missions and ensure deterrence and contain conflictDavidson and Flournoy ‘12
Michèle Flournoy, former distinguished research professor at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, former UnderSecretary of Defense for Policy, President of the Center for a New American Security, former Senior Adviser at the CSIS; Janine Davidson, PhD in International Studies, Assistant Professor in the School of Public Policy at GMU, previous Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Plans, “"Obama's new global posture: the logic of U.S. foreign deployments." Foreign Affairs, July-August 12, Academic OneFile, AD 9/16/12
The United States' network of alliances and partnerships ensures that the country rarely has to
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shared practices that make the militaries work together more effectively in the field. Andres and Breetz 11
(Richard Andres, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair at INSS, and Hanna Breetz, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2011, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712)
Despite these potential events, a cost-benefit analy- sis should shape any
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while forward operating bases endanger American convoy support personnel who must deliver fuel.
Bender '07
Bryan, Boston Globe, "Pentago study says oil reliance strains military," 5/1/07, citing LMI study and Milton R. Copulos, president of the National Defense Council Foundation, advisor on energy to the Secretary of Defense for the Defense Industrial Base Initiative and the principal consultant to the Department of Defense on the Defense Environment Initiative, member of the National Petroleum Council, former director of energy studies for the conservative Heritage Foundation, Senior Fellow at the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2007/05/01/pentagon_study_says_oil_reliance_strains_military/?page=1
WASHINGTON -- A new study ordered by the Pentagon warns that the rising cost and
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supply units that sustain them, which will result in increased energy consumption." An energy transition increases DoD flexibility and mobilityCrowley et al '07
Thomas D., "Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy: An Approach to Establishing An Energy Strategy," Thomas D. Crowley, President, L. E. Peabody and Associates, Inc, Tanya D. Corrie David B. Diamond Stuart D. Funk Wilhelm A. Hansen Andrea D. Stenhoff Daniel C. Swift Policy consultants for LMI is a governmental consulting organization April 2007 http://www.lmi.org/News~-~--Publications/publications/publication-detail.aspx?id=210 AD 9/13/12
An energy transformation that leverages process change in the short term and technological innovation in
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the support of the public while acting in concert with national environmental goals. Mobility key to demonstrate strength and respond to international incidentsCrowley et al '07
Thomas D., "Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy: An Approach to Establishing An Energy Strategy," Thomas D. Crowley, President, L. E. Peabody and Associates, Inc, Tanya D. Corrie David B. Diamond Stuart D. Funk Wilhelm A. Hansen Andrea D. Stenhoff Daniel C. Swift Policy consultants for LMI is a governmental consulting organization April 2007 http://www.lmi.org/News~-~--Publications/publications/publication-detail.aspx?id=210 AD 9/13/12
Recent experience indicates that the nature of the threat facing the United States is changing
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that address alternative supply sources and efficient consumption across all aspects of military operations ---Transition solves—Reducing petroleum dependence sends a global signal of US strength and doesn’t sacrifice readinessParthemore and Nagl '10
Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston's Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12
A successful transition away from petroleum will produce financial, operational and strategic gains.
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armed services to accomplish their missions in the years and decades to come. Preserving the perception of military effectiveness key—a weakened military invites aggression and rash warsFeaver 3
Professor of Political Science at Duke, Peter D., Armed Services: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations, p.213
The civil-military problematique is so vexing because it involves balancing two vital and
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leading them to rash behavior and then failing in the ultimate military contest. Russian aggression, Taiwan war, Korea war, Afghanistan war, Indo-Pak war, Pakistan war, Central Asia War, Israel war/strikes, Allied Prolif
Brzezinski '12 - Professor of Foreign Policy at SAIS
Zbigniew, PhD in government, scholar at CSIS, former National Security Advisor, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," Foreign Policy Jan/Feb '12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full AD 9/16/12
With the decline of America's global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to
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extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America's Persian Gulf allies.
Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank
America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. Drezner 5 – Professor of IR @ Tufts
Daniel, Gregg Easterbrook, Associate Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, “War, and the dangers of extrapolation”
Daily explosions in Iraq, massacres in Sudan, the Koreas smakestaring at each other
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, the prospect of U.S. intervention would be equally daunting. Statistical and unbiased evidence supports our impact—heg solves proximate causes to war
Owen 11 – associate professor of politics – University of Virginia
John, “Don’t Discount Hegemony,” http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/
Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated
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U.S. material and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong. Hardpower independently solves—key to protecting the liberal international order and hardpower means the US still has influence even if it’s not popularKagan 12— senior fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings
Robert “The Importance of U.S. Military Might Shouldn’t Be Underestimated” [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0202_us_military_power_kagan.aspx] February 2
These days “soft” power and “smart” power are in vogue (
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and where they need help the most, they will make other arrangements. The shared membership of multilateral institutions is key to global cooperation – moralizing is insufficient – pragmatic and material change is a pre-requisite to solve multiple scenarios for extinctionSmith 3 – Professor of Political Science @ Penn
Rogers, Professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania and PhD Harvard University, “Stories Of Peoplehood, The Politics and Morals of Political Membership”, p. 166-169
It is certainly important to oppose such evolutionary doctrines by all intellectually credible means.
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Kymlicka, Iris Young, William Connolly, and Jurgen Habermas all envision. Fisher ‘11
Max Fisher is an associate editor at The Atlantic, 5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War 10/31/11 http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/5-most-likely-ways-the-us-and-china-could-spark-accidental-nuclear-war/247616/
The U.S. has the world's second-largest nuclear arsenal with around
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Soviet mishaps of the 1980s -- is exactly what makes them so dangerous. Blank 9
Dr. Stephen Blank, Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College. March 2009. “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?,” online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf
Proliferators or nuclear states like China and Russia can then deter regional or intercontinental attacks
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perhaps make wars of aggression on their neighbors or their own people.172 Bostrom 2
Nick, PhD, Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html
A much greater existential risk emerged with the build-up of nuclear arsenals in
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preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century Andres and Breetz ‘11
Richard B. Andres is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications Strategic Form Feb 2011 http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
The “Valley of Death.” Given the promise that small reactors hold for military
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, gaining NRC certification for new technologies, and demonstrating technical viability.32
Fitzpatrick et al '11
Ryan, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy; Josh Freed is the Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way Mieke Eoyang is Director for National Security at Third Way ; Third Way is the leading think tank of the moderate wing of the progressive movement " Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance Clean Energy Technology... And Why It Has To ," http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CEAQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.thirdway.org%2Fpublications%2F414%2FThird_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdfandei=qvdLUMv9Bo369gS36IHQCgandusg=AFQjCNGb9TOO069aF0CT-EADvO8wsN9DjA June 2011 AD 9/8/12
Use the Procurement Process to Promote Innovative Energy Technologies The DoD has over $400
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DoD’s energy goals, even if these procurements come with higher upfront costs. CNA '09
not-for-profit company providing analysis to government leaders, Military Advisory Board includes - CHAIRMAN: General Charles F. “Chuck” Wald, USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Commander, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) General Charles G. Boyd, USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) Lieutenant General Lawrence P. Farrell, Jr., USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force General Paul J. Kern, USA (Ret.) Former Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command General Ronald E. Keys, USAF (Ret.) Former Commander, Air Combat Command Admiral T. Joseph Lopez, USN (Ret.) Former Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe and of Allied Forces, Southern Europe General Robert Magnus, USMC (Ret.) Former Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps "Powering America's Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security," May 2009, http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CCoQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPowering%2520Americas%2520Defense.pdfandei=2i9MUJLyAYT69gTOg4HwAgandusg=AFQjCNF3dCDpNZvm91zZm6SIOz_mTa_2Gg AD 9/9/12
In achieving this new energy future, DoD should once again play an important role
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of energy security and climate change, must be “efficient mission effectiveness.” Loudermilk ‘11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Although large reactors possess a stellar safety record throughout their history of operation, SMRs
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, an accident affecting one reactor would be limited to that individual reactor. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: OU CO | Judge: Fifelski Beckley 12— research fellow in the International Security Program at Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
Michael, “China’s Century? Why America’s Edge Will Endure” International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Winter 2011/12), pp. 41–78
Seen in this light, the United States is neither benevolent nor feeble, but
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directly with the United States is futile, so no one tries.”43 Inevitability/Sustainability is irrelevant- short-term decline destroys stability in Afghanistan, Pakistan and sparks Iranian prolif. Better to hold on as long as possible and muddle throughMacDonald 9—Doctoral Candidate in Political Science @ Columbia
[Paul, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science, Columbia University, Daedalus, “Rebalancing American foreign policy”, 2009, p. asp]
If the United States cannot retain its leading position or easily reconstruct the postwar liberal
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to work with these new regional powers on select issues of common interest. Heg sustainable—system maker-privilege taker status means we can control assets and conditions and means conditions that took down past hegemons don’t apply to the US-system making means benefits outweigh the costs—can control access to US market, tech, foreign aid, and support to shape power structures
-military spending only 4% which is sustainable
-hegemon status ensures investors into the economy and control of the market—makes it sustainable
Beckley 12— research fellow in the International Security Program at Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
Michael, “China’s Century? Why America’s Edge Will Endure” International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Winter 2011/12), pp. 41–78
Hegemony is indeed expensive ….. in ways that serve its interests. Kagan 12— senior fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings
Robert “The Importance of U.S. Military Might Shouldn’t Be Underestimated” [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0202_us_military_power_kagan.aspx] February 2
That order has rested significantly …. with the United States held firm. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: OU CO | Judge: Fifelski Lenz ‘90
Millicent Lenz, Assis. Prof Science and Policy @ SUNY, 1990, Nuclear Age Literature for Youth, p. 9-10
A summary of Frank’s thought in “Psychological Determinants of the Nuclear Arms Race”
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more certainly. The repressed fear, moreover, takes a psychic toll. Barnett et al 7
Michael, Hunjoon Kim, Madalene O’Donnell, Laura Sitea, Global Governance, “Peacebuilding: What is in a Name?”, Questia
Because there are multiple contributing causes of conflict, almost any international assistance effort that
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there are good bureaucratic reasons for claiming that they are an invaluable partner. Cummiskey ‘96
(David, Associate Philosophy Professor, Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, p. 129-131)
It does, however, support the consequentialist interpretation. Since the moral demand to
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conclusion that the more persons with dignity who are saved, the better. Existence and choice come first. People should be able to choose their value to lifeKymlicka ‘3
(Will, professor of philosophy @ Queens University. Contemporary Political Thought: A Reader And Guide. Edited by Alan Finlayson, pp. 496-498)
The defining feature of liberalism is that it ascribes certain fundamental freedoms to each individual
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judge what is valuable, and to learn about other ways of life. Baker 4
Juliana, Discussions of Meat: Now, It's Not Personal!, World Watch 17 no5 6-7 S/O 2004
World Watch's July/August cover story ("Meat: Now, It's Not Personal
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that beef may instead be exported to one of the burgeoning Asian markets. Rogers in ‘2
Paul Rogers, professor of Peace Studies @ the University of Bradford. “The Environmental Cost of War”. 6/13/2002
http://www.preparingforpeace.org/rogers_the_environmental_costs_of_war.htm
In short, wars up until now have inevitably had their major effects on people
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to the longer-term impact of human effects on the global ecosystem. Your Impacts are empirically disproved - a distinct species dies every 20 minutes and biodiversity has recovered after the last 5 extinctions.Science Daily ‘2
“Extinction Rate Across the Globe Reaches Historical Proportions.” 1/10/2002.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/01/020109074801.htm
Levin's column noted that on average, a distinct species of plant or animal becomes
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a permanent state, especially if vast tracts of wilderness area are destroyed. Goldstone ‘2
Jack A Goldstone, professor of sociology and international relations at the University of California, Davis. He has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. “Population and security: How demographic change can lead to violent conflict”. Journal of International Affairs. New York: Fall 2002. Vol. 56, Iss. 1; pg. 3. ProQuest.
Thomas Homer-Dixon provoked a great deal of controversy and concern with his claim
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some large crossnational studies of recent political violence would show more positive findings. Rejection of current IR paradigm leads to instability and international intervention – doesn’t enable radical democracy – turns their impactMcCormack 10 – Lecturer in International Politics
Tara McCormack, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, pg. 127-129
The following section will briefly raise some questions about the rejection of the old security
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the political limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. Fettweis 11—political science professor @ Tulane
Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 85-86
The evidence supports the latter. Major wars tend to be rather memorable, so
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that the rules by which international politics are run may indeed he changing. We’ll be jerks—creates massive power vacuums and the US will lashout which indpenetly causes extinction
Friedberg and Schoenfeld 8
Aaron, professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School, Gabriel, Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, The Dangers of a Diminished America, WSJ, 10/21, Proquest
Pressures to cut defense spending, and to dodge the cost of waging two wars
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of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures. Walt 5 – Professor @ Harvard
Stephen, “The relationship between theory and policy in international relations” Annual review of political science, 23-48
Policy decisions can be influenced by several types of knowledge. First, policy makers
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know why they occur, or if our explanations for them are incorrect. We use a combination of logic and evidence – our everyday existence proves the world isn’t random, and we can ccenario planMesquita 11 – Professor of Politics @ NYU
Bruce Bueno De Mesquita, Julius Silver Professor of Politics at New York University, July 18, 2011. “Fox-Hedging or Knowing: One Big Way to Know Many Things. http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/18/bruce-bueno-de-mesquita/fox-hedging-or-knowing-one-big-way-to-know-many-things/?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+cato-unbound+%28Cato+Unbound%29
It is hard to say which is more surprising, that anyone still argues that
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and evaluated through replicable tests of evidence, we progress toward better prediction. Schweller 4
Randall L. Schweller, Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at The Ohio State University, “Unanswered Threats A Neoclassical RealistTheory of Underbalancing,” International Security 29.2 (2004) 159-201, Muse
Despite the historical frequency of underbalancing, little has been written on the subject.
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domestic-level variables that regularly intervene to thwart balance of power predictions. Pinker ‘11
(Steven, Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, “Violence Vanquished: We believe our world is riddled with terror and war, but we may be living in the most peaceable era in human existence. Why brutality is declining and empathy is on the rise,” 9-24-2011, http://online.ws j.com/article/SB10001424053111904106704576583203589408180.html?mod=googlenews_wsj)
On the day this article appears, you will read about a shocking act of
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impetus to cherish the forces of civilization and enlightenment that made it possible. You should be skeptical of the truth-value of Lifton’s work- his paradigm is reductionist and uses psychological concepts that have no biological support.Lageman ‘87
August G. Lageman. “Encounter with Death: The Thought of Robert Jay Lifton”. Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Winter, 1987), pp. 300-308. JSTOR.
There are a number of limitations to Lifton's work. First, as we have
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the modes of immortality? Is one mode as good as the next? Goldstein 1
Joshua Goldstein, Int’l Rel Prof @ American U, 2001, War and Gender, p. 412
First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working
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on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate. Instrumental rationality is the most valuable environmental framework – it leads to valuation not denigration – any alternative is unworkable and dangerousJustus 9 – PhD Candidate in Philosophy
James, et al, “Buying into conservation: intrinsic versus instrumental value,” Scholar
Considering conflicts between intrinsic and instrumen- tal values first, it is important to
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puts it, we view this approach as ‘buying into conservation.’ |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: KU KM | Judge: JStan The US provides incentives now, but US leadership is eroding and government policy is uncertainBiello ‘12
David Biello has been covering energy and the environment for nearly a decade, the last four years as an associate editor at Scientific American. He also hosts 60-Second Earth, a Scientific American podcast covering environmental news, and is working on a documentary with Detroit Public Television on the future of electricity. “Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power,” 3/27/12 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-powerandpage=4 AD 9/20/12
But the Department of Energy funding may only support two designs. Innovation spurred by
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the world in safety, if we're not building new nuclear power plants." And the DoD’s aggressively pursuing clean energyWong 8/22
GreenBiz Associate Editor Kristine A. Wong is a multimedia journalist who became an editor and reporter after working for environmental and public health organizations in the Bay Area and Seattle for over 10 years. She has a master's degree in journalism from UC Berkeley. , "Inside the military's multibillion-dollar push for renewables," 8/22/12www.greenbiz.com/news/2012/08/22/military-multibillion-push-renewables AD 9/20/12
As the largest consumer of energy in the world, the Department of Defense has
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largest commitments to clean energy in history, according to the White House. Shalmon and Horowitz 9 - * Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group * assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania
(Dan, Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC, Mike, assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar, Orbis, Spring)
It is important to recognize at the outset two key points about United States strategy
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/asymmetric threats are inevitable given America’s role in the global order.24 Dependence weakens hegemony in two ways—first, forward basing---Fuel dependence seriously restricts military effectiveness – supply chains divert resources and slow operationsHourihan and Stepp’11
Matt, MA in Public Policy with a focus on science and technology policy, previous Jan Schori Fellow at the Business Council for Sustainable Energy; Matt, former Fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, a California energy policy think tank, MS in Science, Tech, and Public Policy. ITIF - Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, DC think tank exploring innovation policy. "Lean, Mean and Clean: Energy Innovation and the Department of Defense," March 2011. www.itif.org/files/2011-lean-mean-clean.pdf AD 9/8/12
But the aggregate dollar amount also doesn’t tell the whole story. Deloitte estimates the
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challenge the defense establishment to “unleash us from this fuel tether.”27
Schlossberg 11
(Andrew Scholssberg, Department of Political Science College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania, 4/8/11, “The Military Dimensions of Post-Cold War U.S. Oil Policy: Access to Oil and Consequences for Geostrategy” http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173andcontext=curej)
To OEPP planners, future wars will likely be held in theaters very close in
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use, imposing high costs in blood, treasure, and combat effectiveness. Forward basing is the only answer to the future of remote and irregular warfareElwell '11
Andrew, MA in history, Univ of Nottingham, worked with a niche armour systems manufacturer, former project manager for an in-theater MoD vehicle, headed up RandD at the company, Senior Editor ata a news and data provider, Defence IQ, news source for global defence; "Renewable energy tech sought for forward operating bases," 12/1/11, http://www.defenceiq.com/army-and-land-forces/articles/forward-operating-base-technologies-clean-green-an/, AD 9/16/12
“Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
AND
the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies. SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve
Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” [http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf] February
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
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the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives. Forward deployment ensures international stability—effectiveness key to carry out future missions and ensure deterrence and contain conflictDavidson and Flournoy ‘12
Michèle Flournoy, former distinguished research professor at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, former UnderSecretary of Defense for Policy, President of the Center for a New American Security, former Senior Adviser at the CSIS; Janine Davidson, PhD in International Studies, Assistant Professor in the School of Public Policy at GMU, previous Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Plans, “"Obama's new global posture: the logic of U.S. foreign deployments." Foreign Affairs, July-August 12, Academic OneFile, AD 9/16/12
The United States' network of alliances and partnerships ensures that the country rarely has to
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shared practices that make the militaries work together more effectively in the field. Andres and Breetz 11
(Richard Andres, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair at INSS, and Hanna Breetz, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2011, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712)
Despite these potential events, a cost-benefit analy- sis should shape any
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while forward operating bases endanger American convoy support personnel who must deliver fuel.
Bender '07
Bryan, Boston Globe, "Pentago study says oil reliance strains military," 5/1/07, citing LMI study and Milton R. Copulos, president of the National Defense Council Foundation, advisor on energy to the Secretary of Defense for the Defense Industrial Base Initiative and the principal consultant to the Department of Defense on the Defense Environment Initiative, member of the National Petroleum Council, former director of energy studies for the conservative Heritage Foundation, Senior Fellow at the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2007/05/01/pentagon_study_says_oil_reliance_strains_military/?page=1
WASHINGTON -- A new study ordered by the Pentagon warns that the rising cost and
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supply units that sustain them, which will result in increased energy consumption." An energy transition increases DoD flexibility and mobilityCrowley et al '07
Thomas D., "Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy: An Approach to Establishing An Energy Strategy," Thomas D. Crowley, President, L. E. Peabody and Associates, Inc, Tanya D. Corrie David B. Diamond Stuart D. Funk Wilhelm A. Hansen Andrea D. Stenhoff Daniel C. Swift Policy consultants for LMI is a governmental consulting organization April 2007 http://www.lmi.org/News~-~--Publications/publications/publication-detail.aspx?id=210 AD 9/13/12
An energy transformation that leverages process change in the short term and technological innovation in
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the support of the public while acting in concert with national environmental goals. Mobility key to demonstrate strength and respond to international incidentsCrowley et al '07
Thomas D., "Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy: An Approach to Establishing An Energy Strategy," Thomas D. Crowley, President, L. E. Peabody and Associates, Inc, Tanya D. Corrie David B. Diamond Stuart D. Funk Wilhelm A. Hansen Andrea D. Stenhoff Daniel C. Swift Policy consultants for LMI is a governmental consulting organization April 2007 http://www.lmi.org/News~-~--Publications/publications/publication-detail.aspx?id=210 AD 9/13/12
Recent experience indicates that the nature of the threat facing the United States is changing
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that address alternative supply sources and efficient consumption across all aspects of military operations ---Transition solves—Reducing petroleum dependence sends a global signal of US strength and doesn’t sacrifice readinessParthemore and Nagl '10
Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston's Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12
A successful transition away from petroleum will produce financial, operational and strategic gains.
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armed services to accomplish their missions in the years and decades to come. Preserving the perception of military effectiveness key—a weakened military invites aggression and rash warsFeaver 3
Professor of Political Science at Duke, Peter D., Armed Services: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations, p.213
The civil-military problematique is so vexing because it involves balancing two vital and
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leading them to rash behavior and then failing in the ultimate military contest. Russian aggression, Taiwan war, Korea war, Afghanistan war, Indo-Pak war, Pakistan war, Central Asia War, Israel war/strikes, Allied Prolif
Brzezinski '12 - Professor of Foreign Policy at SAIS
Zbigniew, PhD in government, scholar at CSIS, former National Security Advisor, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," Foreign Policy Jan/Feb '12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full AD 9/16/12
With the decline of America's global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to
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extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America's Persian Gulf allies.
Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank
America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. Bernstein and Gerami 12
(Paul Bernstein, Senior Research Fellow in the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (CSWMD) at the National Defense University, and Nina Gerami, Research Fellow in CSWMD, *ENR = uranium enrichment and plutonium reprocessing* June 2012, “Proliferation Risks of Civilian Nuclear Power Programs” http://wmdcenter.dodlive.mil/files/2012/06/CSWMD-Proceedings-3-FINAL.pdf)
Nuclear Renaissance? Lending added urgency to nonproliferation efforts is the possibility that nuclear power
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deferring their plans, while others have vowed to stay on track.6 Demand for nuclear power increasing as faith in the NPT waningMiller and Sagan ‘09
Steven E. Miller Ph.D. in international relations from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy is Editor-in-chief of International Security and Director of the International Security Program of BCSIA. Scott D. Sagan Caroline S.G. Munro Professor of Political Science; FSI and CISAC Senior Fellow "Nuclear Power without Nuclear Proliferation?" Fall 2009 Daedalus www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/daed.2009.138.4.7 AD 9/18/12
The global nuclear order is changing. Concerns about climate change, the volatility of
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regime seems to be eroding even as interest in nuclear power is expanding. Unmanaged nuclear renaissance of status quo reactor tech ensures proliferation and nuclear terrorismMacalister ‘09
Tony, The Guardian Citing Frank Charles Barnaby, Nuclear Issues Consultant to the Oxford Research Group, nuclear physicist, former Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Professor at the VU University Amsterdam and awarded the Harold Stassen Chair of International Relations at the University of Minnesota AND Ian Kearns Deputy Chair of Institute for Public Policy Research’s Security Commission New generation of nuclear power stations 'risk terrorist anarchy' 3/16/09 www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/16/nuclearpower-nuclear-waste AD 9/18/12
The new generation of atomic power stations planned for Britain, China and many other
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low-carbon energy and a stable nuclear weapons environment," he said. Widespread prolif risks nuclear war –escalates ongoing disputes and risk of nonstate organizations proliferatingEvans and Kawaguchi ‘09
Gareth, Professor of law at Australian National University, President Emeritus of the International Crisis Group, former Australian Foreign Minister, commission co-chair ; Yoriko, former Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, Member of the Advisory Board of the Energy and Climate Change Working Group of the Clinton Global Initiative, M.Phil In Economics; Report includes Dr. Alexei Arbatov, Head of the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chair of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center; "ELIMINATING NUCLEAR THREATS Repor t of the A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers," November 2009 Report of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament; http://icnnd.org/Reference/reports/ent/downloads.html, AD 9/19/12
Ensuring that no new states join the ranks of those already nucleararmed must continue to
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nuclear power centres divided by multiple and cross-cutting sources of conflict. And those conflicts all escalate to extinctionUtgoff in 2 —Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces and Resources @Institute for Defense Analysis
[Victor A., Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division, Institute for Defense Analyses, “Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions,” Survival, v. 44 n. 2, Summer 2002].
In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out
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a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations. Knopf in ‘2—department of National Security Affairs @Naval Postgrad School
[Jeffrey, Department of National Security Affairs at Naval Postgraduate School, Security Studies, “Recasting the Proliferation Optimism-Pessimism Debate”, Oct. 2002]
DEVELOPING AND testing theories are core tasks in the social sciences. Accordingly, social
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century taboo on nuclear use are too unpredictable to tempt us to run the
experiment.”24 Horowitz ‘09
Michael C., PhD in Government at Harvard, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict: Does Experience Matter?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 2/10/09, cc.sjtu.edu.cn/G2S/eWebEditor/uploadfile/20120301175143_293108991670.pdf, AD 9/19/12
Learning as states gain experience with nuclear weapons is complicated.While to some extent
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to find themselves in disputes with resolved adversaries that will reciprocate militarized challenges. Speice 6
Speice, Patrick F., Jr. "Negligence and nuclear nonproliferation: eliminating the current liability barrier to bilateral U.S.-Russian nonproliferation assistance programs." William and Mary Law Review 47.4 (Feb 2006): 1427(59). Expanded Academic ASAP.
The potential consequences of the unchecked spread of nuclear knowledge and material to terrorist groups
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in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons.53 DoD leadership on small nuclear reactors is key to locking the market—the alternative foreign dominated market that causes prolif and nuclear meltdowns
Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” [http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf] February
Domestic Nuclear Expertise. From the perspective of larger national security issues, if DOD
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will dictate standards on nuclear reactor reliability, performance, and proliferation resistance. Strong US nuclear industry key to nuclear leadership and nonproliferation standards —alternative is to cede to ChinaLoudermilk ‘11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Combating proliferation with US leadership Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the scattering
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standards on nuclear agreements, spent fuel reprocessing, and developing reactor technologies. Andres and Breetz ‘11
Richard B. Andres is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications Strategic Form Feb 2011 http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
The “Valley of Death.” Given the promise that small reactors hold for military
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, gaining NRC certification for new technologies, and demonstrating technical viability.32
Fitzpatrick et al '11
Ryan, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy; Josh Freed is the Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way Mieke Eoyang is Director for National Security at Third Way ; Third Way is the leading think tank of the moderate wing of the progressive movement " Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance Clean Energy Technology... And Why It Has To ," http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CEAQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.thirdway.org%2Fpublications%2F414%2FThird_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdfandei=qvdLUMv9Bo369gS36IHQCgandusg=AFQjCNGb9TOO069aF0CT-EADvO8wsN9DjA June 2011 AD 9/8/12
Use the Procurement Process to Promote Innovative Energy Technologies The DoD has over $400
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DoD’s energy goals, even if these procurements come with higher upfront costs. CNA '09
not-for-profit company providing analysis to government leaders, Military Advisory Board includes - CHAIRMAN: General Charles F. “Chuck” Wald, USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Commander, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) General Charles G. Boyd, USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) Lieutenant General Lawrence P. Farrell, Jr., USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force General Paul J. Kern, USA (Ret.) Former Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command General Ronald E. Keys, USAF (Ret.) Former Commander, Air Combat Command Admiral T. Joseph Lopez, USN (Ret.) Former Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe and of Allied Forces, Southern Europe General Robert Magnus, USMC (Ret.) Former Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps "Powering America's Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security," May 2009, http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CCoQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPowering%2520Americas%2520Defense.pdfandei=2i9MUJLyAYT69gTOg4HwAgandusg=AFQjCNF3dCDpNZvm91zZm6SIOz_mTa_2Gg AD 9/9/12
In achieving this new energy future, DoD should once again play an important role
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of energy security and climate change, must be “efficient mission effectiveness.” Loudermilk ‘11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Although large reactors possess a stellar safety record throughout their history of operation, SMRs
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, an accident affecting one reactor would be limited to that individual reactor. |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Fullerton BS | Judge: Russell ====Wind industry growth is increasing, but PTC extension and predictability are vital to making wind a sustainable source of energy- failure to extend the PTC causes wind to fold.====
Orcutt ’12
Mike Orcutt, Technology Review’s Research Editor, Does the Wind Production Tax Credit Matter?, August 17, 2012, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/428927/does-the-wind-production-tax-credit-matter/
The fast-growing but still relatively tiny U.S. wind industry is
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anticipate much lower wind capacity additions in the absence of federal tax incentives. Friedman ’12
Thomas L., Friedman, NYT Op-Ed columnist, Pulitzer Prize winner, author, "Get it Right on Gas," 8/4/12 html?_r=4%26ref=opinion AD 8/17/12
That is the question — because natural gas is still a fossil fuel. The
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have to apply them, too, so everyone has the same cost basis Jacobson ’09
Mark Z., Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Director of the Atmosphere/ Energy Program at Stanford University. PhD in Atmospheric Sciences "Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security" Energy %26 Environmental Science Issue 2, 2009 http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2009/ee/b809990c AD 8/17/12
In this section, the CO2-equivalent (CO2e) emissions (emissions of
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the 1970s still operate today, a 30 yr lifetime is more realistic. Must rapidly deploy renewables to meet demand and avoid extended periods of warmingMyhrvold and Caldeira ’12
Nathan, PhD in theoretical and mathematical physics; former Chief Technology Officer at Microsoft and co-founder of Intellectual Ventures; Ken Caldeira, PhD in Atmospheric Sciences, former Environmental Scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Former lead author of an IPCC AR5 chapter, now atmospheric scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science’s Dept of Global Ecology; "Greenhouse gases, climate change and the transition from coal to low-carbon electricity," Environmental Research Letters Vol 7 Number 1 (Journal from Institute of Physics) March 2012, http://iopscience.iop.org.www2.lib.ku.edu:2048/1748-9326/7/1/014019, AD 8/25/12
Here, we have examined energy system transitions on the¶ scale of the existing
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, solar, and nuclear, and possibly¶ carbon capture and storage. Akorede ’12
M.F., Ph.D degree in Electrical Power Engineering from Universiti Putra Malaysia, H. Hizam,M.Z.A. Ab Kadir,I. Aris,S.D. BubaElectrical %26 Electronic Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, "Mitigating the anthropogenic globalwarming in the electric power industry,"Renewable and Sustainable Energy ReviewsVolume 16, Issue 5, June 2012, Pages 2747–2761 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112001311 AD 8/17/12
The most notorious emitters of these GHGs are the fossil fuels-fired conventional power
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boilers, etc. ~[3~], ~[7~] and ~[8~]. Warming is real and human induced – consensus is on our side – numerous studies proveRahmstorf 8 – Professor of Physics of the Oceans
Richard, of Physics of the Oceans at Potsdam University, Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto, Edited by Ernesto Zedillo, "Anthropogenic Climate Change?," pg. 42-4
It is time to turn to statement B: human activities are altering the climate
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that anthropogenic global warming is a reality with which we need to deal. Antholis and Talbott 10 – Director and President @ Brookings
William Antholis, managing director of the Brookings Institution and a senior fellow in Governance Studies, former director of studies at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and Strobe Talbott, president of the Brookings Institution, deputy Sec. of State under Clinton, "The Global Warming Tipping Point," The Globalist, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523
Moreover, we need to start reductions now in order to slow temperature rise later
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not burn fossil fuels and therefore do not pump CO2 into the atmosphere. Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA
Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, "Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it," pg. 122
The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2
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adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes. Gordon 7
Ruth Gordon, Professor of Law at Villinova University, "The Climate of Environmental Justice: Taking Stock: Climate Change and the Poorest Nations: Further Reflections on Global Inequality". Colorado Law Review, Lexis
There is no longer any question that the earth’s climate is warming. We can
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a slow death in ecologically vulnerable and technologically lacking low-income nations. Global warming disproportionately effects the worlds most vulnerable populations – continued emissions affect all functions critical to a healthy and sustainable lifeGoldman 11 – MD, Representative for the American Public Health Association
Lynn Goldman, MD, Representative for the American Public Health Association, 2-9-2011, "ENERGY AND TAX PREVENTION ACT OF 2011," CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis
Climate change is a public health issue and is one of the greatest threats to
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among our most vulnerable populations, children, the elderly and the poor. Burkett 8 – Professor of Law
Maxine Burkett, Associate Professor, University of Colorado Law School, 2008, "Just Solutions to Climate Change: A Climate Justice Proposal for a Domestic Clean Development Mechanism," 56 Buffalo L. Rev. 169, Lexis
The emerging field of "climate justice" is concerned with the intersection of race
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off militate in favor of distribution bending steeply in favor of the poor. Kurasawa ’4, (Fuyuki, Assistant Prof. of Sociology @ York University, Cautionary Tales, Constellations Vol. 11, No. 4, Blackwell Synergy)
In the twenty-first century, the lines of political cleavage are being drawn
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a position to ’move up’ and become institutionalized via strong publics.7 Kurasawa ’4, (Fuyuki, Assistant Prof. of Sociology @ York University, Cautionary Tales, Constellations Vol. 11, No. 4, Blackwell Synergy)
In addition, farsightedness has become a priority in world affairs due to the appearance
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case of the spiraling African and Asian AIDS pandemics, appear particularly glaring.
Kurasawa ’4, (Fuyuki, Assistant Prof. of Sociology @ York University, Cautionary Tales, Constellations Vol. 11, No. 4, Blackwell Synergy) In the previous section, I described how the capacity to produce, disseminate,
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the basis of which civic associations can enact the work of preventive foresight. Public understanding of climate change is low—debate is critical to bring awareness of conceptual solutions and the risks of climate changeWeber and Stern 11—professor @ Center for Research on Environmental Studies @ Columbia
Elke U. and Paul C, "Public Understanding of Climate Change in the United States" American Psychologist Vol. 66, No. 4, 315–328 (May/June)
The trajectory of public understanding frustrates many climate scientists and educators who see climate risks
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region to weather even the most pessimistic climate projections if action begins soon. Beck 10 – Professor of Sociology @ Munich
Ulrich, sociology prof at Munich, "Climate for Change, or How to Create a Green Modernity?", Theory Culture Society 2010 27: 254
Sixth thesis: The political explosiveness of global risks is largely a function of their
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powerful as this hunger for modernization or it is condemned to repeated failure. And, contesting possible futures is an affirmation of life- it allows us to gamble on the future as open, making subversion of disciplinary subjectivities possibleDunmire ’3, (Patricia, Assoc. Prof. of English @ Kent State U, Preempting the future: rhetoric and ideology of the future in political discourse, Discourse and Society, Vol 16(4): 481–513 10.1177, muse) Alessandrini (2003) calls for re-conceptualizing the future through critical readings of
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identifications for particular social fractions at particular moments. (p. 275) |
| 09/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: KSU KM | Judge: JStan Your Impacts are empirically disproved - a distinct species dies every 20 minutes and biodiversity has recovered after the last 5 extinctionsScience Daily ‘2
“Extinction Rate Across the Globe Reaches Historical Proportions.” 1/10/2002.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/01/020109074801.htm
Levin's column noted that on average, a distinct species of plant or animal becomes
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a permanent state, especially if vast tracts of wilderness area are destroyed. EPI 10
(Energy Policy Institute, June 2010, “Economic and Employment Impacts of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors” http://epi.boisestate.edu/media/3494/economic%20and%20employment%20impacts%20of%20smrs.pdf)
Desalination. The IAEA has identified desalination as possibly the leading non-‐electric civilian
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with conventional nuclear plants and other sources of generation (Arthur, 2010). Oceans are already entering a period of unprecedented destruction – too many alt causes such as over-fishing, pollution and climate change.Black ‘11
Richard Black, Environment correspondent, BBC News. “World's oceans in 'shocking' decline”. June 20, 2011. BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13796479
The oceans are in a worse state than previously suspected, according to an expert
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sea level rise, and release of methane trapped in the sea bed. Nuclear water use has no impact, and has improved local ecosystemsNEI 6-21 “Myths and Facts about Nuclear Energy Synopses of Common Myths about Nuclear Energy and Corresponding Facts That Refute Them” Nuclear Energy Institute June 21 2012: The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) is the policy organization of the nuclear energy and technologies industry and participates in both the national and global policy-making process.
