SMR's Aff

1AC – UNLV
Plan
The Department of Defense should obtain, through Power Purchasing Agreements, electricity from small modular reactors for military installations in the United States.

<ADV 1 – THE GRID 

THE GRID IS AT RISK NOW AND WILL FAIL WITHIN 3 YEARS – CYBER EXPERTS AGREE
Huff 12
(Ethan A, staff writer at natural news “Hacking expert says catastrophic failure of smart energy grid within 3 year” http://usahitman.com/hcfseg/, SEH)

For at least the past five years, the federal government has been pushing utility companies across America to “upgrade” their infrastructures to support “smart grid” technology that allows two-way communication with, and centralized control of, the energy grid through an internet-based network. But cyber expert David AND within three years,” adds Chalk. “This could actually be worse than a nuclear war, because it would happen everywhere. How governments and utilities are blindly merging the power grid with the Internet, and effectively without any protection, is insanity at its finest.”

POWER DISRUPTIONS SEVERELY COMPROMISE EXTENDED DETERRENCE, GLOBAL MILITARY OPERATIONS, AND NATIONAL SECURITY – ONLY POWER FROM SMRs ENSURES SUSTAINED RELIABILITY
Andres & Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, ’11
[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011]
The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability. Over the last few years, the Services have begun to reexamine virtually every aspect of how they generate and use energy with an eye toward AND, but the powerful incentive to do so in order to win an ongoing battle or war would be greatly reduced.

PURCHASING ELECTRICITY FROM SMRs SOLVES INEVITABLE POWER DISRUPTION
Robitaille, Army Environmental Center, ’12
[George E. Robitaille, Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies from The US Army War College, “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?,” March 21st 2012]
According to a recent report by the Defense Science Board, the DoD gets ninety nine percent of their electrical requirements from the civilian electric grid. AND adverse ramifications associated with building coal or natural gas fired power plants on the environment.
Scenario  Heg
America is uniquely at risk now for cyber terror attack - will wreck the energy grid and collapse hegemony
Clayton, 11/4 (Mark, “America the Vulnerable,” Christian Science Monitor, 11/4/2011, Factiva)

America has become the fattest cyber attack target on the planet, writes Joel Brenner in his disturbing new book.
Top-secret fighter jet designs filched by foreign cyber spies. Oil companies' vital exploration data AND
All that research has left "America the Vulnerable" a refreshingly solid piece of research anchored by nearly 40 pages of footnotes. Fortunately, rather than resulting in a turgid prose, the documentation framed by insider perspective and spiced with numerous case examples makes a compelling, readable narrative.
One late chapter on how intelligence services are being impacted is the lone exception to the book's readability, probably appealing mostly to policy wonks or fellow intelligence professionals. Even so, this book - along with Clark's - should be required reading on Capitol Hill and in the West Wing.

Cyber-Security is key to Heg –
CSIS ‘8 (December, A Report of the CSIS Commission on Cybersecurity for the 44th Presidency, “Securing Cyberspace for the 44th Presidency”, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/081208_securingcyberspace_44.pdf)

The damage from cyber attack is real. In 2007, the Departments of Defense, State, Homeland Security, and Commerce; NASA; and National Defense University all suffered major intrusions by unknown foreign entities. The unclassified e-mail of the secretary of defense was hacked, and DOD officials told us that the department’s computers are probed hundreds of thousands of times each day. A senior official at the Department of State told us the department had lost “terabytes” of information. Homeland Security suffered break-ins in several of its divisions, including the Transportation Security Agency. The Department of Commerce was forced to take the Bureau of Industry and Security off-line for several months, and NASA has had to impose e-mail restrictions before shuttle launches and allegedly has seen designs for new launchers compromised. Recently, the White House itself had to deal with unidentifiable intrusions in its networks. Senior representatives from the intelligence community told us that they had conclusive evidence, AND designs to arm themselves and achieve parity. America’s power, status, and security in the world depend in good measure upon its economic strength; our lack of cybersecurity is steadily eroding this advantage. 

China/Taiwan tensions growing – conflict risks high
Bloomberg 12
(2/26, China-Taiwan Tensions Could Loom Over U.S. ‘Pivot’ to Asia: View, www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-27/china-taiwan-tensions-could-loom-over-u-s-pivot-to-asia-view.html)
As China’s economic and military power grows, and Taiwan’s long-term future remains unclear, that debate deserves a wider AND Meanwhile, as the economic and strategic importance of U.S.-China relations grows, so does the U.S. temptation to advance those ties at Taiwan’s expense.
Global Nuclear Conflict
Hunkovic, Professor American Military University, 09
(Lee J, 2009, “The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan and the United States of America”, http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/Hunkovic.pdf)
A war between China, Taiwan and the United States AND China, Taiwan and United States are the primary actors in this scenario, whose actions will determine its eventual outcome, therefore, other countries will not be considered in this study.

