| 1 | 10/15/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Coal - 1AC - UMKC and UKPlan text: The United States Environmental Protection Agency should exempt modified and new coal-fired power plants from Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. The Agency should change the carbon dioxide limit of the New Source Performance Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for modified and new coal-fired power plants to 2,000 pounds per MWh. Adv 1 - economy
- Scen 1 - blackouts (econ collapse, nuke meltdowns)
- Scen 2 - railroads (econ collapse, chemical industry, disease)
Adv 2 - China (South China Sea war, cooperation, prolif, terrorism) Plan text: The United States Environmental Protection Agency should exempt modified and new coal-fired power plants from Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. The Agency should change the carbon dioxide limit of the New Source Performance Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for modified and new coal-fired power plants to 2,000 pounds per MWh. Adv 1 - blackouts (nuke meltdowns)
Adv 2 - railroads (disease, chemical industry)
Adv 3 - China (South China Sea war)
Adv 4 - manufacturing (econ collapse) Plan text: The United States Environmental Protection Agency should exempt modified and new coal-fired power plants from Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. The Agency should change the carbon dioxide limit of the New Source Performance Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for modified and new coal-fired power plants to 2,000 pounds per MWh. Adv 1 - blackouts (nuke meltdowns, new card)
Adv 2 - cement (global warming adaptation/resilience) Plan text: The United States Environmental Protection Agency should exempt modified and new coal-fired power plants from Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. The Agency should change the carbon dioxide limit of the New Source Performance Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for modified and new coal-fired power plants to 2,000 pounds per MWh. Adv 1 - China (South China Sea war)
Adv 2 - blackouts (nuke meltdowns)
Adv 3 - innovation/manufacturing
- Scen 1 - economy (war)
- Scen 2 - quantum cryptography (terrorism) Plan text: The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. Adv 1 - warming
Adv 2 - space (asteroids, nuke busting, heg) Plan text: The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. Adv 1 - warming
Adv 2 - space (Mars colonization, overview effect) Plan text: The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. Space adv. - lunar colonization, climate satellites, overview effect Plan text: The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors in the United States. Space adv. - Mars colonization (deep space colonization, overview effect, method defenses) Plan text: The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors in the United States. Adv 1 - space (asteroids, ambiguity)
Adv 2 - natural gas (economy) Plan text: The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors in the United States. Adv 1 - space (heg, China ASATs)
Adv 2 - ice breakers (Arctic biodiversity) Plan text: The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit should rule that coal-fired power plants are exempt from the New Source Performance Standard for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in both Las Brisas Energy Center LLC v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, et. al. and White Stallion Energy Center, LLC v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, et. al. Adv 1 - EPA trade-off (science diplomacy, disease, Indonesian peatlands, rhino biodiversity)
Adv 2 - blackouts (they're bad, mmk?) |
| 3 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UNLV | Round: All | Opponent: | Judge: The Mercury and Air Toxics Standards forces coal plants into an impossible reduction compliance schedule – destroys reliability of service
James E. McCarthy and Claudia Copeland 8/8/11
(Specialist in Environmental Policy; Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy; CRS, "EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a "Train Wreck" Coming?" http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41914.pdf)
It is difficult to generalize about the timing and system reliability issues. Several utilities
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capital to retire, retrofit and replace coal-fueled power plants.82 It’s the biggest risk for blackouts by forcing quick shutdowns – creates bottlenecks of outages
Forbes 6/12/12
("Big Costs, Illusory Benefits: Why Congress Should Nix The Utility MACT," http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/06/12/big-costs-illusory-benefits-why-congress-should-nix-the-utility-mact/2/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/06/12/big-costs-illusory-benefits-why-congress-should-nix-the-utility-mact/2/) Another downside is a greater risk of blackouts. EPA projects that the Utility MACT
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calls the EPA regulations "the number one risk" to grid reliability. Blackouts cause meltdowns
Dina Cappiello 3/29/11
(Huffington Post contributor, "Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html) These long odds are among the reasons why the United States since the late 1980s
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making it difficult to ascertain water levels and the condition of the core. Extinction
Lendman 11
Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan," http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan) Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused %24100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event. NSPS will shut down almost every coal plant – kills coal state economies
John N. Voyles, Jr. 7/16/12
(Summary for Testimony of John N. Voyles, Jr. On behalf of LG%26E and KU Energy LLC, http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Energy/20120716/HHRG-112-IF03-WState-VoylesJ-20120716.pdf-http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Energy/20120716/HHRG-112-IF03-WState-VoylesJ-20120716.pdf)
While extremely problematic for new facilities, a single standard for all existing or modified
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those units to standards that can only be achieved by combined cycle units. The rails are already feeling the effect – renewed coal transit key
Zieminski %26 Malone 5/18/12
~[Nick Zieminski %26 Scott Malone, Reuters Energy writers, "UPDATE 2-Weak coal shipments weigh on U.S. railroads", Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/18/usa-railroads-idUSL1E8GI3CO20120518, via Google~] - Car shipments up, coal down quatrer-to-date at major railroads
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Norfolk Southern’ s case, which Moorman blamed on the unseasonably warm weather.
Sharp decline in coal traffic is the most probable scenario for freight rail collapse
Eaken et al. ’11
B. Kelly Eakin is senior vice president at Christensen Associates, where ¶ A . Thomas Bozzo, Ma r k E. Me i t z en, and Phi l i p E. Sc hoe c h are ¶ vice presidents.Railroad Performance Under the Staggers Act Deregulation revived the rail freight industry, with most of the gains going to shippers. Regulation | Winter 2010–2011, http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv33n4/regv33n4-6.pdf But the challenges facing the railroad industry go beyond the recent economic downturn. We
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overhead burden on customers, and worsen the financial condition of the railroads. US freight rail collapse kills the chemical industry
Spraggins 9
(H. Barry Spraggins, U Nevada Reno, 2009, "The case for rail transportation of hazardous materials," Journal of Management and Marketing Research, http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09224.pdf-http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09224.pdf) Twenty percent of the nation’s chemicals move by rail. But railroads carry an even
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, the focus should be on the safest method of shipping, rail. Chemical industry key to solve disease mutation
NRC 02
~[National Research Council Committee on Challenges for Chemical Sciences in the 21st century "National Security and Homeland Defense" — P 28.~] Many drugs are produced by either chemical synthesis or biosynthetic processes. Recent advances in
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chemicals or large proteins, can be developed to better target the diseases. Mutations ensure extinction
Yu 9
Victoria Yu, Dartmouth Journal of Undergraduate Science, "Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate", 5-22-09 http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, humans have indeed
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could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10). Extinction is inevitable without the chemical industry – environment, climate, sustainable growth habits, and water
Baum 99
(Rudy M., C%26EN Washington, Chemical and Engineering News, Millennium Special Report, 12-6, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html) Here is the fundamental challenge we face: The world’s growing and aging population must
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mysteries and provide for humanity’s basic and not-so-basic needs. The Pivot to Asia has driven China to an ultimatum – unless the US can show concrete commitment to China’s rise, it will kill cooperation – lack of US support will signal Manila to aggress in the South China Sea – draws in major powers and escalates globally
Xinhua 9/2/12
("U.S. owes China convincing explanation of true intentions of its Asia Pivot policy," http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm-http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm) Since last fall, the Obama administration has been implementing the Pivot policy by expanding
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it is returning to Asia as a peacemaker, instead of a troublemaker. Goes nuclear
Nikkei 95
~[The Nikkei weekly, Developing Asian nations should be allowed a grace period to allow their economies to grow before being subjected to trade liberalization demands, says Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, July 3, 1995, lexis~] Developing Asian nations should be allowed a grace period to allow their economies to grow
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.S., leading to full-scale, even nuclear, war. Coking coal is the backbone of China’s infrastructure but they can’t produce it.
Holmes 11
(Frank, CEO and chief investment officer of US Global Investors, "Coal Use Shines Light on Growth," May 3, http://www.resourceinvestor.com/2011/05/03/coal-use-shines-light-on-growth) Coal powers the Chinese economy. The country is the world’s largest consumer, gobbling
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tons by 2035. This accounts for 94% of Australia’s total exports. China’s coking demand is about to skyrocket
Simons 12
(Craig, fellow at the Alicia Patterson foundation, focusing on China’s energy sector, "Chinese Demand Stokes U.S. Coal Battle," Jan 2, http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/chinese-demand-stokes-us-coal-battle-http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/chinese-demand-stokes-us-coal-battle) Given China’s rapid growth,
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roads and bridges. Indonesia’s coal tax and export ban takes out China’s largest source – creates an energy crisis
Carl Pope 7/19/12
(former chairman of the Sierra Club, "Cheap Coal Is Dead. Long Live Renewables. (Part 1)," http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-19/cheap-coal-is-dead-long-live-renewables-part-1-.html) Indonesia is no longer willing to be the low-cost provider; it sees
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China’s and India’s booming, but still fundamentally poor, economies will double. US can supply if domestic producers are allowed to grow – most sought after coking coal
IBISWorld 7/6/12
(database of economic information and analysis on major US industries, "Coal Mining in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld," http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2012/7/prweb9672360.htm) The Coal Mining industry has reached for the depths over the five years to 2012
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turn, industry firms have scrambled to acquire domestic firms to grow quickly. Plan reverses the regs – otherwise, they’ll drive up prices years in advance and quickly killing the US mining industry
Michael Bastasch 8/1/12
(writer for The Daily Caller, "Coal industry wins court victory amid mine closings," http://dailycaller.com/2012/08/01/coal-industry-wins-court-victory-amid-mine-closings/~~%23ixzz22VYZCEUp) Despite the legal victory, another coal mine shutdowns was reported today and more mineworker
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companies blame EPA regulations for their closings and the downturn in coal demand. Mining capacity will be tight – revival of coal is the only way for the US to fill the demand
Reuters 4/18/12
("ANALYSIS-United States as a top coal exporter is here to stay," http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-18/news/sns-rt-coal-usexportsl6e8fgd2c-20120418_1_exporter-coal-producers-thermal-coal-http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-18/news/sns-rt-coal-usexportsl6e8fgd2c-20120418_1_exporter-coal-producers-thermal-coal) But the long term uptrend of growing demand from Asia, China in particular,
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that put additional pressure on the sea-borne market," he added. Coal is a potential launching pad for signaling US commitment to China’s rise
Gordon and Johnson-Reiser 5/11/12
(Deborah, nonresident senior associate in Carnegie’s Energy and Climate Program, Sabine Johnson-Reiser, Junior Fellow at Carnegie Endowment, "Mapping a U.S.-China Coal Partnership," http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/05/11/mapping-u.s.-china-coal-partnership/apm8) Mapping the common conditions surrounding coal in China and the United States provides opportunities for
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gathering information to manage carbon emissions from major coal export and import nations. The plan is a key signal of supportive cooperation – generates a perception of respect for China’s rise
Cronin 8/27
(2012, Dr. Patrick M. Cronin is Senior Advisor and Senior Director of the Asia-Pacific Security Program at the Center for a New American Security in Washington, D.C. He is also the editor and co-author of Cooperation from Strength: The United States, China and the South China, "Averting Conflict in the South China Sea," http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/averting-conflict-in-the-south-china-sea/) Geostrategic and globalization interests will both persist, forcing an uncomfortable mixture of competition and
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the South China Sea will only be harnessed when there is such cooperation. The plan is key to bolstering investor confidence in new coal plants – they’re only a failed attempt to force green markets into existence
Tom Borelli 6/15/12
(Doctorate in biochemistry from the New York Medical College, Senior Fellow with FreedomWorks, "Obama Fails as Energy Investment Officer- in-Chief," http://townhall.com/columnists/tomborelli/2012/06/15/obama_fails_as_energy_investment_officer_inchief/page/full/-http://townhall.com/columnists/tomborelli/2012/06/15/obama_fails_as_energy_investment_officer_inchief/page/full/) When the EPA issued its proposed rule to limit greenhouse gases from power plants on
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helpless to override the inherent limitations of renewable energy to create a market. Similar regulations empirically prove – this loss of confidence from the MACT destroys millions of jobs in the manufacturing industry
Bernard L. Weinstein Sept 11
(Dr. Weinstein is associate director of the Maguire Energy Institute and an adjunct professor of business economics in the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, "Proposed EPA Power-Sector Air Rules: Weakening Economic Recovery and Putting America’s Most Competitive Manufacturing Industries at Risk," http://pressdocs.cox.smu.edu/maguire/SMU_Utility_MACT_Report.pdf-http://pressdocs.cox.smu.edu/maguire/SMU_Utility_MACT_Report.pdf) However, employment multipliers work in both directions. Should America’s ¶ manufacturers, and
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intensive manufacturing ¶ industries, the coal industry, and electric utilities.21 Coal confidence is the biggest internal link to investor confidence in manufacturing – the regs destroy the backbone of US growth
Bernard L. Weinstein Sept 11
(Dr. Weinstein is associate director of the Maguire Energy Institute and an adjunct professor of business economics in the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, "Proposed EPA Power-Sector Air Rules: Weakening Economic Recovery and Putting America’s Most Competitive Manufacturing Industries at Risk," http://pressdocs.cox.smu.edu/maguire/SMU_Utility_MACT_Report.pdf) The federal government’s flagship energy efficiency program, EnergyStar, put the matter ¶ succinctly
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whether the product ¶ will be supplied from domestic sources or imports."6
~[NOTE: The ~[industrial~] was not me. That was in the card before. mm~] US is key to the global economy
Caploe, 09
(David, PhD in International political economy from Princeton, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," The Straits Times, 8/2/12) IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
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recovery for the foreseeable future, even though other countries must certainly help. Statiticsal studies prove decline causes war
Royal 10 – Director of CTR
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215 Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. Extinction
T.E. Bearden, LTC U.S. Army (Retired), 2000
~["The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly," http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm-http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24~] History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic
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, and perhaps most of the biosphere, at least for many decades. The United States Environmental Protection Agency should exempt modified and new coal-fired power plants from Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. The Agency should change the carbon dioxide limit of the New Source Performance Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for modified and new coal-fired power plants to 2,000 pounds per MWh. Exemption is empirically normal means – 2000 limit solves
Tamar Hallerman 7/20/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "COAL COMPANY HEADS SAY EPA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS WILL DISINCENTIVIZE CCS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/coal-company-heads-say-epa-performance-standards-will-disincentivize-ccs/) During the hearing, the executives also faulted EPA for crafting performance standards that are
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MWh to help provide flexibility during unit startups and shutdowns, he said. Exemption from the MACT is key – it relies on a faulty methodology and cherry-picks data
NCLC 8/3/12
(National Chamber Litigation Center, "WHITE STALLION ENERGY CENTER LLC, ET AL. V. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)," http://www.chamberlitigation.com/white-stallion-energy-center-llc-et-al-v-environmental-protection-agency-epa-http://www.chamberlitigation.com/white-stallion-energy-center-llc-et-al-v-environmental-protection-agency-epa) According to the coalition amicus brief, the EPA’s flawed methodology for setting "Maximum
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the new standards could completely eliminate entire industries, something Congress never intended. The regs won’t solve warming – they’re based on bad science
John N. Voyles, Jr. 7/16/12
(Summary for Testimony of John N. Voyles, Jr. On behalf of LG%26E and KU Energy LLC, http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Energy/20120716/HHRG-112-IF03-WState-VoylesJ-20120716.pdf) The proposed standard of 1,000 lbs CO2/MWH does not take into
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and shutdowns that will pose a substantial challenge in meeting the emissions standard. The MACT is useless – squo plants are upgrading slowly and substantially decreasing emissions
Scott H. Segal 5/24/11
(Energy Reliability Coordinating Council Director, "Statement from ERCC Director Scott H. Segal at a Public Hearing on National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units," http://www.electricreliability.org/statement-ercc-director-scott-h-segal-public-hearing-national-emissions-standards-hazardous-air-poll-http://www.electricreliability.org/statement-ercc-director-scott-h-segal-public-hearing-national-emissions-standards-hazardous-air-poll) For the Agency to undertake a proper MACT analysis does not require any gap in
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EPA on sensible mercury regulations in order to achieve those benefits properly identified. The new plants will be 90% cleaner than the ones they replace
RMCMI 12
(Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute; "Fast Facts About Coal", January 2012, http://www.rmcmi.org/education) Power plants being built today emit 90 percent less pollutants (SO2, NOx,
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mining has been or is being reclaimed to the standards set by law. Prefer our more recent, specific evidence – new advances make extracting and firing coal cleaner and more efficient – tech growth prevents peak coal and allows indefinite expansion
Mark P. Mills 7/1/12
(adjunct fellow of the Manhattan Institute, "Unleashing the North American Energy Colossus: Hydrocarbons Can Fuel Growth and Prosperity," http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/pgi_01.htm-http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/pgi_01.htm) As my colleague Peter Huber and I wrote in our book, The Bottomless Well
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how much the policy dialogue lags behind the new energy-economy reality. |
| 2 | 10/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: All | Opponent: | Judge: The Mercury and Air Toxics Standards forces coal plants into an impossible reduction compliance schedule – destroys reliability of service
James E. McCarthy and Claudia Copeland 8/8/11
(Specialist in Environmental Policy; Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy; CRS, "EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a "Train Wreck" Coming?" http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41914.pdf)
It is difficult to generalize about the timing and system reliability issues. Several utilities
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capital to retire, retrofit and replace coal-fueled power plants.82 It’s the biggest risk for blackouts by forcing quick shutdowns – creates bottlenecks of outages
Forbes 6/12/12
("Big Costs, Illusory Benefits: Why Congress Should Nix The Utility MACT," http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/06/12/big-costs-illusory-benefits-why-congress-should-nix-the-utility-mact/2/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/06/12/big-costs-illusory-benefits-why-congress-should-nix-the-utility-mact/2/) Another downside is a greater risk of blackouts. EPA projects that the Utility MACT
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calls the EPA regulations "the number one risk" to grid reliability. Blackouts collapse the US economy
Nahigian 2008
(Kenneth R. June, 30 2008. "The Smart Alternative: Securing and Strengthening Our Nations Valuable Electrical Grid". The Reform Institute. http://www.reforminstitute.org/uploads/publications/Smart_Grid_Final.pdf-http://www.reforminstitute.org/uploads/publications/Smart_Grid_Final.pdf) The electrical power system in the United States entails over 16,924 electric generating
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economy to a standstill, jeopardize our national security and possibly cost lives. Blackouts cause meltdowns
Dina Cappiello 3/29/11
(Huffington Post contributor, "Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html) These long odds are among the reasons why the United States since the late 1980s
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making it difficult to ascertain water levels and the condition of the core. Meltdowns cause extinction
Lendman 11
Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan," http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan) Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused %24100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event. NSPS will shut down almost every coal plant – kills coal state economies
John N. Voyles, Jr. 7/16/12
(Summary for Testimony of John N. Voyles, Jr. On behalf of LG%26E and KU Energy LLC, http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Energy/20120716/HHRG-112-IF03-WState-VoylesJ-20120716.pdf-http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Energy/20120716/HHRG-112-IF03-WState-VoylesJ-20120716.pdf)
While extremely problematic for new facilities, a single standard for all existing or modified
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those units to standards that can only be achieved by combined cycle units. NSPS 1000 limit de facto bans new coal plants
Tamar Hallerman 7/20/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "COAL COMPANY HEADS SAY EPA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS WILL DISINCENTIVIZE CCS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/coal-company-heads-say-epa-performance-standards-will-disincentivize-ccs/) Proposed in late March under a settlement agreement, EPA’s New Source Performance Standards (
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other low-carbon generation that meet the emissions standard, EPA said. The rails are already feeling the effect – renewed coal transit key
Zieminski %26 Malone 5/18/12
~[Nick Zieminski %26 Scott Malone, Reuters Energy writers, "UPDATE 2-Weak coal shipments weigh on U.S. railroads", Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/18/usa-railroads-idUSL1E8GI3CO20120518, via Google~] - Car shipments up, coal down quatrer-to-date at major railroads
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Norfolk Southern’ s case, which Moorman blamed on the unseasonably warm weather.
Sharp decline in coal traffic is the most probable scenario for freight rail collapse
Eaken et al. ’11
B. Kelly Eakin is senior vice president at Christensen Associates, where ¶ A . Thomas Bozzo, Ma r k E. Me i t z en, and Phi l i p E. Sc hoe c h are ¶ vice presidents.Railroad Performance Under the Staggers Act Deregulation revived the rail freight industry, with most of the gains going to shippers. Regulation | Winter 2010–2011, http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv33n4/regv33n4-6.pdf But the challenges facing the railroad industry go beyond the recent economic downturn. We
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overhead burden on customers, and worsen the financial condition of the railroads. Freight rail industry is the backbone of the economy
Dovell 12
(Elizabeth Dovell, fellow at the CFR, "US Rail Infrastructure," CFR, http://www.cfr.org/united-states/us-rail-infrastructure/p27585) Rail is an essential component of a balanced national transportation (PDF) system and
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limit, which could create congestion problems for slower-running freight trains. US freight rail collapse kills the chemical industry
Spraggins 9
(H. Barry Spraggins, U Nevada Reno, 2009, "The case for rail transportation of hazardous materials," Journal of Management and Marketing Research, http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09224.pdf-http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09224.pdf) Twenty percent of the nation’s chemicals move by rail. But railroads carry an even
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, the focus should be on the safest method of shipping, rail. Chemical industry key to solve disease mutation
NRC 02
~[National Research Council Committee on Challenges for Chemical Sciences in the 21st century "National Security and Homeland Defense" — P 28.~] Many drugs are produced by either chemical synthesis or biosynthetic processes. Recent advances in
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chemicals or large proteins, can be developed to better target the diseases. Mutations ensure extinction
Yu 9
Victoria Yu, Dartmouth Journal of Undergraduate Science, "Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate", 5-22-09 http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, humans have indeed
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could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10). Extinction is inevitable without the chemical industry – environment, climate, sustainable growth habits, and water
Baum 99
(Rudy M., C%26EN Washington, Chemical and Engineering News, Millennium Special Report, 12-6, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html) Here is the fundamental challenge we face: The world’s growing and aging population must
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mysteries and provide for humanity’s basic and not-so-basic needs. Rails produce 70% fewer emissions than trucks
Freight on Rail 12
partnership of the rail freight operators, Rail Freight Group, Network Rail, the transport trade unions and Campaign for Better Transport ("Rail freight is breaking out of its traditional markets into consumer business", Freight On Rail Sustainability Journal, http://www.freightonrail.org.uk/FactsFigures.htm) Rail freight has a key role to play in the low carbon economy as rail
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consumer rail freight growing 7.6% per annum during this period. US is key to the global economy
Caploe, 09
(David, PhD in International political economy from Princeton, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," The Straits Times, 8/2/12) IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
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recovery for the foreseeable future, even though other countries must certainly help. Statiticsal studies prove decline causes war
Royal 10 – Director of CTR
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215 Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. Extinction
T.E. Bearden, LTC U.S. Army (Retired), 2000
~["The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly," http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm-http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24~] History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic
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, and perhaps most of the biosphere, at least for many decades. The new plants will be 90% cleaner than the ones they replace
RMCMI 12
(Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute; "Fast Facts About Coal", January 2012, http://www.rmcmi.org/education) Power plants being built today emit 90 percent less pollutants (SO2, NOx,
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mining has been or is being reclaimed to the standards set by law. Effective management of resources like coal is key to sustainable growth
Sagoff 97
Mark The Atlantic Monthly; June 1997; Do We Consume Too Much; Volume 279, No. 6; pages 80-96. http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/97jun/consume.htm the author of The Economy of the Earth (1988). He does research for the Institute of Philosophy and Public Policy at the University of Maryland. These prudential and economic arguments are not likely to succeed much longer. It is
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efficient than those sold in 1980, saving consumers billions in electric bills. The Pivot to Asia has driven China to an ultimatum – unless the US can show concrete commitment to China’s rise, it will kill cooperation – lack of US support will signal Manila to aggress in the South China Sea – draws in major powers and escalates globally
Xinhua 9/2/12
("U.S. owes China convincing explanation of true intentions of its Asia Pivot policy," http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm-http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm) Since last fall, the Obama administration has been implementing the Pivot policy by expanding
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it is returning to Asia as a peacemaker, instead of a troublemaker. Goes nuclear
Nikkei 95
~[The Nikkei weekly, Developing Asian nations should be allowed a grace period to allow their economies to grow before being subjected to trade liberalization demands, says Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, July 3, 1995, lexis~] Developing Asian nations should be allowed a grace period to allow their economies to grow
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.S., leading to full-scale, even nuclear, war. Coking coal is the backbone of China’s infrastructure but they can’t produce it.