Plant cooling systems greatly harm aquatic environments and fish populations. Fact: Scientific studies
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For further information, visit NEI’s Water Use and Environmental Stewardship Web page.
NEI 6-21 “Myths and Facts about Nuclear Energy Synopses of Common Myths about Nuclear Energy and Corresponding Facts That Refute Them” Nuclear Energy Institute June 21 2012: The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) is the policy organization of the nuclear energy and technologies industry and participates in both the national and global policy-making process.
Nuclear power plants consume large quantities of fresh water. Fact: According to the
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protective measures at the water intakes minimize risk to fish and other organisms. Vujić et al 12
Jasmina University of California, Berkeley, Ryan M. Bergmann UC Berk, Radek Škoda Texas AandM, Marija Miletić The Czech Technical University, 16 March, “Smallmodularreactors: Simpler, safer, cheaper?” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054421200093X
SMRs small size could be beneficial in providing electric power to remote areas that are
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) Lower initial costs and risks; and (10) Proliferation resistance. |
| 09/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: KSU KM | Judge: JStan Lovering et al 9/7
(Jessica Lovering, policy analyst @ Breakthrough Institute, Ted Nordhaus, chairman of the Breakthrough Institute, and Michael Shellenberger, president of the Breakthrough Institute, 9/7/12, “Out of the Nuclear Closet” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet)
Nuclear has enjoyed bipartisan support in Congress for more than 60 years, but the
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and an entirely different regulatory framework to review and approve new commercial designs. The Examiner 9/21
Mitt Romney winning 301 electoral votes as projected by polling data. 9/21/12. http://www.examiner.com/article/mitt-romney-winning-301-electoral-votes-as-projected-by-polling-data-1.
If the election were held today Mitt Romney would win 301 electoral votes while Barack
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above shows the map based on this analysis and projection of electoral votes.
Reich 9/20
ROBERT B. REICH, Chancellor's Professor of Public Policy at the University of California at Berkeley, was Secretary of Labor in the Clinton administration. Four Reasons Why Romney Might Still Win. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-reich/romney-election-chances_b_1899694.html. - Between now and Election Day come two jobs reports from the Bureau of
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Chinese economy slowing, the upcoming job reports are unlikely to be stellar.
John Gray. Associate at Perkins Coie. Choosing the nuclear option: the case for a strong regulatory response to encourage nuclear energy development. 41 Ariz. St. L.J. 315-348 (2009).
Environmentalists n155 may also find solace in the fact that no serious nuclear incidents have
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n162 This is the one area that cannot change quickly without governmental support. Voters don’t care about energy and candidates won’t make it an issueFletcher 9/17
Sam, Oil and Gas Reporter, Oil and Gas Journal, “Energy Doesn’t Win Voters”, http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/vol-110/issue-9b/regular-features/journally-speaking/energy-doesn-t-win-votes.html
Outside the oil patch, energy doesn't seem to be a factor in the US
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need to address, and the risks of misstatement are simply too great." Shleifer and Treisman ’11 – Professor of Economic at Harvard and Professor of PoliSci at UCLA
Andrei Shleifer, Professor of Economics at Harvard University, and Daniel Treisman, Professor of Political Science at the University of California,Los Angeles, and a Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna. “Why Moscow Says No: A Question of Russian Interests, Not Psychology”. Foreign Affairs. Jan/Feb 2011. Vol. 90, Iss. 1; pg. 122. ProQuest.
With very few exceptions, Russia does not need or want help from Washington in
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Germany, Spain, and the Czech Republic than in the United States. Bostrom 7
[Nick, Future of Humanity Institute, Faculty of Philosophy and James Martin 21st Century School, Oxford University, 2009 Gannon Award Recipient, The Future of Humanity, 2007, www.nickbostrom.com/papers/future.pdf]
Extinction risks constitute an especially severe subset of what could go badly wrong for humanity
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setback: a giant massacre for man, a small misstep for mankind. |
| 1 | 09/26/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
aqgress@gmail.com |
| 10/06/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: JMU | Judge: Hayes Watson The US provides incentives now, but US leadership is eroding and government policy is uncertainBiello ’12
David Biello has been covering energy and the environment for nearly a decade, the last four years as an associate editor at Scientific American. He also hosts 60-Second Earth, a Scientific American podcast covering environmental news, and is working on a documentary with Detroit Public Television on the future of electricity. "Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power," 3/27/12 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power%26page=4 AD 9/20/12
But the Department of Energy funding may only support two designs. Innovation spurred by
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the world in safety, if we’re not building new nuclear power plants." And the DoD’s aggressively pursuing clean energyWong 8/22
GreenBiz Associate Editor Kristine A. Wong is a multimedia journalist who became an editor and reporter after working for environmental and public health organizations in the Bay Area and Seattle for over 10 years. She has a master’s degree in journalism from UC Berkeley. , "Inside the military’s multibillion-dollar push for renewables," 8/22/12www.greenbiz.com/news/2012/08/22/military-multibillion-push-renewables AD 9/20/12
As the largest consumer of energy in the world, the Department of Defense has
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largest commitments to clean energy in history, according to the White House. Shalmon and Horowitz 9 - * Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group * assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania
(Dan, Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC, Mike, assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar, Orbis, Spring)
It is important to recognize at the outset two key points about United States strategy
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/asymmetric threats are inevitable given America’s role in the global order.24 —-Dependence weakens hegemony in two ways—first, forward basing—-Fuel dependence seriously restricts military effectiveness – supply chains divert resources and slow operationsHourihan and Stepp’11
Matt, MA in Public Policy with a focus on science and technology policy, previous Jan Schori Fellow at the Business Council for Sustainable Energy; Matt, former Fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, a California energy policy think tank, MS in Science, Tech, and Public Policy. ITIF - Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, DC think tank exploring innovation policy. "Lean, Mean and Clean: Energy Innovation and the Department of Defense," March 2011. www.itif.org/files/2011-lean-mean-clean.pdf AD 9/8/12
But the aggregate dollar amount also doesn’t tell the whole story. Deloitte estimates the
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challenge the defense establishment to "unleash us from this fuel tether."27 Forward basing is the only answer to the future of remote and irregular warfareElwell ’11
Andrew, MA in history, Univ of Nottingham, worked with a niche armour systems manufacturer, former project manager for an in-theater MoD vehicle, headed up R%26D at the company, Senior Editor ata a news and data provider, Defence IQ, news source for global defence; "Renewable energy tech sought for forward operating bases," 12/1/11, http://www.defenceiq.com/army-and-land-forces/articles/forward-operating-base-technologies-clean-green-an/, AD 9/16/12
"Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
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the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies. SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve*solves for oil
Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications" ~http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf~~ February
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
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the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives. Forward deployment ensures international stability—effectiveness key to carry out future missions and ensure deterrence and contain conflictDavidson and Flournoy ’12
Michèle Flournoy, former distinguished research professor at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at
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July-August 12, Academic OneFile, AD 9/16/12
The United States’ network of alliances and partnerships ensures that the country rarely has to
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shared practices that make the militaries work together more effectively in the field. Bender ’07
Bryan, Boston Globe, "Pentago study says oil reliance strains military," 5
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_says_oil_reliance_strains_military/?page=1
WASHINGTON — A new study ordered by the Pentagon warns that the rising cost and
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supply units that sustain them, which will result in increased energy consumption." Mobility key to demonstrate strength and respond to international incidentsCrowley et al ’07
Thomas D., "Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy: An Approach to Establishing An Energy Strategy," Thomas D. Crowley, President, L. E. Peabody %26 Associates, Inc, Tanya D. Corrie David B. Diamond Stuart D. Funk Wilhelm A. Hansen Andrea D. Stenhoff Daniel C. Swift Policy consultants for LMI is a governmental consulting organization April 2007 http://www.lmi.org/News—-Publications/publications/publication-detail.aspx?id=210 AD 9/13/12
Recent experience indicates that the nature of the threat facing the United States is changing
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that address alternative supply sources and efficient consumption across all aspects of military operations —-Transition solves—Reducing petroleum dependence sends a global signal of US strength and doesn’t sacrifice readinessParthemore and Nagl ’10
Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University’s Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston’s Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12
A successful transition away from petroleum will produce financial, operational and strategic gains.
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armed services to accomplish their missions in the years and decades to come. Preserving the perception of military effectiveness key—a weakened military invites aggression and rash warsFeaver 3
Professor of Political Science at Duke, Peter D., Armed Services: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations, p.213
The civil-military problematique is so vexing because it involves balancing two vital and
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leading them to rash behavior and then failing in the ultimate military contest. Russian aggression, Taiwan war, Korea war, Afghanistan war, Indo-Pak war, Pakistan war, Central Asia War, Israel war/strikes, Allied Prolif
Brzezinski ’12 - Professor of Foreign Policy at SAIS
Zbigniew, PhD in government, scholar at CSIS, former National Security Advisor, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," Foreign Policy Jan/Feb ’12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full AD 9/16/12
With the decline of America’s global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to
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extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America’s Persian Gulf allies. Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank
America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. exhilaration. Blank 9
Dr. Stephen Blank, Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College. March 2009. "Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?," online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf
Proliferators or nuclear states like China and Russia can then deter regional or intercontinental attacks
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perhaps make wars of aggression on their neighbors or their own people.172 And, their impact defense no longer applies.Palmer ’12
Alex Palmer. "Russia Rising". January 12, 2012. Harvard International Review. http://hir.harvard.edu/politics-of-disease/russia-rising?utm_source=feedburner%26utm_medium=feed%26utm_campaign=Feed%3A+HarvardInternationalReview+%28Harvard+International+Review%29%26utm_content=Google+Reader
At a time of uncertainty around the world, Russia finds itself poised to reclaim
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hibernation, but at the end of every winter comes a new spring. Bostrom 2
Nick, PhD, Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html
A much greater existential risk emerged with the build-up of nuclear arsenals in
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preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century. *And miscalc leads to extinctionEngdahl 7
F. William, February 18, pg. http://www.financialsense.com/editorials/engdahl/2007/0218.html
Putin also did not have North Korea, China, Pakistan or India in mind
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irradiate the planet and, perhaps, end human civilization in the process. Fisher ’11
Max Fisher is an associate editor at The Atlantic, 5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War 10/31/11 http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/5-most-likely-ways-the-us-and-china-could-spark-accidental-nuclear-war/247616/
The U.S. has the world’s second-largest nuclear arsenal with around
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Soviet mishaps of the 1980s — is exactly what makes them so dangerous. US nuclear leadership declining as nuclear power expanding internationally-risks nuclear proliferationWallace and Williams 12 *Mike, senior adviser with the U.S. Nuclear Energy Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C., Sarah, research associate with the project ( April 17, 2012 "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise" Center for Strategic and International Studies) HDG
America’s nuclear energy industry is in decline. Low natural gas prices, financing hurdles
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The United States cannot afford to become irrelevant in a new nuclear age.
Unmanaged nuclear renaissance of status quo reactor tech ensures proliferation and nuclear terrorismMacalister ’09
Tony, The Guardian Citing Frank Charles Barnaby, Nuclear Issues Consultant to the Oxford Research Group, nuclear physicist, former Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Professor at the VU University Amsterdam and awarded the Harold Stassen Chair of International Relations at the University of Minnesota AND Ian Kearns Deputy Chair of Institute for Public Policy Research’s Security Commission New generation of nuclear power stations ’risk terrorist anarchy’ 3/16/09 www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/16/nuclearpower-nuclear-waste AD 9/18/12
The new generation of atomic power stations planned for Britain, China and many other
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low-carbon energy and a stable nuclear weapons environment," he said. Widespread prolif risks nuclear war –escalates ongoing disputes and risk of nonstate organizations proliferatingEvans and Kawaguchi ’09
Gareth, Professor of law at Australian National University, President Emeritus of the International Crisis Group, former Australian Foreign Minister, commission co-chair ; Yoriko, former Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, Member of the Advisory Board of the Energy and Climate Change Working Group of the Clinton Global Initiative, M.Phil In Economics; Report includes Dr. Alexei Arbatov, Head of the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chair of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center; "ELIMINATING NUCLEAR THREATS Repor t of the A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers," November 2009 Report of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament; http://icnnd.org/Reference/reports/ent/downloads.html, AD 9/19/12
Ensuring that no new states join the ranks of those already nucleararmed must continue to
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nuclear power centres divided by multiple and cross-cutting sources of conflict. And those conflicts all escalate to extinctionUtgoff in 2 —Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces and Resources @Institute for Defense Analysis
~Victor A., Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division, Institute for Defense Analyses, "Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions," Survival, v. 44 n. 2, Summer 2002~.
In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out
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a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations. Knopf in ’2—department of National Security Affairs @Naval Postgrad School
~Jeffrey, Department of National Security Affairs at Naval Postgraduate School, Security Studies, "Recasting the Proliferation Optimism-Pessimism Debate", Oct. 2002~
DEVELOPING AND testing theories are core tasks in the social sciences. Accordingly, social
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century taboo on nuclear use are too unpredictable to tempt us to run the
experiment."24 Horowitz ’09
Michael C., PhD in Government at Harvard, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict: Does Experience Matter?" Journal of Conflict Resolution 2/10/09, cc.sjtu.edu.cn/G2S/eWebEditor/uploadfile/20120301175143_293108991670.pdf, AD 9/19/12
Learning as states gain experience with nuclear weapons is complicated.While to some extent
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to find themselves in disputes with resolved adversaries that will reciprocate militarized challenges. Speice 6
Speice, Patrick F., Jr. "Negligence and nuclear nonproliferation: eliminating the current liability barrier to bilateral U.S.-Russian nonproliferation assistance programs." William and Mary Law Review 47.4 (Feb 2006): 1427(59). Expanded Academic ASAP.
The potential consequences of the unchecked spread of nuclear knowledge and material to terrorist groups
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in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons.53 SMRs provide the US international clout in nonproliferation efforts and are prolif-resistantMandel 9
Jenny, Scientific American, Less Is More for Designers of "Right-Sized" Nuclear Reactors, 9/9, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-nuclear-power-plant-station-mini-reactor-http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-nuclear-power-plant-station-mini-reactor
Despite the nuclear industry’s talk about a "nuclear renaissance" and the promise of
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reactor itself — as early as 2014, for less than a billion dollars Loudermilk 11
(Micah Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 2/23/11, "In Defense of Small Reactors: A Response" http://csis.org/blog/defense-small-reactors-response-http://csis.org/blog/defense-small-reactors-response)
Smith’s final contention takes issue with the argument that DOD needs to operate as a
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security standpoint, but also from a mindset of preserving the nonproliferation agenda. ?Strong US nuclear industry key to nuclear leadership and nonproliferation standards —alternative is to cede to ChinaLoudermilk ’11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Combating proliferation with US leadership Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the scattering
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standards on nuclear agreements, spent fuel reprocessing, and developing reactor technologies. *DoD leadership on small nuclear reactors is key to locking the market—the alternative foreign dominated market that causes prolif and nuclear meltdownsAndres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications" ~http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf~~ February
Domestic Nuclear Expertise. From the perspective of larger national security issues, if DOD
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will dictate standards on nuclear reactor reliability, performance, and proliferation resistance. *Demand for nuclear power increasing as faith in the NPT waningMiller and Sagan ’09
Steven E. Miller Ph.D. in international relations from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy is Editor-in-chief of International Security and Director of the International Security Program of BCSIA. Scott D. Sagan Caroline S.G. Munro Professor of Political Science; FSI and CISAC Senior Fellow "Nuclear Power without Nuclear Proliferation?" Fall 2009 Daedalus www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/daed.2009.138.4.7 AD 9/18/12
The global nuclear order is changing. Concerns about climate change, the volatility of
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regime seems to be eroding even as interest in nuclear power is expanding. Andres %26 Breetz ’11
Richard B. Andres is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications Strategic Form Feb 2011 http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
The "Valley of Death." Given the promise that small reactors hold for military
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, gaining NRC certification for new technologies, and demonstrating technical viability.32 Fitzpatrick et al ’11
Ryan, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy; Josh Freed is the Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way Mieke Eoyang is Director for National Security at Third Way ; Third Way is the leading think tank of the moderate wing of the progressive movement " Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance Clean Energy Technology... And Why It Has To ," http://www.google.com/url?sa=t%26rct=j%26q=%26esrc=s%26source=web%26cd=2%26ved=0CEAQFjAB%26url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.thirdway.org%2Fpublications%2F414%2FThird_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdf%26ei=qvdLUMv9Bo369gS36IHQCg%26usg=AFQjCNGb9TOO069aF0CT-EADvO8wsN9DjA June 2011 AD 9/8/12
Use the Procurement Process to Promote Innovative Energy Technologies The DoD has over %24400
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DoD’s energy goals, even if these procurements come with higher upfront costs. CNA ’09
not-for-profit company providing analysis to government leaders, Military Advisory Board includes - CHAIRMAN: General Charles F. "Chuck" Wald, USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Commander, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) General Charles G. Boyd, USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) Lieutenant General Lawrence P. Farrell, Jr., USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force General Paul J. Kern, USA (Ret.) Former Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command General Ronald E. Keys, USAF (Ret.) Former Commander, Air Combat Command Admiral T. Joseph Lopez, USN (Ret.) Former Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe and of Allied Forces, Southern Europe General Robert Magnus, USMC (Ret.) Former Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps "Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security," May 2009, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t%26rct=j%26q=%26esrc=s%26source=web%26cd=2%26ved=0CCoQFjAB%26url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPowering%2520Americas%2520Defense.pdf%26ei=2i9MUJLyAYT69gTOg4HwAg%26usg=AFQjCNF3dCDpNZvm91zZm6SIOz_mTa_2Gg AD 9/9/12
In achieving this new energy future, DoD should once again play an important role
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of energy security and climate change, must be "efficient mission effectiveness." Loudermilk ’11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Although large reactors possess a stellar safety record throughout their history of operation, SMRs
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, an accident affecting one reactor would be limited to that individual reactor. |
| 10/14/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Plan The United States Department of Defense should increase procurement contracts for small modular nuclear reactors for domestic military installations. Inherency
The US provides incentives now, but US leadership is eroding and government policy is uncertain
Biello ‘12
David Biello has been covering energy and the environment for nearly a decade, the last four years as an associate editor at Scientific American. He also hosts 60-Second Earth, a Scientific American podcast covering environmental news, and is working on a documentary with Detroit Public Television on the future of electricity. “Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power,” 3/27/12 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-powerandpage=4 AD 9/20/12
But the Department of Energy funding may only support two designs. Innovation spurred by
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the world in safety, if we're not building new nuclear power plants."
And the DoD’s aggressively pursuing clean energy
Wong 8/22
GreenBiz Associate Editor Kristine A. Wong is a multimedia journalist who became an editor and reporter after working for environmental and public health organizations in the Bay Area and Seattle for over 10 years. She has a master's degree in journalism from UC Berkeley. , "Inside the military's multibillion-dollar push for renewables," 8/22/12www.greenbiz.com/news/2012/08/22/military-multibillion-push-renewables AD 9/20/12
As the largest consumer of energy in the world, the Department of Defense has
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largest commitments to clean energy in history, according to the White House.
Advantage 1: Hegemony
Advantage 1: Hegemony
US will continue to pursue hegemony inevitably—it’s only a question of whether those actions will be successful
Shalmon and Horowitz 9 - * Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group * assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania
(Dan, Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC, Mike, assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar, Orbis, Spring)
It is important to recognize at the outset two key points about United States strategy
AND
/asymmetric threats are inevitable given America’s role in the global order.24
---Dependence weakens hegemony in two ways—first, forward basing---Fuel dependence seriously restricts military effectiveness – supply chains divert resources and slow operations
Hourihan and Stepp’11
Matt, MA in Public Policy with a focus on science and technology policy, previous Jan Schori Fellow at the Business Council for Sustainable Energy; Matt, former Fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, a California energy policy think tank, MS in Science, Tech, and Public Policy. ITIF - Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, DC think tank exploring innovation policy. "Lean, Mean and Clean: Energy Innovation and the Department of Defense," March 2011. www.itif.org/files/2011-lean-mean-clean.pdf AD 9/8/12
But the aggregate dollar amount also doesn’t tell the whole story. Deloitte estimates the
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challenge the defense establishment to “unleash us from this fuel tether.”27
Forward basing is the only answer to the future of remote and irregular warfare
Elwell '11
Andrew, MA in history, Univ of Nottingham, worked with a niche armour systems manufacturer, former project manager for an in-theater MoD vehicle, headed up RandD at the company, Senior Editor ata a news and data provider, Defence IQ, news source for global defence; "Renewable energy tech sought for forward operating bases," 12/1/11, http://www.defenceiq.com/army-and-land-forces/articles/forward-operating-base-technologies-clean-green-an/, AD 9/16/12
“Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
AND
the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies.
SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve
*solves for oil
Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf February
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
AND
the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.
Forward deployment ensures international stability—effectiveness key to carry out future missions and ensure deterrence and contain conflict
Davidson and Flournoy ‘12
Michèle Flournoy, former distinguished research professor at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, former UnderSecretary of Defense for Policy, President of the Center for a New American Security, former Senior Adviser at the CSIS; Janine Davidson, PhD in International Studies, Assistant Professor in the School of Public Policy at GMU, previous Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Plans, “"Obama's new global posture: the logic of U.S. foreign deployments." Foreign Affairs, July-August 12, Academic OneFile, AD 9/16/12
The United States' network of alliances and partnerships ensures that the country rarely has to
AND
shared practices that make the militaries work together more effectively in the field. ---Second, military response abilities---Reliance on oil prevents military respond to crises in hot spots
Bender '07
Bryan, Boston Globe, "Pentago study says oil reliance strains military," 5/1/07, citing LMI study and Milton R. Copulos, president of the National Defense Council Foundation, advisor on energy to the Secretary of Defense for the Defense Industrial Base Initiative and the principal consultant to the Department of Defense on the Defense Environment Initiative, member of the National Petroleum Council, former director of energy studies for the conservative Heritage Foundation, Senior Fellow at the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2007/05/01/pentagon_study_says_oil_reliance_strains_military/?page=1
WASHINGTON -- A new study ordered by the Pentagon warns that the rising cost and
AND
supply units that sustain them, which will result in increased energy consumption."
Mobility key to demonstrate strength and respond to international incidents
Crowley et al '07
Thomas D., "Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy: An Approach to Establishing An Energy Strategy," Thomas D. Crowley, President, L. E. Peabody and Associates, Inc, Tanya D. Corrie David B. Diamond Stuart D. Funk Wilhelm A. Hansen Andrea D. Stenhoff Daniel C. Swift Policy consultants for LMI is a governmental consulting organization April 2007 http://www.lmi.org/News~-~--Publications/publications/publication-detail.aspx?id=210 AD 9/13/12
Recent experience indicates that the nature of the threat facing the United States is changing
AND
that address alternative supply sources and efficient consumption across all aspects of military operations
---Transition solves—Reducing petroleum dependence sends a global signal of US strength and doesn’t sacrifice readiness
Parthemore and Nagl '10
Christine Fellow (CNAS), where she directed the Natural Security Program and the Natural Security Blog Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, and serves on the Council of Advisors for U-Mass Boston's Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security and John,PhD, Oxford University, Master of the Military Arts and Sciences Degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, CNAS Senior Fellow, Minerva Research Fellow U.S. Naval Academy "Fueling the Future Force Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era" Sept 2010, Center for a New American Security http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Fueling%20the%20Future%20Force_NaglParthemore.pdf.AD 9/13/12
A successful transition away from petroleum will produce financial, operational and strategic gains.
AND
armed services to accomplish their missions in the years and decades to come.
Preserving the perception of military effectiveness key—a weakened military invites aggression and rash wars
Feaver 3
Professor of Political Science at Duke, Peter D., Armed Services: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations, p.213
The civil-military problematique is so vexing because it involves balancing two vital and
AND
leading them to rash behavior and then failing in the ultimate military contest. Decline destabilizes all global hotspots
Russian aggression, Taiwan war, Korea war, Afghanistan war, Indo-Pak war, Pakistan war, Central Asia War, Israel war/strikes, Allied Prolif
Brzezinski '12 - Professor of Foreign Policy at SAIS
Zbigniew, PhD in government, scholar at CSIS, former National Security Advisor, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," Foreign Policy Jan/Feb '12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full AD 9/16/12
With the decline of America's global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to
AND
extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America's Persian Gulf allies. Any of these would escalate into great power wars—American retrenchment collapse current restraints
Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank
America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
AND
forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.
Renewed Russian expansionism threatens global nuclear war.
Blank 9
Dr. Stephen Blank, Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College. March 2009. “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?,” online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf
Proliferators or nuclear states like China and Russia can then deter regional or intercontinental attacks
AND
perhaps make wars of aggression on their neighbors or their own people.172
Only scenario for extinction
Bostrom 2
Nick, PhD, Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html
A much greater existential risk emerged with the build-up of nuclear arsenals in
AND
preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century.
*Asian conflicts escalate to nuclear war
Fisher ‘11
Max Fisher is an associate editor at The Atlantic, 5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War 10/31/11 http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/5-most-likely-ways-the-us-and-china-could-spark-accidental-nuclear-war/247616/
The U.S. has the world's second-largest nuclear arsenal with around
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Soviet mishaps of the 1980s -- is exactly what makes them so dangerous.
Advantage 2: Nuclear Proliferation US nuclear leadership declining as nuclear power expanding internationally-risks nuclear proliferation
Wallace and Williams 12 *Mike, senior adviser with the U.S. Nuclear Energy Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C., Sarah, research associate with the project ( April 17, 2012 “Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise” Center for Strategic and International Studies) HDG
America’s nuclear energy industry is in decline. Low natural gas prices, financing hurdles
AND
The United States cannot afford to become irrelevant in a new nuclear age.
Unmanaged nuclear renaissance of status quo reactor tech ensures proliferation and nuclear terrorism
Macalister ‘09
Tony, The Guardian Citing Frank Charles Barnaby, Nuclear Issues Consultant to the Oxford Research Group, nuclear physicist, former Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Professor at the VU University Amsterdam and awarded the Harold Stassen Chair of International Relations at the University of Minnesota AND Ian Kearns Deputy Chair of Institute for Public Policy Research’s Security Commission New generation of nuclear power stations 'risk terrorist anarchy' 3/16/09 www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/16/nuclearpower-nuclear-waste AD 9/18/12
The new generation of atomic power stations planned for Britain, China and many other
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low-carbon energy and a stable nuclear weapons environment," he said.
Widespread prolif risks nuclear war –escalates ongoing disputes and risk of nonstate organizations proliferating
Evans and Kawaguchi ‘09
Gareth, Professor of law at Australian National University, President Emeritus of the International Crisis Group, former Australian Foreign Minister, commission co-chair ; Yoriko, former Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, Member of the Advisory Board of the Energy and Climate Change Working Group of the Clinton Global Initiative, M.Phil In Economics; Report includes Dr. Alexei Arbatov, Head of the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chair of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center; "ELIMINATING NUCLEAR THREATS Repor t of the A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers," November 2009 Report of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament; http://icnnd.org/Reference/reports/ent/downloads.html, AD 9/19/12
Ensuring that no new states join the ranks of those already nucleararmed must continue to
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nuclear power centres divided by multiple and cross-cutting sources of conflict.
And those conflicts all escalate to extinction
Utgoff in 2 —Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces and Resources @Institute for Defense Analysis
Victor A., Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division, Institute for Defense Analyses, “Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions,” Survival, v. 44 n. 2, Summer 2002.
In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out
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a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations. Finally, we outweigh your generic theoretical arguments—the risk that we are right in even a single instance easily dwarfs your generic prolif good arguments
Knopf in ‘2—department of National Security Affairs @Naval Postgrad School
Jeffrey, Department of National Security Affairs at Naval Postgraduate School, Security Studies, “Recasting the Proliferation Optimism-Pessimism Debate”, Oct. 2002
DEVELOPING AND testing theories are core tasks in the social sciences. Accordingly, social
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century taboo on nuclear use are too unpredictable to tempt us to run the
experiment.”24 Rapid new proliferators especially dangerous—they engage in nuclear brinksmanship without checks on escalation
Horowitz ‘09
Michael C., PhD in Government at Harvard, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict: Does Experience Matter?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 2/10/09, cc.sjtu.edu.cn/G2S/eWebEditor/uploadfile/20120301175143_293108991670.pdf, AD 9/19/12
Learning as states gain experience with nuclear weapons is complicated.While to some extent
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to find themselves in disputes with resolved adversaries that will reciprocate militarized challenges. Nuclear terrorism triggers nuclear retaliation
Speice 6
Speice, Patrick F., Jr. "Negligence and nuclear nonproliferation: eliminating the current liability barrier to bilateral U.S.-Russian nonproliferation assistance programs." William and Mary Law Review 47.4 (Feb 2006): 1427(59). Expanded Academic ASAP.
The potential consequences of the unchecked spread of nuclear knowledge and material to terrorist groups
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in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons.53
SMRs provide the US international clout in nonproliferation efforts and are prolif-resistant
Mandel 9
Jenny, Scientific American, Less Is More for Designers of "Right-Sized" Nuclear Reactors, 9/9, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-nuclear-power-plant-station-mini-reactor
Despite the nuclear industry's talk about a "nuclear renaissance" and the promise of
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reactor itself -- as early as 2014, for less than a billion dollars
DOD investment for SMRs prevents proliferation
Loudermilk 11
(Micah Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 2/23/11, “In Defense of Small Reactors: A Response” http://csis.org/blog/defense-small-reactors-response)
Smith’s final contention takes issue with the argument that DOD needs to operate as a
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security standpoint, but also from a mindset of preserving the nonproliferation agenda. Solvency
DoD market key to SMR success for military applications
Andres and Breetz ‘11
Richard B. Andres is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications Strategic Form Feb 2011 http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
The “Valley of Death.” Given the promise that small reactors hold for military
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, gaining NRC certification for new technologies, and demonstrating technical viability.32
DoD has enormous procurement power—best way to develop
Fitzpatrick et al '11
Ryan, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy; Josh Freed is the Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way Mieke Eoyang is Director for National Security at Third Way ; Third Way is the leading think tank of the moderate wing of the progressive movement " Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance Clean Energy Technology... And Why It Has To ," http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CEAQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.thirdway.org%2Fpublications%2F414%2FThird_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdfandei=qvdLUMv9Bo369gS36IHQCgandusg=AFQjCNGb9TOO069aF0CT-EADvO8wsN9DjA June 2011 AD 9/8/12
Use the Procurement Process to Promote Innovative Energy Technologies The DoD has over $400
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DoD’s energy goals, even if these procurements come with higher upfront costs.
SMRs solve waste, radiation, and mining
James and Anniek Hansen ‘08
(James and Anniek Hansen, That really smart climate dude, http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~jeh1%2Fmailings%2F20081229_DearMichelleAndBarack.pdfandimages=yes, December 29, 2008, LEQ)
(3) Urgent RandD on 4 th generation nuclear power with international
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welcome technical cooperation aimed at rapid development of a reproducible safe nuclear reactor.
SMRs don’t have accidents
Loudermilk ‘11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Although large reactors possess a stellar safety record throughout their history of operation, SMRs
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, an accident affecting one reactor would be limited to that individual reactor. |
| 10/27/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States.Perry 12 – PhD, professor of economics and finance in the School of Management at the Flint campus of the University of Michigan
Mark, "U.S. Emerges As A Main Engine of Global Growth," http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2012/04/us-emerging-as-main-engine-of-global.html
"The U.S. once again may be emerging as a main engine
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current pickup in growth is clearly being led by the U.S." ====Decline causes nuclear war====
Harris and Burrows 9
Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
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more focus on preemption rather than defense, potentially leading to escalating crises. Green and Schrage 9 – Senior Advisor and Japan Chair @ CSIS and Associate Professor @ Georgetown University AND CSIS School Chair in International Business and Former Senior Official with the US Trade Representative’s Office (Michael J. and Steven P., "It’s not just the economy," State Department and Ways %26 Means Committee, Asia Times, 3/26, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/asian_economy/kc26dk01.html
Facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, analysts at the World Bank
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demonstration effect of liberal norms we are urging China to embrace at home. Royal 10 — Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense
Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises?", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views. Even absent conflict, hundreds of millions die and no successful transitionBarnhizer 6 — David R. Barnhizer, Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, 2006 "Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 18 Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev. 595
The scale of social needs, including the need for expanded productive activity, has
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social justice while avoiding and mitigating the most destructive consequences of our behavior. Jagdfeld 8/6
Aaron Jagdfeld, is president and chief executive officer of Generac Power Systems in Waukesha, WI.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2012/08/06/india-style-blackout-could-strike-the-u-s/
More people in the United States were affected by power outages last year than at
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grid that no one is responsible for (or capable of) fixing. Montgomery 8-25
Jeff Montgomery, Dan D’Ambrosio and Michael Risinit Reporters for Gannett Newspapers
Storms, heat repeatedly test U.S. power grid http://www.lohud.com/article/20120826/NEWS05/308260032/Storms-heat-repeatedly-test-U-S-power-grid
Extreme weather is putting America’s power grid to the test, with a year-
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predicted a %24107 billion shortfall in national electric system investment by 2020. Intervening actors can’t solve – commerce would collapse and would take years to restore absent the planZabarenko 8-3
Deborah Zabarenko Reporter for Reuters¶ WASHINGTON | Fri Aug 3, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/04/us-solar-superstorm-idUSBRE8721K820120804
Power blackouts can cause chaos, as they did briefly in India when more than
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death toll could run into the millions in the worst-case scenario. Pennington 12
Tess Pennington is former Armed Forces Emergency Services Center specialist and is well versed in emergency and disaster management and response and the founder of Ready Nutrition, a preparedness website
http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/when-the-grid-goes-down-you-better-be-ready
It is a fact that our country is more reliant on electrical power today than
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Americans would be dead ~[4~] from starvation, disease and violence.¶ Hecht 11
Laurence Hecht analyst for 21st Century Tech Solar Storm Threatening Power Grids – Yet no Action Taken to Implement Defences http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Solar-Storm-Threatening-Power-Grids-%E2%80%93-Yet-no-Action-Taken-to-Implement-Defences.html
According to a study by the Metatech Corporation, commissioned under Executive Order 13407 for
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chaos. Damage to infrastructure would cascade and create massive loss of life. This outweighs nuclear war
Huff 12
Ethan A. Huff, staff writer for Natural News, quoting David Chalk, PhD in Technology from University of the Fraser Valley, Hacking expert David Chalk says 100 percent certainty of catastrophic failure of smart energy grid within three years
http://www.naturalnews.com/035755_power_grid_failure_blackouts.html~~%23ixzz25hUgC5tu
(NaturalNews) For at least the past five years, the federal government has
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Internet, and effectively without any protection, is insanity at its finest." Latynina 2003
Yulia Latynina, journalist for Novaya Gazeta~[World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 11) www.worldpress.org/Americas/1579.cfm ~]
The scariest thing about the cascading power outages was not spoiled groceries in the fridge
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in power, and finally a cascading outage of the entire grid system. Independently, grid collapse leads to 71 nuclear meltdowns
Goldes 11
Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force
SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE
http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html
A map of the USA on the Aesop Institute website reflects a NASA study based
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This is a little publicized multi-trillion dollar, planet wide nightmare%21 AP 11
Associated Press 3-29-11 Nuclear power plants in U.S. vulnerable to power outages, study shows
http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html-http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
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things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami." Natural Resource Defense Council 11
What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here?
