Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Increase Production necessitates a demand for increased consumption.  Focusing the debate on changing energy imputs without questioning societies relationship with consumption ensures continued ecological damage.

Ruggero in 2009
E. Colin (PhD Candidate in Sociology at the New School for Social Research, focusing specifically on Social Movements) “Radical Green Populism: Climate Change, Social Change, and the Power of Everyday Practice” http://www.anarchist-studies.org/node/309

Indeed, this prevailing ‘flavor’ of green education is crucial

AND

These public programs reinforce, rather than oppose, the reigning energy regime.

Shifts in Production of energy without questioning consumption ensure further environmental damage.  It leads to system of collective denial and cognitive dissonance as the loss of vital ecosystems accelerate around the world

Rees, School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, 10

(William, “Whats blocking sustainability? Human nature, cognition, and denial”, Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy 6(2):13-25, http://sspp.proquest.com/archives/vol6iss2/1001-012.rees.html, accessed 7/11/12)

Just what is going on here? Humans are the self-proclaimed “best evidence for intelligent life on Earth.”

AND

Meanwhile, the loss of ecosystem integrity accelerates around the world.

This debate is a question of what you choose to value when faced with the mutually exclusive options of increased production or decreased individual consumption.  It is an ethical question that precedes all utilitarian calculations.

Oliver 2010

[Kelly Oliver, prof phil at Vanderbilt U, “Animal Ethics: Towards an Ethics of Responsivenss” Research in Phenomenology 40: 267-280] Oliver 6

In this era of global warming, species extinction and shrinking biodiversity,

AND

but, rather, how to share resources and life together on this collective planet.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative proposal of increased production in favor of prioritizing a reduction of individual consumption and ecological destruction. This is the only approach that will challenge our denial of individual guilt and responsibility.

Princen, University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment, 01

(Thomas, “Consumption and its Externalities: Where Economy Meets Ecology”, Global Environmental Politics 1:3, August, EBSCO, p.27)

In short, the consumption angle is a means

AND

commerce and the black box of consumer sovereignty.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Best evidence shows obama winning tight race now

Carnia 9/20 (Catalina, Staff Writer at USA Today, “ 8 of 13 forecasts say Obama wins popular vote,” http:~/~/content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2012/09/20/obama-romney-forecasting-models-election/70000816/1#.UFx6hqTyaZc, 9/20/12)

What happens when 20 eminent political scientists crunch

AND

a president's term and the number of Americans who died in combat.

Nuclear power is unpopular with the public – fear of accidents

Brian Palmer is a freelance writer based in New York and a regular columnist for the Health and Science section's How and Why column. Miniature nuclear reactors might be a safe, efficient source of power, Washington Post. September 14, 2010 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/09/13/AR2010091304026.html?sid=ST2010092902924

Not long ago, siting a nuclear

AND

another accident could be even more disastrous.

Energy key to elections

Thomas 03/21/12 Ken Thomas White House reporter with The Associated Press, covering Obama 2012. “Obama Energy Policy: President, GOP Plunge Into Politics Of Gas Prices”

http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/21/obama-energy-policy-gop-gas-prices_n_1370615.html

Well aware of Republicans' criticism, Obama's

AND

and they're determined that that will be Obama.

Romney will strike Iran – he’ll be hawkish

Daily Kos 12 Daily Kos; “President Obama versus Romney on Iran”; 4/16/2012; http:~/~/www.dailykos.com/story/2012/04/16/1083726/-com/story/2012/04/16/1083726/-President-Obama-versus-Romney-on-Iran

Approach to foreign policy: Romney says he will “not apologize

AND

 in 1979 and bottomed out at just 19 percent in May 1986 after the Chernobyl crisis (which began 25 years ago next week).

Intervention in Iran goes nuclear

Reuters 12

“Russia says action on Syria, Iran may go nuclear” May 17, 2012 http:~/~/www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/17/com/article/2012/05/17/us-g8-russia-idUSBRE84G18M20120517

Hasty military operations in foreign states usually bring radicals to power

AND

 regional nuclear powers such as Israel, Pakistan and India could get involved into a conflict.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NC

The United States Congress should eliminate all subsidies for the following: Coal, Natural Gas, Oil, Nuclear Power, Solar Power, Wind Power

The private sector can implement the necessary research to solve – federal intervention distorts the marketplace and drives up costs

Chris Edwards, senior economist on the congressional Joint Economic Committee, a manager with PricewaterhouseCoopers, and an economist with the Tax Foundation., February 2009, “Energy Subsidies,” (http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/energy/subsidies accessed 9/5/2012)

The energy industry has been heavily regulated and subsidized by the federal government

AND

they aim at objectives that make little economic sense, as the following case studies illustrate.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NC Shell

US China tensions high now – working towards co-operation but china is wears of US attempts to undermine productivity

Brian Spegele and Monica Langley, The Wall Street Journal, 9/5/12, “U.S. and China Yield Little Ground in Talks: No Progress Seen on Territorial Spats, Syria; Back Problem Blamed as Xi, Seen as Next President, Skips Clinton Meeting,”

BEIJING—China and the U.S. made little visible progress in

AND

some of its neighbors. Mrs. Clinton on Wednesday again insisted U.S. moves in the region weren't targeting China.