Holmes 11
(Frank, CEO and chief investment officer of US Global Investors, "Coal Use Shines Light on Growth," May 3, http://www.resourceinvestor.com/2011/05/03/coal-use-shines-light-on-growth) Coal powers the Chinese economy. The country is the world’s largest consumer, gobbling
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tons by 2035. This accounts for 94% of Australia’s total exports. China can’t ramp up domestic production – railways are bottlenecked but its seaports have surplus
Tu and Johnson-Reiser 1/16/12
Kevin Jianjun Tu, senior associate in the Carnegie Energy and Climate Program, where he leads Carnegie’s work on China’s energy and climate policies. He is also a nonresident research fellow at the Canadian Industrial Energy End-use Data and Analysis Centre; Sabine Johnson-Reiser, Junior Fellow at Carnegie Endowment; "Understanding China’s Rising Coal Imports," http://carnegieendowment.org/files/china_coal.pdf)
The majority of China’s coal resources are located in the western and northern inland provinces
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coal output but also a sizable amount of coal imports in recent years. China’s coking demand is about to skyrocket
Simons 12
(Craig, fellow at the Alicia Patterson foundation, focusing on China’s energy sector, "Chinese Demand Stokes U.S. Coal Battle," Jan 2, http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/chinese-demand-stokes-us-coal-battle-http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/chinese-demand-stokes-us-coal-battle) Given China’s rapid growth
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cities, roads and bridges.
Indonesia’s coal tax and export ban takes out China’s largest source – creates an energy crisis
Carl Pope 7/19/12
(former chairman of the Sierra Club, "Cheap Coal Is Dead. Long Live Renewables. (Part 1)," http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-19/cheap-coal-is-dead-long-live-renewables-part-1-.html) Indonesia is no longer willing to be the low-cost provider; it sees
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China’s and India’s booming, but still fundamentally poor, economies will double. US can supply if domestic producers are allowed to grow – most sought after coking coal
IBISWorld 7/6/12
(database of economic information and analysis on major US industries, "Coal Mining in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld," http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2012/7/prweb9672360.htm) The Coal Mining industry has reached for the depths over the five years to 2012
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turn, industry firms have scrambled to acquire domestic firms to grow quickly. Plan reverses the regs – otherwise, they’ll drive up prices years in advance and quickly killing the US mining industry
Michael Bastasch 8/1/12
(writer for The Daily Caller, "Coal industry wins court victory amid mine closings," http://dailycaller.com/2012/08/01/coal-industry-wins-court-victory-amid-mine-closings/~~%23ixzz22VYZCEUp) Despite the legal victory, another coal mine shutdowns was reported today and more mineworker
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companies blame EPA regulations for their closings and the downturn in coal demand. Mining capacity will be tight – revival of coal is essential for the US to fill the demand
Reuters 4/18/12
("ANALYSIS-United States as a top coal exporter is here to stay," http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-18/news/sns-rt-coal-usexportsl6e8fgd2c-20120418_1_exporter-coal-producers-thermal-coal-http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-18/news/sns-rt-coal-usexportsl6e8fgd2c-20120418_1_exporter-coal-producers-thermal-coal) But the long term uptrend of growing demand from Asia, China in particular,
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that put additional pressure on the sea-borne market," he added. Coal is a potential launching pad for US-China policy cooperation – it’s a core unifying issue
Gordon and Johnson-Reiser 5/11/12
(Deborah, nonresident senior associate in Carnegie’s Energy and Climate Program, Sabine Johnson-Reiser, Junior Fellow at Carnegie Endowment, "Mapping a U.S.-China Coal Partnership," http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/05/11/mapping-u.s.-china-coal-partnership/apm8) Mapping the common conditions surrounding coal in China and the United States provides opportunities for
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gathering information to manage carbon emissions from major coal export and import nations. Increased coal exports to China creates a uniquely strong collaborative bond
Tu and Johnson-Reiser 1/16/12
Kevin Jianjun Tu, senior associate in the Carnegie Energy and Climate Program, where he leads Carnegie’s work on China’s energy and climate policies. He is also a nonresident research fellow at the Canadian Industrial Energy End-use Data and Analysis Centre; Sabine Johnson-Reiser, Junior Fellow at Carnegie Endowment; "Understanding China’s Rising Coal Imports," http://carnegieendowment.org/files/china_coal.pdf) More broadly, gaining an appreciation for the common conditions that shape Chinese and American
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understanding on the far-reaching policy implications of China’s rising coal imports. Key to solve every global impact.
Cohen 2009 - former U.S. secretary of defense
~[Maurice R. Greenberg is chairman and CEO of C.V. Starr %26 Co., Inc. "Smart Power in U.S.-China Relations," pg online @ http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090309_mcgiffert_uschinasmartpower_web.pdf ef) The evolution of Sino-U.S. relations over the next months,
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U.S.-China partnership, though not inevitable, is indispensable. Prolif causes extinction
Victor Utgoff, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses, May 2002, "Survival", p. Ingenta Second, as the world approaches complete proliferation, the hazards posed by nuclear weapons
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as is the number of nations carrying out hazardous manufacturing and storage activities. Terrorism causes extinction
Alexander 3
(Yonah Alexander, Prof and Director of Inter-University for Terrorism Studies, 2003 (August 27, Terrorism Myths and Realities, Washington Times, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2003/aug/27/20030827-084256-8999r/?page=all-http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2003/aug/27/20030827-084256-8999r/?page=all) Last week’s brutal suicide bombings in Baghdad and Jerusalem have once again illustrated dramatically that
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) with its serious implications concerning national, regional and global security concerns. China’s coal demand is inelastic – more imports won’t increase demand, but will cause smaller countries to shift toward cleaner fuels
Bryan Walsh 5/31/12
(senior editor at TIME, "Drawing Battle Lines Over American Coal Exports to Asia," http://science.time.com/2012/05/31/drawing-battle-lines-over-american-coal-exports-to-asia/~~%23ixzz22bdbqnlI) But that’s only true if U.S. coal adds to Asian coal consumption
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to net out the global impacts against the U.S. impacts." China’s use is inevitable for now and only going up – substituting China’s sulfurous coal with cleaner US coal is the best short-term step
Murray Summer 2011
(David A., staff writer for The Waterways Journal, a trade weekly that covers the inland towing and barge industry, "Global Warming and Federalism," http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/global-warming-and-federalism) As it happens, a global-warming analysis might end up actually supporting the
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points of U.S. energy consumption for many years to come. The United States Environmental Protection Agency should exempt modified and new coal-fired power plants from Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. The Agency should change the carbon dioxide limit of the New Source Performance Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for modified and new coal-fired power plants to 2,000 pounds per MWh. The plan is key to bolstering investor confidence in new coal plants – they’re only a failed attempt to force green markets into existence
Tom Borelli 6/15/12
(Doctorate in biochemistry from the New York Medical College, Senior Fellow with FreedomWorks, "Obama Fails as Energy Investment Officer- in-Chief," http://townhall.com/columnists/tomborelli/2012/06/15/obama_fails_as_energy_investment_officer_inchief/page/full/-http://townhall.com/columnists/tomborelli/2012/06/15/obama_fails_as_energy_investment_officer_inchief/page/full/) When the EPA issued its proposed rule to limit greenhouse gases from power plants on
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helpless to override the inherent limitations of renewable energy to create a market. Exemption is empirically normal means – 2000 limit solves
Tamar Hallerman 7/20/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "COAL COMPANY HEADS SAY EPA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS WILL DISINCENTIVIZE CCS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/coal-company-heads-say-epa-performance-standards-will-disincentivize-ccs/) During the hearing, the executives also faulted EPA for crafting performance standards that are
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MWh to help provide flexibility during unit startups and shutdowns, he said. Exemption from the MACT is key – it relies on a faulty methodology – cherry-picks data and uses faulty analysis
NCLC 8/3/12
(National Chamber Litigation Center, "WHITE STALLION ENERGY CENTER LLC, ET AL. V. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)," http://www.chamberlitigation.com/white-stallion-energy-center-llc-et-al-v-environmental-protection-agency-epa-http://www.chamberlitigation.com/white-stallion-energy-center-llc-et-al-v-environmental-protection-agency-epa) According to the coalition amicus brief, the EPA’s flawed methodology for setting "Maximum
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the new standards could completely eliminate entire industries, something Congress never intended. The MACT is useless – squo plants are upgrading slowly and substantially decreasing emissions
Scott H. Segal 5/24/11
(Energy Reliability Coordinating Council Director, "Statement from ERCC Director Scott H. Segal at a Public Hearing on National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units," http://www.electricreliability.org/statement-ercc-director-scott-h-segal-public-hearing-national-emissions-standards-hazardous-air-poll-http://www.electricreliability.org/statement-ercc-director-scott-h-segal-public-hearing-national-emissions-standards-hazardous-air-poll) For the Agency to undertake a proper MACT analysis does not require any gap in
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EPA on sensible mercury regulations in order to achieve those benefits properly identified. The regs won’t solve warming – they’re based on bad science
John N. Voyles, Jr. 7/16/12
(Summary for Testimony of John N. Voyles, Jr. On behalf of LG%26E and KU Energy LLC, http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Energy/20120716/HHRG-112-IF03-WState-VoylesJ-20120716.pdf) The proposed standard of 1,000 lbs CO2/MWH does not take into
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and shutdowns that will pose a substantial challenge in meeting the emissions standard. |
| 20 | 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Chinese domestic production kills biodiversity – overseas imports solve
Tu and Johnson-Reiser 1/16/12
Kevin Jianjun Tu, senior associate in the Carnegie Energy and Climate Program, where he leads Carnegie’s work on China’s energy and climate policies. He is also a nonresident research fellow at the Canadian Industrial Energy End-use Data and Analysis Centre; Sabine Johnson-Reiser, Junior Fellow at Carnegie Endowment; "Understanding China’s Rising Coal Imports," http://carnegieendowment.org/files/china_coal.pdf) There is a vast amount of literature on local environmental degradation associated with coal mining
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been difficult for the central government to regulate in an environmentally responsible fashion.
Biodiversity loss snowballs – extinction
Daily Nexus 5/22/12
(Sruthi Nair, "Decline in Bio-diversity may lead to mass extinction" http://www.dailynexus.com/2012-05-22/decline-biodiversity-lead-mass-extinction/-http://www.dailynexus.com/2012-05-22/decline-biodiversity-lead-mass-extinction/) Third-year environmental studies major Alyssa Hall said because of the interconnected and complex
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we discover how the beautiful complexity of nature shapes the world around us." |
| 21 | 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Coal industry competitiveness is key to the steel industry
Bernard L. Weinstein Sept 11
(Dr. Weinstein is associate director of the Maguire Energy Institute and an adjunct professor of business economics in the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, "Proposed EPA Power-Sector Air Rules: Weakening Economic Recovery and Putting America’s Most Competitive Manufacturing Industries at Risk," http://pressdocs.cox.smu.edu/maguire/SMU_Utility_MACT_Report.pdf-http://pressdocs.cox.smu.edu/maguire/SMU_Utility_MACT_Report.pdf) Many of America’s most globally competitive industries are energy-intensive. Indeed ¶ four
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manufacturing industries. What’s more, coal ¶ is an abundant domestic resource. The steel industry is key to hegemony.
Andrew Sharkey, III, President and CEO of the American Iron and Steel Institute, February 28, 2002, http://www.steel.org/news/innews/Andy2_28_02.htm Third, it redefines, and brings into sharper focus, the issue of why
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safety infrastructure and U.S. commercial, industrial and institutional buildings. That solves multiple scenarios for extinction
Brzezinski 12
Professor of American Foreign Policy at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, scholar at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and a member of various boards and councils, national security advisor under Jimmy Carter, (Zbigniew, 01/11, "After America", http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=full) For if America falters, the world is unlikely to be dominated by a single
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and ubiquity of American power creates order where there would normally be conflict. |
| 22 | 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Railroads are key to hegemony
Korpanty, 99
(Robert, Military Traffic Management Command Transportation Engineering Agency, Army Logistician, November-December, http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/NovDec99/MS455.htm) Tell any mechanized maneuver commander he has to fight a battle without his Abrams tanks
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a force. The RND Program works to preserve our strategic rail mobility. That solves multiple scenarios for extinction
Brzezinski 12
Professor of American Foreign Policy at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, scholar at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and a member of various boards and councils, national security advisor under Jimmy Carter, (Zbigniew, 01/11, "After America", http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=full) For if America falters, the world is unlikely to be dominated by a single
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and ubiquity of American power creates order where there would normally be conflict. |
| 50 | 11/07/2012 | |
| 100 | 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The GOP base in Ohio has been revitalized – Romney’s beginning a massive push and Obama’s lead is slipping – it’s the key state – prefer our ev that assumes TRENDS
Ken Thomas and Steve Peoples 10/10/12
(reporters at Newser, "Romney making a renewed push in battleground Ohio as statewide poll shows tighter race," http://www.newser.com/article/da1qlktg0/romney-making-a-renewed-push-in-battleground-ohio-as-statewide-poll-shows-tighter-race.html-http://www.newser.com/article/da1qlktg0/romney-making-a-renewed-push-in-battleground-ohio-as-statewide-poll-shows-tighter-race.html) The attention on Ohio came amid signs that Obama’s advantage in Ohio was narrowing.
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on Thursday in Kentucky for the only vice presidential debate of the campaign. Romney’s push can close the gap – giving Obama a lead now locks in an Obama win
Peter Wallsten and Tom Hamburger 9/20/12
("Conservative groups reaching new levels of sophistication in mobilizing voters," http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/decision2012/conservative-groups-reaching-new-levels-of-sophistication-in-mobilizing-voters/2012/09/20/3c3cd8e8-026c-11e2-91e7-2962c74e7738_story.html-http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/decision2012/conservative-groups-reaching-new-levels-of-sophistication-in-mobilizing-voters/2012/09/20/3c3cd8e8-026c-11e2-91e7-2962c74e7738_story.html) Romney’s recent travails have provoked a steady stream of national media coverage about his chances
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and, in a close contest, that could be a significant difference. It will come down to a few thousand coal votes in Ohio, Colorado and Virginia – Romney will use the regs to emotionally distance Obama
John McCormick 8/22/12
("Romney Supportive of Coal Industry He Said ’Kills People’," http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-23/romney-supportive-of-coal-industry-he-once-said-kills-people-.html) Romney, who as Massachusetts governor vowed to close an aging coal-fired power
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who carries those states, Obama’s campaign isn’t yielding on the coal issue. The debate allowed Romney to highlight the regulations as the key issue – they’re becoming Romney’s central strategy to push the UMW away from Obama
Tennille Tracy 10/4/12
(WSJ, "Coal Gets Renewed Focus After Debate," http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443635404578036921990771676.html?mod=googlenews_wsj-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443635404578036921990771676.html?mod=googlenews_wsj) Mitt Romney cheered the coal industry in the presidential debates with his succinct declaration that
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amount of coal used in the U.S., the industry says. Coal regs kill Obama – key issue in swing states
BusinessWire 9/20/12
(ACCCE press release, "New Poll Finds Strong Support for Coal Amongst Democrats in Swing States," http://www.heraldonline.com/2012/09/20/4279705/new-poll-finds-strong-support.html-http://www.heraldonline.com/2012/09/20/4279705/new-poll-finds-strong-support.html) Independent and Democratic-leaning voters in the swing states of Ohio, Pennsylvania and
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communities "like mine" would be negatively impacted if coal plants close. Obama has lost control of swing states via coal – lifting regs key to traditional base turn-out
Jim Ellis 9/10/12
(professional election analyst who has worked in national campaign politics and grassroots issue advocacy since 1978, "Coal: Obama’s Kryptonite," http://www.americanthinker.com/2012/09/coal_obamas_kryptonite.html) In a presidential election that appears headed for a photo finish, it may be
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PA, where coal voters have the opportunity to play their decisive role. The plan is the only way to win the key states – Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia
Feldmann 6/21/12
(Linda, Staff writer for the Christian Science Monitor, "Four gambits Obama could try to boost election prospects," 6/21/12, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/2012/0621/Four-gambits-Obama-could-try-to-boost-election-prospects/Ease-up-on-coal-regulations) Easing up Environmental Protection Agency regulation of coal-fired power plants would not be
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between victory and defeat in Ohio and Virginia, it might be tempting. Link proves the link turn – campaigning to the ’green’ dems distances Obama’s labor dems
Jack Roberts 10/4/12
("Labor vs. environmentalists: Democrats split over coal," http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2012/10/labor_vs_environmentalists_ore.html-http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2012/10/labor_vs_environmentalists_ore.html) If this were simply a conflict between environmentalists and business interests, it would look
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primary last May, and ask how much party loyalty he was shown. Romney is starting a massive push in the coal states – he’ll use the regs to stay in the fight
Tennille Tracy 10/4/12
(WSJ, "Coal Gets Renewed Focus After Debate," http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443635404578036921990771676.html?mod=googlenews_wsj-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443635404578036921990771676.html?mod=googlenews_wsj) The campaigns recently started to step up their focus on coal as an election issue
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government has had an impact in a way that he views as negative." The regs ensure Obama’s coal vote from 2008 stays home on Election Day
Amy Harder 8/9/12
(reports on energy and the environment for National Journal, "Coal Miners’ Union Sits Out Presidential Race," http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/coal-miners-union-sits-out-presidential-race-20120809-http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/coal-miners-union-sits-out-presidential-race-20120809) After giving then-Sen. Barack Obama a full-throttled endorsement in the
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Protection Agency is waging a war on coal with a slew of regulations. Ohio key to re-election
Balz 6/20/12
(Writer for the Washington Post, "Ohio again at center of presidential election," 6/20/12, From the Journal Gazette, http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20120620/NEWS11/306209959/1044/LOCAL08) Mitt Romney’s campaign bus neared the end of a five-day tour of six
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campaigns, gives it once again the special prominence it has had before. The regs will be an Achilles heel for Obama – they’re a massive target for the GOP
Ashlee Smith 7/9/12
(contributor at FreedomWorks, "EPA’s New Source Performance Standard as bad as Utility MACT?," http://www.freedomworks.org/blog/ashleesmith1441/epas-new-source-performance-standard-worse-than-ut-http://www.freedomworks.org/blog/ashleesmith1441/epas-new-source-performance-standard-worse-than-ut) The Carbon Pollution Standard proposal also allows for the exemption of modified coal power plants
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is waiting to include modified facilities as "new" until after November. The GOP is already using them as a key foothold in the battlegrounds
Michael Bastasch 8/16/12
(writer for The Daily Caller, "Coal-powered Republican candidates go to war with EPA in battleground states," http://dailycaller.com/2012/08/16/coal-powered-republican-candidates-go-to-war-with-epa-in-battleground-states/~~%23ixzz24DEqeFhH)
The EPA’s "war on coal" has become a major campaign talking point for
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said Kathy Cosco, communications director for West Virginia Senator Joe Manchin’s campaign. Quick repeal is key – anti-Obama momentum is building
Mining Connection 6/22/12
Mining Connection LLC "U.S. Senate Fails to Overturn EPA’s Utility MACT Rule by Vote of 53-46" http://www.miningconnection.com/mfrs/news/article/u.s._fails_to_overturn_epas_utility_mact_rule_by_vote_of_53-46/ While we were not able to put a stop Utility MACT today, our momentum
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heavy hand of the federal government as it puts them out of business. |
| 101 | 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
The link isn’t zero-sum – renewables require continuous supplementation by coal to be competitive – otherwise it’s not scalable
Tveberg 12
(How Changing from Fossil Fuels to Renewable Energy Might Affect GDP By Gail Tverberg She is especially known for her work with financial issues associated with peak oil. Prior to getting involved with energy issues, Ms. Tverberg worked as an actuarial consultant.| Mon, 30 July 2012 22:51 http://oilprice.com/contributors/Gail-Tverberg/articles)
Can We Really Hold On to the Industrial Age, with Virtually No Fossil Fuel
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a rationing system that handles all of these issues would be nearly impossible. Coal doesn’t kill renewables – US market share is increasing
Hart 2/9/12
(Melanie, Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, San Diego. Her doctoral work focused on China’s environmental regulatory regime and local-level policy enforcement challenges. She studied Chinese at China Foreign Affairs University in Beijing and has a B.A. in international studies from Texas A%26M University, "Shining a Light on U.S.-China Clean Energy Cooperation," http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2012/02/china_us_energy.html) Nonetheless, over the past decade U.S. companies have gotten much better at manufacturing, deploying, and operating renewable energy technologies, and as a result prices are coming down rapidly. As prices decrease renewable energy gains market share and speeds our transition toward a more sustainable energy economy. Global coal use inevitable for decades – even zero US emissions wouldn’t stop warming
Robert Bryce 7/30/12
(senior fellow at the Center for Energy Policy and the Environment at the Manhattan Institute, "Coal is dirty, but essential," http://www.startribune.com/opinion/commentaries/164288676.html?refer=y) But the EPA and the Obama administration know their attack on coal is little more
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obvious that coal will be powering the global economy for decades to come. Fast reduction of coal emissions would trigger rapid warming due to reduced aerosol cooling
N. Chalmers et al, 1,2 E. J. Highwood,1 E. Hawkins,1,2 R. Sutton,1,2 L. J. Wilcox1, 8/21/2012. 1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.; 2NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, U.K. "Aerosol contribution to the rapid warming of 2 near-term climate under RCP 2.6," Manuscript, accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters, www.met.reading.ac.uk/~ed/home/chalmers_etal_2012_accepted.pdf.
