Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
PLAN

The United States federal government should pass the topically relevant portions of the Native American Energy Act (H.R. 3973).
 
OBSERVATION 1 IS SELF-DETERMINATION
Current status quo policies towards energy production on native land squashes any hope of self-determination—FREIDEL 6
[“Who Will Profit From Native Energy?” Research from Ph.D. Candidates/ Students: Ioana Lupu, Mayra Madrigal at Sonoma State University, Dolly Freidel, Ph.D. / Professor of Geography and Global Studies at Sonoma State University, Published in LiP Magazine, June 5, 2006, Title: “Native Energy Futures,” http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/25-who-will-profit-from-native-energy/] 

Energy on Native American land is becoming big business. According to the Indigenous Environmental
AND
indebted to, the very industry currently driving the planet to its doom.

AND, Tribal leaders agree—the plan is the only way to increase tribal self-determination—GROEN 12
[Wilson, president and chief executive officer. Testimony on “The Native American Energy Act.” Before the sub-committee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs. February 15th, 2012.  Accessed August 10th, 2012]

The NNOGC fully supports
AND
a long way to achieve these objectives. 

However, action on the legislation is uncertain—FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION 12
[June 20, 2012. Native American Legislative update. One Step Closer to Energy Development in Indian Country. Accessed August 10, 2012]

Although House leadership expect
AND
future action on the Native American Energy Act is uncertain. 

Self-determination isn’t an all or nothing issue—It’s about the perpetual pursuit of freedom. Any other mindset justifies the continued exploitation of native peoples—SUAGEE 92
[Dean B. attorney, , SELF-DETERMINATION FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AT THE DAWN OF THE SOLAR AGE, University of Michigan Law Review, LexisNexis]  

In the controversy over the right to self-determination, many observers, both
AND
external self-determination, the absolutist view neglects internal self-determination. 

Lack of self-determination is an example of “the ungrievable life” that allows for people to perceive others’ lives as “unreal.” This perception justifies all forms of physical violence—BUTLER 4
[Judith; Professor in Rhetoric at UC Berkeley; Undoing Gender pg. 24-25]

So what is the relation between violence and what is "unreal," between violence
AND
loss, the discursive elaborations of what these losses mean for communities there?

OBSERVATION 2 IS COLONIALIZATION

Status quo policies are colonialist and exclude native voices—This perpetuates the same colonialist policies of the last 500 years—ROBYN 2
[Linda Robyn, the assistant professor in the Criminal Justice Department at Northern Arizona University, 2002. “Indigenous Knowledge and Technology: Creating Environmental Justice in the Twenty-First Century”. The American Indian Quarterly, 26.2 (2002), p. 210]

Social control is always an exercise of power. Linear colonial logic argues that those
AND
the state of Wisconsin and huge multinational corporations is but one such example. 

Plan solves—It gives natives self-sufficiency—PELHAM 12
[Victoria, Staff writer for Cronkite News. February 15th, 2012. Tribes back bill to ease federal oversight of indian-land energy projects. Accessed August 12, 2012]

Representatives from a half-dozen tribes spoke to a House Natural Resources subcommittee in
AND
of increased self-sufficiency and increased energy resource production on Indian lands. 

Colonialism locks native people into a cycle of every day suffering—BARSH 93
[Russel Lawrence Barsh, Professor of Native American Studies at the University of Lethbridge and United Nations Representative of the Mikmaq Grand Council and Four Directions Council, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Winter, 1993, 26 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 277] 

If there is a fundamental cause of American Indian isolationism, it is 500 years
AND
Also lost was confidence in the possibility of genuine self-determination.

Native Americans are colonized citizens of the United States, and forced into a policy of white superiority. This subjugation leaves them an exploited hollow shell—YELLOW BIRD 4
[Michael Yellow Bird, Associate Professor Center for Indigenous Nations Studies, 2004-10, Wicazo Sa Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, Colonization/Decolonization, I, (Autumn, 2004), pp.33-48, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1409497]

America has carefully made sure that Indigenous Peoples continue to fulfill the role of a
AND
and Indians will continue to be toys of genocide, icons of colonialism.