China is strategically posturing now with mercantilism and weapons designs – China perceives prominence as zero-sum

Kenneth Lieberthal,Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy  and in Global Economy and Development and is Director of the John L. Thornton China Center at the Brookings Institution, Wang Jisi, Director of the Center for International and Strategic Studies and Dean of the School of International Studies  at Peking University, 2012, “Addressing U.S.-China Strategic Distrust,”

Given the U.S. view that Asia is the most important region in  the world for

AND

in Beijing regarding the U.S. and also increased Chinese espionage efforts in the United States.

Subsidies are unecessary and place tension on US/China trade relations – eliminating government intervention solves relations and energy security

Timothy P. Carney, Senior political columnist, The Examiner, “Green-energy subsidies spark trade war,” 20 August 2012, (http:~/~/washingtonexaminer.com/green-energy-subsidies-spark-trade-war/article/2505382#.UEfHWI1lQ2A accessed

When President Obama attacks oil and gas subsidies he almost always includes an interesting modifier.

AND

allowing markets to determine which energy sources are used, would save $37 billion. That’s an energy plan that makes sense.

Trade war kills global economy

MINT '11. "Fear of Trade War" Oct. 18, 2011. p. lexis

And no prizes for guessing which country will be the

AND

trade war between the two most important economies in the world is a cause for worry. 

US China trade war escalates  - extinction

Liu '05. "Trade Wars can lead to shooting Wars" by Henry C K Liu-Chairman of a New York based private investment group. Aug. 20, 2005. Asia Times. http:~/~/www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/html

US geopolitical hostility toward China will manifest itself first in trade friction

AND

 to be fought over by killing consumers in a world plagued with overcapacity. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Licensing process blocks SMR’s.

Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation. A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?, Heritage Foundation. February 2, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors#_ftnref16

While some designs are closer to market introduction than others, the fact is that America’s regulatory and policy

AND

they could contribute greatly to an economically efficient and sustainable nuclear waste management strategy.

Without effective waste policies States will prevent nuclear power

Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16

Today, many states exercise significant authority over the location and construction of nuclear reactors

AND

Public commissions and referenda can impose additional restrictions.

Regulatory uncertainty kills investment

Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation. A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?, Heritage Foundation. February 2, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors#_ftnref16

Establish a new licensing pathway. The current licensing pathway relies on reactor

AND

on which commercialization ultimately depends.14

Waste confidence rule issues blocks new licensure

Cornelius Milmoe is a lawyer and nuclear energy expert who has worked in the government and private sector. AND Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Obama Administration: No Confidence in Nuclear Energy, Heritage Foundation. March 5, 2012 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/obama-administration-no-confidence-in-nuclear-energy#_ftnref14

Fortunately, there is a way forward. The courts first required the NRC to make a

AND

waste confidence rule to block new reactors.

SMR too expensive

Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16

The public-private relationship worked until nuclear power began to fall out of favor with public

AND

conduct a review using NRC guidance.12 Yet the commission continued to issue regulation after regulation.

Strong NRC quadruples cost of nuclear

Bernard L. Cohen, Professor Emeritus of Physics University of Pittsburgh. THE NUCLEAR ENERGY OPTION. September 30, 2004 http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~blc/book/chapter9.html

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and its predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission Office of Regulation

AND

 thereby caused no new plants to be ordered and dozens of partially constructed plants to be abandoned.

Plan can’t solve state regulations

Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16

At the same time, state and local governments expanded their oversight functions.

AND

imposed additional costs and opened additional avenues for anti-nuclear activists to exploit.

No quick deployment of nuclear reactors – no infrastructure

OR

Investors won’t invest in nuclear power because of limited fuel resources

David Biello. Is Reprocessing the Answer to Eliminating Fissile Materials from Bombs and Nuclear Waste?, Scientific American. April 15, 2010. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=is-reprocessing-the-answer-to-eliminating-fissile-materials

Reprocessing may reduce the demand for fresh uranium fuel. Although various estimates

AND

lifetime with only 100 years of supply? I wouldn't if I was an investor."

Nuclear power not possible, not enough workers

AMORY B. LOVINS AND IMRAN SHEIKH. The Nuclear Illusion, Rocky Mountain Institute. May 27, 2008 http://www.nirs.org/alternatives/e0801ambionucillusion.pdf

Nuclear workers are becoming scarce too. Forty percent of those at U.S. plants

AND

safely running old plants will be hard enough without staffing new ones.

No nuclear power-- the parts are too hard to acquire

International Trade Administration, The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors. February 2011 http:~/~/trade.gov/publications/pdfs/pdf

One obstacle is diminished manufacturing capacity. U.S. nuclear competitiveness is hampered

AND

market, while U.S. manufacturers face a  significant trade barrier in key foreign markets.