*RCP="Representative Concentration Pathways." These are IPCC scenarios designed for use in climate models, that essentially project different scenarios for changes (or lack thereof) in global emissions. RCP2.6 is a scenario of significant emissions reductions. RCP4.5 is the baseline "business as usual" scenario.
*CDNC=cloud droplet number concentration The period during which global mean surface temperature in RCP2.6 is higher than
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simulations by Wigley ~[1991~] and Johns et al. ~[2011~]. No risk of offense – the regs ignore that standard coal emissions are sufficiently decreasing now
Nicolas D. Loris 7/23/12
Herbert and Joyce Morgan Fellow in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. The Assault on Coal and American Consumers http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/the-assault-on-coal-and-american-consumers-http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/the-assault-on-coal-and-american-consumers These costs come with little added environmental benefit. The EPA is ignoring the remarkable
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words, additional regulation is unnecessary because emissions are already at acceptable levels. |
| 200 | 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Debating specific energy POLICIES allows us to bridge the divide between theory and practice – it’s key to mobilize political change against elite control
Wirth, Gray and Podesta 3
The Future of Energy Policy Timothy E. Wirth, C. Boyden Gray,
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Clinton. Volume 82 • Number 4 Foreign Affairs 2003 Council on Foreign Relations A century ago, Lord Selborne, the first lord of the Admiralty, dismissed
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challenges and the interests that can be mobilized for the necessary political change. Focus on proximate causation is key to good scholarship – our epistemology is sufficient and the K isn’t a trump card
Rotter ’2k
(Andrew, Professor of History at Colgate, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review, 105(4), October)
For diplomatic historians, the link between cause and effect is crucial, and this
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Imperialism is not just an attitude. War is not preeminently a discourse. Saving lives when faced with extinction is the most moral act
Kateb 92
George, professor of politics @ Princeton University. "The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture." What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of public policy do
AND - they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)
Always a value to life
Augustine 2k
Keith, "Death and the Meaning of Life" http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/augustine1.html These considerations show that we must create our own meaning for our lives regardless of
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as the value that we find in living and thus would be irrelevant. Ontology does not precede policy
David McClean (philosopher, writer and business consultant, conducted graduate work in philosophy at NYU) 2001 "The cultural left and the limits of social hope" http://www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion%20papers/david_mcclean.htm There is a lot of philosophical prose on the general subject of social justice.
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if we treat policy and reform as more important than Spirit and Utopia. Preventing extinction is a pre-req to ontology
Wapner 3
~[Paul Wapner is associate professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University, DISSENT / Winter 2003~]JFS All attempts to listen to nature are, indeed, social constructions, except one
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-critics must be supporters, in some fashion, of environmental preservation. You can’t tell us what our ontology is – attempting to do so is a form of domination that ignores individual expression
Shirky 2005
Clay, decentralization and technology consultant to Nokia, GBN, the Library of Congress, the Highlands Forum, the Markle Foundation, and the BBC, adjunct professor in NYU’s graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program, has had regular columns in Business 2.0, FEED, OpenP2P.com and ACM Net_Worker, and his writings have appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Harvard Business Review, Wired, Release 1.0, Computerworld, and IEEE Computer, the original Professor of New Media in the Media Studies department at Hunter College, "Ontology is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags", http://www.shirky.com/writings/ontology_overrated.html~~%23the_only_group The mind-reading aspect shows up in conversations about controlled vocabularies. Whenever users
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of expression, and they overestimate loss from the lack of a thesaurus. No impact to reps – material conditions determine disposability – not discursive orientation
Taft-Kaufman 95 Speech prof @ CMU
Jill, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, "Other Ways", p pq The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported
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political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them. |
| 201 | 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Transition makes environmental collapse and coal use inevitable
Jerry W. Sanders 90, Prof. Peace and Conflict Studies, UC, Berkeley ~["Global Ecology and World Economy: Collision Course or Sustainable Future" Bulletin of Peace Proposals Vol. 21 (4) p. 395-401~]
What will be the likely impact of economic stagnation and increasing competition on the environment
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of fallow land a growing danger in many regions of the Third World. Cap is biologically inevitable
Perry ’95
~[Mark, Professor of Economics at University of Michigan Flint and Adjunct Scholar at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, The Freeman, "Why Socialism Failed", Volume 45, Number 6, June, http://www.fee.org/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=4014-http://www.fee.org/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=4014) Socialism is the Big Lie of the twentieth century. While it promised prosperity,
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pays off. We end up losing both our freedom and our security. Capitalism is sustainable
Bainbridge 97
(Alex, Socialist Alliance spokesperson and member of the Left Green Network, "Yes, abundance is sustainable," GREEN LEFT WEEKLY ~%23271, 1997, http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/1997/271/271p13.htm) Ron Guignard (GLW ~%23270) takes issue with my argument that "a
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many people might decide that they did not want their own personal tools. Perm – do the alt – it would include the plan because we’re a negative action against the EPA regs – they link more because they’re a neoliberal regulation based on bureaucratically-controlled epistemology – our rejection is key
ERF 12
~[Environmental Research Foundation, Independent news and resources for grassroots social change, reaches over 20000 people a year, "Risk Assessments vs. Alternatives Assessments: Who get the benefits and who get the risks? Who decides?", http://www.ejnet.org/ej/riskassessment.html, Date Last Modified: 7/12/2012~] This whole notion of a "safe" dose of poison is outdated. Our
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it long enough, it will tell you anything you want to know." Reducing regulations allows cap to solve warming – even if it doesn’t, it’s key to adaptability that solves the impact
Callahan 7
(Gene, adjunct scholar with the Ludwig von Mises Institute, Oct, ~[www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/how-a-free-society-could-solve-global-warming/~] AD: 6-22-11) For these reasons, I believe it is crucial to accept provisionally, for the
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and thus help protect them from those effects, is the free market. |
| 202 | 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Perm – do the plan and all non-exclusive parts of the alt – actualizing the alt requires the ability to say both "yes and no" to the links
Stenstad 6
(Gail, professor in the Department of Philosophy and Humanities at East Tennessee State University, associate editor of Heidegger Studies, and a member of the board of directors of the International Association for Environmental Philosophy. "Transformations Thinking After Heidegger" University of Wisconsin Press. Page(s) 51-52) What Heidegger actually says in "Memorial Address" is that releasement toward things is
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of thinking, all of which have led toward and move within enframing. Managerialism is inevitable but the aff’s impacts are not
Rohkrämer, 05
History and Philosophy professor at Lancaster University (Thomas, How Green Were the Nazis: Martin Heidegger, National Socialism, and Environmentalism, p. 184-5)
Heidegger’s topic was, then, rather common, but the grounding within the framework
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of seeing the world, but we cannot simply step out of it. The climate will inevitably change for 30 years – adaptation is key to solve the impact
Morris et. al. 11
(Daniel F. Morris, Center Fellow, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Molly K. Macauley, Research Director and Senior Fellow; Raymond J. Kopp, Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Richard D. Morgenstern, Senior Fellow; "Reforming institutions and managing extremes U.S. Policy approaches for adapting to a Changing Climate," http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming-%20Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf)
Even if the growth of greenhouse gas emissions were halted tomorrow, the climate system
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science, and applying risk-management methods and ecosystem-based approaches.
Reducing regulations allows good managerialism to solve warming – even if it doesn’t, it’s key to adaptability
Callahan 7
(Gene, adjunct scholar with the Ludwig von Mises Institute, Oct, ~[www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/how-a-free-society-could-solve-global-warming/~] AD: 6-22-11) For these reasons, I believe it is crucial to accept provisionally, for the
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and thus help protect them from those effects, is the free market. PERM do the alt – plan is a negative action against the EPA regs – they link more because they quantify life and structural impacts – the alt would have to include the plan – our rejection is key
ERF 12
~[Environmental Research Foundation, Independent news and resources for grassroots social change, reaches over 20000 people a year, "Risk Assessments vs. Alternatives Assessments: Who get the benefits and who get the risks? Who decides?", http://www.ejnet.org/ej/riskassessment.html-http://www.ejnet.org/ej/riskassessment.html, Date Last Modified: 7/12/2012~] This whole notion of a "safe" dose of poison is outdated. Our
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it long enough, it will tell you anything you want to know." You can’t tell us what our ontology is, and assuming you can is bad managerialism because it overassumes knowledge of the human mind
Shirky 2005
Clay, decentralization and technology consultant to Nokia, GBN, the Library of Congress, the Highlands Forum, the Markle Foundation, and the BBC, adjunct professor in NYU’s graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program, has had regular columns in Business 2.0, FEED, OpenP2P.com and ACM Net_Worker, and his writings have appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Harvard Business Review, Wired, Release 1.0, Computerworld, and IEEE Computer, the original Professor of New Media in the Media Studies department at Hunter College, "Ontology is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags", http://www.shirky.com/writings/ontology_overrated.html~~%23the_only_group The mind-reading aspect shows up in conversations about controlled vocabularies. Whenever users
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of expression, and they overestimate loss from the lack of a thesaurus. No solvency – the alt makes no productive contribution to anything. Without a call for something specific to do, the alt will be coopted by neocons to avoid reflection
O’Sullivan 91
Gerry, University of Pennsylvania, 1991 "Review Essay: Confronting Heidegger," Postmodern Culture, 2.1 - Read in this way, then, Being and Time provided a negative
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by Being and Time than that allowed, or interrogated, by Zimmerman.
Alt doesn’t solve – resistance to the perceived technological dangers of the aff is a technological reaction of enframing
Dreyfus and Spinosa 2003
(Hubert L and Charles, Professors at the University of California, Berkeley and Miami University. "Further Reflections on Heidegger, Technology, and the Everyday." Bulletin of Science, Technology %26 Society, Vol. 23, No. 5, October 2003, 339-349) As his thinking develops, he comes to the surprising and provocative conclusion that focusing
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, can brake or direct the progress of history in the atomic age". The alt is passive in the face of atrocity – it asks us to question instead of act when faced with genocide, racism, or torture – voting aff is key to ethics
Ketels 96
~[Violet. Prof of English @ Temple. "Havel to the Castle%21" The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol 548, No 1. Nov 1996~]JFS Intellectuals can choose their roles, but cannot not choose, nor can we evade
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and may have a lasting effect on the consciousnesses of some among us. The impact is extinction
Ketels 96
~[Violet. Prof of English @ Temple. "Havel to the Castle%21" The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol 548, No 1. Nov 1996~]JFS Characteristically, Havel raises lo-cal experience to universal relevance. "If today’s
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changed from shouting ’Truth will prevail to chanting" Havel to the castle." |
| 4 | 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Georgia GM | Judge: The United States Environmental Protection Agency should exempt modified and new coal-fired power plants from Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. The Agency should change the carbon dioxide limit of the New Source Performance Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for modified and new coal-fired power plants to 2,000 pounds per MWh. The Mercury and Air Toxics Standards forces coal plants into an impossible reduction compliance schedule – destroys reliability of service
James E. McCarthy and Claudia Copeland 8/8/11
(Specialist in Environmental Policy; Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy; CRS, "EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a "Train Wreck" Coming?" http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41914.pdf)
It is difficult to generalize about the timing and system reliability issues. Several utilities
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capital to retire, retrofit and replace coal-fueled power plants.82 It’s the biggest risk for blackouts by forcing quick shutdowns – creates bottlenecks of outages
Forbes 6/12/12
("Big Costs, Illusory Benefits: Why Congress Should Nix The Utility MACT," http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/06/12/big-costs-illusory-benefits-why-congress-should-nix-the-utility-mact/2/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/06/12/big-costs-illusory-benefits-why-congress-should-nix-the-utility-mact/2/) Another downside is a greater risk of blackouts. EPA projects that the Utility MACT
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calls the EPA regulations "the number one risk" to grid reliability. Really, the regs will cause cascading long-term blackouts even if there’s enough baseload power – the EPA didn’t even order a real study of their impact on baseload reliability
Peter Glaser 5/31/12
(partner in the Washington, D.C. office of the law firm of Troutman Sanders LLP; "ADMINISTRATION ENERGY POLICIES; COMMITTEE: HOUSE OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM," LN) Perhaps the most interesting facet of how EPA’s regulations will affect the grid is that
AND
assessment), as suggested in the documents accompanying the Commission’s July 27th letter? Evaluate blackout impacts differently – the massive increase in blackouts absent the plan should frame your decision – they might occur now but, inaction makes it exponentially worse
Ian Dobson Jan 2005
(Power Systems Engineering Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; "Risk analysis of critical loading and blackouts with cascading events," http://buildingairflow.lbl.gov/pdf/dobson-fy04-report.pdf) We now put the issue of power tails in context by discussing other aspects of
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How do we assess and manage the risk of all sizes of blackouts? Blackouts cause meltdowns
Dina Cappiello 3/29/11
(Huffington Post contributor, "Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html) These long odds are among the reasons why the United States since the late 1980s
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making it difficult to ascertain water levels and the condition of the core. Extinction
Lendman 11
Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan," http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan) Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused %24100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event. US cement industry is key to sustainable infrastructure development – they’re shifting to focus on that now, but it requires a robust industry
Christina M. Zweig Aug 11
(writer at ZweigWhite and Structural Engineer, "Concrete industry firmly building the future," http://www.gostructural.com/magazine-article-gostructural.com-8-2011-concrete_industry_firmly_building_the_future-8445.html-http://www.gostructural.com/magazine-article-gostructural.com-8-2011-concrete_industry_firmly_building_the_future-8445.html) Benefits of being "green" ¶ As sustainability becomes an integral part of all
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offered, and how we can learn from each other without duplicating efforts." The Mercury and Air Toxics Standards review is just a show – it will make the act legally bulletproof
Tamar Hallerman 7/27/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "EPA TO RECONSIDER SOME TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF MATS RULE FOR NEW POWER PLANTS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/epa-to-reconsider-some-technical-aspects-of-mats-rule-for-new-power-plants/-http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/epa-to-reconsider-some-technical-aspects-of-mats-rule-for-new-power-plants/?mobileFormat=true) Scott Segal, director of the Electric Reliability Coordinating Council, a group of utilities
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standards for existing sources, and that’s the big deal in the rule." The New Source Performance Standard forces a shift to natural gas that eliminates grid flexibility – the 2000 limit solves
Tamar Hallerman 7/20/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "COAL COMPANY HEADS SAY EPA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS WILL DISINCENTIVIZE CCS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/coal-company-heads-say-epa-performance-standards-will-disincentivize-ccs/) During the hearing, the executives also faulted EPA for crafting performance standards that are
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MWh to help provide flexibility during unit startups and shutdowns, he said. The regs will prevent the US cement industry from supporting infrastructure development
Dominick DalSanto 10/19/12
(contributor to Environmental News Network, "Commentary: U.S. House of Representatives Passes Bill To Weaken EPA Clean Air Rules," http://www.enn.com/pollution/article/43428) Opponents contend the rules will threaten hundreds of thousands of jobs, a sensitive subject
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only place more burdens on the nation’s already stressed state and municipal budgets." Mitigation strategies are insufficient and can’t address existing climate impacts – states and cities are shifting to focus on resilience now and Florida proves it works – capacity to improve infrastructure is key
Michael D. Lemonick 1/12/12
(senior writer at Climate Central, a nonpartisan organization whose mission is to communicate climate science to the public. Prior to joining Climate Central, he was a senior writer at Time magazine, where he covered science and the environment for more than 20 years; "Florida Counties Band Together To Ready for Warming’s Effects," http://e360.yale.edu/feature/florida_counties_band_together_to_prepare_for_effects_of_global_warming/2483/-http://e360.yale.edu/feature/florida_counties_band_together_to_prepare_for_effects_of_global_warming/2483/) If you worry about the looming risk posed by climate change, it’s easy to
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Adams, "as ’good Republicans’ and ’good Democrats.’" The cumulative impact of warming is determined by adaptive capacity, vulnerability and resilience – successful adaptation overcomes insufficient CO2 reduction but de-centralized control is key
Morris et. al. 11
(Daniel F. Morris, Center Fellow, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Molly K. Macauley, Research Director and Senior Fellow; Raymond J. Kopp, Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Richard D. Morgenstern, Senior Fellow; "Reforming institutions and managing extremes U.S. Policy approaches for adapting to a Changing Climate," http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming-%20Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf-http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming- Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf) Embedded within the concept of adaptation are several other important terms. Adaptive capacity refers
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from the adaptation literature that helped inform the research conducted for this study. Specifically, a robust concrete industry is key to infrastructural resiliency by making it less vulnerable – it’s key to ensure localized attempts to adapt to the impacts of climate change are successful
Peng, Lemay, and Hansen Jan/Feb 12
(Tien Peng, Senior Director, Sustainability, Codes and Standards, NRMCA; Lionel Lemay, Senior Vice President, Development, NRMCA; Jon Hansen, Senior Director, National Resources, Mid/Northwest; "Resilience is the new Sustainability: Disasters show the need to build for the future Part 2," http://www.nrmca.org/news/connections/2012/Online_Magazine.pdf-http://www.nrmca.org/news/connections/2012/Online_Magazine.pdf) Concrete’s Contribution to Disaster Resilience¶ Concrete building systems are especially suited to provide resistance
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infrastructure. Disasters are inevitable, but their consequences ¶ need not be. Shifting toward adaptation prevents climate effects that will only increase in magnitude and probability with inaction – mitigation ensures action is too late to prevent extinction
Morris et. al. 11
(Daniel F. Morris, Center Fellow, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Molly K. Macauley, Research Director and Senior Fellow; Raymond J. Kopp, Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Richard D. Morgenstern, Senior Fellow; "Reforming institutions and managing extremes U.S. Policy approaches for adapting to a Changing Climate," http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming-%20Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf-http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming- Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf) - Many climate-related impacts are not new. Effects that already manifest
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new policy approaches to address the probability of extreme and possibly costly events.
Technology is inevitable but the aff’s impacts are not
Kateb 97
professor of politics – Princeton (George, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2267/is_/ai_19952031) But the question arises as to where a genuine principle of limitation on technological endeavor
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least, are not to be cut loose from the highest human aspiration. Exemption from the MACT is key – it relies on a faulty methodology and cherry-picks data
NCLC 8/3/12
(National Chamber Litigation Center, "WHITE STALLION ENERGY CENTER LLC, ET AL. V. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)," http://www.chamberlitigation.com/white-stallion-energy-center-llc-et-al-v-environmental-protection-agency-epa-http://www.chamberlitigation.com/white-stallion-energy-center-llc-et-al-v-environmental-protection-agency-epa) According to the coalition amicus brief, the EPA’s flawed methodology for setting "Maximum
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the new standards could completely eliminate entire industries, something Congress never intended. The regs won’t solve warming – they’re based on bad science
John N. Voyles, Jr. 7/16/12
(Summary for Testimony of John N. Voyles, Jr. On behalf of LG%26E and KU Energy LLC, http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Energy/20120716/HHRG-112-IF03-WState-VoylesJ-20120716.pdf) The proposed standard of 1,000 lbs CO2/MWH does not take into
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and shutdowns that will pose a substantial challenge in meeting the emissions standard. The MACT is useless – squo plants are upgrading slowly and substantially decreasing emissions
Scott H. Segal 5/24/11
(Energy Reliability Coordinating Council Director, "Statement from ERCC Director Scott H. Segal at a Public Hearing on National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units," http://www.electricreliability.org/statement-ercc-director-scott-h-segal-public-hearing-national-emissions-standards-hazardous-air-poll-http://www.electricreliability.org/statement-ercc-director-scott-h-segal-public-hearing-national-emissions-standards-hazardous-air-poll) For the Agency to undertake a proper MACT analysis does not require any gap in
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EPA on sensible mercury regulations in order to achieve those benefits properly identified. The new plants will be 90% cleaner than the ones they replace
RMCMI 12
(Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute; "Fast Facts About Coal", January 2012, http://www.rmcmi.org/education) Power plants being built today emit 90 percent less pollutants (SO2, NOx,
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mining has been or is being reclaimed to the standards set by law. Prefer our more recent, specific evidence – new advances make extracting and firing coal cleaner and more efficient – tech growth prevents peak coal and allows indefinite expansion
Mark P. Mills 7/1/12
(adjunct fellow of the Manhattan Institute, "Unleashing the North American Energy Colossus: Hydrocarbons Can Fuel Growth and Prosperity," http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/pgi_01.htm-http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/pgi_01.htm) As my colleague Peter Huber and I wrote in our book, The Bottomless Well
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how much the policy dialogue lags behind the new energy-economy reality. |
| 5 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Trinity KV | Judge: The Pivot to Asia has driven China to an ultimatum – unless the US can show concrete commitment to China’s rise, this lack of US support will signal Manila to aggress in the South China Sea – draws in major powers and escalates globally
Xinhua 9/2/12
("U.S. owes China convincing explanation of true intentions of its Asia Pivot policy," http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm-http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm) Since last fall, the Obama administration has been implementing the Pivot policy by expanding
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it is returning to Asia as a peacemaker, instead of a troublemaker. Goes nuclear
Nikkei 95
~[The Nikkei weekly, Developing Asian nations should be allowed a grace period to allow their economies to grow before being subjected to trade liberalization demands, says Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, July 3, 1995, lexis~] Developing Asian nations should be allowed a grace period to allow their economies to grow
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.S., leading to full-scale, even nuclear, war. Coking coal is the backbone of China’s infrastructure but they can’t produce it.