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/
A future severe nuclear accident at a U.S. nuclear power plant is
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potential for land contamination would still be high in a severe nuclear accident. Matsumura 12
Akio Matsumura is a renowned diplomat, he is Secretary General of the Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders on Human Survival with conferences held in Oxford, Moscow, Rio de Janeiro, Kyoto, and Konya¶ Fukushima Daiichi Site: Cesium-137 is 85 times greater than at Chernobyl Accident¶ http://akiomatsumura.com/2012/04/682.html
I asked top spent-fuel pools expert Mr. Robert Alvarez, former Senior
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debate over nuclear power plants. This is an issue of human survival. Wald 11
Matthew L. Wald is a reporter at The New York Times Risk From Spent Nuclear Reactor Fuel Is Greater in U.S. Than in Japan, Study Says http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/25/business/energy-environment/25nuke.html
The threat of a catastrophic release of radioactive materials from a spent fuel pool at
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in all four of the damaged Fukushima reactors combined, the report notes. Wasserman 01
(Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, "America’s Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself", October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)
Without continous monitoring and guaranteed water flow, the thousands of tons of radioactive rods
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core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down. Goldes 11
Goldes Nov 23, 2011 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force ¶ "SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE" www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html AD 10/25/12
We face a severe potential emergency. External threats serve to unite. The world
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specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern. Boswell 12
Randy Boswell, Reporter for Postmedia News August 3, 2012
Clock ticking on next massive Pacific coast quake
http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html~%23ixzz25nQXy0zf-http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html
Two separate geological studies released this week suggest the earthquake hazard in the transboundary region
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years. But we already have exceeded about three-fourths of them." Geological surveys prove a high likelihood of earthquakes – independently, hurricanes floods and tornadoesAFP 11
US not prepared for ’mega-disaster’: official March 17, 2011
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gJnlUXL4Rj-PlWj7hJOaWtU2B7fA?docId=CNG.d09217177032cbbc9a7b49e80f70edcb.2b1
The United States is not as prepared as it should be for a disaster on
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said, questioning whether United States can "handle a mega-disaster." Hazards 11
NMSZ¶ Expert¶ Panel¶ Report¶ to¶ NEPEC,¶ April¶ 16,¶ 2011
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/nepec/reports/NEPEC_NMSZ_expert_panel_report.pdf
On the occasion of the bicentennial of the 1811-1812 earthquakes, we have
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for damaging earthquakes that must be accounted for in urban planning and development. Olberholtzer %26 Stewart 11
William I. Oberholtzer formerly of the U.S. Army’s Combat Developments Experimentation Command; Research Institute for the Psychological and Behavioral Sciences;; and Chief of Armor Development, Army Research Laboratory.¶ Dr. Xavier Stewart is a retired Brigadier General (PA). He is currently Homeland Response Force Lead for J72 at the National Guard Bureau as a contractor for IIF Data Solutions, Inc and a subject matter expert in Homeland Security, WMD and CBRNE for the Corporation and NGB developing strategic papers, policies and educational developmental courseware The First 72 to 96 Hours Are Easy http://news.cbrnresourcenetwork.com/newsDetail.cfm?id=86-http://news.cbrnresourcenetwork.com/newsDetail.cfm?id=86
The majority of emergency responders are volunteers. Budgets are tight. Therefore, most
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, we have been able to contain outbreaks of H5N1 and H1N1 flu.¶ A major quake would cause long term grid collapse and render diesel backup generators uselessStockton 11
Paul N. Stockton is the assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs. Former director of the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Homeland Security Affairs is the online journal of the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Homeland Defense and Security http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11
The National Level Exercise 2011 (NLE 11) highlighted the need to strengthen our
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responsible for resupplying them could face a radical mismatch between supply and demand. The power grid is fragile and facing future collapseHeyes 8-15
J.D. Heyes is a writer for Natural News.com August 15, 2012
Overloaded US power grid stretched to capacity; Will America follow in India’s footsteps?
http://www.naturalnews.com/036808_power_grid_collapse_outages.html~%23ixzz23glXL83u-http://www.naturalnews.com/036808_power_grid_collapse_outages.html
Could the U.S. really suffer the kinds of widespread power outages that
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about %24107 billion would be needed by 2020, the ASCE said. Nicol 11
David M. Nicol is Professor of Computer and Electrical Engineering at the University of Illinois
Hacking the Lights Out: Computer viruses have taken out hardened industrial control systems. The electrical power grid may be next Scientific American http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Hacking_the_Lights_Out.pdf-http://www.cs.virginia.edu/robins/Hacking_the_Lights_Out.pdf
A year ago I took part in a test exercise that centered on a fictitious
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percent of the grid. Losing 8 percent would trigger a nationwide blackout. Moskowitz 11
Clara Moskowitz, SPACE.com Senior 19 February 2011 U.S. Must Take Space Storm Threat Seriously, Experts Warn Web 9-15-11 http://www.space.com/10906-space-storms-threat.html
Space weather could pose serious problems here on Earth in the coming years, the
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even, in the case of severe damage, years, experts warned. Malouf 12
F. Michael Maloof, staff writer for WND and G2Bulletin, is a former senior security policy analyst in the office of the secretary of defense, Feds And Utilities Face Off Over The Electromagnetic Pulse Threat Coming In 2014
http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-04-23/news/31384526_1_solar-storm-power-grid-nerc~~%23ixzz25LP2rcOb
April 23, 2012
As scientists warn of an impending solar storm between now and 2014 that could collapse
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of GMD transformer damage that appeared in previous report drafts," EISC said. Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown that photovotaics can be used effectively to supply electrical power during emergencies
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and experience they need to accept PV in their operations under these circumstances? Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ The second part of the value equation is found
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be prolonged. Mobile solar power can provide the security and the solutions. Young 03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center¶ Disasters and Energy Security Management¶ http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-PF-372-03.pdf
Listed above are various general applications that are presently available as PV-powered.
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-alone electrical power applications due to lower operating cost than gasoline generators. DOE 99
Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf
When disaster strikes, electric power¶ is usually the first critically¶ important service
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weather is extremely cloudy or stormy¶ for more than a few days. Anderson ’12
Bob, Public Affairs Officer for the Memphis District, "The Corps responds to Hurricane Isaac, assists Mississippi and Louisiana," 8/29/12 USACE Mississippi Valley Division, www.mvk.usace.army.mil/index.php?pID=8%26aID=440, AD 10/25/12
"Teams from our six districts and other districts within the United States are trained
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and damage assessment, and clearance, removal, and disposal of debris. *The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disasterCorps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to ensuring that its emergency¶ management teams are well prepared
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. These vehicles contain¶ cuttingedge¶ communications systems and computer¶ systems.
|
| 11/01/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas ClMi | Judge: Bankey The US provides incentives now, but US leadership is eroding and government policy is uncertainBiello ’12
David Biello has been covering energy and the environment for nearly a decade, the last four years as an associate editor at Scientific American. He also hosts 60-Second Earth, a Scientific American podcast covering environmental news, and is working on a documentary with Detroit Public Television on the future of electricity. "Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power," 3/27/12 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power%26page=4 AD 9/20/12
But the Department of Energy funding may only support two designs. Innovation spurred by
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the world in safety, if we’re not building new nuclear power plants." Dorfman ’12
Zach Dorfman is assistant editor of Ethics %26 International Affairs, the journal of the Carnegie Council, and co-editor of the Montreal Review, "What We Talk About When We Talk About Isolationism," 5/18/12, Dissent dissentmagazine.org/online.php?id=605, AD 10/2/12
The rise of China notwithstanding, the United States remains the world’s sole superpower.
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come and go, but the national security state appears here to stay. —-Dependence weakens hegemony in two ways—first, forward basing—-Fuel dependence seriously restricts military effectiveness – supply chains divert resources and slow operationsHourihan and Stepp’11
Matt, MA in Public Policy with a focus on science and technology policy, previous Jan Schori Fellow at the Business Council for Sustainable Energy; Matt, former Fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, a California energy policy think tank, MS in Science, Tech, and Public Policy. ITIF - Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, DC think tank exploring innovation policy. "Lean, Mean and Clean: Energy Innovation and the Department of Defense," March 2011. www.itif.org/files/2011-lean-mean-clean.pdf AD 9/8/12
But the aggregate dollar amount also doesn’t tell the whole story. Deloitte estimates the
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challenge the defense establishment to "unleash us from this fuel tether."27 Schlossberg 11
(Andrew Scholssberg, Department of Political Science College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania, 4/8/11, "The Military Dimensions of Post-Cold War U.S. Oil Policy: Access to Oil and Consequences for Geostrategy" http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173%26context=curej)
To OEPP planners, future wars will likely be held in theaters very close in
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use, imposing high costs in blood, treasure, and combat effectiveness. Forward basing is the only answer to the future of remote and irregular warfareElwell ’11
Andrew, MA in history, Univ of Nottingham, worked with a niche armour systems manufacturer, former project manager for an in-theater MoD vehicle, headed up R%26D at the company, Senior Editor ata a news and data provider, Defence IQ, news source for global defence; "Renewable energy tech sought for forward operating bases," 12/1/11, http://www.defenceiq.com/army-and-land-forces/articles/forward-operating-base-technologies-clean-green-an/, AD 9/16/12
"Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
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the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies. SMRs key to forward deployment and solving operational vulnerabilities—squo measures won’t solve*solves for oil
Andres and Breetz 11—national security professor @ National War College and Senior fellow/Energy and Environmental Security chair @ CSR
Richard and Andrea, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications" ~http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf~~ February
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
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the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives. Forward deployment ensures international stability—effectiveness key to carry out future missions and ensure deterrence and contain conflictDavidson and Flournoy ’12
Michèle Flournoy, former distinguished research professor at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at
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July-August 12, Academic OneFile, AD 9/16/12
The United States’ network of alliances and partnerships ensures that the country rarely has to
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shared practices that make the militaries work together more effectively in the field. Andres and Breetz 11
(Richard Andres, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair at INSS, and Hanna Breetz, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2011, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712)
Despite these potential events, a cost-benefit analy- sis should shape any
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while forward operating bases endanger American convoy support personnel who must deliver fuel. Bender ’07
Bryan, Boston Globe, "Pentago study says oil reliance strains military," 5
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_says_oil_reliance_strains_military/?page=1
WASHINGTON — A new study ordered by the Pentagon warns that the rising cost and
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supply units that sustain them, which will result in increased energy consumption." Mobility key to demonstrate strength and respond to international incidentsCrowley et al ’07
Thomas D., "Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy: An Approach to Establishing An Energy Strategy," Thomas D. Crowley, President, L. E. Peabody %26 Associates, Inc, Tanya D. Corrie David B. Diamond Stuart D. Funk Wilhelm A. Hansen Andrea D. Stenhoff Daniel C. Swift Policy consultants for LMI is a governmental consulting organization April 2007 http://www.lmi.org/News—-Publications/publications/publication-detail.aspx?id=210 AD 9/13/12
Recent experience indicates that the nature of the threat facing the United States is changing
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that address alternative supply sources and efficient consumption across all aspects of military operations Preserving the perception of military effectiveness key—a weakened military invites aggression and rash warsFeaver 3
Professor of Political Science at Duke, Peter D., Armed Services: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations, p.213
The civil-military problematique is so vexing because it involves balancing two vital and
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leading them to rash behavior and then failing in the ultimate military contest. Decline in military dominance will cause the US to become uncooperative and desperate. Hegemonic wars will ensueGoldstein 7
- Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania ~Avery Goldstein, "Power transitions, institutions, and China’s rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence," Journal of Strategic Studies-http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title%7Edb=all%7Econtent=t713636064, Volume 30-http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title%7Edb=all%7Econtent=t713636064%7Etab=issueslist%7Ebranches=30, Issue 4 %26 5 -http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title%7Edb=all%7Econtent=g780703608August 2007, pages 639 – 682~
Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical arguments focus explicitly on the consequences for
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the period prior to the possible crossover.19 pg. 647-650 Russian aggression, Taiwan war, Korea war, Afghanistan war, Indo-Pak war, Pakistan war, Central Asia War, Israel war/strikes, Allied Prolif
Brzezinski ’12 - Professor of Foreign Policy at SAIS
Zbigniew, PhD in government, scholar at CSIS, former National Security Advisor, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," Foreign Policy Jan/Feb ’12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=full AD 9/16/12
With the decline of America’s global preeminence, weaker countries will be more susceptible to
AND
extremism; a worldwide energy crisis; vulnerability of America’s Persian Gulf allies. Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank
America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. Wohlforth 9 - professor of government at Dartmouth College
William, "Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War," World Politics Volume 61, Number 1, January, EBSCO
Unipolarity thus generates far fewer incentives than either bipolarity or multipolarity for direct great power
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, the set of feasible comparison choices is constrained in highly consequential ways. Evolutionary evidence is useful for prediction – it’s falsifiable and accurateSchaller 6 – PhD in Psychology
Doug Kenrick, Mark Schaller, and Jeffery Simpson, All PHDS, "Evolution and Social Psychology," pg. 2-4
Whether applied to cognitive psychology or to evolutionary psychology, the charge of unverifiability is
AND
framework within which many super¬ficially different phenomena can be coherently integrated. —humans are violent
Buss and Duntley 6 – PhDs in Psychology
David and Joshua, "The evolution of aggression," from Evolution and Social Psychology pg. 263-265
Out of the more than 10 million animal species that exist and out of the
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A more complex model is needed—a model anchored in evolutionary psychology. Drezner 5 – Professor of IR @ Tufts
Daniel, Gregg Easterbrook, Associate Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, "War, and the dangers of extrapolation"
Daily explosions in Iraq, massacres in Sudan, the Koreas smakestaring at each other
AND
, the prospect of U.S. intervention would be equally daunting. Statistical and unbiased evidence supports our impact—heg solves proximate causes to warOwen 11 – associate professor of politics – University of Virginia
John, "Don’t Discount Hegemony," http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/-http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/
Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated
AND
U.S. material and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong. Moore 4 – Dir. Center for Security Law and Professor of Law @ University of Virginia, Editor of the American Journal of International Law
John Norton, "Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace," pg. 30-31
As so broadly conceived, there is strong evidence that deterrence, that is,
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levels of perceived profit and military achievability of aggression in many such settings.
Prefer our evidence that the theory of hegemony is accurate – longitudinal empirical analysis proves conflict has declined in the era of US hegemony —this card is also quite good on economic strength being key
Hubbard 10 – American University
Jesse Hubbard, "Hegemonic Stability Theory: An Empirical Analysis," Scholar
In his magnum opus The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon
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fearsome, but it is vulnerable to even a short blast of wind. Prefer empirical social sciences – our approach incorporates skepticism and alternative viewpoints, tests them and then provides the best positivist estimateMoravcsik 3 – Professor of Government @ Harvard
Andrew, "Theory Synthesis in International Relations: Real Not Metaphysical," International Studies Review, Proquest
The standard rules of social scientific discourse require that any debate should address a broad
AND
the study of world affairs. Let’s get on with the empirical research%21 Andres %26 Breetz ’11
Richard B. Andres is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications Strategic Form Feb 2011 http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
The "Valley of Death." Given the promise that small reactors hold for military
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, gaining NRC certification for new technologies, and demonstrating technical viability.32 Loudermilk ’11
Micah J., MA in International Relations, research Associate with Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy Program at National Defense University, supports Andres and Brown "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" 5/31/12 www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375 AD 9/18/12
Although large reactors possess a stellar safety record throughout their history of operation, SMRs
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, an accident affecting one reactor would be limited to that individual reactor. Szondy ’12
David, writes for charged and iQ magazine, award-winning journalist ,"Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?" 2/16/12, http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/
SMRs can help with proliferation, nuclear waste and fuel supply issues because, while
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it can provide power even to areas where security concerns have been raised. SMRs solve waste, radiation, and miningJames and Anniek Hansen ’08
(James and Anniek Hansen, That really smart climate dude, http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~~jeh1%2Fmailings%2F20081229_DearMichelleAndBarack.pdf%26images=yes-http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~jeh1%2Fmailings%2F20081229_DearMichelleAndBarack.pdf%26images=yes, December 29, 2008, LEQ)
(3) Urgent R%26D on 4 th generation nuclear power with international
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welcome technical cooperation aimed at rapid development of a reproducible safe nuclear reactor. |
| 11/01/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayne LM | Judge: Gabe Black communities have been the historical target of toxic trash – throwaways on a throwaway population. Instead of writing off these places, we advocate the production of solar electricity on waste sites to limit public harm and revitalize urban communitiesFelten 6 - Former President of the Ventura County Escrow Association
Jennifer, "BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT 1995-2005: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE SUCCESS STORY?", Real Property, Probate and Trust Journal, Proquest
Hence,¶ the results of the last ten years of Brownfield redevelopment reveal many reasons
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caring about the future of their communities, causes this distrust to dissipate. Mills 1 – Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago
Charles, "Faces of Environmental Racism: Confronting Issues of Global Justice (2nd ed.,), p. 88-89
In this revised conceptual framework, then, it becomes unsurprising that the United Church
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—throwaways on a throwaway population, dumping on the white body’s dumpsite. Ribeiro 7 – JD, managed the development of the Brockton Brightfield
Lori, "Waste to watts: A "brightfield" installation has the potential to bring renewed life to a brownfield site," Refocus, Science Direct
Many urban areas grapple with the challenge of redeveloping brownfields in ways that avoid the
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use of solar electricity can serve as a hedge against increasing electricity costs. Baker 8 – Lead Economist @ the Urban Development Unit
Judy, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1226422021646/directions_2.pdf?resourceurlname=directions_2.pdf
The impacts on the urban poor are felt through a number of channels. With regard to food prices, the high costs¶ directly hit the household consumption budgets of the poor¶ as they are almost all net consumers. Higher energy prices¶ result in higher production costs for a range of goods and¶ services which use fuel such as manufactured goods, food,¶ and transportation services though this impact is difficult¶ to quantify.¶ 2¶ The high costs also directly hit the urban poor¶ through the extra cost of purchasing fuel. The proportion of total household consumption that the poor spend on fuel is¶ approximately 10% overall, and tends to be higher in urban¶ areas. Higher prices may also cause households to move¶ down the ladder of fuels which can have negative consequences such as indoor air pollution with increased use of¶ biomass, and deforestation through collection of food (e.g.¶ in peri-urban areas). Tully 6 – former BP Postdoctoral Fellow of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre for the Analysis of Risk and Regulation and of the Law Department of the London School of Economics and Political Science
Stephen, "The Human Right to Access Electricity," The Electricity Journal vol 19 issue 3, April 2006, pg 30-39
Characterizing electricity as an essential civic service implies that governments are expected to provide access
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human needs enjoys priority above directly productive but competing agricultural or industrial applications. Solar Information No Date
"Solar Power and Climate Change" ~http://solar.calfinder.com/blog/solar-information/solar-power-and-climate-change/~~
Climate change is of the utmost importance
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change prevention and the impending energy overhaul. Warming is real and human induced – consensus is on our side – numerous studies proveRahmstorf 8 – Professor of Physics of the Oceans
Richard, of Physics of the Oceans at Potsdam University, Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto, Edited by Ernesto Zedillo, "Anthropogenic Climate Change?," pg. 42-4
It is time to turn to statement B: human activities are altering the climate
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that anthropogenic global warming is a reality with which we need to deal. Antholis and Talbott 10 – Director and President @ Brookings
William Antholis, managing director of the Brookings Institution and a senior fellow in Governance Studies, former director of studies at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and Strobe Talbott, president of the Brookings Institution, deputy Sec. of State under Clinton, "The Global Warming Tipping Point," The Globalist, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523
Moreover, we need to start reductions now in order
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of energy that do not burn fossil fuels and therefore do not pump CO2 into the atmosphere. Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD
Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, "CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA’S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS," CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis
Thus, atmospheric CO2 concentrations
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will be required to keep climate change within that limit. Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA
Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, "Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it," pg. 122
The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2.5-4.~C above
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extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes. Paterson 3 - Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island
Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics, SAGE
Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that is really the objective
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not seek to irrationally destroy the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility. Scorse 8 – Professor of International Studies
Jason, Assistant Professor @ Monterey Institute of International Studies @ Middlebury College, What Environmentalists Need to Know About Economics, Online Book
Even though the science now confirms that human activity is contributing
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we should revert back to the basic arguments for choosing the proper discount rate. Hansen et al 12
(James Hansen and Makiko Sato, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, and Reto Reudy, Sigma Space Partners, 2012, "Perceptions of Climate Change: The New Climate Dice" http://fractual.co.za/Documents/Hansen_20120105.pdf-http://fractual.co.za/Documents/Hansen_20120105.pdf)
Although extreme heat waves and record floods
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a scenario is needed if we are to preserve life as we know it. Ward 2010
(Peter, PhD, professor of Biology and Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington, paleontologist and NASA astrobiologist, Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, June 29, 2010,)
The rate at which carbon dioxide is increasing into the atmosphere is
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rate is about one-hundredth of the changes we are witnessing now. Romm 2009
(Joe, a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 "Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm ~%2388 on its list of 100 "people who are reinventing America." Time named him a "Hero of the Environment″ and "The Web’s most influential climate-change blogger." Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw %241 billion in R%26D, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT, "Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary ," http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/,)
Global warming is "capable of wrecking the marine ecosystem and depriving future generations of
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that life "" the time to start slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now. Stern 7 – Professor of Economics and Government
Nicholas Stern, Head of the British Government Economic Service, Former Head Economist for the World Bank, I.G. Patel Chair at the London School of Economics and Political Science, "The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review", The report of a team commissioned by the British Government to study the economics of climate change led by Siobhan Peters, Head of G8 and International Climate Change Policy Unit, Cambridge University Press, pg. 74-76
Climate change will increase worldwide deaths from malnutrition and heat
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Katrina continue to create health problems for its population, for example the so-called "Katrina cough". Romm 11
(Joe, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, "Desertification: The next dust bowl" Nature 478, 450–451) HDG
Which impact of anthropogenic global warming will harm the most people in the coming decades
AND
mitigation policies promptly, and put dust-bowlification atop the world agenda. Hansen et al 12
(James Hanson, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute. Pushker Kharecha, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute. Makiko Sato, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute. Frank Ackerman, Stockholm Environment Institute-US Center, Tufts University. Paul J. Hearty, Department of Environmental Studies, University of North Carolina at Wilmington. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Global Change Institute. Shi-Ling Hsu, Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia, Canada. Fred Krueger, National Religious Coalition on Creation Care. Camille Parmesan, Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin. Stefan Rahmstorf, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Johan Rockstrom, Stockholm Resilience Center. Eelco J. Rohling, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. Pete Smith, Columbia University Earth Institute. Konrad Steffan, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Lise Van Susteren, Advisory Board, Center for Health and Global Environment, Harvard Medical School. Karina von Schuckmann, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LOCEAN. James C. Zachos, Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Santa Cruz, Submitted February 2012 Scientific Case for Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change to Protect Young People and Nature" Proc Nat Acad Sci) HDG *note, article passed peer review
The prior interglacial period, the Eemian, was at most ~1°C
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from highly-populated low-lying areas, thus likely causing major international conflicts. Gordon 7
Ruth Gordon, Professor of Law at Villinova University, "The Climate of Environmental Justice: Taking Stock: Climate Change and the Poorest Nations: Further Reflections on Global Inequality". Colorado Law Review, Lexis
There is no longer any question that the earth’s climate is warming. We can, and
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vulnerable and technologically lacking low-income nations. Global warming disproportionately effects the worlds most vulnerable populations – continued emissions affect all functions critical to a healthy and sustainable lifeGoldman 11 – MD, Representative for the American Public Health Association
Lynn Goldman, MD, Representative for the American Public Health Association, 2-9-2011, "ENERGY AND TAX PREVENTION ACT OF 2011," CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis
Climate change is a public health issue and is one of the greatest threats to
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among our most vulnerable populations, children, the elderly and the poor. Burkett 8 – Professor of Law
Maxine Burkett, Associate Professor, University of Colorado Law School, 2008, "Just Solutions to Climate Change: A Climate Justice Proposal for a Domestic Clean Development Mechanism," 56 Buffalo L. Rev. 169, Lexis
The emerging field of "climate justice" is concerned with the intersection of race, poverty, and climate change. It takes, as a basic premise, that the disadvantaged in the ~*193~ United
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favor of distribution bending steeply in favor of the poor. -this is a defense of international focus
-this card says that lack of empathy is the most likely cause of continued emissions and willful ignorance of the impacts of our consumption decisions on others
Krznaric 10 – PhD in Sociology from Oxford
Roman, PhD in Sociology from Oxford, founding faculty member of The School of Life in London, where he teaches courses on Work and Politics, and is the resident expert on Empathy, Future Ethics, pg. 163-166
Climate change is as much a problem across space as it is one through time
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drought-struck farmers in Kenya can hear us chuckling in the sun. Empathy framing is a pre-requisite to justice and peace – ends the desire for exploitation and violenceRulka-Hathaway 1
Kathleen M., August AN ARGUMENT FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF MORAL DISCUSSION INTO THE FORUM OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPY, http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/39229/2001rulkahathk.pdf.txt;jsessionid=dcoz8y096e8y?sequence=2
When caring is fostered, empathy is born and there is a positive influence on the
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defined, that which makes social existence and justice possible. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Current hegemony sustainable—system maker-privilege taker status means we can control assets and conditions and means conditions that took down past hegemons don’t apply to the USBeckley 12— research fellow in the International Security Program at Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Michael, “China’s Century? Why America’s Edge Will Endure” International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Winter 2011/12), pp. 41–78 Hegemony is indeed expensive and provocative, but these declinist arguments tell only part of AND political process shaped by the United States in ways that serve its interests. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Banks, Brookings Institution Energy Security Initiative fellow, 11 (John, “Introduction: Planning a Responsible Nuclear Future” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/press/books/2011/10/businessandnonproliferation/businessandnonproliferation_chapter.pdf, 10/3/12, atl) Nuclear energy is a twentieth-century innovation but until recently has not spread beyond AND reprocessing. This is a major challenge for a regime already under stress. Nuclear power and weapons are inveitableBernstein and Gerami 12 (Paul Bernstein, Senior Research Fellow in the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (CSWMD) at the National Defense University, and Nina Gerami, Research Fellow in CSWMD, June 2012, “Proliferation Risks of Civilian Nuclear Power Programs” http://wmdcenter.dodlive.mil/files/2012/06/CSWMD-Proceedings-3-FINAL.pdf) The dual-use nature of the nuclear fuel cycle therefore poses an inherent proliferation AND to the IAEA Additional Protocol, which grants the agency expanded inspection rights. Isaac ‘2—Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington Jeffery C., Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest. As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. Shaw 02 Martin Shaw, Professor of International Relations and Politics, University of Sussex, “The Problem of the Quasi-Imperial State: Uses and Abuses of Anti-Imperialism in the Global Era,” April 7, 2002, http://www.martinshaw.org/empire.htm Post-1945 developments were outside the framework of traditional anti-imperialist thought. AND power and the quasi-imperial character of many non-Western states. Shaw 02 Martin Shaw, Professor of International Relations and Politics, University of Sussex, “The Problem of the Quasi-Imperial State: Uses and Abuses of Anti-Imperialism in the Global Era,” April 7, 2002, http://www.martinshaw.org/empire.htm Conclusion: The abuses of anti-imperialism It is worth asking how the politics AND subsuming all regional contradictions into the false synthesis of a new Western imperialism. Hardt and Negri 2k Michael Hardt, Literature Professor, Antonio Negri, former political science professor, U Paris, 2000 (EMPIRE, http://textz.gnutenberg.net/text.php?id=1034709069754andsearch=hardt+negri+empire) Many locate the ultimate authority that rules over the processes of globalization and the new AND No nation will be world leader in the way modern European nations were. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Spenser 12 (Jack, senior research fellow in Nuclear-Energy Policy at the Heritage Foundation, May 10, 2012, “Uncle Sam, Derelict Nuclear-Waste Disposer”, http:~/~/www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2012/05/org/research/commentary/2012/05/uncle-sam-derelict-nuclear-waste-disposer(%%)) HDG Solyndra was back in the news recently. The big story: It had left AND administration is slowly killing cheap, reliable and "green" nuclear energy. Spencer and Loris ‘07 Jack org/about/staff/jackspencer(%%) and Nick Loris | Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy and Nicolas Loris is a Research Assistant in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Nick Loris is an editorial intern pursuing his masters in George Mason University December 3, 2007, “Dispelling Myths About Nuclear Energy” http:~/~/www.heritage.org/research/energyandenvironment/cfm(%%), This myth relies on taking facts completely out of context. By exploiting public fears AND , and radiation exposure from living near a nuclear power plant is insignificant. Cummiskey ‘96 (David, Associate Philosophy Professor, Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, p. 129-131) It does, however, support the consequentialist interpretation. Since the moral demand to AND conclusion that the more persons with dignity who are saved, the better. Existence and choice come first. People should be able to choose their value to lifeKymlicka ‘3 (Will, professor of philosophy @ Queens University. Contemporary Political Thought: A Reader And Guide. Edited by Alan Finlayson, pp. 496-498) The defining feature of liberalism is that it ascribes certain fundamental freedoms to each individual AND judge what is valuable, and to learn about other ways of life. Barnett et al 7 Michael, Hunjoon Kim, Madalene O’Donnell, Laura Sitea, Global Governance, “Peacebuilding: What is in a Name?”, Questia Because there are multiple contributing causes of conflict, almost any international assistance effort that AND there are good bureaucratic reasons for claiming that they are an invaluable partner. Barlett 90 Katharine T, Professor of Law, Professor of Law, Duke University School of Law 103 Harv. L. Rev. 829 Despite the valuable insights offered by feminist standpoint epistemology, however, it does not AND the meaning speakers give to their own experiences onto the experiences of others. Rule ‘5 (James, Sociology Professor SUNY-Stony Brook, 'Above All, Do No Harm' The War in Iraq and Dissent, DISSENT, Summer, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/archives/2005/su05/rule.htm) Why does the left traditionally stand against aggressive wars? This question should hardly need AND doing the most to “support our men and women in the field.” Folk ‘78 Jerry Folk, Professor of Religious and Peace Studies at Bethany College. “Peace Education- Peace Studies Programs: Towards an Integrated Approach”. Peace and Change, v5, n1, Spring,p.59. The conflicting positions held by various researchers, educators, and activists in the peace AND building of creative peace among groups and individuals of the most divergent persuasions. Goldstein 1 Joshua Goldstein, Int’l Rel Prof @ American U, 2001, War and Gender, p. 412 First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working AND on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate. Elevating Human extinction to a real possibility encourages a new social ethic to solve conflicts and create meaning to life.Epstein and Zhao in ‘9 Richard J. Epstein and Y. Zhao, Laboratory of Computational Oncology,Department of Medicine,University of Hong Kong, Professorial Block,Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. “The Threat That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Human Extinction”. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, volume 52, number 1 (winter 2009):116–25. Project Muse. Final ends for all species are the same, but the journeys will be different AND now all too often dismiss as “human nature” (Tudge 1989). Lenz ‘90 Millicent Lenz, Assis. Prof Science and Policy @ SUNY, 1990, Nuclear Age Literature for Youth, p. 9-10 A summary of Frank’s thought in “Psychological Determinants of the Nuclear Arms Race” AND more certainly. The repressed fear, moreover, takes a psychic toll. Hanson 8 Victor Davis, senior fellow @ the Hoover Institution, January 14, pg. http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=M2VhN2VmNzYxN2Q2YjM0M2UyYmNlZGI0NzhkZTFiYjQ=andw=MQ== Despite the scare capitals, I doubt whether Israel and “the Jews” are AND Islam, there would very likely be outrage rather than the present silence. May ‘2 Collin May 12-18-2002 http://innocentsabroad.blogspot.com/2002_12_15_innocentsabroad_archive.html#90069170 Unfortunately for our scholarly friends, there is a problem with root causes. Root AND an immediate and simplistic explanation to impress the gullible and justify the foolish. Boulding ‘90 Kenneth E. Boulding, Prof UC Boulder Conflict: Readings in Management and Resolution, Ed: John Burton, 1990, pg. 40-41. Then, do we go from here? Can we see new horizons for peace AND , increases with every improvement in technology either of war or of peace. Miall et al. ‘99 Hugh Miall, Reader in Peace and Conflict Research and Director of the Richardson Institute for Peace Studies, Oliver Ramsbotham, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Peace Studies @ University of Bradford, Tom Woodhouse, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Peace Studies @ University of Bradford. Contemporary Conflict Resolution: The prevention, management and transformation of deadly conflicts. P. 222-223. 1999. We hope that this book has shown that the founders of the conflict resolution approach AND not underestimate the blessings that come with the prevention or ending of war. Kateb 92 Kateb, Professor of Politics at Princeton University, ‘92 (George, The Inner Ocean, pg. 141) But neither of these responses will do in the nuclear situation. To affirm existence AND nothingness. Things are better than nothing; anything is better than nothing. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States.Perry 12 – PhD, professor of economics and finance in the School of Management at the Flint campus of the University of Michigan
Mark, "U.S. Emerges As A Main Engine of Global Growth," http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2012/04/us-emerging-as-main-engine-of-global.html
"The U.S. once again may be emerging as a main engine
AND
current pickup in growth is clearly being led by the U.S." ====Decline causes nuclear war====
Harris and Burrows 9
Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
more focus on preemption rather than defense, potentially leading to escalating crises. Green and Schrage 9 – Senior Advisor and Japan Chair @ CSIS and Associate Professor @ Georgetown University AND CSIS School Chair in International Business and Former Senior Official with the US Trade Representative’s Office (Michael J. and Steven P., "It’s not just the economy," State Department and Ways %26 Means Committee, Asia Times, 3/26, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/asian_economy/kc26dk01.html
Facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, analysts at the World Bank
AND
demonstration effect of liberal norms we are urging China to embrace at home. Royal 10 — Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense
Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises?", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views. Even absent conflict, hundreds of millions die and no successful transitionBarnhizer 6 — David R. Barnhizer, Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, 2006 "Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 18 Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev. 595
The scale of social needs, including the need for expanded productive activity, has
AND
social justice while avoiding and mitigating the most destructive consequences of our behavior. Jagdfeld 8/6
Aaron Jagdfeld, is president and chief executive officer of Generac Power Systems in Waukesha, WI.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2012/08/06/india-style-blackout-could-strike-the-u-s/
More people in the United States were affected by power outages last year than at
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grid that no one is responsible for (or capable of) fixing. Montgomery 8-25
Jeff Montgomery, Dan D’Ambrosio and Michael Risinit Reporters for Gannett Newspapers
Storms, heat repeatedly test U.S. power grid http://www.lohud.com/article/20120826/NEWS05/308260032/Storms-heat-repeatedly-test-U-S-power-grid
Extreme weather is putting America’s power grid to the test, with a year-
AND
predicted a %24107 billion shortfall in national electric system investment by 2020. Intervening actors can’t solve – commerce would collapse and would take years to restore absent the planZabarenko 8-3
Deborah Zabarenko Reporter for Reuters¶ WASHINGTON | Fri Aug 3, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/04/us-solar-superstorm-idUSBRE8721K820120804
Power blackouts can cause chaos, as they did briefly in India when more than
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death toll could run into the millions in the worst-case scenario. Pennington 12
Tess Pennington is former Armed Forces Emergency Services Center specialist and is well versed in emergency and disaster management and response and the founder of Ready Nutrition, a preparedness website
http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/when-the-grid-goes-down-you-better-be-ready
It is a fact that our country is more reliant on electrical power today than
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Americans would be dead ~4~ from starvation, disease and violence.¶ Hecht 11
Laurence Hecht analyst for 21st Century Tech Solar Storm Threatening Power Grids – Yet no Action Taken to Implement Defences http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Solar-Storm-Threatening-Power-Grids-%E2%80%93-Yet-no-Action-Taken-to-Implement-Defences.html
According to a study by the Metatech Corporation, commissioned under Executive Order 13407 for
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chaos. Damage to infrastructure would cascade and create massive loss of life. This outweighs nuclear war
Huff 12
Ethan A. Huff, staff writer for Natural News, quoting David Chalk, PhD in Technology from University of the Fraser Valley, Hacking expert David Chalk says 100 percent certainty of catastrophic failure of smart energy grid within three years
http://www.naturalnews.com/035755_power_grid_failure_blackouts.html~~%23ixzz25hUgC5tu
(NaturalNews) For at least the past five years, the federal government has
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Internet, and effectively without any protection, is insanity at its finest." Latynina 2003
Yulia Latynina, journalist for Novaya Gazeta~World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 11) www.worldpress.org/Americas/1579.cfm ~
The scariest thing about the cascading power outages was not spoiled groceries in the fridge
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in power, and finally a cascading outage of the entire grid system. Independently, grid collapse leads to 71 nuclear meltdowns
Goldes 11
Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force
SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE
http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html
A map of the USA on the Aesop Institute website reflects a NASA study based
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This is a little publicized multi-trillion dollar, planet wide nightmare%21 AP 11
Associated Press 3-29-11 Nuclear power plants in U.S. vulnerable to power outages, study shows
http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html-http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
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things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami." Natural Resource Defense Council 11
What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here?