Colonization bolsters a patriarchal mindset that literally rapes Native bodies with dominant Western ideologies—SMITH 3
[Andrea. Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at University of California, Riverside. Not an Indian Tradition: The Sexual Colonization of Native Peoples. Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 2, Indigenous Women in the Americas (Spring, 2003), pp. 70. Accessed August 13, 2012]

Similarly, Kate Shanley notes that Native peoples are a permanent "pres-ent
AND
to tan and turn into bridle reins. (Stannard 1992, 121) 

AND, colonial/ patriarchal mindset marginalizes women and seeks to control nature. Operating under the current ideologies ties the US to a permanent social war with the Natives that only breeds racism, sexism and xenophobic future politics—SMITH 3
[Andrea. Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at University of California, Riverside. Not an Indian Tradition: The Sexual Colonization of Native Peoples. Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 2, Indigenous Women in the Americas (Spring, 2003), pp. 70. Accessed August 13, 2012]

The connection between the colonization of the bodies of Native peoples,
AND
hearts of the women [and their bodies as well] are on the ground."

Patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction—WARREN AND CADY 94
[Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20]

Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy as a dysfunctional system
AND
women-nature-peace connections in regional, national and global contexts.

AND, Traditional understandings of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women—RAY 97
[Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997]

The international community must recognize that violence against women
AND
applicable to women "in the by-ways of daily life."

OBSERVATION 3 IS NO DISADS

Causal predictions of worst-case scenarios are biased and poor scholarship—KANWISHER 89
[Nancy, (“Cognitive Heuristics and American Security Policy” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Dec., 1989), pp. 652-675) Kanwisher has been a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT for over a decade, having previously worked at UCLA and Harvard]

It might be argued that biases in the subjective probabilities of scenarios do not matter
AND
the problem of psychological distortions would resurface.

The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency – Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims—ENLOE 4
[Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7]

Patriarchy - patriarchy is the structural and ideological system that perpetuates
AND
privileging depends on controlling women or drawing them into complicity. 

Beyond utilitarian concerns, principle requires an affirmative ballot – must recognize innate indigenous self-determination rights to ensure survival—SUAGEE 92
[Dean B., lawyer specializing in Native American law and environmental law, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, “SELF-DETERMINATION FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AT THE DAWN OF THE SOLAR AGE”, SPRING AND SUMMER, 1992, 25 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 671, Lexis]

All over the world, indigenous peoples are fighting for their lives and for their
AND
are entitled to human rights under international law as a matter of principle.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should pass the topically relevant portions of the pre-Young amendment Native American Energy Act (H.R. 3973).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should pass the topically relevant portions of the pre-Young amendment version of the Native American Energy Act (H.R. 3973). 

OBSERVATION 1 IS SELF-DETERMINATION
Current status quo policies towards energy production on native land squashes any hope of self-determination—FREIDEL 6 “Who Will Profit From Native Energy?” Research from Ph.D. Candidates/ Students: Ioana Lupu, Mayra Madrigal at Sonoma State University, Dolly Freidel, Ph.D. / Professor of Geography and Global Studies at Sonoma State University, Published in LiP Magazine, June 5, 2006, Title: “Native Energy Futures,” http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/25-who-will-profit-from-native-energy/ 

Energy on Native American...the planet to its doom.

AND, Tribal leaders agree—the plan is the only way to increase tribal self-determination—GROEN 12 Wilson, president and chief executive officer. Testimony on “The Native American Energy Act.” Before the sub-committee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs. February 15th, 2012.  Accessed August 10th, 2012

The NNOGC fully...achieve these objectives. 

However, action on the legislation is uncertain—FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION 12
June 20, 2012. Native American Legislative update. One Step Closer to Energy Development in Indian Country. Accessed August 10, 2012

Although House leadership...Energy Act is uncertain. 