Holmes 11
(Frank, CEO and chief investment officer of US Global Investors, "Coal Use Shines Light on Growth," May 3, http://www.resourceinvestor.com/2011/05/03/coal-use-shines-light-on-growth) Coal powers the Chinese economy. The country is the world’s largest consumer, gobbling
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tons by 2035. This accounts for 94% of Australia’s total exports. China’s coking demand is about to skyrocket
Simons 12
(Craig, fellow at the Alicia Patterson foundation, focusing on China’s energy sector, "Chinese Demand Stokes U.S. Coal Battle," Jan 2, http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/chinese-demand-stokes-us-coal-battle-http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/chinese-demand-stokes-us-coal-battle) Given China’s rapid growth, analysts predict its appetite for fossil fuels will continue its steep upward curve: The International Energy Agency predicts China will account for half of global coal demand growth over the next two decades; the World Coal Association, a London-based industry lobby, estimates that Chinese demand for coking coal – high-grade coal used to produce iron – will rise 50 percent as China continues to build new cities, roads and bridges. Indonesia’s coal tax and export ban takes out China’s largest source – creates an energy crisis
Carl Pope 7/19/12
(former chairman of the Sierra Club, "Cheap Coal Is Dead. Long Live Renewables. (Part 1)," http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-19/cheap-coal-is-dead-long-live-renewables-part-1-.html) Indonesia is no longer willing to be the low-cost provider; it sees
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China’s and India’s booming, but still fundamentally poor, economies will double. US can supply if domestic producers are allowed to grow – most sought after coking coal
IBISWorld 7/6/12
(database of economic information and analysis on major US industries, "Coal Mining in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld," http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2012/7/prweb9672360.htm) The Coal Mining industry has reached for the depths over the five years to 2012
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turn, industry firms have scrambled to acquire domestic firms to grow quickly. Plan reverses the regs – otherwise, they’ll drive up prices years in advance and quickly killing the US mining industry
Michael Bastasch 8/1/12
(writer for The Daily Caller, "Coal industry wins court victory amid mine closings," http://dailycaller.com/2012/08/01/coal-industry-wins-court-victory-amid-mine-closings/~~%23ixzz22VYZCEUp) Despite the legal victory, another coal mine shutdowns was reported today and more mineworker
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companies blame EPA regulations for their closings and the downturn in coal demand. Mining capacity for coking will be tight – revival of coal is the only way for the US to fill the demand
Reuters 4/18/12
("ANALYSIS-United States as a top coal exporter is here to stay," http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-18/news/sns-rt-coal-usexportsl6e8fgd2c-20120418_1_exporter-coal-producers-thermal-coal-http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-18/news/sns-rt-coal-usexportsl6e8fgd2c-20120418_1_exporter-coal-producers-thermal-coal) But the long term uptrend of growing demand from Asia, China in particular,
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that put additional pressure on the sea-borne market," he added. The plan’s energy cooperation is a key signal of support that counters perceptions of containment – generates a perception of respect for China’s rise
Cronin 8/27/12
(2012, Dr. Patrick M. Cronin is Senior Advisor and Senior Director of the Asia-Pacific Security Program at the Center for a New American Security in Washington, D.C. He is also the editor and co-author of Cooperation from Strength: The United States, China and the South China, "Averting Conflict in the South China Sea," http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/averting-conflict-in-the-south-china-sea/) Geostrategic and globalization interests will both persist, forcing an uncomfortable mixture of competition and
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the South China Sea will only be harnessed when there is such cooperation. Coal trade is the best potential launching pad for signaling US commitment
Gordon and Johnson-Reiser 5/11/12
(Deborah, nonresident senior associate in Carnegie’s Energy and Climate Program, Sabine Johnson-Reiser, Junior Fellow at Carnegie Endowment, "Mapping a U.S.-China Coal Partnership," http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/05/11/mapping-u.s.-china-coal-partnership/apm8) Mapping the common conditions surrounding coal in China and the United States provides opportunities for
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gathering information to manage carbon emissions from major coal export and import nations. The Mercury and Air Toxics Standards forces coal plants into an impossible reduction compliance schedule – destroys reliability of service
James E. McCarthy and Claudia Copeland 8/8/11
(Specialist in Environmental Policy; Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy; CRS, "EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a "Train Wreck" Coming?" http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41914.pdf)
It is difficult to generalize about the timing and system reliability issues. Several utilities
AND
capital to retire, retrofit and replace coal-fueled power plants.82 It’s the biggest risk for blackouts by forcing quick shutdowns – creates bottlenecks of outages
Forbes 6/12/12
("Big Costs, Illusory Benefits: Why Congress Should Nix The Utility MACT," http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/06/12/big-costs-illusory-benefits-why-congress-should-nix-the-utility-mact/2/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/06/12/big-costs-illusory-benefits-why-congress-should-nix-the-utility-mact/2/) Another downside is a greater risk of blackouts. EPA projects that the Utility MACT
AND
calls the EPA regulations "the number one risk" to grid reliability. Really, the regs will cause cascading long-term blackouts even if there’s enough baseload power – the EPA didn’t even order a real study of their impact on baseload reliability
Peter Glaser 5/31/12
(partner in the Washington, D.C. office of the law firm of Troutman Sanders LLP; "ADMINISTRATION ENERGY POLICIES; COMMITTEE: HOUSE OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM," LN) Perhaps the most interesting facet of how EPA’s regulations will affect the grid is that
AND
assessment), as suggested in the documents accompanying the Commission’s July 27th letter? Evaluate blackout impacts differently – the massive increase in blackouts absent the plan should frame your decision – they might occur now but, inaction makes it exponentially worse
Ian Dobson Jan 2005
(Power Systems Engineering Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; "Risk analysis of critical loading and blackouts with cascading events," http://buildingairflow.lbl.gov/pdf/dobson-fy04-report.pdf) We now put the issue of power tails in context by discussing other aspects of
AND
How do we assess and manage the risk of all sizes of blackouts? Blackouts cause meltdowns
Dina Cappiello 3/29/11
(Huffington Post contributor, "Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html) These long odds are among the reasons why the United States since the late 1980s
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making it difficult to ascertain water levels and the condition of the core. Extinction
Lendman 11
Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan," http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan) Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused %24100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event. The plan is key to bolstering investor confidence in new coal plants – they’re only a failed attempt to force green markets into existence
Tom Borelli 6/15/12
(Doctorate in biochemistry from the New York Medical College, Senior Fellow with FreedomWorks, "Obama Fails as Energy Investment Officer- in-Chief," http://townhall.com/columnists/tomborelli/2012/06/15/obama_fails_as_energy_investment_officer_inchief/page/full/-http://townhall.com/columnists/tomborelli/2012/06/15/obama_fails_as_energy_investment_officer_inchief/page/full/) When the EPA issued its proposed rule to limit greenhouse gases from power plants on
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helpless to override the inherent limitations of renewable energy to create a market. Coal confidence is the biggest internal link to investor confidence in manufacturing – the regs destroy the backbone of US growth
Bernard L. Weinstein Sept 11
(Dr. Weinstein is associate director of the Maguire Energy Institute and an adjunct professor of business economics in the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, "Proposed EPA Power-Sector Air Rules: Weakening Economic Recovery and Putting America’s Most Competitive Manufacturing Industries at Risk," http://pressdocs.cox.smu.edu/maguire/SMU_Utility_MACT_Report.pdf) The federal government’s flagship energy efficiency program, EnergyStar, put the matter ¶ succinctly
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whether the product ¶ will be supplied from domestic sources or imports."6
~[NOTE: The ~[industrial~] was not me. That was in the card before. mm~] US is key to the global economy
Caploe, 09
(David, PhD in International political economy from Princeton, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," The Straits Times, 8/2/12) IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
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recovery for the foreseeable future, even though other countries must certainly help. Statistical studies prove decline causes war
Royal 10 – Director of CTR
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215 Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. Extinction
T.E. Bearden, LTC U.S. Army (Retired), 2000
~["The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly," http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm-http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24~] History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic
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, and perhaps most of the biosphere, at least for many decades. Manufacturing outsourcing guts high-tech R%26D innovation by eliminating the geographical advantages of tight coupling – multiple other industries prove it will put US scientific innovation multiple technology cycles behind – independently ensures US econ and competitiveness collapse
Stephen Ezell and Robert D. Atkinson 4/26/11
(Senior Analyst with the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), with a focus on innovation policy, science and technology policy, international competitiveness, and trade, manufacturing, and services issues; founder and president of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a Washington, DC-based technology policy think tank; "The Case for a National Manufacturing Strategy," http://www.itif.org/publications/case-national-manufacturing-strategy-http://www.itif.org/publications/case-national-manufacturing-strategy) Greg Tassey, Senior Economist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, ¶
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of high-tech products that are crucial to rebuilding its economy."¶ 46 Recent progress has put the quantum cryptography industry on the brink of the next wave of advances – maintaining high-tech innovation is key
IBM 2/28/12
("IBM Research Advances Device Performance for Quantum Computing," http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36901.wss-http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36901.wss) "The superconducting qubit research led by the IBM team has been progressing in a
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the level presently practiced in the development of today’s most sophisticated digital computers. Foreign competitors are rapidly advancing on quantum cryptography now – the US is catching up – we can still gain the high ground
Adam Mann 10/3/12
(Wired reporter and freelance journalist, "The Race to Bring Quantum Teleportation to Your World," http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/10/quantum-satellite-teleportation/all/-http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/10/quantum-satellite-teleportation/all/) Being able to do this quantum satellite teleportation would provide many new advantages, in
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to keep moving if we want to be part of the early game." Maintaining a lead in advances to quantum cryptography is necessary to prevent extinction through terrorism and sharing of all the world’s secrets
Grimes 9/7/10
(http://www.infoworld.com/d/security-central/imagine-world-no-cyber-secrets-421?page=0,0-http://www.infoworld.com/d/security-central/imagine-world-no-cyber-secrets-421?page=0,0, "Imagine a world with no cyber-secrets", accessed 9/8/10, Scott, INFOWORLD)
Some recent news in the realm of quantum cryptography signals that in the not-
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the performance thresholds yet and quantum cryptography solving is still work in progress. The United States Environmental Protection Agency should exempt modified and new coal-fired power plants from Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. The Agency should change the carbon dioxide limit of the New Source Performance Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for modified and new coal-fired power plants to 2,000 pounds per MWh. Exemption is empirically normal means – 2000 limit solves
Tamar Hallerman 7/20/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "COAL COMPANY HEADS SAY EPA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS WILL DISINCENTIVIZE CCS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/coal-company-heads-say-epa-performance-standards-will-disincentivize-ccs/) During the hearing, the executives also faulted EPA for crafting performance standards that are
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MWh to help provide flexibility during unit startups and shutdowns, he said. Exemption from the MACT is key – it relies on a faulty methodology and cherry-picks data
NCLC 8/3/12
(National Chamber Litigation Center, "WHITE STALLION ENERGY CENTER LLC, ET AL. V. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)," http://www.chamberlitigation.com/white-stallion-energy-center-llc-et-al-v-environmental-protection-agency-epa-http://www.chamberlitigation.com/white-stallion-energy-center-llc-et-al-v-environmental-protection-agency-epa) According to the coalition amicus brief, the EPA’s flawed methodology for setting "Maximum
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the new standards could completely eliminate entire industries, something Congress never intended. The regs won’t solve warming – they’re based on bad science
John N. Voyles, Jr. 7/16/12
(Summary for Testimony of John N. Voyles, Jr. On behalf of LG%26E and KU Energy LLC, http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Energy/20120716/HHRG-112-IF03-WState-VoylesJ-20120716.pdf) The proposed standard of 1,000 lbs CO2/MWH does not take into
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and shutdowns that will pose a substantial challenge in meeting the emissions standard. The MACT is useless – squo plants are upgrading slowly and substantially decreasing emissions
Scott H. Segal 5/24/11
(Energy Reliability Coordinating Council Director, "Statement from ERCC Director Scott H. Segal at a Public Hearing on National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units," http://www.electricreliability.org/statement-ercc-director-scott-h-segal-public-hearing-national-emissions-standards-hazardous-air-poll-http://www.electricreliability.org/statement-ercc-director-scott-h-segal-public-hearing-national-emissions-standards-hazardous-air-poll) For the Agency to undertake a proper MACT analysis does not require any gap in
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EPA on sensible mercury regulations in order to achieve those benefits properly identified. The new plants will be 90% cleaner than the ones they replace
RMCMI 12
(Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute; "Fast Facts About Coal", January 2012, http://www.rmcmi.org/education) Power plants being built today emit 90 percent less pollutants (SO2, NOx,
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mining has been or is being reclaimed to the standards set by law. Prefer our more recent, specific evidence – new advances make extracting and firing coal cleaner and more efficient – tech growth prevents peak coal and allows indefinite expansion
Mark P. Mills 7/1/12
(adjunct fellow of the Manhattan Institute, "Unleashing the North American Energy Colossus: Hydrocarbons Can Fuel Growth and Prosperity," http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/pgi_01.htm-http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/pgi_01.htm) As my colleague Peter Huber and I wrote in our book, The Bottomless Well
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how much the policy dialogue lags behind the new energy-economy reality. |
| 102 | 11/13/2012 | Tournament: Lots | Round: Lots | Opponent: | Judge: Fiscal cliff will inevitably pass – extending an olive branch to the GOP is key to make it effective
Adam Shell 11/8/12
(USA Today reporter, "5 things Obama must do to please Wall Street," http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2012/11/07/stocks-wall-street-obama-fiscal-cliff/1689853/) - Get a fiscal cliff deal done. Failure to broker a deal means
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the U.S. economy on a sustainable path, adds Praveen.
The plan and other EPA regs are creating Congressional backlash against Obama now
James Inhofe 11/7/12
(Senator, ranking member of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee; "CONGRESS MUST BE READY TO STOP OBAMA’S SECOND TERM REGULATORY BARRAGE," http://www.humanevents.com/2012/11/07/inhofe-congress-must-be-ready-to-stop-obamas-second-term-regulatory-barrage/-http://www.humanevents.com/2012/11/07/inhofe-congress-must-be-ready-to-stop-obamas-second-term-regulatory-barrage/) The Obama campaign knew early on in the race that President Obama’s first term green
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, essentially placing a construction ban throughout hard hit regions of the country. The plan will be used as a horse-trade to overcome GOP obstructionism and avert the fiscal cliff – the link is one-directional
Tristan R. Brown 11/8/12
(contributor at SeekingAlpha, lawyer specializing in biorenewable pathways; "Don’t Expect The EPA To Finish Off Thermal Coal," http://seekingalpha.com/article/990181-don-t-expect-the-epa-to-finish-off-thermal-coal) There’s one final point that people forget when they forecast doom for the coal industry
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refused to play ball on cap-and-trade back in 2009. Zero risk of opposition – it’d be seen as killing jobs
Jim Huffman 8/2/12
(law professor at Lewis And Clark Law School, "Coal dust is the new spotted owl," http://dailycaller.com/2012/08/02/coal-dust-is-the-new-spotted-owl/-http://dailycaller.com/2012/08/02/coal-dust-is-the-new-spotted-owl/) And so it is with the vast reserves of clean coal in
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and Wyoming, there are few legislators willing to risk their seats to such job-killing action.
Unions and powerful lobbies support the plan
Inhofe 6/19/12
James Inhofe US Senator "Mercury rule at center of the war on coal" http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/19/opinion/inhofe-overturn-epa-mercury-standards/index.html Labor, too, has come out to stop the job-killing over-
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are apparently not "doing fine" in the face of EPA’s regulations. |
| 300 | 01/07/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Warming is real, anthropogenic, and by far the largest risk of extinction
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2") Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Current emission trend is unsustainable – must begin cuts by 2020 to prevent the worst impacts
Antholis and Talbott 10 – Director and President @ Brookings
William Antholis, managing director of the Brookings Institution and a senior fellow in Governance Studies, former director of studies at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and Strobe Talbott, president of the Brookings Institution, deputy Sec. of State under Clinton, "The Global Warming Tipping Point," The Globalist, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523-http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523 Moreover, we need to start reductions now in order to slow temperature rise later
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not burn fossil fuels and therefore do not pump CO2 into the atmosphere. Electricity sector is the key driver of global warming
Felix Mormann 11
(Fellow at the Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance at Stanford Law School, Ecology Law Quarterly, Vol. 38:903, "Requirements for a Renewables Revolution," http://www.boalt.org/elq/documents/elq38_4_03_2012_0808.pdf) Renewable sources of energy are relevant not only to electricity generation ¶ but also to
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if current ¶ efforts in climate change mitigation are to be successful.¶ 36 SMRs are uniquely key to global momentum – plan’s demonstration solves feasibility and global emissions reductions – no other showstoppers
Ted Nordhaus, Jessica Lovering, and Michael Shellenberger 9/7/12
(* and policy analysts, chairpersons, and president of the Breakthrough Institute, a public policy think tank and research organization; * policy analyst in the Energy and Climate program at Breakthrough; "New Nukes Why We Need Radical Innovation to Make New Nuclear Energy Cheap," http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/new-nukes/) Not long after a tsunami washed over Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plants in March 2011
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than developing the nuclear technologies we will need to get that job done. Absent military procurement SMRs will not come to market
Armond Cohen 12
(Executive Director of the Clean Air Task Force, "DoD: A Model for Energy Innovation?" http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~%232211477) Recently, the Clean Air Task Force and our colleagues at The Consortium for Science
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innovation DNA" needs to be replicated or adapted to meet the challenge. DoD SMRs are key dual-use tech – solves space lasers
Mark T. Maybury 1/31/12
(Ph.D., USAF Chief Scientist; "Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy S%26T Vision 2011-2026," http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf)
Space is the "ultimate high ground", providing access to every part of the
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decrease in size, their ¶ utility on board space based assets increases. DoD key – lower entry cost and they have the expertise – only way to ensure mission effectiveness
James R. Downey, Anthony M. Forestier, and David E. Miller Apr 4
(*Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force; * Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; "Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space," http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a425874.pdf)
*SNP = space nuclear power Agencies such as DOD may soon be proposing nuclear power to support national security ¶
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at all rather than risking a military mission with fissile material in orbit. We’ll pre-empt the confusion – they’re the same technology – no sleight of hand here
Leonard David 2/22/12
(Has reported on the space industry for more than five decades, winner of National Space Club Press Award and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society’s Ad Astra and Space World magazines; writer for SPACE.com since 1999; "Air Force Eyes Nuclear Reactors, Beamed Power for Spacecraft," http://www.space.com/14643-air-force-space-nuclear-reactors-power-beaming.html) Work on small modular nuclear reactors on Earth is highlighted in the Air Force report
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systems, a view previously recommended by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. Solves asteroids – key to detect and deflect – the squo will use nuclear busting
Asian News International 3/20/7
("Lightweight lasers can eliminate Earth-striking asteroids," http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/world/20070320/618874.html)
Researchers at the University of Alabama in Huntsville have claimed that a lightweight, space
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, pushing it into a different orbit - and safely away rom Earth.
Nuke busting causes fragmentation, oxygen depletion and extinction
Verschurr ’96
(Gerrit, org/wiki/Adjunct_professor of physics-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics for the org/wiki/University_of_Memphis, Impact: The Threat of Asteroids and Comets, pg. 40) Did consider are potential risk to earth if it were to run into the head
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destroyed and our world would be transformed into a desolate and barren rock. Only DoD space weapons solve – asteroids are inevitable, highly probable in the near future, and outweigh nuclear war – squo efforts are insufficient
Eligar Sadeh 11
(President of Astroconsulting International, Research Professor with the Center for Space Studies at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, and Editor of Astropolitics; "Spacepower and the Environment," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) Planetary defense deals with the detection and possible mitigation of potentially ¶ hazardous NEOs.
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caveat should be ¶ to allow for space weapons for planetary defense.¶ 46 Try or die – asteroid strikes destroy civilization – magnitude outweighs probability
Garshnek et. al, 2k
(Victoria Garshnek, Global Human Futures Research Associates, David Morrison, NASA Ames Research Center, Frederick M. Burkle Jr, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine " The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with Earth," Space Policy 16 (2000) 213 – 222) As far as we know, impacts are randomly distributed in time. Of the
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shepherd our own survival, and that of all life on Eartha. Extinction by 2029 – we must begin NEO mitigation strategies now or we are signing our own death note – any survival strategy is preferable to inaction
Peter L. Hays 11
(Professor of Space Policy and International Affairs at George Washington U, "Space Law and the Advancement of Spacepower," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) It is also imperative that the United States and all spacefaring actors think more creatively
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our odds for survival and one day perhaps become a ¶ multiplanetary species. Existing BMD systems are quickly becoming insufficient – only space-based laser defenses can deter conflict over the long-term
Howard Kleinburg 3/1/11
(International Affairs Prof at UNC Wilmington, "A Global Missile Defense ’networK’: Terrestrial High-Energy Lasers and Aerospace Mirrors Part 1 of 2," http://www.faqs.org/periodicals/201103/2305177921.html)
Space-based laser relay mirrors are the key enabling technology and global force-
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which can only be fully provided, and fully covered, from space. History proves that US primacy in space BMD will stabilize international relations by making IR-shifting wars impossible and promoting cooperation – failure to lead causes power uncertainty, making miscalc and extinction inevitable – default to existing conceptual frameworks because abdication makes the perfect the enemy of the good
Everett C. Dolman and Henry F. Cooper, Jr. 11
(*Professor of Comparative Military Studies at the US Air Force’s School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Former DoD Deputy Executive and Chairman of High Frontier, a Defense Tech Think-Tank; "Increasing the Military Uses of Space," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf)
*gender modified We aver that the application of space technology to military operations is simply the ¶
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of all. America ¶ must lead, for the benefit of all. Space laser solves all wars and locks-in hegemony
Steven Lambakis 2/1/7
(PhD from Catholic University, National Institute for Public Policy Senior Analyst; "Missile Defense From Space," http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6124) The policy benefits of a space-based missile defense layer are straightforward. A
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for world peace, stability, and enforcing the rule of law internationally. The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. DoD would use power purchase agreements for the initial plants – jumpstarts the industry
William Madia 4/1/12
(PhD, Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, Former Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Former Laboratory Director at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY," Stanford Energy Journal, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/journalitem/small-modular-reactors-a-potential-game-changing-technology/) No one has yet obtained a design certification from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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the heavy politics of nuclear waste, corporate welfare, or carbon taxes. Plan’s key to ensure availability of SMRs for the military and doesn’t pick winners
Andres %26 Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, 11
~[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011~] Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most ¶ pressing energy vulnerabilities
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. DoD solves licensing lag
Glen Butler 11
(Lieutenant Colonel, Marine officer and director, operations and training, at Marine Corps Base Hawaii; "Not Green Enough," www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough) Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 DoD has flawless records and sufficient expertise
George E. Robitaille 3/21/12
(Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: THE ARMY’S SECURE SOURCE OF ENERGY" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802) The concept of small reactors for electrical power generation is not new. In fact
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energy for our critical military ¶ facilities will leverage this knowledge and experience. Zero risk of SMR accidents on bases
John Ringle 11/13/10
(Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering at Oregon State University, "Reintroduction of reactors in US a major win", robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/reintroduction-of-reactors-in-us-a-major-win/) Small nuclear reactors will probably be the¶ mechanism that ushers in nuclear power’s¶
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¶ successfully and safely by the Navy in submarines¶ and aircraft carriers. |
| 301 | 01/10/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: 5 | Opponent: OU CO | Judge: Warming is real, anthropogenic, and by far the largest risk of extinction
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2") Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Current emission trend is unsustainable – must begin cuts by 2020 to prevent the worst impacts
Antholis and Talbott 10 – Director and President @ Brookings
William Antholis, managing director of the Brookings Institution and a senior fellow in Governance Studies, former director of studies at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and Strobe Talbott, president of the Brookings Institution, deputy Sec. of State under Clinton, "The Global Warming Tipping Point," The Globalist, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523-http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523 Moreover, we need to start reductions now in order to slow temperature rise later
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not burn fossil fuels and therefore do not pump CO2 into the atmosphere. *Electricity sector is the key driver of global warming
Felix Mormann 11
(Fellow at the Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance at Stanford Law School, Ecology Law Quarterly, Vol. 38:903, "Requirements for a Renewables Revolution," http://www.boalt.org/elq/documents/elq38_4_03_2012_0808.pdf) Renewable sources of energy are relevant not only to electricity generation ¶ but also to
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if current ¶ efforts in climate change mitigation are to be successful.¶ 36 SMRs are uniquely key to global momentum – plan’s demonstration solves feasibility and global emissions reductions – no other showstoppers
Ted Nordhaus, Jessica Lovering, and Michael Shellenberger 9/7/12
(* and policy analysts, chairpersons, and president of the Breakthrough Institute, a public policy think tank and research organization; * policy analyst in the Energy and Climate program at Breakthrough; "New Nukes Why We Need Radical Innovation to Make New Nuclear Energy Cheap," http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/new-nukes/) Not long after a tsunami washed over Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plants in March 2011
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than developing the nuclear technologies we will need to get that job done. *Absent military procurement SMRs will not come to market
Armond Cohen 12
(Executive Director of the Clean Air Task Force, "DoD: A Model for Energy Innovation?" http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~%232211477) Recently, the Clean Air Task Force and our colleagues at The Consortium for Science
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innovation DNA" needs to be replicated or adapted to meet the challenge. Nuclear technocracy’s key to solve
Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger 2/25/11
(*Chairman – Breakthrough Instiute; president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz; http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta) Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology,
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simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature. Mutliple natural factors make extinction inevitable unless we pursue Mars Townships – get your impact D ready
Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Paul Davies Oct/Nov 10
(*Ph.D., School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Washington State University; Ph.D., Beyond Center at Arizona State University, "To Boldly Go: A One-Way Human Mission to Mars", http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars108.html) There are several reasons that motivate the establishment of a permanent Mars colony. We
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most favorable launch option takes about six months with current chemical rocket technology. SMRs solve space townships – further government pull is key
Ian O’Neil 8/30/11
(PhD from University of Wales, founder and editor of Astroengine, space producer for Discovery News; "’Suitcase’ Nuclear Reactors to Power Mars Colonies," http://news.discovery.com/space/mars-colonies-powered-by-mini-nuclear-reactors-110830.html) Nuclear power is an emotive subject — particularly in the wake of the Fukushima power
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versatile and affordable power resources to support manned exploration of the solar system. American exploration of Mars is imperative – the alternative locks out US maintenance of space stability
Harrison Schmitt 2/1/10
(PhD in geology, former senator, worked on tons and tons of NASA projects; "SPACE POLICY AND THE CONSTITUTION ~%236," http://americasuncommonsense.com/blog/category/science-engineering/space-policy/1-new-policy-failures/) Histories of nations tell us that an aggressive program to return Americans permanently to deep
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. This lesson has not been lost on our ideological and economic competitors. Mars is ideal – SMRs are key to terraform
Magdi Ragheb 3/31/12
(Professor with the Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; "Space Power Reactors," https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/www/NPRE%20402%20ME%20405%20Nuclear%20Power%20Engineering/Space%20Power%20Reactors.pdf) The largest application of nuclear technology in space would be to "terra¶ forming
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hydrogen and oxygen elements and compounds¶ between the atmosphere and the biosphere. Mission to Mars unites humanity on the basis of empathy and understanding.