Length of time for licensure ensures companies will abandon the process

Rod Adams, Pro-nuclear advocate with small nuclear plant operating and design experience. Former submarine Engineer Officer. Founder, Adams Atomic Engines, Inc. Is the NRC the “gold standard” of nuclear regulation or the “DMV standard”?, Atomic Insights. October 15, 2011 http://atomicinsights.com/2011/10/is-the-nrc-the-gold-standard-of-nuclear-regulation-or-the-dmv-standard.html

Though the allusion may be lost on Atomic Insights readers who do not live in the United States,

AND

and both are well-supported governments and fossil fuel suppliers.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Prolif will be slow – countries don’t have a pressing need for nukes

Waltz 2000 Kenneth, Professor of Political Science at UC Berkeley, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, vI nl, Winter/Spring, http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gjia/gjia_winsprOOf.html. accessed 8/11/02cn

It is now estimated that about twenty-five countries are in a position to make

AND

of the past to be the same as the pattern in the future, in which one or two states per decade gradually develop nuclear weapons.

Demand-side pressures ensure prolif is slow-nuclearization is not appealing for most states

Erik Gartzke and Dong-Joon Jo April 2009 (Bargaining, Nuclear Proliferation, and Interstate Disputes, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53 Issue 2, pp 209-233)

If proliferation is a collective action problem, however, many more states should have proliferated

AND

enough to believe that major change is possible and beneficial, nuclear weapons are not a practical option.

History is on our side – nuclear states don’t go to war with each other and prolif deescalates former tensions

Mueller 98 John, Professor of Political Science at the UNC-Chapel Hill, "The Escalating Irrelevance of Nuclear Weapons," The Absolute Weapon Revisited, ed. Paul, Harknett, and Wirtz, p. 83cn

Therefore, although there may be some imaginable circumstances under which nuclear

AND

a nuclear attack on an enemy city could appeal to an appropriately fanatical leader as the ultimate in ethnic cleansing. 

1) Chemical/Biological Weapons

Regional nuclear proliferation prevents CBW warfare

 Dr. Keith B. Payne, President, National Institute for Public Policy Faculty, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service National Security Studies Program, April 1998 “Why We Must Sustain Nuclear Deterrence,” http:~/~/www.nipp.org/Adobe/Op%20Ed%203_20_98.pdf

A single illustration of the lethality of biological weapons will clarify why

AND

as CBW proliferates our nuclear capabilities become more, not less important for regional deterrence.

Biological weapons cause mutated and uncontrolled pathogens, culminating in extinction

 John Steinbruner, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Foreign Policy, December 22, 1997

That deceptively simple observation has immense implications. The use of a manufactured weapon is a singular event.

AND

The 1918 influenza epidemic demonstrated the potential for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.

2) Extended Deterence

American extended deterrence is not credible – Cold War illustrated the difficulty of guaranteeing security to a country or area not intrinsic to U.S. security***

Christopher Layne (Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University) 2006 “The Peace of Illusions” p 165-7

During the cold war, the United States sought to deter a Soviet strategic nuclear attack on Western Europe by extending its strategic nuclear umbrella to cover its NATO allies

AND

rise to the same level of grand strategic importance for the United States as Western Europe purportedly did during the cold war.

Extended deterrence increases the chance of American involvement in nuclear war.

Ted Galen Carpenter (director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute) 11/24/1993 "Staying Out of Potential Nuclear Crossfires" http:~/~/www.cato.org/pubs/pas/html

One of the most important challenges facing U.S. leaders in the post-Cold

AND

the United States should distance itself from regional disputes that could go nuclear.

3) Social Spending

Prolif massively curtails military spending

Goldstein 2000 Avery, Department of Political Science University of Pennsylvania, Deterrence and Security in the 21 51 Century, p. 289

The presence of nuclear weapons may, however, do more than just reduce the likelihood of war.

AND

for the adversary and oblige him to confront the unacceptable risk of unpredictable escalation.

Military spending creates cycles of poverty, crushes economic growth, and makes conflict more likely

Desai 2000 Nitin, undersecretary-general for economic and social affairs at the UN, and Jayantha Dhanapala, undersecretary-general for disarmament affairs at the UN, International Herald Tribune, December 22

At the United Nations' Millennium Summit in September, world leaders pledged to

AND

engender suspicion, encouraging higher spending in other countries and creating conditions ripe for conflict.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Research grants are NOT “Incentives”.

Russell Hasan, ‘08. President of Alternative Energy News Source Company, “Introduction to Alternative Energy,” p. o/l:

http://www.altenews.com/Alternative%20Energy%20Overview.pdf.

 Several factors will also make the American government support the development

AND

to make alternatives more competitive through government incentives, and more are sure to come. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The U.S. would not respond with nukes – just on the table for deterrence.

Markoff and Shanker ‘9

John Markoff and Tom Shanker. “Panel Advises Clarifying U.S. Plans on Cyberwar”. April 30, 2009. The New York Times. http:~/~/www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/science/30cyber.html?_r=1url:http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/science/30cyber.html?_r=1

The authors point to a 2004 Pentagon statement on military doctrine

AND

 cyberattack would be expected to serve the same purpose.

No attribution capabilities – means won’t respond with nukes.

Charney ‘9

Scott Charney, Corporate Vice President Trustworthy Computing Group Microsoft Corporation. “Rethinking the Cyber Threat”. 2009. Online.

The starting point for any new strategy must focus on attribution because,

AND

confusion over whether this incident consisted of one attack or two, and have referenced the existence of a Vietnamese Botnet.4

We wouldn’t respond with nukes – conventional deterrent resolves that.

