| 1 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Ok, so I've finally got the wiki kind of working, but I'm going to keep this link to our neg cites Google folder up because it's where I'll post 1NCs by round, which you can find here. Rd 2 - vs. OU CR - Neitzsche wankery
1NC - framework, backstopping DA, humanism DA, cap K, case (impact framing args on case)
2NR - backstopping, parts of humanism, case Rd 4 - vs. KU CaGr - SMRs
1NC - SMR spec, plan flaw, elections DA (US-Russia relations), Nietzsche K, case (prolif impact turns, SMR turns)
2NR - case turns Rd 5 - vs. Texas ClMi - SMRs
1NC - SMR spec, T (nuclear power must be civilian grid), case (SMR turns)
2NR - case turns Rd 7 - vs. Pitt LM - Bataille wankery
1NC - framework, T (the sun =/= energy production), cap good DA, case (Bataille turns, impact framing)
2NR - cap good DA, case Doubles - vs. Weber GO - Bataille wankery
1NC - framework, cap K (historical Marxism alt), coal disad (South China Sea impact), case (Bataille turns)
2NR - framework, parts of case Rd 2 - vs. Texas GuMa - solar decentralization/complexity
1NC - framework, backstopping DA, elections DA (warming), FERC commission CP, case (framing, gentrification turns)
2NR - backstopping, case Rd 4 - vs. Wake DuLa - DoD SMRs
1NC - T (increase requires pre-existence), T (PPA isn't a financial incentive), T (nuke power must be civilian grid), elections DA (China war), backstopping DA, case
2NR - backstopping, case Rd 5 - vs. Central Florida MaVi - nuke power in wealthy areas (enviro justice)
1NC - framework, T (in means throughout), elections DA (econ collapse, war), cap K (Marxism alt), states CP, ban and phase out nuclear CP, case (uranium turns, renewable trade-off turns, privilege turns, framing)
2NR - elections, case Rd 8 - vs. George Washington RS - passive solar for government-assisted housing
1NC - framework, T (in means throughout), backstopping DA, Nietzsche K, silver DA, CdTe PIC, case (privilege turns, framing)
2NR - backstopping, case Rd 2 - vs. UNT KP - Native American wind lovin'
1NC - framework, backstopping DA, PIC out of the word "we," Chow K, case (Native American framing turns, impact framing)
2NR - framework, case Rd 4 - vs. UNLV CC - wind PTC
1NC - T (tax credits aren't financial incentives), states CP w/ federalism NB, backstopping DA, Nietzsche K, elections DA (China war), case
2NR - backstopping, case Rd 6 - vs. Western Connecticut State AE - blackness/performance
1NC - framework, T (black energy isn't energy production), Marxism K, PIC out of social death imagery (afro-futurism good), speed good, case (identity-based debate turns, aesthetics turns, framing)
2NR - framework, case Rd 7 - vs. Puget Sound BQ - psychoanalysis wankery
1NC - framework, PIC out of the word "we," Marxism K, PIC out of "in our cities" (ruralism NB), case (psychoanalysis is dumb, humanism turns, framing)
2NR - "We" PIC, psychoanalysis is really dumb Rd 2 - vs. Central Florida MaVi - nuke power in wealthy areas (enviro justice)
1NC - T (in means throughout), cap K, states CP w/ federalism NB, backstopping DA, case (natives turns, ocean bio-d turns, R&E t/o turn, whiteness/privilege/Kappeller turns)
2NR - cap K, case Rd 4 - vs. Louisville GH - decentralization/whiteness
1NC - framework, cap K, speed good, case (method turns - lots of 'em)
2NR - framework, case Rd 6 - vs. Georgetown CV - Reagan technocracy wankery
1NC - T (should is present tense, not counterfactuals), PIC out of the word "should," wipeout
2NR - wipeout Rd 8 - vs. Augustana EH - convert weapons production to RE production
1NC - T ("for" means no middle steps), FERC commission CP, case (heg is fucking good, so is SO2, answers to the security/anthro parts of the aff)
2NR - case Rd 1 - vs. Samford AS - Natives wind PTC
1NC - T (tribal lands aren't in the US), T (incentives means plural), Nietzsche, coal railroads DA (bioterror), SO2 turns, heg bad turns, blackouts turn
2NR - SO2 and heg bad Rd 4 - vs. Texas DS - DoD SMRs
1NC -
2NR - heg bad Rd 6 - vs. Augustana EH - convert weapons production to RE production
1NC - plan flaw, T (for means direct incentives only), PIC out of the wind portion of the aff (food prices NB, Africa wars impact), Nietzsche, same case args as round 8 at Wake
2NR - wind PIC Doubles - vs. Michigan BJ - OTEC
1NC - T (OTEC isn't in the US), Nietzsche, backstopping DA, heg bad, SO2 turn
2NR - SO2 turn and heg D Rd 1 - vs. Michigan HM - biomimetic solar
1NC - framework, T (energy production must be at a facility), Chow K, civ K, high theory privilege turns
2NR - civ K Rd 4 - vs. Minnesota CP - oil extraction on federal lands
1NC - T (substantially is without material qualifications), backstopping DA, immigration reform politics DA (science diplomacy and disease impact), Nietzsche K, case D
2NR - backstopping DA and case Rd 6 - vs. Michigan HL - IFRs
1NC - T (incentives is plural), Nietzsche K, Hagel politics DA (heg impact), coal railroads DA (bioterror), SO2 turns and case D
2NR - Hagel and case D Rd 7 - "Fighting Bowels" swing team - Baudrillard or something IDK it was just weird
1NC - civ K, privilege turns and humanism on case
2NR - same Octas - vs. Michigan CoMo - offshore nat gas fracking
1NC - coal railroads DA (bioterror), Hagel politics DA (heg impact), Nietzsche K, SO2 turn and case D
2NR - Hagel and case D Rd 1 - vs. UTSA CR - Latino/a disposability in relation to energy production
1NC - framework, Marxism K, PIC out of the narrative, identity politics turns
2NR - framework Rd 3 - vs. UCO BY - coal mining/black lung and waste dumping on Native lands
1NC - T (Native lands aren't in the US), Associated Nations CP, Nietzsche K, Chow K, immigration reform politics DA (economy impact), paternalism turns and various util-type cards
2NR - politics and case D Rd 5 - vs. UNT MQ - SMRs
1NC - T (incentives is plural), immigration reform politics DA (economy impact), neoliberalism K, SO2 turns, space weaponization turns
2NR - neoliberalism and case D Rd 7 - vs. KU BM - airborne wind power
1NC - T (energy production must be at a facility), immigration politics DA (econ impact), backstopping DA, Nietzsche K, Yellowstone carbon storage advantage CP, heg bad and case D
2NR - backstopping and heg bad Rd 2 - vs. Binghamton GR - Fukushima NRC biopolitics
1NC - framework, neoliberalism K, China coal DA, metaphor PIC, shit CP
2NR - China coal DA Rd 3 - vs. USC NT - nanotech solar
1NC - T (substantially is w/o material qualifications), T (procurement isn't a financial incentive), cyber security politics DA, neoliberalism K, nanotech advantage CP, heg bad, nano arms race turns
2NR - neoliberalism Rd 5 - vs. Minnesota CP - oil drilling on federal lands
1NC - T (substantially is w/o material qualifications), neoliberalism K, backstopping DA, cyber security politics DA, ANWR PIC
2NR - neoliberalism Rd 8 - vs. Michigan State FZ - PPPL fusion research
1NC - T (R and D isn't a FI), T ("generation" isn't energy production), neoliberalism K, cyber security politics DA, solar flares advantage CP
2NR - neoliberalism Rd 2 - vs. Baylor HK - DoD SMRs
1NC - T (procurement isn't a FI), cyber security politics DA, neoliberalism K, China coal DA
2NR - neoliberalism Rd 4 - vs. UMKC BS - invisible energy Irigaray "2.0"
1NC - framework, resolutionality, civ K, psychoanalysis, race and heterosexism Irigaray turns
2NR - civ K Rd 6 - vs. Houston AJ - CFIUS wind
1NC - T (substantially is 30%), T (plural), sequestration politics DA, Nietzsche K, SO2 screw
2NR - politics and SO2 Rd 1 - vs. JCCC BC - space SMRs
1NC - budget politics DA (Guam), coal railroads DA, neoliberalism K, space weaponization DA
2NR - politics, case D Rd 4 - vs. Minnesota PT - oil
1NC - (I wasn't in this round, so 1NC info coming mm)
2NR - backstopping DA, case Rd 6 - vs. UCO BD - coal mining/black lung and waste dumping on Native lands/TERA wind
1NC - T (NA lands not "in the US"), Associated Nations CP, ban CP (housing prices NB), Nietzsche K, budget politics DA (economy), bunch of case turns
2NR - politics, util and case turns Rd Octas - KU HR - "public land" restrictions on Native American oil/gas
1NC - T (NA lands not "in the US"), Associated Nations CP, Marxism K, budget politics DA (hegemony), backstopping DA, "West" K, lots of case turns
2NR - politics, "West" K (w/o alt), case turns |
| 40 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas ClMi | Judge: A. Nuclear power must be connected to a grid and for civilian use
Wordnet 3.0 (Princeton University, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nuclear+power) nuclear power - nuclear energy regarded as a source of electricity for the power grid (for civilian use) B. Plan involves nuclear reactors that are not connected to the civilian grid |
| 20 | 10/24/2012 | |
| 5 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wake DuLa | Judge: Increase financial incentives presumes well-developed, pre-existing program
Webster’s Dictionary 1998 Increase: to make
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well grown, or well developed No SMR incentives have been fully developed
Rosner and Goldberg 11
(Robert Rosner, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director, Argonne National Laboratory ¶ Senior Fellow, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago¶ Research Coordinator, Global Nuclear Future Initiative ¶ American Academy of Arts and Sciences, "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power ¶ Generation in the U.S." Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf-http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf) As illustrated in the previous discussion, until significant learning benefits are achieved, the
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this type of¶ management model are discussed in the subsections that follow. |
| 10 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wake DuLa | Judge: Interpretation – "financial incentives" are funding for investors to develop a project – that excludes nonfinancial incentives like procurement
Czinkota et al, 9
Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University (Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69 – google books) Incentives offered by policymakers to facilitate foreign investments are mainly of three types: fiscal
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import quotas, and local content requirements, and investments in infrastructure facilities. Violation – procurements are purchases that don’t motivate action – they just buy a technology that already exists
Nelson 93
(Edward W., Chairman – Payment Subcommittee in OPTN/UNOS Ethics Committee, "Financial Incentives for Organ Donation," Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, 6-30, http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/bioethics.asp?index=4)
Definition of Financial Incentives A definition of terms is necessary prior to a discussion of
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"purchases" and "donors" are therefore not transformed into ’vendors." |
| 30 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 5 | Opponent: Central Florida MaVi | Judge: A. Interpretation and violation – topical affs must remove restrictions or increase financial incentives throughout the U.S. – the aff only does it for wealthy areas "In" means "throughout"
Words and Phrases 8
(Permanent Edition, vol. 20a, p. 207) Colo. 1887. In the Act of 1861
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, 14, p. 114, 117, 10 Colo. 126. |
| 11 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 4 | Opponent: UNLV CC | Judge: Interpretation – "financial incentive" is a distinct category that requires a cash transfer – tax incentives are not included.
Christiansen %26 Böhmer 5
(Hans, Senior Economist in the OECD Directorate for Financial, Fiscal and Enterprise Affairs, %26 Alexander, co-ordinator of the MENA-OECD Investment Programme in the OECD’s Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs, Investment Division, "Incentives and Free Zones In The MENA Region: A Preliminary Stocktaking," MENA-OECD Investment Programme, OECD, Working Group 2, p. 4-5, www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/22/36086747.pdf) I. Toward a common definition of incentives and FEZs¶ a) Investment incentives
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g. job training cost; expatriation support; and temporary wage subsidies). Violation – that excludes tax credits
Chi and Hoffman 2k
(Keon S., Senior Fellow – CSG, and Daniel J., Research Associate, "State Business Incentives: Trends and Options for the Future," The Council of State Governments, http://www.csg.org/knowledgecenter/docs/Misc00BusinessIncentives.pdf) In this report, the term "business incentives" is broadly defined as public
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or job training assistance offered to help create, retain or lure businesses. |
| 21 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: Western Connecticut St. AE | Judge: Interp – energy production in the context of the resolution is "The production of electricity, combustible fuels, nuclear and thermonuclear fuels, and heating and cooling by renewable resources"
NASA 2012 (NASA Science and Technical Information Program, http://www.sti.nasa.gov/sscg/44.html) Energy Production – The
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, Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Violation – the aff increases black energy production via the black body – that doesn’t require converting fuels into electricity |
| 50 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: All | Round: Many | Opponent: | Judge: A. Our framework – The aff must present a predictable and stable policy option and defend that the United States federal government should adopt their policy. B. That’s most predictable given the wording of the resolution: —"Resolved" expresses intent to implement the plan
American Heritage 2k
pl?term=resolved
To find a solution to; solve
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To bring to a usually successful conclusion —The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters
Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2k
http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm-http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is
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the colon with a capital letter.
—"The USFG" is the government in Washington D.C.
Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k ~[http://encarta.msn.com~~]
"The federal
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Washington DC." —That excludes action by smaller political groups or individuals.
Black’s Law Seventh Edition Ed. Bryan A. Garner (chief) 99
Federal government 1. A national government that
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participate in national political matters. —"Should" denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage 2k ~[www.dictionary.com~]
3 Used to express AND
or expectation C. Violation – The affirmative doesn’t defend instrumental implementation of a policy by the USFG |
| 51 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: Lots | Round: Lots | Opponent: | Judge: No offense—good decisionmaking is a PROCESS, not an OUTCOME—it can be appropriated to any end
Perkins, senior professor of education – Harvard Graduate School of Education, ’9
(David, Education and a Civil Society: Teaching Evidence-Based Decision Making, p. 16) Good decision making can be seen as a double balancing act. The decision maker
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to put good decision-making practices into action in learners’ everyday lives? Forcing new forms of politics into the debate space prevents them from transcending abstraction and novelty
Jay 9
Modernism and theory: a critical debate (Google eBook) Martin Jay (born 1944) is the Sidney Hellman Ehrman Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a renowned Intellectual Historian and his research interests have been groundbreaking in connecting history with other academic and intellectual activities, such as the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, other figures and methods in continental Social Theory, Cultural Criticism, and Historiography among many others. Although he applauds the modernist intent to abandon exhausted models of" universalizing aesthetic
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—luckily not fully overcome and a future that is not yet born. |
| 75 | 10/24/2012 | |
| 76 | 10/24/2012 | |
| 100 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: OU ChRo | Judge: Oil prices are stable enough now and opec remains relatively unchallenged – no flood.
Economic times 12/26/12 (Oil output by OPEC members likely to remain strong next year¶ PTI Dec 26, 2012, http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-12-26/news/36008036_1_oil-output-opec-gulf-oil-review)kk
DUBAI: Output by OPEC-http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/OPEC block is likely to remain strong in 2013 as only
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struggling to fill the gap, prompting a sharp rise in oil prices. Increasing US production reduces US consumption - That causes Saudi Arabia to flood the oil market and collapse prices– tanks other producers.
ERGO 2/1/12 [Provides a wide range of research and consulting services focused on oil and gas, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, citing eight sources from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, OPEC, and Middle East politics, ‘The Waning Era of Saudi Oil Dominance,’ http://www.ergo.net/ErgoSpecialReport_Saudi_Oil_Feb2012.pdf, ] Saudi Arabia’s importance to global oil markets is due not solely to its immense reserves
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and slowing upstream expansion programs in countries that had sought high oil prices. That crushes the Russian economy and undermines support for the regime
KRAMER 12 – New York Times writer and editor (ANDREW E. “Higher Oil Prices to Pay for Campaign Promises” New York Times March 16, 2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/business/global/vladimir-putins-big-promises-need-fueling-by-high-oil-prices.html?_r=2?pagewanted=print Putin Needs)
MOSCOW — In American presidential politics, high oil prices are a problem. For
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plan, though, was never part of Mr. Putin’s stump speech. Extinction
FILGER 2009 (Sheldon, author and blogger for the Huffington Post, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)
In Russia historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree that
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the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence. Perception of oil consumption decline causes saudi’s to flood the market – lowers prices
MORSE AND RICHARDS 2002 (Edward L. Morse is Executive Adviser at Hess Energy Trading Company and was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Energy Policy in 1979-81. James Richard is a portfolio manager at Firebird Management, an investment fund active in eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia, Foreign Affairs, March/April) A simple fact explains this conclusion: 63 percent of the world’s proven oil reserves
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lost in the preceding four years, mainly to non-OPEC countries. That crushes the Russian economy
KRAMER 12 – New York Times writer and editor (ANDREW E. "Higher Oil Prices to Pay for Campaign Promises" New York Times March 16, 2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/business/global/vladimir-putins-big-promises-need-fueling-by-high-oil-prices.html?_r=2?pagewanted=print Putin Needs) MOSCOW — In American presidential politics, high oil prices are a problem. For
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plan, though, was never part of Mr. Putin’s stump speech. Extinction
FILGER 2009
(Sheldon, author and blogger for the Huffington Post, "Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction" http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356) In Russia historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree that
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the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence. |
| 101 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: All | Round: Lots | Opponent: | Judge: Alt energy signals cause OPEC to flood
Goodstein ’07
PhD, professor of physics and applied physics at Caltech (David L, "OPEC Accepts No Substitute" Nature Physics vol. 3, November 2007, p.750) At the time of the invasion of Iraq, the reasons given for it seemed
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. There is no substitute for the cheap oil that runs our civilization. There is a substitution effect between nuclear and oil prices
Lee and Chiu 10
(Chien-Chiang, Yi-Bun – University Kaohsiung Taiwan;“Oilprices, nuclear energy consumption, and economic growth: New evidence using a heterogeneous panel analysis”; Energy Policy Volume 39, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 2111–2120)
This paper applies panel data analysis to examine the short-run dynamics and long
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no causality between nuclear energy consumption and economic growth in the short run. That crushes the putin’s regime credibility
KRAMER 12 – New York Times writer and editor (ANDREW E. "Higher Oil Prices to Pay for Campaign Promises" New York Times March 16, 2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/business/global/vladimir-putins-big-promises-need-fueling-by-high-oil-prices.html?_r=2?pagewanted=print Putin Needs)
MOSCOW — In American presidential politics, high oil prices are a problem. For
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plan, though, was never part of Mr. Putin’s stump speech. Cause US-Russia nuke war
PRY 1999 (Peter Vincent, Former US Intelligence Operative, War Scare: U.S.-Russia on the Nuclear Brink, netlibrary)
Russian internal troubles—such as a leadership crisis, coup, or civil war
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Russian affairs, with the West ignorant that it was in grave peril. |
| 102 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: All | Round: Lots | Opponent: | Judge: Nate Silver, FiveThirtyEight, 6-7-2012, Election Forecast: Obama Begins with Tenuous Advantage, p. http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/07/election-forecast-obama-begins-with-tenuous-advantage/-http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/07/election-forecast-obama-begins-with-tenuous-advantage/
The first look at the 2012 FiveThirtyEight presidential forecast has Barack Obama as a very
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and economic indicators are a pretty rough guide five months before an election. Nuclear power is politically toxic because of the environment – even if candidates have made commitments, nuclear will stay out of the election now.Elisa Wood, September 13, 2012. "What Obama and Romney Don’t Say About Energy,"
http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/13/what-obama-and-romney-dont-say-about-energy/
Nuclear energy supplies …. It was unimaginable what hit that plant." Non-fossil fuels are assessed in the context of high gas prices and spending – Obama can only lose on energy because the public believes he is in control*Robert Zharko, March 17, 2012, "Are Gas Prices Becoming President Obama’s Achilles’ Heel?" http://voices.yahoo.com/are-gas-prices-becoming-president-obamas-achilles-11114118.html "Every time prices start to go up, especially in an election year,
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benefit financially from the sun or wind. At least not in 2012. The Economist, 9-1-2012, Romney Could Screw Up US Relations with Russia, Business Insider, p. www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, accessed 9-2-2012
Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate in the US presidential election, has indicated that
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a narrative that portrays Russia as targeted by malevolent, interfering Western powers. Jeffrey Tayler, 2008 (Atlantic staff writer, "Medvedev Spoils the Party,"
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/11/medvedev-spoils-the-party/7130/-http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/11/medvedev-spoils-the-party/7130/)
Like it or not, the United States cannot solve crucial global problems without Russian
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indispensable nation" with which to face a volatile future arm in arm. The debate hasn’t eliminated Obama’s lead, but the race is uncertain
Eugene Robinson, 10/4, 2012. "Robinson: Barack Obama gives Mitt Romney an opening, but the election isn’t over yet," http://www.newsday.com/opinion/robinson-barack-obama-gives-mitt-romney-an-opening-but-the-election-isn-t-over-yet-1.4075027 I would be careful about declaring the presidential contest "a whole new race"
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. Obama has bounced back before. But no, this ain’t over. Nuclear power is politically toxic because of the environment – even if candidates have made commitments, nuclear will stay out of the election now.
Elisa Wood, 9/13, 2012. "What Obama and Romney Don’t Say About Energy,"
http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/13/what-obama-and-romney-dont-say-about-energy/ Nuclear energy supplies about 20 percent of US electricity, and just 18 months ago
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billions to protect the public. It was unimaginable what hit that plant." Costs Obama his base
Huffington Post, 12-27-11. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-schiffman/the-epa-gets-it-right-but_b_1169977.html Obama’s decision to back up the EPA on its latest effort to restrict mercury in
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others concerned with the health and safety of Americans will be watching closely. Obama loss causes China war
Swaine and Lu 12
Michael Swaine, Phd Harvard, specializes in Chinese security and foreign policy, U.S.–China relations, and East Asian international relations, one of the most prominent U.S. analysts in Chinese security studies, senior political scientist in international studies and also research director of the RAND Center for Asia-Pacific Policy, %26 Raymond Lu, lead author in this Asia Security Dispatch, 3-6-2012, "Mitt Romney’s Bleak China View", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2012/03/06/romney-s-china-policy-strategic-questions-still-unanswered/a0rl During the recent visit of Chinese heir apparent Xi Jinping to the United States,
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the ability to conduct unfettered surveillance along China’s eastern seaboard – into perpetuity. Extinction
Strait Times 2k
Straits Times (Singapore), June 25, 2000, No one gains in war over Taiwan THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating into a full
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should that come to pass, we would see the destruction of civilisation. The debate hasn’t eliminated Obama’s lead, but the race is uncertain
Eugene Robinson, 10/4, 2012. "Robinson: Barack Obama gives Mitt Romney an opening, but the election isn’t over yet," http://www.newsday.com/opinion/robinson-barack-obama-gives-mitt-romney-an-opening-but-the-election-isn-t-over-yet-1.4075027 I would be careful about declaring the presidential contest "a whole new race"
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. Obama has bounced back before. But no, this ain’t over. Nuclear power is politically toxic because of the environment – even if candidates have made commitments, nuclear will stay out of the election now.
Elisa Wood, 9/13, 2012. "What Obama and Romney Don’t Say About Energy,"
http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/13/what-obama-and-romney-dont-say-about-energy/ Nuclear energy supplies about 20 percent of US electricity, and just 18 months ago
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billions to protect the public. It was unimaginable what hit that plant." Costs Obama his base
Huffington Post, 12-27-11. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-schiffman/the-epa-gets-it-right-but_b_1169977.html Obama’s decision to back up the EPA on its latest effort to restrict mercury in
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others concerned with the health and safety of Americans will be watching closely. Obama victory key to prevent economic collapse and war – impact is extinction
Mogulescu, 12
Entertainment attorney, writer, and political activist (7/13/2012, Miles, "Progressive Critics of President Obama Must Go All Out to Defeat Romney," html ) That said, I consider the possible election of Mitt Romney (and the likely
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. With all my heart, I urge other progressives to do likewise. The debate hasn’t eliminated Obama’s lead, but the race is uncertain
Eugene Robinson, 10/4, 2012. "Robinson: Barack Obama gives Mitt Romney an opening, but the election isn’t over yet," http://www.newsday.com/opinion/robinson-barack-obama-gives-mitt-romney-an-opening-but-the-election-isn-t-over-yet-1.4075027 I would be careful about declaring the presidential contest "a whole new race"
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. Obama has bounced back before. But no, this ain’t over. Public support for federal solar funding has disappeared, especially amongst Independents
Pew Research Center, 11
(November 10, "Partisan Divide Over Alternative Energy Widens," http://www.people-press.org/2011/11/10/partisan-divide-over-alternative-energy-widens/1/, d/a 8-4-12) Public support for increased
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Republican-leaning independents. Renewables are assessed in the context of high gas prices and spending – Obama can only lose on energy because the public believes he is in control
Robert Zharko, March 17, 2012, "Are Gas Prices Becoming President Obama’s Achilles’ Heel?" http://voices.yahoo.com/are-gas-prices-becoming-president-obamas-achilles-11114118.html "Every time prices start to go up, especially in an election year,
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benefit financially from the sun or wind. At least not in 2012. Romney win guarantees EPA regs rollback – overturns CAFÉ and carbon controls.
Star Ledger 12
~["Scary times for environment — especially if Mitt Romney wins" June 3 — http://blog.nj.com/njv_editorial_page/2012/06/scary_times_for_environment_—.html~] The grim report on jobs Friday greatly improves the odds that Republicans will win in
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, a frightening prospect if the extremists in the GOP strengthen their grip. EPA regulations are the only way to solve global warming and climate leadership
Parenti ’10
(Christian Parenti, a contributing editor at The Nation and a visiting scholar at the Center for Place, Culture and Politics, at the CUNY Grad Center, 4-20-10, "The Nation: The Case for EPA Action," http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126129216) On April 1 the Environmental Protection Agency established rules restricting greenhouse gas emissions from cars
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when Obama took office he allowed the EPA to do its job again. Extinction
Dyer 12
(Gwynne, London-based independent journalist, PhD from King’s College London, citing UC Berkeley scientists, "Tick, tock to mass extinction date," The Press, 6-19-12, l/n, accessed 8-15-12) Meanwhile, a team of respected scientists warn that life on Earth may be
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- dwelling species. This has happened many times in the Earth’s history. Early voting and registration favors Obama but Romney can still come back
Justin Sink, October 11, 2012. "Obama’s campaign manager: ’This thing is far from over’,"
http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/261511-obama-campaign-manager-this-thing-is-far-from-over
President Obama’s reelection team argued Thursday that it is already beginning to reap the benefits
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prepared to get out the vote," Bird said on the conference call. Wind energy is assessed in the context of high gas prices and spending – Obama can only lose on energy because the public believes he is in control*
Robert Zharko, March 17, 2012, "Are Gas Prices Becoming President Obama’s Achilles’ Heel?" http://voices.yahoo.com/are-gas-prices-becoming-president-obamas-achilles-11114118.html "Every time prices start to go up, especially in an election year,
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benefit financially from the sun or wind. At least not in 2012. Obama loss causes China war
Swaine and Lu 12
Michael Swaine, Phd Harvard, specializes in Chinese security and foreign policy, U.S.–China relations, and East Asian international relations, one of the most prominent U.S. analysts in Chinese security studies, senior political scientist in international studies and also research director of the RAND Center for Asia-Pacific Policy, %26 Raymond Lu, lead author in this Asia Security Dispatch, 3-6-2012, "Mitt Romney’s Bleak China View", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2012/03/06/romney-s-china-policy-strategic-questions-still-unanswered/a0rl During the recent visit of Chinese heir apparent Xi Jinping to the United States,
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the ability to conduct unfettered surveillance along China’s eastern seaboard – into perpetuity. Extinction
Strait Times 2k
Straits Times (Singapore), June 25, 2000, No one gains in war over Taiwan THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating into a full
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should that come to pass, we would see the destruction of civilisation. |
| 103 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Pitt LM | Judge:
Cap is key to solve warming – even if it doesn’t, it’s key to adaptability
Callahan 7
(Gene, adjunct scholar with the Ludwig von Mises Institute, Oct, ~[www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/how-a-free-society-could-solve-global-warming/~] AD: 6-22-11) For these reasons, I believe it is crucial to accept provisionally, for the
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and thus help protect them from those effects, is the free market. Warming is real, anthropogenic, and by far the largest risk of extinction
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2") Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Warming ensures systemic impacts that will affect the most vulnerable populations
Ted Glick, National Coordinator of the Independent Progressive Politics Network, 1-13-’4 "Global warming: not just another issue" http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Jan04/Glick0113.htm I’ve been in and around the environmental movement since the first Earth Day in 1970
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the largest and broadest vote for democracy, peace and justice in November. Saving lives when faced with extinction is the most moral act
Kateb 92
George, professor of politics @ Princeton University. "The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture." What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do
AND - they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)
|
| 104 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Weber GO | Judge:
Indonesia’s coal tax and export ban takes out China’s largest source – creates an energy crisis
Carl Pope 7/19/12
(former chairman of the Sierra Club, "Cheap Coal Is Dead. Long Live Renewables. (Part 1)," http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-19/cheap-coal-is-dead-long-live-renewables-part-1-.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-19/cheap-coal-is-dead-long-live-renewables-part-1-.html) Indonesia is no longer willing to be the low-cost provider; it sees
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China’s and India’s booming, but still fundamentally poor, economies will double. Switching to solar would eliminate the US coal industry – it’s key to meet the demand
IBISWorld 7/6/12
(database of economic information and analysis on major US industries, "Coal Mining in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld," http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2012/7/prweb9672360.htm-http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2012/7/prweb9672360.htm) The Coal Mining industry has reached for the depths over the five years to 2012
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turn, industry firms have scrambled to acquire domestic firms to grow quickly. This is key to prevent Manilan aggression in the South China Sea – draws in major powers and escalates globally
Xinhua 9/2/12
("U.S. owes China convincing explanation of true intentions of its Asia Pivot policy," http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm-http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm) Since last fall, the Obama administration has been implementing the Pivot policy by expanding
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it is returning to Asia as a peacemaker, instead of a troublemaker. |
| 105 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 8 | Opponent: George Washington BS | Judge:
Silver supply is on the tight and on the brink of collapse but it will narrowly survive current crisis – new mining opportunities.
Angelo 7/30/12 (http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article35827.html-http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article35827.html Why Is Future Silver Supply More at Risk than Gold? Commodities / Gold and Silver 2012 Jul 30, 2012 - 12:34 PM By: Steve_St_Angelo)
Future Silver Supplies
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future — basically, they utilize a higher EROI in their production.
Solar panels use massive amounts of silver
Savinar ’04
Matt Savinar (Political Science from the University of California at Davis) 2004 "The Peak Oil and Die-Off," http://www.unicamp.br/fea/ortega/eco/traducao-DieOff.pdf
The geographic areas most suited for large solar farms are typically very warm areas,
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require copious quantities of silver, a precious metal already in short supply. Low silver prices are key to china’s economy
Irish ’10
Robert Irish <Investment Director Sound Profits>January 2010. "American Company Discovers Massive
’Silver Vein’… Below China’s Great Wall" http://www.investorsdailyedge.com/promos/SilverMISML200.html?o=64045%26s=65613%26u=37047487%26l=84547%26g=189%26r=Milo
China’s simply gobbling up metals faster each year. And silver just moved to the
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year, silver consumption hit 888 million ounces. And it’s headed higher. Chinese economic unrest risks war with russia and nuclear winter
Sharavin 1
Alexander Sharavin, "The Third Threat," Nezavisimoe Voennoe Obozrenie N. 27, September 28, 2001, WHAT THE PAPERS SAY (RUSSIA), October 1, 2001, LN.
Chinese propaganda has constantly been showing us skyscrapers in free trade zones in southeastern China
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is a realistic prospect - just like a war against NATO or Islamic extremists |
| 77 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: Western Connecticut State AE | Judge:
Quickly delivered evidence becomes a proxy for stories with which we’re all familiar – this rapid-fire simplification promotes effective communication and understanding within political debates
Holly Doremus, Professor of law at UC Davis, Winter 2000 ~[57 Wash %26 Lee L. Rev. 11~] A. Telling Political Stories It is not difficult to understand why the complex
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rational argument, no matter how logically compelling, typically does not. n193 (including above) Critical thinking – breakneck delivery teaches students to think fast in a way no other activity does.
Patrick Speice and Jim Lyle 2003 "traditional policy debate: now more than ever" Oceans Policy Adrift http://www.wfu.edu/Student-organizations/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/SpeiceLyle2003htm.htm Second, policy debate teaches debaters how to make these decisions quickly (Coverstone,
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is probably the most significant of skills that the policy debate model offers. |
| 201 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 2 | Opponent: Texas GM | Judge:
Text: The United States federal government should establish a joint commission between the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the 50 state governments to study removing state restrictions on local solar siting. A joint FERC commission motivates state siting reform without mandating it – empirically solves
Ari Peskoe Spring 11
(JD from Harvard Law ’11, "A Challenge for Federalism: Achieving National Goals in the Electricity Industry," MO. ENVTL. L. %26 POL’Y REV., Vol. 18, No. 2, http://law.missouri.edu/jesl/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Peskoe.pdf-http://law.missouri.edu/jesl/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Peskoe.pdf) Inevitably, some states will reject Congress’ standards and others will require a legislative fix
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finding may also motivate states to take preemptive action to avoid federal jurisdiction. Forces states to give into hard concessions on siting, even if they contradict state interests
Ari Peskoe Spring 11
(JD from Harvard Law ’11, "A Challenge for Federalism: Achieving National Goals in the Electricity Industry," MO. ENVTL. L. %26 POL’Y REV., Vol. 18, No. 2, http://law.missouri.edu/jesl/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Peskoe.pdf-http://law.missouri.edu/jesl/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Peskoe.pdf) A more drastic move would be for Congress to expand FERC’s backstop authority established in
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-use decisions may be a tradeoff states are ultimately willing to make. |
| 202 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: All | Round: Lots | Opponent: | Judge: The fifty state governments of the United States and the District of Columbia should substantially increase loan guarantees for nuclear power plants built in high socio-economic areas.