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/
A future severe nuclear accident at a U.S. nuclear power plant is
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potential for land contamination would still be high in a severe nuclear accident. Matsumura 12
Akio Matsumura is a renowned diplomat, he is Secretary General of the Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders on Human Survival with conferences held in Oxford, Moscow, Rio de Janeiro, Kyoto, and Konya¶ Fukushima Daiichi Site: Cesium-137 is 85 times greater than at Chernobyl Accident¶ http://akiomatsumura.com/2012/04/682.html
I asked top spent-fuel pools expert Mr. Robert Alvarez, former Senior
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debate over nuclear power plants. This is an issue of human survival. Wald 11
Matthew L. Wald is a reporter at The New York Times Risk From Spent Nuclear Reactor Fuel Is Greater in U.S. Than in Japan, Study Says http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/25/business/energy-environment/25nuke.html
The threat of a catastrophic release of radioactive materials from a spent fuel pool at
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in all four of the damaged Fukushima reactors combined, the report notes. Narrowly escaped catastrophe during SandyDaly 11/8
Dr. John C.K. Daly, Ph.D. from the
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-Devastation-For-Now.html AD 11/10/12
As the U.S. eastern seaboard begins the weary and expensive process of
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local citizens should a future "incident" there rise beyond level two. ====Sandy proves – grid disruptions have the potential to cause meltdowns====
Guarino 11/1
Douglas P., Global Security Newswire, "Critics: Sandy Showed Nuclear Plants’ Vulnerability to Weather, Sabotage," 11/1/12 www.nti.rsvp1.com/gsn/article/critics-sandy-showed-nuclear-plants-vulnerability-weather-sabotage/?mgh=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%26amp;mgf=1 AD 11/9/12
WASHINGTON – The danger Hurricane Sandy posed to nuclear power plants along the East Coast
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pool fire could create life-threatening contamination of hundreds of square miles." Wasserman 01
(Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, "America’s Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself", October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)
Without continous monitoring and guaranteed water flow, the thousands of tons of radioactive rods
AND
core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down. Goldes 11
Goldes Nov 23, 2011 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force ¶ "SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE" www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html AD 10/25/12
We face a severe potential emergency. External threats serve to unite. The world
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specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern. Boswell 12
Randy Boswell, Reporter for Postmedia News August 3, 2012
Clock ticking on next massive Pacific coast quake
http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html~~%23ixzz25nQXy0zf-http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html
Two separate geological studies released this week suggest the earthquake hazard in the transboundary region
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years. But we already have exceeded about three-fourths of them." Geological surveys prove a high likelihood of earthquakes – independently, hurricanes floods and tornadoesAFP 11
US not prepared for ’mega-disaster’: official March 17, 2011
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gJnlUXL4Rj-PlWj7hJOaWtU2B7fA?docId=CNG.d09217177032cbbc9a7b49e80f70edcb.2b1
The United States is not as prepared as it should be for a disaster on
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said, questioning whether United States can "handle a mega-disaster." Hazards 11
NMSZ¶ Expert¶ Panel¶ Report¶ to¶ NEPEC,¶ April¶ 16,¶ 2011
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/nepec/reports/NEPEC_NMSZ_expert_panel_report.pdf
On the occasion of the bicentennial of the 1811-1812 earthquakes, we have
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for damaging earthquakes that must be accounted for in urban planning and development. Olberholtzer %26 Stewart 11
William I. Oberholtzer formerly of the U.S. Army’s Combat Developments Experimentation Command; Research Institute for the Psychological and Behavioral Sciences;; and Chief of Armor Development, Army Research Laboratory.¶ Dr. Xavier Stewart is a retired Brigadier General (PA). He is currently Homeland Response Force Lead for J72 at the National Guard Bureau as a contractor for IIF Data Solutions, Inc and a subject matter expert in Homeland Security, WMD and CBRNE for the Corporation and NGB developing strategic papers, policies and educational developmental courseware The First 72 to 96 Hours Are Easy http://news.cbrnresourcenetwork.com/newsDetail.cfm?id=86-http://news.cbrnresourcenetwork.com/newsDetail.cfm?id=86
The majority of emergency responders are volunteers. Budgets are tight. Therefore, most
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, we have been able to contain outbreaks of H5N1 and H1N1 flu.¶ A major quake would cause long term grid collapse and render diesel backup generators uselessStockton 11
Paul N. Stockton is the assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs. Former director of the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Homeland Security Affairs is the online journal of the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Homeland Defense and Security http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11
The National Level Exercise 2011 (NLE 11) highlighted the need to strengthen our
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responsible for resupplying them could face a radical mismatch between supply and demand. The power grid is fragile and facing future collapseHeyes 8-15
J.D. Heyes is a writer for Natural News.com August 15, 2012
Overloaded US power grid stretched to capacity; Will America follow in India’s footsteps?
http://www.naturalnews.com/036808_power_grid_collapse_outages.html~~%23ixzz23glXL83u-http://www.naturalnews.com/036808_power_grid_collapse_outages.html
Could the U.S. really suffer the kinds of widespread power outages that
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about %24107 billion would be needed by 2020, the ASCE said. Nicol 11
David M. Nicol is Professor of Computer and Electrical Engineering at the University of Illinois
Hacking the Lights Out: Computer viruses have taken out hardened industrial control systems. The electrical power grid may be next Scientific American http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~~robins/Hacking_the_Lights_Out.pdf-http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Hacking_the_Lights_Out.pdf
A year ago I took part in a test exercise that centered on a fictitious
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percent of the grid. Losing 8 percent would trigger a nationwide blackout. Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown that photovotaics can be used effectively to supply electrical power during emergencies
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and experience they need to accept PV in their operations under these circumstances? Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ The second part of the value equation is found
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be prolonged. Mobile solar power can provide the security and the solutions. Young 03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center¶ Disasters and Energy Security Management¶ http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-PF-372-03.pdf
Listed above are various general applications that are presently available as PV-powered.
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-alone electrical power applications due to lower operating cost than gasoline generators. DOE 99
Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf
When disaster strikes, electric power¶ is usually the first critically¶ important service
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weather is extremely cloudy or stormy¶ for more than a few days. Anderson ’12
Bob, Public Affairs Officer for the Memphis District, "The Corps responds to Hurricane Isaac, assists Mississippi and Louisiana," 8/29/12 USACE Mississippi Valley Division, www.mvk.usace.army.mil/index.php?pID=8%26aID=440, AD 10/25/12
"Teams from our six districts and other districts within the United States are trained
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and damage assessment, and clearance, removal, and disposal of debris. *The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disasterCorps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to ensuring that its emergency¶ management teams are well prepared
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. These vehicles contain¶ cuttingedge¶ communications systems and computer¶ systems.
|
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: We meet and Counterinterp -Webb ’93
Kernaghan, lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa "Thumbs, Fingers, and Pushing on String: Legal Accountability in the Use of Federal Financial Incentives", 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501 (1993) Hein Online
In this paper, "financial incentives" are taken to mean disbursements of public
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In effect, these programs are assistance, but they are not incentives. Gielecki et al ’01
Mark, Fred Mayes, Lawrence Prete, "Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy", Energy Information Administration (official energy statistics from the US government), Feburary 2001, http://www.eia.doe.g...ues/incent.html
Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
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good or service over what it otherwise would have been without the incentive. Gielecki et al ’01
Mark, Fred Mayes, Lawrence Prete, "Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy", Energy Information Administration (official energy statistics from the US government), Feburary 2001, http://www.eia.doe.g...ues/incent.html
Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
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good or service over what it otherwise would have been without the incentive. Fitzpatrick ’85
ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR CONSERVATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (Donna, HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY CONSERVATION AND POWER OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, "RENEWABLE ENERGY INCENTIVES," 6/20, Congressional Universe (full pdf download))
In addition, various Federal incentives for energy conservation and renewable energy have played a
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and technical and institutional support to government agencies, utilities and professional societies. Government procurement programs are financial incentives
Bezdek 77
Roger Bezdek, Ph.D., Division of Solar Energy 77¶ Interim Policy Optionsfor Commercialization of SolarHeating and Cooling Systemshttp://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED158384.pdf
Economic and Financial Incentives Policy Options 4Discussion 1.Loan Guarantees 2.Tax Incentives 3.Government Procurement Programs 4.Federal Reimbursement for State and Local Property and Sales Taxes 5.Low Interest Loans and Interest Subsidies 6.Direct Subsidies Bezdek 77
Roger Bezdek, Ph.D., Division of Solar Energy 77¶ Interim Policy Optionsfor Commercialization of SolarHeating and Cooling Systems¶ http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED158384.pdf-http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED158384.pdf.
Listing of Economic Incentives¶ Type of Incentive¶ J 4-.)¶ 1.¶ Direct
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Tax-free bonds¶ X¶ 13.¶ Government incentives for utilities¶ Bjornstad et al ’97
David, The Joint Institute for Energy and Environment "Risk Reduction and the Privatization Option: First Principles," 9/22/97 http://isse.utk.edu/pdf/jieepubs/privatfull.pdf AD 9/19/12 *EM = Office of Environmental Management at DoE
II.3 Incentives¶ The term incentives also is given meaning through common usage
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bids. Given comparable¶ vehicles, the buyer chooses the lowest bid. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Department of Energy 80
An Analysis ofFederal Incentives Used¶ to¶ Stimulate Energy Production¶ February 1980 Prepared for the¶ U.S.¶ Department of Energy under Contract EY-76-C-06-1830Pacific Northwest Laboratory Operated for the¶ U.S.¶ Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute http://www.scribd.com/doc/67538352/Federal-Incentives-for-Energy-Production-1980
Energy production is defined as the transformation of natural resources into commonly used forms of
AND
technology and resources to change a natural resource into a useful energy form. Universal Design Consortium 10
http://www.udcinc.org/Zero%20Energy%20Home.html-http://www.udcinc.org/Zero Energy Home.html
Energy Production is defined as the strategies and/or renewable energy producing source that can be used to generate electrical current for the building. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Kornwitz 11-2
Jason, "Taking lessons from Hurricane Sandy," http://phys.org/news/2012-11-lessons-hurricane-sandy.html
We will never likely reach a point where major natural disas
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Sandy—but those outages would last several months. BIESI 11
Brookings Institution Energy Security Initiative, The Hoover Institution Shultz-Stevenson Task Force on Energy Policy, "Assessing the Role of Distributed Power Systems in the U.S. Power Sector", October, http://esci-ksp.org/?event=the-role-of-distributed-power-systems-in-the-u-s-electricity-sector AD 10/4/12
Although not a specific technology in itself, the¶ notion of the microgrid is
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of distributed generation deployment,¶ reserve margin maintenance can be a¶ problem. Turner ’12
Analytic Services Distinguished Analyst Dr. Ron Turner, Ph.D., an ANSER Fellow in the Science %26 Technology Mission Area,"Member" with International Academy of Astronautics, perience encompasses NASA’s Innovative Advanced Concepts Program (NIAC), various components of the Department of Defense, and several National Research Council studies , "National Response to a Severe Space Weather Event," 3/20/12 Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications, www.agu.org.www2.lib.ku.edu:2048/journals/sw/swa/feature/article/?id=2011SW000756 AD 10/24/12
The terrorist attack of September 2001, Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and the Deepwater
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) in 1988, and creation of the Federal Response Plan in 1992. Kiely 12
EUGENE KIELY-http://www.factcheck.org/author/eugene-kiely/, Washington assignment editor USA today, February 17, 2012 Factcheck.org "Did Obama ’Approve’ Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?" http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/
Who’s to blame, if that’s the right word, if the project ends up
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spending taxpayer money on Chinese firms to build U.S. bridges. Schrader and Morton 5/17/12 – President of DRS International, LLC, and former deputy administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Preparedness Directorate; Strategic Advisor for DomPrep and Homeland Security Team Lead for the Project on National Security Reform (Dennis R. and John F., "Enterprising Solutions: Buying/Building New State %26 Local Preparedness Capabilities" Domestic Preparedness, http://www.domesticpreparedness.com/Infrastructure/CIP-R/Enterprising_Solutions%3A_Buying-%21Building_New_State_%26_Local_Preparedness_Capabilities/)
Operational leaders in state/local governments and the private sector have struggled to keep
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of the new U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States.Perry 12 – PhD, professor of economics and finance in the School of Management at the Flint campus of the University of Michigan
Mark, "U.S. Emerges As A Main Engine of Global Growth," http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2012/04/us-emerging-as-main-engine-of-global.html
"The U.S. once again may be emerging as a main engine
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current pickup in growth is clearly being led by the U.S." ====Decline causes nuclear war====
Harris and Burrows 9
Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
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more focus on preemption rather than defense, potentially leading to escalating crises. Green and Schrage 9 – Senior Advisor and Japan Chair @ CSIS and Associate Professor @ Georgetown University AND CSIS School Chair in International Business and Former Senior Official with the US Trade Representative’s Office (Michael J. and Steven P., "It’s not just the economy," State Department and Ways %26 Means Committee, Asia Times, 3/26, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/asian_economy/kc26dk01.html
Facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, analysts at the World Bank
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demonstration effect of liberal norms we are urging China to embrace at home. Royal 10 — Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense
Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises?", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views. *Even absent conflict, hundreds of millions die and no successful transitionBarnhizer, 6
David, Prof of Law, Cleveland State U, ’Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream",’ Geo Int’l Envtl L Rev, pg. l/n
The scale of social needs, including the need for expanded productive activity, has
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then it will only be a respite before the pattern once again intensifies. Montgomery 8-25
Jeff Montgomery, Dan D’Ambrosio and Michael Risinit Reporters for Gannett Newspapers
Storms, heat repeatedly test U.S. power grid http://www.lohud.com/article/20120826/NEWS05/308260032/Storms-heat-repeatedly-test-U-S-power-grid
Extreme weather is putting America’s power grid to the test, with a year-
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predicted a %24107 billion shortfall in national electric system investment by 2020. Intervening actors can’t solve – commerce would collapse and would take years to restore absent the planZabarenko 8-3
Deborah Zabarenko Reporter for Reuters¶ WASHINGTON | Fri Aug 3, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/04/us-solar-superstorm-idUSBRE8721K820120804
Power blackouts can cause chaos, as they did briefly in India when more than
AND
death toll could run into the millions in the worst-case scenario. Pennington 12
Tess Pennington is former Armed Forces Emergency Services Center specialist and is well versed in emergency and disaster management and response and the founder of Ready Nutrition, a preparedness website
http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/when-the-grid-goes-down-you-better-be-ready
It is a fact that our country is more reliant on electrical power today than
AND
Americans would be dead ~4~ from starvation, disease and violence.¶ Hecht 11
Laurence Hecht analyst for 21st Century Tech Solar Storm Threatening Power Grids – Yet no Action Taken to Implement Defences http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Solar-Storm-Threatening-Power-Grids-%E2%80%93-Yet-no-Action-Taken-to-Implement-Defences.html
According to a study by the Metatech Corporation, commissioned under Executive Order 13407 for
AND
chaos. Damage to infrastructure would cascade and create massive loss of life. This outweighs nuclear war
Huff 12
Ethan A. Huff, staff writer for Natural News, quoting David Chalk, PhD in Technology from University of the Fraser Valley, Hacking expert David Chalk says 100 percent certainty of catastrophic failure of smart energy grid within three years
http://www.naturalnews.com/035755_power_grid_failure_blackouts.html~~%23ixzz25hUgC5tu
(NaturalNews) For at least the past five years, the federal government has
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Internet, and effectively without any protection, is insanity at its finest." Power outages in a hurricane risk disease epidemics—we have been lucky with Sandy because of the colder weatherValhouli 11/7/12
Constantine Valhouli Reporter for the New York Observor http://observer.com/2012/11/youre-soaking-in-it-sandy-leaves-toxic-trouble/-http://observer.com/2012/11/youre-soaking-in-it-sandy-leaves-toxic-trouble/
Here’s the thing about hurricanes: even after the immediate risks subside and the floodwaters
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Jersey, so there is less risk of a West Nile virus breakout." Young 03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center¶ Disasters and Energy Security Management¶ http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-PF-372-03.pdf
Photovoltaics can provide the electrical power needs for vaccine refrigerators, microscopes, lighting,
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has also been used by people remaining with their homes without utility power. Pandemics cause extinctionYu ’09
— Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science (Victoria, Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate, 22 May 2009, http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate)
A pandemic will kill off all humans.¶ In the past, humans have indeed
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could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10). Independently, grid collapse leads to 71 nuclear meltdowns
Goldes 11
Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force
SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE
http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html
A map of the USA on the Aesop Institute website reflects a NASA study based
AND
This is a little publicized multi-trillion dollar, planet wide nightmare%21 AP 11
Associated Press 3-29-11 Nuclear power plants in U.S. vulnerable to power outages, study shows
http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html-http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
AND
things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami." Natural Resource Defense Council 11
What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here?
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/
A future severe nuclear accident at a U.S. nuclear power plant is
AND
potential for land contamination would still be high in a severe nuclear accident. Matsumura 12
Akio Matsumura is a renowned diplomat, he is Secretary General of the Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders on Human Survival with conferences held in Oxford, Moscow, Rio de Janeiro, Kyoto, and Konya¶ Fukushima Daiichi Site: Cesium-137 is 85 times greater than at Chernobyl Accident¶ http://akiomatsumura.com/2012/04/682.html
I asked top spent-fuel pools expert Mr. Robert Alvarez, former Senior
AND
debate over nuclear power plants. This is an issue of human survival. Wald 11
Matthew L. Wald is a reporter at The New York Times Risk From Spent Nuclear Reactor Fuel Is Greater in U.S. Than in Japan, Study Says http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/25/business/energy-environment/25nuke.html
The threat of a catastrophic release of radioactive materials from a spent fuel pool at
AND
in all four of the damaged Fukushima reactors combined, the report notes. Narrowly escaped catastrophe during SandyDaly 11/8
Dr. John C.K. Daly, Ph.D. from the
AND
-Devastation-For-Now.html AD 11/10/12
As the U.S. eastern seaboard begins the weary and expensive process of
AND
local citizens should a future "incident" there rise beyond level two. ====Sandy proves – grid disruptions have the potential to cause meltdowns====
Guarino 11/1
Douglas P., Global Security Newswire, "Critics: Sandy Showed Nuclear Plants’ Vulnerability to Weather, Sabotage," 11/1/12 www.nti.rsvp1.com/gsn/article/critics-sandy-showed-nuclear-plants-vulnerability-weather-sabotage/?mgh=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%26amp;mgf=1 AD 11/9/12
WASHINGTON – The danger Hurricane Sandy posed to nuclear power plants along the East Coast
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pool fire could create life-threatening contamination of hundreds of square miles." Wasserman 01
(Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, "America’s Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself", October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)
Without continous monitoring and guaranteed water flow, the thousands of tons of radioactive rods
AND
core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down. Goldes 11
Goldes Nov 23, 2011 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force ¶ "SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE" www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html AD 10/25/12
We face a severe potential emergency. External threats serve to unite. The world
AND
specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern. Boswell 12
Randy Boswell, Reporter for Postmedia News August 3, 2012
Clock ticking on next massive Pacific coast quake
http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html~~%23ixzz25nQXy0zf-http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html
Two separate geological studies released this week suggest the earthquake hazard in the transboundary region
AND
years. But we already have exceeded about three-fourths of them." Geological surveys prove a high likelihood of earthquakes – independently, hurricanes floods and tornadoesAFP 11
US not prepared for ’mega-disaster’: official March 17, 2011
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gJnlUXL4Rj-PlWj7hJOaWtU2B7fA?docId=CNG.d09217177032cbbc9a7b49e80f70edcb.2b1
The United States is not as prepared as it should be for a disaster on
AND
said, questioning whether United States can "handle a mega-disaster." Hazards 11
NMSZ¶ Expert¶ Panel¶ Report¶ to¶ NEPEC,¶ April¶ 16,¶ 2011
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/nepec/reports/NEPEC_NMSZ_expert_panel_report.pdf
On the occasion of the bicentennial of the 1811-1812 earthquakes, we have
AND
for damaging earthquakes that must be accounted for in urban planning and development. Olberholtzer %26 Stewart 11
William I. Oberholtzer formerly of the U.S. Army’s Combat Developments Experimentation Command; Research Institute for the Psychological and Behavioral Sciences;; and Chief of Armor Development, Army Research Laboratory.¶ Dr. Xavier Stewart is a retired Brigadier General (PA). He is currently Homeland Response Force Lead for J72 at the National Guard Bureau as a contractor for IIF Data Solutions, Inc and a subject matter expert in Homeland Security, WMD and CBRNE for the Corporation and NGB developing strategic papers, policies and educational developmental courseware The First 72 to 96 Hours Are Easy http://news.cbrnresourcenetwork.com/newsDetail.cfm?id=86-http://news.cbrnresourcenetwork.com/newsDetail.cfm?id=86
The majority of emergency responders are volunteers. Budgets are tight. Therefore, most
AND
, we have been able to contain outbreaks of H5N1 and H1N1 flu.¶ A major quake would cause long term grid collapse and render diesel backup generators uselessStockton 11
Paul N. Stockton is the assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs. Former director of the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Homeland Security Affairs is the online journal of the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Homeland Defense and Security http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11
The National Level Exercise 2011 (NLE 11) highlighted the need to strengthen our
AND
responsible for resupplying them could face a radical mismatch between supply and demand. The power grid is fragile and facing future collapseHeyes 8-15
J.D. Heyes is a writer for Natural News.com August 15, 2012
Overloaded US power grid stretched to capacity; Will America follow in India’s footsteps?
http://www.naturalnews.com/036808_power_grid_collapse_outages.html~~%23ixzz23glXL83u-http://www.naturalnews.com/036808_power_grid_collapse_outages.html
Could the U.S. really suffer the kinds of widespread power outages that
AND
about %24107 billion would be needed by 2020, the ASCE said. Nicol 11
David M. Nicol is Professor of Computer and Electrical Engineering at the University of Illinois
Hacking the Lights Out: Computer viruses have taken out hardened industrial control systems. The electrical power grid may be next Scientific American http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~~robins/Hacking_the_Lights_Out.pdf-http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Hacking_the_Lights_Out.pdf
A year ago I took part in a test exercise that centered on a fictitious
AND
percent of the grid. Losing 8 percent would trigger a nationwide blackout. Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown that photovotaics can be used effectively to supply electrical power during emergencies
AND
and experience they need to accept PV in their operations under these circumstances? Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ The second part of the value equation is found in the perennial need for emergency and restored power that cities and states which are in the path of regular hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes and ice storms cannot depend on today. Mobile solar power provides a plethora of solutions to a series of intractable problems that face millions of people in the U.S. every year.¶ When a major natural
disaster strikes, there is inevitably major and protracted damage to the power grid
AND
be prolonged. Mobile solar power can provide the security and the solutions. Young 03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center¶ Disasters and Energy Security Management¶ http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-PF-372-03.pdf
Listed above are various general applications that are presently available as PV-powered.
AND
-alone electrical power applications due to lower operating cost than gasoline generators. DOE 99
Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf
When disaster strikes, electric power¶ is usually the first critically¶ important service
AND
weather is extremely cloudy or stormy¶ for more than a few days. Anderson ’12
Bob, Public Affairs Officer for the Memphis District, "The Corps responds to Hurricane Isaac, assists Mississippi and Louisiana," 8/29/12 USACE Mississippi Valley Division, www.mvk.usace.army.mil/index.php?pID=8%26aID=440, AD 10/25/12
"Teams from our six districts and other districts within the United States are trained
AND
and damage assessment, and clearance, removal, and disposal of debris. *The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disasterCorps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to ensuring that its emergency¶ management teams are well prepared
AND
. These vehicles contain¶ cuttingedge¶ communications systems and computer¶ systems.
|
| 01/08/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States.NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
AND
?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM¶ The U.S. power delivery system is
AND
a wide area, as happened in the Northeast¶ blackout of 2003.
Recent years have witnessed dramatic organizational¶ changes in the U.S. electric
AND
are decades old¶ and lack improved technology that could help limit outages. AFP 11
US not prepared for ’mega-disaster’: official March 17, 2011
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gJnlUXL4Rj-PlWj7hJOaWtU2B7fA?docId=CNG.d09217177032cbbc9a7b49e80f70edcb.2b1
The United States is not as prepared as it should be for a disaster on
AND
said, questioning whether United States can "handle a mega-disaster." Boswell 12
Randy Boswell, Reporter for Postmedia News August 3, 2012
Clock ticking on next massive Pacific coast quake
http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html~~%23ixzz25nQXy0zf-http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html
Two separate geological studies released this week suggest the earthquake hazard in the transboundary region
AND
years. But we already have exceeded about three-fourths of them." And a consensus of experts agreeHazards 11
NMSZ¶ Expert¶ Panel¶ Report¶ to¶ NEPEC,¶ April¶ 16,¶ 2011
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/nepec/reports/NEPEC_NMSZ_expert_panel_report.pdf
On the occasion of the bicentennial of the 1811-1812 earthquakes, we have
AND
for damaging earthquakes that must be accounted for in urban planning and development. A major quake would cause long term grid collapse and render diesel backup generators uselessStockton 11
Paul N. Stockton is the assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs. Former director of the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Homeland Security Affairs is the online journal of the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Homeland Defense and Security http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11
The National Level Exercise 2011 (NLE 11) highlighted the need to strengthen our
AND
responsible for resupplying them could face a radical mismatch between supply and demand. NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
AND
?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
The electric power delivery system that carries electricity¶ from large central generators to customers
AND
and welfare, depend on electricity, the results¶ could be devastating. And cyberattacks take out the gridNAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
AND
?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
The operation of a modern electric power system depends¶ on complex systems of sensors
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of vigilance including¶ careful attention to personnel training and operational¶ procedures. NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
AND
?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
Osama bin Laden has stated that the objective of the al-Qaeda Islamic terrorist
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voluntary or coerced. The insider issue is discussed¶ in Chapter 5. Pennington 12
Tess Pennington is former Armed Forces Emergency Services Center specialist and is well versed in emergency and disaster management and response and the founder of Ready Nutrition, a preparedness website
http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/when-the-grid-goes-down-you-better-be-ready
It is a fact that our country is more reliant on electrical power today than
AND
Americans would be dead ~4~ from starvation, disease and violence.¶ NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
AND
?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
Replacement of damaged equipment following a multisite¶ coordinated attack on major components could take
AND
and the need for a critical parts inventory, particularly power¶ transformers. Independently, grid collapse leads to 71 nuclear meltdowns
Goldes 11
Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force
SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE
http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html
A map of the USA on the Aesop Institute website reflects a NASA study based
AND
This is a little publicized multi-trillion dollar, planet wide nightmare%21 AP 11
Associated Press 3-29-11 Nuclear power plants in U.S. vulnerable to power outages, study shows
http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html-http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
AND
things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami." Natural Resource Defense Council 11
What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here?
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/
A future severe nuclear accident at a U.S. nuclear power plant is
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potential for land contamination would still be high in a severe nuclear accident. Wald 11
Matthew L. Wald is a reporter at The New York Times Risk From Spent Nuclear Reactor Fuel Is Greater in U.S. Than in Japan, Study Says http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/25/business/energy-environment/25nuke.html
The threat of a catastrophic release of radioactive materials from a spent fuel pool at
AND
in all four of the damaged Fukushima reactors combined, the report notes. Sandy proves – grid disruptions have the potential to cause meltdownsGuarino 11/1
Douglas P., Global Security Newswire, "Critics: Sandy Showed Nuclear Plants’ Vulnerability to Weather, Sabotage," 11/1/12 www.nti.rsvp1.com/gsn/article/critics-sandy-showed-nuclear-plants-vulnerability-weather-sabotage/?mgh=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%26amp;mgf=1 AD 11/9/12
WASHINGTON – The danger Hurricane Sandy posed to nuclear power plants along the East Coast
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pool fire could create life-threatening contamination of hundreds of square miles." Wasserman 01
(Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, "America’s Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself", October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)
Without continous monitoring and guaranteed water flow, the thousands of tons of radioactive rods
AND
core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down. Goldes 11
Goldes Nov 23, 2011 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force ¶ "SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE" www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html AD 10/25/12
We face a severe potential emergency. External threats serve to unite. The world
AND
specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern. Latynina ’03
Yulia Latynina, journalist for Novaya Gazeta~World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 11) www.worldpress.org/Americas/1579.cfm ~
The scariest thing about the cascading power outages was not spoiled groceries in the fridge
AND
regardless of whether someone sets¶ off the detonator intentionally or by accident. Wright 9 – GAO Staff
Ann, "High-Containment Laboratories: National Strategy for Oversight Is Needed," GAO, Google Book
For most of the past 50 years, there were only two entities with BSL
AND
, there are seven operational BSL-4 laboratories in the United States. —we were lucky last time because no work was going on with deadly germs
AJC 8
"CDC: Offline generators caused germ lab outage," http://blacklistednews.com/?news_id=651
The backup power failure — the second in 13 months — is the type predicted
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hasn’t worked properly since it was installed 4 years ago," he wrote. Lab escape produces worst pandemic in historyBegley 12
Sharon, et al, "How secure are labs handling world’s deadliest pathogens?," Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/16/us-health-biosecurity-idUSTRE81E0R420120216
Last year, labs at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Erasmus MC
AND
, at a symposium at the New York Academy of Sciences this month. This particular pandemic would be unstoppableKlotz 12 - former Harvard University faculty member and biotechnology executive, Senior Science Fellow at the Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation and a long-time member of the Scientists’ Working Group on Chemical and Biological Weapons.
Lynn with Edward Slyvester, "The unacceptable risks of a man-made pandemic," BAS, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-unacceptable-risks-of-man-made-pandemic
.¶ What is the likelihood that the virus’s escape could lead to a pandemic?
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1918 flu, but with a fatality potential that is four times greater. Duggleby 12 – Actuary, member of the Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors
Chris, "The next pandemic: Will it be created by man? The debate about research using killer viruses like Avian Flu (H5N1) and Ebola," http://chrisduggleby.com/news-from-the-alpine-press/the-next-pandemic-will-it-be-created-by-man-the-debate-about-research-using-killer-viruses-like-avian-flu-h5n1-and-ebola/
In this article I would like to discuss the next pandemic or global epidemic.
AND
and Robert May, Professor in the Department of Zoology, Oxford University). Wilson 12 - Professional Associate at the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and J.D. from Lewis %26 Clark Law School
Grant, "Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies through International Law," Accepted @ Virginia Environmental Law Journal
An accidental release of a bioengineered microorganism during legitimate research poses a GCR/ER
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potentially catastrophic consequences, thus establishing a GCR/ER ~existential risk~. No risk of great power wars- economics, democracy, and nuclear weapons all make it impossibleDeudney and Ikenberry 9—Pols professor @ John Hopkins and International Affairs professor @Princeton
(Daniel and John, Foreign Affairs, January/February)
This bleak outlook is based on an exaggeration of recent developments and ignores powerful countervailing
AND
international system is far more primed for peace than the autocratic revivalists acknowledge. Ikenberry ’11 – Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton
G. John Ikenberry, the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University. "A World of Our Making". Democracy A Journal of Ideas. Issue ~%2321, Summer 2011. http://www.democracyjournal.org/21/a-world-of-our-making-1.php?page=1
A second feature of this order is the coalition-based character of its leadership
AND
will lead China deeper into the existing order rather than away from it. Ikenberry ’11 – Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton
G. John Ikenberry, the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University. "A World of Our Making". Democracy A Journal of Ideas. Issue ~%2321, Summer 2011. http://www.democracyjournal.org/21/a-world-of-our-making-1.php?page=1
Fourth, all the great powers have alignments of interests that will continue to bring
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politics, there are deep forces that keep the system anchored and stable. Fettweis, 6—political science professor @ Tulane
Christopher, National Security Decision Making Department, US Naval War College, ’A Revolution in International Relation Theory: Or, What If Mueller Is Right?,’ International Studies Review, 8 (4), 677-697, pg. blackwell
Unlike some of the other subfields threatened by great power peace, geopolitics probably cannot
AND
from geopolitics, even if those in a zone of turmoil still might. Your args are wrong – they romanticize the past and ignore empirical evidenceFettweis, 6—political science professor @ Tulane
Christopher, National Security Decision Making Department, US Naval War College, ’A Revolution in International Relation Theory: Or, What If Mueller Is Right?,’ International Studies Review, 8 (4), 677-697, pg. blackwell
Mueller (1995:14) described the tendency of people to romanticize the past
AND
first time in history, it is possible to believe they never will. Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown that photovotaics can be used effectively to supply electrical power during emergencies
AND
and experience they need to accept PV in their operations under these circumstances? Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ The second part of the value equation is found in the perennial need for emergency and restored power that cities and states which are in the path of regular hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes and ice storms cannot depend on today. Mobile solar power provides a plethora of solutions to a series of intractable problems that face millions of people in the U.S. every year.¶ When a major natural
disaster strikes, there is inevitably major and protracted damage to the power grid
AND
be prolonged. Mobile solar power can provide the security and the solutions. Young 03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center¶ Disasters and Energy Security Management¶ http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-PF-372-03.pdf
Listed above are various general applications that are presently available as PV-powered.