Heg solves taiwan war
Brzezinski 12
(Zbigniew, US National Security Advisor to Jimmy Carter, Professor of American Foreign Policy at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, scholar at CSIS, Jan/Feb 2012, "8 Geopolitically Endangered Species," www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species?page=0,7)

2. TAIWAN Since 1972, the United States AND mainland. At stake: Risk of a serious collision with China.

Advantage 2 Prolif (DoD)
Massive expansion of nuclear power’s inevitable worldwide – that causes cascading prolif
John P Banks and Charles K Ebinger 11, John is a fellow with the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution, Charles is senior fellow and director of the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution, “Introduction: Planning a Responsible Nuclear Future” in “Business and Nonproliferation”, googlebooks

Nuclear energy is a twentieth-century innovation but until recently has not spread beyond a relatively small number 0F industrialized nations (see maps on pages 4 5). All this is about to change. With global electricity demand increasing dramatically, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy security becoming national priorities, AND activities that facilitate the expansion of uranium enrichment and spent fuel reprocessing. This is a major challenge for a regime already under stress

Squo nuclear power means quick breakout—asymmetric development of arsenals creates imbalances that undermine deterrent relationships
Sokolski 9
Henry Sokolski, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 6/1/2009, Avoiding a Nuclear Crowd, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/5534

Finally, several new nuclear weapons AND (arms races, strategic miscues, and even nuclear war). As Herman Kahn once noted, in such a world “every quarrel or difference of opinion may lead to violence of a kind quite different from what is possible today.”23 In short, we may soon see a future that neither the proponents of nuclear abolition, nor their critics, would ever want. None of this, however, is inevitable.

Prolif cascades cause militarization of disputes—escalates to great power war and instability
Kroenig 9
Matt Kroenig, assistant professor of Government at Georgetown University and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, November 2009, Beyond Optimism and Pessimism: The Differential Effects of Nuclear Proliferation, http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/19671/beyond_optimism_and_pessimism.html

Nuclear proliferation can embolden new nuclear states, triggering regional instability that could potentially threaten the interests of power-projecting states and even AND multiple great powers in a regional conflict. In a 1963 NIE, U.S. intelligence analysts assessed that “the impact of (nuclear proliferation in the Middle East) will be the possibility that hostilities arising out of existing or future controversies could escalate into a confrontation involving the major powers.”67 President Johnson believed that a nuclear Israel meant increased Soviet involvement in the Middle East and perhaps superpower war.68 If historical experience provides a guide, U.S. strategists at the time of writing are undoubtedly concerned by the possibility that China may feel compelled to intervene in any conflict involving a nuclear-armed North Korea, making the Korean Peninsula another dangerous flash-point in the uncertain Sino-American strategic relationship.

Cold War no longer applies—nuclear war
Cimbala 8
Stephen Cimbala, Ph.D., Penn State Brandywine Political Science Distinguished Professor, 2008, Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia, Comparative Strategy Volume 27, Issue 2

The spread of nuclear weapons in Asia presents a complicated mosaic of possibilities in this regard. States with nuclear forces of variable force structure, AND avoidance of war outside of Europe. 

A strong SMR industry’s key to US leadership and market share
Mandel 9
(Jenny – Scientific American, Environment & Energy Publishing, LLC, “Less Is More for Designers of "Right-Sized" Nuclear Reactors” September 9, 2009, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-nuclear-power-plant-station-mini-reactor)

Tom Sanders, president of the American Nuclear Society and manager of Sandia National Laboratories' Global Nuclear Futures Initiative, has been stumping for small rectors for more than a decade. American-made small reactors, AND "The question is: Are we building them, or are we just importing them?"

Only commercial and diplomatic leadership solves proliferation
BPC 12, Bipartisan Policy Center, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets”, July, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Nuclear%20Report.PDF

Strategic Goal: Continued strong U.S. leadership in global nuclear security matters is central to protecting our national security interests. In particular, U.S. leadership in nuclear technology and operations can strengthen AND regulatory institutions. We believe that, if these programs move forward, the United States has a critical commercial and advisory role to play.

SOLVENCY

Power Purchasing Agreements allow the DOD to act as a first mover jumpstarting the SMR industry
Madia, Chairman Stanford National Accelerator Lab, ’12
[Dr. Madia, Chairman of the Board of Overseers & Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, Former Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Former Laboratory Director at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, “SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY,” Stanford Energy Journal, Spring 2012, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/index.php/Journal/Small_Modular_Reactors_by_William_Madia]
Throughout the history of NPP development, plants grew in size based on classic “economies of scale” considerations. Bigger was cheaper when viewed on a cost per installed kilowatt basis. The drivers that caused AND role for government to play without getting into the heavy politics of nuclear waste, corporate welfare, or carbon taxes.
The DOD market is the only way to quickly get SMR’s through financial and regulatory barriers
Andres & Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, ’11
[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011]
Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—grid insecurity and fuel convoys—and explored how they could be addressed by small reactors. We acknowledge that there are many uncertainties and risks associated with these reactors. On the other hand, failing to pursue these technologies AND likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory.
Only DOD action can create widespread adoption of SMR’s which saves the domestic nuclear industry
Loudermilk, Senior Energy Associate @ NDU, ’11
[Micah J. Loudermilk, Senior Associate for the Energy & Environmental Security Policy program with The Institute for National Strategic Studies at The National Defense University, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs,” Journal of Energy Security, May 2011, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs&catid=116:content0411&Itemid=375]
Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-scale adoption of small modular reactors in the US,
AND  military forces and may create the inroads necessary to advance the technology broadly and eventually lead to their wide-scale adoption.