Solves the aff
Dorothy Kosich, 18 Sep ’7
Mineweb.com, http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/view/mineweb/en/page38?oid=27202%26sn=Detail-http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/view/mineweb/en/page38?oid=27202%26sn=Detail A Standard %26 Poor’s report published Monday revealed that, as many U.S
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utilities with a cost recovery framework that complements federal incentives," Nikas forecast. Text: The 50 state governments of the United States, relevant territories, and the District of Columbia should substantially increase financial incentives sufficient to offset costs due to the non-permanence of United States Code Title 42, Chapter 100, § 9210(2). States solve wind best but any federal action pre-empts and wrecks the federalist balance
Roland Rosenberg 9
(Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Chancellor Professor of Law, William and Mary Law School, "HARMONIOUS FEDERALISM IN SUPPORT OF NATIONAL ENERGY GOALS—INCREASED WIND RENEWABLE ENERGY," http://web.law.und.edu/lawreview/issues/web_assets/pdf/85/85-4/85NDLR781.pdf-http://web.law.und.edu/lawreview/issues/web_assets/pdf/85/85-4/85NDLR781.pdf) This article will concentrate on the third element necessary for the future growth of wind
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necessary condition for the long-term development of wind power in America.
Now is a key time for state control of climate policy – determines the direction of future federalism
William M. Shobe and Dallas Burtraw Jan 12
(Shobe, Director, Center for Economic and Policy Studies at Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service; Burtraw, Darius Gaskins Senior Fellow in climate policy at Resources for the Future; "Rethinking Environmental Federalism in a Warming World," http://www.rff.org/RFF/Documents/RFF-DP-12-04.pdf-http://www.rff.org/RFF/Documents/RFF-DP-12-04.pdf) A third view is historical. Our scientific understanding of climate change is rapidly unfolding
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a national climate policy. Preempting local actions would interfere with this signaling. Modeled globally
Sovacool 08
Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, Adjunct Assistance Professor at the Virginia PI and University in Blacksburg VA Wrote a book, PhD in Science and Technology (Benjamin, Stanford Environmental Law Journal, June, 27 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 397, accessed July 13, 2008) Third, other countries continue to model American-style federalism. Germany, the
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scale becomes even more important for the signal it sends to the world. Global war
Calabresi ’95
(Steven G., Assistant Prof – Northwestern U., Michigan Law Review, Lexis) Small state federalism is a big part of what keeps the peace in countries like
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shouldabsorb more completely the attention of the U.S. Supreme Court. |
| 203 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 5 | Opponent: Central Florida MaVi | Judge: Text: The United States federal government should ban the construction of all nuclear power plants and begin to phase out all existing nuclear power plants in the United States. |
| 204 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 8 | Opponent: George Washington BS | Judge:
CP Text: The United States federal government should substantially reduce restrictions on passive solar construction in federally assisted housing for only solar products made with cadmium-telluride cells modeled after those used by First Solar Inc. Solar panels can be made without silver by replacing traditional cells with cadmium telluride—First Solar proves
Goossens 11 (Ehren, writer for Bloomberg News) Bloomberg News. "Silver surge makes headwind for solar/fossil fuel rivalry." 23 June 2011. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-22/silver-surge-makes-headwind-for-solar-in-fossil-fuel-rivalry.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-22/silver-surge-makes-headwind-for-solar-in-fossil-fuel-rivalry.html
High silver prices may
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photovoltaic cells, and do not use any silver.
And, Cadmium telluride works even better than traditional panels
Mcandless and Sites 2003 (Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Brian E. McCandless and James R. Sites University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, spring 2003 https://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~yokochia/wiki/uploads/Documents/ch14%20CdTe.pdf-https://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/yokochia/wiki/uploads/Documents/ch14 CdTe.pdf)
Thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells are the basis of a
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with present and future development of thin-film CdTe cells and modules. |
| 205 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: Multiple | Round: Multiple | Opponent: | Judge:
Counter-advocacy: Klucas and I affirm a fundamental reorientation toward the topic toward the viewpoints of the multitude of Native American nations instead of the destructive over consumptive habits of western culture. Use of the term ’we’ paves the way for government intervention into individual lives and the debate space – this form of politicization in debate causes tyrannical rule and coercion, crushing the possibility for participatory democracy
Roger Kerr, Executive Director of the New Zealand Business Roundtable, ’3 ("The ’We’ Word: And the Tyranny of the Majority" http://www.cis.org.au/policy/summer03-04/polsumm0304-4.htm)
Of all such terms, ’we’ is the most subtle and troublesome. It is
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social discord at best and a slide into an Orwellian world at worst. Unchecked tyranny causes mass suffering – turns case
Rummel, Professor Emiritus at University of Hawaii, 1994 ~["Death By Government", http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/DBG.CHAP1.HTM~~] Power kills, absolute Power kills absolutely. This new Power Principle is the message
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this "nuclear war"—Gil Elliot’s Twentieth Century Book of the Dead. Thus, Kyle and I present the following advocacy: that Kyle and I should establish an inclusive ethical relationship with trash in our cities. We’ll clarify. |
| 206 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: Western Connecticut St. AE | Judge:
We advocate the entirety of the affirmative except for their inclusion of death imagery to describe the black body. Instead, you should affirm a methodology of afro-futurism. The concept of social death allows us to paint ideal victims – it reduces people to their least common denominator
Brown 09
~[Vincent, Professor of History and of African and African-American Studies at Harvard University, Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery, American Historical Review, December 2009~] Slavery and Social Death was widely reviewed and lavishly praised for its erudition and conceptual
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and political experience of enslavement and the struggles that produce historic transformations.7 The affirmative cultivates an ethic of resentment that equates political subjectivity with victimhood and suffering resulting in a culture of vengeance and blame
Brown ’93
~[Wendy (University of California, Santa Cruz); "Wounded Attachments"; Political Theory; Vol. 21, No. 3; August; p. 390-410; JSTOR nick~] However, it is not only the tension between freedom and equality but the prior
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Nietzsche’s terms, "anaesthetize") and externalize what is otherwise "unendurable." Afro-futurism is a comparatively better methodology for liberation of blackness – it recognizes the constructive agency of the individual against the backdrop of hope
Akpem and Womack 11
(D.Denenge Akpem is a performance artist, designer and educator. In addition to Black Arts Movement, she is teaching a new course entitled "Afro-Futurism: Pathways to Black Liberation" at Columbia College Chicago; Ytasha Womack is filmmaker, journalist and author of "Post Black: How A New Generation is Redefining African American Identity"; "What is Afro-Futurism," November 25, http://www.afrofutures.com/magazine/2011/11/what-is-afro-futurism/) YLW: I think it’s really interesting that you’re teaching Afro-Futurism. The
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envision a future with the goal of creative transformation for self and planet. |
| 207 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Puget Sound BQ | Judge:
Thus, Kyle and I present the following advocacy: that we should establish an inclusive ethical relationship with trash. We’ll clarify. A. The 1AC’s valorization of the urban city landscape reproduces ruralist discrimination
Bassett 2003
(Debra Lyn, Associate Professor of Law, Michigan State University-DCL College of Law, January, 88 Iowa L. Rev. 273) Our society has a "love-hate" relationship with its rural n1 communities
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, ruralism serves to exacerbate the impact of other forms of discrimination. n28 B. Impact – - Turns the case – their failure to recognize or challenge ruralism recreates devastating discrimination
Bassett 2003
(Debra Lyn, Associate Professor of Law, Michigan State University-DCL College of Law, January, 88 Iowa L. Rev. 273)
Ruralism has two equally devastating impacts. First, ruralism exacerbates the impact of discrimination
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, the concepts of justice and equal protection ought to apply to ruralism. 2. the discrimination they replicate disenfranchises rural populations
Bassett 2003
(Debra Lyn, Associate Professor of Law, Michigan State University-DCL College of Law, January, 88 Iowa L. Rev. 273) Rural people are so widely dispersed that they are politically invisible. They are a
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Rural people feel powerless and disenfranchised because they are powerless and disenfranchised. n71 Academic fascination with identity construction has largely ignored the rural/urban axis—our criticism subsumes their arguments, because our argument exposes the oppressive and reductionist erasure of the rural manifested in the 1ac
Bassett in 2006 (Debra Lyn, UC Davis Law, Alabama LR, Summer) The rural remainder are outsiders. They are geographical outsiders, living beyond metropolitan boundaries
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in the city can take a different form from that in the countryside. |
| 301 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: All | Round: Lots | Opponent: | Judge: Focus on individual struggle trades off with class struggle, leaving us at the mercy of the system at large
Zavarzadeh 94
(Mas’ud, "The Stupidity that Consumption is Just as Productive as Production (Marx, Theories of Surplus-Value)," The Alternative Orange Vol. 4 No. 1, Fall/Winter 1994,http://www.etext.org/Politics/AlternativeOrange/4/v4n1_cpp.html-http://www.etext.org/Politics/AlternativeOrange/4/v4n1_cpp.html) Reading and writing as stories of power-and-resistance are now part of
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. This is the post-al left in its most lucid moment. That makes extinction inevitable
International Review ’89
(The decomposition of capitalist society, 57:2 http://en.internationalism.org/node/3070-http://en.internationalism.org/node/3070) Similarly, all the disasters that the ecologists blame on ’technical progress’ the growing
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no limit to the horror of this bloody monster that is decadent capitalism. Our alternative is to reject the aff in favor of historical materialism – that’s the best methodology for fighting capital and is key to agency
Holmstrom 97
(Nancy, Professor Emeritus Department of Philosophy at Rutgers, Renewing Historical Materialism, Solidarity, http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/2198)-http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/2198%29 Wood’s interpretation of historical materialism has been pejoratively labeled "Political Marxism," but she
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sees "historical determinations, structured processes with human agencies." (78) Their focus on our connection to nature depoliticizes the left and renders it docile which prevents resistance against capitalism – it’s the root of individualizing mentalities
Hudson 8
"The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life." Mediations 23.2 (Spring 2008) 88-117. www.mediationsjournal.org/the-political-animal Over the past few decades, the rise of environmentalism, ecology, and the
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effects of the mode of production and assuming that they will rectify themselves. The aff’s attempts to reformulate our understanding of existence as energy expenditure is just an attempt to make their identities more fluid - stability is necessary, they depoliticize the energy economy
Zizek 99
(Slavoj Zizek, The Ticklish Subject pp 343-44)
The big news of today’s post-political age of the ’end of ideology’ is
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more than ever caught in an inexorable compulsion that effectively runs his life. The essentialism of environmental justice denies the agency of minority groups and threatens their survival.
Yamamoto and Lyman 1
(Eric K, Hawaii Law School law prof., and Jen-L W, UC Berkeley visiting law prof., University of Colorado Law Review, 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 311, Spring, p. 311-313) "Racial communities are not all created equal." 1 Yet, the established environmental
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provides needed jobs in the area and is an aspect of group economic survival A focus on identity politics trades off with the material oppression that capitalism has caused to produce racialized oppression.
Koshy 2001
(Susan Koshy, “Morphing Race into Ethnicity: Asian Americans and Critical Transformations of Whiteness”, Duke University Press, Project Muse) Whiteness studies has focused primarily on the historical emergence of liminal European groups (the
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of agency that account for complicity and resistance within this intermediary racial group. Hip hop can’t build coalitions in capitalism – capitalism hijacks your resistance to essentialize stereotypes that reify racial divides – causes universal complicity in racism.
Hip Hop In Urban America 10
“Ghettocentrismand Capitalism - Tues Group 1 Annotated Playlist” July 5, 2010. http://hiphopinurbanamerica.blogspot.com/2010/07/ghettocentrism-capitalism-tues-group-1.html David Samuels explains the popularity of
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but is a collection of stereotypical images that please a largely white, voyeuristic market. The aff’s analysis destroys the potential revolution – it replaces the efforts of the oppressed with the misinformed hyper educated idyllic notions of privileged intellectuals
Poitevin 01, Assistant Professor at the Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2001 (Rene Francisco, "The end of ant-capitalism as we knew it," Socialist Review,http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3952/is_200101/ai_n8932891-http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3952/is_200101/ai_n8932891) First, in the postmodern/post-Marxist world, it is the (
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Leninist) nothing short of a new vanguardism on post-structuralist steroids. Their psychoanalysis traps us in tautology. Any disagreement is interpreted as "resistance," trapping us in a cycle of domination masquerading as criticism
Brickman ’3
~[Celia (Center for Religion and Psychotherapy of Chicago, PhD in Religion and the Human Sciences at the University of Chicago); Aboriginal Populations in the Mind: Race and Primitivity in Psychoanalysis; Columbia University Press; New York; p. 192-3 nick~]
This adversarial configuration of the analytic relationship arises out of Freud’s understanding of the transference
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as primitive—the locating of a subject in a position of subordination. With them in a position of authority, the aff is treated as raw material. They replace material exploitation with psychic exploitation
Brickman ’3
~[Celia (Center for Religion and Psychotherapy of Chicago, PhD in Religion and the Human Sciences at the University of Chicago); Aboriginal Populations in the Mind: Race and Primitivity in Psychoanalysis; Columbia University Press; New York; p. 201-2 nick~] The authority of early anthropologists and psychoanalysis alike had been bolstered by the attempts of
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material, rather than part of the final product, of the investigation. A focus on identity politics trades off with the material oppression that capitalism has caused to produce racialized oppression.
Koshy 2001
(html, "Morphing Race into Ethnicity: Asian Americans and Critical Transformations of Whiteness", Duke University Press, Project Muse) Whiteness studies has focused primarily on the historical emergence of liminal European groups (the
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of agency that account for complicity and resistance within this intermediary racial group. Their race-based politics of the environmental justice movement reconstitutes racism and precludes unifying movements.
Shellenberger 8
(Michael, environmental strategist, March/April, Utne Reader, "Complete Interview: The Temperature Transcends Race", p. 6, http://www.utne.com/2008-03-01/Environment/Complete-Interview-The-Temperature-Transcends-Race.aspx-http://www.utne.com/2008-03-01/Environment/Complete-Interview-The-Temperature-Transcends-Race.aspx) Ever since we wrote "Death of Environmentalism" we’ve been in various debates about
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to put an end to race-based politics not to reconstitute it. |
| 302 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: OU ChRo | Judge: Debate is a not a place for irrelevant philosophy – it is a place for the growth of ideas to emancipate the oppressed. Few of us will become philosophers, but we will all be faced with ethnical calls to assist others. The way we approach debate as an educational institution should not be a question of personal fulfillment, but the isolation of systems of oppression and their dismantlement for the sake of others.
Grande in 04
(sandy, Red Pedagogy) (5-6) The trauma of struggling against colonialism in a postcolonial Zeitgeist manifests most acutely in American
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in anti-imperialist and anticapitalist struggles (i.e., decolonization). The 1AC is symptomatic of a philosophy seeing language being manipulatable, truth not existing, and normative ethics not having any value – this creates the conditions necessary for us to separate ourselves from responsibility for moral atrocities, and represents the death of humanist values.
Ketels 96
~[Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)~] ~[*46~] THE political bestiality of our age is abetted by our willingness to
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Nothing less than the transformation of human consciousness is likely to rescue us. Their emulsion of the Good as becoming Evil is ethical dogmatism – it pits us in a politics that can only affirm the corruption of morals – this was utilized by Stalin and Hitler to perpetuate the greatest mass killings of our day.
Ketels 96
~[Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)~] The deadly consequences of linguistic abuse and skepticism, including their insidious seduction to silence
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watched, dumbly passive, as before, in the Holocaust against Jews. The impact is the continuation of catastrophe – ceding our ethical responsibility makes mass slaughter inevitable – our response should not be vacuous word games – it should be material action and intellectual organization about what that material action should entail premised upon humanist values.
Ketels 96
~[Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)~] But well-schooled intellectuals know that contingency rules human history. The flow of
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repudiate hu¬manist values because they are in¬adequate as an antidote to evil.16 |
| 303 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: Lots | Round: Lots | Opponent: | Judge: Vote neg to affirm complete nihilism – the act of complete nihilism is tantamount to the transvaluation of all values and offers the only way that we can understand and affirm the world as it is, not "as it should be"
White 90
(Alan, public user of thought and Professor of Philosophy Williams College, Within Nietzsche’s Labyrinth) All of this suggests that radical nihilism remains "something to be overcome." The
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good" (N:9~[60~] / WP:585). Attempts to understand international relations in ways that create structured order are new, malignant inscriptions of the will to power- this construction can be called the will to truth which and is fundamentally a tyrannical attempt to manage and control.
Saurette 96
~[Paul Saurette, salt and pepper sexy Prof Political Theory at John Hopkins University, 1996, "I Mistrust all Systematizers and Avoid Them’: Nietzsche, Arendt and Crisis of the Will to Order in International Relations Theory", Journal of International Studies, Vol. 25 No. 1 pp.1-28~] According to Nietzsche, the philosophical foundation of a society is the set of ideas
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transformation, the Will to Order becomes the fundamental philosophical principle of modernity. Proclaiming an obligation to the other is tantamount to declaring them an innocent in need of protection and traps the other in a perpetual state of victimization
Faulkner 08 [Joanne, "The Innocence of Victimhood Versus the "Innocence of Becoming": Nietzsche, 9/11, and the "Falling Man", University of New South Wales, The Journal Of Nietzsche Studies, Spring 2008, Project Muse]
The decision to jump hundreds of meters to one’s death from a burning building might
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to be out in the air … it must have felt like flying. The notion of self-preservation relies on a determinate understanding of reality which places survival as the ultimate goal. This reductionist view silences the possibilities for other ways of being and denies the dynamic nature of will to power – eliminates the benefit to existence
Aydin 07 [Ciano, attractive and thin scholarly type with a rather large nose who is a post-doctoral research fellow and lecturer at the University of Twente and the Radboud University “Nietzsche on Reality as Will to Power: Toward an “Organization-Struggle” Model” The Journal of Nietzsche Studies, Issue 33, Spring 2007, Accessed on Project Muse 13 January 2010] There is in Nietzsche’s worldview nothing that has existence and meaning outside the “game
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to preserve itself. Nietzsche repudiates that there is such a self.1 |
| 304 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: UNT KP | Judge:
The affirmative is the Maoist – they construct an ideal subaltern through oppression veneration for their own paternalistic solidarity – this transforms academia into solely personally-beneficial Otherness consumption
Chow 93
Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University, 1993 Writing Diaspora, p. 10-13 The Orientalist has a special sibling whom I will, in order to highlight her
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longer distinguishable from those of us who have had our consciousnesses "raised." This creates cycles of exclusion, making their impacts inevitable. Rejecting the affirmative because their blindness to their intellectual project’s privileged foundations is a prior question – this allows you prevent becoming the object and instrument of power by investigating your own privilege
Chow 93
Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University, 1993 Writing Diaspora, p. 16-17 Why are "tactics" useful at this moment? As discussions about "multiculturalism
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off field, in the military no less than in the academic sense? |
| 501 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
Focus on proximate causation is key to good scholarship – our epistemology is sufficient and the K isn’t a trump card
Rotter ’2k
(Andrew, Professor of History at Colgate, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review, 105(4), October) For diplomatic historians, the link between cause and effect is crucial, and this
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Imperialism is not just an attitude. War is not preeminently a discourse. Saving lives when faced with extinction is the most moral act
Kateb 92
George, professor of politics @ Princeton University. "The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture." What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do
AND - they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)
Always a value to life
Augustine-http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/keith_augustine/ 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
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as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. No root cause
Brian Martin, Professor of Science, Technology and Society at the University of Wollongong, 1990
~[Uprooting War, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html~~] In this chapter and in the six preceding chapters I have examined a number of
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the roots of war and developing strategies for grassroots movements to uproot them. Empiricism allows us to pragmatically respond to impacts
Liu 96
(Xiuwu, Assistant Prof. Interdisciplinary Studies – Miami U. Ohio, "Western perspectives on Chinese higher education", p. 22-24, Google Print) The pervious section goes to some lengths to underscore the plain fact that the studied
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adequate model for cross-cultural inquiry should account for these limiting cases. The possibility of extinction requires the assessment of risks despite probability
Yudkowsky 8
(Full-time Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Cofounder Eliezer, January 22nd 2008, "Circular Altruism")JFS Overly detailed reassurances can also create false perceptions of safety: "X is not
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a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy. Every instance of oppression except death is irreversible
Bauman 6
(Zygmunt, Prof Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Leeds, Liquid Fear, p 29-30, AD: 12/20/09) Irreparable ... Irremediable Irreversible... Irrevocable yond recall or remedy ... The point of no
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is only man because he is a death in the process of becoming%21 The ontological question is impossible to answer. The kritik will lock us into an infinitely regressive cycle destroying political praxis.
Levinas and Nemo 1985
Emmanuel (professor of philosophy) and Philippe (professor of new philosophy), Ethics and Infinity, 1985, pg. 6-7
Are we not in need of still more precautions? Must we not step back
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, in its inability to escape itself, to escape being and essence. Extinction precedes ontology – existence is a prerequisite for the self
Wapner 3
~[Paul Wapner is associate professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University, DISSENT / Winter 2003~]JFS All attempts to listen to nature are, indeed, social constructions, except one
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-critics must be supporters, in some fashion, of environmental preservation. Predictions don’t have to be perfect, but they can be accurate enough to create causal chains to act on.
Mesquita ’11
Bruce Bueno De Mesquita, Julius Silver Professor of Politics at New York University, July 18, 2011. "Fox-Hedging or Knowing: One Big Way to Know Many Things. http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/18/bruce-bueno-de-mesquita/fox-hedging-or-knowing-one-big-way-to-know-many-things/?utm_source=feedburner%26utm_medium=feed%26utm_campaign=Feed%3A+cato-unbound+%28Cato+Unbound%29 It is hard to say which is more surprising, that anyone still argues that
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moving target because technology, ideas, and subject adaptation will be ongoing. Even if we can’t be certain, our predictions based on multiple empirical methods provide sufficient guides to action
Walt 2005
("The relationship between theory and policy in international relations" Annual review of political science, 23-48) Policy decisions can be influenced by several types of knowledge. First, policy makers
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theory, large-N statistical analysis, and hermeneutical or interpretivist approaches. The aff will always fail to emancipate life – even when we accept that suffering is inevitable, such an affirmation denies human freedom to prevent suffering
Crosby in 88
(Donald A., Professor of Philosophy at Colorado State University, The specter of the absurd : sources and criticisms of modern nihilism) The second observation is that a considerable portion of human suffering is produced by the
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the benefits and yet to expect to have none of the potential liabilities? Material conditions determine disposability – not our orientation.
Taft-Kaufman 95 Speech prof @ CMU
Jill, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, "Other Ways", p pq
The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported
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political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them. |
| 502 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: 4 | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: U.S. nuclear capacity has been declining for a decade
E. MICHAEL BLAKE, May ’12
"U.S. capacity factors: The oldest reactors keep pace," Nuclear News, Pg. 29, JT IT IS CLEAR that 2011 was not as productive a year for the U
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carbon), but it has been that way for more than a decade. Oil prices will stabilize now unless OPEC floods the market
Gronholt-Pedersen 6/22
(Joseph, the Economist, "Oil Market Well Balanced; OPEC to Determine Short-Term Outlook -BP Economist" http://investing.businessweek.com/research/markets/news/article.asp?docKey=600-201206220519DOWJONESENRGYSVC000603-1%26params=timestamp%7C%7C06/22/2012%205:19%20AM%20ET%7C%7Cheadline%7C%7COil%20Market%20Well%20Balanced%3B%20OPEC%20to%20Determine%20Short-Term%20Outlook%20-BP%20Economist%7C%7CdocSource%7C%7CDow%20Jones%20and%20Company%2C%20Inc.%7C%7Cprovider%7C%7CACQUIREMEDIA-http://investing.businessweek.com/research/markets/news/article.asp?docKey=600-201206220519DOWJONESENRGYSVC000603-1%26params=timestamp%7C%7C06/22/2012%205:19%20AM%20ET%7C%7Cheadline%7C%7COil%20Market%20Well%20Balanced%3B%20OPEC%20to%20Determine%20Short-Term%20Outlook%20-BP%20Economist%7C%7CdocSource%7C%7CDow%20Jones%20and%20Company%2C%20Inc.%7C%7Cprovider%7C%7CACQUIREMEDIA ) SINGAPORE—The global oil market is more balanced now than it was in 2011
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level, and they can do that for a while," he said. The plan reduces US consumption – that causes Saudi Arabia to flood the oil market and collapse prices – tanks other producers.
ERGO 2/1/12
~[Provides a wide range of research and consulting services focused on oil and gas, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, citing eight sources from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, OPEC, and Middle East politics, ’The Waning Era of Saudi Oil Dominance,’ http://www.ergo.net/ErgoSpecialReport_Saudi_Oil_Feb2012.pdf, ~] Saudi Arabia’s importance to global oil markets is due not solely to its immense reserves
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and slowing upstream expansion programs in countries that had sought high oil prices. That crushes the Russian economy
Kramer 12
New York Times writer and editor (ANDREW E. "Higher Oil Prices to Pay for Campaign Promises" New York Times March 16, 2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/business/global/vladimir-putins-big-promises-need-fueling-by-high-oil-prices.html?_r=2?pagewanted=print Putin Needs) MOSCOW — In American presidential politics, high oil prices are a problem. For
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plan, though, was never part of Mr. Putin’s stump speech.
Causes nuclear war and extinction
Filger 9
(Sheldon, Staff Huffington http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356 AQB) In Russia historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree that
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the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence. Significantly expanding nuclear power guarantees massive radiation disasters
LYMAN Et al ’7
Edwin Lyman, senior staff scientist in the UCS Global Security Program, Lisbeth Gronlund-co-director and senior scientist of the UCS Global Security Program. David Lochbaum, dir. of the nuclear safety project in the UCS Global Security Program, Union of Concerned Scientists, Nuclear power in a warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, p. 12-13, JT Nuclear power has significant and inherent risks that we must take into account when addressing
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the United States—or worldwide—would almost certainly increase these risks. Makes radiation emissions and leaks inevitable – will contaminate the food chain
Caldicott, ’6
Helen, Founder and President of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute, Nuclear Power is not the answer, pg. viii-ix While currently the creation of nuclear electricity emits only one-third the amount of
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near nuclear power plants or radioactive waste facilities for many generations to come. This risks extinction
Caldicott, ’6
Helen, Founder and President of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute, Nuclear Power is not the answer, pg. viii-ix As a physician, I contend that nuclear technology threatens life on our planet with
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affected unless we bring about a dramatic reversal of the world’s pronuclear policies. Heg doesn’t solve war
Christopher Preble (director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute) August 2010 "U.S. Military Power: Preeminence for What Purpose?" http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/u-s-military-power-preeminence-for-what-purpose/ Most in Washington still embraces the notion that America is, and forever will be
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States while the schlubs in fly-over country pick up the tab. Dominance doesn’t equal influence – the US lacks leverage.
Mastanduno 9
(Michael, Professor of Government at Dartmouth, World Politics 61, No. 1, Ebsco,)
During the cold war the United States dictated the terms of adjustment. It derived
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way, but it can no longer count on getting its own way. No impact to the transition – international order accommodates rising powers.
Ikenberry ’8
(G. John, professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, The Rise of China and the Future of the West Can the Liberal System Survive? Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb) Some observers believe that the American era is coming to an end, as the
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, but the Western order — if managed properly — will live on. Too many alt causes to save it
Layne 11
(Christopher Layne is Professor and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A %26 M University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service. "Bye bye, Miss American Pie" The European Magazine Online – 3-28-2011 http://theeuropean-magazine.com/223-layne-christopher/231-pax-americana-http://theeuropean-magazine.com/223-layne-christopher/231-pax-americana) American primacy’s end is result of history’s big, impersonal forces compounded by the United
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. Indeed, the Pax Americana is already is crumbling in slow motion. No terror I/L Terrorism impact is silly – not that big, can be stopped, exaggerated, inevitable
STEWART 3/22/12
Stratfor Intelligence Reporter
Scott Stewart, Keeping Terrorism in Perspective, Stratfor,http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/keeping-terrorism-perspective-http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/keeping-terrorism-perspective~]
By design, terrorist attacks are intended to have a psychological impact far outweighing the
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and minimize the impact of such attacks if they maintain the proper perspective. No nuclear terrorism – over twenty stages – failing at one means zero risk
Mueller ’10
(John, Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and a Professor of Political Science at The Ohio State University, A.B. from the University of Chicago, M.A. and Ph.D. @ UCLA, Atomic Obsession – Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda, Oxford University Press) LIKELIHOOD In his thoughtful, influential, and well-argued 2004 book, Nuclear
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to find the prospects daunting and accordingly uninspiring or even terminally dispiriting. " Small impact
Mueller ’10
(John, Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and a Professor of Political Science at The Ohio State University, A.B. from the University of Chicago, M.A. and Ph.D. @ UCLA, Atomic Obsession – Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda, Oxford University Press, Accessed @ Emory) In the ensuing decades, massive exaggerations of the physical effects of nuclear weapons have
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force of an earthquake, one-thousandth the force of a hurricane." No retaliation – everyone will keep level-headed
Hank C. Jenkins-Smith, PhD. Professor at the George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A%26M University and Kerry G. Herron, Ph.D. Research Scientist at George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A%26M University, Fall 2004 Our final contrasting set of expectations relate to the degree to which the public will
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-ness to engage in military retaliation moderated significantly over the following year. Nuclear power requires massive water supplies and spreads contamination
Sovacool and Cooper, ’8
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Ph.D., Res. Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National Univ. of Singapore and Adjunct Asst. Prof. at the Virginia Polytechnic Inst. %26 State Univ., and Christopher Cooper, Principal Partner for Oomph Consulting, LLC, and the former Executive Dir. of the Network for New Energy Choices (NNEC), "Nuclear Nonsense: Why Nuclear Power is No Answer to Climate Change and the World’s Post-Kyoto Energy Challenges," 33 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 1 (2008), ACC. 7-22-12, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2-http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2, JT The nuclear industry’s vast appetite for water has serious consequences, both for human consumption
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operate during droughts357 and in some cases can actually cause water shortages.358 Nuclear power risks collapsing biodiversity—the entire food chain is at risk
Sovacool and Cooper, ’8
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Ph.D., Res. Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National Univ. of Singapore and Adjunct Asst. Prof. at the Virginia Polytechnic Inst. %26 State Univ., and Christopher Cooper, Principal Partner for Oomph Consulting, LLC, and the former Executive Dir. of the Network for New Energy Choices (NNEC), "Nuclear Nonsense: Why Nuclear Power is No Answer to Climate Change and the World’s Post-Kyoto Energy Challenges," 33 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 1 (2008), ACC. 7-22-12, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2-http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2, JT Nuclear plants do not just use water-they also contaminate it at multiple points
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plant and animal life by curtailing photosynthesis and the production of oxygen. 377 Everything dies
Bryant ’3
Donald A., Dep’t. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology @ Penn. State University, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, August 19, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/17/9647) Oxygenic photosynthesis accounts for nearly all the primary biochemical production of organic matter on Earth
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life on Earth equally depends on the photosynthesis that occurs in Earth’s oceans. Best studies prove proliferation is slow and non-threatening – nuclear restraint
Potter and Mukhatzhanova 8
(William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. Gaukhar Mukhatzhanova is Research Associate at the James Martin Center. "Nuclear Phobia", International Herald Tribune, September 23, Infotrac) A review of declassified U.S. national intelligence estimates (NIEs), as
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whom pursuit of nuclear weapons poses major political, economic and security costs. No risk of arms races – nuclear weapons make force comparisons irrelevant
Kenneth Waltz, Emeritus Professor of Political Science at UC Berkeley and Adjunct Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate, 1995, p. 29-30
For three main rea¬sons, new nuclear states are likely to decrease, rather than
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ranges neither side need respond to increases in the other side’s military capabilities. Proliferation solves nuclear and conventional conflict
Asal and Beardsley 7
professors of political science (Victor Asal and Kyle Beadsley, "Proliferation and International Crisis Behavior", Vol 44, No. 2, March 2007, Journal of peace research, pp. 139-155, JSTOR, ZBurdette) Other, more optimistic, scholars see benefits to nuclear proliferation or, perhaps not
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plausible loss of social value commensurate with the potential gains of an attacker’. Conventional war kills billions
Arbatov et al ’89
(Alexei, Head, Nikolae Kishilov, Head of Section, and Oleg Amirov, Senior Researcher, Department on Problems of Disarmament – Institute of world Economic and International Relations, in "Conventional arms Control and East-West Security", Ed. Robert Blackwill and F. Stephen Larrabee, p. 76-78) A large-scale conventional war, even if it would not quickly boil over
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rate" of people and equipment, of the share of irreplaceable losses. The impact is reverse causal – preventing prolif guarantees escalation.
