Tournament: UNI | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Capital-intensive, state directed alternative energy co-opts alternative lifestyles and counterculture possibilities into the corporate mainstream
Leigh Glover, PhD, Assistant Professor and CEEP Policy Fellow; 2006, "From love-ins to logos: charting the demise of renewable energy as a social movement", pp249-270.http:~/~/ceep.udel.edu/energy/publications/2006_es_love-ins_to_pdf||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; " JWu

Contemporary renewable energy… any absolute sense.

This massively consumerist alternative energy divides environmentalists, slows environmental gains, and props up exploitative capitalism 
Leigh Glover, PhD, Assistant Professor and CEEP Policy Fellow; 2006, "From love-ins to logos: charting the demise of renewable energy as a social movement", pp249-270.http:~/~/ceep.udel.edu/energy/publications/2006_es_love-ins_to_pdf||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; " JWu

Environmentalists divided over… renewable energy enterprises.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

“Sovereignty” is rooted in Westernized conceptions of power relations—as such, focusing the goal of Native politics on sovereignty is problematic when implemented in the framework of the state because it becomes a tool designed for the subjugation of Native peoples. Things like ‘alternative energy incentives’ simply loosen the leash while maintaining the falsehoods of current power relations
Alfred 99
Taiaiake Alfred, professor at the University of Victoria, Peace, Power, Righteousness: An Indigenous Manifesto, Oxford University Press, 1999.

To summarize the… than a betrayal.

The alternative is to deconstruct the mythologies of current Native-state power relations.

The alternative is the ideal method of Native empowerment—we should work to deconstruct the mythology surrounding state sovereignty over Natives rather than making “claims” against the state’s colonialist practice. Without interrogating the flaws in state power over Natives, colonialism will continue
Alfred 99
Taiaiake Alfred, professor at the University of Victoria, Peace, Power, Righteousness: An Indigenous Manifesto, Oxford University Press, 1999.

To argue on… claimants to failure.

Tournament: UN | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC

The 1AC is a paradigmatic example of humanist cultural criticism - this perpetuates speciesism and dooms them to failure
Deckha 6 – Maneesha, UC Hastings College of the Law
http:~/~/www.animallaw.info/articles/htm||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; "
Cultural critics have…non-human animals.

Speciesism makes possible "systematic beastilization," which justifies non-criminal putting to death of the Other - this is the root cause of all oppression.
Rossini 6 – Manuela, Postdoctoral Fellow at Amsterdam School for Cultural Analysis
Sept, “To the Dogs: Companion speciesism and the new feminist materialism,” Kritikos, Volume 3,http:~/~/intertheory.org/org/Rossini||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; "cn
What is equally… effects on animals.

The alternative is to vote negative to reject speciesism by critically reorienting ourselves against the 1AC. Our creation of a space for reflection is a key step in ending non-human oppression.
Williams 8 – Nancy, Philosopher at Wofford College
“Affected Ignorance and Animal Suffering” Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics (2008) 21:371-384
Epistemological and moral… subsequent animal suffering).

Tournament: UNI | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Interpretation: Incentives are contextually different from rules and regulations
Sam Schoofs, Calvin College, 2004, 6 August 2004 A federal Renewable Portfolio Standard: PolicyAnalysis and Proposal, http://www.wise-intern.org/ journal/2004/WISE2004-SamSchoofsFinalPaper.pdf.

Renewable Energy Policy… programs in place

Incentives are distinct from tax credits
Bingel, 04
- senior manager of state and local taxes with Smart and Associates LLP(Gary, “Getting to the STATE'SCAPITAL: Negotiating Business Incentives”, Pennsylvania CPA Journal. Summer, proquest)

When considering financial… preapproval or negotiation.

Tournament: UNI | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Turn: Wind Power increases CO2 emissions.
Ruth Lea, British political economist working in the financial sector. She has also worked as a civil servant, for the private-sector employer lobby group the Institute of Directors, policy research bodies, and in the media. January 2012 http:~/~/www.civitas.org.uk/economy/pdf||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; "

At first glance… at full power.  