Donald C. Barker, M.S., M.A., Int’l Space Station Flight Controller, NASA, and Pres. Of the Mars Advanced Exploration and Development, INC., AD ASTRA, July/August, 2002. p33-4 The exploration of another planet Mars by humans will have far-reaching cultural and
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increasingly restricted and diminishing variations available within the modern social and geopolitical framework. It’s physics
Pasternack 2010
(Alexander Pasternack, ’The "Overview Effect" Mystery: Do Astronauts "Connect" to the Universe, Dude Man’, writer for motherboard.com, November 29th, 2010, http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/11/29/the-overview-effect-mystery-do-astronauts-connect-to-the-universe-dude-man, accessed 6/30/2011) It may come as little surprise that walking on the moon produces a euphoric feeling
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conventional scientific models" but that maintains "a commitment to scientific rigor." The result is global peace
Rebeca Sato the creator of the linguacode translation matrix. Rebecca Sato joined Starfleet-http://en.hiddenfrontier.com/index.php/Starfleet due to her interest in deep space exploration and graduated top of her class. She was a gifted musician and singer and could often be found entertaining her crewmates in the rec room. She had a husband, php/Lieutenant_Commander php?title=Robert_Igoe%26action=edit%26redlink=1 who served aboard the php/USS_Excelsior_(NCC-2000), in engineering, "html" May 20, 2008, http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/05/space-euphoria.html 7/1/11-http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/05/space-euphoria.html 7/1/11 In February, 1971, Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Mitchell experienced the little understood phenomenon
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a real, physiological phenomenon—he wants to watch it unfold.
The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. DoD would use power purchase agreements for the initial plants – jumpstarts the industry
William Madia 4/1/12
(PhD, Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, Former Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Former Laboratory Director at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY," Stanford Energy Journal, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/journalitem/small-modular-reactors-a-potential-game-changing-technology/) No one has yet obtained a design certification from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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the heavy politics of nuclear waste, corporate welfare, or carbon taxes. Plan’s key to ensure availability of SMRs for the military and doesn’t pick winners
Andres %26 Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, 11
~[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011~] Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most ¶ pressing energy vulnerabilities
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. We have to understand personal change in the context of policy to solve environmental problems – individual action fails due to lack of scale and institutional support
Charles J Kibert et. al. 12
(*Professor and Director of the Powell Center for Construction and Environment at the University of Florida, co-founder and President of the Cross Creek Initiative, a non-profit industry/university joint venture seeking to implement sustainability principles into construction; Leslie Thiele, teaches political theory and serves as Director of Sustainability Studies at the University of Florida. His interdisciplinary research focuses on sustainability issues and the intersection of political philosophy and the natural sciences. His central concerns are the responsibilities of citizenship and the opportunities for leadership in a world of rapid technological, social, and ecological change; Anna Peterson, Department of Religion at the University of Florida. She received her PhD from the University of Chicago Divinity School. Her main research and teaching areas are environmental and social ethics, religion and politics, and religion in Latin America; and Martha Monroe, Professor of Environmental Education and Extension, at the School of Forest Resources and Conservation of the University of Florida; "The Ethics of Sustainability," http://www.cce.ufl.edu/current/ethics/Ethics%20of%20Sustainability%20Textbook.pdf) Another helpful category from environmental studies scholarship on consumption is¶ individualization, which
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personal issues, we fail to understand their causes and¶ potential solutions. Prefer realistic epistemologies of understanding – our scientific method is the same one everyone inevitably uses on a day-to-day basis, just more rigorous
Jean Bricmont 9/23/1
(Professor of theoretical physics at the University of Louvain; "Defense of a Modest Scientific Realism," http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/bielefeld_final.pdf) So, how does one obtain evidence concerning the truth or falsity of scientific assertions
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between the alternative theories if indeed they should be regarded as different theories. DoD solves licensing lag
Glen Butler 11
(Lieutenant Colonel, Marine officer and director, operations and training, at Marine Corps Base Hawaii; "Not Green Enough," www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough) Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 DoD has flawless records and sufficient expertise
George E. Robitaille 3/21/12
(Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: THE ARMY’S SECURE SOURCE OF ENERGY" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802) The concept of small reactors for electrical power generation is not new. In fact
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energy for our critical military ¶ facilities will leverage this knowledge and experience. Zero risk of SMR accidents on bases
John Ringle 11/13/10
(Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering at Oregon State University, "Reintroduction of reactors in US a major win", robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/reintroduction-of-reactors-in-us-a-major-win/) Small nuclear reactors will probably be the¶ mechanism that ushers in nuclear power’s¶
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¶ successfully and safely by the Navy in submarines¶ and aircraft carriers. |
| 302 | 01/10/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: UMKC AB | Judge: DoD market pull on SMRs is the only way to commercialize space nuclear power fast enough – key to feasibility of lunar townships, long-term space control and deterrence
James R. Downey, Anthony M. Forestier, and David E. Miller Apr 4
(*Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force; *Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; "Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space," http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a425874.pdf)
*gender modified
*SNP = space nuclear power Within the United States, there are only two government agencies capable of, and
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around the Earth will certainly be of concern ¶ to numerous international stakeholders. DoD key – lower entry cost and they have the expertise – only way to ensure mission effectiveness
James R. Downey, Anthony M. Forestier, and David E. Miller Apr 4
(*Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force; * Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; "Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space," http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a425874.pdf)
*SNP = space nuclear power Agencies such as DOD may soon be proposing nuclear power to support national security ¶
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at all rather than risking a military mission with fissile material in orbit. We’ll pre-empt the confusion – they’re the same technology – no sleight of hand here
Leonard David 2/22/12
(Has reported on the space industry for more than five decades, winner of National Space Club Press Award and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society’s Ad Astra and Space World magazines; writer for SPACE.com since 1999; "Air Force Eyes Nuclear Reactors, Beamed Power for Spacecraft," http://www.space.com/14643-air-force-space-nuclear-reactors-power-beaming.html) Work on small modular nuclear reactors on Earth is highlighted in the Air Force report
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systems, a view previously recommended by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. SMRs solve space townships – further government pull is key
Ian O’Neil 8/30/11
(PhD from University of Wales, founder and editor of Astroengine, space producer for Discovery News; "’Suitcase’ Nuclear Reactors to Power Mars Colonies," http://news.discovery.com/space/mars-colonies-powered-by-mini-nuclear-reactors-110830.html) Nuclear power is an emotive subject — particularly in the wake of the Fukushima power
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versatile and affordable power resources to support manned exploration of the solar system. You must prioritize ANY non-zero risk of inevitable planetary extinction – too many scenarios to wait – space townships are the largest moral priority
Johannes J. Leitner and Maria G. Firneis Jan 11
(*Ph.D., University of Vienna, Research Platform on ExoLife; Ph.D., University of Vienna, Institute for Astronomy; "Is A Manned (One-Way) Journey To Mars Our Responsibility?" http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars151.html) Life on Earth with its prodigious diversity and especially the homo sapiens sapiens as the
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to Mars should be the first step to initiate the conquest of space. Mission to Moon unites humanity on the basis of empathy and understanding.
Donald C. Barker, M.S., M.A., Int’l Space Station Flight Controller, NASA, and Pres. Of the Mars Advanced Exploration and Development, INC., AD ASTRA, July/August, 2002. p33-4 The exploration of another planet Mars by humans will have far-reaching cultural and
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increasingly restricted and diminishing variations available within the modern social and geopolitical framework. It’s physics
Pasternack 2010
(Alexander Pasternack, ’The "Overview Effect" Mystery: Do Astronauts "Connect" to the Universe, Dude Man’, writer for motherboard.com, November 29th, 2010, http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/11/29/the-overview-effect-mystery-do-astronauts-connect-to-the-universe-dude-man, accessed 6/30/2011) It may come as little surprise that walking on the moon produces a euphoric feeling
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conventional scientific models" but that maintains "a commitment to scientific rigor." The result is global peace
Rebeca Sato the creator of the linguacode translation matrix. Rebecca Sato joined Starfleet-http://en.hiddenfrontier.com/index.php/Starfleet due to her interest in deep space exploration and graduated top of her class. She was a gifted musician and singer and could often be found entertaining her crewmates in the rec room. She had a husband, php/Lieutenant_Commander php?title=Robert_Igoe%26action=edit%26redlink=1 who served aboard the php/USS_Excelsior_(NCC-2000), in engineering, "html" May 20, 2008, http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/05/space-euphoria.html 7/1/11-http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/05/space-euphoria.html 7/1/11 In February, 1971, Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Mitchell experienced the little understood phenomenon
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a real, physiological phenomenon—he wants to watch it unfold.
Independently, lunar colonies are key to off-earth refueling – key to the feasibility of satellite repair and expansion, and spurs massive investment
Paul D. Spudis 11
(Senior Staff Scientist, Lunar and Planetary Institute, served on numerous NASA committees, including the Lunar and Planetary Sample Team (LAPST), Lunar Exploration Science Working Group (LEXSWG) and Planetary Geology Working Group. Served on the Committee for Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) and Synthesis Group, PhD in geology; "The Moon: Point of Entry to Cislunar Space," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) The Moon is the first, but not the last, destination in the VSE
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and the private sector, thus ¶ spurring economic investment (and profit). Climate change is THE instability multiplier – magnifies and makes every cause inevitable – US management of climate satellites is key to overcome collective inaction and solve the root causes of climate change’s impacts
Eligar Sadeh 11
(President of Astroconsulting International, Research Professor with the Center for Space Studies at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, and Editor of Astropolitics; "Spacepower and the Environment," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf)
Global environmental dangers can undermine the stability of the international system and ¶ lead to
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access ¶ and data exchange requirements for all parties as effectively as possible. Warming’s impacts are real, anthropogenic, and by far the largest risk of extinction – they’re already occurring
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2")
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. The cumulative impact of warming is determined by adaptive capacity, vulnerability and resilience – successful adaptation overcomes insufficient CO2 reduction but the capacity to respond on the local level is key
Morris et. al. 11
(Daniel F. Morris, Center Fellow, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Molly K. Macauley, Research Director and Senior Fellow; Raymond J. Kopp, Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Richard D. Morgenstern, Senior Fellow; "Reforming institutions and managing extremes U.S. Policy approaches for adapting to a Changing Climate," http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming-%20Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf-http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming- Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf) Embedded within the concept of adaptation are several other important terms. Adaptive capacity refers
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from the adaptation literature that helped inform the research conducted for this study. Space is key to climate adaptation – only way to monitor and effectively respond to climate impacts as they arise
Peter L. Hays 11
(Professor of Space Policy and International Affairs at George Washington U, "Space Law and the Advancement of Spacepower," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) Space provides a unique location to monitor and potentially remediate Earth’s climate. It ¶
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a unique location to operate ¶ remediation options such as orbital solar shades. Shifting toward adaptation prevents climate effects that will only increase in magnitude and probability with inaction – mitigation ensures action is too late to prevent extinction
Morris et. al. 11
(Daniel F. Morris, Center Fellow, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Molly K. Macauley, Research Director and Senior Fellow; Raymond J. Kopp, Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Richard D. Morgenstern, Senior Fellow; "Reforming institutions and managing extremes U.S. Policy approaches for adapting to a Changing Climate," http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming-%20Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf-http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming- Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf) - Many climate-related impacts are not new. Effects that already manifest
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new policy approaches to address the probability of extreme and possibly costly events.
The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. Plan’s key to ensure availability of SMRs for the military and doesn’t pick winners
Andres %26 Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, 11
~[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011~] Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most ¶ pressing energy vulnerabilities
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. We have to understand personal change in the context of policy to solve environmental problems – individual action fails due to lack of scale and institutional support
Charles J Kibert et. al. 12
(*Professor and Director of the Powell Center for Construction and Environment at the University of Florida, co-founder and President of the Cross Creek Initiative, a non-profit industry/university joint venture seeking to implement sustainability principles into construction; Leslie Thiele, teaches political theory and serves as Director of Sustainability Studies at the University of Florida. His interdisciplinary research focuses on sustainability issues and the intersection of political philosophy and the natural sciences. His central concerns are the responsibilities of citizenship and the opportunities for leadership in a world of rapid technological, social, and ecological change; Anna Peterson, Department of Religion at the University of Florida. She received her PhD from the University of Chicago Divinity School. Her main research and teaching areas are environmental and social ethics, religion and politics, and religion in Latin America; and Martha Monroe, Professor of Environmental Education and Extension, at the School of Forest Resources and Conservation of the University of Florida; "The Ethics of Sustainability," http://www.cce.ufl.edu/current/ethics/Ethics%20of%20Sustainability%20Textbook.pdf) Another helpful category from environmental studies scholarship on consumption is¶ individualization, which
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personal issues, we fail to understand their causes and¶ potential solutions. Prefer realistic epistemologies of understanding – our scientific method is the same one everyone inevitably uses on a day-to-day basis, just more rigorous
Jean Bricmont 9/23/1
(Professor of theoretical physics at the University of Louvain; "Defense of a Modest Scientific Realism," http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/bielefeld_final.pdf) So, how does one obtain evidence concerning the truth or falsity of scientific assertions
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between the alternative theories if indeed they should be regarded as different theories. DoD solves licensing lag
Glen Butler 11
(Lieutenant Colonel, Marine officer and director, operations and training, at Marine Corps Base Hawaii; "Not Green Enough," www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough) Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 DoD has flawless records and sufficient expertise
George E. Robitaille 3/21/12
(Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: THE ARMY’S SECURE SOURCE OF ENERGY" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802) The concept of small reactors for electrical power generation is not new. In fact
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energy for our critical military ¶ facilities will leverage this knowledge and experience. Zero risk of SMR accidents on bases
John Ringle 11/13/10
(Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering at Oregon State University, "Reintroduction of reactors in US a major win", robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/reintroduction-of-reactors-in-us-a-major-win/) Small nuclear reactors will probably be the¶ mechanism that ushers in nuclear power’s¶
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¶ successfully and safely by the Navy in submarines¶ and aircraft carriers. |
| 303 | 01/28/2013 | Tournament: WSU | Round: All | Opponent: | Judge: Energy is the barrier to US space weapons – only DOD SMR development ensures that the Air Force deploys a space laser
Mark T. Maybury 1/31/12
(Ph.D., USAF Chief Scientist; "Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy S%26T Vision 2011-2026," http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf) Space is the "ultimate high ground", providing access to every part of the
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decrease in size, their ¶ utility on board space based assets increases. DoD key – lower entry cost and they have the expertise – only way to ensure mission effectiveness
James R. Downey, Anthony M. Forestier, and David E. Miller Apr 4
(*Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force; * Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; "Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space," http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a425874.pdf)
*SNP = space nuclear power Agencies such as DOD may soon be proposing nuclear power to support national security ¶
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at all rather than risking a military mission with fissile material in orbit. We’ll pre-empt the confusion – they’re the same technology – no sleight of hand here
Leonard David 2/22/12
(Has reported on the space industry for more than five decades, winner of National Space Club Press Award and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society’s Ad Astra and Space World magazines; writer for SPACE.com since 1999; "Air Force Eyes Nuclear Reactors, Beamed Power for Spacecraft," http://www.space.com/14643-air-force-space-nuclear-reactors-power-beaming.html) Work on small modular nuclear reactors on Earth is highlighted in the Air Force report
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systems, a view previously recommended by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. Solves asteroids – key to detect and deflect – the squo will use nuclear busting
Asian News International 3/20/7
("Lightweight lasers can eliminate Earth-striking asteroids," http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/world/20070320/618874.html)
Researchers at the University of Alabama in Huntsville have claimed that a lightweight, space
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, pushing it into a different orbit - and safely away from Earth. Busting ensures fragmentation – magnifies the impact of ocean landings
Greg Bear 1/23/13
(As a freelance journalist, he covered 10 years of the Voyager missions at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and internationally bestselling science-fiction author of many books, including "Moving Mars," "Darwin’s Radio" and "Hull Zero Three"; "Don’t count ’doomsday asteroid’ out yet," http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/23/opinion/bear-apophis-asteroid/) Since oceans cover two-thirds of the Earth’s surface, it’s more likely debris
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shotgun. Our atmosphere provides little protection against meteors larger than a truck.
Causes oxygen depletion and extinction
Verschurr 96
(Gerrit, org/wiki/Adjunct_professor of physics for the org/wiki/University_of_Memphis, Impact: The Threat of Asteroids and Comets, pg. 40) Did consider are potential risk to earth if it were to run into the head
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destroyed and our world would be transformed into a desolate and barren rock. DoD space weapons key – asteroids are inevitable, under-estimated, and outweigh nuclear war – squo efforts are insufficient and asteroid dual-use solves perception args
Eligar Sadeh 11
(President of Astroconsulting International, Research Professor with the Center for Space Studies at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, and Editor of Astropolitics; "Spacepower and the Environment," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf)
Planetary defense deals with the detection and possible mitigation of potentially ¶ hazardous NEOs.