Joffe and Davis, 11
(Josef, James, Jan/Feb 2011, "Less Than Zero: Bursting the New Disarmament Bubble," Foreign Affairs Vol. 90 Iss. 1, Joffe: Editor of Die Zeit, a Senior Fellow at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, and Abramowitz Fellow in International Relations at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, Davis: Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Security Economics and Technology at the University of St.Gallen, JPL) These calculations include Israel, which would be left contending with several hundred million Arabs
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gone, stepping onto the first one might not lead straight to Armageddon. |
| 503 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge: Nuclear power is not inevitable
Parenti, ’8
Christian Parenti, org/bios/christian_parenti and visiting scholar at the CUNY Graduate Center, May 12, "What Nuclear Renaissance?," http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080512/parenti-http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080512/parenti, ACC. 7-20-12, JT The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) expects up to thirty applications to be filed
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since 1984, with almost as many plants canceled as completed since then. Grid outages are inevitable and your impacts are empirically denied
Earthquake Solutions, 2009, Date accessed 9-26-2009, (Power Grid – Why Worry? http://www.earthquakesolutions.com/id62.html-http://www.earthquakesolutions.com/id62.html) Power failure is a frequent secondary effect of earthquakes, fires and other emergencies.
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fail more often, and potentially with more serious failures of longer duration. Uranium mining annihilates indigenous cultures
WECF Dec. ’9
Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), Nuclear Power : The Critical Question, First hand reports from the frontlines of the nuclear fuel chain, p. 10, JT The people who are most affected by uranium mining are indigenous peoples including the Native
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of indigenous peoples, in order to support the Olympic Dam mining company. Expanding nuclear power increases leaching
Sovacool and Cooper, ’8
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Ph.D., Res. Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National Univ. of Singapore and Adjunct Asst. Prof. at the Virginia Polytechnic Inst. %26 State Univ., and Christopher Cooper, Principal Partner for Oomph Consulting, LLC, and the former Executive Dir. of the Network for New Energy Choices (NNEC), "Nuclear Nonsense: Why Nuclear Power is No Answer to Climate Change and the World’s Post-Kyoto Energy Challenges," 33 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 1 (2008), ACC. 7-22-12, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2-http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2, JT Nuclear power plants run primarily on uranium. Uranium is found in minute quantities in
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enriched "through gaseous diffusion or ~[in a~] gas centrifuge."31
Uranium mining is dangerous and extremely damaging to the environment. Mines are either open
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ton ~[sic~] of depleted uranium stored within the country. " 31 gives workers and residents cancer and pollutes the water table
WECF Dec. ’9
Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), Nuclear Power : The Critical Question, First hand reports from the frontlines of the nuclear fuel chain, p. 10, JT Radioactive dust is released in both the mining and milling of uranium. If this
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water consumption used in the mining also promotes the desertification of these regions. Zero risk of major war.
Luft %26 Korin ’09
~[Gal (executive director of Institute for the Analysis of Global Security) %26 Anne (director of policy and strategic planning at IAGS), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century: A Reference Handbook, p. 72-3~] The final and perhaps most important reason to not expect a rise in resource wars
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—whether over resources or anything else—is disappearing from the Earth. The Military is moving off-grid now
Pacific Business News 10
(Sophie Cocke, "Barking Sands Going Off Grid" http://islandbreath.blogspot.com/2010/09/barking-sands-going-off-grid.html-http://islandbreath.blogspot.com/2010/09/barking-sands-going-off-grid.html, SEH) Risks of disruption to foreign oil supplies, rising costs of a declining resources and … of the electric grid is of particular concern. DOD taking efforts to shield itself from grid outages now
GAO 9
(Government Accountability Office, "Defense Critical Infrastructure:"http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/297169.html-http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/297169.html, ) DOD has taken some steps to assure the availability of its electrical ¶ power supplies
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generators, and increasing ¶ physical security measures around electrical power facilities. ¶ Dominance doesn’t equal influence – the US lacks leverage.
Mastanduno 9
(Michael, Professor of Government at Dartmouth, World Politics 61, No. 1, Ebsco,) During the cold war the United States dictated the terms of adjustment. It derived
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way, but it can no longer count on getting its own way. Nuclear power requires massive water supplies and spreads contamination
Sovacool and Cooper, ’8
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Ph.D., Res. Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National Univ. of Singapore and Adjunct Asst. Prof. at the Virginia Polytechnic Inst. %26 State Univ., and Christopher Cooper, Principal Partner for Oomph Consulting, LLC, and the former Executive Dir. of the Network for New Energy Choices (NNEC), "Nuclear Nonsense: Why Nuclear Power is No Answer to Climate Change and the World’s Post-Kyoto Energy Challenges," 33 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 1 (2008), ACC. 7-22-12, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2-http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2, JT The nuclear industry’s vast appetite for water has serious consequences, both for human consumption
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operate during droughts357 and in some cases can actually cause water shortages.358 Nuclear power risks collapsing biodiversity—the entire food chain is at risk
Sovacool and Cooper, ’8
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Ph.D., Res. Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National Univ. of Singapore and Adjunct Asst. Prof. at the Virginia Polytechnic Inst. %26 State Univ., and Christopher Cooper, Principal Partner for Oomph Consulting, LLC, and the former Executive Dir. of the Network for New Energy Choices (NNEC), "Nuclear Nonsense: Why Nuclear Power is No Answer to Climate Change and the World’s Post-Kyoto Energy Challenges," 33 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 1 (2008), ACC. 7-22-12, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2-http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2, JT Nuclear plants do not just use water-they also contaminate it at multiple points
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plant and animal life by curtailing photosynthesis and the production of oxygen. 377
No retaliation – everyone will keep level-headed
Hank C. Jenkins-Smith, PhD. Professor at the George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A%26M University and Kerry G. Herron, Ph.D. Research Scientist at George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A%26M University, Fall 2004 Our final contrasting set of expectations relate to the degree to which the public will
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-ness to engage in military retaliation moderated significantly over the following year. US isn’t vulnerable to cyber attacks
LA Weekly ’2
~[http://www.christophernoxon.com/laweekly_sub_cyberterrorism.html~~] It’s easy to forget one simple fact: Cyberterrorism is imaginary. It has never
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box cutters have proven to be highly effective instruments for whipping up terror. Redundant security features check cyber attacks
Bhardwaj, 27 August ’8, Sandeep Bhardwaj, Research Officer, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies., "Cyber Terrorism: Threat Exaggerated?," ~%232659, http://www.ipcs.org/article_details.php?articleNo=2659, ACC.11-11-09, JT Cyber terrorism, a term coined by the media rather than security agencies, is
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eliminating the possibility of a successful cyber attack, reduces it to minimum. Significantly expanding nuclear power guarantees massive radiation disasters
LYMAN Et al ’7
Edwin Lyman, senior staff scientist in the UCS Global Security Program, Lisbeth Gronlund-co-director and senior scientist of the UCS Global Security Program. David Lochbaum, dir. of the nuclear safety project in the UCS Global Security Program, Union of Concerned Scientists, Nuclear power in a warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, p. 12-13, JT Nuclear power has significant and inherent risks that we must take into account when addressing
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the United States—or worldwide—would almost certainly increase these risks. Makes radiation emissions and leaks inevitable – will contaminate the food chain
Caldicott, ’6
Helen, Founder and President of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute, Nuclear Power is not the answer, pg. viii-ix While currently the creation of nuclear electricity emits only one-third the amount of
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near nuclear power plants or radioactive waste facilities for many generations to come.
SMRs NOT SAFER
Lyman 12
(Edwin Lyman, Senior Scientist, UCS. Presentation to the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board SMR Subcommittee. May 30, 2012, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t%26rct=j%26q=%26esrc=s%26source=web%26cd=3%26cad=rja%26ved=0CF0QFjAC%26url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.doe.gov%2Fsmrsubcommittee%2Fdocuments%2FLyman%2520Presentation%25205-30-12.pptx%26ei=WE4tUJ-1FIW6yAGktoCQCA%26usg=AFQjCNH2P2N3Ji_bkH6mQKs3mCdSW5GHuw%26sig2=zAE_gLOn0SVHdZhIDU0PuQ-http://www.google.com/url?sa=t%26rct=j%26q=%26esrc=s%26source=web%26cd=3%26cad=rja%26ved=0CF0QFjAC%26url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.doe.gov%2Fsmrsubcommittee%2Fdocuments%2FLyman%2520Presentation%25205-30-12.pptx%26ei=WE4tUJ-1FIW6yAGktoCQCA%26usg=AFQjCNH2P2N3Ji_bkH6mQKs3mCdSW5GHuw%26sig2=zAE_gLOn0SVHdZhIDU0PuQ In general, SMRs (< 300 MWe) are not intrinsically safer than larger reactors
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and its SMR industry partners should halt their drive to weaken SMR regulatory requirements Lack of education/training prevents solvency
Klein 12 Andrew C, Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Health Physics at Oregon State University, "Required Infrastructure for the Future of Nuclear Energy", Federation of American Scientists, February, pdf
One potential limiting capability will be the development of the people who are educated and
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computer codes used to predict their performance during both normal and accident conditions. Increasing smrS overburdens staff – human error turns safety
Updegraff et al 12
(Small Modular Reactor Panel Discussion Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Summary Prepared by Derek Updegraff, Rebecca Lordan, Pierce Corden Dirksen-‐366 May 9, 2012, http://cstsp.aaas.org/files/SummaryFinalSMR.pdf) The last panelist, Dr. Lyman, provided a more skeptical viewpoint on SMRs
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small-‐scale, distributed generation, for reasons of safety and proliferation. SMRs are decades away from even the licensing stage
Tucker 12 William, author of Terrestrial Energy: How Nuclear Power Will Lead the Green Revolution and End America’s Energy Odyssey, American Spectator, "Nuclear Since Fukushima", March, Vol. 45, Issue 2, http://spectator.org/archives/2012/03/12/nuclear-since-fukushima-http://spectator.org/archives/2012/03/12/nuclear-since-fukushima The real problem is that the American nuclear industry
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is no wonder that Bill Gates decided to develop his Travelling Wave abroad. 4 factors prevent the spread of nuclear power pre- and post-plan: public opposition, no waste disposal, price fluctuations %26 smart-grid competition
Mortensen, ’10
Tanya Mortensen is currently a Contract Analyst for Cudd Energy Services, J.D. from the University of Houston Law Center and her B.S. in Maritime Administration from Texas A%26M University, ARTICLE: AN UNATTAINABLE WEDGE: FOUR LIMITING EFFECTS ON THE EXPANSION OF NUCLEAR POWER, Environmental %26 Energy Law %26 Policy Journal, 5 Envt’l %26 Energy L. %26 Pol’y J. 60, JT
The United States is closer than ever to implementing a cap and trade
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them to take advantage of their own mid-sized returns to scale. Expansion not possible—planned retirements %26 fuel
Harding, ’8
Jim Harding, Consultant on energy and environmental issues; based in Olympia, Washington. Former director of power planning and forecasting and director of external affairs for Seattle City Light, "Myths of the Nuclear Renaissance," ECOLOGY LAW CURRENTS, Vol. 35:53-61, JT While the industry talks about a renaissance, simply keeping pace with planned retirements would
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.14 And it will take heroic efforts to solve the fuel problem. Droughts will prevent big expansion
UCS ’9
http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_power/nuclear_power_and_global_warming/nuclear-resurgence.html-http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_power/nuclear_power_and_global_warming/nuclear-resurgence.html, Union of Concerned Scientists, "A Resurgence of Nuclear Power Poses Significant Challenges," 05/04/09, ACC. 8-2-12, JT Nuclear reactors require enormous volumes of … in some regions.
|
| 504 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: | Judge: 2- Transgression Turn
A) Transgression is almost exclusively a masculine practice. It is a fantasy that excludes women as reciprocal subjects
Tauchert ’08
~[Ashley, Head of the English Department in the School of Arts, Languages and Literatures at the University of Exeter, Critical Quarterly, vol. 50, no. 1, April, pp. 113-114 (online at Wiley InterScience journal collection)~] Transgression has revealed itself to be an almost exclusively masculine critical preoccupation. Transgression as
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the best – or only – way we might order our critical work. B) This directly undermines the radicality of their gesture—not only by proving that they actually situate the subject more than transgressing it, but also by exposing the hypocrisy of their critical distance
Surkis ’96
(Julia, No Fun and Games Until Someone Loses an Eye: Transgression and Masculinity in Bataille and Foucault
Diacritics 26.2 (1996) 18-30) An analysis of the gendered positions inscribed in Bataille’s theory of transgression calls into question
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simultaneous appearance of the limit and its transgression? Who loses an eye? Always a value to life
Augustine-http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/keith_augustine/ 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
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as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. 3- The critique is ivory tower elitism – only the rich and powerful can afford to expend without reserve.
Richard Wolin, Distinguished Professor of History and Comparative Literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 2004
~[""Left Fascism: Georges Bataille and the German Ideology," The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism, Published by Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400825967, p. 170-171 BATMAN~]
One could raise an analogous criticism of Bataille’s treatment of potlatch—the public,
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effect humiliated. Through such acts, their lowly social rank is reaffirmed. 4- Bataille is wrong - the world’s supply of energy and resources is finite and is being consumed rapidly now, risking extinction.
Tverberg, 07 (Gail E., fellow of the Casualty Actuarial Society and a Member of the American Academy of Actuaries, writes for Contingency magazine and TheOilDrum.com, "Our world is finite: Is this a problem?" Energy Bulletin/Our Finite World, http://www.energybulletin.net/node/29117-http://www.energybulletin.net/node/29117) We all know the world is finite. The number of atoms is finite, and these atoms combine to form a finite number of molecules. The mix of molecules may change over time, but in total, the number of molecules is also finite.
We also know that growth is central to our way of life. Businesses are
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find substitutes, we have mostly managed to trade one problem for another: No root cause
Brian Martin, Professor of Science, Technology and Society at the University of Wollongong, 1990
~[Uprooting War, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html~~] In this chapter and in the six preceding chapters I have examined a number of
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the roots of war and developing strategies for grassroots movements to uproot them. 5- Bataille’s notions of subjectivity are consistent with Nazism – lead to extinction
Slavoj Zizek, 1996, The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Shelling and Related Matters, p. 124-5
This notion of the modern, Cartesian subject qua the radical negativity of the double
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perceived from the standpoint of the pre-modern ’pagan’ universe.42 6- Their theory of expenditure is reductionist—pure expenditure is not possible
Boldt-Irons, 1995 ~[Leslie Anne, On Bataille: Critical Essays~]
Arkady Plotnitsky takes as his point of departure Bataille’s notion of expenditure when he asks
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sovereign operations which he describes always involve more than mere waste or expenditure. You are the appropriation of Bataille that he so strenuously resisted—by attempting to make the argument accessible and fit into debate you turn yourself by putting Bataille "to work"
DeBoer Jason 1999, literary and philosophical writer "Bataille versus Theory" "http://www.sauer-thompson.com/essays/Bataille%20Versus%20Theory,%20an%20essay%20by%20Jason%20DeBoer.doc-http://www.sauer-thompson.com/essays/Bataille Versus Theory, an essay by Jason DeBoer.doc"
Georges Bataille organizes his writings around many core concepts or ideas, many of which
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arena of thought that I wish to examine the contemporary state of theory. 7-
A) Bataille’s critique glorifies primitivism
Richard Wolin, 2004, Distinguished Professor of History and Comparative Literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,
~[""Left Fascism: Georges Bataille and the German Ideology," The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism, Published by Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400825967, p. 169-170 BATMAN~]
But problems exist with Bataille’s use of ethnographic literature on sacrifice and the gift.
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, through its experience on a collective level, ’modern’ sterile bourgeois society."" B) That kills 5.9 billion people
Andrew Flood, Irish anarchist writer, 2005
~["Is primitivism realistic? An anarchist reply to John Zerzan and others," Anarkismo, December 1st, Available Online at http://www.anarkismo.net/newswire.php?story_id=1890, Accessed 02-11-2009~]
I’ll summarise my argument from the previous essay. Primitivism generally argues that the development
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can’t convince themselves then why do they think they can convince everyone else? 8- Expenditure is not transgressive- limitless consumption is useless theory
Paul Mann, 1999, "The Exquisite Corpse of Georges Bataille" in Masocriticism, p. 67-9
I would like at one and the same time to affirm this model and to
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theory itself as death. Of theory-death. A double fatality. 10- Bataille’s obsessive focus with the extremes of humanity engages in a form of reductionism that ignores the bulk of human potential, limiting the insight that they can provide about subjectivity
Tauchert ’08
~[Ashley, Head of the English Department in the School of Arts, Languages and Literatures at the University of Exeter, Critical Quarterly, vol. 50, no. 1, April, pp. 116-117 (online at Wiley InterScience journal collection)~] Transgression has revealed an abiding longing for ’continuity’ glimpsed in ’limit conditions’ outside
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with their own excrement. ~[Carter~]343 11- Bataille is sick and twisted
Paul Mann, 1999, "The Afterlife of the Avant-Garde" in Masocriticism, p. 15-6
In their own way, Bataille’s ideas are at least as troubling as Sade’s.
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and, if so, one might well be troubled by his writing. |
| 506 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge: Investment in solar is terminally shot – lack of demand, Chinese overproduction and debt are tanking EVERY stock.
Dan Ritter 10/6, 2012. "Here’s Why Solar Stocks Are Hurting,"
http://wallstcheatsheet.com/stocks/heres-why-solar-stocks-are-hurting.html/ In the United States, it is estimated that providers would need to charge %24
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perfect stock analysis" and has joined the downward cascade of solar stocks. Your analysis of war is only an over-determination
Levy 98
(Jack, PolSci @ Rutgers, fas-polisci.rutgers.edu/levy/1998%20causes%20of%20war%20%26%20conditions%20of%20peace.pdf, DA 7/11/11, OST) The question of how to explain variations in war and peace is the second meaning
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defensive balance in order to explain variations of war and peace in anarchic systems Their misapplication of scientific chaos theory to the postmodern distorts analysis – chaos is a SOURCE of order, not a means to subvert order
Jay P. Moran, 1997 Attorney at Law, Coblentz, Patch, Duffy %26 Bass, San Francisco, "POSTMODERNISM’S MISGUIDED PLACE IN LEGAL SCHOLARSHIP: CHAOS THEORY, DECONSTRUCTION, AND SOME INSIGHTS FROM THOMAS PYNCHON’S FICTION", Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal Part III will outline the emergence of chaos theory in contemporary science and literature.
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order. 10-http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_m=a8ab0c47553f4450d8ffc624e2ddde43%26_docnum=6%26wchp=dGLzVlz-zSkVb%26_md5=b0258432d01193cddff513f03a81035f This discussion provides a nice lead-in to Pynchon. This application of scientific chaos theory to social theory paves the way for atrocities such as eugenics and racism
Jay P. Moran, 1997 Attorney at Law, Coblentz, Patch, Duffy %26 Bass, San Francisco, "POSTMODERNISM’S MISGUIDED PLACE IN LEGAL SCHOLARSHIP: CHAOS THEORY, DECONSTRUCTION, AND SOME INSIGHTS FROM THOMAS PYNCHON’S FICTION", Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal ~[*198~] That recent changes in science have impelled this literalist embrace of literary
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the province of science is elevated into a form of social mandate. 147-http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_m=a8ab0c47553f4450d8ffc624e2ddde43%26_docnum=6%26wchp=dGLzVlz-zSkVb%26_md5=b0258432d01193cddff513f03a81035f The possibility of extinction requires the assessment of risks despite probability
Yudkowsky 8
(Full-time Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Cofounder Eliezer, January 22nd 2008, "Circular Altruism")JFS Overly detailed reassurances can also create false perceptions of safety: "X is not
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a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy. Scenarios aren’t predictions, but tools for examining alternative possibilities
Some %26 Liotta, ’3
Timothy E. Some, Prof. and Chair of the US Naval War College Dept. of Joint Military Ops and
P.H, Liotta, Ph.D., Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at Naval War College, "The art of reperceiving: scenarios and the future," do?pubDate=120030922%26actionString=DO_DISPLAY_ABOUT_PAGE%26inPS=true%26prodId=AONE%26userGroupName=ksstate_ukans%26searchType=AdvancedSearchForm%26docId=GALE%7C0JIW. 56.4 (Autumn 2003): p121, JT As Schwartz puts it, scenarios are a tool for ordering one’s perceptions about alternative
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outcomes and how to act on and better plan for them in advance. Discourse isn’t transformative – it only reflects preexisting changes in the objective world
Mearsheimer ’95
~[John J. (Professor of political science at the University of Chicago); "The False Promise of International Institutions"; International Security; Vol. 19, No. 3; Winter nick~]
The main goal of critical theorists is to change state behavior in fundamental ways,
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but which appear to be compatible with the theory they are challenging.159 No extinction from environmental collapse – their ev is alarmism
Kaleita and Forbes 2007
Amy Kaleita, assistant professor of agricultural and biosystems engineering at Iowa State University) and Gregory Forbes (research analyst at the Pacific Research Institute) 2007 "Hysteria’s History" http://www.undergroundnotes.com/graphics2/Hysteria_History.pdf Apocalyptic stories about the irreparable, catastrophic damage that humans are doing to the natural
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real problem exists, solutions should be based on reality, not hysteria. Democratic processes aren’t sufficient to solve war – plenty of jerks get in power too
Shah 2008 – editor of globalissues.org (Anup, 11/30. "Democracy." http://www.globalissues.org/article/761/democracy-http://www.globalissues.org/article/761/democracy) Democracy ("rule by the people" when translated from its Greek meaning) is
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who are not genuinely support democracy, rarely is it easily given up. Loose util should be applied to prevent proximate existential risks
Kateb 92
George, professor of politics @ Princeton University. "The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture." What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do
AND - they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)
No root cause
Brian Martin, Professor of Science, Technology and Society at the University of Wollongong, 1990
~[Uprooting War, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html~~] In this chapter and in the six preceding chapters I have examined a number of
AND
the roots of war and developing strategies for grassroots movements to uproot them. Always a value to life
Augustine 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
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as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. Method can’t be evaluated in a vacuum – to do so is useless
Mario Bunge, Treatise on basic Philosophy Vol 6: Epistemology and Methodology II: Understanding the world, 1983 p. 207 Tenth, the methodics of any science includes not only its peculiar techniques but also
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ulterior purposes is not doing science but just keeping busy and possibly salaried. The aff leads to rapid gentrification and makes for sweet investment opportunities for wealthy developers.
Stokes and Green 7
(Lance PhD CEO of ECI environmental consultants and engineers, Kenneth Chief scientists for ECI) http://www.ejconference2008.org/images/Green_Stokes.pdf) The term brownfield revitalization/redevelopment is defined by EPA as, ’the reuse
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individuals must be dealt with and are typically pushed out of the picture. Plan is just a sleight of hand that jacks the poor
Stokes and Green 7
(Lance PhD CEO of ECI environmental consultants and engineers, Kenneth Chief scientists for ECI) http://www.ejconference2008.org/images/Green_Stokes.pdf) So what is the current state of environmental justice? Twenty five years of change
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be elevated in the pursuit to acquire funds for brownfield revitalization is disgusting. |
| 507 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge: Military SMRs rely on foreign grids that are fragile – takes out solvency
Smith 11
(Terrence P., Program Coordinator and Research Assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy – CSIS, "An Idea I Can Do Without: "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations"," Center for Strategic %26 International Studies, 2-16, http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations) Nowhere in these key points is there even a hint of, "Hey this
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comes to nuclear material a "might" doesn’t sit well with me. Heg doesn’t solve war
Christopher Preble (director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute) August 2010 "U.S. Military Power: Preeminence for What Purpose?" http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/u-s-military-power-preeminence-for-what-purpose/ Most in Washington still embraces the notion that America is, and forever will be
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States while the schlubs in fly-over country pick up the tab. No impact to the transition – international order accommodates rising powers.
Ikenberry ’8
(G. John, professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, The Rise of China and the Future of the West Can the Liberal System Survive? Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb) Some observers believe that the American era is coming to an end, as the
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, but the Western order — if managed properly — will live on. International order is independent of US heg – no incentive to aggress
Ikenberry 2011
(G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, The Future of the Liberal World Order Subtitle: Internationalism After America, Foreign Affairs, May/June, lexis) There is no longer any question: wealth and power are moving from the North
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and prosperity that it has provided since the middle of the twentieth century. Economy expanding now
Schnurr 12 (Leah, Sep 28, Schnurr is a journalist for Reuters, U.S. economic growth gauge continues to climb: ECRI, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/28/us-usa-economy-ecri-idUSBRE88R0W320120928) A measure of future U.S. economic expansion continued to improve last week
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from 2.7 percent, hitting the highest level since June 2011. Unemployment is at under 8%
Irwin 10/5/12 (Neil, Writer for the Washington Post, Unemployment rate falls to 7.8%, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/unemployment-rate-plunges-to-78percent/2012/10/05/bdb6e5bc-0ee7-11e2-a310-2363842b7057_story.html) The unemployment rate fell to 7.8 percent in September, the Labor Department
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employment increasingly appears not to have been much of a lull at all. Multiple causes of declining competitiveness – one policy can’t solve
Porter and Rivkin Mar 12
(Michael E. Porter is the Bishop William Lawrence University Professor and Jan W. Rivkin is the Bruce V. Rauner Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School. "The Looming Challenge to U.S. Competitiveness," http://hbr.org/2012/03/the-looming-challenge-to-us-competitiveness/ar/1) The American economy is clearly struggling to recover from a recession of unusual depth and
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rather than being passive victims of public policy or hostages of misguided shareholders. Economic decline doesn’t cause war – empty bellies – war requires wealth that doesn’t exist in an economic downturn
Deudney 91
Hewlett Fellow in Science, Technology, and Society at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Princeton (Daniel, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Ebsco) Poverty Wars. In a second scenario, declining living standards first cause internal turmoil
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military operations require complex organizational skills, specialized industrial products and surplus wealth. No chance for resources wars
David G. Victor (professor of law at Stanford Law School and the director of the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development) November 12 2007 "What Resource Wars?" RISING ENERGY prices and mounting concerns about environmental depletion have animated fears that the world
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the weak link isn’t a dearth in resources but a dearth in governance. No terrorism impact – not that big, can be stopped, exaggerated, inevitable
STEWART 3/22/12
Stratfor Intelligence Reporter
Scott Stewart, Keeping Terrorism in Perspective, Stratfor,http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/keeping-terrorism-perspective-http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/keeping-terrorism-perspective~]
By design, terrorist attacks are intended to have a psychological impact far outweighing the
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and minimize the impact of such attacks if they maintain the proper perspective. No nuclear terrorism – over twenty stages – failing at one means zero risk
Mueller ’10
(John, Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and a Professor of Political Science at The Ohio State University, A.B. from the University of Chicago, M.A. and Ph.D. @ UCLA, Atomic Obsession – Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda, Oxford University Press) LIKELIHOOD In his thoughtful, influential, and well-argued 2004 book, Nuclear
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to find the prospects daunting and accordingly uninspiring or even terminally dispiriting. " No retaliation – everyone will keep level-headed
Hank C. Jenkins-Smith, PhD. Professor at the George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A%26M University and Kerry G. Herron, Ph.D. Research Scientist at George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A%26M University, Fall 2004 Our final contrasting set of expectations relate to the degree to which the public will
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-ness to engage in military retaliation moderated significantly over the following year. Nuke leadership fails – it’s an ineffective tool and outdated
Weiss 9
(Leonard, Affiliated Scholar – Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation, "Reliable Energy Supply and Nonproliferation," Nonproliferation Review, 16(2), July, http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/npr_16-2_weiss.pdf) Part of the problem is that its value as a nonproliferation tool was at its
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security for all does not have the power it may once have had. SMRs aren’t inherently safer than other nuke plants – regulation and expense reduction
Lyman 12
(Edwin Lyman, Senior Scientist, UCS. Presentation to the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board SMR Subcommittee. May 30, 2012, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t%26rct=j%26q=%26esrc=s%26source=web%26cd=3%26cad=rja%26ved=0CF0QFjAC%26url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.doe.gov%2Fsmrsubcommittee%2Fdocuments%2FLyman%2520Presentation%25205-30-12.pptx%26ei=WE4tUJ-1FIW6yAGktoCQCA%26usg=AFQjCNH2P2N3Ji_bkH6mQKs3mCdSW5GHuw%26sig2=zAE_gLOn0SVHdZhIDU0PuQ-http://www.google.com/url?sa=t%26rct=j%26q=%26esrc=s%26source=web%26cd=3%26cad=rja%26ved=0CF0QFjAC%26url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.doe.gov%2Fsmrsubcommittee%2Fdocuments%2FLyman%2520Presentation%25205-30-12.pptx%26ei=WE4tUJ-1FIW6yAGktoCQCA%26usg=AFQjCNH2P2N3Ji_bkH6mQKs3mCdSW5GHuw%26sig2=zAE_gLOn0SVHdZhIDU0PuQ In general, SMRs (< 300 MWe) are not intrinsically safer than larger reactors
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and its SMR industry partners should halt their drive to weaken SMR regulatory requirements US leadership can’t solve the prolif – no enforcement mechanism for regulations
Mez, 12
senior Associate Professor at the Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, and managing director of the Environmental Policy Research Centre (Lutz, "Nuclear energy–Any solution for sustainability and climate protection?" Energy Policy. ScienceDirect.) Viewed in historical terms, military use of nuclear energy has gone hand in hand
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in nuclear technology which decides whether a country develops nuclear weapons or not. No nuclear renaissance – seven warrants
Levine 9/5/12
(Greg Lavine, 9-5-2012, "End of Summer News Puts Nuclear Renaissance on Permanent Vacation" Truth Out, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11339-end-of-summer-news-puts-nuclear-renaissance-on-permanent-vacation-http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11339-end-of-summer-news-puts-nuclear-renaissance-on-permanent-vacation) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission cannot issue a license for the construction and operation of a
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And the sooner the US can begin a real technological and economic rebirth. No solvency – no expertise
Parthemore and Rogers 10
(Christine and Will, Bacevich Fellow – CNAS, "Nuclear Reactors on Military Bases May Be Risky," Center for a New American Security, 5-20, http://www.cnas.org/node/4502) The media have reported that Tennessee Sen. Lamar Alexander (R) is proposing
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small nuclear reactors on military bases must include examination of these important concerns. No solvency – siting
King et al, 11
Research Analyst and Project Director at CNA Corporation’s Center for Naval Analyses (Marcus, with LaVar Huntzinger and Thoi Nguyen, March. "Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations." http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf) Finding specific sites for nuclear power plants on or near military installations will be challenging
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nuclear power plant can be used. Trade-offs will be required. Military is an incompetent bureaucracy – delays implementation
Exum 12
~[Andrew, Sr. Fellow @ Center for New American Security, and a Lecturer in International Affairs @ Columbia, July 11th, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12150/abu-muqawama-breaking-down-the-barriers-between-the-u-s-and-its-military, mg) If Democrats are guilty of being too wary of the military, Republicans are by
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place it on a pedestal that serves neither the military nor the country. |
| 508 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge: Uranium mining annihilates indigenous cultures
WECF Dec. ’9
Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), Nuclear Power : The Critical Question, First hand reports from the frontlines of the nuclear fuel chain, p. 10, JT The people who are most affected by uranium mining are indigenous peoples including the Native
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of indigenous peoples, in order to support the Olympic Dam mining company. Renewables %26 efficiency efforts are gaining ground, but the energy race is tight. Closing the price gap is the only way to foster a shift away from fossil fuels
Parenti, ’11
Christian Parenti, org/bios/christian_parenti and visiting scholar at the CUNY Graduate Center, April 18, http://www.thenation.com/article/159997/nuclear-dead-end-its-economics-stupid-http://www.thenation.com/article/159997/nuclear-dead-end-its-economics-stupid, "Nuclear Dead End: It’s the Economics, Stupid," ACC. 7-20-12, JT In a comparative analysis of US states, Cooper found that the states that invested
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the same time, nuclear power output actually declined by half a percent. Expanding nuclear power crowds out renewables and efficiency programs
Cooper , SEPT. ’10
MARK COOPER SENIOR FELLOW FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT VERMONT LAW SCHOOL, "POLICY CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR CONSTRUCTION, COST ESCALATION AND CROWDING OUT ALTERNATIVES LESSONS FROM THE, U.S. AND FRANCE FOR THE EFFORT TO REVIVE THE U.S. INDUSTRY WITH LOAN GUARANTEES AND TAX SUBSIDIES http://www.vermontlaw.edu/Documents/IEE/20100909_cooperStudy.pdf-http://www.vermontlaw.edu/Documents/IEE/20100909_cooperStudy.pdf, ACC. 8-3-12, JT The commitment to nuclear reactors in France and the U.S appears to have
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period, and ¶ • have much stronger utility efficiency programs in place. Nuclear power can’t save us from climate tipping points—only strong investment in existing renewables can solve
Parenti, ’11
Christian Parenti, org/bios/christian_parenti and visiting scholar at the CUNY Graduate Center, April 18, "Nuclear Dead End: It’s the Economics, Stupid," http://www.thenation.com/article/159997/nuclear-dead-end-its-economics-stupid-http://www.thenation.com/article/159997/nuclear-dead-end-its-economics-stupid, ACC. 7-20-12, JT Nuclear power is simply not going to sweep in over the next handful of years
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. Quite simply, it is a stupid way to address climate change. Extinction
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2") Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. YOU AUTHORS ATTEMPT TO SPEAK THE CAPITAL-T TRUTH FROM AN UNDEFINED LOCUS. THIS DISREGARD FOR SOCIAL LOCATION STEMS FROM THE SYSTEM OF WHITENESS.