Self-determination isn’t an all or nothing issue—It’s about the perpetual pursuit of freedom. Any other mindset justifies the continued exploitation of native peoples—SUAGEE 92
Dean B. attorney, , SELF-DETERMINATION FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AT THE DAWN OF THE SOLAR AGE, University of Michigan Law Review,  http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=trueandrisb=21_T4168507277andformat=GNBFIandsort=BOOLEANandstartDocNo=51andresultsUrlKey=29_T4168507282andcisb=22_T4168507281andtreeMax=trueandtreeWidth=0andcsi=7420anddocNo=59

In the controversy over the right...neglects internal self-determination. 

Lack of self-determination is an example of “the ungrievable life” that allows for people to perceive others’ lives as “unreal.” This perception justifies all forms of physical violence—BUTLER 4
Judith; Professor in Rhetoric at UC Berkeley; Undoing Gender pg. 24-25

So what is the relation...mean for communities there?

OBSERVATION 2 IS COLONIALIZATION
Status quo policies are colonialist and exclude native voices—This perpetuates the same colonialist policies of the last 500 years—ROBYN 2 Linda Robyn, the assistant professor in the Criminal Justice Department at Northern Arizona University, 2002. “Indigenous Knowledge and Technology: Creating Environmental Justice in the Twenty-First Century”. The American Indian Quarterly, 26.2 (2002), p. 210

Social control is always an...but one such example. 

Plan solves—It gives natives self-sufficiency—PELHAM 12
 Victoria, Staff writer for Cronkite News. February 15th, 2012. Tribes back bill to ease federal oversight of indian-land energy projects. Accessed August 12, 2012
Representatives from a...production on Indian lands. 

Colonialism attempts to define everyone as one national collective identity, everyone that isn’t part of that identity is excluded. Colonialism itself is heteronormative and patriarchal. —GAARD 97
 Greta, educator, writer, scholar and activist working at the intersections of literature, feminism, and environmental justice, 1997 ‘Toward A Queer Ecofeminism’, Hypatia. Volume: 12. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 1997. Pg. 114
In her study of race and..., though colonization regularly includes rape.  

Heteronormativity is a powerful form of normalization which is the site of all violence—Yep, Lovaas, and Elia 2003
Gust Yep, Karen Lovaas, and John Elia, Professors, San Francisco University, Journal of Homosexual Studies, Vol. 45, No. 2/3/4, pp. 18, 2003
In this passage, Simmons vividly...and oppression of sexual others.

Compulsory Heterosexuality is at the root of discrimination that tries to “erase” the other through physical and structural violence that destroys any value to the others life —Gómez 2005
María Mercedes Gomez, Political Theorist on hate crimes, On Prejudice, Violence, and Democracy, la-buena-vida.info, ongoing project from 2005 until 2008, pp. 2-3
The logic of discrimination...defined as gay, lesbian, and transgender.

Colonization bolsters a patriarchal mindset that literally rapes Native bodies with dominant Western ideologies—SMITH 3 Andrea. Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at University of California, Riverside. Not an Indian Tradition: The Sexual Colonization of Native Peoples. Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 2, Indigenous Women in the Americas (Spring, 2003), pp. 70. Accessed August 13, 2012
Similarly, Kate Shanley notes...and turn into bridle reins. (Stannard 1992, 121

Patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction—WARREN AND CADY 94 Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20

Operationalized, the evidence of...in regional, national and global contexts.

AND, Traditional understandings of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women—RAY 97
Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997

The international community must... the by-ways of daily life."

OBSERVATION 3 IS NO DISADS
Causal predictions of worst-case scenarios are biased and poor scholarship—KANWISHER 89
Nancy, (“Cognitive Heuristics and American Security Policy” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Dec., 1989), pp. 652-675) Kanwisher has been a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT for over a decade, having previously worked at UCLA and Harvard

It might be argued that...distortions would resurface.

The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency – Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims—ENLOE 4 Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7

Patriarchy - patriarchy is..drawing them into complicity. 

The state is inevitable but our aff makes it more ethical
Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy and Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6
Since ‘it is impossible to escape ...what it wants to secure.

