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--“Resolved” expresses intent to implement the plan

American Heritage 2k

www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=resolved

To find a solution to; solve …

To bring to a usually successful conclusion

--The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters

Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2k

http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm

f

Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself. Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on… If the introductory phrase preceding the colon ispres very brief and the clause following the colon represents the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.

--“The USFG” is the government in Washington D.C.

Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k [http://encarta.msn.com]

“The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC.”

--That excludes action by smaller political groups or individuals.       

Black’s Law Seventh Edition Ed. Bryan A. Garner (chief) 99

Federal government 1. A national government that exercises some degree of control over smaller political units that have surrendered some degree of power in exchange for the right to participate in national political matters.

--“Should” denotes an expectation of enacting a plan

American Heritage 2k [www.dictionary.com]

3 Used to express probability or expectation

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Their focus on our connection to nature depoliticizes the left and renders it docile which prevents resistance against capitalism – it’s the root of individualizing mentalities

Hudson 8

“The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life.” Mediations 23.2 (Spring 2008) 88-117. www.mediationsjournal.org/the-political-animal

Over the past few decades, the rise of environmentalism, ecology, and the

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effects of the mode of production and assuming that they will rectify themselves.

Focus on individual struggle trades off with class struggle, leaving us at the mercy of the system at large

Zavarzadeh 94

(Mas'ud, “The Stupidity that Consumption is Just as Productive as Production (Marx, Theories of Surplus-Value),” The Alternative Orange Vol. 4 No. 1, Fall/Winter 1994,http://www.etext.org/Politics/AlternativeOrange/4/v4n1_cpp.html)

Reading and writing as stories of power-and-resistance are now part of

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. This is the post-al left in its most lucid moment.

That makes extinction inevitable

International Review ‘89

(The decomposition of capitalist society, 57:2 http://en.internationalism.org/node/3070)

Similarly, all the disasters that the ecologists blame on ‘technical progress' the growing

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no limit to the horror of this bloody monster that is decadent capitalism.

Our alternative is to reject the aff in favor of historical materialism – that’s the best methodology for fighting capital and is key to agency
 Holmstrom 97

(Nancy, Professor Emeritus Department of Philosophy at Rutgers, Renewing Historical Materialism, Solidarity, http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/2198)

Wood's interpretation of historical materialism has been pejoratively labeled "Political Marxism," but she

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sees "historical determinations, structured processes with human agencies." (78) 

Tournament: umkc | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Oil prices will stabilize now unless OPEC floods the market

Gronholt-Pedersen 6/22 (Joseph, the Economist, “Oil Market Well Balanced; OPEC to Determine Short-Term Outlook -BP Economist” http://investing.businessweek.com/research/markets/news/article.asp?docKey=600-201206220519DOWJONESENRGYSVC000603-1andparams=timestamp%7C%7C06/22/2012%205:19%20AM%20ET%7C%7Cheadline%7C%7COil%20Market%20Well%20Balanced%3B%20OPEC%20to%20Determine%20Short-Term%20Outlook%20-BP%20Economist%7C%7CdocSource%7C%7CDow%20Jones%20and%20Company%2C%20Inc.%7C%7Cprovider%7C%7CACQUIREMEDIA )

SINGAPORE--The global oil market is more balanced now than it was in 2011

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level, and they can do that for a while," he said.

Increasing US consumption reduces US consumption - That causes Saudi Arabia to flood the oil market and collapse prices– tanks other producers.

ERGO 2/1/12 [Provides a wide range of research and consulting services focused on oil and gas, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, citing eight sources from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, OPEC, and Middle East politics, ‘The Waning Era of Saudi Oil Dominance,’ http://www.ergo.net/ErgoSpecialReport_Saudi_Oil_Feb2012.pdf, ]

Saudi Arabia’s importance to global oil markets is due not solely to its immense reserves

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and slowing upstream expansion programs in countries that had sought high oil prices.

That crushes the Russian economy and undermines support for the regime

KRAMER 12 – New York Times writer and editor (ANDREW E. “Higher Oil Prices to Pay for Campaign Promises” New York Times March 16, 2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/business/global/vladimir-putins-big-promises-need-fueling-by-high-oil-prices.html?_r=2?pagewanted=print Putin Needs)

MOSCOW — In American presidential politics, high oil prices are a problem. For

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plan, though, was never part of Mr. Putin’s stump speech.