AND
-alone electrical power applications due to lower operating cost than gasoline generators. *The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disasterCorps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to ensuring that its emergency¶ management teams are well prepared
AND
. These vehicles contain¶ cuttingedge¶ communications systems and computer¶ systems.
DOE 99
Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf
When disaster strikes, electric power¶ is usually the first critically¶ important service
AND
weather is extremely cloudy or stormy¶ for more than a few days. Anderson ’12
Bob, Public Affairs Officer for the Memphis District, "The Corps responds to Hurricane Isaac, assists Mississippi and Louisiana," 8/29/12 USACE Mississippi Valley Division, www.mvk.usace.army.mil/index.php?pID=8%26aID=440, AD 10/25/12
"Teams from our six districts and other districts within the United States are trained
AND
and damage assessment, and clearance, removal, and disposal of debris. |
| 01/08/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States.NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
AND
?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM¶ The U.S. power delivery system is
AND
a wide area, as happened in the Northeast¶ blackout of 2003.
Recent years have witnessed dramatic organizational¶ changes in the U.S. electric
AND
are decades old¶ and lack improved technology that could help limit outages. AFP 11
US not prepared for ’mega-disaster’: official March 17, 2011
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gJnlUXL4Rj-PlWj7hJOaWtU2B7fA?docId=CNG.d09217177032cbbc9a7b49e80f70edcb.2b1
The United States is not as prepared as it should be for a disaster on
AND
said, questioning whether United States can "handle a mega-disaster." Boswell 12
Randy Boswell, Reporter for Postmedia News August 3, 2012
Clock ticking on next massive Pacific coast quake
http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html~~%23ixzz25nQXy0zf-http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html
Two separate geological studies released this week suggest the earthquake hazard in the transboundary region
AND
years. But we already have exceeded about three-fourths of them." And a consensus of experts agreeHazards 11
NMSZ¶ Expert¶ Panel¶ Report¶ to¶ NEPEC,¶ April¶ 16,¶ 2011
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/nepec/reports/NEPEC_NMSZ_expert_panel_report.pdf
On the occasion of the bicentennial of the 1811-1812 earthquakes, we have
AND
for damaging earthquakes that must be accounted for in urban planning and development. A major quake would cause long term grid collapse and render diesel backup generators uselessStockton 11
Paul N. Stockton is the assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs. Former director of the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Homeland Security Affairs is the online journal of the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Homeland Defense and Security http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11
The National Level Exercise 2011 (NLE 11) highlighted the need to strengthen our
AND
responsible for resupplying them could face a radical mismatch between supply and demand. Padmanabhan et al 10/23
VT Padmanabhan, researcher in health effects of radiation, epidemiological investigations in Kerala,
AND
.countercurrents.org/padmanabhan231012.htm AD 10/26/12
In October 2010, in a series of technical reports sponsored by DOE and DHS
AND
during the cycle, but there is higher risk during the solar peak. Thompson 12/19
Loren, national security contributor. Intelligence Community Warns Solar Storms Could Collapse Electric Grid. 12/19/12. http://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2012/12/19/intelligence-community-warns-solar-storms-could-collapse-electric-grid/.
Solar storms are a natural byproduct of the physical forces at work in the sun
AND
offline for months by a threat that many Americans don’t even know exists. INSS ’11
Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, October 4-5, 2011 "Tabletop Exercise: Secure Grid ’11" coordinated by Dr. Dr. Richard B. Andres
Energy Security Chair, Institute for National Strategic Studies
Professor of National Security Strategy, National War College
Modern storms can cause much more damage and disruption than earlier events because¶ infrastructures
AND
antennas for coupling GIC into the grid and potentially damaging EHV¶ transformers. Perry 12 – PhD, professor of economics and finance in the School of Management at the Flint campus of the University of Michigan
Mark, "U.S. Emerges As A Main Engine of Global Growth," http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2012/04/us-emerging-as-main-engine-of-global.html
"The U.S. once again may be emerging as a main engine
AND
current pickup in growth is clearly being led by the U.S." Economic decline causes diversionary and rally around the flag wars—all have the potential to escalateRoyal 10 — Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense
Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises?", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views. *Even absent conflict, hundreds of millions die and no successful transitionBarnhizer, 6
David, Prof of Law, Cleveland State U, ’Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream",’ Geo Int’l Envtl L Rev, pg. l/n
The scale of social needs, including the need for expanded productive activity, has
AND
then it will only be a respite before the pattern once again intensifies. Hecht 11
Laurence Hecht analyst for 21st Century Tech Solar Storm Threatening Power Grids – Yet no Action Taken to Implement Defences http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Solar-Storm-Threatening-Power-Grids-%E2%80%93-Yet-no-Action-Taken-to-Implement-Defences.html
According to a study by the Metatech Corporation, commissioned under Executive Order 13407 for
AND
chaos. Damage to infrastructure would cascade and create massive loss of life. —-day-to-day interactions guided by tech and innovations—-consume a wreck of electricity
—-one-second outage costs industrial/digital firms %241400
—-AT utilities CP – regulated by 3200 agencies
Jagdfeld 8/6
Aaron Jagdfeld, is president and chief executive officer of Generac Power Systems in Waukesha, WI.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2012/08/06/india-style-blackout-could-strike-the-u-s/
More people in the United States were affected by power outages last year than at
AND
grid that no one is responsible for (or capable of) fixing. Montgomery 8-25
Jeff Montgomery, Dan D’Ambrosio and Michael Risinit Reporters for Gannett Newspapers
Storms, heat repeatedly test U.S. power grid http://www.lohud.com/article/20120826/NEWS05/308260032/Storms-heat-repeatedly-test-U-S-power-grid
Extreme weather is putting America’s power grid to the test, with a year-
AND
predicted a %24107 billion shortfall in national electric system investment by 2020. Intervening actors can’t solve – commerce would collapse and would take years to restore absent the planZabarenko 8-3
Deborah Zabarenko Reporter for Reuters¶ WASHINGTON | Fri Aug 3, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/04/us-solar-superstorm-idUSBRE8721K820120804
Power blackouts can cause chaos, as they did briefly in India when more than
AND
death toll could run into the millions in the worst-case scenario. Pennington 12
Tess Pennington is former Armed Forces Emergency Services Center specialist and is well versed in emergency and disaster management and response and the founder of Ready Nutrition, a preparedness website
http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/when-the-grid-goes-down-you-better-be-ready
It is a fact that our country is more reliant on electrical power today than
AND
Americans would be dead ~4~ from starvation, disease and violence.¶ NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
AND
?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
Replacement of damaged equipment following a multisite¶ coordinated attack on major components could take
AND
and the need for a critical parts inventory, particularly power¶ transformers. Independently, grid collapse leads to 71 nuclear meltdowns
Goldes 11
Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force
SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE
http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html
A map of the USA on the Aesop Institute website reflects a NASA study based
AND
This is a little publicized multi-trillion dollar, planet wide nightmare%21 AP 11
Associated Press 3-29-11 Nuclear power plants in U.S. vulnerable to power outages, study shows
http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html-http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
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things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami." Natural Resource Defense Council 11
What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here?
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/
A future severe nuclear accident at a U.S. nuclear power plant is
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potential for land contamination would still be high in a severe nuclear accident. Wald 11
Matthew L. Wald is a reporter at The New York Times Risk From Spent Nuclear Reactor Fuel Is Greater in U.S. Than in Japan, Study Says http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/25/business/energy-environment/25nuke.html
The threat of a catastrophic release of radioactive materials from a spent fuel pool at
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in all four of the damaged Fukushima reactors combined, the report notes. Sandy proves – grid disruptions have the potential to cause meltdownsGuarino 11/1
Douglas P., Global Security Newswire, "Critics: Sandy Showed Nuclear Plants’ Vulnerability to Weather, Sabotage," 11/1/12 www.nti.rsvp1.com/gsn/article/critics-sandy-showed-nuclear-plants-vulnerability-weather-sabotage/?mgh=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%26amp;mgf=1 AD 11/9/12
WASHINGTON – The danger Hurricane Sandy posed to nuclear power plants along the East Coast
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pool fire could create life-threatening contamination of hundreds of square miles." Wasserman 01
(Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, "America’s Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself", October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)
Without continous monitoring and guaranteed water flow, the thousands of tons of radioactive rods
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core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down. Goldes 11
Goldes Nov 23, 2011 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force ¶ "SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE" www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html AD 10/25/12
We face a severe potential emergency. External threats serve to unite. The world
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specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern. Latynina ’03
Yulia Latynina, journalist for Novaya Gazeta~World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 11) www.worldpress.org/Americas/1579.cfm ~
The scariest thing about the cascading power outages was not spoiled groceries in the fridge
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regardless of whether someone sets¶ off the detonator intentionally or by accident. Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown that photovotaics can be used effectively to supply electrical power during emergencies
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and experience they need to accept PV in their operations under these circumstances? Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ The second part of the value equation is found in the perennial need for emergency and restored power that cities and states which are in the path of regular hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes and ice storms cannot depend on today. Mobile solar power provides a plethora of solutions to a series of intractable problems that face millions of people in the U.S. every year.¶ When a major natural
disaster strikes, there is inevitably major and protracted damage to the power grid
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be prolonged. Mobile solar power can provide the security and the solutions. Young 03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center¶ Disasters and Energy Security Management¶ http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-PF-372-03.pdf
Listed above are various general applications that are presently available as PV-powered.
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-alone electrical power applications due to lower operating cost than gasoline generators. *The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disasterCorps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to ensuring that its emergency¶ management teams are well prepared
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tracking system helps us to position¶ personnel, supplies and equipment in areas where¶ they will be able to respond most quickly to disasters.¶ For example, our national fleet of self sustaining¶ emergency response vehicles are strategically stationed¶ around the country so they can be onsite at virtually¶ any disaster within 18 hours. These vehicles contain¶ cuttingedge¶ communications systems and computer¶ systems.
DOE 99
Counting on Solar Power for¶ Disaster Relief¶ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26042.pdf
When disaster strikes, electric power¶ is usually the first critically¶ important service
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weather is extremely cloudy or stormy¶ for more than a few days. Anderson ’12
Bob, Public Affairs Officer for the Memphis District, "The Corps responds to Hurricane Isaac, assists Mississippi and Louisiana," 8/29/12 USACE Mississippi Valley Division, www.mvk.usace.army.mil/index.php?pID=8%26aID=440, AD 10/25/12
"Teams from our six districts and other districts within the United States are trained
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and damage assessment, and clearance, removal, and disposal of debris. |
| 02/09/2013 | Tournament: NU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge: S Chung The United States Army Corps of Engineers should procure mobile solar power systems for its training exercises and operations in response to emergencies in the United States.NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
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?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM¶ The U.S. power delivery system is
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a wide area, as happened in the Northeast¶ blackout of 2003.
Recent years have witnessed dramatic organizational¶ changes in the U.S. electric
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are decades old¶ and lack improved technology that could help limit outages. AFP 11
US not prepared for ’mega-disaster’: official March 17, 2011
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gJnlUXL4Rj-PlWj7hJOaWtU2B7fA?docId=CNG.d09217177032cbbc9a7b49e80f70edcb.2b1
The United States is not as prepared as it should be for a disaster on
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said, questioning whether United States can "handle a mega-disaster." Boswell 12
Randy Boswell, Reporter for Postmedia News August 3, 2012
Clock ticking on next massive Pacific coast quake
http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html~~%23ixzz25nQXy0zf-http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html
Two separate geological studies released this week suggest the earthquake hazard in the transboundary region
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years. But we already have exceeded about three-fourths of them." And a consensus of experts agreeHazards 11
NMSZ¶ Expert¶ Panel¶ Report¶ to¶ NEPEC,¶ April¶ 16,¶ 2011
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/nepec/reports/NEPEC_NMSZ_expert_panel_report.pdf
On the occasion of the bicentennial of the 1811-1812 earthquakes, we have
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for damaging earthquakes that must be accounted for in urban planning and development. A major quake would cause long term grid collapse and render diesel backup generators uselessStockton 11
Paul N. Stockton is the assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs. Former director of the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Homeland Security Affairs is the online journal of the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Homeland Defense and Security http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11
The National Level Exercise 2011 (NLE 11) highlighted the need to strengthen our
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responsible for resupplying them could face a radical mismatch between supply and demand. NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
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?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
The electric power delivery system that carries electricity¶ from large central generators to customers
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and welfare, depend on electricity, the results¶ could be devastating. And cyberattacks take out the gridNAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
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?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
The operation of a modern electric power system depends¶ on complex systems of sensors
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of vigilance including¶ careful attention to personnel training and operational¶ procedures. NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
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?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
Osama bin Laden has stated that the objective of the al-Qaeda Islamic terrorist
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voluntary or coerced. The insider issue is discussed¶ in Chapter 5. Pennington 12
Tess Pennington is former Armed Forces Emergency Services Center specialist and is well versed in emergency and disaster management and response and the founder of Ready Nutrition, a preparedness website
http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/when-the-grid-goes-down-you-better-be-ready
It is a fact that our country is more reliant on electrical power today than
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Americans would be dead ~4~ from starvation, disease and violence.¶ Hecht 11
Laurence Hecht analyst for 21st Century Tech Solar Storm Threatening Power Grids – Yet no Action Taken to Implement Defences http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Solar-Storm-Threatening-Power-Grids-%E2%80%93-Yet-no-Action-Taken-to-Implement-Defences.html
According to a study by the Metatech Corporation, commissioned under Executive Order 13407 for
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chaos. Damage to infrastructure would cascade and create massive loss of life. Independently, grid collapse leads to 71 nuclear meltdowns
Goldes 11
Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force
SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE
http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html
A map of the USA on the Aesop Institute website reflects a NASA study based
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This is a little publicized multi-trillion dollar, planet wide nightmare%21 AP 11
Associated Press 3-29-11 Nuclear power plants in U.S. vulnerable to power outages, study shows
http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html-http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
AND
things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami." Natural Resource Defense Council 11
What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here?
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/
A future severe nuclear accident at a U.S. nuclear power plant is
AND
potential for land contamination would still be high in a severe nuclear accident. Wald 11
Matthew L. Wald is a reporter at The New York Times Risk From Spent Nuclear Reactor Fuel Is Greater in U.S. Than in Japan, Study Says http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/25/business/energy-environment/25nuke.html
The threat of a catastrophic release of radioactive materials from a spent fuel pool at
AND
in all four of the damaged Fukushima reactors combined, the report notes. Sandy proves – grid disruptions have the potential to cause meltdownsGuarino 11/1
Douglas P., Global Security Newswire, "Critics: Sandy Showed Nuclear Plants’ Vulnerability to Weather, Sabotage," 11/1/12 www.nti.rsvp1.com/gsn/article/critics-sandy-showed-nuclear-plants-vulnerability-weather-sabotage/?mgh=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%26amp;mgf=1 AD 11/9/12
WASHINGTON – The danger Hurricane Sandy posed to nuclear power plants along the East Coast
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pool fire could create life-threatening contamination of hundreds of square miles." Wasserman 01
(Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, "America’s Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself", October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)
Without continous monitoring and guaranteed water flow, the thousands of tons of radioactive rods
AND
core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down. Goldes 11
Goldes Nov 23, 2011 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force ¶ "SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE" www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html AD 10/25/12
We face a severe potential emergency. External threats serve to unite. The world
AND
specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern. Latynina ’03
Yulia Latynina, journalist for Novaya Gazeta~World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 11) www.worldpress.org/Americas/1579.cfm ~
The scariest thing about the cascading power outages was not spoiled groceries in the fridge
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regardless of whether someone sets¶ off the detonator intentionally or by accident. Contention three is refineries Wolf ’12
Martin Wolf, associate editor and chief economics commentator at the Financial Times, widely considered to be one of the world’s most influential writers on economics. "Prepare for a new era of oil shocks". The Financial Times. March 27, 2012. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/41ba759a-7730-11e1-baf3-00144feab49a.html~~%23axzz1qNuyqGNk
Yet, despite the absurd politicking, we should be concerned about the economic impact
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far more sense to tax imports and keep some of it, instead. Oil refineries are running at capacity and aging – no spare capacity to absorb shocksSimpson ’12
Brian P., PhD Economics GMU, Associate Professor School of Business and Management, National University, published multiple peer-reviewed articles, "Undermining Energy Production: An Economic and Philosophic Analysis of the State of Energy Production" Journal of Management Policy and Practice vol. 13(1) 2012 (peer-reviewed) nabusinesspress.homestead.com/JMPP/SimpsonBP_Web13_1_.pdf AD 1/29/13
Environmental regulations and lawsuits impose prohibitive costs and financial risks on oil companies.¶ For
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which can lead to higher maintenance costs and¶ still more down time. Kahn ’11
Chris, Associated Press, "AP Energy Writers Jonathan Fahey in New York and Sandy Shore in Denver contributed to this story., " Hurricane Irene: Oil Refineries Likely To Shut Down As Storm Nears," 8/25/11 www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/25/refineries-irene-preparation-hurricane-east-coast_n_937286.html
Jeff Hazle, the senior director for refining technology at the National Petrochemical %26 Refiners
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easier for the crew to manage problems that may arise during the storm. INSS ’11
Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, October 4-5, 2011 "Tabletop Exercise: Secure Grid ’11" coordinated by Dr. Dr. Richard B. Andres Energy Security Chair, Institute for National Strategic Studies Professor of National Security Strategy, National War College
It is unknown how much backup generation refineries and other large customers have. Although¶ many companies have hardened their systems to varying levels in recent years, this practice has¶ not been widespread. Many have purchased or leased generators for use in emergencies.¶ Hospitals have backup generation but only a few days of fuel. The fuel re‐supply problem would¶ apply across the board for such backup generation. Graham et al. ’08
William R., Chairman of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States
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Office, Jul 14, 2008, Google Books p. 95-96
The petroleum infrastructure can be divided into two parts: the upstream sector, which
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nia, Washington, and along the East Coast of the United States. King 08
Neil King Jr., Washington Reporter from the Wall Street Journal, Center for a New American Security, July 2008, "Peak Oil: A survey of security concerns," www.aspousa.org/aspousa4/proceedings/_CNAS_King_Peak_Oil_WorkingPaper.pdf, AD 3/21/12
Many commentators in the United States and abroad have begun to wrestle with the question
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elected officials seek out those who are to blame for the country’s travails. Townsend ’13
Erik, hedge fund manager, retired software entrepreneur, founder of the Cushing Group, a consulting firm that allowed Wells Fargo to become teh world’s first Internet Bank, actively traded energy, grains, and precious metals futures since 2008, lectured on Peak Oil to Belgian Parliament and ASPO technical Conference, frequent guest on FInancial Sense Newshour; "Commentary: Why Peak Oil Threatens the International Monetary System," 1/6/13, Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas USA http://aspousa.org/2013/01/commentary-why-peak-oil-threatens-the-international-monetary-system/ AD 2/6/13
Let’s not forget that the USA enjoys virtually unchallenged global military hegemony. China is
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factors including military capability will play a role in determining the ultimate outcome. Klare ’11
PhD from the Graduate School of the Union Institution, Five Colleges professor of Peace and World Security Studies at Hampshire College, defense correspondent of The Nation, teaches at Amherst, Smith, Mount Holyoke, on the board of Human Rights Watch and teh Arms Control Association, "The Oil-Food Price Shock," 3/10/11www.thenation.com/article/159165/oil-food-price-shock~%23
The great irony is that many of these countries are oil producers, and with
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leaving little to satisfy the world’s growing need for food and animal feed. Bailey and Horwich ’12
Rob, Royal Institute of International Affairs , interviewed by Jeff Horwich, Interim host of Marketplace Morning Report 26 Royal Institute of International Affairs, http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/us-drought-could-have-global-impact-food-prices
Bailey: Well America is an agricultural superpower as well as a traditional global superpower
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to rise and this could actually have implications for China, quite seriously. Food crisis risks internal revolts in Russia and ChinaGlobal Torchlight ’12
Global Torchlight, specialised consultancy advising on a full spectrum of international political and security issues, founding members include John C. Amble, former intelligence officer at the Defense Intelligence Agency, and David J. Chmiel, MA from the War Studies Department at King’s College London, "Drought, Rising Food Prices, and Political Instability," 8—20—12, http://globaltorchlight.com/?p=2289, AD 2/6/13
Finally, the effects of this issue are not limited to smaller developing economies but
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attempts to sustain the country’s economic growth and attract further foreign investment capital. Simes ’94
DimitriSimes, Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "The Return of Russian History," FOREIGN AFFAIRS, January/February 1994, p. 67+, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/20045892
For the United States, neither Yeltsin’s political future nor even the¶ future of
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democratic legitimacy than on the support of the military and¶ security services. Plate 3
Tom, UCLA professor, Straits Times, June 28, LN.
But, while China’s prosperity may be good for Americans, is it necessarily the
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economic growth - the very direction the White House now seems to prefer. Brown ’05
Lester Brown, President of the Earth Policy Institute, February 7, 2005, People and the Planet, "Falling water tables ’could hit food supply’," http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2424
Many Americans see terrorism as the principal threat to security, but for much of
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For them, it is the next meal that is the overriding concern." Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown that photovotaics can be used effectively to supply electrical power during emergencies
AND
and experience they need to accept PV in their operations under these circumstances? Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ The second part of the value equation is found in the perennial need for emergency and restored power that cities and states which are in the path of regular hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes and ice storms cannot depend on today. Mobile solar power provides a plethora of solutions to a series of intractable problems that face millions of people in the U.S. every year.¶ When a major natural
disaster strikes, there is inevitably major and protracted damage to the power grid
AND
be prolonged. Mobile solar power can provide the security and the solutions. Young 03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center¶ Disasters and Energy Security Management¶ http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-PF-372-03.pdf
Listed above are various general applications that are presently available as PV-powered.
AND
-alone electrical power applications due to lower operating cost than gasoline generators. *The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disasterCorps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to ensuring that its emergency¶ management teams are well prepared
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. These vehicles contain¶ cuttingedge¶ communications systems and computer¶ systems.
|
| 02/23/2013 | Tournament: D3 Districts | Round: 3 | Opponent: MoState BR | Judge: Box DTRIP ’12
Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program, "Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement", 2012, http://dtirp.dtra.mil/tic/synopses/pmda.aspx
The Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA), ~long title: Agreement Between
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finished, including a new electrical substation which was completed in September 2010. Wolfe ’12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Column" The Augustana Chronicles, Augustana GA, 11/18/12 www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Clinton
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mankind can make decisions of this importance and actually pull them off. Any waste alternative devastates all nuclear cooperation – violates reciprocity and forces the treaty open for future revisionsWolfe ’11
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, " "July 6, 2011¶ Letter/column in¶ The Augusta Chronicle - Augusta GA¶ Examine big picture of MOX mission " www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
I would like to first consider his reference to cost vs. the alternative.
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name of tight budgets would be penny-wise and pound-foolish. Wolfe 2/17
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Too much is at stake to throw MOX nuclear project into jeopardy," 2/17/13 m.chronicle.augusta.com/opinion/opinion-columns/2013-02-17/too-much-stake-throw-mox-nuclear-project-jeopardy
In any event, it is reckless and foolish to talk
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take decades – and continued investments – to dismantle them." Sokova ’10
Elena, research associate at the Monterey Institute of International Studies "Plutonium Disposition", NTI, 9-16-2010, http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/plutonium-disposition-14/
To ensure the plutonium subject to disposition is irreversibly removed from use in nuclear weapons
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the existence of an operational infrastructure for MOX fuel fabrication makes this possible. Clinton and Lavrov ’10
Secretary of State and Russian Foreign Minister, "Signing of the Plutonium Disposition Protocol", Mission of the United States Geneva Switzerland, 4-13-2010, http://geneva.usmission.gov/2010/04/14/signing-pmda/
SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, good afternoon, and let me state the obvious.
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and I join the Secretary in thanking the teams which negotiated this agreement. Luongo ’07
Kenneth N., executive director of the Russian-American Nuclear Security Advisory Council "Improving U.S.-Russian Nuclear Cooperation", Partnership for Global Security, 2007, http://www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/publications/Articles%20and%20Commentary/improving_nuc_coop.html
Expediting fissile material disposition and elimination. Although programs
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in fighting future threats is what the United States and Russia truly seek. Allison and Blackwill 11
~Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs 10-30, "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters"http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html~~
That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S
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.S. success, or failure, in advancing our national interests. Lukyanov ’11
Fyodor, editor-in-chief of Russia in Global Politics magazine, "Nuclear destruction remains the basis of relations", The Telegraph, 1-5-2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/opinion/8241050/Nuclear-destruction-remains-the-basis-of-Russia-US-relations.html
When President Dmitry Medvedev warned in his latest state-of-the-nation
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than real since it touches the heart of the problem of strategic stability. Corcoran 9 – PhD, Senior Fellow @ Global Security
Ed, Ph.D., serves as a Senior Fellow on national security issues at GlobalSecurity.org., Frmr. Strategic Analyst at the US Army War College where he chaired studies for the Office of the Deputy Chief of Operations and member of the National Advisory Board for the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues, we win the qualification game, April 21, http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/090421301-strategic-nuclear-targets.htm
That brings us to Russia, our former main adversary,
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greatly complicate any efforts to stop escalation short of a total nuclear exchange. Reilly ’12
Bill, Bill Reilly, a retired colonel, formerly headed the U.S. Army’s reactor program., "MOX offers a nuclear power boost," 7/1/12, updated 1/29/13 www.columbiatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/mox-offers-a-nuclear-power-boost/article_4075b9c4-bd1c-5f22-99fb-0783224782cf.html~%23.USFCOOi1nn4
As the Cold War receded, the United States and
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making the world a safer place by reducing the risk of nuclear proliferation. Ogilvie-White 6 – PhD, senior lecturer in the School of Social and Political Sciences, teaching on the subjects of foreign policy and international organisations
"Preventing Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism: Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia," http://www.issr.uq.edu.au/sites/default/files/1%20-%20Preventing%20Nuclear%20and%20Radiological%20Terrorism%20-%20Nuclear%20Security%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf
In the worst-case scenario – the theft and detonation of an intact nuclear
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security analysts have called it the most¶ serious threat facing the world. Ogilvie-White 6 – PhD, senior lecturer in the School of Social and Political Sciences, teaching on the subjects of foreign policy and international organisations
"Preventing Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism: Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia," http://www.issr.uq.edu.au/sites/default/files/1%20-%20Preventing%20Nuclear%20and%20Radiological%20Terrorism%20-%20Nuclear%20Security%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf
In June 2004, Mohamed ElBaradei, the usually circumspect Director General of the ¶
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¶ injected a new sense of urgency to an already highly charged debate. Conolly ’12
Catherine, MA candidate at King’s College London, "The Threat To The West From Soviet Nukes", 2-12-2012, http://theriskyshift.com/2012/02/threat-to-west-from-soviet-nukes-html/~~%23ixzz28GLMDMoR
Fissile Materials Russia produces the world’s largest stockpile of weapons-grade plutonium and highly
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of tactical nuclear weapons being stolen or sold is little cause for comfort. Nuclear terrorism from Russian stocks leads to retaliation and extinctionAyson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict %26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response. Dunlop and Smith ’06
William, scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories and Harold, distinguished visiting scholar and professor at the Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California at Berkeley, "Who did it? Using international forensics to detect and deter nuclear terrorism," Arms Control Today, October 1, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2006_10/CVRForensics
Among these, Moscow perhaps presents the most
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following the 1996 TWA Flight 800 airline disaster.~5~ Moscow strike activates the Dead Hand – makes nuclear war inevitableCNANW ’09
Canadian Network to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, "Questions and Answers on "RLOAD" and De-alerting", http://www.web.net/~~cnanw/index.htm
On the Russian side, command of nuclear
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described in our recent paper "Replace LoW Policy"~ Rosenbaum ’07
Ron, award winning journalist and author, "The Return of the Doomsday Machine?", 8/31/2007, Slate Magazine, http://www.slate.com/id/2173108/pagenum/all/
In Strangelove, the doomsday machine was a Soviet system that automatically detonated some 50
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It went fully operational in January 1985. It is still in place." Wallace and Staples ’10
Michael Wallace, Professor Emeritus, political science, University of British Columbia and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and Stephen Staples, Executive Director, Rideau Institute and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and author of a book on missile defense, "Ridding the Artic of Nuclear Weapons: A Task Long Overdue", March 2010
Might there be other reasons for the Russians
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answer, one way or the other, in the next few months. Wallace and Staples ’10
Michael Wallace, Professor Emeritus, political science, University of British Columbia and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and Stephen Staples, Executive Director, Rideau Institute and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and author of a book on missile defense, "Ridding the Artic of Nuclear Weapons: A Task Long Overdue", March 2010
Most of the preceding discussion – and indeed, nearly all discussion of the problems
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to assure the well-being of the oft-neglected original inhabitants. Trent ’11
Packard C. Lieutenant, United States Navy B.S., United States Merchant Marine Academy, 2003 "AN EVALUATION OF THE ARCTIC—WILL IT BECOME AN AREA OF COOPERATION OR CONFLICT?" Naval Postgraduate School March 2011 http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2011/March/11Mar_Trent.pdf
D. CONCLUSION This chapter has examined counterarguments to the proposition that Arctic will become
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peacefully with all sides in agreement, the potential for conflict will remain. Cohen ’10
Ariel Senior Research Fellow for Russian and Eurasian Studies and International Energy Policy, The Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies "From Russian Competition to Natural Resources Access: Recasting U.S. Arctic Policy" The Heritage Foundation 6/15/10 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/06/from-russian-competition-to-natural-resources-access-recasting-us-arctic-policy
To advance its position, Russia has undertaken a three-year mission to map
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, Russia backtracked and began to seek foreign investors for Arctic gas development. Golts 11 – independent Russian military analyst
Alexander, Russia in the Arctic, "THE ARCTIC: A CLASH OF INTERESTS OR CLASH OF AMBITIONS," http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB1073.pdf
Unfortunately, the absence of rational reasons for
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Russian Federation’s national interests in the region." 22 Alvarez ’11
Robert Alvarez, former secretary in the DOE, "Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools in the U.S.: Reducing the Deadly Risks of Storage", Institute for Policy Studies, May 2011, http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/spent-nuclear-fuel-pools-in.html
This tragic event is casting a spotlight on the¶ spent
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amounts¶ of irradiated fuel... This has become a fact of life for¶ nuclear power stations." Wolfe ’12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Article" The Greenville News, Greenville, SC, 8/10/12www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
And that’s the point. TVA’s use of MOX could pave the way for a
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nuclear waste for each unit of energy will be reduced by 50 percent. Lee ’10
Nathan R. Lee, WISE Engineering Intern, B.S.E. in Materials Science and Engineering, "Sustainability Of U.S. Nuclear Energy: Waste Management And The Question Of Reprocessing", American Nuclear Society, WISE Journal, 2010, http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2010/NathanLeeWISE2010.pdf
In devising a waste management policy, the issue of long-term waste burden
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of nuclear energy and thereby the security¶ of our entire energy future. Lee ’10
Nathan R. Lee, WISE Engineering Intern, B.S.E. in Materials Science and Engineering, "Sustainability Of U.S. Nuclear Energy: Waste Management And The Question Of Reprocessing", American Nuclear Society, WISE Journal, 2010, http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2010/NathanLeeWISE2010.pdf
In the long term, one begins to see
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of waste by a factor of 4.3 to 5.4 and thereby further reducing¶ repository demand.36 Zhang ’03
Hui Zhang, Senior Research Associate, "Radiological Terrorism: Sabotage of Spent Fuel Pools", INESAP: International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation, issue 22, pages 75-78, 2003, http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/364/radiological_terrorism.html
The Consequence of Cesium-137 Release¶ A 400 t PWR pool holds about
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is necessary to take security measures to prevent such an event from happening. Bertell 2K
Dr. Rosalie Bertell, American physician and epidemiologist and winner of several awards, including the Hans-Adalbert-Schweigart-Medal (1983), Right Livelihood Award (1986) World Federalist Peace Award, Ontario Premier’s Council on Health, Health Innovator Award, the United Nations Environment Programme Global 500 award, and the Sean MacBride International Peace Prize3 "Part One: The Problem: Nuclear Radiation and its Biological Effects", No Immediate Danger, Prognosis for a Radioactive Earth, The Book Publishing Company, 2000, http://www.ratical.org/radiation/NRBE/NRadBioEffects.html
In 1964 Hermann Müller published a paper, `Radiation and Heredity’, spelling out
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a process leads to selective genocide of families or species suicide.~19~ Edwards 12 – PhD, president of the Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility and is the recipient of the 2006 Nuclear-Free Future Award
Gordon, "Why Nuclear Scientists Have Missed the Danger of Spent Fuel Pools," http://akiomatsumura.com/2012/01/lack-of-training-on-the-catastrophic-accident-potential-at-spent-fuel-pools.html
You asked me why there has been so little warning from the "nuclear establishment
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from the spent fuel once the protective shielding of the water is gone. Washington’s Blog 12 – Research team that provides real-time, well-researched and actionable information
Citing Akio Matsumura, former UN advisor
Citing Robert Alvarez, former Senior Policy Adviser to the Secretary and Deputy Assistant Secretary for National Security and the Environment at the U.S. Department of Energy
Citing Mitsuhei Murata, Japan’s Former Ambassador to Switzerland
"The Top Short-Term Threat to Humanity: The Fuel Pools of Fukushima," http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2012/04/the-largest-short-term-threat-to-humanity-the-fuel-pools-of-fukushima.html
If another earthquake occurs then the building ~number 4~ could collapse and another
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most reliable experts like Dr. Arnie Gundersen or Dr. Fumiaki Koide. TVA adoption solves the treaty and jump-starts utility use of MOX in the USWolfe ’12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Article" The Greenville News, Greenville, SC, 8/10/12www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
As the need for nuclear power grows, we must pursue
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of nuclear waste for each unit of energy will be reduced by 50 percent. Bunn ’07
Matthew Bunn is a senior research associate in the Managing the Atom project at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. Previously, he served in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy where, among other responsibilities, he staffed the interagency working group on plutonium disposition. He was the study director for the two-volume National Academy of Sciences study Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995., "Troubled Disposition: Next Steps in Dealing with Excess Plutonium," April 2007, www.armscontrol.org/act/2007_04/Bunn
A wide range of other obstacles have contributed to
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not meet plutonium disposition deadlines. SEC 12
Securities and Exchange Commission, UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549, http://investor.shareholder.com/tva/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1376986-12-30
TVA has experienced some
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increases, cost reductions, or other ways. |
| 03/21/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: And it’s a cash transfer – it’s classified as debt to the TVAGAO 3
"TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Information on Lease-Leaseback and Other Financing Arrangements," GAO, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03784.pdf
TVA’s lease-leaseback arrangements are classified as liabilities in TVA’s ¶ financial statements, as required by GAAP, and are classified as debt for ¶ budgetary reporting purposes, as required by OMB guidance. In addition, ¶ because in our opinion the relevant statute is unclear as to whether the ¶ arrangements should be counted against TVA’s statutory debt cap, TVA’s ¶ position that they should not be counted against the cap is not ¶ unreasonable Waxman 98 – Solicitor General of the US (Seth, Brief for the United States in Opposition for the US Supreme Court case HARBERT/LUMMUS AGRIFUELS PROJECTS, ET AL., PETITIONERS v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, http://www.justice.gov/osg/briefs/1998/0responses/98-0697.resp.opp.pdf) 2 On November 15, 1986, Keefe was delegated "the authority, with
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or his delegate(s)." Pet. App. 111-113. Financial incentives include transfers and procurement, and that’s a manageable limitWebb ’93
Kernaghan, lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa "Thumbs, Fingers, and Pushing on String: Legal Accountability in the Use of Federal Financial Incentives", 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501 (1993) Hein Online
In this paper, "financial incentives" are taken to mean disbursements of public
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In effect, these programs are assistance, but they are not incentives. GAO 3
"TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Information on Lease-Leaseback and Other Financing Arrangements," GAO, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03784.pdf
TVA has traditionally financed its operations with cash generated from ¶ operations, the issuance
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¶ 1, which is expected to cost about %241.8 billion Foster 11 – Durham Continuum of Care Coordinator, NC
Lanea, "2011 Point-in-Time Count of Homeless Persons," http://durhamtenyearplan.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Final_PIT_Count_Report_3-27-20111.pdf
"Definitions of homelessness used by federal agencies are closely tied to the overall mission
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IPR No Date
Improving Programming Request, Requesting Project Funding by the Department of Revenue in Nebraska, http://www.dor.state.ne.us/roadway-design/trans-guides/Section30.pdf
Functional classification for Federal-Aid routes are determined by FHWA in cooperation ¶ with
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¶ state "minimum design standards" must be followed during project development. Caldecott 76 – Judge on the Court of Appeals California, First Appellate
"Hitchings v. Del Rio Woods Recreation %26 Park Dist. 55 Cal. App. 3d 560," http://law.justia.com/cases/california/calapp3d/55/560.html
These federal definitions are controlling when applicable to the context of the problem at hand
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.Ct. 1037~.) ~55 Cal. App. 3d 568~ |
| 03/21/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: a) If they say yes, the counterplan is resolved too
b) Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory
Words and Phrases 2
Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition" Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for sawmill industry providing that a two by
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2d 839, 193 Or. 556. —-Labor %26 Emp. 2857 Berry and Tolley ’10 – professors of energy policy and economics
~Professors R. Stephen Berry and George S. Tolley, "Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Future Prospects and Viability", University of Chicago Humanities, 11-29-2010, http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/institute/bigproblems/Team7-1210.pdf~~
The U.S. efforts to exploit nuclear power commercially originated as a result
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understanding of the challenges which confront nuclear reprocessing in the U.S. Kamensky ’12
John M. Kamensky, Senior Fellow with the IBM Center for The Business of Government, Associate Partner with IBM’s Global Business Services, "Engaging Citizens vs. Streamlining Bureaucracy", IBM Center for The Business of Government, 1-10-2012, http://www.businessofgovernment.org/blog/business-government/engaging-citizens-vs-streamlining-bureaucracy-http://www.businessofgovernment.org/blog/business-government/engaging-citizens-vs-streamlining-bureaucracy
Research Results. The ACUS report found, not surprisingly, three sets of problems
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at the grassroots level, such as in national parks or veterans hospitals. Borrus and Stowsky ’97
Michael and Jay, "Technology Policy and Economic Growth", The Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dc781j5 AD 10/4/12
Even accepting the critic’s definition of the issue, there are limiting cases in which
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a comfortable margin for error in choosing among¶ technologies to back.15 |
| 03/21/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Desai 12 Fellow, Truman National Security Project (Ronak. "US-India Relations under the 2nd obama administration." http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ronak-d-desai/usindia-relations-under-t_b_2115396.html) What’s ahead for US-India relations now that President Obama has won reelection?