Yancy, 5 (George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, "Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body," The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216) CMP I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
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of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials. Saving lives when faced with extinction is the most moral act
Kateb 92
George, professor of politics @ Princeton University. "The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture." What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do
AND - they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)
Always a value to life
Augustine 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
AND
as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. No root cause
Brian Martin, Professor of Science, Technology and Society at the University of Wollongong, 1990
~[Uprooting War, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html~~] In this chapter and in the six preceding chapters I have examined a number of
AND
the roots of war and developing strategies for grassroots movements to uproot them. No neolib impact
Levin 1998
~[Richard (president of Yale); "’Activist Politics’ and/or the Job Crisis in the Humanities"; The Minnesota Review; 48-49; http://www.theminnesotareview.org/ns48/levin.htm nick~] As a result of this view of the world, many people on the far
AND
that, their anthem tells us, will be "the final conflict."
Another consequence of their polarization is that partisans at both extremes try to eliminate the
AND
similarity (or "equivalence") between the far right and far left. Focus on proximate causation is key to good scholarship – our epistemology is sufficient and the aff isn’t a trump card
Rotter ’2k
(Andrew, Professor of History at Colgate, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review, 105(4), October) For diplomatic historians, the link between cause and effect is crucial, and this
AND
Imperialism is not just an attitude. War is not preeminently a discourse. Evaluating our impact scenarios is key to civic responsibility that can effectively alter dominant systems
Kurasawa, 04
(Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004). Moreover, keeping in mind the sobering lessons of the past century cannot but make
AND
that will continue to inflict needless suffering upon future generations if left unchallenged. Empiricism allows us to pragmatically respond to impacts
Liu 96
(Xiuwu, Assistant Prof. Interdisciplinary Studies – Miami U. Ohio, "Western perspectives on Chinese higher education", p. 22-24, Google Print) The pervious section goes to some lengths to underscore the plain fact that the studied
AND
adequate model for cross-cultural inquiry should account for these limiting cases. The possibility of extinction requires the assessment of risks despite probability
Yudkowsky 8
(Full-time Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Cofounder Eliezer, January 22nd 2008, "Circular Altruism")JFS Overly detailed reassurances can also create false perceptions of safety: "X is not
AND
a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy. Every instance of oppression except death is irreversible
Bauman 6
(Zygmunt, Prof Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Leeds, Liquid Fear, p 29-30, AD: 12/20/09) Irreparable ... Irremediable Irreversible... Irrevocable yond recall or remedy ... The point of no
AND
is only man because he is a death in the process of becoming%21 |
| 509 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UK | Round: 8 | Opponent: | Judge: Always a value to life
Augustine 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
AND
as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. Their impact is a vacuous quest that’s impossible to evaluate
Rescher, ’83
~[Nicholas Rescher, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, RISK: A PHILOSOPHICAL INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF RISK EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT, p. 169~] We are told that a decision-theoretic approach to risk assessment throughout the whole
AND
something that no one has been able to determine to anyone else’s satisfaction. Even if their arguments are generally true, they’re not enough to reject our predictive claims. The up side to futurism is empowerment to fight against things like nuclear war that adds unique meaning to life
The Co-Intelligence Institute, 2K2
~["Fear and Empowerment Work," http://www.co-intelligence.org/y2k_despairempowermt.html, accessed 3-2-2007, JT~] Apocalyptic Y2K expectations can make us afraid, depressed and numb. Intense emotions like
AND
could be triggered by the Y2K computer problem and our dependence on technology.
Environmental justice is defined by perspectives of intrinsic whiteness and elitism, creating an exclusionary silence in racial issues. Yamamoto and Lyman 1 (Eric K, Hawaii Law School law prof., and Jen-L W, UC Berkeley visiting law prof., University of Colorado Law Review, 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 311, Spring, p. 347-348, ln)
Critical race theory also facilitates interrogation of the often unexamined influences of whiteness on environmental
AND
inequality" means "not equal to white." Whiteness is the norm. YOU AUTHORS ATTEMPT TO SPEAK THE CAPITAL-T TRUTH FROM AN UNDEFINED LOCUS. THIS DISREGARD FOR SOCIAL LOCATION STEMS FROM THE SYSTEM OF WHITENESS.
Yancy, 5 (George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, "Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body," The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216) CMP I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
AND
of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials. Saving lives when faced with extinction is the most moral act
Kateb 92
George, professor of politics @ Princeton University. "The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture." What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do
AND - they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)
No root cause
Brian Martin, Professor of Science, Technology and Society at the University of Wollongong, 1990
~[Uprooting War, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html~~] In this chapter and in the six preceding chapters I have examined a number of
AND
the roots of war and developing strategies for grassroots movements to uproot them. Focus on proximate causation is key to good scholarship – our epistemology is sufficient and the aff isn’t a trump card
Rotter ’2k
(Andrew, Professor of History at Colgate, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review, 105(4), October) For diplomatic historians, the link between cause and effect is crucial, and this
AND
Imperialism is not just an attitude. War is not preeminently a discourse. Evaluating our impact scenarios is key to civic responsibility that can effectively alter dominant systems
Kurasawa, 04
(Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004). Moreover, keeping in mind the sobering lessons of the past century cannot but make
AND
that will continue to inflict needless suffering upon future generations if left unchallenged. Empiricism allows us to pragmatically respond to impacts
Liu 96
(Xiuwu, Assistant Prof. Interdisciplinary Studies – Miami U. Ohio, "Western perspectives on Chinese higher education", p. 22-24, Google Print) The pervious section goes to some lengths to underscore the plain fact that the studied
AND
adequate model for cross-cultural inquiry should account for these limiting cases. The possibility of extinction requires the assessment of risks despite probability
Yudkowsky 8
(Full-time Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Cofounder Eliezer, January 22nd 2008, "Circular Altruism")JFS Overly detailed reassurances can also create false perceptions of safety: "X is not
AND
a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy. Every instance of oppression except death is irreversible
Bauman 6
(Zygmunt, Prof Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Leeds, Liquid Fear, p 29-30, AD: 12/20/09) Irreparable ... Irremediable Irreversible... Irrevocable yond recall or remedy ... The point of no
AND
is only man because he is a death in the process of becoming%21 scenarios aren’t predictions, but tools for examining alternative possibilities
Some %26 Liotta, ’3
Timothy E. Some, Prof. and Chair of the US Naval War College Dept. of Joint Military Ops and
P.H, Liotta, Ph.D., Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at Naval War College, "The art of reperceiving: scenarios and the future," do?pubDate=120030922%26actionString=DO_DISPLAY_ABOUT_PAGE%26inPS=true%26prodId=AONE%26userGroupName=ksstate_ukans%26searchType=AdvancedSearchForm%26docId=GALE%7C0JIW. 56.4 (Autumn 2003): p121, JT As Schwartz puts it, scenarios are a tool for ordering one’s perceptions about alternative
AND
outcomes and how to act on and better plan for them in advance. Scenario planning is critical in a world where annihilation is a possibility – addressing problems now greatly enhances our ability to avert global catastrophe.
Kurasawa, 04
(Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004). Independently of this contractualist justification, global civil society actors are putting forth a number
AND
us, we come to be more concerned about the here and now. Scenario planning causes us to question basic assumptions and rethink the world
Some %26 Liotta, ’3
Timothy E. Some, Prof. and Chair of the US Naval War College Dept. of Joint Military Ops and
P.H, Liotta, Ph.D., Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at Naval War College, "The art of reperceiving: scenarios and the future," Naval War College Review. 56.4 (Autumn 2003): p121, JT The challenge for strategic planners is to help decision makers understand what the future security
AND
real, and often difficult, decisions could he made about the future. |
| 510 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge: Turn – vanishing Indian discourse – claims of genocide are reductionist and ignore internal strife that destroys culture – it denies indigenous persons the right to take responsibility over their own lives
King ’00
~[Frank John III; "Genocide confused with Suicide"; Indian Country Today; November 08; http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1945 nick~] I do believe that if any word can be used to describe our people and
AND
us from the truth behind the evil intentions of the crooked tribal politicians. Turn – noble savage discourse – the negative romanticizes the idea of an authentic existence – where humans become one with the land through a connection with the native identity. When the idealized Indian image turns out to be false, the radical left destroys real Indians in favor of the false image.
Gagne ’3
~[Karen M. (Colonial Research Working Group - State University of New York, Binghamton); "Falling in Love with Indians: The Metaphysics of Becoming America"; CR: The New Centennial Review 3.3 (2003) 205-233; ProjectMuse nick~] This real Indian emergence, simultaneously as a necessity for authenticity and a hindrance to
AND
native communities to be socially restrictive and intolerant of these visitors’ aggressive individualism. Moral absolutism creates tunnel vision that generates evil and irrelevance
Isaac ’2
(Jeffrey C. Isaac, professor of political science at Indiana-Bloomington, director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale, Spring 2002, Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, "Ends, Means, and Politics," p. Proquest As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah
AND
not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. Turn – becoming Indian – A. The negative wants to become Indian, wants to be perceived as victim, but doesn’t want to bear the real costs associated with genocide – this is an example of what Sherman Alexie calls "Indian loving." The Left will seize upon the negative to revive multiculturalism
Gagne ’3
~[Karen M. (Colonial Research Working Group - State University of New York, Binghamton); "Falling in Love with Indians: The Metaphysics of Becoming America"; CR: The New Centennial Review 3.3 (2003) 205-233; ProjectMuse nick~] Not only can anyone be Indian, but anyone can also own his/her
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, the more authentic, and therefore the closer to "true America." B. This wrecks our ability to overcome colonization.
Lynes ’2
~[David A. (Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, St. Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia); "Cultural pain vs. Political gain: Aboriginal sovereignty in the context of decolonization"; Ethnic and Racial Studies Vol. 25 No. 6 November nick~] If we accept that anyone’s own cultural background will inevitably influence the way other cultures
AND
transgressive influence colonialism continues to assert on the search for a conciliatory response. Turn – dichotomization – they present an overly simplistic discourse that reduces history to simple binaries between colonizers and the colonized – they construct themselves into radical revolutionaries while positing us as crypto-fascists – this erases understanding and prevents broader change
Burke ’5
~[Timothy (Swarthmore College); "Off the Hook"; February 2; http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/tburke1/perma20205.html nick~] Churchill’s scholarly oeuvre is practically a guided tour of every trope of identity politics:
AND
hegemony. All power is endlessly and floridly conspiratorial. And so on. They take up the strategy of liberal interpassivity—the 1ac puts the symbolic treasure of the refugee into circulation for political gain in the vacuous world of debate, creating epistemic violence through the commodification of the refugee.
DAVILA in 2002
(Juan, Artist, http://www.abc.net.au/arts/visual/stories/s534433.htm) Alberto Moreiras and Slavoj Zizek argue that late capitalism disavows the experience of the other
AND
the politician’s discourse and deprive ourselves of the naïve belief in the other. Turn – Tears of the White Man – denigration of the West is motivated by a guilt-complex that prevents solving the problems they identify – we must love our own culture before we can embrace others (by returning the land) – else we risk hatred-inspired world destruction
Buckner ’83
~[Pascal (French journalist and social critic); Tears of the White Man: Compassion as Contempt; p. 146-147 nick~]
The foregoing teaches us this: that hatred of the West is really a hatred
AND
wish carries with it a generalized negativity that envisions the end of the world Focus on proximate causation is key to good scholarship – our epistemology is sufficient and the K isn’t a trump card
Rotter ’2k
(Andrew, Professor of History at Colgate, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review, 105(4), October) For diplomatic historians, the link between cause and effect is crucial, and this
AND
Imperialism is not just an attitude. War is not preeminently a discourse. No root cause
Brian Martin, Professor of Science, Technology and Society at the University of Wollongong, 1990
~[Uprooting War, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html~~] In this chapter and in the six preceding chapters I have examined a number of
AND
the roots of war and developing strategies for grassroots movements to uproot them. Saving lives when faced with extinction is the most moral act
Kateb 92
George, professor of politics @ Princeton University. "The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture." What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do
AND - they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)
Every instance of oppression except death is irreversible
Bauman 6
(Zygmunt, Prof Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Leeds, Liquid Fear, p 29-30, AD: 12/20/09) Irreparable ... Irremediable Irreversible... Irrevocable yond recall or remedy ... The point of no
AND
is only man because he is a death in the process of becoming%21 Material conditions determine disposability – not discursive orientation
Taft-Kaufman 95 Speech prof @ CMU
Jill, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, "Other Ways", p pq The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported
AND
political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them. The possibility of extinction requires the assessment of risks despite probability
Yudkowsky 8
(Full-time Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Cofounder Eliezer, January 22nd 2008, "Circular Altruism")JFS Overly detailed reassurances can also create false perceptions of safety: "X is not
AND
a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy. Discourse doesn’t shape reality – the reverse is true
Mearsheimer 95
John (International Relations professor at the University of Chicago), The False Promise of International Institutions in International Security Vol 19 Number 3 Winter, pp 43-44.
The main goal of critical theorists is to change state behavior in fundamental ways,
AND
but which appear to be compatible with the theory they are challenging.159 The ontological question is impossible to answer. The kritik will lock us into an infinitely regressive cycle destroying political praxis.
Levinas and Nemo 1985
Emmanuel (professor of philosophy) and Philippe (professor of new philosophy), Ethics and Infinity, 1985, pg. 6-7
Are we not in need of still more precautions? Must we not step back
AND
, in its inability to escape itself, to escape being and essence. |
| 511 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge: No manufacturing internal – the components would be produced abroad – Denmark proves
Schwartz 05
L.M. Schwartz is the Chairman of the Virginia Land Rights Coalition. "Wind Power Dollars and Sense" http://www.vlrc.org/articles/3.html Ironically, Denmark benefited more than anyone else from California’s renewable energy program. In
AND
on designs of the German firm Tacke, bought by Enron in 1999. Manufacturing sector high now
Puzzanghera 10/3/ 12
(Jim, October 3, Puzzanghera is a writer for the L.A. Times who covers tech and media policy from Washington, D.C.Service sector growth up in September, private ISM index shows, http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-ism-service-economy-20121003,0,1628157.story) The U.S. service sector grew at a faster rate in September than
AND
surveyed by Bloomberg forecast an increase of 128,000 private sector jobs. Jobs can’t fuel growth – Great Depression proves
Glastris, Longman, 12 (P.P, Introduction: Jobs Not Enough, http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/julyaugust_2012/features/introduction_jobs_are_not_enou038416.php-http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/julyaugust_2012/features/introduction_jobs_are_not_enou038416.php)
By 2007, the average consumer was so tapped out that even many people with
AND
help ordinary Americans both to avoid ruinous debt and to accumulate productive assets. US not key to the world economy
Kose and Prasad 09
IMF research department, M. Ayhan Kose, Eswar Prasad. M. Ayhan Kose is a senior economist in the research department of the International Monetary Fund. Eswar Prasad is the Tolani senior professor of trade policy at Cornell University and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. "The Decoupling Debate is Back%21" Foreign Policy. June 2009. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=5010-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=5010 The question still remains whether emerging markets as a group have become more self-
AND
economies using other policy measures to offset some of the fall in exports. America’s economy is resilient – multiple indicators
Daily Herald October 2, 2012. "Economy showing resiliency," http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20121002/news/710029745/
The U.S. economy is looking more resilient, thanks in part to
AND
a good investment. Two surveys last week also reported improving consumer confidence.
Alt causes to climate leadership decline
a. Alternative energy policy
Politico, 11 (6/22/11, Politico, "Gore Voices Left’s Climate Grumbling," http://www.seattlepi.com/national/politico/article/Gore-voices-left-s-climate-grumbling-1435262.php, Sawyer)
Betsy Taylor, a philanthropic adviser to several climate donors and foundations, said Obama
AND
later gave drillers permits to begin exploring again in the Gulf of Mexico. b. EPA regulations
Politico, 11 (6/22/11, Politico, "Gore Voices Left’s Climate Grumbling," http://www.seattlepi.com/national/politico/article/Gore-voices-left-s-climate-grumbling-1435262.php, Sawyer)
Greens have been tormented with Obama’s handling of climate change regulations via the EPA.
AND
administrator, and fight future efforts to limit EPA’s authority," he wrote. c. Solar panels
Politico, 11 (6/22/11, Politico, "Gore Voices Left’s Climate Grumbling," http://www.seattlepi.com/national/politico/article/Gore-voices-left-s-climate-grumbling-1435262.php, Sawyer)
Even the administration’s failure to meet a self-imposed end-of-spring deadline to put solar panels on the White House roof has drawn catcalls from the left. "This was a no-brainer," 350.org founder and solar roof campaigner com/?controllerName=search%26action=search%26channel=national%2Fpolitico%26search=1%26inlineLink=1%26query=%22Bill+McKibben%22 said Monday. "Republicans couldn’t filibuster it, the oil companies weren’t fighting it, and it still didn’t get done when they said it would. Global coal is inevitable for decades – even zero US emissions wouldn’t stop warming
Robert Bryce 7/30/12
(senior fellow at the Center for Energy Policy and the Environment at the Manhattan Institute, "Coal is dirty, but essential," http://www.startribune.com/opinion/commentaries/164288676.html?refer=y-http://www.startribune.com/opinion/commentaries/164288676.html?refer=y) But the EPA and the Obama administration know their attack on coal is little more
AND
obvious that coal will be powering the global economy for decades to come. International climate cooperation impossible – political differences
Sussman, 04 (October 2004, G., International Politicla Science Review, "The USA and Global Environmental Policy: Domestic Constraints on Effective Leadership," http://ips.sagepub.com/content/25/4/349.accessible-long)
Explanations about international affairs generally and global environmental policy in particular tend to focus on
AND
" (see also Porter et al., 2000: 13-14). No warming extinction
NIPCC 11
Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change. Surviving the unprecedented climate change of the IPCC. 8 March 2011. http://www.nipccreport.org/articles/2011/mar/8mar2011a5.html-http://www.nipccreport.org/articles/2011/mar/8mar2011a5.html In a paper published in Systematics and Biodiversity, Willis et al. (2010
AND
the fossil record indicates remarkable biotic resilience to wide amplitude fluctuations in climate." Past tipping point even if they reduced all emissions to zero
O’Carroll, 9
Eoin O’Carroll, CSM staff writer, 1/27/2009, " Report calls climate change ’irreversible’ ," http://features.csmonitor.com/environment/2009/01/27/report-calls-climate-change-irreversible/ Even if all the world’s smokestacks and tailpipes were to suddenly stop spewing CO2,
AND
not true," said Ms. Solomon, according to the Associated Press. Not human caused
SINGER et al 08
President of the Science and Environmental Policy Project and Distinguished Research Professor @ George Mason, Prof. Emeritus Environmental Science @ UVA and First Director of the National Weather Satellite Service¶ (S. Fred, "Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate", Summary for Policymakers of the Report of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, http://www.heartland.org/pdf/22835.pdf) Figure 23 compares changes in human CO2 emissions
AND
to human emission of CO2.
American soft power is unworkable – nations don’t believe enough to overwhelm their fear
Layne 07
Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A%26M University "
Christopher, American Empire: A Debate, 2007, p 68 Doubtless, American primacy has its dimension of benevolence, but a state as powerful
AND
others of its benevolence is limited by the very enormity of its power. Sino-US relations don’t translate into cooperative policies
Saunders 2001
Phillip, Director of East Asian Nonproliferation Program (Can 9-11 Provide a Fresh Start for U.S.-SINO Relations?, October 23, 2011, http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/reports/sino911.htm) The United States and China share common interests on a wide range of important security
AND
S. relations in both countries add an additional barrier to security cooperation. |
| 512 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
Their suggestion that we debate from personal experience is a form of forced outing that only ends up foreclosing options for resistance
Patterson, Florida Atlantic University, 2000
(Patricia M. Administrative Theory %26 Praxis Vol. 22, No. 4,: 663–695) Speaking specifically of modern university classrooms, but clearly not limiting herself to them,
AND
1993, p. 34; Young, 1997, p. 66). Always a value to life
Augustine 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
AND
as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. Material conditions determine disposability – not discursive orientation
Taft-Kaufman 95 Speech prof @ CMU
Jill, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, "Other Ways", p pq The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported
AND
political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them. Pairing arts with politics collapses into itself and creates the spectacle needed to achieve imperialist fascism.
Castronovo 03
~[Russ, "Geo-Aesthetics: Fascism, Globalism, and Frank Norris" boundary 2, Fall 2003~] The problem with this political task is that progressive commentary often envisions democracy in anti
AND
acquires unity under the spectacle of world markets backed up by imperialist aggression. Aestheticized politics destroy subjectivity by taking egalitarianism to its limit. Defining resistance in terms of form ensures homogeneity which destroys agency
Castronovo 03
~[Russ, "Geo-Aesthetics: Fascism, Globalism, and Frank Norris" boundary 2, Fall 2003~] Such is Benjamin’s worry in observing how potentially egalitarian forms of technological reproduction eventuate in
AND
pressures of globalization force every political tendency from democracy to fascism into alignment. Framing the debate in terms of privilege prevents the fruition of their project and becomes coopted
Trainor 02
(Jennifer, English Professor at University of Pittsburgh, "Critical Pedagogy’s "Other": Constructions of Whiteness in Education for Social," College Composition and Communication, Urbana: Vol 53 No 4, June) The student who resists or rejects critical perspectives or who openly expresses racism or sexism
AND
are easily appropriated into more subtle forms of racist denial in white students. Their args that raise the question of who is able to speak on the part of the oppressed reduces the oppressed to tools in the quest for rhetorical victory—reinscribes the privilege which enables them to speak in the first place.
Chow 93
Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University, 1993 Writing Diaspora, p.145-146 But while it effectively raises our consciousness in regard to the privileged positions enjoyed by
AND
who speak‚—this is the answer this question is meant to provoke. |
| 513 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: | Judge: Psychoanalysis is a non-falsifiable joke
Jerry A. Coyne, reviewing FOLLIES OF THE WISE by Frederick Crews, September 6, 2006. http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/025347-2345445,00.html Laid out in the first four essays, Crews’s brief against Freud is hard to
AND
politics and religion, we desperately need to heed Crews’s plea for empiricism. The ontological question is impossible to answer. The kritik will lock us into an infinitely regressive cycle destroying political praxis.
Levinas and Nemo 1985
Emmanuel (professor of philosophy) and Philippe (professor of new philosophy), Ethics and Infinity, 1985, pg. 6-7
Are we not in need of still more precautions? Must we not step back
AND
, in its inability to escape itself, to escape being and essence. Always a value to life
Augustine 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
AND
as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. Every instance of oppression except death is irreversible
Bauman 6
(Zygmunt, Prof Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Leeds, Liquid Fear, p 29-30, AD: 12/20/09) Irreparable ... Irremediable Irreversible... Irrevocable yond recall or remedy ... The point of no
AND
is only man because he is a death in the process of becoming%21 Social discussion of catastrophic scenarios solves your impact args
Kurasawa, 04
(Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004). Moreover, keeping in mind the sobering lessons of the past century cannot but make
AND
that will continue to inflict needless suffering upon future generations if left unchallenged. The aff ensures we view suffering as a textual anomaly created by a malformed ontological orientation which allows us to distance ourselves from responsibility for moral atrocities
Ketels 96
~[Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)~] ~[*46~] THE political bestiality of our age is abetted by our willingness to
AND
Nothing less than the transformation of human consciousness is likely to rescue us. Placing ontology before ethical action to quell suffering enables mass extermination and produces a flawed ontology
Davidson 1989
Arnold I., Critical Inquiry, Vol. 15, No. 2, Winter, pg. 425-426, "Questions concerning Heidegger: Opening the Debate" I understand Levinas’ work to suggest another path to the recovery of the human,
AND
but dust and ashes; and it is here that questioning must stop. The impact is extinction
Ketels 96
~[Violet. Prof of English @ Temple. "Havel to the Castle%21" The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol 548, No 1. Nov 1996~]JFS Characteristically, Havel raises lo-cal experience to universal relevance. "If today’s
AND
changed from shouting ’Truth will prevail to chanting" Havel to the castle." |
| 505 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: Doubles | Opponent: | Judge:
2- Transgression Turn
A) Transgression is almost exclusively a masculine practice. It is a fantasy that excludes women as reciprocal subjects
Tauchert ’08
~[Ashley, Head of the English Department in the School of Arts, Languages and Literatures at the University of Exeter, Critical Quarterly, vol. 50, no. 1, April, pp. 113-114 (online at Wiley InterScience journal collection)~] Transgression has revealed itself to be an almost exclusively masculine critical preoccupation. Transgression as
AND
had ’a raging hard-on’; his ’intensities gone wild’: There is a homoerotic subtext of anal penetration . . . ~[c~]ircles of men then
. . . ~[i~]ntensities of prostitution, homosexuality, ultimately equivalent . . .
an orgy of exchange . . . homosexual fellation: a cosmic circle jerk.332 I wonder if the ’intensities’ of prostitution really are equivalent to homosexuality? It
AND
the best – or only – way we might order our critical work. B) This directly undermines the radicality of their gesture—not only by proving that they actually situate the subject more than transgressing it, but also by exposing the hypocrisy of their critical distance
Surkis ’96
(Julia, No Fun and Games Until Someone Loses an Eye: Transgression and Masculinity in Bataille and Foucault
Diacritics 26.2 (1996) 18-30) An analysis of the gendered positions inscribed in Bataille’s theory of transgression calls into question
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simultaneous appearance of the limit and its transgression? Who loses an eye? The aesthetic world inevitably strives for perfection: this goal leads to the erasure of difference in preparation for the universal flow of capital. The coercive nature of art creates the necessary smooth space for capitalist domination. Castronovo 03 ~[Russ, "Geo-Aesthetics: Fascism, Globalism, and Frank Norris" boundary 2, Fall 2003~] The world circulation of commodities pivots on aesthetic criteria. Overproduction in the West finds
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whole and perfect in the end because each is a totalizing experience, condensing
East and West into the unitary kernel of one big market. 6- Their theory of expenditure is reductionist—pure expenditure is not possible
Boldt-Irons, 1995 ~[Leslie Anne, On Bataille: Critical Essays~]
Arkady Plotnitsky takes as his point of departure Bataille’s notion of expenditure when he asks
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sovereign operations which he describes always involve more than mere waste or expenditure. Aestheticized politics destroy subjectivity by taking egalitarianism to its limit: where everything is included, no differentiation is possible. This form of forced homogeneity destroys agency and denies v2l. Castronovo 03 ~[Russ, "Geo-Aesthetics: Fascism, Globalism, and Frank Norris" boundary 2, Fall 2003~] Such is Benjamin’s worry in observing how potentially egalitarian forms of technological reproduction eventuate in
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pressures of globalization force every political tendency from democracy to fascism into alignment. 7-
A) Bataille’s critique glorifies primitivism
Richard Wolin, 2004, Distinguished Professor of History and Comparative Literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,
~[""Left Fascism: Georges Bataille and the German Ideology," The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism, Published by Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400825967, p. 169-170 BATMAN~]
But problems exist with Bataille’s use of ethnographic literature on sacrifice and the gift.
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, through its experience on a collective level, ’modern’ sterile bourgeois society."" B) That kills 5.9 billion people
Andrew Flood, Irish anarchist writer, 2005
~["Is primitivism realistic? An anarchist reply to John Zerzan and others," Anarkismo, December 1st, Available Online at http://www.anarkismo.net/newswire.php?story_id=1890, Accessed 02-11-2009~]
I’ll summarise my argument from the previous essay. Primitivism generally argues that the development
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can’t convince themselves then why do they think they can convince everyone else? Nihilism freezes our consciousness and justifies brutal inactivity – even when progressive action is feasible – and asks us to forget memories of pain and suffering; this does not make the suffering disappear, rather it stops us from confronting our future.
KETELS – 96
~[Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)~] THE political bestiality of our age is abetted by our willingness to tolerate the deconstructing
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disposed to cast both words and memory in a condition of cryogenic dubiety? Utilitarianism is inevitable and preferable Ratner 84
(Ratner, Leonard G. Professor, Law. University of Southern California. Law Center. "The Utilitarian Imperative: Autonomy Reciprocity, and Evolution." The Hofstra Law Journal. 12 Hofstra L. Rev. 723. Spring, 1984)
The search for the ought is a search for the goals of human behavior.
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human survival remains the ultimate human goal as long as there are humans.
Criticism about ways of thinking doesn’t change the system Murray 97
(Alistair J. H., lecturer in the department of politics at the University of Swansea, Reconstructing Realism Between Power Politics and Cosmopolitan Ethics, pg 189) In the final analysis, then, Ashley’s post-structuralist approach boils down to
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forever immersed in the expectation of deliverance, is manifestly unable to provide. 8- Expenditure is not transgressive- limitless consumption is useless theory
Paul Mann, 1999, "The Exquisite Corpse of Georges Bataille" in Masocriticism, p. 67-9
I would like at one and the same time to affirm this model and to
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theory itself as death. Of theory-death. A double fatality. You are the appropriation of Bataille that he so strenuously resisted—by attempting to make the argument accessible and fit into debate you turn yourself by putting Bataille "to work"
DeBoer Jason 1999
literary and philosophical writer "Bataille versus Theory" "http://www.sauer-thompson.com/essays/Bataille%20Versus%20Theory,%20an%20essay%20by%20Jason%20DeBoer.doc-http://www.sauer-thompson.com/essays/Bataille Versus Theory, an essay by Jason DeBoer.doc"
Georges Bataille organizes his writings around many core concepts or ideas, many of which
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arena of thought that I wish to examine the contemporary state of theory. 5- Bataille’s notions of subjectivity are consistent with Nazism – lead to extinction
Slavoj Zizek, 1996, The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Shelling and Related Matters, p. 124-5
This notion of the modern, Cartesian subject qua the radical negativity of the double
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perceived from the standpoint of the pre-modern ’pagan’ universe.42 3- The critique is ivory tower elitism – only the rich and powerful can afford to expend without reserve.
Richard Wolin, Distinguished Professor of History and Comparative Literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 2004
~[""Left Fascism: Georges Bataille and the German Ideology," The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism, Published by Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400825967, p. 170-171 BATMAN~]
One could raise an analogous criticism of Bataille’s treatment of potlatch—the public,
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effect humiliated. Through such acts, their lowly social rank is reaffirmed. The affirmative is a form of empty, hysterical provocation that lobs impossible demands at the system so that we can feel better about ourselves without actually having anything change
ZIZEK IN 2003 (SLAVOJ, CULTURAL CRITIC, THE PUPPET AND THE DWARF, P. 44) In the strict Lacanian sense of the term, one should thus posit that "
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, you stand a good chance of getting hundreds of thousands of dollars. 10- Bataille’s obsessive focus with the extremes of humanity engages in a form of reductionism that ignores the bulk of human potential, limiting the insight that they can provide about subjectivity
Tauchert ’08
~[Ashley, Head of the English Department in the School of Arts, Languages and Literatures at the University of Exeter, Critical Quarterly, vol. 50, no. 1, April, pp. 116-117 (online at Wiley InterScience journal collection)~] Transgression has revealed an abiding longing for ’continuity’ glimpsed in ’limit conditions’ outside
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their own excrement. ~[Carter~]343 11- Bataille is sick and twisted
Paul Mann, 1999, "The Afterlife of the Avant-Garde" in Masocriticism, p. 15-6
In their own way, Bataille’s ideas are at least as troubling as Sade’s.