Extinction

FILGER 2009 (Sheldon, author and blogger for the Huffington Post, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)

In Russia historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree that

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the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
 

Debate is a not a place for irrelevant philosophy – it is a place for the growth of ideas to emancipate the oppressed.  Few of us will become philosophers, but we will all be faced with ethnical calls to assist others.  The way we approach debate as an educational institution should not be a question of personal fulfillment, but the isolation of systems of oppression and their dismantlement for the sake of others.

Grande in 04

(sandy, Red Pedagogy) (5-6)

The trauma of struggling against colonialism in a postcolonial Zeitgeist manifests most acutely in American

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in anti-imperialist and anticapitalist struggles (i.e., decolonization).

The aff not only doesn’t meet this, but they perpetuate the very form of education we criticize – we’ll isolate several links:

The 1AC is symptomatic of a philosophy seeing language being manipulatable, truth not existing, and normative ethics not having any value – this creates the conditions necessary for us to separate ourselves from responsibility for moral atrocities, and represents the death of humanist values.

Ketels 96

 [Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)]

[*46]  THE political bestiality of our age is abetted by our willingness to

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Nothing less than the transformation of human consciousness is likely to rescue us.

Their emulsion of the Good as becoming Evil is ethical dogmatism – it pits us in a politics that can only affirm the corruption of morals – this was utilized by Stalin and Hitler to perpetuate the greatest mass killings of our day.

Ketels 96

 [Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)]

The deadly consequences of linguistic abuse and skepticism, including their insidious seduction to silence

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watched, dumbly passive, as before, in the Holocaust against Jews.

The aff’s engagement in abstract theory is a form of privilege which buys into Eurocentric notions and undermines attempts to engage in indigenous education, allowing for the continuation of oppressive material conditions

Grande in 04

(sandy, Red Pedagogy)

This book examines the tensions and intersections between dominant modes of critical educational theory and

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inherently contradictory to the aims of indigenous education. (1-2)

The notion that we’re somehow free of our subjectivities – free to choose identity roles as we wish and not be confined within systems of oppression is false – we’re always in systems of power, meaning the question is how we relate to that power.  You should affirm a system that doesn’t allow for oppression.

Kevin Dunn, 2006.  (political science professor at Hobart and William Smith Colleges) “Interrogating White Male Privilege in IR Theory” http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/0/0/4/9/pages100490/p100490-1.php Accessed October 13, 2009

Again, privilege flows from systemic power structures, not merely from individual acts.

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also to act as the gatekeepers at the boundaries they have helped construct.

The impacts are multifold:

The impact is the continuation of catastrophe – ceding our ethical responsibility makes mass slaughter inevitable – our response should not be vacuous word games – it should be material action and intellectual organization about what that material action should entail premised upon humanist values.

Ketels 96

 [Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)]

But well-schooled intellectuals know that contingency rules human history. The flow of

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repudiate hu­manist values because they are in­adequate as an antidote to evil.16

Value to existence comes from a desire for dignity, free expression, and a yearning to live the truth – we have to affirm the good and repel the evil to have a sense of existence.

Ketels 96

 [Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)]

Havel's antipolitical politics is practical morality, service to truth, [*54] not

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anonymous crowd, with its insatiable demand  for complicity in its lies.   n39

We all have responsibility for violence, oppression, and death – whether near us or not.  Metaphysical certainty is only attainable by affirming Truth – murderers are murderers.  Action is not only in our arsenal of responses to crisis, but is also a duty!  We must react to threats lest we lose what makes us human.

Ketels 96

 [Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)]

Bearing witness is not enough, but it is something. At the dedication of

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silence and schizophrenic complicity for half a century by two succeeding totalitarian regimes.

You should affirm the role of a humanist intellectual – your worth as a person and a contributor to ideas is measured by your allegiance to values like truth.  Good and evil exist in the world objectively – if we are to not be mere scribblers of human thought, we need to affirm something to stop suffering.