Benen ‘10

Steve Benen. Political Animal. Washington Monthly. April 9, 2010. http:~/~/www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2010_04/023278.php

To be sure, attacks on a country's computer networks can be severely damaging.

AND

mean we'd let a cyber attack slide; it doesn't mean our conventional weapons couldn't serve as a sufficient deterrent.

No cyberwar impact.

Tanji, ‘9 

Michael, Threats Watch, 12-7, “"Digital Pearl Harbor?" How About the War We're Actually In?” http:~/~/threatswatch.org/rapidrecon/2009/12/digital-pearl-harbor-how-about/http://threatswatch.org/rapidrecon/2009/12/digital-pearl-harbor-how-about/

There is no such thing as an Electronic Pearl Harbor. On a fundamental level,

AND

; unless of course we're the sort that just rolls over when our nose is bloodied.

US dominance end inevitable- GDP decline

Haass 5-6-2008 President of the Council on Foreign Relations

http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080501faessay87304-p40/richard-n-haass/the-age-of-nonpolarity.html

In this world, the United States is and will long remain the largest

AND

growing at more than two or three times the rate of the United States.

Heg Decline Inevitable – China, India, globalization

DREZNER 3 – 4 - 2008 Associate Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and the author of "All Politics Is Global." Foreign Affairs http:~/~/www.foreignaffairs.org/20070301faessay86203/daniel-w-drezner/html KW

Throughout the twentieth century, the list of the world's great powers was predictably short: the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and northwestern Europe

 and

, the future of these international regimes will be uncomfortably uncertain.

US Influence decline unavoidable- China, Russia greater response

Haass 5-6-2008 President of the Council on Foreign Relations

http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080501faessay87304-p40/richard-n-haass/the-age-of-nonpolarity.html

Power and influence are less and less linked in an era of nonpolarity

AND

 demonstrated an ability to resist U.S. entreaties, as have Iran, North Korea, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe.

The status quo is transitioning to offshore balancing which solves terrorism and smoothes the transition

Layne 12 (Christopher Layne, PhD in political science from the University of California at Berkeley, JD from the University of Southern California Law Center, LLM in international law from the University of Virginia Law School, Mary Julia and George R Jordan professor of international affairs at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University, research fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at the Independent Institute, former associate professor of international studies at the University of Miami, former fellow in the Center for Social Theory and Comparative History at the University of California Los Angeles, former fellow at the CATO Institute, former fellow at the Center for International Studies at the University of Southern California, former MacArthur Foundation fellow in global security, former visiting professor at the Naval Postgraduate School, former research fellow at the Center for Science and International Affairs in the Kennedy School at Harvard University, former member of the professional staff at the Arroyo Center at the California Institute of Technology, former foreign policy analyst for NATO, 1-27-12, “The (Almost) Triumph of Offshore Balancing,” http:~/~/nationalinterest.org/commentary/org/commentary/almost-triumph-offshore-balancing-6405) GZ

Although cloaked in the reassuring boilerplate about American military preeminence and global leadership

AND

 The central strategic preoccupation of the United States during the next two decades will be its own decline and China’s rise.

Hegemony is irrelevant – states will remain peaceful even with power shifts

Fettweis, 6—political science professor @ Tulane

Christopher, National Security Decision Making Department, US Naval War College, 'A Revolution in International Relation Theory: Or, What If Mueller Is Right?,' International Studies Review, 8 (4), 677-697, pg. Blackwell

Theories about the mechanisms driving and inhibiting alliance formation would have far less explanatory power in a world

AND

. Only when early humans were assured of their basic survival were they able to devote time to other, perhaps higher pursuits.

Offshore balancing is not the same as hegemony—regional powers would provide for defense

CHRISTOPHER LAYNE. America’s Middle East grand strategy after Iraq: the moment for offshore balancing has arrived, Review of International Studies. 2009 http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FRIS%2FRIS35_01%2FS0260210509008304a.pdfandcode=8f03534ab51907f83e3ad43a422129d3

Offshore balancing is based on the assumption that the most vital US interests are preventing the emergence of

AND

disastrous policies in Iraq and the Middle East are a much needed reminder that this is a test Wilsonianism too often fails.

Offshore balancing would have regional hegemons ensure stability in regions

Christopher Layne, associate professor in the School of International Studies at the University of Miami. Offshore Balancing RevisitedThe Washington Quarterly • 25:2 Spring 2002

Like primacy, offshore balancing is a strategy firmly rooted in the Realist tradition. Primacy

AND

(and contiguous ones), rather than looking to the United States to do it for them.

Offshore balancing prevents wars and counterbalancing because of non interference

Christopher Layne, associate professor in the School of International Studies at the University of Miami. Offshore Balancing RevisitedThe Washington Quarterly • 25:2 Spring 2002

Second, although a competitive component to U.S. relations with the other great powers in a

AND

restraint that would allow the United States to minimize the risks of open confrontation with the new great powers.

Hegemony necessitates using India to balance China

Ward 3-23-2012 (Alex is Interim Assistant to the Senior Vice President, Director of Studies, and Maurice R. Greenberg Chair at Council on Foreign Relations, “Is the USA Still the Indispensible Power in East Asia?” http:~/~/www.e-ir.info/2012/03/23/is-the-usa-still-the-indispensible-power-in-east-asia/http://www.e-ir.info/2012/03/23/is-the-usa-still-the-indispensible-power-in-east-asia/) BW

As a response to the spectre of a Chinese regional order, Washington has reiterated its

AND

as the region’s decisive strategic player, in an “asymmetrically multipolar Asian security order” (Twining, 2007: 91).