The state wields the dichotomy of the other to perpetuate fear and control through biopolitical lies; forcing us all to subject our rights to a sovereign state power. This perpetuates the permission of force in any means to “protect” us from the other.  Their impact scenarios are lies that perpetuate this power.
Peter Coviello, 2000 “Queer Frontiers: Apocalypse from Now On,” Ch. 2, pg. 40-41
Perhaps. But to claim...that can scarcely be done without.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
PLAN

The United States federal government should pass the topically relevant portions of the pre-Young amendment version of the Native American Energy Act (H.R. 3973). 

OBSERVATION 1 IS SELF-DETERMINATION

Current status quo policies towards energy production on native land squashes any hope of self-determination—FREIDEL 6
“Who Will Profit From Native Energy?” Research from Ph.D. Candidates/ Students: Ioana Lupu, Mayra Madrigal at Sonoma State University, Dolly Freidel, Ph.D. / Professor of Geography and Global Studies at Sonoma State University, Published in LiP Magazine, June 5, 2006, Title: “Native Energy Futures,” http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/25-who-will-profit-from-native-energy/ 

Energy on Native American land...currently driving the planet to its doom.

AND, Tribal leaders agree—the plan is the only way to increase tribal self-determination—GROEN 12
Wilson, president and chief executive officer. Testimony on “The Native American Energy Act.” Before the sub-committee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs. February 15th, 2012.  Accessed August 10th, 2012

The NNOGC fully supports...achieve these objectives. 

However, action on the legislation is uncertain—FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION 12
June 20, 2012. Native American Legislative update. One Step Closer to Energy Development in Indian Country. Accessed August 10, 2012

Although House leadership...Energy Act is uncertain. 

Self-determination isn’t an all or nothing issue—It’s about the perpetual pursuit of freedom. Any other mindset justifies the continued exploitation of native peoples—SUAGEE 92
Dean B. attorney, , SELF-DETERMINATION FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AT THE DAWN OF THE SOLAR AGE, University of Michigan Law Review, LexisNexis  

In the controversy over...internal self-determination. 

Lack of self-determination is an example of “the ungrievable life” that allows for people to perceive others’ lives as “unreal.” This perception justifies all forms of physical violence—BUTLER 4
Judith; Professor in Rhetoric at UC Berkeley; Undoing Gender pg. 24-25

So what is the relation...mean for communities there?

OBSERVATION 2 IS COLONIALIZATION

Status quo policies are colonialist and exclude native voices—This perpetuates the same colonialist policies of the last 500 years—ROBYN 2
Linda Robyn, the assistant professor in the Criminal Justice Department at Northern Arizona University, 2002. “Indigenous Knowledge and Technology: Creating Environmental Justice in the Twenty-First Century”. The American Indian Quarterly, 26.2 (2002), p. 210

Social control is always...is but one such example. 

Plan solves—It gives natives self-sufficiency—PELHAM 12
Victoria, Staff writer for Cronkite News. February 15th, 2012. Tribes back bill to ease federal oversight of indian-land energy projects. Accessed August 12, 2012

Representatives from a half-dozen tribes...production on Indian lands. 

Colonialism locks native people into a cycle of every day suffering—BARSH 93
Russel Lawrence Barsh, Professor of Native American Studies at the University of Lethbridge and United Nations Representative of the Mikmaq Grand Council and Four Directions Council, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Winter, 1993, 26 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 277 

If there is a fundamental cause...genuine self-determination.

Native Americans are colonized citizens of the United States, and forced into a policy of white superiority. This subjugation leaves them an exploited hollow shell—YELLOW BIRD 4
Michael Yellow Bird, Associate Professor Center for Indigenous Nations Studies, 2004-10, Wicazo Sa Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, Colonization/Decolonization, I, (Autumn, 2004), pp.33-48, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1409497

America has carefully made sure...toys of genocide, icons of colonialism.

Colonization bolsters a patriarchal mindset that literally rapes Native bodies with dominant Western ideologies—SMITH 3
Andrea. Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at University of California, Riverside. Not an Indian Tradition: The Sexual Colonization of Native Peoples. Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 2, Indigenous Women in the Americas (Spring, 2003), pp. 70. Accessed August 13, 2012

Similarly, Kate Shanley notes...turn into bridle reins.