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on the horizon, the future looks bright for US-India relations. Myers 2/14
Dennis, Local Stories Reno, "Soft Sell: Obama tries a new approach to nuclear waste storage," 2/14/13 www.newsreview.com/reno/soft-sell/content?oid=9040196
The new Nevada Legislature has plenty on its plate this year, and its members
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dumps slated for 2021 and 2025, essentially consigning Yucca to the past. Bastasch 1/31 Michael, The Daily Caller, "Report suggests Solyndra-like problems in federal nuclear power loan guaranteeRead more: http://dailycaller.com/2013/01/31/report-suggests-solyndra-like-problems-in-federal-nuclear-power-loan-guarantee/~~%23ixzz2LVY0W0XZ,"
The Obama administration’s approval of a federal loan guarantee for the construction of two Georgia
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Corporation and Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia over the specifics of the loan. Immigration won’t pass, PC not key, and other issues thumpPage 2/21
Susan, "Obama supported on guns, debt; Divided and dissatisfied with both sides, public is less aligned with Republicans," Lexis
An immigration divide¶ A 51% majority of Americans say it’s essential for the
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the issues is preferred, but the public’s sense of urgency is lower. Daily Camera 2/15
Obama’s new vision: Doable?, 2/15/13, Lexis
The president also renewed his call to reduce carbon emissions, suggesting that he may spend some political capital on that vital issue. He endorsed sensible steps to deter gun violence, including new protections against sham sales that arm criminals. And he reconfirmed his commitment to ending the U.S. war in Afghanistan next year. Metzler 2/15
Rebekah, President Obama Visits Chicago to Push for Gun Reforms, 2/15/13, Lexis
It’s still not obvious what lawmakers will take up in the form of gun legislation
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is background checks. He just has to have something to claim victory." Brown and Sherman 2/20
Carrie Buddoff and Jake, Obama’s sequester strategy: Shame, 2/20/13, Politico, Lexis
But if Republicans hold to their cuts-only approach — as they insist they
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House, House Republicans feel no compulsion to do anything — at all. TVA 12
"Budget Proposal and Management Agenda, http://www.tva.com/abouttva/pdf/budget_proposal_2013.pdf
TVA’s power program is entirely self-financed and does not receive any federal appropriations. TVA, like the rest of the ¶ electric utility industry, is challenged to meet growing customer demands with cleaner, low-cost energy resources. This will ¶ require substantial capital investments during the next decade. TVA raises capital for asset investments through power ¶ revenues, public bonds up to a limit set by Congress, and alternative financings, including lease financings. Lillis 2/16
Mike, Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform, 2/16/13, The Hill, http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform
President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event Congress doesn’t reach a comprehensive deal this year, according to several House Democratic leaders. While the Democrats are hoping Congress will preclude any executive action by enacting reforms legislatively, they say the administration has the tools to move unilaterally if the bipartisan talks on Capitol Hill break down. Furthermore, they say, Obama stands poised to use them. Press Action ’12
3/12/12 ("US Nuclear Industry Operates as if Fukushima Never Happened") http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/nuclearsubsidies03122012/-http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/nuclearsubsidies03122012/
Both Democrats and Republicans have had a long love affair with commercial nuclear power,
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that the U.S. political system permits honest and real debate. Hirsh 2/7
Michael, chief correspondent, There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital, 2/7/13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
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change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect." Hirsh 2/7
Michael, chief correspondent, There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital, 2/7/13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
Consider this: Three months ago, just before the November election, if someone
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to do with Obama’s political capital or, indeed, Obama at all. -their evidence misuses the term
-ideological and partisan leanings outweigh
Dickinson 9 – Professor of Political Science
Matthew, professor of political science at Middlebury College and taught previously at Harvard University where he worked under the supervision of presidential scholar Richard Neustadt, 5-26-2009, Presidential Power: A NonPartisan Analysis of Presidential Politics, "Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power,". http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/
As for Sotomayor, from here the path toward almost certain confirmation goes as follows
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ignoring the Senate debate in order to play Halo III on his Xbox. |
| 03/21/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Zhang and Shi 11 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Currently on leave from Graduate School in Economic and Political Development, Lin Shi, MA from Columbia in International Affairs, also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank
America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. Nordhaus 11 chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz
Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta-http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta
Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology,
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simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature. State-centrism is the only way to produce human security and limit everyday injustice – material change should be preferred-alternatives to the state will not be democratically accountable – can’t give content to rights claims
-key to value to life
McCormack 10 – PhD in IR
Tara McCormack, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, pg. 140-142
Critical and emancipatory theorists fail to understand that there must be a political content to
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and emancipatory approaches reproduce and authorise the constitutive particular practices of contemporary powers. Isaac ’2—Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington
Jeffery C., Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, "Ends, Means, and Politics," p. Proquest.
As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. Owen 2
David, Reader in Political Theory at the University of Southampton, Reorienting International Relations: On Pragmatism, Pluralism and Practical Reasoning", Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3, http://mil.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/31/3/653-http://mil.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/31/3/653
Commenting on the ’philosophical turn’ in IR, Wæver remarks that ’~a~
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to the kind of vicious circle that they can, collectively, generate. Heg sustainable—system maker-privilege taker status means we can control assets and conditions and means conditions that took down past hegemons don’t apply to the US-system making means benefits outweigh the costs—can control access to US market, tech, foreign aid, and support to shape power structures
-military spending only 4% which is sustainable
-hegemon status ensures investors into the economy and control of the market—makes it sustainable
Beckley 12— research fellow in the International Security Program at Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
Michael, "China’s Century? Why America’s Edge Will Endure" International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Winter 2011/12), pp. 41–78
Hegemony is indeed expensive and provocative, but these declinist arguments tell only part of
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political process shaped by the United States in ways that serve its interests. Wendt ’98, professor of international security – Ohio State University
(Alexander, "On Constitution and Causation in International Relations," British International Studies Association)
As a community, we in the academic study of international politics spend too much
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sparring over epistemology is often one-sided, intolerant caricatures of science. Even if extinction is inevitable – taking steps to postpone it solves suffering and adds value to life.Epstein and Zhao in ’9
Richard J. Epstein and Y. Zhao, Laboratory of Computational Oncology,Department of Medicine,University of Hong Kong, Professorial
Block,Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. "The Threat That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Human Extinction". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, volume 52, number 1 (winter 2009):116–25. Project Muse.
Human extinction is 100% certain—the only uncertainties are when and how.
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, could pay dividends in minimizing the eventual cumulative burden of human suffering. May ’2
Collin May 12-18-2002
http://innocentsabroad.blogspot.com/2002_12_15_innocentsabroad_archive.html~~%2390069170
Unfortunately for our scholarly friends, there is a problem with root causes. Root
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an immediate and simplistic explanation to impress the gullible and justify the foolish. |
| 03/21/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: |
| 03/23/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: NAS Nov. 2K12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
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?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM¶ The U.S. power delivery system is
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a wide area, as happened in the Northeast¶ blackout of 2003.
Recent years have witnessed dramatic organizational¶ changes in the U.S. electric
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are decades old¶ and lack improved technology that could help limit outages. AFP 11
US not prepared for ’mega-disaster’: official March 17, 2011
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gJnlUXL4Rj-PlWj7hJOaWtU2B7fA?docId=CNG.d09217177032cbbc9a7b49e80f70edcb.2b1
The United States is not as prepared as it should be for a disaster on
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said, questioning whether United States can "handle a mega-disaster." Boswell 12
Randy Boswell, Reporter for Postmedia News August 3, 2012
Clock ticking on next massive Pacific coast quake
http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html~~%23ixzz25nQXy0zf-http://www.canada.com/news/Clock+ticking+next+massive+Pacific+coast+quake/7039550/story.html
Two separate geological studies released this week suggest the earthquake hazard in the transboundary region
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years. But we already have exceeded about three-fourths of them." And a consensus of experts agreeHazards 11
NMSZ¶ Expert¶ Panel¶ Report¶ to¶ NEPEC,¶ April¶ 16,¶ 2011
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/nepec/reports/NEPEC_NMSZ_expert_panel_report.pdf
On the occasion of the bicentennial of the 1811-1812 earthquakes, we have
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for damaging earthquakes that must be accounted for in urban planning and development. A major quake would cause long term grid collapse and render diesel backup generators uselessStockton 11
Paul N. Stockton is the assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs. Former director of the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Homeland Security Affairs is the online journal of the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Homeland Defense and Security http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11
The National Level Exercise 2011 (NLE 11) highlighted the need to strengthen our
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responsible for resupplying them could face a radical mismatch between supply and demand. Padmanabhan et al 10/23
VT Padmanabhan, researcher in health effects of radiation, epidemiological investigations in Kerala,
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.countercurrents.org/padmanabhan231012.htm AD 10/26/12
In October 2010, in a series of technical reports sponsored by DOE and DHS
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during the cycle, but there is higher risk during the solar peak. Thompson 12/19
Loren, national security contributor. Intelligence Community Warns Solar Storms Could Collapse Electric Grid. 12/19/12. http://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2012/12/19/intelligence-community-warns-solar-storms-could-collapse-electric-grid/.
Solar storms are a natural byproduct of the physical forces at work in the sun
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offline for months by a threat that many Americans don’t even know exists. INSS ’11
Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, October 4-5, 2011 "Tabletop Exercise: Secure Grid ’11" coordinated by Dr. Dr. Richard B. Andres
Energy Security Chair, Institute for National Strategic Studies
Professor of National Security Strategy, National War College
Modern storms can cause much more damage and disruption than earlier events because¶ infrastructures
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antennas for coupling GIC into the grid and potentially damaging EHV¶ transformers. NAS ’12
National Academy of Science - Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical
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?record_id=12050~%23orgs AD 1/5/13
Replacement of damaged equipment following a multisite¶ coordinated attack on major components could take
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and the need for a critical parts inventory, particularly power¶ transformers. Pennington 12
Tess Pennington is former Armed Forces Emergency Services Center specialist and is well versed in emergency and disaster management and response and the founder of Ready Nutrition, a preparedness website
http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/when-the-grid-goes-down-you-better-be-ready
It is a fact that our country is more reliant on electrical power today than
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Americans would be dead ~4~ from starvation, disease and violence.¶ Montgomery 8-25
Jeff Montgomery, Dan D’Ambrosio and Michael Risinit Reporters for Gannett Newspapers
Storms, heat repeatedly test U.S. power grid http://www.lohud.com/article/20120826/NEWS05/308260032/Storms-heat-repeatedly-test-U-S-power-grid
Extreme weather is putting America’s power grid to the test, with a year-
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predicted a %24107 billion shortfall in national electric system investment by 2020. Intervening actors can’t solve – commerce would collapse and would take years to restore absent the planZabarenko 8-3
Deborah Zabarenko Reporter for Reuters¶ WASHINGTON | Fri Aug 3, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/04/us-solar-superstorm-idUSBRE8721K820120804
Power blackouts can cause chaos, as they did briefly in India when more than
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death toll could run into the millions in the worst-case scenario. Hundreds of millions die and no successful transitionBarnhizer, 6
David, Prof of Law, Cleveland State U, ’Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream",’ Geo Int’l Envtl L Rev, pg. l/n
The scale of social needs, including the need for expanded productive activity, has
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then it will only be a respite before the pattern once again intensifies. Independently, grid collapse leads to 71 nuclear meltdowns
Goldes 11
Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force
SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE
http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html
A map of the USA on the Aesop Institute website reflects a NASA study based
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This is a little publicized multi-trillion dollar, planet wide nightmare%21 AP 11
Associated Press 3-29-11 Nuclear power plants in U.S. vulnerable to power outages, study shows
http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html-http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
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things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami." Natural Resource Defense Council 11
What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here?
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/
A future severe nuclear accident at a U.S. nuclear power plant is
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potential for land contamination would still be high in a severe nuclear accident. edited to for ablest language
Wald 11
Matthew L. Wald is a reporter at The New York Times Risk From Spent Nuclear Reactor Fuel Is Greater in U.S. Than in Japan, Study Says http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/25/business/energy-environment/25nuke.html
The threat of a catastrophic release of radioactive materials from a spent fuel pool at
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in all four of the damaged Fukushima reactors combined, the report notes. Sandy proves – grid disruptions have the potential to cause meltdownsGuarino 11/1
Douglas P., Global Security Newswire, "Critics: Sandy Showed Nuclear Plants’ Vulnerability to Weather, Sabotage," 11/1/12 www.nti.rsvp1.com/gsn/article/critics-sandy-showed-nuclear-plants-vulnerability-weather-sabotage/?mgh=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%26amp;mgf=1 AD 11/9/12
WASHINGTON – The danger Hurricane Sandy posed to nuclear power plants along the East Coast
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pool fire could create life-threatening contamination of hundreds of square miles." Wasserman 01
(Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, "America’s Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself", October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)
Without continous monitoring and guaranteed water flow, the thousands of tons of radioactive rods
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core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down. Goldes 11
Goldes Nov 23, 2011 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force ¶ "SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE" www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html AD 10/25/12
We face a severe potential emergency. External threats serve to unite. The world
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specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern. Latynina ’03
Yulia Latynina, journalist for Novaya Gazeta~World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 11) www.worldpress.org/Americas/1579.cfm ~
The scariest thing about the cascading power outages was not spoiled groceries in the fridge
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regardless of whether someone sets¶ off the detonator intentionally or by accident. Wright 9 – GAO Staff
Ann, "High-Containment Laboratories: National Strategy for Oversight Is Needed," GAO, Google Book
For most of the past 50 years, there were only two entities with BSL
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, there are seven operational BSL-4 laboratories in the United States. —we were lucky last time because no work was going on with deadly germs
AJC 8
"CDC: Offline generators caused germ lab outage," http://blacklistednews.com/?news_id=651
The backup power failure — the second in 13 months — is the type predicted
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hasn’t worked properly since it was installed 4 years ago," he wrote. Lab escape produces worst pandemic in historyBegley 12
Sharon, et al, "How secure are labs handling world’s deadliest pathogens?," Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/16/us-health-biosecurity-idUSTRE81E0R420120216
Last year, labs at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Erasmus MC
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, at a symposium at the New York Academy of Sciences this month. This particular pandemic would be unstoppableKlotz 12 - former Harvard University faculty member and biotechnology executive, Senior Science Fellow at the Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation and a long-time member of the Scientists’ Working Group on Chemical and Biological Weapons.
Lynn with Edward Slyvester, "The unacceptable risks of a man-made pandemic," BAS, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-unacceptable-risks-of-man-made-pandemic
.¶ What is the likelihood that the virus’s escape could lead to a pandemic?
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1918 flu, but with a fatality potential that is four times greater. Duggleby 12 – Actuary, member of the Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors
Chris, "The next pandemic: Will it be created by man? The debate about research using killer viruses like Avian Flu (H5N1) and Ebola," http://chrisduggleby.com/news-from-the-alpine-press/the-next-pandemic-will-it-be-created-by-man-the-debate-about-research-using-killer-viruses-like-avian-flu-h5n1-and-ebola/
In this article I would like to discuss the next pandemic or global epidemic.
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and Robert May, Professor in the Department of Zoology, Oxford University). Wilson 12 - Professional Associate at the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and J.D. from Lewis %26 Clark Law School
Grant, "Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies through International Law," Accepted @ Virginia Environmental Law Journal
An accidental release of a bioengineered microorganism during legitimate research poses a GCR/ER
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potentially catastrophic consequences, thus establishing a GCR/ER ~existential risk~. Young ’03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: TRAINING DISASTER ORGANIZATIONS¶ On The Use Of PV http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/fsec-pf-371-03.pdf
Experience has shown that photovotaics can be used effectively to supply electrical power during emergencies
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and experience they need to accept PV in their operations under these circumstances? Spisak ’11
John Spisak Spisak has extensive experience in the national environmental policy arena having co-chaired a national organization for the reform of the Superfund Law working closely with both houses of Congress having been invited to testify numerous times before various Senate and House Committeesis, the President and CEO of SolaRover, , a science graduate of Purdue University has broad international business experience in the natural resources, new technologies and environmental industries.¶ http://www.theicosamagazine.com/solarover
Mobile Solar in Disaster Zones¶ The second part
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be prolonged. Mobile solar power can provide the security and the solutions. Young 03
William Young. Jr. Research Engineer. University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center¶ Disasters and Energy Security Management¶ http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-PF-372-03.pdf
Listed above are various general applications that are presently available as PV-powered.
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-alone electrical power applications due to lower operating cost than gasoline generators. *The Army Corps of Engineers has unique capabilities to anticipate and respond quickly to any disasterCorps Results 09
"Emergency Management" Produced by the U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources inpartnership with the Headquarters Emergency
Management Branch, http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/VTNEmerMgmtBro_loresprd.pdf, AD 10/25/12
The Corps is committed to ensuring that its emergency¶ management teams are well prepared
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. These vehicles contain¶ cuttingedge¶ communications systems and computer¶ systems.
|
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
Plan
The Tennessee Valley Authority should increase procurement contracts for mixed oxide fuel for its electricity generation in the United States. 1
Advantage one – nuclear cooperation
The groundwork exists for US-Russian plutonium cooperation – however, electricity produced from MOX is key to fulfill the PMDA
DTRIP ’12
Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program, “Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement”, 2012, http://dtirp.dtra.mil/tic/synopses/pmda.aspx
The Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA), long title: Agreement Between
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finished, including a new electrical substation which was completed in September 2010.
MOX is key – any alternative explicitly violates the terms of the treaty
Wolfe '12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy's Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Column" The Augustana Chronicles, Augustana GA, 11/18/12 www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm#GN1208
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Clinton administration made treaty obligations with
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that mankind can make decisions of this importance and actually pull them off.
Any waste alternative devastates all nuclear cooperation – violates reciprocity and forces the treaty open for future changes
Wolfe '11
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy's Plutonium Focus Area, " “July 6, 2011¶ Letter/column in¶ The Augusta Chronicle - Augusta GA¶ Examine big picture of MOX mission “ www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm#GN1208
I would like to first consider his reference to cost vs. the alternative.
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name of tight budgets would be penny-wise and pound-foolish.
MOX facility key – programs must proceed in parallel to solve the agreement
Wolfe 2/17
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy's Plutonium Focus Area, "Too much is at stake to throw MOX nuclear project into jeopardy," 2/17/13 m.chronicle.augusta.com/opinion/opinion-columns/2013-02-17/too-much-stake-throw-mox-nuclear-project-jeopardy
In any event, it is reckless and foolish to talk about terminating the program
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It’s going to take decades – and continued investments – to dismantle them.”
MOX infrastructure is reverse causal – the plan creates broader nuclear cooperation
Sokova ’10
Elena, research associate at the Monterey Institute of International Studies “Plutonium Disposition”, NTI, 9-16-2010, http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/plutonium-disposition-14/
To ensure the plutonium subject to disposition is irreversibly removed from use in nuclear weapons
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the existence of an operational infrastructure for MOX fuel fabrication makes this possible.
Plutonium cooperation is vital – all other agreements are focused on arms reductions but don’t address weapons-grade material
Clinton and Lavrov ’10
Secretary of State and Russian Foreign Minister, “Signing of the Plutonium Disposition Protocol”, Mission of the United States Geneva Switzerland, 4-13-2010, http://geneva.usmission.gov/2010/04/14/signing-pmda/
SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, good afternoon, and let me state the obvious.
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and I join the Secretary in thanking the teams which negotiated this agreement.
Nuclear cooperation spills up – creates the momentum for integrated responses to future threats
Luongo ‘07
Kenneth N., executive director of the Russian-American Nuclear Security Advisory Council “Improving U.S.-Russian Nuclear Cooperation”, Partnership for Global Security, 2007, http://www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/publications/Articles%20and%20Commentary/improving_nuc_coop.html
Expediting fissile material disposition and elimination. Although programs that support the disposal of excess
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in fighting future threats is what the United States and Russia truly seek.
That solves nuclear war
Allison and Blackwill 11
Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs 10-30, "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters"http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html
That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S
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.S. success, or failure, in advancing our national interests.
Even absent the broader relationship, nuclear cooperation solves nuclear war
Lukyanov ’11
Fyodor, editor-in-chief of Russia in Global Politics magazine, “Nuclear destruction remains the basis of relations”, The Telegraph, 1-5-2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/opinion/8241050/Nuclear-destruction-remains-the-basis-of-Russia-US-relations.html
When President Dmitry Medvedev warned in his latest state-of-the-nation
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than real since it touches the heart of the problem of strategic stability.
Extinction
Corcoran 9 – PhD, Senior Fellow @ Global Security
Ed, Ph.D., serves as a Senior Fellow on national security issues at GlobalSecurity.org., Frmr. Strategic Analyst at the US Army War College where he chaired studies for the Office of the Deputy Chief of Operations and member of the National Advisory Board for the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues, we win the qualification game, April 21, http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/090421301-strategic-nuclear-targets.htm
That brings us to Russia, our former main adversary, now a competitive partner
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greatly complicate any efforts to stop escalation short of a total nuclear exchange.
Converting plutonium to MOX solves nuclear terrorism
Reilly '12
Bill, Bill Reilly, a retired colonel, formerly headed the U.S. Army's reactor program., "MOX offers a nuclear power boost," 7/1/12, updated 1/29/13 www.columbiatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/mox-offers-a-nuclear-power-boost/article_4075b9c4-bd1c-5f22-99fb-0783224782cf.html#.USFCOOi1nn4
As the Cold War receded, the United States and Russia reached a historic agreement
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making the world a safer place by reducing the risk of nuclear proliferation.
Top security analysts agree that the threat is real
Ogilvie-White 6 – PhD, senior lecturer in the School of Social and Political Sciences, teaching on the subjects of foreign policy and international organisations
“Preventing Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism: Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia,” http://www.issr.uq.edu.au/sites/default/files/1%20-%20Preventing%20Nuclear%20and%20Radiological%20Terrorism%20-%20Nuclear%20Security%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf
In the worst-case scenario – the theft and detonation of an intact nuclear
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security analysts have called it the most¶ serious threat facing the world.
Terrorists have motivation
Ogilvie-White 6 – PhD, senior lecturer in the School of Social and Political Sciences, teaching on the subjects of foreign policy and international organisations
“Preventing Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism: Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia,” http://www.issr.uq.edu.au/sites/default/files/1%20-%20Preventing%20Nuclear%20and%20Radiological%20Terrorism%20-%20Nuclear%20Security%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf
In June 2004, Mohamed ElBaradei, the usually circumspect Director General of the ¶
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¶ injected a new sense of urgency to an already highly charged debate.
Cutting access to fissile material from Russian facilities is key
Conolly ’12
Catherine, MA candidate at King’s College London, “The Threat To The West From Soviet Nukes”, 2-12-2012, http://theriskyshift.com/2012/02/threat-to-west-from-soviet-nukes-html/#ixzz28GLMDMoR
Fissile Materials Russia produces the world’s largest stockpile of weapons-grade plutonium and highly
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of tactical nuclear weapons being stolen or sold is little cause for comfort.
Nuclear terrorism from Russian stocks leads to retaliation and extinction
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
Even absent an attack on the US, an attack on Russia leads to retaliation against the US – guarantees escalation
Dunlop and Smith ‘06
William, scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories and Harold, distinguished visiting scholar and professor at the Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California at Berkeley, “Who did it? Using international forensics to detect and deter nuclear terrorism,” Arms Control Today, October 1, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2006_10/CVRForensics
Among these, Moscow perhaps presents the most compelling case for international cooperation on post
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the United States following the 1996 TWA Flight 800 airline disaster.5
Moscow strike activates the doomsday machins – makes nuclear war inevitable
CNANW ‘09
Canadian Network to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, “Questions and Answers on "RLOAD" and De-alerting”, http://www.web.net/~cnanw/index.htm
On the Russian side, command of nuclear weapons is said to be very centralized
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of Perimetr is better described in our recent paper "Replace LoW Policy"
Extinction
Rosenbaum ‘07
Ron, award winning journalist and author, “The Return of the Doomsday Machine?”, 8/31/2007, Slate Magazine, http://www.slate.com/id/2173108/pagenum/all/
In Strangelove, the doomsday machine was a Soviet system that automatically detonated some 50
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It went fully operational in January 1985. It is still in place."
Credible arms control solves an Artic Nuclear Weapons Free Zone
Wallace and Staples ’10
Michael Wallace, Professor Emeritus, political science, University of British Columbia and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and Stephen Staples, Executive Director, Rideau Institute and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and author of a book on missile defense, “Ridding the Artic of Nuclear Weapons: A Task Long Overdue”, March 2010
Might there be other reasons for the Russians to abandon their Northern Fleet bases?
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answer, one way or the other, in the next few months.
That prevents Arctic war
Wallace and Staples ’10
Michael Wallace, Professor Emeritus, political science, University of British Columbia and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and Stephen Staples, Executive Director, Rideau Institute and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and author of a book on missile defense, “Ridding the Artic of Nuclear Weapons: A Task Long Overdue”, March 2010
Most of the preceding discussion – and indeed, nearly all discussion of the problems
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to assure the well-being of the oft-neglected original inhabitants.
Cooperation prevents an aggressive Russian military posture
Trent ‘11
Packard C. Lieutenant, United States Navy B.S., United States Merchant Marine Academy, 2003 “AN EVALUATION OF THE ARCTIC—WILL IT BECOME AN AREA OF COOPERATION OR CONFLICT?” Naval Postgraduate School March 2011 http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2011/March/11Mar_Trent.pdf
D. CONCLUSION This chapter has examined counterarguments to the proposition that Arctic will become
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peacefully with all sides in agreement, the potential for conflict will remain.
US-Russian Arctic conflict goes nuclear
Cohen ‘10
Ariel Senior Research Fellow for Russian and Eurasian Studies and International Energy Policy, The Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies “From Russian Competition to Natural Resources Access: Recasting U.S. Arctic Policy” The Heritage Foundation 6/15/10 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/06/from-russian-competition-to-natural-resources-access-recasting-us-arctic-policy
To advance its position, Russia has undertaken a three-year mission to map
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, Russia backtracked and began to seek foreign investors for Arctic gas development.
Traditional defense doesn’t apply to an Arctic security dilemma
Golts 11 – independent Russian military analyst
Alexander, Russia in the Arctic, “THE ARCTIC: A CLASH OF INTERESTS OR CLASH OF AMBITIONS,” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB1073.pdf
Unfortunately, the absence of rational reasons for the confrontation over Arctic access does not
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in order to defend the Russian Federation’s national interests in the region.” 22 2
MOX disposition is modeled by India and Pakistan
Zarate 9 - research fellow at NPEC as well as a legislative fellow at the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation and Trade
Robert, “Zarate on U.S. and Russian Plutonium Management,” Non-Proliferation Education Policy Center, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=253andrid=1
U.S. and Russian stockpiles only account for roughly half of the estimated
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as a feasible and safe fuel for future civil nuclear powergeneration.
Solves Pakistan loose nuclear material
Ijaz 1 – *Mansoor, a nuclear scientist, is chairman of Crescent Investment Management in New York; his father was an early pioneer in Pakistan's nuclear program AND R. James Woolsey, an attorney, was director of central intelligence from 1993 to 1995
“How Secure Is Pakistan's Plutonium?,” NYT, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/28/opinion/28WOOL.html
A deeply disturbing picture of terrorist intent has emerged in recent weeks as blueprints for
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is hard to think of two developments that are less in our interest. A new terrorist attack leads to India-Pakistan nuclear war
Imonti 12 – Analyst @ National Interest, retired director of a private equity firm where he was an investment strategist for seven years
Felix, “Is Pakistan's Paranoia Pushing it Into a Nuclear War with India?,” http://www.unknowncountry.com/insight/pakistans-paranoia-pushing-it-nuclear-war-india
The high command has concluded that the only equalizer for the weaker of the competitors
AND
survival of South Asia and far beyond will be depending on that decision.
Other security systems are insufficient
Bunn ‘12 – Matthew, Professor of Public Policy @ Harvard, AND Eben Harrell, Research Associate at the Project on Managing the Atom in the Belfer Center
“Consolidation: Thwarting Nuclear Theft,” http://www.nuclearsummit.org/files/Consolidation_Thwarting_Nuclear_Theft.pdf
Sites in areas where the adversary threat is especially high. While terrorist groups such
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have higher priority in consolidation ¶ eff orts than stocks in other countries.
This is the highest magnitude
Case 11 – MBA @ Sasin Institute
David, “Is Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal vulnerable to terrorists?,” Global Post, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/pakistan/110612/pakistan-nuclear-arsenal-terrorists-plutonium
The stakes couldn’t be much higher. Pakistan is volatile cocktail of instability, extremism
AND
threats, and the Obama administration lacks options to do much about it.
Deterrence won’t check – terrorism disrupts conventional norms
Sharma 12 – Professor PolSci at University of Auckland
Ashok, Winter/Spring, “The Enduring Conflict and the Hidden Risk of India-Pakistan War” SAIS Review, Vol 32 No 1, ProjectMuse
Despite the diplomatic and political initiatives and confidence-building measures to better the Indo
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military leaders and may thereby encourage Pakistan to flex its military muscle against India Terrorist attack escalates – goes nuclear, no restraints
Zarate 11 - research fellow at NPEC as well as a legislative fellow at the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation and Trade
Robert, “An alarming South Asia powder keg”, Washington Post, February 18, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021805662.html
In 1914, a terrorist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo - unleashing geopolitical forces
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for broader geopolitical crises may be the greatest threat we face from terrorism.
Nuclear winter
Fai 1 - Kashmiri American Council
Ghulam Nabi, The Washington Times, “The most dangerous place”, July 8, Lexis
The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical
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winter threatening the entire globe. The United States would enjoy no sanctuary. Major powers get drawn in
Caldicott 2 - Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility and Nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize
Helen, “The New Nuclear Danger: George W. Bush’s Military-Industrial Complex”, p. xiii
The use of Pakistani nuclear weapons could trigger a chain reaction. Nuclear-armed India, an ancient enemy could respond in kind. China, India’s hated foe, could react if India used her nuclear weapons, triggering a nuclear holocaust on the subcontinent. If any of either Russia or America’s 2,250 strategic weapons on hair-trigger alert were launched either accidentally or purposefully in response, nuclear winter would ensue, meaning the end of most life on earth. Solvency
TVA adoption solves the treaty and jump-starts utility use of MOX in the US
Wolfe '12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy's Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Article" The Greenville News, Greenville, SC, 8/10/12www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm#GN1208
As the need for nuclear power grows, we must pursue serious efforts toward converting
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nuclear waste for each unit of energy will be reduced by 50 percent.
Commercialization key – otherwise South Carolina will shut down the SRS
Bunn '07
Matthew Bunn is a senior research associate in the Managing the Atom project at Harvard
AND
, www.armscontrol.org/act/2007_04/Bunn
A wide range of other obstacles have contributed to these slowing schedules and escalating costs
AND
substantial fines to the state if it does not meet plutonium disposition deadlines. MOX has been used globally for four decades
AREVA 13
“TRANSPORT OF MOX FUEL FROM EUROPE TO JAPAN,” http://www.areva.com/EN/operations-1391/transport-of-mox-fuel-from-europe-to-japan-the-stakes.html
MOX fuel is a conventional nuclear fuel made up of a mixture of uranium and
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MOX fuel in terms of safety, performance, and manufacturing is excellent. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
Procurement 2AC – Cznikota (nonfinancial incentive)
A. The Czinkota evidence says financial incentives include “providing land or buildings.” Later in the book it says overseas assignments are topical.
Czinkota et al, 2009
Associate Professor, McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University, Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 324
Foreign Service Premium A financial incentive to accept an assignment overseas, usually paid as a percentage of the base salary. 3. Counter-Interpretation: “Financial incentives for energy production” must directly target and monetize produced energy. We meet this; the plan is a payment for MOX.
Doris, 2012
Elizabeth Doris, researcher at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, “Policy Building Blocks: Helping Policymakers Determine Policy Staging for the Development of Distributed PV Markets,” Paper to be presented at the 2012 World Renewable Energy Forum, 5/13-5/17, nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/54801.pdf
3. POLICY FRAMEWORK¶ ¶ The purpose of using policy tools in supporting the
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of the electricity to the grid or the value to the electricity purchaser.