That risks nuclear conflict and Asian proliferation

Sullivan and Maza 9-27-2010 (Mr. Sullivan is research fellow and program manager at the American Enterprise Institute's Center for Defense Studies. Mr. Mazza is a senior research associate at AEI. “The Next Nuclear Arms Race” http:~/~/online.wsj.com/article/html) BW

India and Pakistan are the two countries most likely to engage in nuclear war, or so goes the common wisdom.

AND

vulnerable overseas trade—that creates the conditions for heightened insecurity. 

Tournament: UMKC  | Round: Round 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
 

The condemnation of structures of oppression without recognizing the importance of forgiveness creates a dualism between oppressors and victims that prevents the recognition of our common humanity and stops human liberation.

 Sulak Sivaraksa,granted the Right Livelihood Award, also known as Alternative Nobel Prize. co-founded the Asian Cultural Forum on Development and the International Network of Engaged Buddhists. Conflict, Culture, Change: Engaged Buddhism in a Globalizing World. 2005 p. 31-32

The issue of collective guilt has received much attention since

AND

 understand our relationship to others and transcend our pride and delusion.

The recognition of social position within overarching social structures necessarily requires an ego “I” self to declare it's location and this self prevents truthful communication that is key to sustain good relationships with others and our authentic selves.

SURYA DAS, LAMA. "Right Speech: Speaking the Truth." ENotAlone. 2008. 20 Oct. 2008 http:~/~/www.enotalone.com/article/4735.html

In the context of Dharma, speech is a particularly compelling I

AND

and ask ourselves if we are moving in the direction of more honesty, or not.

The affirmatives emphasis on freedom as an ultimate and goal worthy of pursuit can not last—as soon as someone gains freedom they look to give it away

David Loy, Professor in the Faculty of International Studies at Bunkyo University, Japan.  A Buddhist History of the West; Studies in Lack. 2002 p.20-29

THE INTERDEPENDENCE 0F FREEDOM AND TYRANNY To understand

AND

 that grounds me in the cosmos, I shall try to ground myself in more individualistic, selfish ways.

Buddhism prioritizes a liberatory orientation to our inevitable suffering instead of social engineering which fails to create effective change

Ken Jones, lifelong activist and a Zen practitioner for over 30 years and founding member of the UK Network of Engaged Buddhist. The New Social Face of Buddhism; a Call to action. 2003 p 39-41 

1n 1859, in the Preface to his Critique of Political Economy, Karl Man; pronounced that

AND

Buddhism needs sociology, and sociology Buddhism, in order to make this translation credible, comprehensible -and liberative.

The sense of Ego “I” Self is at the center of all hierarchal structures are created.

David Loy, professor in the faculty of International Studies at Bunkyo University in Japan. The Great Awakening; A Buddhist Social Theory. 2003 p. 195-196

These essays address a wide range of social issues, but when we penetrate t

AND

 secure ourselves by achieving total control over our home and mother, the biosphere.’

The alternative is to engage in the act of staring into one anothers eyes

Staring into each others eyes will transcend the self by recognizing a common humanity that resolves hierarchies

Deena Metzger, author of What Dinah Thought, Looking for the Faces of God, Tree and The Woman Who Slept With Men to Take the War Out of Them. Dharma Gaia. Edited by Alan Hunt Badiner. 1990 p. 209-210

A fundamental question of our time is whether we can

AND

your existence in ways that you have never experienced before.

The meditation of the alternative  transcends the self which allows to cope with the suffering of racism –

Robin Hart, corporate attorney and has a MA in theology. . Not Turning Away; The Practice of Engaged Buddhism edited by Susan Moon. 2004 p. 38- 45

I need to find a way to deal with my anger at racism before

AND

, I see the worth of Buddhist practice, of being aware of my body, my breath, and my pain. This is where I start

The alternative creates universal friendship in which we recognize all beings as equal instead of prioritizing only ourselves and those similar to us.

Hayes, Richard. "Buddhist Views on Overcoming Obstacles to

Universal Friendship" 2003. University of New Mexico. 8 Oct. 2008 http:~/~/www.unm.edu/~~rhayes/hayes_pdf

One of the principal themes of the Conference on Actualizing

AND

 people from a different people or a foreign nation

The Alternative’s contemplation about impermanence will allow us to die happy

Thubten Chodron, studied and practiced Buddhism in India and Nepal since 1975and resident teacher at Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle. Buddhism for Beginners 2001 p. 40-1

Contemplating impermanence and death also

AND

 is important while we are alive and will avoid such regrets at the time of death.