Ketels 96

[Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)]

Intellectuals are not customarily thought of as men and women of action. Our circumstances

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The hour is too late, the situation too grave for such pettifoggery.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Focus on proximate causation is key to good scholarship – our epistemology is sufficient and the K isn’t a trump card

Rotter ‘2k

(Andrew, Professor of History at Colgate, “Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History,” American Historical Review, 105(4), October)

For diplomatic historians, the link between cause and effect is crucial, and this

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Imperialism is not just an attitude. War is not preeminently a discourse.

Saving lives when faced with extinction is the most moral act

Kateb 92
 George, professor of politics @ Princeton University.  "The Inner Ocean:  Individualism and Democratic Culture."

What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do

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; they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)

Always a value to life

Augustine 2k          

Keith, “Death and the Meaning of Life” http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html

These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of

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as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant.

No root cause

Brian Martin, Professor of Science, Technology and Society at the University of Wollongong, 1990           

[Uprooting War, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html]

In this chapter and in the six preceding chapters I have examined a number of

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the roots of war and developing strategies for grassroots movements to uproot them.

Empiricism allows us to pragmatically respond to impacts

Liu 96

(Xiuwu, Assistant Prof. Interdisciplinary Studies – Miami U. Ohio, “Western perspectives on Chinese higher education”, p. 22-24, Google Print)

The pervious section goes to some lengths to underscore the plain fact that the studied

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adequate model for cross-cultural inquiry should account for these limiting cases.

The possibility of extinction requires the assessment of risks despite probability

Yudkowsky 8

(Full-time Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Cofounder Eliezer, January 22^nd 2008, “Circular Altruism”)JFS

Overly detailed reassurances can also create false perceptions of safety: "X is not

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a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy.

Every instance of oppression except death is irreversible

Bauman 6

(Zygmunt, Prof Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Leeds, Liquid Fear, p 29-30, AD: 12/20/09)

Irreparable ... Irremediable Irreversible... Irrevocable yond recall or remedy ... The point of no

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is only man because he is a death in the process of becoming!

The ontological question is impossible to answer. The kritik will lock us into an infinitely regressive cycle destroying political praxis.

Levinas and Nemo 1985               

Emmanuel (professor of philosophy) and Philippe (professor of new philosophy), Ethics and Infinity, 1985, pg. 6-7

Are we not in need of still more precautions? Must we not step back

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, in its inability to escape itself, to escape being and essence.

Extinction precedes ontology – existence is a prerequisite for the self

Wapner 3

[Paul Wapner is associate professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University, DISSENT / Winter 2003]JFS

All attempts to listen to nature are, indeed, social constructions, except one

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-critics must be supporters, in some fashion, of environmental preservation.

Predictions don’t have to be perfect, but they can be accurate enough to create causal chains to act on.

Mesquita ‘11

Bruce Bueno De Mesquita, Julius Silver Professor of Politics at New York University, July 18, 2011. “Fox-Hedging or Knowing: One Big Way to Know Many Things. http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/18/bruce-bueno-de-mesquita/fox-hedging-or-knowing-one-big-way-to-know-many-things/?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+cato-unbound+%28Cato+Unbound%29

It is hard to say which is more surprising, that anyone still argues that

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moving target because technology, ideas, and subject adaptation will be ongoing.

Even if we can’t be certain, our predictions based on multiple empirical methods provide sufficient guides to action

Walt 2005

(“The relationship between theory and policy in international relations” Annual review of political science, 23-48)

Policy decisions can be influenced by several types of knowledge. First, policy makers

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theory, large-N statistical analysis, and hermeneutical or interpretivist approaches.

The aff will always fail to emancipate life – even when we accept that suffering is inevitable, such an affirmation denies human freedom to prevent suffering

Crosby in 88

(Donald A., Professor of Philosophy at Colorado State University, The specter of the absurd : sources and criticisms of modern nihilism)

The second observation is that a considerable portion of human suffering is produced by the

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the benefits and yet to expect to have none of the potential liabilities?

Material conditions determine disposability – not our orientation.

Taft-Kaufman 95     Speech prof @ CMU

Jill, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq

The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported

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political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.