Wind Turbines kill bats 

Leo Hickman is a features journalist and editor at the Guardian 2/27/2012http:~/~/www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/feb/27/uk/environment/2012/feb/27/wind-energy-myths-turbines-bats||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; "

Bats, despite their… research is still needed."

Wind Turbines kill bats central to ecosystems.
Randy LoBasso 5/23/12 http:~/~/www.philadelphiaweekly.com/news-and-opinion/152702125.html||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; "

Each year, an… the animated jungle.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Don’t buy their impacts—Every revealing simultaneously conceals, turning all their truth claims—Vote neg on presumption 

McWhorter 92 (Ladelle, Professor of Philosophy and Women’s Studies at Richmond, Heidegger and the earth: Essays in environmental philosophy, Thomas Jefferson University Press, pp. 4-5)

Every academic discipline...cannot be separated.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
topicality
A. Interpretation – The affirmative must affirm the topic instrumentally. The 1AC must include a topical plan that is only justified with a normative defense of federal government adoption of such a policy.  The ballot only declares that the resolution is either true or false.

The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters
Webster’s

United States Federal Government is the central government in Washington D.C.
West’s Legal Thesaurus/Dictionary. 1985

Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary – 2000 

B) Violation—the aff does not defend the United States federal government action – they use themselves as the sole actor of their advocacy

C) Vote negative
 

1.  Ground – Refusing to defend the implementation of the plan/resolution erases all predictable negative disad and case ground. We’ll never have evidence saying their specific advocacy of the plan is bad. This eliminates all of our offense since testing their method is key.
   
   2. Process impact – this is the only academic forum where we get education based on clash and competition. If we aren’t able to prepare in advance for affirmatives the round becomes a 2 hour conference presentation about whatever books and articles they are reading, This education o/w any content specific education because
          A) You can get content specific education in any other forum
          B) Without critical thinking skills developed through clash and competition we can’t effectively act on content-specific knowledge  
   English et al 7 

C) Without clash-based education we are likely to come to the wrong conclusions about the content b/c we don’t see both sides


3.  Extra Topicality –they skirt discussion of the plan’s merits by arguing the benefits derived from their advocacy outweigh. This is a voting issue because we’re forced to win framework just to get back to equal footing – extra topicality also proves the resolution insufficient and explodes aff ground.

4. Academic debate over energy policy facilitates deliberation and more effective decision-making---otherwise special interests poison neutrality—There is no discussion of the resolution within the 1AC guarantees the movement is co opted by special interest groups
Mitchell 10

D. Voting Issue – If we demonstrate the affirmative does not meet the best interpretation of the topic they have failed to justify the resolution and should be rejected. This is the best way to preserve competitive equity by ensuring predictable ground for the negative.

Data
A. EVALUATE COMPETING PREDICTIONS WITH THE FOLLOWING PROBABILITY CONDITION:

ONLY A CLAIM PLUS WARRANT PLUS STRONG DATA SHOULD BE GIVEN A DEFAULT NEAR 100%  PROBABILITY

STRONG DATA REQUIRES (1)LARGE SAMPLE SIZE, (2) EXPLICIT CITATION OF DATA (3) QUANTIFICATION OF RESEARCH METHODS

AFF DOESN'T MEET ANY OF OUR CRITERIA – ITS WEAK DATA

Rosekind 09 

B. VOTE NEG ON PRESUMPTION

ASSUME THE AFF HARMS, SOLVENCY, AND OTHER PREDICTIONS HAVE ZERO EFFECT UNLESS PROVEN WITH STRONG DATA

Zellner 07

Case vs towson 

Empirical studies have been done to uncover disproportionate exposure -- the results were inconclusive that minorities were overrepresented

Your Author Heiman ’96

The aff cherry picks the data ignoring geography as a factor

Your Author Heiman ’96

Inequality has a lot of proximal causes -- none of which the aff can solve

Your Author Heiman ’96

Environmental justice activism has to challenge pollution in the abstract -- not just how it effects certain communities

Your Author Heiman ’96

the environmental justice movement’s obsession with race is too narrow - short circuits solvency

Your Author Heiman ’96