AND, colonial/ patriarchal mindset marginalizes women and seeks to control nature. Operating under the current ideologies ties the US to a permanent social war with the Natives that only breeds racism, sexism and xenophobic future politics—SMITH 3
Andrea. Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at University of California, Riverside. Not an Indian Tradition: The Sexual Colonization of Native Peoples. Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 2, Indigenous Women in the Americas (Spring, 2003), pp. 70. Accessed August 13, 2012

The connection between the colonization...bodies as well are on the ground." 

Patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction—WARREN AND CADY 94
Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20

Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy...national and global contexts.

AND, Traditional understandings of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women—RAY 97
Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997

The international community..."in the by-ways of daily life."

OBSERVATION 3 IS NO DISADS

Causal predictions of worst-case scenarios are biased and poor scholarship—KANWISHER 89
Nancy, (“Cognitive Heuristics and American Security Policy” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Dec., 1989), pp. 652-675) Kanwisher has been a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT for over a decade, having previously worked at UCLA and Harvard

It might be argued that...distortions would resurface.

The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency – Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims—ENLOE 4 Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7

Patriarchy - patriarchy is...drawing them into complicity. 

The state is inevitable but our aff makes it more ethical
Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy and Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6 

Since ‘it is impossible to escape ...what it wants to secure.

The state wields the dichotomy of the other to perpetuate fear and control through biopolitical lies; forcing us all to subject our rights to a sovereign state power. This perpetuates the permission of force in any means to “protect” us from the other.  Their impact scenarios are lies that perpetuate this power.
Peter Coviello, 2000 “Queer Frontiers: Apocalypse from Now On,” Ch. 2, pg. 40-41

But to claim...that can scarcely be done without.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
PLAN

The United States federal government should pass the topically relevant portions of the pre-Young amendment version of the Native American Energy Act (H.R. 3973). 

OBSERVATION 1 IS SELF-DETERMINATION

Current status quo policies towards energy production on native land squashes any hope of self-determination—FREIDEL 6
“Who Will Profit From Native Energy?” Research from Ph.D. Candidates/ Students: Ioana Lupu, Mayra Madrigal at Sonoma State University, Dolly Freidel, Ph.D. / Professor of Geography and Global Studies at Sonoma State University, Published in LiP Magazine, June 5, 2006, Title: “Native Energy Futures,” http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/25-who-will-profit-from-native-energy/ 

Energy on Native American land...currently driving the planet to its doom.

AND, Tribal leaders agree—the plan is the only way to increase tribal self-determination—GROEN 12
Wilson, president and chief executive officer. Testimony on “The Native American Energy Act.” Before the sub-committee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs. February 15th, 2012.  Accessed August 10th, 2012

The NNOGC fully supports...achieve these objectives. 

However, action on the legislation is uncertain—FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION 12
June 20, 2012. Native American Legislative update. One Step Closer to Energy Development in Indian Country. Accessed August 10, 2012

Although House leadership...Energy Act is uncertain. 

Self-determination isn’t an all or nothing issue—It’s about the perpetual pursuit of freedom. Any other mindset justifies the continued exploitation of native peoples—SUAGEE 92
Dean B. attorney, , SELF-DETERMINATION FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AT THE DAWN OF THE SOLAR AGE, University of Michigan Law Review, LexisNexis  

In the controversy over...internal self-determination. 

Lack of self-determination is an example of “the ungrievable life” that allows for people to perceive others’ lives as “unreal.” This perception justifies all forms of physical violence—BUTLER 4
Judith; Professor in Rhetoric at UC Berkeley; Undoing Gender pg. 24-25

So what is the relation...mean for communities there?

OBSERVATION 2 IS COLONIALIZATION

Status quo policies are colonialist and exclude native voices—This perpetuates the same colonialist policies of the last 500 years—ROBYN 2
Linda Robyn, the assistant professor in the Criminal Justice Department at Northern Arizona University, 2002. “Indigenous Knowledge and Technology: Creating Environmental Justice in the Twenty-First Century”. The American Indian Quarterly, 26.2 (2002), p. 210

Social control is always...is but one such example. 