5. Financial incentives include procurement—their interp. allows INDIRECT tax credits, loans, etc.
Webb, 1993
sessional lecture – Faculty of Law @ University of Ottawa, ’93 (Kernaghan, 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501)
One of the obstacles to intelligent discussion of this topic is the tremendous potential for
AND
In effect, these programs are assistance, but they are not incentives. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
2AC T – USFG
It’s a federal entity – their author
EIP ‘09
Environmental Integrity Project, Outside the Law RestoRing AccountAbility to the tennessee VAlley AuthoRity, http://www.environmentalintegrity.org/pdf/newsreports/EIP_TVA_Report_FINAL.pdf
Given TVA’s potentially massive ¶ financial liabilities due to its ownership ¶ of nearly 3
AND
credit ¶ rating far superior to its competitors (see ¶ Figure 1).
We meet – TVA is a federal agency
--federal agency w/ board members appointed by President and Congress
--GAO, OMB and Treasury oversight
--their financial statements are included in Treasury statements
--subject to the Government Performance and Review Act
TVA ‘12
“Budget Proposal and Management Agenda, http://www.tva.com/abouttva/pdf/budget_proposal_2013.pdf
TVA is a government-owned corporation and federal agency, and its mission is
AND
Electric ¶ Reliability Corporation and the industry based Institute of Nuclear Power Operations.
Counterinterpretation – USFG includes federal agencies and bureaus
Black’s Law Dictionary ‘90
Henry BLACK (Ed.) BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY, 90, p. 695
“Government In the United States, government consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches in addition to administrative agencies. In a broader sense, includes the federal government and all its agencies and bureaus, state and county governments, and city and township governments.” Federal government doesn’t mean all three branches—individual branches or agencies act in the name of it—grammatically correct
Chicago 7 (University of Chicago Manual of Style, “Capitalization, Titles”, http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/CapitalizationTitles/ CapitalizationTitles30.html)
Q. When I refer to the government of the United States in text, should it be US Federal Government or US federal government?
A. The government of the United States is not a single official entity. Nor is it when it is referred to as the federal government or the US government or the US federal government. It’s just a government, which, like those in all countries, has some official bodies that act and operate in the name of government: the Congress, the Senate, the Department of State, etc. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
123
US won’t push and negotiations won’t alter other countries’ calculations
HORNER 12 editor of Arms Control Today
Daniel Horner, Officials Spell Out Nuclear Trade Policy, Arms Control Today » March 2012 » Officials Spell Out Nuclear Trade Policy, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2012_03/Officials_Spell_Out_Nuclear_Trade_Policy
The Obama administration will not adopt a policy of insisting that countries renounce uranium enrichment
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by all as little more than a pro forma exercise,” she wrote. US won’t push the gold standard
Lugar 12
Richard G. Lugar, former member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and coauthor of the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program, 2/21/12, Obama's Nuclear Misstep, nationalinterest.org/commentary/obamas-nuclear-mistake-6548
However, the United States and the United Arab Emirates took an important joint step
AND
means there will be few cases in which we shall see its return.
MOX won’t lead to reprocessing – PMDA solves
Sokova '10
Elena, Research Associate at Monterey Institute of International Studies, "Plutonium Disposition," 9/16/10 www.nti.org/analysis/articles/plutonium-disposition-14/
Critics of the fast-reactor option have highlighted the potential for these reactors to
AND
the terms and conditions of the September 2000 agreement and the 2010 protocol.
Proliferation impacts are empirically denied – your authors are alarmists
Krepon 9
Michael. Co-Founder of the Henry L. Stimson Center, a Diplomat Scholar at the University of Virginia, and the author of Better Safe Than Sorry: The Ironies of Living With the Bomb. "The mushroom cloud that wasn't: why inflating threats won't reduce them." Foreign Affairs 88.3 (May-June 2009).
Today, as was the case during the Cold War, there is no shortage
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are insufficient; reducing the nuclear threat requires success over the long haul. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
2AC Consult Russia
Consultations and incentives can't solve because major powers don't agree on rules, and it leads to ineffective policy
Haass 99 (Richard N. Haass, Chair in International Security at the Brooking Institutions “What to do with American Primacy?”, American Future, http://americanfuture.net/?page_id=139)
Still, consultations alone--even consultations buttressed by incentives-will not bring about
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guaranteeing only inaction or a lowest common denominator and hence ineffective foreign policy. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
2AC Michigan Prolif Assessment CP
b) Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory
Words and Phrases 2
Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for sawmill industry providing that a two by
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2d 839, 193 Or. 556. ---Labor and Emp. 2857 No utility will invest in upgrading nuclear plants – the federal government needs to show its commitment
Gale et al. ‘9
FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL and STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale,* Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason * Kelley Michael Gale is the Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups. He has thirty years of experience representing private and public sector clients in the development, regulation, and financing of alternative energy projects and capital intensive infrastructure projects. The co-authors are attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of Latham and Watkins LLP or its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009
Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face
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it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
2AC
U.S. hegemonic decline does not cause conflict or result in a power vacuum – empirically proven.
Fettweis 10--assistant professor of political science @ Tulane
Christopher, Survival, Volume 52, Issue 2, April
One potential explanation for the growth of global peace can be dismissed fairly quickly:
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to reach the conclusion that world peace and US military expenditure are unrelated. TVA initiated major new nuclear investments Wednesday
The Chattanoogan 2/20
"TVA, BandW Sign Small Modular Reactor Agreement Under DOE Program," 2/20/13 www.chattanoogan.com/2013/2/20/244843/TVA-BW-Sign-Small-Modular-Reactor.aspx
The Tennessee Valley Authority and Babcock and Wilcox announced Wednesday a major step in their
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fund as much as 50 percent of the cost of design and licensing. Obama pushing alternative fuels now, causes fights
Spangler 3/15
Todd, "President pushes $2B alternative-fuel research fund," 3/15/13 www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/driveon/2013/03/15/obama-alternative-fuels-energy-research-fund/1991427/
WASHINGTON – President Barack Obama is in Chicago today, talking up the need for
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bankruptcy reorganization last fall and is being sold primarily to a Chinese company.
Gun Control Thumps
NYT 3/28
Jeremy W. Peters and Peter Baker, "Months After Massacre, Obama Seeks to Regain Momentum on Gun Laws," 3/28/13 www.nytimes.com/2013/03/29/us/politics/obama-makes-impassioned-plea-for-gun-control.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0
WASHINGTON — With resistance to tougher gun laws stiffening in Congress, a visibly frustrated
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agendas on how to combat gun violence.No CIR – wages dispute and Wont pass
Nakamura 3/28
David, Washington Post Politics, "Dispute over guest-worker program puts immigration talks at risk of delay," 3/28/13 www.washingtonpost.com/politics/dispute-over-guest-worker-program-puts-immigration-talks-at-risk/2013/03/28/d68bee2c-96ee-11e2-814b-063623d80a60_story.html
A worsening dispute over a new guest-worker program has emerged as the most
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, who are attempting to fashion model legislation for a broad immigration overhaul.
TVA avoids the link to politics
Barker 9 - reporter for the Knoxville News Sentinel
Scott, “Tennessee Gets a Lesson in Unaccountable Government,” WSJ, Proquest
The problem is that it isn't really accountable to anyone. It is not scrutinized
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to a cabinet official. In practice, TVA reports to no one.
Even if it doesn’t, the public loves it
Jenkins-Smith et al 12
Hank C. Jenkins-Smith, Carol L. Silva, Kerry G. Herron, Sarah R. Trousset, and Rob P. Rechard, “Enhancing the Acceptability and Credibility of a Repository for Spent Nuclear Fuel”, National Academy of Engineering of the National Academies, The Bridge on Managing Nuclear Waste, Summer 2012, Volume 42, Number 2, http://www.nae.edu/Publications/Bridge/59220/59232.aspx
The effects of combining a repository with a reprocessing facility are shown in Table 2
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), thus attaching resource value to SNF, prospects for public acceptance improve.
Popularity key
NYT ‘10
NYT (blog) 8/5/10 (8/5/10, " A Broken Senate, or an Unpopular Agenda? ", http://douthat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/05/a-broken-senate-or-an-unpopular-agenda/)
In a recent bloggingheads conversation with Matt Yglesias, I tried to make the point
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many is the Obama agenda on the wrong side of public opinion altogether?
Executive action solves
Lillis 2/16
Mike, Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform, 2/16/13, The Hill, http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform
President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event Congress doesn't reach a comprehensive deal this year, according to several House Democratic leaders. While the Democrats are hoping Congress will preclude any executive action by enacting reforms legislatively, they say the administration has the tools to move unilaterally if the bipartisan talks on Capitol Hill break down. Furthermore, they say, Obama stands poised to use them.
Winners win – PC is a false concept
Hirsh 2/7
Michael, chief correspondent, There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital, 2/7/13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
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change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect.” 1AR
Transition wars will not occur – the international system is coalition-based, it is not a dyadic transition and international law solves.
Ikenberry ’11 – Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton
G. John Ikenberry, the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University. “A World of Our Making”. Democracy A Journal of Ideas. Issue #21, Summer 2011. http://www.democracyjournal.org/21/a-world-of-our-making-1.php?page=1
A second feature of this order is the coalition-based character of its leadership
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and reassurance will lead China deeper into the existing order rather than away from it.
1AR Link
TVA can make this decision independently
NNSA 12
MOX Program Questions and Answers, Google.doc 13.Is TVA under contract with DOE to irradiate MOX fuel?
No. DOE and
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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), a government agency independent from both DOE and TVA. 1AR Yes XO
Obama will XO
Kumar 3-24
Anita, “In face of hostile Congress, Obama orders in agenda,” Detroit Free Press, http://www.freep.com/article/20130324/NEWS15/303240348/In-face-of-hostile-Congress-Obama-orders-in-agenda President Barack Obama came into office four years ago, skeptical of pushing the power of
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supporters and even members of Congress are lobbying him to do so more and more.
Precedent / Obama Will
Obama will issue XOs in the face of Congressional intransigence
Davenport 1-16
David, “President Obama's Executive Power End Run Around The Constitution,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddavenport/2013/01/16/president-obamas-executive-power-end-run-around-the-constitution/
Consider his use of executive orders. There’s no real Constitutional authority for these,
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runs and a power grab by a frustrated and legacy-driven president. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
Neolib K
Framework We should evaluate consequences
Isaac ‘2—Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington
Jeffery C., Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest.
As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
Economic growth and analysis are necessary for any impact framework – risk assessment is necessary to avoid catastrophe
Barnhizer, 6
David, Prof of Law, Cleveland State U, ‘Waking from Sustainability's "Impossible Dream”,’ Geo Int’l Envtl L Rev, pg. l/n
The scale of social needs, including the need for expanded productive activity, has
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then it will only be a respite before the pattern once again intensifies.
Neoliberalism makes war and conflict less likely.
Obhof ‘3 – J.D. from Yale Law School
Larry J. Obhof, J.D., Yale Law School, 2003; B.A., Ohio University, 2000. “WHY GLOBALIZATION? A LOOK AT GLOBAL CAPITALISM AND ITS EFFECTS”. University of Florida Journal of Law and Public Policy. Fall 2003. Lexis.
Perhaps the strongest argument in favor of global capitalism is based on another "externality
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growth and aware of the consequences of its actions, remains in check.
Neoliberalism improves human welfare.
Gerring and Thacker ‘8 – Professors of Political Science and IR @ Boston University
John Gerring, Boston University Department of Political Science and Strom C. Thacker, Boston University Department of International Relations. “Do Neoliberal Economic Policies Kill or Save Lives?”. Bussiness and Politics Volume 10, Issue 3 2008. http://people.bu.edu/jgerring/documents/IMRpolicy.pdf
While far from exhaustive, the robustness tests undertaken in this study suggest that the
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performance, a contentions topic that lies beyond the scope of this study. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: MSU GT | Judge: DTRIP ’12
Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program, "Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement", 2012, http://dtirp.dtra.mil/tic/synopses/pmda.aspx
The Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA), ~long title: Agreement Between
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finished, including a new electrical substation which was completed in September 2010. Wolfe ’12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Column" The Augustana Chronicles, Augustana GA, 11/18/12 www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Clinton administration made treaty obligations with
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that mankind can make decisions of this importance and actually pull them off. Any waste alternative devastates all nuclear cooperation – violates reciprocity and forces the treaty open for future changesWolfe ’11
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, " "July 6, 2011¶ Letter/column in¶ The Augusta Chronicle - Augusta GA¶ Examine big picture of MOX mission " www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
I would like to first consider his reference to cost vs. the alternative.
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name of tight budgets would be penny-wise and pound-foolish. Wolfe 2/17
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Too much is at stake to throw MOX nuclear project into jeopardy," 2/17/13 m.chronicle.augusta.com/opinion/opinion-columns/2013-02-17/too-much-stake-throw-mox-nuclear-project-jeopardy
In any event, it is reckless and foolish to talk about terminating the program
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It’s going to take decades – and continued investments – to dismantle them." Sokova ’10
Elena, research associate at the Monterey Institute of International Studies "Plutonium Disposition", NTI, 9-16-2010, http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/plutonium-disposition-14/
To ensure the plutonium subject to disposition is irreversibly removed from use in nuclear weapons
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the existence of an operational infrastructure for MOX fuel fabrication makes this possible. Clinton and Lavrov ’10
Secretary of State and Russian Foreign Minister, "Signing of the Plutonium Disposition Protocol", Mission of the United States Geneva Switzerland, 4-13-2010, http://geneva.usmission.gov/2010/04/14/signing-pmda/
SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, good afternoon, and let me state the obvious.
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and I join the Secretary in thanking the teams which negotiated this agreement. Luongo ’07
Kenneth N., executive director of the Russian-American Nuclear Security Advisory Council "Improving U.S.-Russian Nuclear Cooperation", Partnership for Global Security, 2007, http://www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/publications/Articles%20and%20Commentary/improving_nuc_coop.html
Expediting fissile material disposition and elimination. Although programs that support the disposal of excess
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in fighting future threats is what the United States and Russia truly seek. Allison and Blackwill 11
~Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs 10-30, "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters"http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html~~
That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S
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.S. success, or failure, in advancing our national interests. Gearan ’13
(Anne, "Sour U.S.-Russia Relations Threaten Obama’s Foreign Policy Agenda", IRIB World Service, 1-15-2013, http://english.irib.ir/voj/analyses/commentaries/item/84492-sour-us-russia-relations-threaten-obama)**
A poisonous unraveling of U.S. relations with Russia in recent months represents
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areas of cooperation, despite genial relations with Putin’s predecessor, Dmitry Medvedev. Declining relations causes nuclear war – makes miscalculation more likely and deterrence doesn’t checkBarrett et al ’13 – researchers at various risk think tanks
(Anthony M. Barrett, Seth D. Baum, and Kelly R. Hostletler, prominent members/researchers at the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia, and the Department of Geography at Penn State, "Analyzing and Reducing the Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War Between the United States¶ and Russia", forthcoming in Science and Global Security. This version dated 6 January 2013.)
War involving significant fractions of the U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals,
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likely to misinterpret events as attacks.¶ 60,61,62,63 Lukyanov ’11
Fyodor, editor-in-chief of Russia in Global Politics magazine, "Nuclear destruction remains the basis of relations", The Telegraph, 1-5-2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/opinion/8241050/Nuclear-destruction-remains-the-basis-of-Russia-US-relations.html
When President Dmitry Medvedev warned in his latest state-of-the-nation
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than real since it touches the heart of the problem of strategic stability. Corcoran 9 – PhD, Senior Fellow @ Global Security
Ed, Ph.D., serves as a Senior Fellow on national security issues at GlobalSecurity.org., Frmr. Strategic Analyst at the US Army War College where he chaired studies for the Office of the Deputy Chief of Operations and member of the National Advisory Board for the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues, we win the qualification game, April 21, http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/090421301-strategic-nuclear-targets.htm
That brings us to Russia, our former main adversary, now a competitive partner
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greatly complicate any efforts to stop escalation short of a total nuclear exchange. Reilly ’12
Bill, Bill Reilly, a retired colonel, formerly headed the U.S. Army’s reactor program., "MOX offers a nuclear power boost," 7/1/12, updated 1/29/13 www.columbiatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/mox-offers-a-nuclear-power-boost/article_4075b9c4-bd1c-5f22-99fb-0783224782cf.html~%23.USFCOOi1nn4
As the Cold War receded, the United States and Russia reached a historic agreement
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making the world a safer place by reducing the risk of nuclear proliferation. Ogilvie-White 6 – PhD, senior lecturer in the School of Social and Political Sciences, teaching on the subjects of foreign policy and international organisations
"Preventing Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism: Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia," http://www.issr.uq.edu.au/sites/default/files/1%20-%20Preventing%20Nuclear%20and%20Radiological%20Terrorism%20-%20Nuclear%20Security%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf
In the worst-case scenario – the theft and detonation of an intact nuclear
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security analysts have called it the most¶ serious threat facing the world. Ogilvie-White 6 – PhD, senior lecturer in the School of Social and Political Sciences, teaching on the subjects of foreign policy and international organisations
"Preventing Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism: Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia," http://www.issr.uq.edu.au/sites/default/files/1%20-%20Preventing%20Nuclear%20and%20Radiological%20Terrorism%20-%20Nuclear%20Security%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf
In June 2004, Mohamed ElBaradei, the usually circumspect Director General of the ¶
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¶ injected a new sense of urgency to an already highly charged debate. Conolly ’12
Catherine, MA candidate at King’s College London, "The Threat To The West From Soviet Nukes", 2-12-2012, http://theriskyshift.com/2012/02/threat-to-west-from-soviet-nukes-html/~~%23ixzz28GLMDMoR
Fissile Materials Russia produces the world’s largest stockpile of weapons-grade plutonium and highly
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of tactical nuclear weapons being stolen or sold is little cause for comfort. Nuclear terrorism from Russian stocks leads to retaliation and extinctionAyson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict %26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response. Dunlop and Smith ’06
William, scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories and Harold, distinguished visiting scholar and professor at the Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California at Berkeley, "Who did it? Using international forensics to detect and deter nuclear terrorism," Arms Control Today, October 1, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2006_10/CVRForensics
Among these, Moscow perhaps presents the most compelling case for international cooperation on post
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the United States following the 1996 TWA Flight 800 airline disaster.~5~ CNANW ’09
Canadian Network to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, "Questions and Answers on "RLOAD" and De-alerting", http://www.web.net/~~cnanw/index.htm
On the Russian side, command of nuclear weapons is said to be very centralized
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of Perimetr is better described in our recent paper "Replace LoW Policy"~ Rosenbaum ’07
Ron, award winning journalist and author, "The Return of the Doomsday Machine?", 8/31/2007, Slate Magazine, http://www.slate.com/id/2173108/pagenum/all/
In Strangelove, the doomsday machine was a Soviet system that automatically detonated some 50
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It went fully operational in January 1985. It is still in place." MOX disposition is modeled by India and PakistanZarate 9 - research fellow at NPEC as well as a legislative fellow at the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation and Trade
Robert, "Zarate on U.S. and Russian Plutonium Management," Non-Proliferation Education Policy Center, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=253%26rid=1
U.S. and Russian stockpiles only account for roughly half of the estimated
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as a feasible and safe fuel for future civil nuclear powergeneration. Ijaz 1 – *Mansoor, a nuclear scientist, is chairman of Crescent Investment Management in New York; his father was an early pioneer in Pakistan’s nuclear program AND R. James Woolsey, an attorney, was director of central intelligence from 1993 to 1995
"How Secure Is Pakistan’s Plutonium?," NYT, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/28/opinion/28WOOL.html
A deeply disturbing picture of terrorist intent has emerged in recent weeks as blueprints for
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is hard to think of two developments that are less in our interest. Imonti 12 – Analyst @ National Interest, retired director of a private equity firm where he was an investment strategist for seven years
Felix, "Is Pakistan’s Paranoia Pushing it Into a Nuclear War with India?," http://www.unknowncountry.com/insight/pakistans-paranoia-pushing-it-nuclear-war-india
The high command has concluded that the only equalizer for the weaker of the competitors
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survival of South Asia and far beyond will be depending on that decision. Bunn ’12 – Matthew, Professor of Public Policy @ Harvard, AND Eben Harrell, Research Associate at the Project on Managing the Atom in the Belfer Center
"Consolidation: Thwarting Nuclear Theft," http://www.nuclearsummit.org/files/Consolidation_Thwarting_Nuclear_Theft.pdf
Sites in areas where the adversary threat is especially high. While terrorist groups such
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have higher priority in consolidation ¶ eff orts than stocks in other countries. Case 11 – MBA @ Sasin Institute
David, "Is Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal vulnerable to terrorists?," Global Post, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/pakistan/110612/pakistan-nuclear-arsenal-terrorists-plutonium
The stakes couldn’t be much higher. Pakistan is volatile cocktail of instability, extremism
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threats, and the Obama administration lacks options to do much about it. Sharma 12 – Professor PolSci at University of Auckland
Ashok, Winter/Spring, "The Enduring Conflict and the Hidden Risk of India-Pakistan War" SAIS Review, Vol 32 No 1, ProjectMuse
Despite the diplomatic and political initiatives and confidence-building measures to better the Indo
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military leaders and may thereby encourage Pakistan to flex its military muscle against India Zarate 11 - research fellow at NPEC as well as a legislative fellow at the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation and Trade
Robert, "An alarming South Asia powder keg", Washington Post, February 18, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021805662.html
In 1914, a terrorist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo - unleashing geopolitical forces
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for broader geopolitical crises may be the greatest threat we face from terrorism. Fai 1- Kashmiri American Council
Ghulam Nabi, The Washington Times, "The most dangerous place", July 8, Lexis
The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical
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winter threatening the entire globe. The United States would enjoy no sanctuary. Caldicott 2 - Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility and Nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize
Helen, "The New Nuclear Danger: George W. Bush’s Military-Industrial Complex", p. xiii
The use of Pakistani nuclear weapons could trigger a chain reaction. Nuclear-armed India, an ancient enemy could respond in kind. China, India’s hated foe, could react if India used her nuclear weapons, triggering a nuclear holocaust on the subcontinent. If any of either Russia or America’s 2,250 strategic weapons on hair-trigger alert were launched either accidentally or purposefully in response, nuclear winter would ensue, meaning the end of most life on earth. TVA adoption solves the treaty and jump-starts utility use of MOX in the USWolfe ’12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Article" The Greenville News, Greenville, SC, 8/10/12www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
As the need for nuclear power grows, we must pursue serious efforts toward converting
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nuclear waste for each unit of energy will be reduced by 50 percent. Bunn ’07
Matthew Bunn is a senior research associate in the Managing the Atom project at Harvard
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, www.armscontrol.org/act/2007_04/Bunn
A wide range of other obstacles have contributed to these slowing schedules and escalating costs
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substantial fines to the state if it does not meet plutonium disposition deadlines. AREVA 13
"TRANSPORT OF MOX FUEL FROM EUROPE TO JAPAN," http://www.areva.com/EN/operations-1391/transport-of-mox-fuel-from-europe-to-japan-the-stakes.html
MOX fuel is a conventional nuclear fuel made up of a mixture of uranium and
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MOX fuel in terms of safety, performance, and manufacturing is excellent. MOX well-established and safeReilly ’12
Bill, Bill Reilly, a retired colonel, formerly headed the U.S. Army’s reactor program., "MOX offers a nuclear power boost," 7/1/12, updated 1/29/13 www.columbiatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/mox-offers-a-nuclear-power-boost/article_4075b9c4-bd1c-5f22-99fb-0783224782cf.html~%23.USFCOOi1nn4
The TVA reactors, however, would not be the first nuclear power plants to
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fuel in the core, essentially a lower-plutonium version of MOX. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: MSU GT | Judge: We meet- reprocessing cycle and MOX produces energy.Blaylock ’02
Wayne, Ph.D. Candidate at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, "Addressing Proliferation Concerns for a New Generation: A Study of the Generation-IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative and its Relation to National Non-proliferation Goals," http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2002/wayneblaylock.pdf)
In a partial recycle fuel cycle, a fraction of the used fuel is reprocessed
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induce more efficient fissions across a wide isotopic range than do slow neutrons. COAG ’09
Department of Climate Change on behalf of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Expert Group on Streamlining Greenhouse and Energy Reporting, "national Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Streamlining Protocol," http://www.climatechange.gov.au/~~/media/publications/greenhouse-report/nger-streamlining-protocol.pdf)
’Energy production’ is defined in NGER Regulation 2.23: Production of energy
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the facility or for use other than in the operation of the facility. Webb, 1993
sessional lecture – Faculty of Law @ University of Ottawa, ’93 (Kernaghan, 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501)
One of the obstacles to intelligent discussion of this topic is the tremendous potential for
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In effect, these programs are assistance, but they are not incentives. WTO, ’98
(Secretariat, "ENERGY SERVICES, Background Note by the Secretariat" Council for Trade in Services, 9/9
*THEIR CARD BEGINS* 7. A major difficulty in identifying energy services is
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to the¶ identification of energy services as distinct form energy goods.1
8. Some energy products clearly fall in the goods category. This is the
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countries do not regard it as a commodity but as a service.4
4 Regarding the issue of whether electricity was a commodity subject to the GATT or should be¶ considered a services, see also A. Plourde (1990), "Canada’s international obligations in energy and the Free-Trade Agreement with the United States," 24(5) Journal of World Trade, 35 at 36; and Jackson, World Trade¶ and the Law of GATT: a legal analysis of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, at 745.
9. In spite of the element of uncertainty regarding electricity, it seems generally
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energy related services rather than energy¶ services. *THEIR CARD ENDS* Our interpretation is best- Incentives tied to production locks-in stable NEG ground, and AFFs based in the lit with a USFG key warrant. AFF flex is best; NEG has condo and gets more leeway.Err AFF on topicality. Offense/defense encourages arbitrary lines, creates a race to the bottom, and crowds-out substance.MIT ’11
("The Future of Nuclear Power", Chapter 4 – Fuel Cycles, 2011, http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/pdf/nuclearpower-ch4-9.pdf-http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/pdf/nuclearpower-ch4-9.pdf)
The description of a possible global growth scenario for nuclear power with 1000 or so
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will significantly reduce the long-term radioactivity of the nuclear waste.4 |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: MSU GT | Judge: Framework: The Affirmative should win if the action of the plan is preferable to the status quo or a realistically achievable political alternative. The negative’s interp ( of voting for the team that ) is self-serving and arbitraryWeighing the affirmative is key to fairness– the 1AC is the source of all 2AC offense, most important speech; there are thousands of ways to question our pedagogy, another interp justifies PICing out of one word in the 1AC – that’s infinitely regressiveIsaac ’2—Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington
Jeffery C., Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, "Ends, Means, and Politics," p. Proquest.
As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. Perm do the plan and non mutually exclusive parts of the altnerativePerm do the plan and the alternative in all other instances—its justified -Economic calculations are good – ethics requires choices between competing demands – economics creates a system for stabilizing the demands of the Other as preferences, allowing for ethical dialogue through market competition and negotiationAasland ’9
(Dag, Prof. of Economics @ U of Agder, Norway, Ethics and Economy: After Levinas, pgs. 65-66)
What is original in Levinas compared to other authors who also have defined being a
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, because they have no needs and thus no need to help each other Neoliberalism makes war and conflict less likely.Obhof ’3 – J.D. from Yale Law School
Larry J. Obhof, J.D., Yale Law School, 2003; B.A., Ohio University, 2000. "WHY GLOBALIZATION? A LOOK AT GLOBAL CAPITALISM AND ITS EFFECTS". University of Florida Journal of Law %26 Public Policy. Fall 2003. Lexis. Perhaps the strongest argument in favor of global capitalism is based on another "externality": conflict prevention. Many have speculated that international investment may inhibit conflict by promoting economic growth and interdependence. n145 Conflict becomes relatively less attractive as a country reaches higher levels of economic development. As one ~*117~ scholar put it, "~F~ree trade makes nations too busy and too rich to fight." n146 Increasing economic interdependence compounds this effect. Indeed, the more a country’s economy depends on foreign trade or investment, the more self-damaging it is to engage in aggression. n147 This idea is certainly not new. As Montesquieu penned in 1752: "Peace is the natural effect of trade. Two nations who traffic with each other become reciprocally dependent . . . and thus their union is founded on their mutual necessities." n148 The wisdom of Montesquieu’s statement has become even more apparent in recent years. As the now-famous "Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention" by Thomas Friedman makes clear, there is a point at which the desire of a country for trade and investment restricts the capacity for war-making by its leadership. n149 Economic integration places strong constraints on countries "plugged into the system": investors may withdraw billions of dollars, not merely retarding economic growth, but in some cases dispatching it altogether. Any chance of a conflict is inhibited by the direct investments that natives have in foreign countries, and the investments that foreigners have in the home country. n150 Perhaps the simplicity of this argument makes it easy to dismiss. Its importance is not lost, however, on world leaders. In 1996, as the first fully democratic elections of Taiwan were approaching, columnist Thomas Friedman travelled Beijing to observe the growing tensions between China and Taiwan. China was threatening to invade if Taiwan sought total independence from the mainland. When Friedman interviewed a senior economist from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, he asked if China could in fact afford to attack Taiwan. The economist answered, "No - it would stop investment in China, stop growth, stop our last chance to catch up with the rest of the world." n151 With 20% of its total annual investment ~*118~ coming from foreign sources, and exports to America making up 40% of the total exports of China, the Chinese economy simply could not withstand the shock that a war would cause. The economist was admitting "that China could not attack Taiwan without devastating its own economy." n152 The rest, as they say, is history. Tensions continue, but the Chinese government, eager for growth and aware of the consequences of its actions, remains in check.Gerring and Thacker ’8 – Professors of Political Science and IR @ Boston University
John Gerring, Boston University Department of Political Science and Strom C. Thacker, Boston University Department of International Relations. "Do Neoliberal Economic Policies Kill or Save Lives?". Bussiness and Politics Volume 10, Issue 3 2008. http://people.bu.edu/jgerring/documents/IMRpolicy.pdf While far from exhaustive, the robustness tests undertaken in this study suggest that the main findings are not likely to be an artifact of arbitrary model specifications or estimation techniques. On balance, there appears to be a strong relationship between neoliberal economic policies and improved human welfare, as measured by infant mortality rates. It is important to note that this relationship persists even while controlling for level of economic development. This is an interesting finding, since we tend to think of neoliberal economic policies operating upon human development primarily in an indirect manner. According to proponents, market-friendly policies should enhance growth, which should, in turn, improve human wellbeing. The fact that, independent of their effect of economic development, these neoliberal economic policies are still significantly associated with improved human welfare suggests that an even stronger overall causal relationship may be at work. If, that is, neoliberal policies have a tendency to promote long-term growth, then we may presume that their net effect on IMR is even stronger than measured by coefficients on key "neoliberal" variables in Tables 1 and 2, given that economic development is, itself, a major factor in the reduction of infant mortality. We do not attempt to model the precise nature of this indirect causal relationship because this would require strong assumptions about neoliberalism’s causal effect on growth performance, a contentions topic that lies beyond the scope of this study.McDermott 9
Tree Hugger.Com," Good news: most ecosystems can recover in one lifetime from human induced or natural disturbance", http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/05/most-ecosystems-can-recover-from-disturbance-in-one-lifetime.php-http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/05/most-ecosystems-can-recover-from-disturbance-in-one-lifetime.php
There’s a reason the phrase "let nature take its course" exists: New
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that live in that ecosystem turn over more rapidly than in the forest. Douglas 10 – Peer-reviewed climate scholar
Richard Douglas, published essays on the philosophy and politics of climate change denial, Future Ethics, pg. 206
In the case of environmentalism the need for a readymade replacement paradigm to be available
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ideas it offers are not adequate for the job they have to do. Wendt ’98, professor of international security – Ohio State University
(Alexander, "On Constitution and Causation in International Relations," British International Studies Association)
As a community, we in the academic study of international politics spend too much
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sparring over epistemology is often one-sided, intolerant caricatures of science. Even if extinction is inevitable – taking steps to postpone it solves suffering and adds value to life.Epstein and Zhao in ’9
Richard J. Epstein and Y. Zhao, Laboratory of Computational Oncology,Department of Medicine,University of Hong Kong, Professorial
Block,Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. "The Threat That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Human Extinction". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, volume 52, number 1 (winter 2009):116–25. Project Muse. Human extinction is 100% certain—the only uncertainties are when and how.
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, could pay dividends in minimizing the eventual cumulative burden of human suffering. Growth’s sustainable—-tech innovation continually changes the game and outpaces their predictions—-global shift towards sustainability’s happening now, it’s effective and permanentJohn H. Matthews 12, and Frederick Boltz, Center for Conservation and Government, Conservation International, June 2012, "The Shifting Boundaries of Sustainability Science: Are We Doomed Yet?," PLOS Biology, http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001344-http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001344
Humans have long caused irreparable harm to ecosystems, driven species to extinction, and
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accelerating and permeating local, national, and global economies quickly and permanently. Cap is sustainable—current crisis and movements will just reintrench capitalism—Zizek votes aff*alt doesn’t solve—left can’t provide an answer
Zizek 10/8
Slavoj, "Capitalism: How the left lost the argument." ~http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/08/capitalism~~ October 8MTC
One might think that a crisis brought on by rapacious, unregulated capitalism would have
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demonstrate that die only solution to a failure of capitalism is more capitalism.¶ No resource wars – no defensible method and empirically true-their "you just wait mantra" has been repeated for decades
Fettweis ’11 – Professor of Political Science @ Tulane
Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 110-111
This resource-wars, ecopessimist vision was originally articulated by specialists from other fields
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humanity cannot sink, but that it just has not yet been reached. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: MSU GT | Judge: Yurman ’12
Dan, reporter for Fuel Cycle Week, a nuclear industry trade newsletter, consultant to firms in the global nuclear energy industry , launced the blog of ANS, June 2011 received special recognition from ANS for work communicating nuclear energy information to the media and public, blog cited in NYT, FT, WSJ, "TVA’s countdown to MOX fuel," 1/26/12 ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/01/26/tvas-countdown-to-using-mox-fuel/
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission licenses for all the reactors that are candidates to use MOX will have to be updated to address physical operating differences and any changes in safety requirements. Technically, at this point, TVA believes that the physical modifications needed for each reactor are manageable. Also, TVA expects the DOE’s MOX to cost less than uranium fuel. Skutnik ’12
Steve, Assustant Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of Tennessee and Postdoctoral Research Associate at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, , " Mixing it up over MOX - a wrapup from Chattanooga ," 9/14/12 neutroneconomy.blogspot.com/2012/09/mixing-it-up-over-mox-wrapup-from.html
Finally, one of the most bizarre and self-contradictory arguments was the idea
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" is taken from the vessel itself and tested for properties of embrittlement). |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: MSU GT | Judge: Davidson 12
Paul, 10/18/12, Study says shortage of skilled workers not that severe,
http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2012/10/14/jobs-skills-gap-study/1630359/
A shortage of skilled manufacturing workers that’s blamed for helping push up unemployment is far
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their budgets to get them and can do without them, Sirkin says. Jervis 11 – Professor of Political Science @ Columbia
Robert, Professor in the Department of Political Science and School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, December 2011, "Force in Our Times," Survival, Vol. 25, No. 4, p. 403-425
Even if war is still seen as evil, the security community could be dissolved
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times bring about greater economic conflict, it will not make war thinkable. Boehmer 7 – associate prof of poly sci @ UT-El Paso
Charles Boehmer, Associate Professor, Dept. of Political Science @ University of Texas at El Paso. "The Effects of Economic Crisis, Domestic Discord, and State Efficacy on the Decision to Initiate Interstate Conflict". Politics and Policy. Volume 35, Issue 4, Pages 774-809. Wiley InterScience. December 7, 2007.