The suffering the aff aims to solve might seem nice, but its simply a stop gap solution- the root of suffering lies in the mind and the aff can’t liberate us from that suffering—prefer the alternatives way to alleviate suffering

Thubten Chodron, studied and practiced Buddhism in India and Nepal since 1975and resident teacher at Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle. Buddhism for Beginners 2001 p 104

In addition, we must remember that difficulties and

AND

our spiritual practice, knowing that it will ultimately lead to the cessation of our own and others' suffering

Tournament: ESU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Emporia  | Judge: Bonitto 

Speaking from a social location is a creation of the ego “I” self

SURYA DAS, LAMA. "Right Speech: Speaking the Truth." ENotAlone. 2008. 20 Oct. 2008 http:~/~/www.enotalone.com/article/4735.html

In the context of Dharma, speech

AND

need to stop and ask ourselves if we are moving in the direction of more honesty, or not.

The Impact is human liberation which is the ability to accept the inevitability of our suffering which allows us to experience a life without fear of loss, suffering, or death.

Ken Jones, lifelong activist and a Zen practitioner for over 30 years and founding member of the UK Network of Engaged Buddhist. The New Social Face of Buddhism; a Call to action. 2003 p 39-41 

1n 1859, in the Preface to his Critique of Political Economy

AND

 needs sociology, and sociology Buddhism, in order to make this translation credible, comprehensible -and liberative.

The sense of Ego “I” Self is at the center of all hierarchies of dominance and oppression that are created

David Loy, professor in the faculty of International Studies at Bunkyo University in Japan. The Great Awakening; A Buddhist Social Theory. 2003 p. 195-196

These essays address a wide range of social issues,

AND

over our home and mother, the biosphere.’

We propose the following alternative : Mindful Breathing

Meditation ensures human liberation by accommodating to the suffering cause by the ego “I” self not being separate and independent—this realization and dwelling caused by meditation is what also allows for mindfulness and compassion to be fostered

David Loy, Besl Professor of Ethics/ Religion and Society at Xavier University and a Zen Teacher in the linage of Koun Yamada. Money, Sex, War, Karma; Notes for a Buddhist Revolution. 2008 p. 21-23

Transforming our karma in this way is very

AND

more compassionate beings devoted to the welfare and awakening of everyone.

Tournament: ESU | Round: Round 6 | Opponent: UCO AB | Judge: Vega

A. Interpretation - Reduce excludes eliminate

Words and Phrases, 2 (vol 36B, p. 80)

Mass. 1905.  Rev.Laws, c.203, § 9, provides that,

or bring to an inferior state.—Green v. Sklar, 74 N.E. 595, 188 Mass. 363.

Regulations aren't restrictions.

the free dictionary 2005 ("restriction," http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/restriction)

any limitation on activity, by statute, regulation

, recorded and incorporated into the title of each owner.

Tournament: ESU  | Round: Round 6 | Opponent: UCO AB | Judge: Vega

By Rejecting death you are rejecting life, they are two sides of the same coin—the suffering you say arises can only be solved by the alternative.

David Loy, prof on the Faculty of International Studies at Bunkyo University, Japan. Student of Zen for over twenty years and is a qualified Zen Teacher. Lack and Transcendence; The Problem of Death and Life in Psychotherapy, Existentialism , and Buddhism.1996 P.  xiii

Sakyamuni Buddha declared that he taught

AND

of life and death implies a death-in-life.

Buddhism embraces individual human liberation as opposed to social engineering which will fail to create effective change – This comes before all impacts including nuclear war

Ken Jones, lifelong activist and a Zen practitioner for over 30 years and founding member of the UK Network of Engaged Buddhist. The New Social Face of Buddhism; a Call to action. 2003 p 39-41 

1n 1859, in the Preface to his Critique of Political

AND

in order to make this translation credible, comprehensible -and liberative.

We propose the following alternative : Mindful Breathing

Mindful breathing ensures human liberation by accepting the suffering caused by the ego “I” self lack of an independent and permanent existence—this realization and dwelling caused by meditation is what also allows for mindfulness and compassion to be fostered

David Loy, Besl Professor of Ethics/ Religion and Society at Xavier University and a Zen Teacher in the linage of Koun Yamada. Money, Sex, War, Karma; Notes for a Buddhist Revolution. 2008 p. 21-23

Transforming our karma in this way is very

more compassionate beings devoted to the welfare and awakening of everyone.

Tournament: ESU | Round: Round 6 | Opponent: UCO AB | Judge: Vega

Alt cause- laundry list- gas doesn’t solve

Swift, 12 -- American Chemistry Council chief economist and managing director

(Thomas, "What Will 2012 Bring?" 1-13-12, www.chemicalprocessing.com/articles/2012/what-will-2012-bring/?show=all, accessed 9-22-12, mss)

A two-speed manufacturing sector, with

AND

and replacement needs. Unfortunately, today's massive housing inventory will delay a full recovery until later this decade.

Regulations irrelevant

Smith, 12 -- Big4 staff

(Kalen, "KPMG Predicts Bright Future for U.S. Chemical Industry," 6-28-12, www.big4.com/kpmg/kpmg-predicts-bright-future-for-u-s-chemical-industry/, accessed 9-22-12, mss)

KPMG’s chemical industry analysts said the industry

AND

those changes will be significant enough to threaten the revenue potential of the industry.