Plan solves—It gives natives self-sufficiency—PELHAM 12
Victoria, Staff writer for Cronkite News. February 15th, 2012. Tribes back bill to ease federal oversight of indian-land energy projects. Accessed August 12, 2012

Representatives from a half-dozen tribes...production on Indian lands. 

Colonialism locks native people into a cycle of every day suffering—BARSH 93
Russel Lawrence Barsh, Professor of Native American Studies at the University of Lethbridge and United Nations Representative of the Mikmaq Grand Council and Four Directions Council, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Winter, 1993, 26 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 277 

If there is a fundamental cause...genuine self-determination.

Native Americans are colonized citizens of the United States, and forced into a policy of white superiority. This subjugation leaves them an exploited hollow shell—YELLOW BIRD 4
Michael Yellow Bird, Associate Professor Center for Indigenous Nations Studies, 2004-10, Wicazo Sa Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, Colonization/Decolonization, I, (Autumn, 2004), pp.33-48, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1409497

America has carefully made sure...toys of genocide, icons of colonialism.

Colonization bolsters a patriarchal mindset that literally rapes Native bodies with dominant Western ideologies—SMITH 3
Andrea. Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at University of California, Riverside. Not an Indian Tradition: The Sexual Colonization of Native Peoples. Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 2, Indigenous Women in the Americas (Spring, 2003), pp. 70. Accessed August 13, 2012

Similarly, Kate Shanley notes...turn into bridle reins.

AND, colonial/ patriarchal mindset marginalizes women and seeks to control nature. Operating under the current ideologies ties the US to a permanent social war with the Natives that only breeds racism, sexism and xenophobic future politics—SMITH 3
Andrea. Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at University of California, Riverside. Not an Indian Tradition: The Sexual Colonization of Native Peoples. Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 2, Indigenous Women in the Americas (Spring, 2003), pp. 70. Accessed August 13, 2012

The connection between the colonization...bodies as well are on the ground." 

Patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction—WARREN AND CADY 94
Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20

Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy...national and global contexts.

AND, Traditional understandings of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women—RAY 97
Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997

The international community..."in the by-ways of daily life."

And, US policy towards Natives is uniquely key to worldwide rights protection of indigenous peoples—Morris 92
Glenn Morris, The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance, ed. M. Annette Jaimes, p. 55-57

Only in the past fifty year...peoples in other parts of the planet.

OBSERVATION 3 IS NO DISADS

Causal predictions of worst-case scenarios are biased and poor scholarship—KANWISHER 89
Nancy, (“Cognitive Heuristics and American Security Policy” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Dec., 1989), pp. 652-675) Kanwisher has been a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT for over a decade, having previously worked at UCLA and Harvard

It might be argued that...distortions would resurface.

The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency – Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims—ENLOE 4 Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7

Patriarchy - patriarchy is...drawing them into complicity. 

The state is inevitable but our aff makes it more ethical
Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy and Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6 

Since ‘it is impossible to escape ...what it wants to secure.

The state wields the dichotomy of the other to perpetuate fear and control through biopolitical lies; forcing us all to subject our rights to a sovereign state power. This perpetuates the permission of force in any means to “protect” us from the other.  Their impact scenarios are lies that perpetuate this power.
Peter Coviello, 2000 “Queer Frontiers: Apocalypse from Now On,” Ch. 2, pg. 40-41

But to claim...that can scarcely be done without.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 2 | Opponent: Emporia | Judge: Koehle
The United States federal government should pass the pre-Young amendment version of the Native American Energy Act (H.R. 3973) for coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, and wind power.

AND, colonization has to be the starting point for gender inequality. Two-Spirit critique of colonialism allows us to re-conceptualize sexuality and gender roles—DRISKELL 10
Qwo-Li Driskell, a Cherokee two spirit author S/he is an assistant professor in the Department of English at Texas AandM University. S/he is the author of Walking with Ghosts: Poems and holds a PhD in rhetoric and writing from Michigan State University. Hir research focuses on performance historiography, Cherokee Two-Spirit/GLBTQ people, and Cherokee performance rhetorics as resistance. 2010. Doubleweaving Two Spirit critiques: building alliances between native and queer studies. Accessed February 17, 2013
Two-Spirit is also...understand colonial projects.