I have theorized in this study that economic growth should be positively related to militarized
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appear secure, meaning they face manageable levels of internal protest and rebellion. The Chattanoogan 2/20
"TVA, B%26W Sign Small Modular Reactor Agreement Under DOE Program," 2/20/13 www.chattanoogan.com/2013/2/20/244843/TVA-BW-Sign-Small-Modular-Reactor.aspx
The Tennessee Valley Authority and Babcock %26 Wilcox announced Wednesday a major step in their
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fund as much as 50 percent of the cost of design and licensing. NYT 3/28
Jeremy W. Peters and Peter Baker, "Months After Massacre, Obama Seeks to Regain Momentum on Gun Laws," 3/28/13 www.nytimes.com/2013/03/29/us/politics/obama-makes-impassioned-plea-for-gun-control.html?pagewanted=all%26_r=0
WASHINGTON — With resistance to tougher gun laws stiffening in Congress, a visibly frustrated
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week will be swamped with competing agendas on how to combat gun violence. Latino Daily News 3/30
Staff Writer, "Lawmakers Fighting Over Guest-Workers Portion of Immigration Bill", http://www.hispanicallyspeakingnews.com/latino-daily-news/details/lawmakers-fighting-over-guest-workers-portion-of-immigration-bill/23438/
Differences over the size and details of a guest-worker program are the major
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next month could be complicated by arguments about the guest-worker program. CSM 3-27-13 ~http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0327/How-border-security-trigger-could-stop-immigration-reform~~
How border security ’trigger’ could stop immigration reform Congressional negotiators say immigration reform will need
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2007 requirements today. Fencing? Within eight miles of the 2007 target. MSU’s uniqueness evidence concedes Obama push not key AND it post dates their internal link evidenceCNN 3/25
CNN, 3-25-2013 http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/25/opinion/zelizer-immigration-reform/
In the civil rights debate, President Lyndon Johnson depended on the Senate minority leader
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feel that their party is in command, the results could be powerful. Barker 9 - reporter for the Knoxville News Sentinel
Scott, "Tennessee Gets a Lesson in Unaccountable Government," WSJ, Proquest
The problem is that it isn’t really accountable to anyone. It is not scrutinized
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to a cabinet official. In practice, TVA reports to no one. TVA 12
"Budget Proposal and Management Agenda, http://www.tva.com/abouttva/pdf/budget_proposal_2013.pdf
TVA’s power program is entirely self-financed and does not receive any federal appropriations. TVA, like the rest of the ¶ electric utility industry, is challenged to meet growing customer demands with cleaner, low-cost energy resources. This will ¶ require substantial capital investments during the next decade. TVA raises capital for asset investments through power ¶ revenues, public bonds up to a limit set by Congress, and alternative financings, including lease financings. Jenkins-Smith et al 12
~Hank C. Jenkins-Smith, Carol L. Silva, Kerry G. Herron, Sarah R. Trousset, and Rob P. Rechard, "Enhancing the Acceptability and Credibility of a Repository for Spent Nuclear Fuel", National Academy of Engineering of the National Academies, The Bridge on Managing Nuclear Waste, Summer 2012, Volume 42, Number 2, http://www.nae.edu/Publications/Bridge/59220/59232.aspx~~
The effects of combining a repository with a reprocessing facility are shown in Table 2
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), thus attaching resource value to SNF, prospects for public acceptance improve. NYT ’10
NYT (blog) 8/5/10 (8/5/10, " A Broken Senate, or an Unpopular Agenda? ", http://douthat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/05/a-broken-senate-or-an-unpopular-agenda/)
In a recent bloggingheads conversation with Matt Yglesias, I tried to make the point
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many is the Obama agenda on the wrong side of public opinion altogether? Lillis 2/16
Mike, Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform, 2/16/13, The Hill, http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform
President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event Congress doesn’t reach a comprehensive deal this year, according to several House Democratic leaders. While the Democrats are hoping Congress will preclude any executive action by enacting reforms legislatively, they say the administration has the tools to move unilaterally if the bipartisan talks on Capitol Hill break down. Furthermore, they say, Obama stands poised to use them. Hirsh 2/7
Michael, chief correspondent, There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital, 2/7/13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
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change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect." |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: MSU GT | Judge: Doesn’t solve Russia – PDMA requires MOX and irradiation in nuclear plant – that’s DTRIP and Wolfe—all other alternative rejectedPlutonium immobilization impossible and doesn’t solve Russia or the net benefitBunn ’07
Matthew Bunn is a senior research associate in the Managing the Atom project at Harvard
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, www.armscontrol.org/act/2007_04/Bunn
Advocates of the Energy Department’s MOX-focused approach make several points:¶ • An
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reduced to a low level by sufficient investment in security for this material. Brian 2/11
Danielle, Executive Director of the Project on Government Oversight, a DC think tank founded in 1981, "Budget for MOX program cut by 75 Percent," 2/11/13 www.pogo.org/blog/2013/02/20130211-budget-for-mox-program-cut-75-percent.html
The beleaguered Mixed Oxide Fuel (MOX) program at the Savannah River Site was
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a decade behind schedule, and has sparked zero interest from potential customers. NRC 12
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, "Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility Licensing," http://www.nrc.gov/materials/fuel-cycle-fac/mox/licensing.html
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) signed a contract with
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on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS) and approved for publication in September 2010. Alvarez ’11
Robert Alvarez, former secretary in the DOE, "Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools in the U.S.: Reducing the Deadly Risks of Storage", Institute for Policy Studies, May 2011, http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/spent-nuclear-fuel-pools-in.html
This tragic event is casting a spotlight on the¶ spent fuel pools at U
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... This has become a fact of life for¶ nuclear power stations." Lee ’10
Nathan R. Lee, WISE Engineering Intern, B.S.E. in Materials Science and Engineering, "Sustainability Of U.S. Nuclear Energy: Waste Management And The Question Of Reprocessing", American Nuclear Society, WISE Journal, 2010, http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2010/NathanLeeWISE2010.pdf
In the long term, one begins to see the true benefits of the recycling
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3 to 5.4 and thereby further reducing¶ repository demand.36 Wolfe 12
The Russians were aware that many approaches that might environmentally immobilize the plutonium in some
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MOX. Each of the alternatives had financial, technical or political shortcomings. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake BM | Judge: Kurr, Joel Reed, and Nikolic DTRIP ’12
Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program, "Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement", 2012, http://dtirp.dtra.mil/tic/synopses/pmda.aspx
The Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA), ~long title: Agreement Between
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finished, including a new electrical substation which was completed in September 2010. Wolfe ’12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Column" The Augustana Chronicles, Augustana GA, 11/18/12 www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Clinton administration made treaty obligations with
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that mankind can make decisions of this importance and actually pull them off. Any waste alternative devastates all nuclear cooperation – violates reciprocity and forces the treaty open for future changesWolfe ’11
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, " "July 6, 2011¶ Letter/column in¶ The Augusta Chronicle - Augusta GA¶ Examine big picture of MOX mission " www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
I would like to first consider his reference to cost vs. the alternative.
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name of tight budgets would be penny-wise and pound-foolish. Wolfe 2/17
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Too much is at stake to throw MOX nuclear project into jeopardy," 2/17/13 m.chronicle.augusta.com/opinion/opinion-columns/2013-02-17/too-much-stake-throw-mox-nuclear-project-jeopardy
In any event, it is reckless and foolish to talk about terminating the program
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It’s going to take decades – and continued investments – to dismantle them." Sokova ’10
Elena, research associate at the Monterey Institute of International Studies "Plutonium Disposition", NTI, 9-16-2010, http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/plutonium-disposition-14/
To ensure the plutonium subject to disposition is irreversibly removed from use in nuclear weapons
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the existence of an operational infrastructure for MOX fuel fabrication makes this possible. Clinton and Lavrov ’10
Secretary of State and Russian Foreign Minister, "Signing of the Plutonium Disposition Protocol", Mission of the United States Geneva Switzerland, 4-13-2010, http://geneva.usmission.gov/2010/04/14/signing-pmda/
SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, good afternoon, and let me state the obvious.
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and I join the Secretary in thanking the teams which negotiated this agreement. Luongo ’07
Kenneth N., executive director of the Russian-American Nuclear Security Advisory Council "Improving U.S.-Russian Nuclear Cooperation", Partnership for Global Security, 2007, http://www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/publications/Articles%20and%20Commentary/improving_nuc_coop.html
Expediting fissile material disposition and elimination. Although programs that support the disposal of excess
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in fighting future threats is what the United States and Russia truly seek. Allison and Blackwill 11
~Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs 10-30, "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters"http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html~~
That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S
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.S. success, or failure, in advancing our national interests. Lukyanov ’11
Fyodor, editor-in-chief of Russia in Global Politics magazine, "Nuclear destruction remains the basis of relations", The Telegraph, 1-5-2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/opinion/8241050/Nuclear-destruction-remains-the-basis-of-Russia-US-relations.html
When President Dmitry Medvedev warned in his latest state-of-the-nation
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than real since it touches the heart of the problem of strategic stability. Corcoran 9 – PhD, Senior Fellow @ Global Security
Ed, Ph.D., serves as a Senior Fellow on national security issues at GlobalSecurity.org., Frmr. Strategic Analyst at the US Army War College where he chaired studies for the Office of the Deputy Chief of Operations and member of the National Advisory Board for the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues, we win the qualification game, April 21, http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/090421301-strategic-nuclear-targets.htm
That brings us to Russia, our former main adversary, now a competitive partner
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greatly complicate any efforts to stop escalation short of a total nuclear exchange. Reilly ’12
Bill, Bill Reilly, a retired colonel, formerly headed the U.S. Army’s reactor program., "MOX offers a nuclear power boost," 7/1/12, updated 1/29/13 www.columbiatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/mox-offers-a-nuclear-power-boost/article_4075b9c4-bd1c-5f22-99fb-0783224782cf.html~%23.USFCOOi1nn4
As the Cold War receded, the United States and Russia reached a historic agreement
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making the world a safer place by reducing the risk of nuclear proliferation. Ogilvie-White 6 – PhD, senior lecturer in the School of Social and Political Sciences, teaching on the subjects of foreign policy and international organisations
"Preventing Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism: Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia," http://www.issr.uq.edu.au/sites/default/files/1%20-%20Preventing%20Nuclear%20and%20Radiological%20Terrorism%20-%20Nuclear%20Security%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf
In the worst-case scenario – the theft and detonation of an intact nuclear
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security analysts have called it the most¶ serious threat facing the world. Ogilvie-White 6 – PhD, senior lecturer in the School of Social and Political Sciences, teaching on the subjects of foreign policy and international organisations
"Preventing Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism: Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia," http://www.issr.uq.edu.au/sites/default/files/1%20-%20Preventing%20Nuclear%20and%20Radiological%20Terrorism%20-%20Nuclear%20Security%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf
In June 2004, Mohamed ElBaradei, the usually circumspect Director General of the ¶
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¶ injected a new sense of urgency to an already highly charged debate. Conolly ’12
Catherine, MA candidate at King’s College London, "The Threat To The West From Soviet Nukes", 2-12-2012, http://theriskyshift.com/2012/02/threat-to-west-from-soviet-nukes-html/~~%23ixzz28GLMDMoR
Fissile Materials Russia produces the world’s largest stockpile of weapons-grade plutonium and highly
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of tactical nuclear weapons being stolen or sold is little cause for comfort. Nuclear terrorism from Russian stocks leads to retaliation and extinctionAyson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict %26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response. Dunlop and Smith ’06
William, scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories and Harold, distinguished visiting scholar and professor at the Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California at Berkeley, "Who did it? Using international forensics to detect and deter nuclear terrorism," Arms Control Today, October 1, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2006_10/CVRForensics
Among these, Moscow perhaps presents the most compelling case for international cooperation on post
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the United States following the 1996 TWA Flight 800 airline disaster.~5~ CNANW ’09
Canadian Network to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, "Questions and Answers on "RLOAD" and De-alerting", http://www.web.net/~~cnanw/index.htm
On the Russian side, command of nuclear weapons is said to be very centralized
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of Perimetr is better described in our recent paper "Replace LoW Policy"~ Rosenbaum ’07
Ron, award winning journalist and author, "The Return of the Doomsday Machine?", 8/31/2007, Slate Magazine, http://www.slate.com/id/2173108/pagenum/all/
In Strangelove, the doomsday machine was a Soviet system that automatically detonated some 50
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It went fully operational in January 1985. It is still in place." Wallace and Staples ’10
Michael Wallace, Professor Emeritus, political science, University of British Columbia and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and Stephen Staples, Executive Director, Rideau Institute and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and author of a book on missile defense, "Ridding the Artic of Nuclear Weapons: A Task Long Overdue", March 2010
Might there be other reasons for the Russians to abandon their Northern Fleet bases?
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answer, one way or the other, in the next few months. Wallace and Staples ’10
Michael Wallace, Professor Emeritus, political science, University of British Columbia and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and Stephen Staples, Executive Director, Rideau Institute and Director of the Canadian Pugwash Group and author of a book on missile defense, "Ridding the Artic of Nuclear Weapons: A Task Long Overdue", March 2010
Most of the preceding discussion – and indeed, nearly all discussion of the problems
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to assure the well-being of the oft-neglected original inhabitants. Trent ’11
Packard C. Lieutenant, United States Navy B.S., United States Merchant Marine Academy, 2003 "AN EVALUATION OF THE ARCTIC—WILL IT BECOME AN AREA OF COOPERATION OR CONFLICT?" Naval Postgraduate School March 2011 http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2011/March/11Mar_Trent.pdf
D. CONCLUSION This chapter has examined counterarguments to the proposition that Arctic will become
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peacefully with all sides in agreement, the potential for conflict will remain. Cohen ’10
Ariel Senior Research Fellow for Russian and Eurasian Studies and International Energy Policy, The Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies "From Russian Competition to Natural Resources Access: Recasting U.S. Arctic Policy" The Heritage Foundation 6/15/10 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/06/from-russian-competition-to-natural-resources-access-recasting-us-arctic-policy
To advance its position, Russia has undertaken a three-year mission to map
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, Russia backtracked and began to seek foreign investors for Arctic gas development. Golts 11 – independent Russian military analyst
Alexander, Russia in the Arctic, "THE ARCTIC: A CLASH OF INTERESTS OR CLASH OF AMBITIONS," http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB1073.pdf
Unfortunately, the absence of rational reasons for the confrontation over Arctic access does not
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in order to defend the Russian Federation’s national interests in the region." 22 MOX disposition is modeled by India and PakistanZarate 9 - research fellow at NPEC as well as a legislative fellow at the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation and Trade
Robert, "Zarate on U.S. and Russian Plutonium Management," Non-Proliferation Education Policy Center, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=253%26rid=1
U.S. and Russian stockpiles only account for roughly half of the estimated
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as a feasible and safe fuel for future civil nuclear powergeneration. Ijaz 1 – *Mansoor, a nuclear scientist, is chairman of Crescent Investment Management in New York; his father was an early pioneer in Pakistan’s nuclear program AND R. James Woolsey, an attorney, was director of central intelligence from 1993 to 1995
"How Secure Is Pakistan’s Plutonium?," NYT, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/28/opinion/28WOOL.html
A deeply disturbing picture of terrorist intent has emerged in recent weeks as blueprints for
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is hard to think of two developments that are less in our interest. Imonti 12 – Analyst @ National Interest, retired director of a private equity firm where he was an investment strategist for seven years
Felix, "Is Pakistan’s Paranoia Pushing it Into a Nuclear War with India?," http://www.unknowncountry.com/insight/pakistans-paranoia-pushing-it-nuclear-war-india
The high command has concluded that the only equalizer for the weaker of the competitors
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survival of South Asia and far beyond will be depending on that decision. Bunn ’12 – Matthew, Professor of Public Policy @ Harvard, AND Eben Harrell, Research Associate at the Project on Managing the Atom in the Belfer Center
"Consolidation: Thwarting Nuclear Theft," http://www.nuclearsummit.org/files/Consolidation_Thwarting_Nuclear_Theft.pdf
Sites in areas where the adversary threat is especially high. While terrorist groups such
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have higher priority in consolidation ¶ eff orts than stocks in other countries. Case 11 – MBA @ Sasin Institute
David, "Is Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal vulnerable to terrorists?," Global Post, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/pakistan/110612/pakistan-nuclear-arsenal-terrorists-plutonium
The stakes couldn’t be much higher. Pakistan is volatile cocktail of instability, extremism
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threats, and the Obama administration lacks options to do much about it. Sharma 12 – Professor PolSci at University of Auckland
Ashok, Winter/Spring, "The Enduring Conflict and the Hidden Risk of India-Pakistan War" SAIS Review, Vol 32 No 1, ProjectMuse
Despite the diplomatic and political initiatives and confidence-building measures to better the Indo
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military leaders and may thereby encourage Pakistan to flex its military muscle against India Zarate 11 - research fellow at NPEC as well as a legislative fellow at the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation and Trade
Robert, "An alarming South Asia powder keg", Washington Post, February 18, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021805662.html
In 1914, a terrorist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo - unleashing geopolitical forces
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for broader geopolitical crises may be the greatest threat we face from terrorism. Fai 1 - Kashmiri American Council
Ghulam Nabi, The Washington Times, "The most dangerous place", July 8, Lexis
The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical
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winter threatening the entire globe. The United States would enjoy no sanctuary. Caldicott 2 - Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility and Nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize
Helen, "The New Nuclear Danger: George W. Bush’s Military-Industrial Complex", p. xiii
The use of Pakistani nuclear weapons could trigger a chain reaction. Nuclear-armed India, an ancient enemy could respond in kind. China, India’s hated foe, could react if India used her nuclear weapons, triggering a nuclear holocaust on the subcontinent. If any of either Russia or America’s 2,250 strategic weapons on hair-trigger alert were launched either accidentally or purposefully in response, nuclear winter would ensue, meaning the end of most life on earth. TVA adoption solves the treaty and jump-starts utility use of MOX in the USWolfe ’12
Clinton R., PhD in Chemistry, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness in Aiken, S.C. He formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area, "Guest Article" The Greenville News, Greenville, SC, 8/10/12www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm~%23GN1208
As the need for nuclear power grows, we must pursue serious efforts toward converting
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nuclear waste for each unit of energy will be reduced by 50 percent. Bunn ’07
Matthew Bunn is a senior research associate in the Managing the Atom project at Harvard
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, www.armscontrol.org/act/2007_04/Bunn
A wide range of other obstacles have contributed to these slowing schedules and escalating costs
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substantial fines to the state if it does not meet plutonium disposition deadlines. AREVA 13
"TRANSPORT OF MOX FUEL FROM EUROPE TO JAPAN," http://www.areva.com/EN/operations-1391/transport-of-mox-fuel-from-europe-to-japan-the-stakes.html
MOX fuel is a conventional nuclear fuel made up of a mixture of uranium and
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MOX fuel in terms of safety, performance, and manufacturing is excellent. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake BM | Judge: Kurr, Joel Reed, and Nikolic 2AC T – Energy Production - MOX
We meet—reprocessing cycle and MOX produces energy
Blaylock ’02
Wayne, Ph.D. Candidate at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, "Addressing Proliferation Concerns for a New Generation: A Study of the Generation-IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative and its Relation to National Non-proliferation Goals," http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2002/wayneblaylock.pdf)
In a partial recycle fuel cycle, a fraction of the used fuel is reprocessed
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induce more efficient fissions across a wide isotopic range than do slow neutrons. COAG ’09
Department of Climate Change on behalf of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Expert Group on Streamlining Greenhouse and Energy Reporting, "national Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Streamlining Protocol," http://www.climatechange.gov.au/~~/media/publications/greenhouse-report/nger-streamlining-protocol.pdf)
’Energy production’ is defined in NGER Regulation 2.23: Production of energy
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the facility or for use other than in the operation of the facility. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, 2013
Online
of: used as a function word to indicate the object of an action denoted or implied by the preceding noun love of nature MIT ’11
("The Future of Nuclear Power", Chapter 4 – Fuel Cycles, 2011, http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/pdf/nuclearpower-ch4-9.pdf-http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/pdf/nuclearpower-ch4-9.pdf)
The description of a possible global growth scenario for nuclear power with 1000 or so
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will significantly reduce the long-term radioactivity of the nuclear waste.4
2AC T – USFG Froomkin ’96
A. Michael; Associate Professor of Law – University of Miami, "Reinventing the Government Corporation," osaka.law.miami.edu/~froomkin/articles/reinvent.htm)
Most statutes providing for presidential appointment of directors to FGCs are silent about removal.
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TVA director’s argument that the TVA resembled an independent agency failed.~{353~} —federal agency w/ board members appointed by President and Congress
—GAO, OMB and Treasury oversight
—their financial statements are included in Treasury statements
—subject to the Government Performance and Review Act
TVA ’12
"Budget Proposal and Management Agenda, http://www.tva.com/abouttva/pdf/budget_proposal_2013.pdf
TVA is a government-owned corporation and federal agency, and its mission is
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Electric ¶ Reliability Corporation and the industry based Institute of Nuclear Power Operations. Counterinterpretation – USFG includes federal agencies and bureausChicago 7
(University of Chicago Manual of Style, "Capitalization, Titles", http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/CapitalizationTitles/-http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/CapitalizationTitles/ CapitalizationTitles30.html)
Q. When I refer to the government of the United States in text, should it be US Federal Government or US federal government?
A. The government of the United States is not a single official entity. Nor is it when it is referred to as the federal government or the US government or the US federal government. It’s just a government, which, like those in all countries, has some official bodies that act and operate in the name of government: the Congress, the Senate, the Department of State, etc. Merriam Webster.com
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the?show=0%26t=1308850317
used as a function word to indicate that a following noun or noun equivalent is a unique or a particular member of its class the President the Lord
SOLVENCY ====NRC says it’ll get done====
AP 3/6
"Feds give SC fuel fabrication plant good report," www.midlandsconnect.com/news/story.aspx?id=868712~%23.UVN7ORn1e5I
COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) — Federal regulators have given good
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than originally expected, putting its anticipated cost at around %247 billion. ====On track to completion====
Weaver 3/19
Lynn E., PhD from Purdue, previous dean of engineering at Auburn, associate dean for College of Engineering at OU and director for School of Nuclear Engineer and Health Physics at Georgia Institute of Technology, President of Florida Tech, author of "System Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Dynamics ~Hardcover~" "Commentary: Defunding S.C. nuke-conversion site would threaten U.S. security" The Town Talk,
The U.S. MOX facility is still on target to be completed next
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stay vigilant and insist on the elimination of surplus nuclear-weapons material. Mills 3/21
Chad, reporter, DHD News Augusta, Aiken County SC, "Report: MOX facility cost inflated by billions again, delayed 3 years," 3/21/13 www.wrdw.com/news/politics/headlines/Report-MOX-facility-cost-inflated-again-delayed-three-years-199348251.html
"The cost increase and schedule delay will not be known until DOE completes its
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report by the GAO, only the Tennessee Valley Authority is seriously interested. 2AC States CP DOE 7
(Department Of Energy, Deputy Secretary of Energy, Clay Sell, Speech at the Carnegie Moscow Center, March 14, 2007, http://www.energy.gov/news/4876.htm)
Thank you Rose for that kind introduction. And a special thank you to the
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see areas of great opportunity. I will talk about that as well. Gale et al. ’9
FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL %26 STATE GOVERNMENT
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its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL ~Vol. 30:497 2009
Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face
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it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy. Berry and Tolley ’10
Professors of energy and economic policy R. Stephen Berry and George S. Tolley, "Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Future Prospects and Viability", University of Chicago Humanities, 11-29-2010, http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/institute/bigproblems/Team7-1210.pdf
The American and French nuclear power industries developed along divergent paths. The U.
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how these unique situations have created varying transaction costs for their respective industries. Kiely 12
EUGENE KIELY-http://www.factcheck.org/author/eugene-kiely/, Washington assignment editor USA today, February 17, 2012 Factcheck.org "Did Obama ’Approve’ Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?" http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/
Who’s to blame, if that’s the right word, if the project ends up
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spending taxpayer money on Chinese firms to build U.S. bridges. 2nd CP Flessner 3/9
Dave, business editor for the Times Free Press., "Nuclear Regulatory Commission starts Browns Ferry review to remove sanction," 3/9/13www.timesfreepress.com/news/2013/mar/09/nrc-starts-browns-ferry-review-to-remove/
Federal regulators have begun one of the most exhaustive reviews of a TVA operating nuclear
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has upgraded procedures, training and equipment over the past two years to compl y with NRC rules.¶ "While many of the actions are ongoing, we
AND
which have created problems in the past at Browns Ferry," he said.
AT Japan 123 Japanese reprocessing inevitable, MOX solves international credibility, and this is their evidenceAsahi Shimbun 3/17
"Editorial: End nuclear fuel recycling program for sake of future generations," 3/17/13 ajw.asahi.com/article/views/editorial/AJ201303180075
Japan already has a stockpile of about 45 tons of plutonium, including those whose
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rush to bring the Rokkasho plant online before the new standards are ready. Gavin 10
Francis. Professor of International Affairs and Director of the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin. Same As It Ever Was: Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War. International Security. Winter 2009/2010. Muse.
Throughout the post–World War II period, analysts worried that proliferation among small
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could invite its own destruction highly unlikely.38 ~End Page 16~ Econ - Startups —they’ll go home
—they’ll hold out for a less restrictive visa
Gobry, 10 - Paris-based entrepreneur (Paul, "The Startup Visa Act Must Be Stopped," Business Insider, 3/22, http://www.businessinsider.com/why-the-startup-visa-is-actually-a-really-bad-idea-2010-3) Finally, the Startup Visa will be bad for investors as well. The best
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own terms. This would be bad for everyone, including the investors. Jervis 11 – Professor of Political Science @ Columbia
Robert, Professor in the Department of Political Science and School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, December 2011, "Force in Our Times," Survival, Vol. 25, No. 4, p. 403-425
Even if war is still seen as evil, the security community could be dissolved
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times bring about greater economic conflict, it will not make war thinkable.
2AC Food Barnett 2k - Australian Research Council fellow and Senior Lecturer in Development Studies @ Melbourne U. School of Social and Environmental Enquiry
Jon, Review of International Studies, "Destabilizing the environment-conflict Thesis", 26:271-288, Cambridge Journals Online
Considerable attention has been paid to the links between population, the environment and conflict
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pressing, and avoidable product is widespread malnutrition and large loss of life. Pumer 1-29
Brad, "We’re running out of farm workers. Immigration reform won’t help," Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/29/the-u-s-is-running-out-of-farm-workers-immigration-reform-may-not-help/
But looser immigration laws may not be able to keep our food cheap forever.
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on the other side of the border. And that’s already dropping off." India Today 1-21
"Obama’s second term may witness new initiatives in US-India relations," http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/obama-second-term-new-initiatives-in-us-india-relations/1/243159.html
As US President Barack Obama heads into his legacy-shaping second term in office
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In the second, both countries could collaborate on maritime and cyber security.
Biotech Weinberger ’10 (David-, Feb. 3, Heritage Foundry, "Why China is Not an Economic Threat to the United States", http://blog.heritage.
org/2010/02/03/why-china-is-not-an-economic-threat-to-the-u-s/)
People familiar with Wadhwa, a frequent BusinessWeek.com contributor, may be surprised
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inflated by about half because of the way their officials count "engineers."
What’s more, China’s and India’s superior numbers don’t translate into greater competitiveness, he argues. America still graduates more than enough highly skilled engineers, while the poor quality of many Chinese and Indian schools mean most of their grads are less qualified (see BusinessWeek.com, 12/27/05, "Engineering: Is the U.S. Really Falling?"). AT Immigration The Chattanoogan 2/20
"TVA, B%26W Sign Small Modular Reactor Agreement Under DOE Program," 2/20/13 www.chattanoogan.com/2013/2/20/244843/TVA-BW-Sign-Small-Modular-Reactor.aspx
The Tennessee Valley Authority and Babcock %26 Wilcox announced Wednesday a major step in their
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fund as much as 50 percent of the cost of design and licensing. Latino Daily News 3/30
Staff Writer, "Lawmakers Fighting Over Guest-Workers Portion of Immigration Bill", http://www.hispanicallyspeakingnews.com/latino-daily-news/details/lawmakers-fighting-over-guest-workers-portion-of-immigration-bill/23438/
Differences over the size and details of a guest-worker program are the major
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next month could be complicated by arguments about the guest-worker program. CSM 3-27-13 ~http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0327/How-border-security-trigger-could-stop-immigration-reform~~
How border security ’trigger’ could stop immigration reform Congressional negotiators say immigration reform will need
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how to link that to plans for the undocumented will be crucial. In deed, finding an answer could determine whether a bipartisan immigration reform measure reaches President
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2007 requirements today. Fencing? Within eight miles of the 2007 target. Barker 9 - reporter for the Knoxville News Sentinel
Scott, "Tennessee Gets a Lesson in Unaccountable Government," WSJ, Proquest
The problem is that it isn’t really accountable to anyone. It is not scrutinized
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to a cabinet official. In practice, TVA reports to no one. Lillis 2/16
Mike, Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform, 2/16/13, The Hill, http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform
President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event Congress doesn’t reach a comprehensive deal this year, according to several House Democratic leaders. While the Democrats are hoping Congress will preclude any executive action by enacting reforms legislatively, they say the administration has the tools to move unilaterally if the bipartisan talks on Capitol Hill break down. Furthermore, they say, Obama stands poised to use them. Hirsh 2/7
Michael, chief correspondent, There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital, 2/7/13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
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of capital. "The idea here is, if an issue comes up where the conventional wisdom is that president is not going to get what he wants, and he gets it, then each time that happens, it changes the calculus of the other actors" Ornstein says. "If they think he’s going to win, they may change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect." |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake BM | Judge: Kurr, Joel Reed, and Nikolic We Meet NE District Court 93
"HILL v. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY," http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=7%26xmldoc=19932255842FSupp1413_12038.xml%26docbase=CSLWAR2-1986-2006%26SizeDisp=7
2. As a government corporation, TVA is considered an agency of the executive branch. Thus, TVA employees are regarded as federal employees in the excepted service under CSRA. Dodd v. Tennessee Valley Authority,770 F.2d 1038, 1040 (Fed.Cir.1985). It’s a federal agency and the electricity produced is owned by the USFGSupreme Court 36
"Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority CERTIORARI TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT," http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0297_0288_ZS.html
4. Where a contract between an electric power corporation and the Tennessee Valley Authority
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3, Art. IV, of the Constitution. P. 330. CFR 13
Code of Federal Regulations, Last Updated, § 1300.101 Cross references to employee ethical conduct standards and other applicable regulations., http://cfr.regstoday.com/18cfr1300.aspx
Employees of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) are subject to the executive branch-wide standards of ethical conduct at 5 CFR part 2635 and to the TVA regulations at 5 CFR part 7901 which supplement the executive branch-wide standards. In addition, certain TVA employees are subject to executive branch-wide financial disclosure regulations at 5 CFR part 2634. Martin 86 – Director of the Office of Gov Ethics
"86x1: Intra-Governmental Matters and 18 U.S.C. § 207," http://www.oge.gov/DisplayTemplates/ModelSub.aspx?id=860
Assuming the individual about whom you have asked is an employee of TVA (as
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will apply to that individual if he leaves TVA for the private sector. Same as EPA 11th Circuit 2
"Tennessee Valley Authority v. United States Environmental Protection Agency," http://elr.info/sites/default/files/litigation/32.20407.htm
The court holds that it has jurisdiction to review a U.S. Environmental
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the court holds that private parties have standing to challenge the EPA orders.
USFG – Distinct from their examples TVA 12
Tennessee Valley Authority, Last Updated date, "TVA and Government-Sponsored Enterprises," http://www.tva.gov/finance/opportun/comparison.htm
TVA is commonly compared with government-sponsored enterprises, or GSEs. However,
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are now owned by private investors. Several other differences are summarized below. OSPEC Good Elmore, Professor of public affairs at the University of Washington, 1980
(Political science quarterly, pg. 605) Analysis of policy choices matters very little if the mechanism for implementing those choices is poorly understood. In answering the question, "What percentage of the work of achieving a desired governmental action is done when the preferred analytic alternative has been identified?" Allison estimated that in the normal case, it was about 10 percent, leaving the remaining 90 percent in the realm of implementation. Science Diplomacy Dickson 10 (David, director of SciDev, June 28 http://scidevnet.wordpress.com/category/science-diplomacy-conference-2010/ 7/9/11) HD
There’s a general consensus in both the scientific and political worlds that the principle of
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and benefit from diplomatic agreements – but cannot provide the solutions to either. 1AR TVA Avoids Politics – AT: Others Involved NNSA 12
MOX Program Questions and Answers, Google.doc 13. Is TVA under contract with DOE to irradiate MOX fuel?
No. DOE and TVA have entered into an interagency agreement to evaluate the use
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Commission (NRC), a government agency independent from both DOE and TVA.
1AR AT: Spending Link Arg TVA 12
"Budget Proposal and Management Agenda, http://www.tva.com/abouttva/pdf/budget_proposal_2013.pdf
TVA’s power program is entirely self-financed and does not receive any federal appropriations. TVA, like the rest of the ¶ electric utility industry, is challenged to meet growing customer demands with cleaner, low-cost energy resources. This will ¶ require substantial capital investments during the next decade. TVA raises capital for asset investments through power ¶ revenues, public bonds up to a limit set by Congress, and alternative financings, including lease financings. Wake 1AR Krikorian 12. ~Mark, executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies, "The president’s unconstitutional DREAM amnesty gets rolling" Center for Immigration Studies — cis.org/OpedsandArticles/DREAM-Amnesty-Begins-Krikorian-National-Review~
I just have to continue to say this notion that somehow I can just change
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civil war; they’re all still here, more than 20 years later.
1AR Yes XO Kumar 3-24
Anita, "In face of hostile Congress, Obama orders in agenda," Detroit Free Press, http://www.freep.com/article/20130324/NEWS15/303240348/In-face-of-hostile-Congress-Obama-orders-in-agenda
President Barack Obama came into office four years ago, skeptical of pushing the power
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even members of Congress are lobbying him to do so more and more.
Act legislation that has been unable to pass Congress.
XO Solve HS Endelman and Mehta 9 – *in-house immigration attorney at BP America AND founder and managing attorney of Cyrus D. Mehta %26 Associates – SEX EDITED
Gary and Cyrus, "The Path Less Taken: Is There An Alternative To Waiting For Comprehensive Immigration Reform?," Immigration Daily, http://www.ilw.com/articles/2009,0225-endelman.shtm
Dinesh Shenoy made a huge first step but it was only a first step.
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can create a period of stay that permits the undocumented to remain here. Endelman and Mehta 9 – *in-house immigration attorney at BP America AND founder and managing attorney of Cyrus D. Mehta %26 Associates – SEX EDITED
Gary and Cyrus, "The Path Less Taken: Is There An Alternative To Waiting For Comprehensive Immigration Reform?," Immigration Daily, http://www.ilw.com/articles/2009,0225-endelman.shtm
Dinesh Shenoy had it right when he wrote in 2005 that "cut-off
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, though not approved, without immediate availability of an immigrant visa number. |