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caveat should be ¶ to allow for space weapons for planetary defense.¶ 46 Try or die – a strike destroys civilization – magnitude outweighs probability
Garshnek et. al, 2k
(Victoria Garshnek, Global Human Futures Research Associates, David Morrison, NASA Ames Research Center, Frederick M. Burkle Jr, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine " The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with Earth," Space Policy 16 (2000) 213 – 222) As far as we know, impacts are randomly distributed in time. Of the
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shepherd our own survival, and that of all life on Eartha. Extinction by 2029 – must begin mitigation strategies now or we will be *unable to choose* – any survival strategy is preferable to inaction
Peter L. Hays 11
(Professor of Space Policy and International Affairs at George Washington U, "Space Law and the Advancement of Spacepower," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) It is also imperative that the United States and all spacefaring actors think more creatively
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our odds for survival and one day perhaps become a ¶ multiplanetary species. Existing BMD systems are quickly becoming insufficient – only space-based laser defenses can deter conflict over the long-term
Howard Kleinburg 3/1/11
(International Affairs Prof at UNC Wilmington, "A Global Missile Defense ’networK’: Terrestrial High-Energy Lasers and Aerospace Mirrors Part 1 of 2," http://www.faqs.org/periodicals/201103/2305177921.html)
Space-based laser relay mirrors are the key enabling technology and global force-
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which can only be fully provided, and fully covered, from space. History proves that US primacy in space BMD will stabilize international relations by making IR-shifting wars impossible and promoting cooperation – failure to lead causes power uncertainty, miscalc and extinction – must analyze state motivations to pursue effective space policy
Everett C. Dolman and Henry F. Cooper, Jr. 11
(*Professor of Comparative Military Studies at the US Air Force’s School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Former DoD Deputy Executive and Chairman of High Frontier, a Defense Tech Think-Tank; "Increasing the Military Uses of Space," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf)
*gender modified We aver that the application of space technology to military operations is simply the ¶
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of all. America ¶ must lead, for the benefit of all. Warming is real, anthropogenic, and by far the largest risk of extinction
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2") Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Current emission trend is unsustainable – must begin cuts by 2020 to prevent the worst impacts
Antholis and Talbott 10 – Director and President @ Brookings
William Antholis, managing director of the Brookings Institution and a senior fellow in Governance Studies, former director of studies at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and Strobe Talbott, president of the Brookings Institution, deputy Sec. of State under Clinton, "The Global Warming Tipping Point," The Globalist, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523-http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523 Moreover, we need to start reductions now in order to slow temperature rise later
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not burn fossil fuels and therefore do not pump CO2 into the atmosphere. SMRs are uniquely key to global momentum – plan’s demonstration solves feasibility and global emissions reductions – no other showstoppers
Ted Nordhaus, Jessica Lovering, and Michael Shellenberger 9/7/12
(* and policy analysts, chairpersons, and president of the Breakthrough Institute, a public policy think tank and research organization; * policy analyst in the Energy and Climate program at Breakthrough; "New Nukes Why We Need Radical Innovation to Make New Nuclear Energy Cheap," http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/new-nukes/) Not long after a tsunami washed over Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plants in March 2011
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than developing the nuclear technologies we will need to get that job done. The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. Nuclear renaissance still strong despite the short-term slowdown
Peter Koven 12/12/12
2012, "Uranium miners still struggling to emerge from shadow of Fukushima," Financial Post, http://business.financialpost.com/2012/12/12/uranium-miners-still-struggling-to-emerge-from-shadow-of-fukushima/-http://business.financialpost.com/2012/12/12/uranium-miners-still-struggling-to-emerge-from-shadow-of-fukushima/, ACC. 1-3-13, JT Despite the short-term woes, industry experts maintain the long-term outlook
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" is still ongoing despite Fukushima, even if it has slowed down. US incentives now but they’re not enough – DoD action key
DoD Energy Blog, 2/16/11
Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power, dodenergy.blogspot.com/2011/02/good-things-in-small-packagessmall.html They conclude that DOD should lead the charge for small reactors to meet their own
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be left behind as we have been with other alternative energy production means. DoD would use power purchase agreements for the initial plants – jumpstarts the industry
William Madia 4/1/12
(PhD, Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, Former Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Former Laboratory Director at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY," Stanford Energy Journal, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/journalitem/small-modular-reactors-a-potential-game-changing-technology/) No one has yet obtained a design certification from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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the heavy politics of nuclear waste, corporate welfare, or carbon taxes. Plan’s key to ensure availability of SMRs for the military and doesn’t pick winners
Andres %26 Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, 11
~[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011~] Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most ¶ pressing energy vulnerabilities
AND
leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. DoD solves licensing lag
Glen Butler 11
(Lieutenant Colonel, Marine officer and director, operations and training, at Marine Corps Base Hawaii; "Not Green Enough," www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough) Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
AND
shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 DoD has flawless records and sufficient expertise
George E. Robitaille 3/21/12
(Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: THE ARMY’S SECURE SOURCE OF ENERGY" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802) The concept of small reactors for electrical power generation is not new. In fact
AND
energy for our critical military ¶ facilities will leverage this knowledge and experience. Zero risk of SMR accidents on bases
John Ringle 11/13/10
(Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering at Oregon State University, "Reintroduction of reactors in US a major win", robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/reintroduction-of-reactors-in-us-a-major-win/) Small nuclear reactors will probably be the¶ mechanism that ushers in nuclear power’s¶
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¶ successfully and safely by the Navy in submarines¶ and aircraft carriers. |
| 304 | 02/09/2013 | Tournament: NU | Round: 1 | Opponent: UWG GM | Judge: Mutliple natural factors make extinction inevitable in the short-to-medium term unless we pursue Mars habitation
Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Paul Davies Oct/Nov 10
(*Ph.D., School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Washington State University; Ph.D., Beyond Center at Arizona State University, "To Boldly Go: A One-Way Human Mission to Mars", http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars108.html)
There are several reasons that motivate the establishment of a permanent Mars colony. We
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most favorable launch option takes about six months with current chemical rocket technology. SMRs solve space habitats – further government influence is key
Ian O’Neil 8/30/11
(PhD from University of Wales, founder and editor of Astroengine, space producer for Discovery News; "’Suitcase’ Nuclear Reactors to Power Mars Colonies," http://news.discovery.com/space/mars-colonies-powered-by-mini-nuclear-reactors-110830.html) Nuclear power is an emotive subject — particularly in the wake of the Fukushima power
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versatile and affordable power resources to support manned exploration of the solar system. Mars is ideal – SMRs are key to terraform
Magdi Ragheb 3/31/12
(Professor with the Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; "Space Power Reactors," https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/www/NPRE%20402%20ME%20405%20Nuclear%20Power%20Engineering/Space%20Power%20Reactors.pdf) The largest application of nuclear technology in space would be to "terra¶ forming
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hydrogen and oxygen elements and compounds¶ between the atmosphere and the biosphere. DoD key – lower entry cost and they have the expertise – only way to ensure mission effectiveness
James R. Downey, Anthony M. Forestier, and David E. Miller Apr 4
(*Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force; * Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; "Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space," http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a425874.pdf)
*SNP = space nuclear power
Agencies such as DOD may soon be proposing nuclear power to support national security ¶
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at all rather than risking a military mission with fissile material in orbit. We’ll pre-empt the confusion – our cards are talking about the same tech and actor
Leonard David 2/22/12
(Has reported on the space industry for more than five decades, winner of National Space Club Press Award and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society’s Ad Astra and Space World magazines; writer for SPACE.com since 1999; "Air Force Eyes Nuclear Reactors, Beamed Power for Spacecraft," http://www.space.com/14643-air-force-space-nuclear-reactors-power-beaming.html) Work on small modular nuclear reactors on Earth is highlighted in the Air Force report
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systems, a view previously recommended by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. The sun sets a clock on human existence on Earth – don’t be fooled by timeframe, this is a reality that demands further investigation
Tom Siegfried Jan 2k
(Science editor at the Dallas Morning News, Astronomy; Exodus from Earth, Vol. 28.1, Pp. 50) In reality, Earth won’t need a robot. The sun itself one day will
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solve the problems that will arise when the time to go draws closer. Resources on Mars give it the ability to sustain life and be used in space exploration
Michael D. Max et. al. 09
(Research Compilation of MDS Research, Lunar %26Planetary Institute and Hydrate Energy International; Stephen M. Clifford, Arthur H. Johnson, Jeremie Lasue, "Is a Resource-Mars a Stepping-Stone to Human Exploration of the Solar System" Lunar Planetary Institute; http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/decadal/MichaelDMax.pdf) Mars and the moons of the outer planets may have the resources that could sustain
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could be used as a stepping stone to exploration of the solar system. Mars is the only destination that can substantially contribute to exploration and development
Loren Thompson 4/21/11
(Chief Operating Officer of the non-profit Lexington Institute and Chief Executive Officer of Source Associates, Human Spaceflight: Mars is the Destination that matters, http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Defense/HumanSpaceflight-Mars.pdf) Among the various destinations that have been proposed under the flexible path — a return
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important than visits to other destinations that the human spaceflight program might undertake. Mars will lead to complete space townships and ensures a defense against inevitable Armageddon
Marshall Savage 94
(Founder of the First Millennial Foundation, Marshall Savage attended Swarthmore College and holds a degree in English from the University of Southern California; "The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps") By creating a second planetary ecosphere, we virtually insure Life’s ultimate triumph over Chaos
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aJnong the stars and transform lifeless hulks into living arks. <233> Mission to Mars unites the earth on the basis of empathy and understanding.
Donald C. Barker Jul/Aug 2
(M.S., M.A., Int’l Space Station Flight Controller, NASA, and Pres. Of the Mars Advanced Exploration and Development, INC.; AD ASTRA; Pp. 33-4) The exploration of another planet Mars by humans will have far-reaching cultural and
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increasingly restricted and diminishing variations available within the modern social and geopolitical framework. It’s physics
Alexander Pasternack 11/29/10
(’The "Overview Effect" Mystery: Do Astronauts "Connect" to the Universe, Dude Man’, writer for motherboard.com, http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/11/29/the-overview-effect-mystery-do-astronauts-connect-to-the-universe-dude-man) It may come as little surprise that walking on the moon produces a euphoric feeling
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conventional scientific models" but that maintains "a commitment to scientific rigor." The result is global peace
Rebeca Sato 5/20/8
(Creator of the linguacode translation matrix. Rebecca Sato joined Starfleet-http://en.hiddenfrontier.com/index.php/Starfleet due to her interest in deep space exploration and graduated top of her class. She was a gifted musician and singer and could often be found entertaining her crewmates in the rec room. She had a husband, Lieutenant Commander php?title=Robert_Igoe%26action=edit%26redlink=1 who served aboard the USS Excelsior (NCC-2000), in engineering, "html" http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/05/space-euphoria.html) In February, 1971, Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Mitchell experienced the little understood phenomenon
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a real, physiological phenomenon—he wants to watch it unfold.
Mars is key – the distance and risk will make communal ideologies thrive
Jeffrey S. Kargel 4
(Adjunct Professor and Senior Research Scientist, Department of Hydrology %26 Water Resources, University of Arizona, Ph.D., Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Principle investigator and international coordinator of GLIMS, ASTER Science Team member. Editorial Board for Astrobiology. Visiting Professor (JSPS Fellow), University of Tokyo; "Mars: A Warmer Wetter Planet, Springer Verlag Publishing," Pp. 434-5) My sense is that the New Mars Society will be far more disciplined than that
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However, if Utopia can be accomplished anywhere, it may be Mars. Space policy is a unique area where public knowledge and support based on technical discussion can motivate policy – technology-driven discussions like the aff were *the largest reason* that 60’s space programs came into existence
Roger D. Launius 11
(Curator of the Planetary Exploration Programs at the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution; "History of Civil Space Activity and Spacepower," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) Role ofPopular Conceptions of SpaceTravel ¶ If the frontier metaphor of space exploration conjured up
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its ¶ promoters had established so well in the minds of Americans.¶ 19 We must use political discussions to overcome individual skepticism of space exploration and development – it’s possible and key to incentivize states to curb long-term geopolitical conflict – deferring discussions like the aff means committing to worse conflict
Dennis Wingo 11
(Degree in engineering physics from University of Alabama in Huntsville, has been involved in numerous space missions under NASA, currently works in the commercial aerospace industry, and co-author of Return to the Moon" and "Toward a Space Power Theory; "Economic Development of the Solar System: The Heart of a 21st-century Spacepower Theory," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) Conflict will not end with expansion into the solar system. There will always be
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our people of the hope that is out there for us to grasp. Our technology-driven space scholarship is good and accurate – every advance in tech has been underestimated and techno pessimism is a myopic witch hunt
Ivan Bekey 11
(Former Director of NASA’s Office of Advanced Concepts, currently at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; "The Long-term Outlook for Commercial Space," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) In the next few decades, an explosion of new technologies will transform space systems
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an effort is fraught with uncertainty, are offered later in the chapter. Plan : The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. Plan’s key to ensure availability of SMRs for the military and doesn’t pick winners
Andres %26 Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, 11
~[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011~] Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most ¶ pressing energy vulnerabilities
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. Solves licensing lag
Glen Butler 11
(Lieutenant Colonel, Marine officer and director, operations and training, at Marine Corps Base Hawaii; "Not Green Enough," www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough) Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 DoD has flawless records and sufficient expertise
George E. Robitaille 3/21/12
(Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: THE ARMY’S SECURE SOURCE OF ENERGY" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802) The concept of small reactors for electrical power generation is not new. In fact
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energy for our critical military ¶ facilities will leverage this knowledge and experience. Zero risk of SMR accidents
John Ringle 11/13/10
(Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering at Oregon State University, "Reintroduction of reactors in US a major win", robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/reintroduction-of-reactors-in-us-a-major-win/) Small nuclear reactors will probably be the¶ mechanism that ushers in nuclear power’s¶
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¶ successfully and safely by the Navy in submarines¶ and aircraft carriers. |
| 305 | 02/13/2013 | Tournament: Northwestern | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michigan BJ | Judge: DoD SMRs are key dual-use tech – solves space lasers
Mark T. Maybury 1/31/12
(Ph.D., USAF Chief Scientist; "Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy S%26T Vision 2011-2026," http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf) Space is the "ultimate high ground", providing access to every part of the
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decrease in size, their ¶ utility on board space based assets increases. DoD key – lower entry cost and they have the expertise – only way to ensure mission effectiveness
James R. Downey, Anthony M. Forestier, and David E. Miller Apr 4
(*Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force; * Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; "Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space," http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a425874.pdf)
*SNP = space nuclear power
Agencies such as DOD may soon be proposing nuclear power to support national security ¶
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at all rather than risking a military mission with fissile material in orbit. We’ll pre-empt the confusion – they’re the same technology – no sleight of hand here
Leonard David 2/22/12
(Has reported on the space industry for more than five decades, winner of National Space Club Press Award and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society’s Ad Astra and Space World magazines; writer for SPACE.com since 1999; "Air Force Eyes Nuclear Reactors, Beamed Power for Spacecraft," http://www.space.com/14643-air-force-space-nuclear-reactors-power-beaming.html) Work on small modular nuclear reactors on Earth is highlighted in the Air Force report
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systems, a view previously recommended by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. Solves asteroids – key to detect and deflect – the squo will use nuclear busting
Asian News International 3/20/7
("Lightweight lasers can eliminate Earth-striking asteroids," http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/world/20070320/618874.html)
Researchers at the University of Alabama in Huntsville have claimed that a lightweight, space
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, pushing it into a different orbit - and safely away from Earth. Busting ensures fragmentation – magnifies the impact of ocean landings
Greg Bear 1/23/13
(As a freelance journalist, he covered 10 years of the Voyager missions at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and internationally bestselling science-fiction author of many books, including "Moving Mars," "Darwin’s Radio" and "Hull Zero Three"; "Don’t count ’doomsday asteroid’ out yet," http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/23/opinion/bear-apophis-asteroid/) Since oceans cover two-thirds of the Earth’s surface, it’s more likely debris
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shotgun. Our atmosphere provides little protection against meteors larger than a truck.
Causes oxygen depletion and extinction
Verschurr 96
(Gerrit, org/wiki/Adjunct_professor of physics for the org/wiki/University_of_Memphis, Impact: The Threat of Asteroids and Comets, pg. 40) Did consider are potential risk to earth if it were to run into the head
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destroyed and our world would be transformed into a desolate and barren rock. DoD space weapons key – asteroids are inevitable, under-estimated, and outweigh nuclear war – squo efforts are insufficient and asteroid dual-use solves perception args
Eligar Sadeh 11
(President of Astroconsulting International, Research Professor with the Center for Space Studies at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, and Editor of Astropolitics; "Spacepower and the Environment," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf)
Planetary defense deals with the detection and possible mitigation of potentially ¶ hazardous NEOs.
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caveat should be ¶ to allow for space weapons for planetary defense.¶ 46 Try or die – a strike destroys civilization – magnitude outweighs probability
Garshnek et. al. 2k
(Victoria Garshnek, Global Human Futures Research Associates, David Morrison, NASA Ames Research Center, Frederick M. Burkle Jr, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine " The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with Earth," Space Policy 16 (2000) 213 – 222) As far as we know, impacts are randomly distributed in time. Of the
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shepherd our own survival, and that of all life on Eartha. Extinction by 2029 – must begin mitigation strategies now or we will be *unable to choose* – any survival strategy is preferable to inaction
Peter L. Hays 11
(Professor of Space Policy and International Affairs at George Washington U, "Space Law and the Advancement of Spacepower," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) It is also imperative that the United States and all spacefaring actors think more creatively
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our odds for survival and one day perhaps become a ¶ multiplanetary species. War cannot be contained in traditional ways – space tech is being leveraged to re-energize regional stalemates making power ambiguity and escalatory regional wars are inevitable without clarified status hierarchy via overt US space development
Randall R. Correll 11
(National security consultant with Science Applications International Company, served in the United States Air Force in a wide variety of research, development and space assignments, PhD in physics from UT; "Emerging Actors," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) The world of the 21st¶ century is radically different from that of the previous
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better engage with emerging competitors in support of national goals and ¶ interests. Ambiguous status hierarchies cause regional over-exertion and great power conflict – clarifying uncertain sources of status moves the flame away from the powderkeg
William C. Wohlforth Jan 9
(Professor of government at Dartmouth College World Politics Volume 61, Number 1, "Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War") SIT is often seen in a scholarly context that contrasts power-based and identity
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creativity are more plausible responses, neither of which leads to military conflict. Cold War proves overt space defense development catalyzes civil policy cooperation and buffers against nuclear mis-interpretations by creating hardlines that cut through the fog of war – US defense of the space commons is the single best way to prevent friction as space policies develop
M.V. Smith 11
(Colonel in the USAF, PhD in Strategic Studies-Politics and International Relations from the University of Reading; "Security and Spacepower," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) Spacepower provides different ways to manage security concerns. Because of its ¶ matchless ability
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spacerelated security needs while reducing their security concerns inside the terrestrial ¶ confines. Cheap and plentiful natural gas is creating overdependence for electricity generation that will cause price volatility and shortages – SMR development is key to create a hedge
Mark J. Perry 9/26/12
Professor of Economics at UM Flint; "Natural gas and nuclear power need to share the lead in power generation for the future," September 26th 2012, www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/conventional-energy/natural-gas-and-nuclear-power-need-to-share-the-lead-in-power-generation-for-the-future/~ Recent advances in drilling technologies have unleashed a boom in domestic natural gas production.
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replaced, and fostering their use is in our national and economic interest. Initial small-scale SMR development would quickly generate learning benefits to be cost-competitive with natgas
Rosner and Goldberg 11
(Robert Rosner, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director, Argonne National Laboratory Senior Fellow, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago Research Coordinator, Global Nuclear Future Initiative American Academy of Arts and Sciences, "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S." Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf-http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf)
FOAK = first of a kind
LCOE = levelized cost of electricity
DD%26E = design, development and engineering The study team’s learning model is based on an assumption of an SMR multi-
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focus on the learning process that ¶ occurs in such a dedicated factory. Investors want to hedge against natural gas volatility – availability of SMRs would be sufficient
Rosner and Goldberg 11
(Robert Rosner, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director, Argonne National Laboratory Senior Fellow, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago Research Coordinator, Global Nuclear Future Initiative American Academy of Arts and Sciences, "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S." Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf-http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf) Furthermore, CBO discussed the market risk associated with GW-scale plants: ¶
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¶ investment requirements are comparable – SMRs could potentially "fit the bill." Natural gas market volatility ensures reliance destroys the econ
Cooper and Sovacool 7
Christopher Cooper, Senior Policy Director, founded the Network for New Energy Choices,
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Report No. 01-07 June, 2007 www.NewEnergyChoices.org Rising Natural Gas Costs Will Increase Electricity Rates Short-term deflation in natural gas
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78,000 jobs to foreign plants where natural gas was much cheaper. US is key to the global economy
Caploe 9
(David, PhD in International political economy from Princeton, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," The Straits Times, 8/2/12) IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
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recovery for the foreseeable future, even though other countries must certainly help. Studies prove decline causes war
Royal 10
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215 Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. US growth averts great power nuclear war
Mead 9
~[Walter Russell, Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, New Republic, February 4, http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8%26p=2~~] If current market turmoil seriously damaged the performance and prospects of India and China,
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the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight. The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors in the United States. Nuclear renaissance still strong despite the short-term slowdown
Peter Koven 12/12/12
2012, "Uranium miners still struggling to emerge from shadow of Fukushima," Financial Post, http://business.financialpost.com/2012/12/12/uranium-miners-still-struggling-to-emerge-from-shadow-of-fukushima/-http://business.financialpost.com/2012/12/12/uranium-miners-still-struggling-to-emerge-from-shadow-of-fukushima/, ACC. 1-3-13, JT Despite the short-term woes, industry experts maintain the long-term outlook
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" is still ongoing despite Fukushima, even if it has slowed down. US incentives now but they’re not enough – DoD action key
DoD Energy Blog, 2/16/11
Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power, dodenergy.blogspot.com/2011/02/good-things-in-small-packagessmall.html They conclude that DOD should lead the charge for small reactors to meet their own
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be left behind as we have been with other alternative energy production means. DoD would use power purchase agreements for the initial plants – jumpstarts the industry
William Madia 4/1/12
(PhD, Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, Former Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Former Laboratory Director at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY," Stanford Energy Journal, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/journalitem/small-modular-reactors-a-potential-game-changing-technology/) No one has yet obtained a design certification from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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the heavy politics of nuclear waste, corporate welfare, or carbon taxes. Plan’s key to ensure availability of SMRs for the military and doesn’t pick winners
Andres %26 Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, 11
~[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011~] Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most ¶ pressing energy vulnerabilities
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. DoD solves licensing lag
Glen Butler 11
(Lieutenant Colonel, Marine officer and director, operations and training, at Marine Corps Base Hawaii; "Not Green Enough," www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough) Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 DoD has flawless records and sufficient expertise
George E. Robitaille 3/21/12
(Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: THE ARMY’S SECURE SOURCE OF ENERGY" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802) The concept of small reactors for electrical power generation is not new. In fact
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energy for our critical military ¶ facilities will leverage this knowledge and experience. Zero risk of SMR accidents on bases
John Ringle 11/13/10
(Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering at Oregon State University, "Reintroduction of reactors in US a major win", robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/reintroduction-of-reactors-in-us-a-major-win/) Small nuclear reactors will probably be the¶ mechanism that ushers in nuclear power’s¶
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¶ successfully and safely by the Navy in submarines¶ and aircraft carriers. |
| 306 | 02/23/2013 | Tournament: D3 | Round: 1 | Opponent: UCO AV | Judge: DoD SMRs are key dual-use tech – solves space lasers
Mark T. Maybury 1/31/12
(Ph.D., USAF Chief Scientist; "Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy S%26T Vision 2011-2026," http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf)
Space is the "ultimate high ground", providing access to every part of the
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decrease in size, their ¶ utility on board space based assets increases. DoD key – lower entry cost and they have the expertise – only way to ensure mission effectiveness
James R. Downey, Anthony M. Forestier, and David E. Miller Apr 4
(*Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force; * Lieutenant Colonel in the USAF; "Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space," http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a425874.pdf)
*SNP = space nuclear power Agencies such as DOD may soon be proposing nuclear power to support national security ¶
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at all rather than risking a military mission with fissile material in orbit. We’ll pre-empt the confusion – they’re the same technology – no sleight of hand here
Leonard David 2/22/12
(Has reported on the space industry for more than five decades, winner of National Space Club Press Award and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society’s Ad Astra and Space World magazines; writer for SPACE.com since 1999; "Air Force Eyes Nuclear Reactors, Beamed Power for Spacecraft," http://www.space.com/14643-air-force-space-nuclear-reactors-power-beaming.html) Work on small modular nuclear reactors on Earth is highlighted in the Air Force report
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systems, a view previously recommended by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. Existing BMD systems are quickly becoming insufficient – only space-based laser defenses can deter conflict over the long-term
Howard Kleinburg 3/1/11
(International Affairs Prof at UNC Wilmington, "A Global Missile Defense ’networK’: Terrestrial High-Energy Lasers and Aerospace Mirrors Part 1 of 2," http://www.faqs.org/periodicals/201103/2305177921.html)
Space-based laser relay mirrors are the key enabling technology and global force-
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which can only be fully provided, and fully covered, from space. History proves that US primacy in space BMD will stabilize international relations by making IR-shifting wars impossible and promoting cooperation – failure to lead causes power uncertainty, making miscalc and extinction inevitable – default to existing conceptual frameworks because abdication makes the perfect the enemy of the good
Everett C. Dolman and Henry F. Cooper, Jr. 11
(*Professor of Comparative Military Studies at the US Air Force’s School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Former DoD Deputy Executive and Chairman of High Frontier, a Defense Tech Think-Tank; "Increasing the Military Uses of Space," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf)
*gender modified We aver that the application of space technology to military operations is simply the ¶
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of all. America ¶ must lead, for the benefit of all. Space laser solves all wars and locks-in hegemony
Steven Lambakis 2/1/7
(PhD from Catholic University, National Institute for Public Policy Senior Analyst; "Missile Defense From Space," http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6124) The policy benefits of a space-based missile defense layer are straightforward. A
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for world peace, stability, and enforcing the rule of law internationally. Specifically, China is improving ASAT capabilities now – failure to begin defense systems before they upgrade signals complacency that will cause China to over-exert in the Taiwan Strait – ensures deterrence failure and war
Michael E. O’Hanlon 11
(Senior fellow with the 21st Century Defense Initiative and director of research for the Foreign Policy program at the Brookings Institution, where he specializes in U.S. defense strategy, the use of military force, and American foreign policy. He is a visiting lecturer at Princeton University, an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University, and a member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies; "Balancing U.S. Security Interests in Space," http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) Given trends in military reconnaissance, information processing, and precision-strike ¶ technologies
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only if China relied on radar, as opposed to optical, systems. Space BMD solves Chinese ASAT attacks – key to prevent cross-Strait conflict
Howard Kleinburg 3/1/11
(International Affairs Prof at UNC Wilmington, "A Global Missile Defense ’networK’: Terrestrial High-Energy Lasers and Aerospace Mirrors Part 1 of 2," http://www.faqs.org/periodicals/201103/2305177921.html) ASAT Defense Chinas January 2007 ASAT test, in which a weather satellite was destroyed
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also be targeted and intercepted by a midcoursedefense-capable SB-BMD weapon
n, in addition to its primary role of boost-phase defense, giving a "second-chance" round of shots with which to try to stop any ASAT. Global nuclear war from numerous probable miscalc scenarios
Geoffrey Forden 1/10/8
(PhD and Research Fellow at MIT, "How China Loses the Coming Space War," http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2008/01/inside-the-ch-1/) The United States has five satellites in geostationary orbit that detect missile launches using the
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escalation of the conflict into a nuclear war without a clear military goal. Lack of icebreakers means the Navy can’t effectively police resource extraction in the Arctic
AP 4/16/12
("The new cold war: Militaries eying Arctic resources" April 16, 2012, Associated Press) To the world’s military leaders, the debate over climate change is long over.