Colonization isn’t just the stealing of land, but stealing bodily identities. Colonization forces the colonized to conform to the sexual values of the colonizer. The native Two-Spirit is a perfect example; Colonization teaches the idea that non-dichotomous sexualities aren’t natural, thus they are sinful. Because of this the people of the Native Two-Spirit are assigned with no value and live a life of self-hatred—DRISKELL 4
Qwo-Li Driskell, a Cherokee two spirit author a Cherokee two spirit author S/he is an assistant professor in the Department of English at Texas AandM University. S/he is the author of Walking with Ghosts: Poems and holds a PhD in rhetoric and writing from Michigan State University. Hir research focuses on performance historiography, Cherokee Two-Spirit/GLBTQ people, and Cherokee performance rhetorics as resistance. Summer 2004. Stolen from our bodies: first nations two spirit/queers and the journey to the sovereign erotic. Accessed February 17, 2013
The term "Two-Spirit"...people of color recognize it.  

Tournament:  | Round: Triples | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should declare all Highly Enriched Uranium currently restricted from civilian energy production processes in excess of United States military needs. 

OBSERVATION 1 IS THE STATUS QUO                                                              

Dismantlement and the downblending of military HEU stockpiles has dropped considerably—Stockton 10
Peter Stockton, Senior Investigator, Special Assistant to Department of Energy Secretary, “U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex: How the Country Can Profit and Become More Secure by Getting Rid of Its Surplus Weapons-Grade Uranium,” September 14, 2010, http://www.pogo.org/our-work/reports/2010/nss-nwc-20100914.htmlKR

Yet, the U.S. has...and secure conversion to LEU.

The process of downblending HEU must be reconfigured and expedited—Current estimations of military excess are far greater than any governmental initiative has officially declared—NTI 12 Nuclear Threat Initiative is a global security organization of analysts and activists, “Civilian HEU Reduction and Elimination Resource Collection,” August 1, 2012, http://www.nti.org/analysis/reports/civilian-heu-reduction-and-elimination/KR
There have been...the various downblend programs. 

Observation 2 WAR                                                                             
Perceptions of war rely on a false gender-coded hierarchy that ignores the feminine in national security policies—Cohn Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

It is a common perception... bring to peace negotiations. 

Perceptions of  “peace” as being “without war” ignore the decades of abuse and violence on the feminine after the violence has ended—Cohn Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

Women’s war and post-war stories...beginning of making peace. 

Traditional understandings of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women—RAY 97
Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997

The international community...the by-ways of daily life."

And, this is the type of patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction—WARREN AND CADY 94 Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20

Operationalized, the evidence...regional, national and global contexts.

OBSERVATION 3 IS WEAPONS OF WAR

The acceptance of nuclear weapons is itself masculine. Calls for their destruction are delegitimized by being associated with the feminine—Cohn Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

Rather than seeing...particularities, passions and suffering. 

The possession of nuclear weapons reinforces patriarchy by equating violence with masculinity—Cohn Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

One of the constitutive...for both men and women.

We must have a gendered analysis of the relationship between weapons and masculinity to create a form of sustainable peace—Myrttinen 3 Henri. “Disarming Masculinities.” Disarmament forum. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

While there is an undeniable...for a sustainable peace. 

OBSERVATION 4 - THE AFF COMES FIRST
The 1AC is key—nuclear weapons are equated with sexual potency. Continued nuclear metaphors stirs up support for global weaponization—Cohn Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

We argue that gendered terms...arbiter of political power.

Investigating masculinity and nuclear weapons is the first step to disarmament—Myrttinen 3 Henri. “Disarming Masculinities.” Disarmament forum. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

If one considers gender,...to be highly militarized.

The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency – Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims—ENLOE 4 Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7
Patriarchy - patriarchy is...drawing them into complicity.

The realist notion of deterrence is rooted in fictional discourse that thrives on exclusion of the feminine. Deterrence theory as a mechanism for measuring potential violence is flawed—Cohn Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

All in all, we find the daily...not so weapons-dependent.