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and, if so, one might well be troubled by his writing. |
| 514 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Central Florida MaVi | Judge: No nuclear renaissance
Levine 9/5/12
(Greg Lavine, 9-5-2012, "End of Summer News Puts Nuclear Renaissance on Permanent Vacation" Truth Out, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11339-end-of-summer-news-puts-nuclear-renaissance-on-permanent-vacation-http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11339-end-of-summer-news-puts-nuclear-renaissance-on-permanent-vacation) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission cannot issue a license for the construction and operation of a
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And the sooner the US can begin a real technological and economic rebirth. Uranium mining annihilates indigenous cultures
WECF Dec. ’9
Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), Nuclear Power : The Critical Question, First hand reports from the frontlines of the nuclear fuel chain, p. 10, JT The people who are most affected by uranium mining are indigenous peoples including the Native
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of indigenous peoples, in order to support the Olympic Dam mining company. Undermines the value of life and physical survival
Gabbard, ’6
David Gabbard, Prof., Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction at East Carolina University, Greenville, Unlearning the Language of Conquest: Scholars Expose Anti-Indianism in America : Deceptions that Influence War and Peace, Civil Liberties, Public Education, Religion and Spirituality, Democratic Ideals, the Environment, Law, Literature, Film, and Happiness, p. 221, JT Churchill points out that Lemkin attached no hierarchy to these classifications because he believed that "the crux of what others would later call the ’genocidal mentality’ resides squarely in the cultural domain, and because he understood that there is ultimately no way of segregating the effects of cultural genocide from its physical and biological counterparts."8
A culture’s destruction is not a trifling matter. A healthy culture is all-
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culture has been healthy and is suddenly attacked and disintegrated are incalculable.9
In other words, there is no difference between ethnocide and genocide. In fact, as Churchill points Out, Lemkin also originated the term "ethnocide," using it as a synonym for genocide. NUCLEAR WASTE IS DUMPED ON INDIAN LANDS. They ARE SPECIFICALLY TARGETED
Kamps 1
(Kevin, nuclear waste specialist. Nuclear information resource service http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pfsejfactsheet.htm) The tiny Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians Reservation in Utah is targeted for a
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approached, the Negotiator eventually courted about two dozen tribal councils in particular. Nuclear power requires massive water supplies and spreads contamination
Sovacool and Cooper, ’8
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Ph.D., Res. Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National Univ. of Singapore and Adjunct Asst. Prof. at the Virginia Polytechnic Inst. %26 State Univ., and Christopher Cooper, Principal Partner for Oomph Consulting, LLC, and the former Executive Dir. of the Network for New Energy Choices (NNEC), "Nuclear Nonsense: Why Nuclear Power is No Answer to Climate Change and the World’s Post-Kyoto Energy Challenges," 33 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 1 (2008), ACC. 7-22-12, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2-http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2, JT The nuclear industry’s vast appetite for water has serious consequences, both for human consumption
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operate during droughts357 and in some cases can actually cause water shortages.358 Expanding nuclear power collapses the entire food chain
Sovacool and Cooper, ’8
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Ph.D., Res. Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National Univ. of Singapore and Adjunct Asst. Prof. at the Virginia Polytechnic Inst. %26 State Univ., and Christopher Cooper, Principal Partner for Oomph Consulting, LLC, and the former Executive Dir. of the Network for New Energy Choices (NNEC), "Nuclear Nonsense: Why Nuclear Power is No Answer to Climate Change and the World’s Post-Kyoto Energy Challenges," 33 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 1 (2008), ACC. 7-22-12, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2-http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol33/iss1/2, JT Nuclear plants do not just use water-they also contaminate it at multiple points
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plant and animal life by curtailing photosynthesis and the production of oxygen. 377 Everything dies
Bryant ’3
Donald A., Dep’t. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology @ Penn. State University, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, August 19, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/17/9647) Oxygenic photosynthesis accounts for nearly all the primary biochemical production of organic matter on Earth
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life on Earth equally depends on the photosynthesis that occurs in Earth’s oceans. Renewables %26 efficiency efforts are gaining ground, but the energy race is tight. Closing the price gap is the only way to foster a shift away from fossil fuels
Parenti, ’11
Christian Parenti, org/bios/christian_parenti and visiting scholar at the CUNY Graduate Center, April 18, http://www.thenation.com/article/159997/nuclear-dead-end-its-economics-stupid-http://www.thenation.com/article/159997/nuclear-dead-end-its-economics-stupid, "Nuclear Dead End: It’s the Economics, Stupid," ACC. 7-20-12, JT In a comparative analysis of US states, Cooper found that the states that invested
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the same time, nuclear power output actually declined by half a percent. Expanding nuclear power crowds out renewables and efficiency programs
Cooper , SEPT. ’10
MARK COOPER SENIOR FELLOW FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT VERMONT LAW SCHOOL, "POLICY CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR CONSTRUCTION, COST ESCALATION AND CROWDING OUT ALTERNATIVES LESSONS FROM THE, U.S. AND FRANCE FOR THE EFFORT TO REVIVE THE U.S. INDUSTRY WITH LOAN GUARANTEES AND TAX SUBSIDIES http://www.vermontlaw.edu/Documents/IEE/20100909_cooperStudy.pdf-http://www.vermontlaw.edu/Documents/IEE/20100909_cooperStudy.pdf, ACC. 8-3-12, JT The commitment to nuclear reactors in France and the U.S appears to have
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period, and ¶ • have much stronger utility efficiency programs in place. Nuclear power can’t save us from climate tipping points—only strong investment in existing renewables can solve
Parenti, ’11
Christian Parenti, org/bios/christian_parenti and visiting scholar at the CUNY Graduate Center, April 18, "Nuclear Dead End: It’s the Economics, Stupid," http://www.thenation.com/article/159997/nuclear-dead-end-its-economics-stupid-http://www.thenation.com/article/159997/nuclear-dead-end-its-economics-stupid, ACC. 7-20-12, JT Nuclear power is simply not going to sweep in over the next handful of years
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. Quite simply, it is a stupid way to address climate change. Extinction
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2") Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Every instance of oppression except death is irreversible
Bauman 6
(Zygmunt, Prof Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Leeds, Liquid Fear, p 29-30, AD: 12/20/09) Irreparable ... Irremediable Irreversible... Irrevocable yond recall or remedy ... The point of no
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is only man because he is a death in the process of becoming%21 YOU ATTEMPT TO SPEAK THE CAPITAL-T TRUTH FROM AN UNDEFINED LOCUS. THIS DISREGARD FOR SOCIAL LOCATION STEMS FROM THE SYSTEM OF WHITENESS.
Yancy, 5 (George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, "Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body," The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216) CMP I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
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of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials. Energy justice intrinsically privileges perspectives of whiteness and elitism
Yamamoto and Lyman 1 (Eric K, Hawaii Law School law prof., and Jen-L W, UC Berkeley visiting law prof., University of Colorado Law Review, 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 311, Spring, p. 347-348, ln)
Critical race theory also facilitates interrogation of the often unexamined influences of whiteness on environmental
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inequality" means "not equal to white." Whiteness is the norm. And, defining injustice with deterministic factors like location re-inscribes privilege
Yamamoto and Lyman 1
(Eric K, Hawaii Law School law prof., and Jen-L W, UC Berkeley visiting law prof., University of Colorado Law Review, 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 311, Spring, p. 336, ln)
What O’Neill identifies and what is missing from many other commentators’ accounts is an express
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examination of either racial history or the current racial disparities of society." 140 Understanding violence as something that is perpetrated by government allows us to forget our own responsibility for the many expressions of violence in the world which makes distancing and power politics inevitable
Susanne Kappeler, Associate Prof @ Al-Akhawayn University, The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior, 1995, pg. 10-11 ’We are the war’ does not mean that the responsibility for a war is
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our values’ according to the structures and the values of war and violence. |
| 515 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Louisville GH | Judge: The affirmative’s metaphor has no established meaning except in the eyes of the speaker – overapplication of the affirmative’s method results in it losing its aesthetic and performative dimensions
States 1996
"Performance as Metaphor," Theatre Journal, 48.1 Another difficulty with metaphorical analogy is that since the vehicle never specifies the intended meaning
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, that Umberto Eco recently used to demonstrate the difficulty of defining fascism: Their suggestion that we force personal experience into the debate space is a form of forced outing that only ends up foreclosing options for resistance
Patterson, Florida Atlantic University, 2000
(Patricia M. Administrative Theory %26 Praxis Vol. 22, No. 4,: 663–695) Speaking specifically of modern university classrooms, but clearly not limiting herself to them,
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1993, p. 34; Young, 1997, p. 66). Refusing to analyze an imperfect policy for the sake of argumentation means we can only talk past each other and revolt against straw-persons
Haskell, Professor History Rice, 90
(Professor of History at Rice, "Objectivity is not neutrality: Rhetoric vs. practice in Peter Novick’s That noble dream," History and Theory 29, no. 2: 129–157) Detachment functions in this manner not by draining us of passion, but by helping
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or editorially splitting the difference between them, irrespective of their perceived merits. The essentialism of environmental justice denies the agency of minority groups and threatens their survival.
Yamamoto and Lyman 1
(Eric K, Hawaii Law School law prof., and Jen-L W, UC Berkeley visiting law prof., University of Colorado Law Review, 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 311, Spring, p. 311-313) "Racial communities are not all created equal." 1 Yet, the established environmental
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provides needed jobs in the area and is an aspect of group economic survival Pairing arts with politics collapses into itself and creates the spectacle needed to achieve imperialist fascism.
Castronovo 03
~[Russ, "Geo-Aesthetics: Fascism, Globalism, and Frank Norris" boundary 2, Fall 2003~] The problem with this political task is that progressive commentary often envisions democracy in anti
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acquires unity under the spectacle of world markets backed up by imperialist aggression. Framing the debate in terms of privilege prevents the fruition of their project and becomes coopted
Trainor 02
(Jennifer, English Professor at University of Pittsburgh, "Critical Pedagogy’s "Other": Constructions of Whiteness in Education for Social," College Composition and Communication, Urbana: Vol 53 No 4, June) The student who resists or rejects critical perspectives or who openly expresses racism or sexism
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are easily appropriated into more subtle forms of racist denial in white students. Forcing transcendence of personal beliefs nurtures democratic deliberation – the alternative is unending social conflict
Thomas A. Spragens, Professor of Polisci at Duke, 2000 Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 90 I have argued here that a well-ordered democratic society comprises three layers
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required of all those who would participate in this form of discourse. * Their args that raise the question of who is able to speak on the part of the oppressed reduces the oppressed to tools in the quest for rhetorical victory—reinscribes the privilege which enables them to speak in the first place.
Chow 93
Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University, 1993 Writing Diaspora, p.145-146 But while it effectively raises our consciousness in regard to the privileged positions enjoyed by
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who speak‚—this is the answer this question is meant to provoke. |
| 2 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgetown CV | Judge:
A. interpretation – should is present tense
Summers 94 (Justice – Oklahoma Supreme Court, "Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant", 1994 OK 123, 11-8, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287~~%23marker3fn13) ¶4 The legal question to be resolved by the court is whether the word
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. 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882). And, resolved allows for reflection, but the determined action must take place now
PTE 9 – Online Plain Text English Dictionary 2009
(http://www.onelook.com/?other=web1913%26w=Resolve) Resolve: "To form a purpose; to make a decision;
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resolve on a better course of life." B. violation – the plan is counterfactual |
| 208 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgetown CV | Judge:
We thus advocate the following counterfactual advocacy: The United States federal government will increase financial incentives for solar power through full funding of the Solar Bank. The word should denies us the choice to make our own decisions, causing us to act out of guilt and disconnecting us from our own lives, this is the same logic that allowed for the mass destruction of the holocaust.
Rosenberg, Marshall. (Quals: Founder and director of educational services for the Center for Nonviolent Communication.) Nonviolent Communication A Language of Life. 2nd . Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press, 2003. p. 131 p. 139-140 When we use language which denies choice (for example, words such as should, have to, ought, mustn’t, can’t, supposed to, etc), our behaviors arise out of a vague sense of guilt, duty, or obligation. I consider this to be the most socially dangerous and personally unfortunate of all the ways we act when we’re cut off from our needs.
In Chapter 2 we saw how the concept of Amtsssprache allowed Adolf Eichmann and his
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for enriching life – to that degree we are being compassionate with ourselves. And, this is also a solvency takeout the word should creates an internal tyranny which prevents people from making any type of change in their lives.
Rosenberg, Marshall. (Quals: Founder and director of educational services for the Center for Nonviolent Communication.) Nonviolent Communication A Language of Life. 2nd . Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press, 2003. p. 131
In our language there is a word with enormous power to create shame and guilt
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actions arise from an energy that is devoid of life-giving joy. |
| 516 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgetown CV | Judge: Flow across the extinction impacts and get ready for Wipeout…
A) Aliens
The best estimates put the number of Alien civilizations at 10,000
Drake, Astronomy and Astrophysics Professor University of California at Santa Cruz , 02
<July, Astrobiology Magazine, http://www.astrobio.net/news/article236.html-http://www.astrobio.net/news/article236.html>
The Earth’s html is quite clear in showing that the complexity of the central
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-supporting conditions, but no one can predict that life will form.
Frank Drake: Only about 5% of the stars that have been studied sufficiently
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reason for optimism among those who expect solar system analogs to be abundant. Organic materials widespread – ensuring life is plentiful throughout the universe
McKay, NASA Planetary Scientist, 02 (Christopher, "Complex Life in the Universe?," http://www.astrobio.net/news/article236.html-http://www.astrobio.net/news/article236.html) Chris McKay: There is no solid evidence of life elsewhere, but several factors
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for the first two billion years - is widespread in the stellar neighborhood. B) Time Travel
1) Matter-Energy Concentrations Bend Time Allowing Time Travel
Michio Kaku—Prof. Of Theoretical Physics @ NYU—1994 (Hyperspace; pg 234)
Einstein’s equations, we recall, state that the curvature or bending of space and time is determined by the matter-energy content ntent of the universe. It is, in fact, possible to find configurations of matter-energy powerful enough to force the bending of time and allow for time travel. However, the concentrations of matter-energy necessary to bend time backwards are so vast that general relativity breaks down and quantum corrections begin to dominate over relativity.
2) Because Time Travel Is Possible, Humans Will Find A Way To Do It
Clifford A. Pickover—PhD in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, associate editor for numerous scientific journals, research staff @ IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Member of SETI League—1998 (Time: A Traveler’s Guide; pg 248-249)
Various researchers have proposed ways in which backward and forward time machines can be built that do not seem to violate any known laws of physics. Remember that the laws of physics tell us what is possible, not what is practical
for humans at this point in time. The physics of time travel is still
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technology is nearly impossible, and history is filled with underestimates of technology:
3) Time Travel Causes Infinite Repeating Loops That Destroy The Universe
Randall—physics student @ CalTech—No Date (Time Travel - the Possibilities and Consequences; http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A398955)
This theory involves two types of temporal loops. One type is the loop mentioned
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was already mentioned, infinite repeat loops may cause the universe to end. C) Particle Accelerators
1) Humans Will Have Particle Accelerators Capable Of Reaching Disastrous Levels Before 2100
John Leslie—emeriti professor of philosophy at the University of Guelph and a fellow @ the Royal Society of Canada—1996 (End of the World; pg 86)
However, energies above 1011 GeV would be had well before the year 2100.
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which Hut and Rees gave as energy released by some cosmic ray collisions.
2) High Level Particle Accelerators Would Disrupt The Stability Of Our Vacuum
John Leslie—emeriti professor of philosophy at the University of Guelph and a fellow @ the Royal Society of Canada—1996 (End of the World; pg 86)
How could anything as empty as vacuum ever be threatened by particle accelerators or by
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a region absolutely empty. It usually means one of two things instead:
3) The Destruction Of Our Vacuum Would Usher In A New, Ever-Expanding Vacuum That Would Destroy All Life Forever
John Leslie—emeriti professor of philosophy at the University of Guelph and a fellow @ the Royal Society of Canada—1996 (End of the World; pg 86-87)
As Hut and Rees commented, it may be that ’the vacuum state we
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bubble had expanded would suffer gravitational collapse in ’microseconds or less.’ D) Artificial Intelligence
1) Humans Will Have AI Before 2030
Stephen Webb—PhD in theoretical physics and professor at Open University-2002 (Where is Everybody: page 243 )
Vernor Vinge, extrapolating the improvements in computer hardware and other technologies over the next
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era in a few hours. Vinge calls such an event the Singularity.
2) AI Would Destroy All The Matter In The Universe
Nick Bostrom—Faculty of Philosophy @ Oxford University—March 2002 (Existential Risks; Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9)
When we create the first superintelligent entity ~[28-34~], we might make
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calculating device, in the process killing the person who asked the question. E) Nanotechnology
1) Nanotech will be here by 2040 Gaudin in ’9 (Sharon, 10/1/2009, writer computerworld, "Nanotech could make humans immortal by 2040, futurists say, http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9138726/Nanotech_could_make_humans_immortal_by_2040_futurist_says-http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9138726/Nanotech_could_make_humans_immortal_by_2040_futurist_says) In 30 or 40 years, we’ll have microscopic machines traveling through our bodies,
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and biotechnology will wipe out cancer, asp, obesity and diabetes-http://www.diabetes.org/.
2) its inevitable – Chinese export controls
Choi 04 ~[Charles Q. Nano World: Regulations in prospect UPI~] ~[ct~] ~[http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20041104-010910-7296r.htm~~]
New York, NY, Nov. 5 (UPI) — Nanotechnology remains under
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There are also specific regulations on microprocessors. Does that include nanoscale circuits?" 3) Nanotech Would Travel The Galaxy Reducing All Life Into A Grey Goo, All The While Self-Replicating
Stephen Webb—PhD in theoretical physics and professor at Open University-2002 (Where is Everybody: page 249 )
One of the elements of any future nanotechnology is likely to be the nanorobot—
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, involving the escape of a nanobot, turns their biosphere into sludge. AND, nanotech makes alife development inevitable – this makes grey goo probable as machines can surpass their safety limits
Herrlich 05 ~[Jeff „Molecular Manufacturing and Proliferation: Comments" November 22, 2005~] ~[ct~] ~[http://crnano.typepad.com/crnblog/2005/11/molecular_manuf.html~~%23comments~~]
There’s another factor to consider which I’m not sure is receiving enough attention. Strong
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and negotiations. For more info on friendly AI, check out the Singularity
AND, this outweighs all other impacts – the death of one world is trivial to the death of the universe
Rheingold 92 ~[Howard "At the beginning of the twentieth century; computational biology" Whole Earth Review - September 22, pg Cov~] ~[West~] It looks as if something even more powerful than thermonuclear weaponry is emanating from that
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Alien loose on the cosmos is a whole new level of ethical lapse. H) Utilitarianism
1) Utilitarianism Provides The Best Rational Framework—All Others Fail
Jeremy Bentham—philosopher—1948 (The Principles of Morals and Legislation; pg 1-2)
Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure
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sense, in caprice instead of reason, in darkness instead of light. 2) Utilitarianism Extends To Extraterrestrials and Gives Weight To Future Events R.I. Sikora and Brian Berry—respectively: professor of philosophy @ University Of British Columbia; professor of Political Science @ Chicago University—1978 (Obligations To Future Generations; p. 101-2)
Utilitarianism impartiality is an absolutely essential element of utilitarian morality. It ensures that utilities
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generations must be taken into account in deciding on population or resource policy.
3) It May Seem Immoral To Allow Human Extinction, But It Also Immoral To Destroy The Universe Along With Countless Alien Civilizations. This Is Why We Must Use Utility In Our Decisions.
Philip Pettit—professor of Philosophy @ Australia National University—1991 (A Companion to Ethics, ed. By Peter Singer; pg 234)
It is usually said against consequentialism that it would lead an agent to do horrendous
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, say, a massive bomb to go off in some public place. Humans are inherently evil
SocialPC no date http://www.socialpc.com/Sociology/Are-Humans-Inherently-Evil.html A great man once remarked "All men are created equal". Well that observation
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now "Demons" would be the best adjective to describe our race. |
| 18 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 8 | Opponent: Augustana EH | Judge: A. Interpretation – the word "for" modifies "energy production" – incentives must directly promote energy; no middle steps For must be direct
WORDS AND PHRASES ’4 (Words and Phrases Permanent Edition, "For," Volume 17, p. 338-343 November 2004, Thomson West)
W.D.Tenn. 1942. The Fair Labor Standards Act of
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which only "affects" a certain purpose which implies an indirect relation.
B. Violation – the plan increases incentives for energy AND weapons production conversion OR weapons production is extra topical |
| 517 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 8 | Opponent: Augustana EH | Judge: Accomodation and nuclear peace mean there’s no incentive to upset the squo
Monteiro 11
Nuno P., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University (June 13, 2011, "BALANCING ACT WHY UNIPOLARITY MAY BE DURABLE," http://www.nunomonteiro.org/wp-content/uploads/Nuno-Monteiro-Balancing-Act-20110613.pdf) What is, then, wrong with the argument that unipolarity is indeed durable?
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eventually shifting the systemic balance of power and putting an end to unipolarity. Heg is good
Kagan 12, Robert, senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution ~["Why the World Needs America," February 11th, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203646004577213262856669448.html-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203646004577213262856669448.html~] With the outbreak of World War I, the age of settled peace and advancing
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what the world looked like right before the American order came into being. Heg decline prompts other countries to attack
Kagan 12
senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution (Robert "The world America Made") One of the main causes of war throughout history has been a rough parity of
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great-power competition would make great-power war more likely again. Statistical evidence proves
Owen 11
John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/ Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated
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in part by the emergence of the United States as the global hegemon. Hegemony is key to prevent disease
Meier ’10
Asst. Professor of Global Health Policy @ UNC Chapel Hill (Benjamin Mason, The Obama Administration’s Global Health Initiative: Public Health Law, U.S. Foreign Policy %26 Universal Human Rights, Public Health Law, 2010) Global health is fast becoming an explicit goal of U.S. policy –
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global health architecture and viewing our work as medicine on a global scale. Extinction
Yu 9
Victoria Yu, Dartmouth Journal of Undergraduate Science, "Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate", 5-22-09 http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, humans have indeed
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could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10). Interventionism is key to solve genocide
McMaster ’3
(Brigadier General H. R. Hoover Institution 3 Feb 17 http://www.hoover.org/pubaffairs/dailyreport/archive/2848556.html.) TBC 7/9/10
Although the dangers of careless military activism are easy to imagine, the cost of passivity is more difficult to discern. In the 1990s, the Vietnam syndrome helped delay and limit U.S. military intervention in the Balkans. Those delays and limits extended murderous Serbian repression and actually accelerated ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. Failure to intervene militarily often permits humanitarian crises to continue and leads to more dangerous conflicts. Promotion of security is an ethical responsibility of government – insecurity is inevitable but we can avoid a hell on earth
Elshtain ’3 *gender modified
(Jean Bethke, Prof. Social and Pol. Ethics – U. Chicago, "Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World", p. 46-48) IN THE IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH of September 11, I said to a friend, "
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This is Hobbes’s famous, or infamous, war of all against all. "Us vs. them" mentality is hard-wired
Fisbein and Dess 3
(Harold D., Nancy, Ph. D. University of Cincinnati psychology, Ph.D. Occidental College psychology Evolutionary psychology and violence: a primer for policymakers and public policy advocates Ed. - Richard W. Bloom, Nancy Kimberly Dess pg.157-158)
This chapter deals with an evolutionary analysis of intercultural conflict. The core assumption is
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that children’s great facility for learning human language is an evolutionary legacy is clear You have an ethical responsibility to prefer a realist framework
Mearsheimer 95
(John J. Mearsheimer, ~[Political Science Professor at University of Chicago~], "A Realist Reply," International Security, 20.1, Summer 1995, p. 91-92.) The most revealing aspect of Wendt’s discussion is that he did not respond to the
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perspective, defending realism might very well be the more responsible policy choice. Realism is inevitable – Material motivation creates conflict
Mearsheimer 95
(John J. Mearsheimer, ~[Political Science Professor at University of Chicago~], "A Realist Reply," International Security, 20.1, Summer 1995, p. 91.) Realists believe that state behavior is largely shaped by the material structure of the international
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where institutionalized norms cause states to behave in more communitarian and peaceful ways. Saving lives is the most moral act
Kateb 92
George, professor of politics @ Princeton University. "The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture." What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do
AND - they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)
Always a value to life
Augustine 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
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as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. Cooling now – history and trends
Carlin 11
Alan Carlin, PhD in Economics, former Director @ EPA and fellow @ RAND, 3-2011, " A Multidisciplinary, Science-Based Approach to the Economics of Climate Change," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 8
On the contrary, the evidence is that during interglacial periods over the last 3 million years the risks are on the temperature downside, not the upside. As we approach the point where the Holocene has reached the historical age when a new ice age has repeatedly started in past glacial cycles, this appears likely to be the only CAGW effect that mankind should currently reasonably be concerned about.
Earth is currently in an interglacial period quite similar to others before and after each
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civilization in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere—not global warming. But they cause faster warming – because large emission reductions remove sulfate aerosols which cool the Earth
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 55-56
In 2004, two IPCC contributors, Peter Cox and Meinrat Andreae, raised the
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"We live in a fool’s climate and are damned whatever we do." We’ll win on timeframe – sulfur removal would cause warming spikes faster than co2 solving it.
Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer, and Elmar Kriegler, June 2012. Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research, Germany. "The role of aerosol emission and control for achieving ambitious climate protection targets," iew2012.odandbrown.co.uk/files/2012/06/Strefler.pdf. kk
More than 100 countries have adopted the goal to limit temperature change to two¶
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However they used simple illustrative emission¶ scenarios for CO2 and air pollutants. No offense – co2 inevitable - exhalations
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 74-75)
It is surprising that politicians could have been so unwise as to agree on policies
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that harms the Earth; the people’s footprint is larger and more deadly. CO2 stays in the air longer than SO2 – that means there is only a risk of fast warming if we stop emitting
Monastersky, 91 – Richard, Staff writer for Business Net News, "CO2 limits may initially worsen warming - carbon dioxide and global warming" http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n7_v139/ai_10381518-http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n7_v139/ai_10381518
Policies designed to control fossil-fuel emissions might temporarily hasten the greenhouse warming before
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, and only later begin to curb the carbon dioxide warming, he found Anthro inevitable
Gillespie ’98
Alexander, "International Environmental Law, Policy, and Ethics" An anthropocentric environmental ethic grants moral standing exclusively to human beings and considers nonhuman natural
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a whole?" And that question, of course, is entirely open. Cosmological identification is imperialist and collapses into totalitarianism
Scott ’03
~[Peter Scott "A Political Theory of Nature." 2003, http://books.google.com/books?id=5lCWkIoFl7QC%26pg=PA80%26dq=deep+ecology+assimilation%26lr=%26ei=L7iIScfyM4HwMv_indEE~~%23PPA87,M1 In a pertinent criticism, Michael Northcott suggests that this notion of cosmological identification requires
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earlier: deep ecology lacks a political theory and lapses unwittingly into authoritarianism. |
| 22 | 01/11/2013 | |
| 305 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The dominant historical narrative has taught us that civilization is the natural outcome of humanity—this is far from the truth and is ultimately a crazy rationalization for a system that has been imposed upon us via coercion and will ultimately result in planetary extinction
Watson 1991 (David, “Civilization in Bulk”, Fifth Estate, Summer)
According to official history, this grid is the natural outcome of an inevitable evolution
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. Can a world worth inhabiting survive the ruin that will be left? Civ is the root cause
T.H.U.G. 2005 (Tree Huggin Urban Guerillas, Disorderly Conduct #6, http://insurgentdesire.org.uk/ whycivilization.htm)
Over the next thousands of years, this disease progresses, with its colonizing and
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level from the institutional to the personal, while they have devoured life. Civilized life is meaningless. It is based on the twin pillars of individual alienation and planetary rape—The only way out of this debacle is radical critique of civilization and the refusal to participate in structural reform¶
Zerzan 2005 (John, Primitivist Activist, MA SFSU, http://insurgentdesire.org.uk/feral.htm)¶
We exist in a landscape of absence wherein real life is steadily being drained out
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our lives by anything less than such a politics of rage and dreams? ALT IS TO REJECT THE AFF IN FAVOR OF MOMENTUM BUILDING REJECTION OF THE STATE. We aren’t a revolution – attempts to organize people after one homogenized cause leads to violence. Chaos rules everything theorizing any order is counterproductive and authoritarian—instead we should try to build momentum against the state. Felonius Skunk 2005 (Green Anarchy #19)
Along with the promising contagious articulation of anti-civilization ideas within the anarchist movement
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on our own terms, as with the lives we create for ourselves. Aff frames themselves as a part of infinite possibilities and understandings of the world a well as positing humans as – that allows tech domination to go unchallenged because we will theorize away problems instead of recognize their true cause.
Zerzan 1997 (John Zerzan¶ Against Technology: A talk by John Zerzan (April 23, 1997), http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/john-zerzan-against-technology-a-talk-by-john-zerzan-april-23-1997)
So I started having to do some homework, and I’ve done some writing on
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the technological imperatives of the day.” I think that’s really well put. *Even so-called green technologies employ a negative logic towards the earth; a desire for mastery that must be critiqued and ultimately rejected
Zerzan 2005 (John, Primitivist Activist, MA SFSU, http://insurgentdesire.org.uk/domesticationnews.htm)
WORTH NOTING IS A CONCISE ARTICLE IN THE March 4 issue the British journal Nature
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that a return to prehistoric farming methods would solve the problem of environmental degradation Links vs. Emory/Whatever Baudrillard and Derrida-ishThe 1ac leaves us no space to escape civilization—that’s sad because nature isn’t being fucked over by a spectacle, but real material forces that the 1ac refuses to confront.
Zerzan, No Date (http://www.primitivism.com/postmodernism.htm)
In the early '70s Jean Baudrillard exposed the bourgeois foundations of marxism, mainly its
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us hopeless in an unending mall; without a living critique; nowhere. Identity politics quickly becomes the oppression Olympics, where groups compete against each other for resources and attention from the state, leading to a self defeating politics of fragmentation
Landstreicher in 2005 (Wolfi, http://insurgentdesire.org.uk/politicstolife.htm)
The piece-meal approach and the political need for categorization also leads the left
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capital – so-called "bourgeois society" – impose upon us. |
| 522 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan HM | Judge:
Prefer realistic epistemologies – our scientific method is the same one everyone inevitably uses on a day-to-day basis, just more rigorous
Jean Bricmont 9/23/1
(Professor of theoretical physics at the University of Louvain; “Defense of a Modest Scientific Realism,” http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/bielefeld_final.pdf) So, how does one obtain evidence concerning the truth or falsity of scientific assertions
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between the alternative theories if indeed they should be regarded as different theories. Prioritizing emotion overwhelms rationality and makes decision-making reactionary
George F. Loewenstein Et al 2001, “Risk as Feelings,” Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 127, No. 2 Although neither the affect-as-information hypothesis nor the affect heuristic rule out
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to override their emotional responses to situations—to “conquer their fears.” Fluidity Turn - Intellectual mobility is a privileged notion- their form of fluidity only exploits others
Diken, Bulen & Albertson, Niels(Aarhaus school of Architecture). "Mobility, Justification, and the City." 2001.
http://www.a-aarhus.dk/velfaerdsbyen/sider/download/nabd-mobilityUK.pdf Four points to start with: Firstly, mobility is not a universal phenomenon.
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to the stabilisation of the mobile, reticular world today.
Privilege Turn
A) The fetishization of abstract theory in the 1AC is a form of privilege which buys into Eurocentric notions and undermines attempts to engage in indigenous education
Grande in 04 (sandy, Red Pedagogy) This book examines the tensions and intersections between dominant modes of critical educational theory and
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inherently contradictory to the aims of indigenous education. (1-2) B) Indigenous education is key - The colonialism of early America is the root cause of imperial violence today – it is extension of genocidal carnage against native peoples - Aff cannot account for this root
Street ‘4
PAUL STREET, AUTHOR, MARCH 11, 2004. [“THOSE WHO DENY THE CRIMES OF THE PAST REFLECTIONS ON AMERICAN RACIST ATROCITY DENIAL, 1776-2004,” HTTP://THEREITIS.ORG/DISPLAYARTICLE242.HTML] It is especially important to appreciate the significance of the vicious, often explicitly genocidal
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future as long as they retain the means and motive to do so. No solvency - The aff's challenge of normative theories about power and the state grows out of the same white privilege which created those structures - makes change from this starting point impossible
Kevin Dunn, 2006. (political science professor at Hobart & William Smith Colleges) “Interrogating White Male Privilege in IR Theory” http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/0/0/4/9/pages100490/p100490-1.php Accessed October 13, 2009
The ability of white males to define what is considered “normal” has meant
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normative manifestations. For that reason, let me offer a few examples. Cosmological identification is imperialist and collapses into totalitarianism
Scott ‘03
[Peter Scott “A Political Theory of Nature.” 2003, http://books.google.com/books?id=5lCWkIoFl7QC&pg=PA80&dq=deep+ecology+assimilation&lr=&ei=L7iIScfyM4HwMv_indEE#PPA87,M1 In a pertinent criticism, Michael Northcott suggests that this notion of cosmological identification requires
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earlier: deep ecology lacks a political theory and lapses unwittingly into authoritarianism. Psychoanalysis is a non-falsifiable joke – prefer empiricism
Jerry A. Coyne, reviewing FOLLIES OF THE WISE by Frederick Crews, September 6, 2006. http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/025347-2345445,00.html Laid out in the first four essays, Crews’s brief against Freud is hard to
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politics and religion, we desperately need to heed Crews’s plea for empiricism. You overdetermine ontology – attempting to do so is a form of domination that ignores individual expression
Shirky 2005
Clay, decentralization and technology consultant to Nokia, GBN, the Library of Congress, the Highlands Forum, the Markle Foundation, and the BBC, adjunct professor in NYU's graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program, has had regular columns in Business 2.0, FEED, OpenP2P.com and ACM Net_Worker, and his writings have appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Harvard Business Review, Wired, Release 1.0, Computerworld, and IEEE Computer, the original Professor of New Media in the Media Studies department at Hunter College, “Ontology is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags”, http://www.shirky.com/writings/ontology_overrated.html#the_only_group The mind-reading aspect shows up in conversations about controlled vocabularies. Whenever users
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of expression, and they overestimate loss from the lack of a thesaurus. |
| 525 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Emory/"Fighting Bowels" | Judge:
Privilege Turn
A) The fetishization of abstract theory in the 1AC is a form of privilege which buys into Eurocentric notions and undermines attempts to engage in indigenous education
Grande in 04 (sandy, Red Pedagogy)
This book examines the tensions and intersections between dominant modes of critical educational theory and
AND
inherently contradictory to the aims of indigenous education. (1-2) B) Indigenous education is key - The colonialism of early America is the root cause of imperial violence today – it is extension of genocidal carnage against native peoples - Aff cannot account for this root
Street ‘4
PAUL STREET, AUTHOR, MARCH 11, 2004. [“THOSE WHO DENY THE CRIMES OF THE PAST REFLECTIONS ON AMERICAN RACIST ATROCITY DENIAL, 1776-2004,” HTTP://THEREITIS.ORG/DISPLAYARTICLE242.HTML] It is especially important to appreciate the significance of the vicious, often explicitly genocidal
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future as long as they retain the means and motive to do so. The aff ensures we view suffering as a textual anomaly created by the lack of Baudrillard’s cool-aid which allows us to distance ourselves from responsibility for moral atrocities
Ketels 96
[Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)]
[*46] THE political bestiality of our age is abetted by our willingness to
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Nothing less than the transformation of human consciousness is likely to rescue us. No solvency - The aff's challenge of normative theories about power grows out of the same white privilege which created those structures - proven by the fact that their conversation only involves white men - makes change from this starting point impossible
Kevin Dunn, 2006. (political science professor at Hobart & William Smith Colleges) “Interrogating White Male Privilege in IR Theory” http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/0/0/4/9/pages100490/p100490-1.php Accessed October 13, 2009
The ability of white males to define what is considered “normal” has meant
AND
normative manifestations. For that reason, let me offer a few examples. Don't let the 2AC incorporate our 1NC authors into their conversation - they chose not to do so. Incorporating our authors would require a massive ontological shift which reflects the privilege of intellectual mobility
Diken, Bulen & Albertson, Niels(Aarhaus school of Architecture). "Mobility, Justification, and the City." 2001.
http://www.a-aarhus.dk/velfaerdsbyen/sider/download/nabd-mobilityUK.pdf Four points to start with: Firstly, mobility is not a universal phenomenon.