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and has been working closely with the scientific community to calibrate its response. SMRs solve – spills over to vehicular capability
Butler 11
(Glen, Lieutenant Colonel, Marine officer and director, operations and training, at Marine Corps Base Hawaii; "Not Green Enough," www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough)
Finally, Marine Corps-SMR technology opens the pathway for related endeavors and synergetic
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could collocate with nuclear plants on installations to both use the energy.37 Demonstration PPA is key in order reduce costs of SMR which is a key barrier of tech integration
Yetiv 11
Lieutenant Chambers is a master’s student in the Graduate Program in International Studies at Old Dominion University, in Norfolk, Virginia. She holds a BS in political science from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. She has served as a member of the Bataan Expeditionary Strike Group and U.S. Joint Forces Command, completing deployments to the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, Caribbean, and Afghanistan. Dr. Yetiv is University Professor of Political Science and International Studies at Old Dominion University. He is author of The Absence of Grand Strategy (Johns Hopkins, 2008); Crude Awakenings: Global Oil Security and American Foreign Policy (Cornell University Press, 2010); and Explaining Foreign Policy: U.S. Decision Making and the Gulf Wars (Johns Hopkins, 2011), THE GREAT GREEN FLEET The U.S. Navy and Fossil-Fuel Alternatives, http://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/72d7de2c-b537-4466-9b4b-809c205d1747/The-Great-Green-Fleet—The-U-S—Navy-and-Fossil-Fu/
The required technology for becoming less dependent on oil exists but is not fully developed
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markets looming, the pursuit of alternatives grows more imperative for the Navy. That expands the nuclear navy fleet
Pfeffer and Macon 1
(Robert A. Pfeffer is a physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency in Springfield, Virginia, working on nuclear weapons effects. He is a graduate of Trinity University and has a master’s degree in physics from The Johns Hopkins University. Previous Government experience includes Chief of the Electromagnetic Laboratory at Harry Diamond Laboratories (HDL) in Adelphi, Maryland, and Chief of the HDL Woodbridge Research Facility in Virginia. William A. Macon, Jr., is a project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. He was formerly the acting Army Reactor Program Manager at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency. He is a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy and has a master’s degree in nuclear engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His military assignments included Assistant Brigade S4 in the 1st Armored Division. "Nuclear Power: An Option for the Army’s Future" October 2001, http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm) Another proposed initiative would exploit previous Army experience in developing and using small, portable
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of technicians and monitored by a central home office through a satellite uplink. Solves coast guard environmental protection
Jones et al 7
(Professor @ UVA, Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie-Mellon University, member of the Defense Science Board, the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Corporation, the National Research Council Advisory Council for Policy and Global Affairs, and the MIT Corporation)
The U S Coast Guard seeks to protect the nation’s natural resources by eliminating environmental
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new polar icebreakers to be equipped wilh the latest technology for oil spill response Prevents oil spills that cause methane pollution
Schneider 12
(Conrad, Advocacy Director, Clean Air Task Force "Curb Methane Emissions," http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/07/is-arctic-oil-drilling-ready-f.php?comments=expandall) With Shell’s imminent entrance into Arctic waters, the debate is turning from "if
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associated with oil and natural gas, in some cases by almost 100%. Extinction
WWF 10
("Drilling for Oil in the Arctic Too Soon Too Risky" http://worldwildlife.org/publications/drilling-for-oil-in-the-arctic-too-soon-too-risky) The Arctic and the subarctic regions surrounding it are important for many reasons. One
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of any credible and tested means of responding effectively to a major spill. The United States Department of Defense should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States. Nuclear renaissance still strong despite the short-term slowdown
Peter Koven 12/12/12
2012, "Uranium miners still struggling to emerge from shadow of Fukushima," Financial Post, http://business.financialpost.com/2012/12/12/uranium-miners-still-struggling-to-emerge-from-shadow-of-fukushima/-http://business.financialpost.com/2012/12/12/uranium-miners-still-struggling-to-emerge-from-shadow-of-fukushima/, ACC. 1-3-13, JT Despite the short-term woes, industry experts maintain the long-term outlook
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" is still ongoing despite Fukushima, even if it has slowed down. US incentives now but they’re not enough – DoD action key
DoD Energy Blog, 2/16/11
Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power, dodenergy.blogspot.com/2011/02/good-things-in-small-packagessmall.html They conclude that DOD should lead the charge for small reactors to meet their own
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be left behind as we have been with other alternative energy production means. DoD would use power purchase agreements for the initial plants – jumpstarts the industry
William Madia 4/1/12
(PhD, Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, Former Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Former Laboratory Director at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY," Stanford Energy Journal, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/journalitem/small-modular-reactors-a-potential-game-changing-technology/) No one has yet obtained a design certification from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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the heavy politics of nuclear waste, corporate welfare, or carbon taxes. Plan’s key to ensure availability of SMRs for the military and doesn’t pick winners
Andres %26 Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, 11
~[Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011~] Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most ¶ pressing energy vulnerabilities
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. DoD solves licensing lag
Glen Butler 11
(Lieutenant Colonel, Marine officer and director, operations and training, at Marine Corps Base Hawaii; "Not Green Enough," www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough) Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 DoD has flawless records and sufficient expertise
George E. Robitaille 3/21/12
(Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies; "SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: THE ARMY’S SECURE SOURCE OF ENERGY" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802) The concept of small reactors for electrical power generation is not new. In fact
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energy for our critical military ¶ facilities will leverage this knowledge and experience. Zero risk of SMR accidents on bases
John Ringle 11/13/10
(Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering at Oregon State University, "Reintroduction of reactors in US a major win", robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/reintroduction-of-reactors-in-us-a-major-win/) Small nuclear reactors will probably be the¶ mechanism that ushers in nuclear power’s¶
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¶ successfully and safely by the Navy in submarines¶ and aircraft carriers. |
| 6 | 02/23/2013 | Tournament: D3 | Round: 3 | Opponent: KCKCC MR | Judge: The Las Brisas suit is the test case for the NSPS – the EPA is pressuring to have the suit thrown out
Patricia T. Barmeyer Sept 12
(partner in King %26 Spalding’s Atlanta office and the head of the firm’s environmental practice. She joined the firm in 1990 after working on environmental and natural resource cases for 17 years in the office of the Attorney General of the State of Georgia. At King %26 Spalding Ms. Barmeyer has concentrated her practice in environmental litigation in the areas of water, waste, and air; "EPA’s Rules Affecting the U.S. Power Sector; Taking On EPA’s Rules Effectively Banning New Coal-Fired Generation," http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html-http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html) Finally, the developers of new coal-fired EGUs and the Utility Air Regulatory Group have challenged EPA’s GHG NSPS in the D.C. Circuit. Their petitions have been consolidated in the case, Las Brisas Energy Center, LLC v. EPA, No. 12-1248 (D.C. Cir. filed June 11, 2012). EPA and others have filed motions asking the court to dismiss these challenges. Briefing on the motions to dismiss is ongoing, and the challenges remain pending at this time. DC Circuit must rule on Las Brisas because the NSPS became effective when it was proposed – exempting coal is key to create source-specific emissions limits under Clean Air Act precedent – full enforcement happens April 13th
EnergyWashington Week 8/22/12
("UTILITIES URGE APPEALS COURT TO EXEMPT COAL PLANTS FROM CLIMATE NSPS," LN) Utilities are urging a federal appeals court to declare that EPA’s proposed new source performance
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A final NSPS is typically due one year from the date of proposal. Next, the Mercury and Air Toxins Standard –White Stallion is the test case for the MACT – the EPA has put the MACT under review to delay DC’s ruling and short-circuit the industry by generating uncertainty about the status of the regulations
Patricia T. Barmeyer Sept 12
(partner in King %26 Spalding’s Atlanta office and the head of the firm’s environmental practice. She joined the firm in 1990 after working on environmental and natural resource cases for 17 years in the office of the Attorney General of the State of Georgia. At King %26 Spalding Ms. Barmeyer has concentrated her practice in environmental litigation in the areas of water, waste, and air; "EPA’s Rules Affecting the U.S. Power Sector; Taking On EPA’s Rules Effectively Banning New Coal-Fired Generation," http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html) The MATS Rule has met with vigorous opposition from the coal-fired energy sector
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rulemaking efforts and comment on any proposal EPA issues at the appropriate time. The MACT review is just a show – it will make the act legally bulletproof
Tamar Hallerman 7/27/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "EPA TO RECONSIDER SOME TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF MATS RULE FOR NEW POWER PLANTS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/epa-to-reconsider-some-technical-aspects-of-mats-rule-for-new-power-plants/-http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/epa-to-reconsider-some-technical-aspects-of-mats-rule-for-new-power-plants/?mobileFormat=true) Scott Segal, director of the Electric Reliability Coordinating Council, a group of utilities
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standards for existing sources, and that’s the big deal in the rule." DC just rejected White Stallion’s request for an expedited hearing – the industry will have to wait until the MACT is enacted to fight it
Kyle Danish, et. al. 1/16/13
(Shelley Fidler, Tracy Nagelbush, Erin Bartlett, and Ilan Gutherz; VanNess Feldman, a legal and consulting group specializing in energy, environment, land-use and regulatory law; "Climate, Energy, %26 Air Weekly Update - January 1-15, 2013," http://www.vnf.com/news-alerts-791.html) D.C. Circuit Rejects Industry Requests for Deadline in Utility MATS Rulemaking.
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, which had been put on hold while EPA’s reconsideration rulemaking is underway. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit should rule that coal-fired power plants are exempt from the New Source Performance Standard for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in both Las Brisas Energy Center LLC v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, et. al. and White Stallion Energy Center, LLC v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, et. al. DC Circuit just upheld EPA’s reading of Massachusetts v. EPA for a different regulation – paves the way for regulatory deference in the future
Hogan Lovells 6/28/12
(Global legal practice that helps corporations, financial institutions, and governmental entities, "D.C. Circuit has upheld EPA’s greenhouse gas rules," http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e3284f37-aaea-49a6-a9c5-334ee27a4665) This update briefly summarizes the D.C. Circuit’s per curiam decision upholding EPA’s
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Title II mobile source provisions of the CAA (the "Tailpipe Rule"). But, it was a technicality – failure to reverse ensures EPA can set GHG standards for everything under the CAA
Hogan Lovells 6/28/12
(Global legal practice that helps corporations, financial institutions, and governmental entities, "D.C. Circuit has upheld EPA’s greenhouse gas rules," http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e3284f37-aaea-49a6-a9c5-334ee27a4665) The D.C. Circuit dismissed the petitions challenging the Timing and Tailoring rules
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alter its approach in light of the D.C. Circuit’s opinion. Reversing the Massachusetts interpretation is key to counter de facto deference to the EPA
Peter Glaser 6/27/12
(lawyer specializing in energy and climate policy, "Attorney Peter Glaser’s "Morning After" Reflections on the D.C. Circuit Court GHG Decision," http://www.globalwarming.org/2012/06/27/attorney-peter-glasers-morning-after-reflections-on-the-d-c-circuit-court-ghg-decision/-http://www.globalwarming.org/2012/06/27/attorney-peter-glasers-morning-after-reflections-on-the-d-c-circuit-court-ghg-decision/) Despite the disappointing decision yesterday, it would be well to remember that the real
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one of its great competitive strengths – abundant domestic supplies of fossil fuels. The EPA budget is fluid but Clean Air Act GHG permitting is explicitly un-funded forcing trade-offs with environmental policy grants – reversing Massachusetts key
Robert Esworthy et. al. 9/6/12
(*Coordinator, Specialist in Environmental Policy; David M. Bearden, Specialist in Environmental Policy; Mary Tiemann, Specialist in Environmental Policy; Claudia Copeland, Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy; James E. McCarthy, Specialist in Environmental Policy; Jane A. Leggett, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy; "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Appropriations for FY2013," https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42520.pdf)
*EPM = Environmental Programs and Management More broadly, in its report the House committee expressed skepticism with regard to the
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the potential costs of compliance and the ¶ economic impacts of such regulations. Specifically, the NSPS isn’t funded
Robert Esworthy et. al. 9/6/12
(*Coordinator, Specialist in Environmental Policy; David M. Bearden, Specialist in Environmental Policy; Mary Tiemann, Specialist in Environmental Policy; Claudia Copeland, Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy; James E. McCarthy, Specialist in Environmental Policy; Jane A. Leggett, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy; "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Appropriations for FY2013," https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42520.pdf) - EPM = Environmental Programs and Management
In its report on H.R. 6091, the House Appropriations Committee specified
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congressional letters, informal questions, and ¶ questions for the record.¶ 30 Funds come from Clean Air Act Section 103 grants – key to solve science diplomacy, international tensions and hot-spot escalation
Andrew Light 9/11/12
(Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress Action Fund, Associate Director, Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, George Mason University; "House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and Power Subcommittee Hearing; "Accountability in Grants Act of 2012"," LN) Throughout the last section of this testimony I have made a brief case for the
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agricultural productivity around the world, including in the U.S. n13 Continued support for science diplomacy solves great power war and disease
Pickering et al, 10
(THOMAS R. -ov president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, undersecretary of state from 1997-2000 and chairs the advisory council of the Civilian Research and Development Foundation. Agre, a Nobel laureate, is a physician and director of the Malaria Research Institute at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, PETER AGRE, "Science diplomacy aids conflict reduction" http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/feb/20/science-diplomacy-aids-conflict-reduction/, 7/27/10) Over two foggy days in April, a group of high-ranking Chinese science
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be crucial to finding solutions both to global problems and to global conflict. Diseases ensure extinction
Yu 9
Victoria Yu, Dartmouth Journal of Undergraduate Science, "Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate", 5-22-09 http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, humans have indeed
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could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10). 103 grants are key to ensure sustainable development of Indonesian peatlands – collapse kills tropical rainforests and causes extinction
Andrew Light 9/11/12
(Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress Action Fund, Associate Director, Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, George Mason University; "House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and Power Subcommittee Hearing; "Accountability in Grants Act of 2012,"," LN) Section 103 supports investments that improve air quality and reduce oil consumption ¶ by limiting
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we can help our mutual interests by encouraging sustainable development of this resource. Collapses rhino populations
Ellie Brown and Michael F. Jacobson May 5
(*Wildlife ecologist, Ph.D.; Executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest; "CRUEL OIL How Palm Oil Harms Health, Rainforest %26 Wildlife," http://www.cspinet.org/palm/PalmOilReport.pdf) Most subpopulations of the Sumatran rhino are now¶ isolated and small, composed of
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, the elephants lost their habitat to an oil¶ palm plantation.¶ 102 Sumatran rhinos are a keystone species – spills over to overall habitat loss
Cheyenne Mountain Zoo 4/6/10
("Why Would We Be Bowling for Rhinos?" cheyennemountainzooblog.blogspot.com/2010/04/why-would-we-be-bowling-for-rhinos.html) Only 5 rhino species exist today when once there were over 100 distinct species.
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Saving these habitats protect many other endangered species as well as rhinos. Biodiversity loss snowballs – extinction
Daily Nexus 5/22/12
(Sruthi Nair, "Decline in Bio-diversity may lead to mass extinction" http://www.dailynexus.com/2012-05-22/decline-biodiversity-lead-mass-extinction/-http://www.dailynexus.com/2012-05-22/decline-biodiversity-lead-mass-extinction/) Third-year environmental studies major Alyssa Hall said because of the interconnected and complex
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we discover how the beautiful complexity of nature shapes the world around us." MACT forces coal plants to either close or shut down to install upgrades before substitutes can be built – ensures cascading blackouts
Scott Segal 6/25/12
(Electricity Reliability Coordinating Council Director; "ERCC Comments Submitted to EPA on the New Source Performance Standards for Power Plant Carbon Emissions," www.electricreliability.org/ercc-comments-submitted-epa-new-source-performance-standards-power-plant-carbon-emissions) Given the regulatory uncertainty related to future EPA regulations on a wide variety of energy
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needs to carefully consider reliability concerns before moving forward with the proposed rule. No new coal plants – plan only gives time for upgrade installation and prevents a quick transition that the market can’t support yet
Marlo Lewis 6/26/12
(Senior Fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, where he writes on global warming, energy policy, and other public policy issues. Prior to joining CEI in April 2002, he served as Director of External Relations at the Reason Foundation in Los Angeles, California. During the 106th Congress, Marlo served as Staff Director of the House Government Reform Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs; "Pandora’s NAAQS: CEI Comments on U.S. EPA’s ’Carbon Pollution Standard’," http://www.masterresource.org/2012/06/pandoras-naaqs-cei-comments-on-u-s-epas-carbon-pollution-standard/) (4) The Carbon Pollution Standard has no monetized costs or benefits.¶ The
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Standard that will not reduce CO2 emissions or achieve any measurable climate benefit? No grid defense – even small shutdowns risk cascades because no one did an impact study
Peter Glaser 5/31/12
(partner in the Washington, D.C. office of the law firm of Troutman Sanders LLP; "ADMINISTRATION ENERGY POLICIES; COMMITTEE: HOUSE OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM," LN) The wave of retirements caused by EPA’s rules - combined with the fact that most
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area constraints, and transmission deliverability." Yet this study was never done. Extinction
Marlo Lewis 6/25/8
(Senior Fellow Competitive Enterprise Institute, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, http://cei.org/cei_files/fm/active/0/Statement%2520of%2520Marlo%2520Lewis.pdf) Notice what they leave out. The report does not consider whether climate change policy
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System—it is because companies and/or governments are cheating.21 The DC Court’s analysis of evidence would default to the EPA in the status quo – the plan provides a basis for overturning the regs that the EPA is locked out of countering
Gotshal et. al. 11
(Michael J. Lyle, Heath P. Tarbert, Sunny Thompson; lawyers for Weil, Gotshal %26 Manges LLP; http://www.metrocorpcounsel.com/articles/15041/dodd-frank-one-year-later-primer-federal-rulemaking-process-http://www.metrocorpcounsel.com/articles/15041/dodd-frank-one-year-later-primer-federal-rulemaking-process) Because a factual record is developed during the administrative law hearings deciding the propriety of
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rule, the court might remand the final rule for further consideration.73 No turns – the industry realizes regulation is inevitable – plan allows them to negotiate a reasonable compliance schedule
Jim Efstathiou Jr. and Mark Drajem 2/3/13
(Bloomberg; "Coal-burning utilities seek a role in EPA rule-making on greenhouse gas emissions," http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-02-03/business/36728791_1_coal-producers-hal-quinn-power-plants) Lobbyists for coal-burning utilities such as Southern Co. and Duke Energy are
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with overly stringent regulations that will further impede that recovery," Akins said. |
| 03/24/2013 | Tournament: CEDA | Round: 7 | Opponent: MoSt BR | Judge: The Las Brisas suit is the test case for the NSPS – the EPA is pressuring to have the suit thrown out
Patricia T. Barmeyer Sept 12
(partner in King %26 Spalding’s Atlanta office and the head of the firm’s environmental practice. She joined the firm in 1990 after working on environmental and natural resource cases for 17 years in the office of the Attorney General of the State of Georgia. At King %26 Spalding Ms. Barmeyer has concentrated her practice in environmental litigation in the areas of water, waste, and air; "EPA’s Rules Affecting the U.S. Power Sector; Taking On EPA’s Rules Effectively Banning New Coal-Fired Generation," http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html-http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html) Finally, the developers of new coal-fired
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ongoing, and the challenges remain pending at this time.
DC Circuit must rule on Las Brisas because the NSPS became effective when it was proposed – exempting coal is key to create source-specific emissions limits under Clean Air Act precedent – full enforcement happens April 13th
EnergyWashington Week 8/22/12
("UTILITIES URGE APPEALS COURT TO EXEMPT COAL PLANTS FROM CLIMATE NSPS," LN) Utilities are urging a federal appeals court to declare that EPA’s proposed new source performance
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A final NSPS is typically due one year from the date of proposal.
Next, the Mercury and Air Toxins Standard –
White Stallion is the test case for the MACT – the EPA has put the MACT under review to delay DC’s ruling and short-circuit the industry by generating uncertainty about the status of the regulations
Patricia T. Barmeyer Sept 12
(partner in King %26 Spalding’s Atlanta office and the head of the firm’s environmental practice. She joined the firm in 1990 after working on environmental and natural resource cases for 17 years in the office of the Attorney General of the State of Georgia. At King %26 Spalding Ms. Barmeyer has concentrated her practice in environmental litigation in the areas of water, waste, and air; "EPA’s Rules Affecting the U.S. Power Sector; Taking On EPA’s Rules Effectively Banning New Coal-Fired Generation," http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html) The MATS Rule has met with vigorous opposition from the coal-fired energy sector
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rulemaking efforts and comment on any proposal EPA issues at the appropriate time. The MACT review is just a show – it will make the act legally bulletproof
Tamar Hallerman 7/27/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "EPA TO RECONSIDER SOME TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF MATS RULE FOR NEW POWER PLANTS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/epa-to-reconsider-some-technical-aspects-of-mats-rule-for-new-power-plants/-http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/epa-to-reconsider-some-technical-aspects-of-mats-rule-for-new-power-plants/?mobileFormat=true) Scott Segal, director of the Electric Reliability Coordinating Council, a group of utilities
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standards for existing sources, and that’s the big deal in the rule."