Chemical industry resilient- war chests

KPMG, 12

("Commercialization Of Shale Gas Points To Unprecedentedly Bright Outlook For U.S. Chemical Industry: KPMG Report," 6-27-12, www.kpmg.com/us/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/press-releases/pages/commercialization-of-shale-gas-points-to-unprecedentedly-bright-outlook-for-u-s-chemical-industry-kpmg-report.aspx, accessed 9-22-12, mss)

Efficient, Cash-strong companies eyeing

AND

cracked open to enhance shareholder value and take advantage of synergies in the market.

Empirically denied- chemical industry got along fine for decades before the gas boom

No impact- outsourcing

Shotter, 12 – Financial Times staff

(James, "Chemical industry warns of green threat," Financial Times, 6-24-12, www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/2139861c-baec-11e1-81e0-00144feabdc0.html#axzz277hhJ3Ln, accessed 9-21-12, mss)

“We are a commoditised industry where people

AND

out that carbon taxes were only one factor in rising energy prices.

Tournament: ESU | Round: Round 6 | Opponent: UCO AB | Judge: Vega

Economic decline doesn’t cause war

Morris Miller, economist, adjunct professor in the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Administration, consultant on international development issues, former Executive Director and Senior Economist at the World Bank, Winter 2000, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, Iss. 4, “Poverty as a cause of wars?” p. Proquest

The question may be reformulated.

AND

(thereby using one form of violence to abort another).

AN ECONOMIC DOWNTURN REDUCES THE RISK OF WAR—politicians – not a turn, its not reverse causal

BOEHMER 07

Charles R. Boehmer. "The Effects of Economic Crisis, Domestic Discord, and State Efficacy on the Decision to Initiate Interstate Conflict" Politics and Policy 35.4 (2007): 774-809. Available at: http:~/~/works.bepress.com/charles_boehmer/8url:http://works.bepress.com/charles_boehmer/8  Assistant Professor of Political Science at The University of Texas at El Paso.  D.A. 7-15-10

A people suffering from economic

AND

that a rally effect occurs so automatically, especially in a general sample of states.

The economy will always rebound

John Tamny is editor of RealClearMarkets, a senior economist with H.C. Wainwright Economics and a senior economic adviser to Toreador Research and Trading. Recessions Are Self-Correcting, Forbes.com March 3, 2009. http://www.forbes.com/2009/03/06/recession-correction-employment-opinions-columnists-john-tamny.html

Banking giant JPMorgan Chase announced Feb.

AND

recessions set the stage for economic recovery.

Pakistan Revelation is inevitable

 Irshad Salim Pakistany Think Tank on Public Policy “ Altaf Ready to Return for Revolution “  http:~/~/despardes.com/?p=18395url:http://despardes.com/?p=18395 2010

There are talks of revolution amidst upheaval

AND

Khan Jamali threw support behind change while appearing on Front Line on Saturday.

An economic downturn would trigger a Pakistani revolution

 S.R. Shearer is a graduate of the University of California where he earned a Bachelor's degree (1964) and a Master's degree (1967) in history. He also attended the United States Defense Language Institute in Monterey where he studied German. From 1967 to 1972 he served as an intelligence officer in Europe; in Vietnam he served with the 525th Intelligence Group (see note below), Special Operations Branch and at the Phoenix School at Vung Tau (see note below); he earned the Bronze Star, and the Joint Services Commendation Medal for intelligence information he developed and PERSONALLY briefed to General Creighton Abrams, Commander of all forces in Vietnam, and Ambassador Colby, CIA Station Chief in Vietnam (later head of the CIA); the information that he developed was also briefed to the American Delegation at the Paris Peace Talks. Shearer held Top Secret, Special Intelligence, Codeword security, Eyes Only clearances; also Cosmic, NATO and Atomic clearances. “ THE COMING BUBBA REVOLUTION” http:~/~/www.antipasministries.com/html/htm 2009

The riots triggered in Egypt last year by sharp

AND

country become a full-fledged haven for extremists."

Civil War would lead Pakistan’s nukes getting into the wrong hands causing India Pakistan Nuclear War

Peter Brookes. Barack's Blunder Invade a Nuclear Power?, NY Post. August 2, 2007 http:~/~/www.nypost.com/seven/08022007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/baracks_blunder_opedcolumnists_peter_brookes.htm?page=2%29url:http://www.nypost.com/seven/08022007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/baracks_blunder_opedcolumnists_peter_brookes.htm?page=2%29

The fall of Musharraf's government might

AND

any number of targets, including the United States.

Pakistan collapse now better than latter because of US snatch teams—if we wait they will be pulled out

 IAN BRUCE, DEFENCE CORRESPONDENT for the Heralld. “ Special forces on standby over nuclear threat” http:~/~/www.heraldscotland.com/871766  dec 31 2007

US special forces snatch squads are on standby to seize

AND

fairly quickly" in the event of a national crisis such as confrontation with India.

Economic collapse in Russia would cause corruption reform to be enacted – now is unique time

Anders Åslund, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute since 2006. He is also an adjunct professor at Georgetown University. He examines the economies of Russia. Sergei Guriev, Morgan Stanley Professor of Economics at and rector of the New Economic School in Moscow. He is also the president of the Center for Economic and Financial Research at the New Economic School.  and Andrew C. Kuchins, senior fellow and director of the CSIS Russia and Eurasia Program.  Russia after the Global Economic Crisis, Peterson Institute for International Economics. May 2010 http:~/~/www.iie.com/publications/briefs/pdf

 Despite its deficiencies, Russia successfully responded

AND

vertical is building strong national political parties, which can exercise accountability.