AND
of the mobile, reticular world today. |
| 3 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota CP | Judge:
A. Interpretation – Substantially is without material qualification
Black’s Law 91 (Dictionary, p. 1024) Substantially - means essentially; without material qualification. AND, Substantial is HOW you reduce restrictions, not the amountWatson 2k (James L, Senior Judge, UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE, May 23, http://www.cit.uscourts.gov/SlipOpinions/Slip_op00/00-57.pdf-http://www.cit.uscourts.gov/SlipOpinions/Slip_op00/00-57.pdf, CMR) In T.D. 92-108, Customs notes: "~[n~]
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." Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged (1968). B. Violation – the aff qualifies their action by limiting it to federal lands |
| 107 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota CP | Judge: Obama will spend political capital and get IMMIGRATION REFORM by summertime UNLESS the plan reshuffles the deck – no action on warming now – this card accounts for all the thumpers
Chris Weignat, January 23, 2013. Political writer and blogger with the Huffington Post, "Handicapping Obama’s Second Term Agenda," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-weigant/obama-second-term_b_2537802.html
Realistically, Obama’s only going to have anywhere from a few months to (at
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of Obama’s main agenda items. We’ll just have to wait and see. Energy debates drain capital
Izadi, National Journal, 12
(Elahe, 8-29-12, "Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829, accessed 11-8-12, CMM)
In a climate where everything from transportation issues to the farm bill have gotten caught
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a little help to understand how to make Congress work," he added. Immigration reform key to invigorate the economy – on the knife’s edge
MarketWatch, January 18, 2013. Darrell Delamaide, "Obama poised to serve up legislative barrage," http://articles.marketwatch.com/2013-01-18/commentary/36403142_1_immigration-reform-illinois-democrat-luis-gutierrez-white-house
At the start of his second term, the president seems determined to gain the
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on other items in his agenda for the term that starts next week. Growth averts great power nuclear war
Mead 9 ~[Walter Russell, Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, New Republic, February 4, http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8%26p=2~~]
If current market turmoil seriously damaged the performance and prospects of India and China,
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the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight. Obama will wreck opposition on immigration reform, but only because of pocap and ability to overcome weak opposition.
Mckay 12/10/12 (Tom McKay is a staff writing intern at PolicyMic "Immigration Reform 2013: Republican Plan to Beat Obama Will Tear the GOP Apart" http://www.policymic.com/articles/20448/immigration-reform-2013-republican-plan-to-beat-obama-will-tear-the-gop-apart)kk
Republicans are going to get demolished on immigration reform during Obama’s second term, claims
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white enclaves into competitive, Latino-heavy districts over the coming years.
Energy debates drain capital
Izadi, National Journal, 12
(Elahe, 8-29-12, "Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829, accessed 11-8-12, CMM)
In a climate where everything from transportation issues to the farm bill have gotten caught
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a little help to understand how to make Congress work," he added. reform is critical to foster science diplomacy – it’s the only way to solve international threats like great power war, disease, climate change, and proliferation and build relations with China
Pickering et al, 10
(THOMAS R. -ov president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, undersecretary of state from 1997-2000 and chairs the advisory council of the Civilian Research and Development Foundation. Agre, a Nobel laureate, is a physician and director of the Malaria Research Institute at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, PETER AGRE, "Science diplomacy aids conflict reduction" http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/feb/20/science-diplomacy-aids-conflict-reduction/, 7/27/10, atl)
Over two foggy days in April, a group of high-ranking Chinese science
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be crucial to finding solutions both to global problems and to global conflict. Disease ensure extinction
Yu 9
Victoria Yu, Dartmouth Journal of Undergraduate Science, "Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate", 5-22-09 http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate
A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, humans have indeed
AND
could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10). |
| 523 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota CP | Judge: Natural gas competition brackets out economic benefits of increased oil production
Auer, 12 (Matthew, dean of the Hutton Honors College and professor at the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University, March 4, 2012, "Without a surge in demand, drilling for oil won’t help economy" http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765556024/Wiithout-a-surge-in-demand-drilling-for-oil-wont-help-economy.html?pg=all, 8/1/12, atl) Why? Natural gas prices are near 10-year lows and some wells are
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extract and burn these fuels without anticipating the public health and environmental consequences. US Econ resilient
Bloomberg 5/9/12 (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-09/fed-s-plosser-says-u-s-economy-proving-resilient-to-shocks.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-09/fed-s-plosser-says-u-s-economy-proving-resilient-to-shocks.html)
Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank President com/charles-plosser/ said the -economy/ has
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proved resilient and growth picked up in the second half of the year." Economic decline doesn’t cause war – empty bellies – war requires wealth that doesn’t exist in an economic downturn
Deudney 91
Hewlett Fellow in Science, Technology, and Society at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Princeton (Daniel, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Ebsco) Poverty Wars. In a second scenario, declining living standards first cause internal turmoil
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military operations require complex organizational skills, specialized industrial products and surplus wealth. Empirics prove
Ferguson 06
(Foreign Affairs, Niall, Harvard, EBSCO) It might have been expected that such prosperity would eliminate the causes of war.
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and as the commander of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. Food scarcity doesn’t cause war – prefer our evidence – it indicts their scholarship
Benjamin Buckland, International Peace Bureau, 2K7 *Sexist Langauge%21
~["A Climate of War? Stopping the Securitisation of Global Climate Change," http://ipb.org/i/pdf-files/A_Climate_of_ War_Stopping_the_Securitisation_of_Climate_Change.pdf, ACC. 12-12-2008~] Again, not mentioning climate change, the Brundtland Report clearly enunciated links between environmental
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is that environmental factors are, at best, of secondary importance.15 Market adjustments solve – resource shortages are self-correcting
National Post, ’8
(Canada, aka Financial Post, National Edition, 4/2"Don’t Panic," Lexis-Nexis) The trouble with doom-and-gloom predictions — whether they be about oil
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depend on, it is that the law of supply and demand will interve Tek solves soil erosion
Ronald Bailey, science correspondent, author of Earth Report 2000: Revisiting the True State of the Planet, former Brookes Fellow in Environmental Journalism at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, member of the Society of Environmental Journalists, adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute, May 2000, Reason Magazine, "Earth Day, Then and Now," http://reason.com/0005/fe.rb.earth.shtml
What will Earth look like when Earth Day 60 rolls around in 2030? Here
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continue to slow down and forest growth in the developed economies will increase. Studies show their impact claims are exaggerations
Sunday E. Obalum et al,1,2 Mohammed M. Buri,3 John C. Nwite,4 Hermansah,5 Yoshinori Watanabe,1 Charles A. Igwe,1,2 and Toshiyuki Wakatsuki1¶ 1School of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 631-8505, Japan¶ 2Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria¶ 3CSIR—Soil Research Institute, Academy Post Office, Kwadaso, Kumasi, Ghana¶ 4Department of Crop Production Technology, Federal College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 7008, Ishiagu, Nigeria¶ 5Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia¶ Received 4 November 2011; Revised 13 January 2012; Accepted 16 January 2012¶ "Soil Degradation-Induced Decline in Productivity of Sub-Saharan African Soils: The Prospects of Looking Downwards the Lowlands with the Sawah Ecotechnology," http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aess/2012/673926/~~%23B43 Furthermore, the comparison of the data in Table 1 with those in Table 2
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relationships generated by different methods are hard to compare ~[4, 43~]. No Indo-China war
Malone and Mukherjee, 10
~[David M. Malone, a former Canadian Ambassador to the UN and High
AND
, Volume 52, Issue 1 February 2010 , pages 137 – 158~] The Sino-Indian border dispute is long running and fairly intractable, despite shows
AND
though their tactical alliances have often proved unstable in the heat of negotiation. No escalation over Spratleys
Christopher C. Joyner, Georgetown International Law Professor, Spring 1998
~[New England Law Review, 32 New Eng.L. Rev. 819, p. lexis~]
Nevertheless, several factors suggest the unlikelihood of large-scale military conflict over the
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Asian states, including other claimants to the Spratlys, underscores that reluctance. ASEAN solves Spratly escalation
Jason Ray Hutchison, at The School for International Training International Studies, Organizations, and Social Justice, May 5, 2003, http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:DGbmIUi_PSwJ:www.politicsandgovernment.ilstu.edu/conference/confinalupl/Hutchison1.doc+spratly+islands+%2Bescalate+%26hl=en Tying the concept in with multilateralism, China’s involvement with ASEAN has also helped to
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’When the snipe and the clam grapple, itÂ’s the fisherman who profits Recent confidence building measures have decrease likelihood of nuclear use and conflict
Botez 11
(Radu, Writer @ Open Security, a think tank specializing in contemporary conflicts, " India-Pakistan talks slowly move forward," June 29, http://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/security_briefings/290611, EMM)
At the end of last week, foreign secretaries Nirupama Rao of India and Salman
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issues both countries have gone to war over several times in the past. Empirically denied – they’ve been to war 3 times in the last 60 years with no escalation. Mutual interests and US diplomacy always intervene. Mumbai proved political %26 economic concerns outweigh. History is on our side No nuclear escalation
Gaurav Rajen and Kent Biringer, SANDIA National Laboratories, 2001 (DISARMAMENT DIPLOMACY, March, http://www.acronym.org.uk/55rajen.htm) (MHHARV2414) On February 21, 1999, in Lahore, Pakistan, the Foreign Secretaries of
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two sides shall identify/establish the appropriate communication mechanism for this purpose." |
| 12 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
A. INTERP AND VIOLATION:
~["incentives" for~] is a plural and countable noun – plan effects a single incentive, which is sub-topical.
http://oald8.**oxfordlearnersdictionaries**.com/dictionary/incentive ~[countable, uncountable~] incentive (for/to somebody/something) (to do something)¶ something that encourages you to do something¶ tax incentives to encourage savings¶ There is no incentive for people to save fuel.¶ There is an added incentive for you to buy from our catalogue—a free gift with every purchase. |
| 108 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Hagel – will be confirmed – political capital is key
SIOBHAN GORMAN And CAROL E. LEE, January 6, 2013. White House to Go on Offense for Hagel Pick, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323482504578225532918927080.html President Barack Obama plans to announce Monday that he is nominating former Republican Sen.
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GOP senator from Nebraska who served on the foreign relations and intelligence committees.¶ Energy debates drain capital
Izadi, National Journal, 12
(Elahe, 8-29-12, "Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829, accessed 11-8-12, CMM)
In a climate where everything from transportation issues to the farm bill have gotten caught
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a little help to understand how to make Congress work," he added. Hagel is key to balanced American foreign policy – "warm porridge" maintains fiscally healthy hegemony
Peter Beinart, January 7, 2013. "Why Hagel Matters," http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/01/07/why-hagel-matters.html More generally, Hagel’s Republican critics realize that Iraq has changed his view of American
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one day look back upon Chuck Hagel’s nomination as the day it did. Balanced management of defense spending cuts is key to primacy and great power peace.
The Zalmay Khalilzad, was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, February 8, 2011. "The Economy and National Security," http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?pg=1 Such scenarios would reshape the international order. It was the economic devastation of Britain
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tax expenditures while lowering individual and corporate rates). These are promising options. |
| 106 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: Many | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Rail industry is on the brink – squo coal freight is barely sufficient to keep them alive
Trefis Team 7/12/12
(an industry analysis team with MIT engineers and Wall Street analysts, "CSX Chugs To %2425 Despite King Coal’s Weakness," http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2012/07/12/csx-chugs-to-25-despite-king-coals-weakness/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2012/07/12/csx-chugs-to-25-despite-king-coals-weakness/) The liquidity of the railroad companies, on the hand, have been adequate owing
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will help CSX fund its growth plans through loans at cheaper interest rates. Sharp decline in coal traffic is the most probable scenario for freight rail collapse
Eaken et al. ’11
B. Kelly Eakin is senior vice president at Christensen Associates, where ¶ A . Thomas Bozzo, Ma r k E. Me i t z en, and Phi l i p E. Sc hoe c h are ¶ vice presidents.Railroad Performance Under the Staggers Act Deregulation revived the rail freight industry, with most of the gains going to shippers. Regulation | Winter 2010–2011, http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv33n4/regv33n4-6.pdf But the challenges facing the railroad industry go beyond the recent economic downturn. We
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overhead burden on customers, and worsen the financial condition of the railroads. US rail industry collapse kills the chemical industry
Spraggins 9
(H. Barry Spraggins, U Nevada Reno, 2009, "The case for rail transportation of hazardous materials," Journal of Management and Marketing Research, http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09224.pdf) Twenty percent of the nation’s chemicals move by rail. But railroads carry an even
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, the focus should be on the safest method of shipping, rail. Chemical industry key to prevent bioterrorism
National Academy of Sciences 3
("Beyond the Molecular Frontier: Challenges for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering," Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology pp. 175, http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309084776/html/171.html) To guard against biological attacks, it will be necessary to develop rapid and reliable
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exposure. Consequently, sensors and other fast analytical techniques must be developed. Extinction
Stienbrener 97
(John D. Steinbruner senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution and holder of the Sydney Stein, Jr. Chair in International Security. His work has focused on issues of international security policy and related problems of international policies. Foreign Policy, Winter 1997 n109 p85(12) "Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses.") Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives and lethal chemicals as potential weapons
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for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit. |
| 524 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan HL | Judge: Multiple alt causes to oceans collapse and recovery from existing damage would take a million years
All Africa, 2/26/08
"Nigeria: raises alarm over looming global fisheries collapse" allafrica.com
A deadly combination of climate change, over-fishing and pollution could cause the
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, and by 2100 could prevent mollusks in some seas from forming shells. Cooling now – history and trends
Carlin 11
Alan Carlin, PhD in Economics, former Director @ EPA and fellow @ RAND, 3-2011, " A Multidisciplinary, Science-Based Approach to the Economics of Climate Change," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 8
On the contrary, the evidence is that during interglacial periods over the last 3 million years the risks are on the temperature downside, not the upside. As we approach the point where the Holocene has reached the historical age when a new ice age has repeatedly started in past glacial cycles, this appears likely to be the only CAGW effect that mankind should currently reasonably be concerned about.
Earth is currently in an interglacial period quite similar to others before and after each
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civilization in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere—not global warming. But they cause faster warming – because large emission reductions remove sulfate aerosols which cool the Earth
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 55-56 In 2004, two IPCC contributors, Peter Cox and Meinrat Andreae, raised the
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"We live in a fool’s climate and are damned whatever we do." We’ll win on timeframe – sulfur removal would cause warming spikes faster than co2 solving it.
Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer, and Elmar Kriegler, June 2012. Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research, Germany. "The role of aerosol emission and control for achieving ambitious climate protection targets," iew2012.odandbrown.co.uk/files/2012/06/Strefler.pdf. kk
More than 100 countries have adopted the goal to limit temperature change to two¶
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However they used simple illustrative emission¶ scenarios for CO2 and air pollutants. No offense – co2 inevitable - exhalations
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 74-75)
It is surprising that politicians could have been so unwise as to agree on policies
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that harms the Earth; the people’s footprint is larger and more deadly. CO2 stays in the air longer than SO2 – that means there is only a risk of fast warming if we stop emitting
Monastersky, 91
Richard, Staff writer for Business Net News, "CO2 limits may initially worsen warming - carbon dioxide and global warming" http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n7_v139/ai_10381518-http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n7_v139/ai_10381518
Policies designed to control fossil-fuel emissions might temporarily hasten the greenhouse warming before
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, and only later begin to curb the carbon dioxide warming, he found Nuke leadership fails – it’s an ineffective tool and outdated
Weiss 9
(Leonard, Affiliated Scholar – Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation, "Reliable Energy Supply and Nonproliferation," Nonproliferation Review, 16(2), July, http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/npr_16-2_weiss.pdf) Part of the problem is that its value as a nonproliferation tool was at its
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security for all does not have the power it may once have had. No rapid proliferation.
Hymans 12
~[JACQUES E. C. HYMANS is Associate Professor of International Relations at the University of Southern California. His most recent book is Achieving Nuclear Ambitions: Scientists, Politicians, and Proliferation (Cambridge University Press, 2012), from which this essay is adapted. Botching the Bomb. By: Hymans, Jacques E. C., Foreign Affairs, 00157120, May/Jun2012, Vol. 91, Issue 3~]
.
Yet there is another possibility. The Iranians had to work for 25 years just
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Iran’s political leaders — to hinder the country’s nuclear progress all by themselves. No prolif – too many disincentives to go nuclear
Mueller ’9
(John – Woody Hayes chair of national security studies at Ohio State University, Atomic Obsession, p. 103) It rather appears that, insofar as most leaders of most countries (even rogue
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This chapter assesses the quite considerable and significant consequential disincentives to go nuclear. Terrorism impact is silly – not that big, can be stopped, exaggerated, inevitable
STEWART 3/22/12
Stratfor Intelligence Reporter
Scott Stewart, Keeping Terrorism in Perspective, Stratfor,http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/keeping-terrorism-perspective-http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/keeping-terrorism-perspective~]
By design, terrorist attacks are intended to have a psychological impact far outweighing the
AND
and minimize the impact of such attacks if they maintain the proper perspective. Taboo solves now
Cha 1
(Victor, Associate Professor of Government and School of Foreign Service @ Georgetown, "The second nuclear age: Proliferation pessimism versus sober optimism in South Asia and East Asia," Journal of Strategic Studies, InformaWorld) Proliferation pessimists do not deny the existence of the nuclear taboo; they do,
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among some, as a responsibility to be borne as a nuclear state. Multiple causes of declining competitiveness – one policy can’t solve
Porter and Rivkin Mar 12
(Michael E. Porter is the Bishop William Lawrence University Professor and Jan W. Rivkin is the Bruce V. Rauner Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School. "The Looming Challenge to U.S. Competitiveness," http://hbr.org/2012/03/the-looming-challenge-to-us-competitiveness/ar/1) The American economy is clearly struggling to recover from a recession of unusual depth and
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rather than being passive victims of public policy or hostages of misguided shareholders. Competitiveness high and not key
Brooks and Wohlforth, 8
~[Stephen G. Brooks is Assistant Professor and William C. Wohlforth is Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College, "World out of Balance, International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy," p. 32-35~] American primacy is also rooted in the county’s position as the world’s leading technological
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until the distribution of capabilities changes fundamentally. The next section explains why. No nuclear renaissance
Mez 12
Lutz Mez, Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin, 5-7-12, "Nuclear Energy—Any Solution for Sustainability and Climate Protection?", http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512003527, Is the entire world really building nuclear power plants? By no means. According
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should at any rate not be underestimated (Mez et al., 2009). International consensus proves IFRs aren’t competitive and power generation will be small
PR Newswire 2/17/10
("Report: Unsuccessful ’Fast Breeder’ Is No Solution for Long-Term Reactor Waste Disposal Issues" International Panel on Fissile Materials, http://www.nirs.org/reactorwatch/newreactors/fastbreeder21710.pdf) Hopes that the "fast breeder" – a ¶ plutonium-fueled nuclear reactor
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and their contribution to ¶ overall electricity generation will be modest at best." |
| 526 | 01/11/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: Octas | Opponent: Michigan CM | Judge: Natural gas prices decreasing
Phillips 13
(Matthews Phillips, January 10, 2013,why natural gas will stay cheap in 2013, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-10/why-natural-gas-will-stay-cheap-in-2013-http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-10/why-natural-gas-will-stay-cheap-in-2013) The Department of Energy is forecasting that coal will account for 39 percent of all
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their brother can get gas out of the ground and into the system." NG prices will spike when consumers see the effects
Restuccia 12
(Utility president warns of natural-gas price volatility By Andrew Restuccia - 04/26/12 02:46 PM ET http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/224035-aep-president-warns-of-natural-gas-price-volatility-http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/224035-aep-president-warns-of-natural-gas-price-volatilitya reporter in Washington, DC covering federal energy and environmental policy for POLITICO, previously covered energy and environmental issues for The Hill, The Washington Independent and Inside Washington Publishers.) But Akins warned that natural-gas prices, which are hovering around %242
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the natural-gas drilling method that has enabled the shale production boom. Manufacturing growing strongly
Davidson 12
(Adam, Davis, January 2012, making it in America, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/01/making-it-in-america/308844/) had come to Greenville to better understand what, exactly, is happening to manufacturing
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from American factories, adjusted for inflation, has risen by a third.¶ Energy prices are irrelevant to manufacturing
Michael A. Levi 5/7/12
(David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment, "Oil and Gas Euphoria Is Getting Out of Hand," blogs.cfr.org/levi/2012/05/07/oil-and-gas-euphoria-is-getting-out-of-hand/) But there is more. Ignatius’s column isn’t just about energy; it’s also about
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close to what’s needed for U.S. manufacturing to broadly thrive. Default against economic pessimism
Dornbrook 10
(James Dornbrook, January 8, 2010,Economist:ongoing reboundgives rebound for optimism, http://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/stories/2010/01/04/daily46.html) People should start being more optimistic about the economy because it probably will continue rebounding
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out in March 2009 and that recovery is under way, he said. Economic decline doesn’t cause war – empty bellies – war requires wealth that doesn’t exist in an economic downturn
Deudney 91
Hewlett Fellow in Science, Technology, and Society at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Princeton (Daniel, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Ebsco) Poverty Wars. In a second scenario, declining living standards first cause internal turmoil
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military operations require complex organizational skills, specialized industrial products and surplus wealth. Empirics prove
Ferguson 06
(Foreign Affairs, Niall, Harvard, EBSCO) It might have been expected that such prosperity would eliminate the causes of war.
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and as the commander of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. Domestic innovation not key to heg
Reihan Salam, Schwartz Fellow at the New American Foundation, "ROBERT PAPE IS OVERHEATED," 1/21/2009, http://www.theamericanscene.com/2009/01/21/robert-pape-is-overheated Pape spends a lot of time demonstrating that U.S. economic output represents
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means that unipolar military power is less valuable than it was in 1945. Can’t solve for Chinese emissions, no adoption
Barton 7 (Rep. Joe Barton, April 23 2007, "What To Do About Global Warming (Hint It Isn’t Cap And Trade Policy)", Barton is ranking member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, (http://thehill.com /leading-the-news/what-to-do-about-global-warming-hint—it-isnt-cap-and-trade-policy-2007-04-23.html) The irony is that when U.S. environmental policies chase companies out of
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than 20 years because it’s a real pollutant, but China still refuses. Warming is slowing because of sulfur aerosols.
uk/journalists/louise-gray/, 11/26/2010. Environment Correspondent for the Telegraph. "Global warming has slowed because of pollution," The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/8159991/Global-warming-has-slowed-because-of-pollution.html.
The latest figures from more than 20 scientific institutions around the world show that global
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," she said. "Aerosols cool the climate by reflecting the sunlight." Fast reduction of coal emissions would trigger rapid warming due to reduced aerosol cooling
N. Chalmers et al, 1,2 E. J. Highwood,1 E. Hawkins,1,2 R. Sutton,1,2 L. J. Wilcox1, 8/21/2012. 1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.; 2NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, U.K. "Aerosol contribution to the rapid warming of 2 near-term climate under RCP 2.6," Manuscript, accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters, www.met.reading.ac.uk/~ed/home/chalmers_etal_2012_accepted.pdf.
*RCP="Representative Concentration Pathways." These are IPCC scenarios designed for use in climate models, that essentially project different scenarios for changes (or lack thereof) in global emissions. RCP2.6 is a scenario of significant emissions reductions. RCP4.5 is the baseline "business as usual" scenario.
*CDNC=cloud droplet number concentration The period during which global mean surface temperature in RCP2.6 is higher than
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simulations by Wigley ~[1991~] and Johns et al. ~[2011~]. Causes warming spikes faster than co2 can solve
Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer, and Elmar Kriegler, June 2012. Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research, Germany. "The role of aerosol emission and control for achieving ambitious climate protection targets," iew2012.odandbrown.co.uk/files/2012/06/Strefler.pdf. kk
More than 100 countries have adopted the goal to limit temperature change to two¶
AND
However they used simple illustrative emission¶ scenarios for CO2 and air pollutants. No offense – co2 inevitable - exhalations
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 74-75)
It is surprising that politicians could have been so unwise as to agree on policies
AND
that harms the Earth; the people’s footprint is larger and more deadly. Past CO2 tipping point even if they reduced all emissions to zero
O’Carroll, 9
Eoin O’Carroll, CSM staff writer, 1/27/2009, " Report calls climate change ’irreversible’ ," http://features.csmonitor.com/environment/2009/01/27/report-calls-climate-change-irreversible/ Even if all the world’s smokestacks and tailpipes were to suddenly stop spewing CO2,
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not true," said Ms. Solomon, according to the Associated Press. The US could become dependent on NG, killing the transition to alt. energy.
Upham 9
(BC, NY Times Writer, 8-28, http://www.triplepundit.com/2009/08/natural-gas-bridge-fuel-or-renewable-energy-killer/, 7-8-11, AH) Natural gas is often portrayed as a "bridge fuel," providing a lower-
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new fossil fuel, delaying the much-needed switch to renewable energy. Trades off with venture capital renewables
Suzuki 12
"org/2012/whats-the-fracking-problem-with-natural-gas/" 09-12-2012 org/dsuzuki-articles/ is Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver and holds 27 honorary degrees from universities around the world. http://ecowatch.org/2012/whats-the-fracking-problem-with-natural-gas/-http://ecowatch.org/2012/whats-the-fracking-problem-with-natural-gas/ More than anything, continued and increasing investment in natural gas extraction and infrastructure will
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, we will have lost an opportunity to have invested in renewable energy. Their authors are paid-off
McDonnell 12
"Natural Gas Fracking Industry May Be Paying Off Scientists" BY TIM MCDONNELL, CLIMATE DESK 07.30.12 6:00 AM http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/07/gas-fracking-science-conflict-http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/07/gas-fracking-science-conflict Authors of pro-fracking studies are coming under fire for their cozy relationships with
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OEC html Chase to step down from his seat on the Commission. Turn- Natural Gas causes deforestation and water pollution
Zerbe 11
Trees Killed by Natural Gas Fracking Fluid¶ USDA Forest Service reports that fracking waste water kills trees and vegetation.¶ BY LEAH ZERBE http://www.rodale.com/natural-gas-dangers-http://www.rodale.com/natural-gas-dangers RODALE NEWS, EMMAUS, PA—The fossil fuel industry and many politicians are
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toxic air pollution, drinking water pollution, and worsening climate change emissions. Poisoned groundwater leads to extinction
Miller 4
(Jonathan, Prof of Geology, http://www.geosun.sjsu.edu/~~jmiller/Geo1_Lecture12_SurfaceProcesses.html, 12-8, EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES II: GROUNDWATER, 7-8-11, JL) Groundwater is extremely important because it is a source of clean drinkable water for human
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one of the most pressing environmental issues faced by citizens the world over. |
| 31 | 01/28/2013 | |
| 518 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 1 | Opponent: Samford AS | Judge: Cooling now – history and trends
Carlin 11
Alan Carlin, PhD in Economics, former Director @ EPA and fellow @ RAND, 3-2011, " A Multidisciplinary, Science-Based Approach to the Economics of Climate Change," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 8
On the contrary, the evidence is that during interglacial periods over the last 3 million years the risks are on the temperature downside, not the upside. As we approach the point where the Holocene has reached the historical age when a new ice age has repeatedly started in past glacial cycles, this appears likely to be the only CAGW effect that mankind should currently reasonably be concerned about.
Earth is currently in an interglacial period quite similar to others before and after each
AND
civilization in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere—not global warming. But they cause faster warming – because large emission reductions remove sulfate aerosols which cool the Earth
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 55-56
In 2004, two IPCC contributors, Peter Cox and Meinrat Andreae, raised the
AND
"We live in a fool’s climate and are damned whatever we do." We’ll win on timeframe – sulfur removal would cause warming spikes faster than co2 solving it.
Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer, and Elmar Kriegler, June 2012. Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research, Germany. "The role of aerosol emission and control for achieving ambitious climate protection targets," iew2012.odandbrown.co.uk/files/2012/06/Strefler.pdf. kk
More than 100 countries have adopted the goal to limit temperature change to two¶
AND
However they used simple illustrative emission¶ scenarios for CO2 and air pollutants. No offense – co2 inevitable - exhalations
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 74-75)
It is surprising that politicians could have been so unwise as to agree on policies
AND
that harms the Earth; the people’s footprint is larger and more deadly. CO2 stays in the air longer than SO2 – that means there is only a risk of fast warming if we stop emitting
Monastersky, 91
Richard, Staff writer for Business Net News, "CO2 limits may initially worsen warming - carbon dioxide and global warming" http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n7_v139/ai_10381518-http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n7_v139/ai_10381518
Policies designed to control fossil-fuel emissions might temporarily hasten the greenhouse warming before
AND
, and only later begin to curb the carbon dioxide warming, he found Heg decline inevitable and peaceful multiple warrants– attempting to sustain incites escalatory wars and flips the aff
Quinn 11
Adam, Lecturer in International Studies. Adam Quinn, University of Birmingham (July 1, 2011, "The Art of Declining Politely," International Affairs Volume 87, Issue 4)
As noted in the opening passages of this article, the narratives of America’s decline
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seems it is fortunate enough to have a president who fits the bill. US debt will kill hegemony
Khalilzad, 2011
former director of planning at the Defense Department ~[Zalmay February 8, 2011 The Economy and National Security Accessed July 29 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?page=1-http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?page=1 The National Review Online~]
If we don’t get our economic house in order, we risk a new era
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These trends could in the long term produce a multi-polar world. Power is shifting to the East – their authors are in denial – this solves what US heg does.
Layne 12 (Christopher Layne, PhD in political science from the University of California at Berkeley, JD from the University of Southern California Law Center, LLM in international law from the University of Virginia Law School, Mary Julia and George R Jordan professor of international affairs at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A%26M University, research fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at the Independent Institute, former associate professor of international studies at the University of Miami, former fellow in the Center for Social Theory and Comparative History at the University of California Los Angeles, former fellow at the CATO Institute, former fellow at the Center for International Studies at the University of Southern California, former MacArthur Foundation fellow in global security, former visiting professor at the Naval Postgraduate School, former research fellow at the Center for Science and International Affairs in the Kennedy School at Harvard University, former member of the professional staff at the Arroyo Center at the California Institute of Technology, former foreign policy analyst for NATO, 4-26-12, "The End of Pax Americana: How Western Decline became Inevitable," http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/the-end-of-pax-americana-how-western-decline-became-inevitable/256388/)
When great powers begin to experience erosion in their global standing, their leaders inevitably
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an intercivilizational power shift. The significance of this development cannot be overemphasized. ~[Doesn’t solve sustainability~] US hegemonic regional alliances makes China’s rise militaristic to crowd out the US – nationalism ensures escalation and extinction
Anatol LIEVEN, former senior assoc. at the Carnegie Endowment for Int’l Peace, June 13, 2012
The International Herald Tribune, "Avoiding a U.S.-China war," p.8
In East Asia, things are very different. For most of its history,
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book brings out with chilling force, the alternatives may well be catastrophic. US-China war would cause proliferation, environmental collapse, energy crisis, and global warming; we must avoid provocations.
Kissinger 11 ("Avoiding a U.S.-China cold war." — Henry A. Kissinger was secretary of state from 1973 to 1977. 01/14/11. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/13/AR2011011304832.html-http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/13/AR2011011304832.html.) Most Chinese I encounter outside of government, and some in government, seem convinced
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of condescension and are apt to translate American insistence as lack of respect. Heg doesn’t solve war
Christopher Preble (director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute) August 2010 "U.S. Military Power: Preeminence for What Purpose?" http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/u-s-military-power-preeminence-for-what-purpose/
Most in Washington still embraces the notion that America is, and forever will be
AND
States while the schlubs in fly-over country pick up the tab. Dominance doesn’t equal influence – the US lacks leverage.
Mastanduno 9
(Michael, Professor of Government at Dartmouth, World Politics 61, No. 1, Ebsco,)
During the cold war the United States dictated the terms of adjustment. It derived
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way, but it can no longer count on getting its own way. Wind power is useless – only produces 25% of full capacity, increases blackouts and depends on conventional fuels
Boone 11
(Jon, PhD, Environmentalist, and Formal Intervenor in Wind Installation Hearings, "Oxymoronic Windpower", http://www.masterresource.org/2011/01/wind-howlers-part-i/, Acc: 8/1/12) Wind machines, even massively tall and wide contemporary turbines, are wholly inimical to
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and scope of activity that must happen to make wind create modern power. Blackouts are the most likely scen for meltdowns
Dina Cappiello 3/29/11
(Huffington Post contributor, "Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html)
These long odds are among the reasons why the United States since the late 1980s
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making it difficult to ascertain water levels and the condition of the core.