DC just rejected White Stallion’s request for an expedited hearing – the industry will have to wait until the MACT is enacted to fight it
Kyle Danish, et. al. 1/16/13
(Shelley Fidler, Tracy Nagelbush, Erin Bartlett, and Ilan Gutherz; VanNess Feldman, a legal and consulting group specializing in energy, environment, land-use and regulatory law; "Climate, Energy, %26 Air Weekly Update - January 1-15, 2013," http://www.vnf.com/news-alerts-791.html) D.C. Circuit Rejects Industry Requests for Deadline in Utility MATS Rulemaking.
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, which had been put on hold while EPA’s reconsideration rulemaking is underway. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit should rule that coal-fired power plants are exempt from the New Source Performance Standard for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in both Las Brisas Energy Center LLC v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, et. al. and White Stallion Energy Center, LLC v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, et. al. NSPS creates a precedent for EPA using Massachusetts v. EPA in the context of CO2 – the aff is key to narrow Massachusetts
Marlo Lewis 6/25/12
(Senior Fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, where he writes on global warming, energy policy, and other public policy issues. Prior to joining CEI in April 2002, he served as Director of External Relations at the Reason Foundation in Los Angeles, California. During the 106th Congress, Marlo served as Staff Director of the House Government Reform Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs; "EPA’s Carbon Pollution Standard — One Step Closer to Policy Disaster," http://www.globalwarming.org/2012/06/25/epas-carbon-pollution-standard-one-step-closer-to-policy-disaster/) Today (June 25th) is the deadline for submitting comments on the EPA’s proposed
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approved and would reject if proposed in legislation and put to a vote.
That Massachusetts precedent overburdens EPA permitting and enforcement capabilities – plan key to narrow CAA jurisdiction
Marlo Lewis 6/1/10
(Senior Fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, where he writes on global warming, energy policy, and other public policy issues. Prior to joining CEI in April 2002, he served as Director of External Relations at the Reason Foundation in Los Angeles, California. During the 106th Congress, Marlo served as Staff Director of the House Government Reform Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs; "EPA Endangerment Showdown: Should Congress Heed Russell Train’s Advice?," http://www.masterresource.org/2010/06/epa-endangerment-showdown-rt-advice/-http://www.masterresource.org/2010/06/epa-endangerment-showdown-rt-advice/) Mass. v. EPA: Is the Court Infallible?¶ Train also cites the
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in the statute. The other is that the court misread the statute.
We’ll call it "bureaucratic Armageddon" – the EPA does
Marlo Lewis 1/1/11
(Senior Fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, where he writes on global warming, energy policy, and other public policy issues. Prior to joining CEI in April 2002, he served as Director of External Relations at the Reason Foundation in Los Angeles, California. During the 106th Congress, Marlo served as Staff Director of the House Government Reform Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs; "The Environmental Protection Agency’s End-Run Around Democracy," http://pjmedia.com/blog/the-environmental-protection-agency%E2%80%99s-end-run-around-democracy/) Strong acknowledges that applying CAA permitting requirements to greenhouse gases would produce an administrative "
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in 1970, nor when it amended the statute in 1977 and 1990. NPDES permit enforcement is the key check on invasive marine species – EPA is the key actor that monitors
Washington State Department of Ecology 5/5/10
("FACT SHEET FOR THE AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT NPDES GENERAL PERMIT," http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/pesticides/InvasiveSpecies/Issue2011/AISGPfactsheet050510.pdf) This fact sheet is a companion document to the draft
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harm ¶ to the environment. (http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/lfra.html).
Scenario 1 is wetlands
Permits check invasive species like zebra mussels that quickly collapse wetland biodiversity
Washington State Department of Ecology 5/5/10
("FACT SHEET FOR THE AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT NPDES GENERAL PERMIT," http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/pesticides/InvasiveSpecies/Issue2011/AISGPfactsheet050510.pdf) AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES
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North America, and Australia."
Marine monocultures will uniquely destabilize US wetlands – they’re key bastions of biodiversity that avert quick extinction – default to protect them in every instance
Craig 3
(Robin Kundis Craig, Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, 2k3 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155) Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they
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- even if a few fishers go out of business as a result.
Scenario 2 is meltdowns
Zebra mussels clog nuclear plant water pipes and compromise cooling systems – robust monitoring capabilities key
NOAA no date
(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Zebra and quagga mussels fact sheet," http://www.habitat.noaa.gov/pdf/best_management_practices/fact_sheets/Zebra%20and%20Quagga%20mussels%20Factsheet.pdf) Zebra and quagga mussels are small mollusks native to the waters of Europe ¶ and
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or recreational watercraft entity and their ¶ partners for the next five years. Meltdowns from cooling failure cause extinction
Stephen Lendman 3/13/11
(Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan," http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan) Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused %24100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event. There are no new coal plants on the horizon – the MACT and NSPS only makes upgrade financing impossible while eliminating status quo support for CCS commercialization – the plan is key to statutory stability
Scott Segal 6/25/12
(Electricity Reliability Coordinating Council Director; "ERCC Comments Submitted to EPA on the New Source Performance Standards for Power Plant Carbon Emissions," www.electricreliability.org/ercc-comments-submitted-epa-new-source-performance-standards-power-plant-carbon-emissions) The current status of CCS technology is of particular concern to ERCC due to the
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uncertain, as are the jobs and other benefits associated with these projects.
Reducing risk is the biggest internal link to adoption – pushes CCS over initial hurdles and makes it cheap
Rai et al. 10
former Research Fellow in the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development at Stanford University (
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, Issue 8, pp. 4089-4098, p. ScienceDirect) 4. Selection of industrial analogs to CCS As mentioned above, we have chosen
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Finally, we will consider the lessons that may be drawn for CCS.
The EPA regulations prevent US from developing and demonstrating CCS – US leadership ensures a reduction strategy that can truly be modeled globally
Syd S. Peng 2/16/13
(Charles E. Lawall Chair in Mining Engineering Emeritus at West Virginia University; "Syd S. Peng: U.S. must capitalize on coal, nuclear knowledge," http://wvgazette.com/Opinion/OpEdCommentaries/201302150152) With its ambitious plans for promoting energy efficiency and expanding the use of renewable energy
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way to satisfy the world’s enormous energy needs while lessening their side effects.
Warming is real, anthropogenic, and by far the largest risk of extinction
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2") Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Current emission trend is unsustainable – must phase in cuts within the next two decades to prevent the worst impacts
Antholis and Talbott 10 – Director and President @ Brookings
William Antholis, managing director of the Brookings Institution and a senior fellow in Governance Studies, former director of studies at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and Strobe Talbott, president of the Brookings Institution, deputy Sec. of State under Clinton, "The Global Warming Tipping Point," The Globalist, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523-http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523 Moreover, we need to start reductions now in order to slow temperature rise later
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not burn fossil fuels and therefore do not pump CO2 into the atmosphere. The DC Court’s analysis of evidence would default to the EPA in the status quo – the plan provides a basis for overturning the regs that the EPA is locked out of countering
Gotshal et. al. 11
(Michael J. Lyle, Heath P. Tarbert, Sunny Thompson; lawyers for Weil, Gotshal %26 Manges LLP; http://www.metrocorpcounsel.com/articles/15041/dodd-frank-one-year-later-primer-federal-rulemaking-process-http://www.metrocorpcounsel.com/articles/15041/dodd-frank-one-year-later-primer-federal-rulemaking-process) Because a factual record is developed during the administrative law hearings deciding the propriety of
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rule, the court might remand the final rule for further consideration.73
The industry realizes regulation is inevitable – plan allows them to negotiate a reasonable compliance schedule
Jim Efstathiou Jr. and Mark Drajem 2/3/13
(Bloomberg; "Coal-burning utilities seek a role in EPA rule-making on greenhouse gas emissions," http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-02-03/business/36728791_1_coal-producers-hal-quinn-power-plants) Lobbyists for coal-burning utilities such as Southern Co. and Duke Energy are
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with overly stringent regulations that will further impede that recovery," Akins said. Err aff on probability – risk of major war is almost ZERO due to interdependence and changes in paradigm
Christopher Fettweis 6
(National Security Decision Making Department, US Naval War College; "A Revolution in International Relation Theory: Or, What If Mueller Is Right?" International Studies Review (2006) 8, 677–697) The obsolescence-of-major-war argument is familiar enough to need little
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follow from any of this, especially major wars. States can compete in
<CONTINUES> <CONTINUED>
nonviolent ways, addressing the logic of war with the grammar of commerce, to
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, perhaps scholars should ask why anyone should believe that it could not. No nuclear great power war – deterrence and intervening actors
Jonathan Tepperman 9
(Deputy Editor at Newsweek, frmr Deputy Managing Editor, Foreign Affairs. LLM, i-law, NYU. MA, jurisprudence, Oxford; "Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb," http://jonathantepperman.com/Welcome_files/nukes_Final.pdf-http://jonathantepperman.com/Welcome_files/nukes_Final.pdf) The argument that nuclear weapons can be agents of peace as well as destruction rests
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leaders in each country did what they had to do to avoid it. No miscalc
Sir Michael Quinlan ’9
(Visiting professor at King’s College London, Permanent Under-Secretary at the Ministry of Defence and former senior fellow at the International Institute of Strategic Studies; "Thinking About Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects," Oxford University Press) One special form of miscalculation appeared sporadically in the speculations of academic commentators, though
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if necessary—that there was no misinterpretation of its conventionally armed launch. |
| 03/25/2013 | Tournament: CEDA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: OU BC | Judge: The Las Brisas suit is the test case for the NSPS – the EPA is pressuring to have the suit thrown out
Patricia T. Barmeyer Sept 12
(partner in King %26 Spalding’s Atlanta office and the head of the firm’s environmental practice. She joined the firm in 1990 after working on environmental and natural resource cases for 17 years in the office of the Attorney General of the State of Georgia. At King %26 Spalding Ms. Barmeyer has concentrated her practice in environmental litigation in the areas of water, waste, and air; "EPA’s Rules Affecting the U.S. Power Sector; Taking On EPA’s Rules Effectively Banning New Coal-Fired Generation," http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html-http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html) Finally, the developers of new coal-fired EGUs and
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and the challenges remain pending at this time. DC Circuit must rule on Las Brisas because the NSPS became effective when it was proposed – exempting coal is key to create source-specific emissions limits under Clean Air Act precedent – full enforcement happens April 13th
EnergyWashington Week 8/22/12
("UTILITIES URGE APPEALS COURT TO EXEMPT COAL PLANTS FROM CLIMATE NSPS," LN) Utilities are urging a federal appeals court to declare that EPA’s proposed new source performance
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A final NSPS is typically due one year from the date of proposal. Next, the Mercury and Air Toxins Standard –White Stallion is the test case for the MACT – the EPA has put the MACT under review to delay DC’s ruling and short-circuit the industry by generating uncertainty about the status of the regulations
Patricia T. Barmeyer Sept 12
(partner in King %26 Spalding’s Atlanta office and the head of the firm’s environmental practice. She joined the firm in 1990 after working on environmental and natural resource cases for 17 years in the office of the Attorney General of the State of Georgia. At King %26 Spalding Ms. Barmeyer has concentrated her practice in environmental litigation in the areas of water, waste, and air; "EPA’s Rules Affecting the U.S. Power Sector; Taking On EPA’s Rules Effectively Banning New Coal-Fired Generation," http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2012/September/article1.html) The MATS Rule has met with vigorous opposition from the coal-fired energy sector
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rulemaking efforts and comment on any proposal EPA issues at the appropriate time. The MACT review is just a show – it will make the act legally bulletproof
Tamar Hallerman 7/27/12
(reporter at the GHG Reduction Technologies Monitor, "EPA TO RECONSIDER SOME TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF MATS RULE FOR NEW POWER PLANTS," http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/epa-to-reconsider-some-technical-aspects-of-mats-rule-for-new-power-plants/-http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/epa-to-reconsider-some-technical-aspects-of-mats-rule-for-new-power-plants/?mobileFormat=true) Scott Segal, director of the Electric Reliability Coordinating Council, a group of utilities
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standards for existing sources, and that’s the big deal in the rule." DC just rejected White Stallion’s request for an expedited hearing – the industry will have to wait until the MACT is enacted to fight it
Kyle Danish, et. al. 1/16/13
(Shelley Fidler, Tracy Nagelbush, Erin Bartlett, and Ilan Gutherz; VanNess Feldman, a legal and consulting group specializing in energy, environment, land-use and regulatory law; "Climate, Energy, %26 Air Weekly Update - January 1-15, 2013," http://www.vnf.com/news-alerts-791.html) D.C. Circuit Rejects Industry Requests for Deadline in Utility MATS Rulemaking.
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, which had been put on hold while EPA’s reconsideration rulemaking is underway. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit should rule that coal-fired power plants are exempt from the New Source Performance Standard for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in both Las Brisas Energy Center LLC v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, et. al. and White Stallion Energy Center, LLC v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, et. al. There are no new coal plants on the horizon – the MACT and NSPS only makes upgrade financing impossible while eliminating status quo support for CCS commercialization – the plan is key to statutory stability
Scott Segal 6/25/12
(Electricity Reliability Coordinating Council Director; "ERCC Comments Submitted to EPA on the New Source Performance Standards for Power Plant Carbon Emissions," www.electricreliability.org/ercc-comments-submitted-epa-new-source-performance-standards-power-plant-carbon-emissions) The current status of CCS technology is of particular concern to ERCC due to the
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uncertain, as are the jobs and other benefits associated with these projects. Global coal inevitable – exporting a safe model is key to solve warming – US demonstration and development of CCS key
Syd S. Peng 2/16/13
(Charles E. Lawall Chair in Mining Engineering Emeritus at West Virginia University; "Syd S. Peng: U.S. must capitalize on coal, nuclear knowledge," http://wvgazette.com/Opinion/OpEdCommentaries/201302150152) With its ambitious plans for promoting energy efficiency and expanding the use of renewable energy
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way to satisfy the world’s enormous energy needs while lessening their side effects. Reducing risk is the biggest internal link to adoption – pushes CCS over initial hurdles and makes it cheap
Rai et al. 10
former Research Fellow in the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development at Stanford University (
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, Issue 8, pp. 4089-4098, p. ScienceDirect) 4. Selection of industrial analogs to CCS As mentioned above, we have chosen
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Finally, we will consider the lessons that may be drawn for CCS. Warming is real, anthropogenic, and by far the largest risk of extinction
Deibel ’7
(Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2") Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Warming is real and human induced – must begin to cut within 20 years to have any chance of solving the worst impacts
Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD
Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, "CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA’S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS," CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis In early 2007, at the time of the publication of WG1 of AR4,
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next five to ten years, reaching near zero well within this century. Current emission trend is unsustainable – must phase in cuts within the next two decades to prevent the worst impacts
Antholis and Talbott 10 – Director and President @ Brookings
William Antholis, managing director of the Brookings Institution and a senior fellow in Governance Studies, former director of studies at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and Strobe Talbott, president of the Brookings Institution, deputy Sec. of State under Clinton, "The Global Warming Tipping Point," The Globalist, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523-http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8523 Moreover, we need to start reductions now in order to slow temperature rise later
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not burn fossil fuels and therefore do not pump CO2 into the atmosphere. DC Circuit recently ruled for EPA’s reading of Clean Air Act authority but it was a technicality stating that the plaintiff had no "standing" – failure to reverse this ensures EPA will massively expand its authority
Hogan Lovells 6/28/12
(Global legal practice that helps corporations, financial institutions, and governmental entities, "D.C. Circuit has upheld EPA’s greenhouse gas rules," http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e3284f37-aaea-49a6-a9c5-334ee27a4665) The D.C. Circuit dismissed the petitions challenging the Timing and Tailoring rules
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alter its approach in light of the D.C. Circuit’s opinion. This was based on EPA’s reading of Massachusetts v. EPA – paves the way for regulatory deference in the future
Hogan Lovells 6/28/12
(Global legal practice that helps corporations, financial institutions, and governmental entities, "D.C. Circuit has upheld EPA’s greenhouse gas rules," http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e3284f37-aaea-49a6-a9c5-334ee27a4665) This update briefly summarizes the D.C. Circuit’s per curiam decision upholding EPA’s
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Title II mobile source provisions of the CAA (the "Tailpipe Rule"). Most recently, DC refused to expedite White Stallion v. EPA on "standing" grounds – they will have to wait until the MACT is enacted to fight it
Kyle Danish, et. al. 1/16/13
(Shelley Fidler, Tracy Nagelbush, Erin Bartlett, and Ilan Gutherz; VanNess Feldman, a legal and consulting group specializing in energy, environment, land-use and regulatory law; "Climate, Energy, %26 Air Weekly Update - January 1-15, 2013," http://www.vnf.com/news-alerts-791.html) D.C. Circuit Rejects Industry Requests for Deadline in Utility MATS Rulemaking.
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, which had been put on hold while EPA’s reconsideration rulemaking is underway. The MACT requires unachievable tech, thus violating the CAA – there are no new coal plants being built but regulation makes upgrade financing impossible – the plan is key to statutory stability – prefer our evidence from the White Stallion case
William L. Wehrum et. al. 8/3/12
(*Hunton %26 Williams LLP; Michael B. Wigmore and Sandra P. Franco, Bingham McCutchen LLP; Brent A. Rosser, Hunton %26 Williams LLP; "BRIEF OF INDUSTRY AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS," http://www.nam.org/~~/media/2AA72BFA88F74E1B881D5BB46465B765/White_Stallion_Energy_Center_v_EPA_brief_08032012.pdf) III. EPA’s Unlawful Floor-Setting Methodology Has
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is "achieved in practice." Citizen suits under the CAA are empirically effective but expansion into GHG regulation means the Massachusetts holding makes it impossible to (a) sue the EPA for not following the CAA properly OR (b) sue violators of EPA standards – a DC Court decision giving standing to citizens is key to limit EPA to reasonable regulatory responsibilities
Wyatt Sassman Autumn 10
(JD student at Vanderbilt, BS in political science from Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt Law’s Legal Aid Society public interest opportunities director; "Struggling to Adapt: Climate Change, the Clean Air Act and Citizen Suit Standing," http://students.washington.edu/wulr/archive/Fall_2010/Sassman.pdf)
Since its original inclusion in the 1970 Clean Air Act (CAA), the citizen
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against the climate change at a time when citizen suits are most needed. EPA regulation of GHGs under the CAA without citizen suits ensures regulatory breakdown at the national and local level – only courts solve
Wyatt Sassman Autumn 10
(JD student at Vanderbilt, BS in political science from Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt Law’s Legal Aid Society public interest opportunities director; "Struggling to Adapt: Climate Change, the Clean Air Act and Citizen Suit Standing," http://students.washington.edu/wulr/archive/Fall_2010/Sassman.pdf) Key to this expansion of the CAA would be EPA’s responsibility for disseminating and enforcing
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so than ever before, only further emphasizing the need for citizen suits. Continued effectiveness for status quo regulations is only possible if citizen suits can focus EPA’s resources – plan action is key and doesn’t clog the courts
Wyatt Sassman Autumn 10
(JD student at Vanderbilt, BS in political science from Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt Law’s Legal Aid Society public interest opportunities director; "Struggling to Adapt: Climate Change, the Clean Air Act and Citizen Suit Standing," http://students.washington.edu/wulr/archive/Fall_2010/Sassman.pdf) Citizen suits are an essential part of the enforcement of our nation’s environmental statutes.
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introduce this essential pillar of environmental enforcement to our nation’s climate change policy. Also kills local climate adaptation and buy-in
Wyatt Sassman Autumn 10
(JD student at Vanderbilt, BS in political science from Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt Law’s Legal Aid Society public interest opportunities director; "Struggling to Adapt: Climate Change, the Clean Air Act and Citizen Suit Standing," http://students.washington.edu/wulr/archive/Fall_2010/Sassman.pdf) Climate change creates a number of problems for the United States. Shifting weather patterns
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standing and reopen private enforcement actions to the harms associated with climate change. The cumulative impact of warming is determined by adaptive capacity, vulnerability and resilience – successful adaptation overcomes insufficient CO2 reduction but de-centralized control is key
Morris et. al. 11
(Daniel F. Morris, Center Fellow, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Molly K. Macauley, Research Director and Senior Fellow; Raymond J. Kopp, Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Richard D. Morgenstern, Senior Fellow; "Reforming institutions and managing extremes U.S. Policy approaches for adapting to a Changing Climate," http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming-%20Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf-http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming- Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf)
Embedded within the concept of adaptation are several other important terms. Adaptive capacity refers
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from the adaptation literature that helped inform the research conducted for this study. *Shifting toward adaptation prevents climate effects that will only increase in magnitude and probability with inaction – mitigation ensures action is too late to prevent extinction
Morris et. al. 11
(Daniel F. Morris, Center Fellow, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Molly K. Macauley, Research Director and Senior Fellow; Raymond J. Kopp, Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy; Richard D. Morgenstern, Senior Fellow; "Reforming institutions and managing extremes U.S. Policy approaches for adapting to a Changing Climate," http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming-%20Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf-http://serppas.org/Files/Climate/RFF-Rpt-Reforming- Inst-Managing-Extremes.pdf) - Many climate-related impacts are not new. Effects that already manifest
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new policy approaches to address the probability of extreme and possibly costly events.
The DC Court’s analysis of evidence would default to the EPA in the status quo – the plan provides a basis for overturning the regs that the EPA is locked out of countering
Gotshal et. al. 11
(Michael J. Lyle, Heath P. Tarbert, Sunny Thompson; lawyers for Weil, Gotshal %26 Manges LLP; http://www.metrocorpcounsel.com/articles/15041/dodd-frank-one-year-later-primer-federal-rulemaking-process-http://www.metrocorpcounsel.com/articles/15041/dodd-frank-one-year-later-primer-federal-rulemaking-process) Because a factual record is developed during the administrative law hearings deciding the propriety of
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rule, the court might remand the final rule for further consideration.73 No turns – the industry realizes regulation is inevitable – plan allows them to negotiate a reasonable compliance schedule
Jim Efstathiou Jr. and Mark Drajem 2/3/13
(Bloomberg; "Coal-burning utilities seek a role in EPA rule-making on greenhouse gas emissions," http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-02-03/business/36728791_1_coal-producers-hal-quinn-power-plants) Lobbyists for coal-burning utilities such as Southern Co. and Duke Energy are
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with overly stringent regulations that will further impede that recovery," Akins said. |