Extinction
Lendman 11
Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan," http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan) Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused %24100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event. |
| 78 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 1 | Opponent: Augie EH | Judge:
Rant about direct and indirect objects that only relates to this aff. If your plan text is exactly the same and you want it, email me and I'll send it. Otherwise, I'll just put the card we read. Grammar – hold the line to preserve precise communication
Stanley Fish, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, June 21, 2002. "Say It Ain’t So," THE CHRONICLE, http://chronicle.com/article/Say-It-Ain-t-So/46137 Well, actually everyone knows what’s going on. The art of speaking and writing
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your written language and reaching the conclusions dictated and generated by those patterns. |
| 209 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 6 | Opponent: Augustana EH | Judge:
The United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial incentives for the production of solar power in the United States by converted domestic defense contractors. Wind turbines will eliminate multiple bats species
Boyles et al 11
(Justin, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Zoology %26 Entomology, university of Pretoria, "Economic Importance of Bats in Agriculture", http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16441323/226771198/name/Economic_Importance_of_Bats_in_Agriculture.pdf-http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16441323/226771198/name/Economic_Importance_of_Bats_in_Agriculture.pdf, Acc: 7/31/12) At the same time, bats of several migratory tree-dwelling species are being
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-zone insectivorous bats on a scale rivaled by few recorded events affecting mammals Bats are the lynchpin of agriculture – key to global prices
Boyles et al 11
(Justin, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Zoology %26 Entomology, university of Pretoria, "Economic Importance of Bats in Agriculture", http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16441323/226771198/name/Economic_Importance_of_Bats_in_Agriculture.pdf-http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16441323/226771198/name/Economic_Importance_of_Bats_in_Agriculture.pdf, Acc: 7/31/12, og) Estimating the economic importance of bats in agricultural systems is challenging, but published¶
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bats have enormous potential to¶ influence the economics of agriculture and forestry. Even small price increases cause instability in Africa
Lesley Wroughton July 1, 2008
Soaring prices push economies to tipping point-IMF, Tue 1 Jul 2008, 21:22 GMT, By Lesley Wroughton, http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnN01192487.html Surging food and fuel prices have pushed some countries to a "tipping point,"
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can they rely on their reserves to cushion the impact," he said. Nuclear war
Deutsch 02 – Founder of Rabid Tiger Project (Political Risk Consulting and Research Firm focusing on Russia and Eastern Europe) ~[Jeffrey, "SETTING THE STAGE FOR WORLD WAR III," Rabid Tiger Newsletter, Nov 18, http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html~~] The Rabid Tiger Project believes that a nuclear war is most likely to start in
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an ocean of troubled waters, and some people love to go fishing. |
| 32 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Michigan BJ | Judge:
A. Interpretation–"In" means within
Dictionary.com No Date Unabridged (v 1.1) in Audio Help /ɪn/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation~[in~] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation preposition, adverb, adjective, noun, verb, inned, in•ning.
–preposition 1. (used to indicate inclusion within space, a place, or limits): walking in the park. United States is a concrete territory
Encarta World English Dictionary, North American Edition. 2007
http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861708119 United States U•nit•ed States ~[ y ntəd stáyts ~] country in central North America, consisting of 50 states. Languages: English. Currency: dollar. Capital: Washington, D.C. Population: 290,342,550 (2001). Area: 9,629,047 sq km (3,717,796 sq mi.) Official name United States of America B. Violation–The affirmative is giving incentives for OTEC in the tropical oceans, which are not in the United States.
Susan Combs, Texas Comptroller of Public Affairs. May 2008. "The Energy Report," Ch. 20: Ocean Power, p. 274. http://www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/energy/pdf/20-OceanPower.pdf
~[Takumi Murayama~]
Finally, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is the least accessible form of
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cold water is brought to the surface by a deeply submerged intake pipe. |
| 521 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Michigan BJ | Judge: No motivation – terrorists have the capability but don’t prefer cyberterror
Joshua Green, editor of Washington Monthly, November, 2002, The Myth of Cyberterrorism, Washington Monthly, p. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0211.green.html~~%23byline Despite all the media alarm about terrorists poised on the verge of cyberattack, intelligence
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and almost certainly much deadlier, to strike the old-fashioned way. US isn’t vulnerable
LA Weekly ’2
~[http://www.christophernoxon.com/laweekly_sub_cyberterrorism.html~~] It’s easy to forget one simple fact: Cyberterrorism is imaginary. It has never
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box cutters have proven to be highly effective instruments for whipping up terror. Cooling now – history and trends
Carlin 11
Alan Carlin, PhD in Economics, former Director @ EPA and fellow @ RAND, 3-2011, " A Multidisciplinary, Science-Based Approach to the Economics of Climate Change," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 8
On the contrary, the evidence is that during interglacial periods over the last 3 million years the risks are on the temperature downside, not the upside. As we approach the point where the Holocene has reached the historical age when a new ice age has repeatedly started in past glacial cycles, this appears likely to be the only CAGW effect that mankind should currently reasonably be concerned about.
Earth is currently in an interglacial period quite similar to others before and after each
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civilization in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere—not global warming. But they cause faster warming – because large emission reductions remove sulfate aerosols which cool the Earth
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 55-56
In 2004, two IPCC contributors, Peter Cox and Meinrat Andreae, raised the
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"We live in a fool’s climate and are damned whatever we do." We’ll win on timeframe – sulfur removal would cause warming spikes faster than co2 solving it.
Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer, and Elmar Kriegler, June 2012. Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research, Germany. "The role of aerosol emission and control for achieving ambitious climate protection targets," iew2012.odandbrown.co.uk/files/2012/06/Strefler.pdf. kk
More than 100 countries have adopted the goal to limit temperature change to two¶
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However they used simple illustrative emission¶ scenarios for CO2 and air pollutants. No offense – co2 inevitable - exhalations
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 74-75)
It is surprising that politicians could have been so unwise as to agree on policies
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that harms the Earth; the people’s footprint is larger and more deadly. CO2 stays in the air longer than SO2 – that means there is only a risk of fast warming if we stop emitting
Monastersky, 91 – Richard, Staff writer for Business Net News, "CO2 limits may initially worsen warming - carbon dioxide and global warming" http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n7_v139/ai_10381518-http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n7_v139/ai_10381518
Policies designed to control fossil-fuel emissions might temporarily hasten the greenhouse warming before
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, and only later begin to curb the carbon dioxide warming, he found "Hydrogen solves nuke war" impact is terrorism
Terrorism impact is silly – not that big, can be stopped, exaggerated, inevitable
STEWART 3/22/12
Stratfor Intelligence Reporter
Scott Stewart, Keeping Terrorism in Perspective, Stratfor,http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/keeping-terrorism-perspective-http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/keeping-terrorism-perspective~]
By design, terrorist attacks are intended to have a psychological impact far outweighing the
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and minimize the impact of such attacks if they maintain the proper perspective. No nuclear terrorism – over twenty stages – failing at one means zero risk
Mueller ’10
(John, Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and a Professor of Political Science at The Ohio State University, A.B. from the University of Chicago, M.A. and Ph.D. @ UCLA, Atomic Obsession – Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda, Oxford University Press)
LIKELIHOOD In his thoughtful, influential, and well-argued 2004 book, Nuclear
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to find the prospects daunting and accordingly uninspiring or even terminally dispiriting. " Kurzweil innovation impact has no warrants and doesn’t say extinction – cites tech like nanobots and disease cures that the aff doesn’t solve. Only arguable "extinction" claim is "solving fatal disease" which Heg decline inevitable and peaceful multiple warrants– attempting to sustain incites escalatory wars and flips the aff
Quinn 11
Adam, Lecturer in International Studies. Adam Quinn, University of Birmingham (July 1, 2011, "The Art of Declining Politely," International Affairs Volume 87, Issue 4)
As noted in the opening passages of this article, the narratives of America’s decline
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seems it is fortunate enough to have a president who fits the bill. US debt will kill hegemony
Khalilzad, 2011
former director of planning at the Defense Department ~[Zalmay February 8, 2011 The Economy and National Security Accessed July 29 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?page=1-http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?page=1 The National Review Online~]
If we don’t get our economic house in order, we risk a new era
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These trends could in the long term produce a multi-polar world. Power is shifting to the East – their authors are in denial – this solves what US heg does.
Layne 12 (Christopher Layne, PhD in political science from the University of California at Berkeley, JD from the University of Southern California Law Center, LLM in international law from the University of Virginia Law School, Mary Julia and George R Jordan professor of international affairs at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A%26M University, research fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at the Independent Institute, former associate professor of international studies at the University of Miami, former fellow in the Center for Social Theory and Comparative History at the University of California Los Angeles, former fellow at the CATO Institute, former fellow at the Center for International Studies at the University of Southern California, former MacArthur Foundation fellow in global security, former visiting professor at the Naval Postgraduate School, former research fellow at the Center for Science and International Affairs in the Kennedy School at Harvard University, former member of the professional staff at the Arroyo Center at the California Institute of Technology, former foreign policy analyst for NATO, 4-26-12, "The End of Pax Americana: How Western Decline became Inevitable," http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/the-end-of-pax-americana-how-western-decline-became-inevitable/256388/)
When great powers begin to experience erosion in their global standing, their leaders inevitably
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an intercivilizational power shift. The significance of this development cannot be overemphasized. Rise of China and Asia will be peaceful
Layne, 09
Professor, and Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service (Christopher, "The Waning of U.S. Hegemony—Myth or Reality", International Security, Vol. 34, No. 1, Summer 2009) As Mahbubani sees it, the West should welcome Asia’s rise because Asia represents a
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should welcome Asia’s rise, as Mahbubani urges, is an open question. Plan doesn’t make heg sustainable – if our deterrence capability is dependent on a FINITE GROUP OF MINERALS, long-term deterrence is impossible US hegemonic regional alliances makes China’s rise militaristic to crowd out the US – nationalism ensures escalation and extinction
Anatol LIEVEN, former senior assoc. at the Carnegie Endowment for Int’l Peace, June 13, 2012
The International Herald Tribune, "Avoiding a U.S.-China war," p.8
In East Asia, things are very different. For most of its history,
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book brings out with chilling force, the alternatives may well be catastrophic. |
| 210 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: WSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: UTSA CR | Judge:
Kyle and I advocate the entirety of the 1AC except for their use of Carmelo’s narrative to frame their advocacy Their selective use of portions of the narrative is a re-presentation and reappropriation of meaning
Riessman 93
~[Catherine Kohler, prof of sociology at Boston University, Narrative Analsysis, 1993~] In conversation, tellers sometimes let listeners know a story is coming and indicate when
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Decisions underscore how deeply the listerner/interpreter is part of the text. You should question the role of their narrative – the strategies and competitiveness of debate turn their presentation into a re-presentation of domination for the ballot
Ann Marie Baldonado, Postcolonial Studies at Emory University, ’96
~["Representation," Fall, http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Representation.html, Accessed June 10, 2006, JT/DREG~] If there is always an element of interpretation involved in representation, we must then note who may be doing the interpreting. Ella Shohat claims that we should constantly question representations:
Each filmic or academic utterance must be analyzed not only in terms of who represents but also in terms of who is being represented for what purpose, at which historical moment, for which location, using which strategies, and in what tone of address. ("The Struggle over Representation: Casting, Coalitions, and the Politics of Identification," Late Imperial Culture, 173)
This questioning is particularly important when the representation of the subaltern is involved. The
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only ignorance but a lack of respect for the diversity within marginalized communities. |
| 527 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: WSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: UTSA CR | Judge: Identity politics based on resentment causes us to desire the privileged bourgeois status
Brown ’93
~[Wendy (University of California, Santa Cruz); "Wounded Attachments"; Political Theory; Vol. 21, No. 3; August; p. 390-410; JSTOR nick~] What this suggests is that identity politics may be partly configured by a peculiarly shaped
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produced by capitalism in addition to that bound to the explicitly politicized marking. Their suggestion that we force personal experience into the debate space is a form of forced outing that only ends up foreclosing options for resistance
Patterson, Florida Atlantic University, 2000
(Patricia M. Administrative Theory %26 Praxis Vol. 22, No. 4,: 663–695)
Speaking specifically of modern university classrooms, but clearly not limiting herself to them,
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1993, p. 34; Young, 1997, p. 66). Attention given to micropolitics obscures actual successes of disfavored groups and only benefits the privileged
Patricia Hill Collins, Prof. of Sociology - Dept. of African-American Studies at Univ. of Cincinnati, Fighting Words, 1998, 135-7
In this academic context, postmodern treatment of power relations suggested by the rubric of
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relations in academia or elsewhere. Ironically, their privilege may actually increase. THE OPPRESSOR / OPPRESSED DICHOTOMY FORECLOSES ADDRESSING THE INTERSECTIONS OF POWER. THEY CAN’T ACCOUNT FOR THE MULTIPLICITY OF POWER RELATIONS WITHIN "OPPRESSED" GROUPS
Thomas S.Popkewitz,Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction at Univ. of Wisconsin-MadisonANDMarieBrennan,Faculty of Education at Central Queensland Univ., Sept. 1997
~[RESTRUCTURING OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THEORY IN EDUCATION: FOUCAULT AND A SOCIAL EPISTEMOLOGY OF SCHOOL PRACTICES, Educational Theory, Volume 47 Issue 3 , Pages 287 – 434, JT~] Thus, while research and researchers can be sensitive to issues of race, class
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multiplicity of relations that exist within and among groups at any one time. A STANDPOINT OF THE OPPRESSED IS INADEQUATE TO GROUND ACTION. THEIR ARGUMENT ESTABLISHES A TRUTH REGIME WHERE THEIR SPECIFIC LOCATION BECOMES THE STANDARD BY WHICH TO EXCLUDE ALL OTHERS
CarolynD’Cruz,LaTrobe University, Australia,’1
~["What Matter Who’s Speaking?" Authenticity and Identity in Discourses of Aboriginality in Australia, Vol. 5 Issue 3, Jouvert, http://social.chass.ncsu.edu/jouvert/v5i3/cdcr.htm, ACC. 10-2-2008~] Borrowing from Marx’s materialist conception of history, feminist standpoint theory finds its point of
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way in which the issues raised by standpoint positions impinge upon that debate. Framing their struggle as being against "white supremacy" furthers racialized oppression – by locating the struggle in RACE they cause destruction of 16 million poor whites
Mike Cole 2007
"’Racism’ is about more than colour" http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=311222%26sectioncode=26-http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=311222%26sectioncode=26 November 23rd The problem with standard critical race theory is the narrowness of its remit, says
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Statistics such as these are indicative of racialised capitalism rather than white supremacy. That justifies racism against excluded groups deemed "white" – anti-semitism, traveler communities, and Muslim communities just to name a few
Mike Cole 2007
"’Racism’ is about more than colour" http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=311222%26sectioncode=26-http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=311222%26sectioncode=26 November 23rd A second problem with "white supremacy" is that it is inherently unable to
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to be fundamentally connected in the current historical circumstances of Western capitalist development". |
| 211 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: WSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: UCO BY | Judge: The United States Federal Government should declare the status of Native American tribal territories as Associated Nations. This solves the case – not energy, no link to politics
Dina Gilio-Whitaker is a Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies and frequent contributor to ICTMN, January 17, 2013. "Indian Self-Determination and Sovereignty," Read more at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/opinion/indian-self-determination-and-sovereignty-147025 Throughout the over 200 years of the colonial relationship between tribal nations and the United
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us that decolonization is as much a journey as it is a destination. |
| 528 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: WSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: UCO BY | Judge: Can’t solve coal mining – even if the *TRIBES* no longer use coal, the plan does nothing to prevent them from *MINING* it Prefer our more recent, specific evidence – new advances make extracting and firing coal cleaner and more efficient
Mark P. Mills 7/1/12
(adjunct fellow of the Manhattan Institute, "Unleashing the North American Energy Colossus: Hydrocarbons Can Fuel Growth and Prosperity," http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/pgi_01.htm-http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/pgi_01.htm)
As my colleague Peter Huber and I wrote in our book, The Bottomless Well
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how much the policy dialogue lags behind the new energy-economy reality. Their siting args are like hearing hoofbeats and assuming they’re zebras – siting isn’t primarily racialized and analysis of it shouldn’t be
Daniel Kevin 97
(Environmental analyst at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California
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LAND USES: A CRITIQUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE THEORIES AND REMEDIES," Lexis)
*LULU = Locally Undesirable Land Uses Environmental justice advocates identify racism as the cause of disparate impacts. However, the
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measures will be far more acceptable to the public and the courts alike. Util outweighs ethics impact in policy-making
Dan W. Brock Jul 87
(Professor of Philosophy and Biomedical Ethics at Brown University; "Truth or Consequences: The Role of Philosophers in Policy-Making," Ethics, Volume 97, p. 787, JSTOR)
When philosophers become more or less direct participants in the policy-making process and
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why did they enter the public domain? What are they doing there? Moral absolutism creates tunnel vision, evil and irrelevance
Isaac ’2
(Jeffrey C. Isaac, professor of political science at Indiana-Bloomington, director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale, Spring 2002, Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, "Ends, Means, and Politics," p. Proquest As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. Always a value to life
Augustine 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
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as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. Impossible to separate structural from direct violence and nuke war outweighs
Hanna Newcombe, ’11
4/25, Founder of the Peace Research Institute Dundas, "On Violence," Essays on world affairs, http://candis-peace.org/hn/book-2-on-one-page.html~%23on-violence-http://candis-peace.org/hn/book-2-on-one-page.html, ACC. 1-1-13, JT
Direct (intentional) violence and structural violence are convertible into each other, like
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of human betterment research would be justice research, freedom research, etc. Waiting for structural change means committing to future wars – our scenario prediction is more productive than the K
William Thompson 3
(Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for the Study of International Relations at Indiana University; "A Streetcar Named Sarajevo: Catalysts, Multiple Causation Chains, and Rivalry Structures," International Studies Quarterly, 47.3) Richard Ned Lebow (2000–2001) has recently invoked what might be called
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theoretical role of contingencies via the development of ’’what if ’’ scenarios. new technology has significantly reduced the environmental concerns of uranium mining
Laura Conaway 12/20/11
(Staff writer of MSNBC, "Uranium mining is good for you," http://maddowblog.msnbc.com/_news/2011/12/20/9585087-uranium-mining-is-good-for-you?lite) A company called Virginia Uranium has been itching to mine what it believes is 119
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industry," said Patrick Wales, a geologist and the company’s project manager. Nuclear water use has no impact, and has improved local ecosystems
NEI 6/21/12
(The Nuclear Energy Institute, "Myths and Facts about Nuclear," http://www.nei.org/corporatesite/media/filefolder/Final_Myths__Facts_061412_1.pdf) Plant cooling systems greatly harm aquatic environments and fish populations.¶ Fact: Scientific studies
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further information, visit NEI’s Water Use and ¶ Environmental Stewardship Web page. Their argument relies on the assumption that Natives would refuse any environmentally destructive practice – this distances tribes from modernity and paternalizes their ability to make decisions as a nation-state
Ezra Rosser 2/16/12
(Associate Professor at the American University Washington College of Law; Research Affiliate at the National Poverty Center at University of Michigan; M.Phil. in Land Economics from Cambridge; J.D. magna cum laude from Harvard Law School; "Ahistorical Indians and Reservation Resources," elawreview.org/2012/02/ahistorical-indians-and-reservation-resources/)
With regard to development, "misleading" is an understatement. The stereotype is
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Indians as dependent and in need of our protection and guidance.~[209~] Even if there is some truth, their characterization of Natives as being against only the "dirty" forms of energy production reifies essentialist tropes at the expense of sovereignty
Ezra Rosser 2/16/12
(Associate Professor at the American University Washington College of Law; Research Affiliate at the National Poverty Center at University of Michigan; M.Phil. in Land Economics from Cambridge; J.D. magna cum laude from Harvard Law School; "Ahistorical Indians and Reservation Resources," elawreview.org/2012/02/ahistorical-indians-and-reservation-resources/) Natural resource exploitation on reservations is antithetical to the stereotype of Indians as environmental stewards
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Robert Cooter and Wolfgang Fikentscher, because it is "misleading."~[206~] |
| 306 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: WSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: UNT MQ | Judge:
Neoliberal nuclear industry officials control the aff’s rhetoric to recast nuclear power’s inherent problems as "accidents." Only re-framing our relation to the industry allows us to prevent inevitable ecological disaster
Zehner, ’12
Ozzie Zehner, visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, and serves as the editor of Critical Environmentalism, "Nuclear power’s unsettled future: a year after the Fukushima Daiichi disaster in Japan, prospects for the nuclear power industry worldwide are far from certain," The Futurist. 46.2 (March-April 2012): p17, JT
*"rusty hinges" refers to traditional problems with NP, like risk of prolif and meltdowns
Nuclear industry officials regularly accuse their critics of unfairly brandishing the showmanship of disaster as
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those same rusty hinges upon which the nuclear establishment has swung for decades. This drive for infinite expansion on a finite world makes nuclear war and planetary collapse inevitable
John B. Foster, Prof. Oregon Univ. Dept of Sociology, ’5, Monthly Review, "Naked Imperialism," http://www.monthlyreview.org/0905jbf.htm-http://www.monthlyreview.org/0905jbf.htm From the longer view offered by a historical-materialist critique of capitalism, the
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foreshadow what is potentially the most dangerous period in the history of imperialism. The alternative is to vote negative to reject their imposition of neoliberalism into the debate space – that’s essential to challenge hegemonic epistemologies
Giroux ’6
(Henry A. Giroux, 11-2-06, Cultural Studies in Dark Times: Public Pedagogy and the Challenge of Neoliberalism, http://firgoa.usc.es/drupal/node/25904-http://firgoa.usc.es/drupal/node/25904 As collective agents recede under neoliberalism, market forces incessantly attempt to privatize or commercialize
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and power constitutes a new site of politics, pedagogy, and resistance. |
| 529 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: WSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: UNT MQ | Judge: Cooling now – history and trends
Carlin 11
Alan Carlin, PhD in Economics, former Director @ EPA and fellow @ RAND, 3-2011, " A Multidisciplinary, Science-Based Approach to the Economics of Climate Change," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 8
On the contrary, the evidence is that during interglacial periods over the last 3 million years the risks are on the temperature downside, not the upside. As we approach the point where the Holocene has reached the historical age when a new ice age has repeatedly started in past glacial cycles, this appears likely to be the only CAGW effect that mankind should currently reasonably be concerned about.
Earth is currently in an interglacial period quite similar to others before and after each
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civilization in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere—not global warming. No offense – co2 inevitable – exhalations
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 74-75)
It is surprising that politicians could have been so unwise as to agree on policies
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that harms the Earth; the people’s footprint is larger and more deadly. Warming is slowing because of sulfur aerosols.
uk/journalists/louise-gray/, 11/26/10. Environment Correspondent for the Telegraph. "Global warming has slowed because of pollution," The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/8159991/Global-warming-has-slowed-because-of-pollution.html.
The latest figures from more than 20 scientific institutions around the world show that global
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," she said. "Aerosols cool the climate by reflecting the sunlight."
But they cause faster warming – large emission reductions remove sulfate aerosols which cool the Earth
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 55-56 In 2004, two IPCC contributors, Peter Cox and Meinrat Andreae, raised the
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"We live in a fool’s climate and are damned whatever we do." We’ll win on timeframe – causes warming spikes faster than CO2 can solve
Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer, and Elmar Kriegler, June 12. Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research, Germany. "The role of aerosol emission and control for achieving ambitious climate protection targets," iew2012.odandbrown.co.uk/files/2012/06/Strefler.pdf. kk More than 100 countries have adopted the goal to limit temperature change to two¶
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However they used simple illustrative emission¶ scenarios for CO2 and air pollutants. No impact to biodiversity
Sagoff 97
Mark, Senior Research Scholar – Institute for Philosophy and Public policy in School of Public Affairs – U. Maryland, William and Mary Law Review, "Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law Symposium Defining Takings: Private Property And The Future Of Government Regulation: Muddle Or Muddle Through? Takings Jurisprudence Meets The Endangered Species Act", 38 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 825, March, L/N Although one may agree with ecologists such as Ehrlich and Raven that the earth stands
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above a certain level, increasing biodiversity is likely to make little difference." Alt causes to fish and plankton collapse and recovery from existing damage would take a million years
All Africa, 2/26/08
"Nigeria: raises alarm over looming global fisheries collapse" allafrica.com A deadly combination of climate change, over-fishing and pollution could cause the
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, and by 2100 could prevent mollusks in some seas from forming shells. Invasive species destroy solvency
Pew Oceans Commision ’3
Report to the Nation: Recommendations for a New Ocean Policy. May 2003. "America’s Living Oceans: Charting A Course for Sea Change". Leon E. Paneeta, Chair. Online Invasive species—non-native species whose introduction harms or is likely to harm
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the U.S. each year (Pimentel et al., 1999). Fishing and other fishing practices cause loss of marine biodiversity.
Pew Oceans Commision ’3
Report to the Nation: Recommendations for a New Ocean Policy. May 2003. "America’s Living Oceans: Charting A Course for Sea Change". Leon E. Paneeta, Chair. Online
In addition to overfishing, wasteful bycatch, the destruction of fish habitat, and
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depend on the very biodiversity and ecosystem productivity that unsustainable fishing practices threaten. Disease spread was common during the Little Ice Age – public health outweighs climate
Kuennen 4
(Tom, http://www.expresswaysonline.com/expwys/diseases.html, Expressways) "Some scientists fear the effects ~[of global warming~] will be disastrous in
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deal with the realities of malaria transmission, rather than on the weather." Disease spread double bind – their cards are too good. If they’re true, nothing could stop such killer diseases and the plan doesn’t solve because it fails to eradicate disease in entirety or the diseases won’t spread and there’s zero risk of a pandemic No extinction – they either burn out or don’t spread
Posner 05
(Richard A, judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, and senior lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School, Winter. "Catastrophe: the dozen most significant catastrophic risks and what we can do about them." http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_kmske/is_3_11/ai_n29167514/pg_2?tag=content;col1) Yet the fact that Homo sapiens has managed to survive every disease to assail it
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lesson of the AIDS pandemic. And there is always a lust time. New incentives for SMR’s fail – lack of infrastructure and government intervention fails
Spencer and Loris, 11
Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation (Jack and Nicolas, 2/2. "A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?" http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors)
While some designs are closer to market introduction than others, the fact is that
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cost and risk of a more mature technology that already dominates the marketplace. Long timeframe to deployment
ITA, 11
International Trade Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce, February. Manufacturing and Services Competitiveness Report. "The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors." http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf) Although SMRs have significant potential and the market for their deployment is growing, their
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in 1994, plans to submit its PRISM design for certification in 2012. Decade before adoption
St. Louis Post-Dispatch ’12
~[Jeffrey Tomich, http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html-http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html~] For all the hype, small reactors are still at least a decade away.
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," Klein said. "We’re going to have to see some built." Proliferation risk with SMRs – enables countries with high prolif risk to get nuclear energy
Moor 12
(Mr. Phillip O. Moor P.E., Consultant in nuclear technology, licensing, and business structuring and former Director of Project Management at GPU Nuclear, Chair of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) President’s Special Committee on SMR Licensing Issues, "Small Modular Reactor Panel Discussion Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee", Summary Prepared by Derek Updegraff, Rebecca Lordan, Pierce Corden Dirksen-‐366 May 9, 2012, http://cstsp.aaas.org/files/SummaryFinalSMR.pdf) Moor also discussed one of the downsides of SMRs: The O%26M costs
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remove spent SMR fuel for disposal or reprocessing outside the country of concern. Extinction
Victor Utgoff, ’2
Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis, Survival, Fall, 2002, p. 87-90 In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out
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a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations. Energy is the barrier to US space weapons – only US SMR commercialization ensures that the Air Force deploys a space laser
Mark T. Maybury 1/31/12
(Ph.D., USAF Chief Scientist; "Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy S%26T Vision 2011-2026," http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf)
Space is the "ultimate high ground", providing access to every part of the
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decrease in size, their ¶ utility on board space based assets increases. Only scenario for Russian launch-on-warning nuclear war that draws in China
Alexei Arbatov 11
(Head of the Center for International Security Center of the Institute for International Economy and International Relationships of the Russian Academy of Sciences, former consultant to the Russian Ministry for Foreign Affairs; "Russian Perspectives on Spacepower," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf)
*LOW = launch-on-warning Hence, Russia has a heavy and growing reliance on the LOW concept and early
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negative view of development and deployment of space ¶ weapons of any kind ( deployed in space or designed for attacking space objects). In ¶ contrast to the
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¶ expensive, Russia may eventually go for space weapons of its own. War is always possible – statements of lasting peace have never been correct – Mandelbaum’s exception of Russia and China undermine their entire argument*
Donald Kagan is Hilihouse Professor of History and Classics at Yale University "Is Major War Obsolete? An Exchange" Survival, vol. 41, no. 2, Summer 1999, pp. 139—52
I agree that the present moment in history provides a better chance than ever for
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course, within a year, France and England were at war, and 20 years or so of terrible, dreadful conflict followed. In 1848,
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quite enough — it seems to me that his entire thesis is undermined. This period if peace is overstated – war and conflict shapes global relations and its occurrence cannot be guaranteed against.
Charles F. Doran is Andrew W. Mellon Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, Washington DC, "Is Major War Obsolete? An Exchange" Survival, vol. 41, no. 2, Summer 1999, pp. 139—52
If major war is obsolete, then we are witnessing a revolution equivalent in importance
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of major war would be to say that the probability is virtually zero. |
| 530 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: WSU | Round: 7 | Opponent: KU BM | Judge: Text: The United States Federal Government should ban carbon storage at Yellowstone National Park. Heg decline inevitable and peaceful multiple warrants– attempting to sustain incites escalatory wars and flips the aff
Quinn 11
Adam, Lecturer in International Studies. Adam Quinn, University of Birmingham (July 1, 2011, "The Art of Declining Politely," International Affairs Volume 87, Issue 4)
As noted in the opening passages of this article, the narratives of America’s decline
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seems it is fortunate enough to have a president who fits the bill.
US debt will kill hegemony
Khalilzad, 2011
former director of planning at the Defense Department ~[Zalmay February 8, 2011 The Economy and National Security Accessed July 29 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?page=1-http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?page=1 The National Review Online~]
If we don’t get our economic house in order, we risk a new era
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These trends could in the long term produce a multi-polar world. Power is shifting to the East – their authors are in denial – this solves what US heg does.
Layne 12 (Christopher Layne, PhD in political science from the University of California at Berkeley, JD from the University of Southern California Law Center, LLM in international law from the University of Virginia Law School, Mary Julia and George R Jordan professor of international affairs at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A%26M University, research fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at the Independent Institute, former associate professor of international studies at the University of Miami, former fellow in the Center for Social Theory and Comparative History at the University of California Los Angeles, former fellow at the CATO Institute, former fellow at the Center for International Studies at the University of Southern California, former MacArthur Foundation fellow in global security, former visiting professor at the Naval Postgraduate School, former research fellow at the Center for Science and International Affairs in the Kennedy School at Harvard University, former member of the professional staff at the Arroyo Center at the California Institute of Technology, former foreign policy analyst for NATO, 4-26-12, "The End of Pax Americana: How Western Decline became Inevitable," http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/the-end-of-pax-americana-how-western-decline-became-inevitable/256388/)
When great powers begin to experience erosion in their global standing, their leaders inevitably
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an intercivilizational power shift. The significance of this development cannot be overemphasized. Heg doesn’t solve war
Christopher Preble (director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute) August 2010 "U.S. Military Power: Preeminence for What Purpose?" http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/u-s-military-power-preeminence-for-what-purpose/
Most in Washington still embraces the notion that America is, and forever will be
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States while the schlubs in fly-over country pick up the tab. Dominance doesn’t equal influence – the US lacks leverage.
Mastanduno 9
(Michael, Professor of Government at Dartmouth, World Politics 61, No. 1, Ebsco,)
During the cold war the United States dictated the terms of adjustment. It derived
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way, but it can no longer count on getting its own way. No US-China war – no Chinese build-up and economic ties
Dyer 9
(Gwynne, Jakarta Post, Mar 29, http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2005/03/12/china-unlikely-engage-military-confrontation.html-http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2005/03/12/china-unlikely-engage-military-confrontation.html)
Given America’s monopoly or huge technological lead in key areas like stealth bombers, aircraft
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build-up and no plausible threat of impending war in East Asia. China won’t attack Taiwan now or ever – your ev is an exaggeration
Eland 2/5/3
Director of Defense Policy Studies at the Cato Institute ~[Ivan, "The China-Taiwan Military Balance: Implications for the United States," No. 74, Cato, http://www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb74.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb74.pdf~] Determining the intentions of countries is difficult, but China has some important incentives to
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use only a small portion of its large, obsolete air force to attack No nuclear attack—North Korean nukes are only for deterrence, retaliation and leverage
CRS Congressional Research Service, Mary Beth Nikitin, analyst in nonproliferation, 12/16/09, "North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons: Technical Issues", http://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34256.pdf-http://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34256.pdf ~{jchen~}
U.S. officials in their threat assessments have described the North Korean nuclear
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opt for increasing the nation’s defense capability including nuclear deterrent in every way."
North has not launched any aggressive wars and missile tests were conducted under provocation
Gavan McCormick, (Prof., Emeritus, Australian National U.), NORTH KOREA: TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING, 2009, 25-26.
Although North Korea is widely regarded as an "outlaw state" and held in
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neither breached any law, and both were carried out under extreme provocation. Iran would never use nuclear weapons
Utgoff ’00
~[Victor, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces and Resources Division of the IDA, "The Specter of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons Proliferation," The Coming Crisis: Nuclear Proliferation, U.S. Interests, and World Order, ed. Utgoff, p. 9 nick~] In Chapter 4, "The National Myth and Strategic Personality of Iran: A
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the survival of the Iranian faithful, to whom it sees itself accountable. Group decisionmaking dynamics prevent Iran aggression
Boroujerdi and Fine, 07
Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle Eastern Studies Program at Syracuse University AND graduate student in International Relations at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University (Mehrzad and Todd, "A NUCLEAR IRAN: THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF A PREEMPTIVE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY: IRANIAN NUCLEAR MIASMA", 57 Syracuse L. Rev. 619, lexis) Even though Ahmadinejad uses foreign policy issues to gain authority, his greatest immediate challenge
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prospect of Iran engaging in a boldly offensive or miscalculated action less realistic. Economic decline doesn’t cause war – empty bellies – war requires wealth that doesn’t exist in an economic downturn
Deudney 91
Hewlett Fellow in Science, Technology, and Society at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Princeton (Daniel, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Ebsco)
Poverty Wars. In a second scenario, declining living standards first cause internal turmoil
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military operations require complex organizational skills, specialized industrial products and surplus wealth. Hydrogen econ is a non-starter, even from wind
ZUBRIN, ’7
Robert Zubrin, an aerospace engineer, is president of Pioneer Astronautics, a research and development firm, WINTER 2007, The New Atlantis, "The Hydrogen Hoax," http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-hydrogen-hoax-http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-hydrogen-hoax, ACC. 8-13-12, JT Taken together, the outrageously high costs of fuel-cell cars and hydrogen fuel
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emissions relative to the alternative of simply putting the power into the grid. Intervening actors obvi solve No pipeline network for carbon storage and no one will invest
Francois Hamon 4/26/12
(writer at EU Energy Policy Blog, ""Green coal": how to scale up Carbon Capture and Storage from power generation?," http://www.energypolicyblog.com/2012/04/26/green-coal-how-to-scale-up-carbon-capture-and-storage-from-power-generation/-http://www.energypolicyblog.com/2012/04/26/green-coal-how-to-scale-up-carbon-capture-and-storage-from-power-generation/) Pipeline transport of CO2 is a well developed technology that has been used for Enhanced
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won’t finance pipeline network if CCS deployment is still at an early stage. Volcanoes won’t cause extinction—too small
Posner 4 (Richard, is an American jurist and legal theorist who is currently a judge on the United States Court of Appeals "CATASTROPHE RISK AND RESPONSE" pg 29, Donnie) Other natural catastrophes besides pandemics and asteroid collisions are of course possible, including a volcanic eruption in Yellowstone National Park that might be a thousand times more powerful than that of of Mount St. Helens—an eruption that had the explosive energy of 24 megatons of TNT, about twice that of the Tunguska asteroid explosion.43 Volcanic eruptions have, however, less cataclysmic potential
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deserves a special weight, an issue I take up in chapter 3. |
| 109 | 02/26/2013 | Tournament: | Round: Lots | Opponent: | Judge: US coal exports to China are low, but downward pressure on domestic demand expands them massively
Bryan Walsh, Senior Editor at TIME, May 31, 2012, "Drawing Battle Lines Over American Coal Exports to Asia," online: http://science.time.com/2012/05/31/drawing-battle-lines-over-american-coal-exports-to-asia/-http://science.time.com/2012/05/31/drawing-battle-lines-over-american-coal-exports-to-asia/
But across the Pacific Ocean, the demand for coal has never been hotter,
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coal at home, it would have a reason to keep mining it. [LINK] US exports lock in expanded Chinese coal capacity which pushes warming over the tipping point – it’s unique because absent US exports, the rising cost of coal will cause a shift to renewables
Thomas M. Power ’12, Research Professor and Professor Emeritus, Department of Economics, University of Montana; Principal, Power Consulting; February 2012, "The Greenhouse Gas Impact of Exporting Coal from the West Coast: An Economic Analysis," http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/Coal-Power-White-Paper.pdf-http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/Coal-Power-White-Paper.pdf The cumulative impact of these coal port proposals on coal consumption in Asia could be
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gas emissions that will also last well into the next half-century. Extinction
Flournoy ’12 – Citing Feng Hsu, PhdD NASA Scientist @ the Goddard Space Flight Center, Don FLournoy, PhD and MA from UT, former Dean of the University College @ Ohio University, former Associate Dean at SUNY and Case Institute of Technology, Former Manager for Unviersity/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, currently Professor of Telecommunications @ Scripps College of Communications, Ohio University, "Solar Power Satellites," January 2012, Springer Briefs in Space Development, p. 10-11 In the Online Journal of Space Communication , Dr. Feng Hsu, a NASA
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simply too high for us to take any chances" (Hsu 2010 ) Availability of SMRs will force coal plants to shut down
Marcus King Et al March11, Associate Director of Research, Associate Research Professor of International Affairs, Elliot School of International Affairs, The George Washington University, with LaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, "Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations," http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf SMRs have potential advantages over larger plants because they provide owners more flexibility in financing
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~[3~]. SMRs would be a viable replacement option for these plants. SMRs only displace coal generation – can’t compete with gas
Jeffrey Tomich ’12 – St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 11/2/12, "Ameren, Westinghouse still waiting for decision on nuclear grant," http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/ameren-westinghouse-still-waiting-for-decision-on-nuclear-grant/article_1b46d35b-eda4-5c15-9b08-b0ed80caf2bf.html Perhaps a bigger question is whether small-scale nuclear can compete economically, particularly in a world of relatively inexpensive natural gas.
While Westinghouse executives say it’s still early to say exactly what the 225 megawatt reactors
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away from coal, which now fuels 80 percent of the state’s electricity. |
| 535 | 02/26/2013 | Tournament: D3 | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge: No Cascading Failures—US has multiple regional grids which are firewalled from one another.
Washington Times 8-1-12
(http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/energy-harnassed/2012/aug/1/can-us-grid-blackout/~%23ixzz2LlGJUF89-http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/energy-harnassed/2012/aug/1/can-us-grid-blackout/) It will take some time to discover the cause of the blackouts in India,
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. Is it likely to happen? No, not likely at all.
Impact is empirically denied—blackouts are common
Lewis and Woolsey 12
(http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/9301-securing-the-nations-power-grid) Large-scale power outages are by no means uncommon in the United States.
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, which has been offline for more than three months. Resiliency and intervening actors solve – no econ or military impact
James Andrew Lewis – senior fellow and director of the Technology and Public Policy Program @ CSIS - March 2010, The Electrical Grid as a Target for Cyber Attack, http://csis.org/files/publication/100322_ElectricalGridAsATargetforCyberAttack.pdf
This conclusion is different from the strategic consequences on a cyber attack on the power
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in aerial bombing: impressive damage is quickly rectified by a determined opponent. No accidental launch
Williscroft 10 gender modified
(Six patrols on the John Marshall as a Sonar Technician, and four on the Von Steuben as an officer – a total of twenty-two submerged months. Navigator and Ops Officer on Ortolan %26 Pigeon – Submarine Rescue %26 Saturation Diving ships. Watch and Diving Officer on Oceanographer and Surveyor. "Accidental Nuclear War" http://www.argee.net/Thrawn%20Rickle/Thrawn%20Rickle%2032.htm)
Is there a realistic chance that we could have a nuclear war by accident?
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missile can be accidentally launched...ever...under any circumstances...period%21 Glasgow et al. 2012 (Nuclear Energy Institute, NUCLEAR EXPORT CONTROLS A Comparative Analysis of National Regimes for the Control of Nuclear Materials, Components and Technology, October, http://www.nei.org/corporatesite/media/filefolder/ExportControlsComparativeAnalysis.pdf) Scope of Items Controlled: The U.S. nuclear export control regime was
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with its Part ¶ 810 regulations for technology associated with the above items. Glasgow et al. 2012 (Nuclear Energy Institute, NUCLEAR EXPORT CONTROLS A Comparative Analysis of National Regimes for the Control of Nuclear Materials, Components and Technology, October, http://www.nei.org/corporatesite/media/filefolder/ExportControlsComparativeAnalysis.pdf) Compared to the nuclear export control regimes of Russia, Japan, ROK and France
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itself that has no parallel in the other countries surveyed in this study. Glasgow et al. 2012 (Nuclear Energy Institute, NUCLEAR EXPORT CONTROLS A Comparative Analysis of National Regimes for the Control of Nuclear Materials, Components and Technology, October, http://www.nei.org/corporatesite/media/filefolder/ExportControlsComparativeAnalysis.pdf)
¶ As the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) has pointed out, in addition
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a ¶ serious disadvantage next to their competitors in the international export market. Even a rapid US-Russia war would end in peace negotiations before nukes were launched – Russian generals concede.
Ivashov ’7
(Colonel General Leonid Ivashov, President of the Academy of Geopolitical Problems. July 2007 "WILL AMERICA FIGHT RUSSIA". Defense and Security, No 78. LN Ivashov: Numerous scenarios and options are possible. Everything may begin as a local
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nuclear arsenals. It will stop the war and put negotiations into motion. No risk of Russia war
Graham, 07 senior advisor on Russia in the US National Security Council staff 2002-2007
Thomas, "Russia in Global Affairs" July - September 2007, The Dialectics of Strength and Weakness An astute historian of Russia, AND long-term relations with Russia.. atw An astute historian of Russia, Martin Malia, wrote several years ago that "
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while laying the basis for more constructive long-term relations with Russia. Multilat fails – to many actors means no consensus
Holmes ’10
~[Kim Holmes, VP, foreign policy and defense studies, Heritage. Frmr Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. While at the State Department, Holmes was responsible for developing policy and coordinating U.S. engagement at the United Nations and 46 other international organizations. Member of the CFR. Frmr adjunct prof of history, Georgetown. PhD in history, Georgetown, Smart Multilateralism and the United Nations, 21 Sept. 2010, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/09/smart-multilateralism-when-and-when-not-to-rely-on-the-united-nations~~]
The need for multilateralism is obvious. Nations share concerns about many problems and issues
AND
positions on an issue have been predetermined in their regional or political groupings. New incentives for SMR’s fail – lack of infrastructure and government intervention fails
Spencer and Loris, 11
Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation (Jack and Nicolas, 2/2. "A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?" http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors)
While some designs are closer to market introduction than others, the fact is that
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cost and risk of a more mature technology that already dominates the marketplace. Decade before adoption
St. Louis Post-Dispatch ’12
~[Jeffrey Tomich, http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html-http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html~] For all the hype, small reactors are still at least a decade away.
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," Klein said. "We’re going to have to see some built." Uranium unsustainable
Zyga, Science Reporter for PhysOrg, quoting analysis by Abbott, Prof. of Electrical Engineering, 2011
~[5/11/11, Lisa, BA in rhetoric from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, known science reporter for PhysOrg, Derek Abbott, Professor of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Adelaide in Australia, "Why nuclear power will never supply the world’s energy needs," PhysOrg, http://phys.org/news/2011-05-nuclear-power-world-energy.html-http://phys.org/news/2011-05-nuclear-power-world-energy.html~] Uranium abundance: At the current rate of uranium consumption with conventional reactors, the
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to be processed would become economically impractical in much less than 30 years. |
| 79 | 02/26/2013 | |
| 536 | 02/26/2013 | Tournament: D3 | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMKC BS | Judge: Placing ontology before ethical action to quell suffering enables mass extermination and produces a flawed ontology
Davidson 89
Arnold I., Critical Inquiry, Vol. 15, No. 2, Winter, pg. 425-426, "Questions concerning Heidegger: Opening the Debate" I understand Levinas’ work to suggest another path to the recovery of the human,
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but dust and ashes; and it is here that questioning must stop. Preferencing ontology is useless – any gateway claims are book-shelving non-sense
Shirky 5
Clay Shirky, teacher of NYU’s graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program, 03/15/05 http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail470.html-http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail470.html I hold a joint appointment at NYU, as an Associate Arts Professor at the Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP) and as a Distinguished Writer in Residence in the Journalism Department. I am also a Fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society, and was the Edward R. Murrow Visiting Lecturer at Harvard’s Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics, and Public Policy in 2010. There are many ways to organize data: labels, lists, categories, taxonomies
AND
arbitrary, because without categories, you can no longer locate individual books.
Psychoanalysis is a non-falsifiable joke – prefer empiricism and specific evidence
Jerry A. Coyne, reviewing FOLLIES OF THE WISE by Frederick Crews, September 6, 2006. http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/025347-2345445,00.html
Laid out in the first four essays, Crews’s brief against Freud is hard to
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politics and religion, we desperately need to heed Crews’s plea for empiricism. Their paradigm is premised on a universal and ahistorical psyche. Their fantasy of total authority arises from a colonial paradigm. Colonized cultures are mined for the so-called primitive psyche
Brickman ’3
~[Celia (Center for Religion and Psychotherapy of Chicago, PhD in Religion and the Human Sciences at the University of Chicago); Aboriginal Populations in the Mind: Race and Primitivity in Psychoanalysis; Columbia University Press; New York; p. 118-119 nick~] But a subjectivity (psychoanalytically conceived of as) emerging through separation and exclusion produces
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of speaking, of being heard, of becoming a subject at all. With them in a position of authority, the analyzed are treated as raw material. They replace material exploitation with psychic exploitation
Brickman ’3
~[Celia (Center for Religion and Psychotherapy of Chicago, PhD in Religion and the Human Sciences at the University of Chicago); Aboriginal Populations in the Mind: Race and Primitivity in Psychoanalysis; Columbia University Press; New York; p. 201-2 nick~] The authority of early anthropologists and psychoanalysis alike had been bolstered by the attempts of
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material, rather than part of the final product, of the investigation. Turn – heterosexism
Rooting ontology in Irigaray’s sexual difference prioritizes heterosexual relationships
Allison Stone, 2K3
~["the sex of nature: A reinterpretation of Irigaray’s metaphysics and political thought" Hypatia 18.3, JT~] A more serious problem with Irigaray’s philosophy is its assignation of metaphysical, ethical,
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, heterosexuality confers greater merit on its practitioners than forms of sexuality can. THIS ENTRENCHES HETEROSEXISM—TURNS THE ALT.
Allison Stone, 2K3
~["the sex of nature: A reinterpretation of Irigaray’s metaphysics and political thought" Hypatia 18.3, JT~]
The paradox of Irigaray’s mature philosophy is that it is precisely that element of it
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difference is sufficiently strong and interesting to deserve this further exploration and reconstruction. Defining the ontologies of others is a form of domination that ignores individual expression
Shirky 2005
Clay, decentralization and technology consultant to Nokia, GBN, the Library of Congress, the Highlands Forum, the Markle Foundation, and the BBC, adjunct professor in NYU’s graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program, has had regular columns in Business 2.0, FEED, OpenP2P.com and ACM Net_Worker, and his writings have appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Harvard Business Review, Wired, Release 1.0, Computerworld, and IEEE Computer, the original Professor of New Media in the Media Studies department at Hunter College, "Ontology is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags", http://www.shirky.com/writings/ontology_overrated.html~~%23the_only_group The mind-reading aspect shows up in conversations about controlled vocabularies. Whenever users
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of expression, and they overestimate loss from the lack of a thesaurus. Turn – transgender
BINARY CONCEPTIONS OF SEXUAL DIFFERENCE EXCLUDE TRANSGENDERED PERSONS – this creates an unending cycle of exclusion and violence.
Danielle Poe, ’10, "Thinking With Irigaray," p. 111, JT For thirty years, Luce Irigaray’s work on sexual difference has been the subject of
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Halberstam 2005)—challenge any conception that sexual difference can be only binary. IRIGARAY RESISTS THE APPLICATION OF HER WORK TOWARD TRANSGENDER PERSONS—STRICT SEXUAL DIFFERENCE IS A NON-STARTER
Danielle Poe, ’10, "Thinking With Irigaray," p. 261, JT For bigamy, the body with which one is born is definitive for developing what
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, even as we acknowledge that Irigaray resists this expansion of her work. Turn – race
Irigaray privileges sexual difference, thus denying the intersecting forces of power through which an articulation of one another is essential
Butler IN 1993 (Judith, she won’t privilege sexual difference, will you?, Bodies That Matter, p. 167-168) A number of theoretical questions have been raised by the effort to think the relationship
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of power by which sexual difference is articulated and assumed? |
| 4 | 02/26/2013 | Tournament: D3 | Round: 6 | Opponent: Houston AJ | Judge:
Substantial decrease is at least 30%
Hantash, 2006
~[Feras, 3/16, Patent Attorneys %26 Engineers Lynch Kneblewski - Sâo Paulo, http://www.freshpatents.com/Method-for-detecting-cystic-fibrosis dt20060316ptan20060057593.php-http://www.freshpatents.com/Method-for-detecting-cystic-fibrosis dt20060316ptan20060057593.php~] ~[0011~] A substantial increase in the amount of a CFTR target segment
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from an identically processed sample from an individual with a wildtype CFTR gene. Violation – the aff is not a substantial reduction – CFIUS approves 99.9% of all transactions
Marchick 7 (David, partner at Covington %26 Burling, where he advises companies on the CFIUS process, "Swinging the Pendulum too Far: An Analysis of the CFIUS Process Post-Dubai Ports World," Jan, http://www.nfap.net/researchactivities/studies/NFAPPolicyBriefCFIUS0107.pdf-http://www.nfap.net/researchactivities/studies/NFAPPolicyBriefCFIUS0107.pdf)
In the 18 years that Exon-Florio has been in force, there have
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a company if a President were to block an acquisition would be substantial. |
| 110 | 02/26/2013 | Tournament: D3 | Round: 6 | Opponent: Houston AJ | Judge:
Growth is gaining momentum but must be strategically preserved – Obama’s political capital is key to stop sequestration and push for phased cuts
Mil Arcega, February 11, 2013. "New Fiscal Threat as Obama Addresses Nation,"
http://www.voanews.com/content/economy-state-union-address/1601543.html-http://www.voanews.com/content/economy-state-union-address/1601543.html Although unemployment remains high, budget expert Stan Collender says the economy is gaining momentum
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is, for now, the biggest drag on the world’s largest economy. Wind tax breaks kill political capital – Solyndra
NYT 12 (Cardwell, Diane, 2012, Jan. 26, "Energy Tax Breaks Proposed, Despite Waning Support for Subsidies," http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/business/energy-environment/clean-energy-projects-face-waning-subsidies.html?pagewanted=all)
But the lobbying by the wind and solar industries comes at a time when there is little enthusiasm for alternative-energy subsidies in Washington. Overall concerns about the deficit are making lawmakers more skeptical about any new tax breaks for business in general. And taxpayer losses of more than half a billion dollars onhtml?inline=nyt-org, a bankrupt maker of solar modules that defaulted on a federal loan, has tarnished the image of renewable power in particular. Growth averts great power nuclear war
Mead 9 ~[Walter Russell, Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, New Republic, February 4, http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8%26p=2~~]
If current market turmoil seriously damaged the performance and prospects of India and China,
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the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight. |
| 537 | 02/26/2013 | Tournament: D3 | Round: 6 | Opponent: Houston AJ | Judge: Cooling now – history and trends
Carlin 11
Alan Carlin, PhD in Economics, former Director @ EPA and fellow @ RAND, 3-2011, " A Multidisciplinary, Science-Based Approach to the Economics of Climate Change," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 8
On the contrary, the evidence is that during interglacial periods over the last 3 million years the risks are on the temperature downside, not the upside. As we approach the point where the Holocene has reached the historical age when a new ice age has repeatedly started in past glacial cycles, this appears likely to be the only CAGW effect that mankind should currently reasonably be concerned about.
Earth is currently in an interglacial period quite similar to others before and after each
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civilization in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere—not global warming. No offense – co2 inevitable – exhalations
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 74-75)
It is surprising that politicians could have been so unwise as to agree on policies
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that harms the Earth; the people’s footprint is larger and more deadly.
Warming is slowing because of sulfur aerosols.
uk/journalists/louise-gray/, 11/26/10. Environment Correspondent for the Telegraph. "Global warming has slowed because of pollution," The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/8159991/Global-warming-has-slowed-because-of-pollution.html.
The latest figures from more than 20 scientific institutions around the world show that global
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," she said. "Aerosols cool the climate by reflecting the sunlight."
But they cause faster warming – large emission reductions remove sulfate aerosols which cool the Earth
Lovelock ’9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 55-56 In 2004, two IPCC contributors, Peter Cox and Meinrat Andreae, raised the
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"We live in a fool’s climate and are damned whatever we do." We’ll win on timeframe – causes warming spikes faster than CO2 can solve
Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer, and Elmar Kriegler, June 12. Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research, Germany. "The role of aerosol emission and control for achieving ambitious climate protection targets," iew2012.odandbrown.co.uk/files/2012/06/Strefler.pdf. kk More than 100 countries have adopted the goal to limit temperature change to two¶
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However they used simple illustrative emission¶ scenarios for CO2 and air pollutants. U.S – China cooperation inevitable – multiple shared interests
Wu Hailong, Ambassador of China to the European Union, 2/27, 2013. "2012: Year of Transition for China-EU Relations," http://www.neurope.eu/blog/2012-important-year-transition-china-eu-relations-http://www.neurope.eu/blog/2012-important-year-transition-china-eu-relations Year 2012 is an important year of transition for China-EU relations. With
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urbanization, new energy, scientific innovation, and high and new technologies. Chinese investment in Europe is already huge and will only get bigger
Kenneth Rapoza, February 1, 2013. "For Chinese Companies, Europe More Welcoming Than America," http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2013/02/01/for-chinese-companies-europe-more-welcoming-than-america/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2013/02/01/for-chinese-companies-europe-more-welcoming-than-america/ When it comes to foreign direct investment (FDI) and the Chinese, Europe
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percent said they were investing in Europe to sell goods back to China. Governmentality is neoliberal and a faulty methodology
Herod 1
(James, "A Stake, Not a Mistake: On Not Seeing the Enemy", October, http://www.jamesherod.info/index.php?sec=paper%26id=9%26print=y%26PHPSESSID=4387a9147ad42723ea101944dd538914, accessed 7-11-09) I spent several years in the early sixties studying Underdevelopment. It was frustrating,
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, and states and governments, they could begin to see another way. You should have done uniqueness updates – golden age now – new data proves neolibealism is making the more stable, equal, and sustainable
Spectator 12/15/12
(UK magazine, "Why 2012 was the best year ever," http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-week/leading-article/8789981/glad-tidings/) It may not feel like it, but 2012 has been the greatest year in
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remembering that, in relative terms, we have peace in our time. CFIUS reviews encourage Chinese energy companies to prudently negotiate the American political climate to avoid backlash
WSJ 12 —- China Foothold in U.S. Energy, 3-6-12, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qnxJVCUg4KgJ:online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204883304577223083067806776.html+%26cd=2%26hl=en%26ct=clnk%26gl=us%26client=firefox-a
China’s new approach to investing in U.S. energy companies suggests it has
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nonoperating interest in an asset and not take the oil and gas home." Ralls proves that Chinese firms are still inexperienced in grappling with the US regulatory environment – Ralls didn’t give CFIUS advance notification
Thaddeus Rogers McBride 12, Sheppard, Mullin, Richter %26 Hampton LLP - Washington Office, "CFIUS Sued by Chinese Investors," September 27, 2012, http://www.martindale.com/international-trade-law/article_Sheppard-Mullin-Richter-Hampton-LLP_1597126.htm In its filing with the District Court, CFIUS noted that Ralls only submitted its
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space relied upon by the U.S. military for training exercises. Failure to effectively negotiate the political climate means Congress and the public will backlash regardless of CFIUS – scuttles deals – empirically proven
MATTHEW R. BYRNE 6, J.D., The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, expected 2007, Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance, OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL, 2006, http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/04/67.4.byrne_.pdf-http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/04/67.4.byrne_.pdf CNOOC’s attempt to acquire Unocal occurred in the summer of 2005. After a much
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bills’ proposed changes to the statute are still mere possibilities, not certainties. Alternate causalities swamp the case —- a handful of other industries will still politicize the CFIUS national security standard
Susan W. Liebeler 93, a former chairman of the U.S rnational Trade Commission, is a partner in the law firm of Irell %26 Manella. William H. Lash III is an assistant professor at St. Louis University School of Law, Exon-Florio: Harbinger of Economic. Inte Nationalism? Regulation, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 1993, www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv16n1/reg16n1d.html
Many members of Congress have pressured CFIUS to use Exon-Florio more widely for
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in the makeup of CFIUS and the way Exon-Florio is administered. No impact
Mark E. Plotkin 6, partner in Covington %26 Burling’s Washington office, chairs the firm’s Electronic Commerce and Information Technology practice, David M. Marchick, leading authority on the Exon-Florio amendment to the Defense Production Act of 1950, and David N. Fagan, associate - Covington %26 Burling, Foreign Investment Laws and National Security: Lessons from Exon-Florio, May, 2006, http://www.cov.com/files/Publication/8fdb961b-d279-4e73-802e-e6de0555af86/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/2696e4d4-1d5f-4c9d-8589-f1b433c93009/oid14563.pdf-http://www.cov.com/files/Publication/8fdb961b-d279-4e73-802e-e6de0555af86/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/2696e4d4-1d5f-4c9d-8589-f1b433c93009/oid14563.pdf
The flexibility in the CFIUS process has produced at least three, related results.
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company in a U.S. defense contractor in the aviation sector. |
| 03/16/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Growth is gaining momentum but must be strategically preserved – Obama’s political capital is key to stop cuts and woo republicans
Cohen 3/11 (Amid Obama charm offensive, tough budget process begins¶ By Tom Cohen, CNN¶ updated 2:00 PM EDT, Mon March 11, 2013 http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/11/politics/obama-congress/)kk
Washington (CNN) — Whether political theater or sincere outreach, President Barack Obama’s
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talking about expenses, talking about entitlements. We have to do that." Energy debates drain capital
Izadi 12
(Elahe, 8-29-12, "Former Sen. Trent Lott, Ex-Rep. Jim Davis Bemoan Partisanship on Energy Issues" http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-election/former-members-bemoan-partisanship-on-energy-issues-20120829, accessed 11-8-12)
In a climate where everything from transportation issues to the farm bill have gotten caught
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a little help to understand how to make Congress work," he added. Failure to stop the cuts kills the Guam base.
Mathews 3/11 (Defense Spending Cuts 2013: Guam Faces Economic Uncertainty as Sequester Lingers, Laura Matthews, March 11 2013 http://www.ibtimes.com/defense-spending-cuts-2013-guam-faces-economic-uncertainty-sequester-lingers-1117424)kk
The U.S. territory of Guam, in the Mariana Islands, is
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federal government, if they affect Guam, will be an unnecessary burden." Guam deterrence solves every war
Kamiya 12 (Matake Kamiya is Professor of International Relations at the National Defense Academy of Japan. He was a main author of the report Strategic Implications of an Ongoing Buildup of the US Bases in Guam for Japan, which the Research Institute for Peace and Security published in 2007, 6/20/12, "The Relocation of US Marines from Okinawa to Guam: Strategic Implications for Japan", http://www.asianz.org.nz/our-work/track-2/opinions-essays/matake-kamiya //-http://www.asianz.org.nz/our-work/track-2/opinions-essays/matake-kamiya //)
How should we assess the impact of the relocation on Japan’s security? The planned
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will enhance the Japanese people’s support of the alliance with the United States. |
| 03/16/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: No solvency – Plan doesn’t fund space smrs, mission to mars, etc. All that is being privatized and funding slashed now – aff burden to prove solvency i/l Colonizing causes health problems
Page 4-8-11
Lewis Page is a writer for the A Register- The A Register ~["Deep=space travel bad for astronauts tickers, say boffins" http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/04/08/deep_space_ticker_risk/~~] Deep-space travel could be bad for the heart, report boffins. This
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of the ships and the preventive health measures used to protect the astronauts. Too expensive – manufacturing prevents solvency
Globus 4-29-11
Al Globus is on the National Space Society Board of Directors- Astrobiology ~["Space Settlement Basics" http://settlement.arc.nasa.gov/Basics/wwwwh.html~~] Space colonization is extraordinarily expensive because launch vehicles are difficult to manufacture and operate.
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1.8 g/cm^3 and is 3% carbon. Space colonies will be reliant on Earth – means it doesn’t prevent total extinction
Globus, 02
(Dr. Ruth Globus, NASA Ames Research Center. "Space Settlements: A Design Study" Chapter 3 - Human Needs In Space. http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/SpaceSettlement/75SummerStudy/Chapt3.html) For communities of 10,000 people there is little hope of achieving self-
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suggest an optimal size well above that of the early settlement in space. Colonization fails – solar rays, lack of oxygen, lack of tech and terraforming failure
Williams, Physics Instructor, Santa Rosa College, 10
(Lynda, Peace Review Journal of Social Justice, The New Arms Race in Outer Space 22.1, "Irrational Dreams of Space Colonization." Spring 2010, http://www.scientainment.com/lwilliams_peacereview.pdf) What do the prospects of colonies or bases on the Moon and Mars offer?
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of humans to perpetuate and sustain the species in any long term manner. Colonization triggers a space race and risks space junk
Williams 10
(Linda, Physics Instructor, Santa Rosa Junior College, Spring, Peace Review Journal of Social Justice, "Irrational Dreams of Space Colonization", http://www.scientainment.com/lwilliams_peacereview.pdf-http://www.scientainment.com/lwilliams_peacereview.pdf) The technological hurdles prohibiting practical space colonization of the Moon and Mars in the near
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into space and a potential environmental disaster and arms race in outer space. Developing a military lead in nanotech causes first strikes
Mark Avram, Research Associate, Center for Superconductivity Research Physics, University of Maryland, Nanotechnology and International Security, 2007, http://www.foresight.org/Conferences/MNT05/Papers/Gubrud/
First strike instability. Even if two sides are evenly matched, high levels of
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of an enemy’s weapons or production base, particularly after a long peace. Nanobots are a scientific impossibility – contrary thoughts ignore basic chemistry and would require a living enzyme
Smalley in 03
~[Rick- University Professor, Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics %26 Astronomy, 1996 Nobel Prize Winner – Chemistry and Engineering News, "Nanotechnology: Drexler and Smalley Make the Case for and Against "Molecular Assemblers’", December 1, Volume 81, Number 48, p. 37-42~]
<You still do not appear to understand the impact of my short piece in
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no such monster as the self-replicating mechanical nanobot of your dreams.> Volcanoes won’t cause extinction—too small
Posner 4 (Richard, is an American jurist and legal theorist who is currently a judge on the United States Court of Appeals "CATASTROPHE RISK AND RESPONSE" pg 29, Donnie) Other natural catastrophes besides pandemics and asteroid collisions are of course possible, including a
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deserves a special weight, an issue I take up in chapter 3. Birth rates and fertility are decreasing – the population will stop rising by 2050.
Rhett A. Butler, founder of www.mongabay.com, 7.6.06, "Saving the world in six ’easy’ steps" http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0706-world.html According to figures released last year by the U.N., global birth rates
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human population is expected to peak around 9.1 billion in 2050. No asteroid impact – too improbable or small to require preparation
Bennett 10
~[James, Eminent Scholar and William P. Snavely Professor of Political Economy and Public Policy at George Mason University, and Director of The John M. Olin Institute for Employment Practice and Policy, "The Chicken Littles of Big Science; or, Here Come the Killer Asteroids%21" THE DOOMSDAY LOBBY 2010, 139-185, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6685-8_6~] The smallest falling bodies, those with diameters under a few meters, are of
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of their diversion. 82 This is exactly what the NEO lobby wants. Your Spencer ev is bad – two reasons
(1) Not conclusive – only says that squo regulatory environment will hinder and gives a few ways to fix it – does NOT make the claim that these changes are enough to cause wide-spread SMR adoption – zero spread-over solvency for their other advantages
(2) Your ev goes neg – the next paragraph says there are multiple other bills and subsidies that are already messing up the SMR market – zero solvency
~~JCCC EV STARTS HERE~~
While some designs are closer to market introduction than others, the fact is that America’s regulatory and policy environment is not sufficient to support a robust expansion of existing nuclear technologies, much less new ones. New reactor designs are difficult to license efficiently, and the lack of a sustainable nuclear waste management policy causes significant risk to private investment.
Many politicians are attempting to mitigate these market challenges by offering subsidies, such as
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years and defer significant research and development costs from industry to the taxpayer.
The problem with this approach is that it ignores the larger systemic problems that create the unstable marketplace to begin with. These systemic problems generally fall into three categories:
Licensing. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is ill prepared to build the
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, which then undermines long-term progress, competition, and innovation.
Nuclear Waste Management. The lack of a sustainable nuclear waste management solution is perhaps
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could contribute greatly to an economically efficient and sustainable nuclear waste management strategy.
~~JCCC EV STOPS HERE~~
Government Intervention. Too many policymakers believe that Washington is equipped to guide the nuclear
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cost and risk of a more mature technology that already dominates the marketplace. Decade before SMR adoption, even post-plan
St. Louis Post-Dispatch ’12
~[Jeffrey Tomich, http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html-http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html~] For all the hype, small reactors are still at least a decade away.
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," Klein said. "We’re going to have to see some built." Your Smith evidence is not an answer – it only says they "will review as many as four small-reactor designs in the next two or three years." Doesn’t say they’ll be market-ready or able to be exported to solve your other advantages
Natural gas competition blocks SMRs
Biello 12
(David, Associate Editor at Scientific American, March 27, "Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power", http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power-http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power) Regardless of how cheap such Small Modular Reactors may allow nuclear to be in future
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.S. nuclear industry advantage—from design to operation to regulation. Streamlining the licensing process is unnecessary and risks increased accidents
Lyman et al, 10
Senior Scientist, Global Security Program, Union of Concerned Scientists (Edwin, with Dr. Thomas B. Cochran, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council; Peter Bradford, Adjunct professor, Vermont Law School, former Commissioner, USNRC; Robert Alvarez, Senior Scholar, Institute for Policy Studies, 6/28. http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/NRCstreamliningletter6-28-2010.pdf) If we’ve learned anything from the BP disaster in the Gulf, it’s that lax
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in very trying circumstances assuring the thorough and timely evaluation of license applications." Extinction
Lendman 11
Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan," http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan) Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused %24100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event. |