Empirically Russian corruption has led to terrorism from Chechnya

Kim Murphy, Times Staff Writer. Russia May Pay for Bribes in Lives, LA Times. November 8, 2004. http:~/~/www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/110804LATimes_shtml

Corruption is a daily routine in Russia, but no longer is it

AND

Beslan, she said, "but they didn't have enough money."

Chechnyan Terrorism easily goes nuclear

Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School. Nuclear Terrorism: How Serious a Threat to Russia?, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. September/October 2004 http:~/~/belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/660/nuclear_html

 A careful reader of the discussion in the

AND

and terror on unprepared civilian targets.

Terminates in nuclear war because of the dead hand

Ron Rosenbaum. The Return of the Doomsday Machine?, Slate. August 31, 2007. http://www.slate.com/id/2173108/pagenum/all/

"The nuclear doomsday machine." It's a Cold War term

AND

fully operational in January 1985. It is still in place." 

Tournament: ESU | Round: Round 6 | Opponent: UCO AB | Judge: Vega

Technology ensures adaptation

Goklany 2011 - a science and technology policy analyst for the United States Department of the Interior (Indur M., “Misled on Climate Change: How the UN IPCC (and others) Exaggerate the Impacts of Global Warming” December 2011, http:~/~/goklany.org/library/Reason%20CC%20and%20Development%202011.pdf, PZ)

A third approach would be to fix the root cause of

AND

while cellular phone users went from 0 per 100 to 33 per 100.

Biodiversity levels are higher than any time in planetary history -- loss is inevitable, impossible to forestall, and doesn’t cause catastrophe -- it’s a natural part of ecosystem evolution.

NPR 07 (North Pacific Research, The Myth of Biodiversity, 5/30/2007, northpacificresearch.com/downloads/The_myth_of_biodiversity.doc)//EM

Change is a vital part of the environment. A successful

AND

occurring, but we can position the human species to survive those changes. 

Ecosystems empirically recover

Douglas Boucher, Department of Biology at Hood College, Appalachian Environmental Laboratory at the University of Maryland, Fall 1996, Science and Society, “Not with a bang but a whimper,” Vol. 60, Iss. 3, proquest

The political danger of catastrophism is matched

AND

is replace environments we value by those we do not like” (Levins and Lewontin, 1994).

Airplanes will ensure that temperatures stay in control

Dr. David M. Chapman, May 2006, Honorary Associate, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney. “Global Warming, are we hiding behind a smokescreen?” Geodate, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p6-8, 3p

Significant growth in (jet) air traffic in

AND

r the contiguous US increased by 1.1 degrees Celsius over the period (Travis, et al, 2002)

Our Evidence Uses Satellite Data Which is the Most Objective

Taylor, 2011 (James Taylor, senior fellow for environment policy at The Heartland Institute and managing editor of Environment and Climate News, “New NASA Data Blow Gaping Hole In Global Warming Alarmism” Yahoo News, July 27th, 2011, Online @ http://news.yahoo.com/nasa-data-blow-gaping-hold-global-warming-alarmism-192334971.html ht)

NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through

AND

will tell us a great deal about how honest the purveyors of global warming alarmism truly are.

CO2 is the lifeblood of plants – it increases their water use efficiency, enhances stomatas, allows for plants and animals to live in uninhabitable places, prevents soil erosion, solves all sorts of environmental stress, and solves worldwide starvation

All the Idsos Sherwood Idso, Keith Idso, and Craig Idso C02 science magazine Volume 6, Number 37 9/10/2003

In a broad review of the scientific literature, Idso (2001)http://www.co2science.org/edit/v4_edit/v4n50edit.htm

AND

both developing and developed countries are, and will be, sharing equally."

The impact is extinction

Sherwood B. Idso and Keith E. Idso. Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Could Dramatically Increase Global Agricultural Production By Thwarting the Adverse Effects of Ozone Pollution. CO2 Science Vol 4, Number 43. October 24, 2001 http://www.co2science.org/articles/V4/N43/EDIT.php

Think about the implications of these findings.  A doubling of

AND

to appropriate ever more land and water to grow the food required to feed itself (Tilman et al., 2001).

C02 increases the ability of plants to act as sinks which solves warming

All the Idsos Sherwood Idso, Keith Idso, and Craig Idso C02 science magazine Volume 6, Number 42 10/15/03

In light of these observations, plus the fact

AND

many to be reducing the rate of global warming.

Carbon Sequestration of cropland soils could ALONE offset the effect of Fossil Fuel emissions

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2000 “Carbon Sequestration Options Under the Clean Development Mechanism to Address Land Degradation”, World Soil Resources Reports 92. p 9-10

The agricultural soils and forestry sectors,

AND

soils for carbon sequestration was not included as a valid activity because of perceived uncertainties regarding verification of changes in carbon stocks. 

Tournament: ESU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Emporia BW | Judge: 

Extinction comes first the right to life is the highest value to uphold in extreme situations based upon a consequentialist loose utilitarianism

Kateb 1992
 George, professor of politics @ Princeton University.  "The Inner Ocean:  Individualism and Democratic Culture."

What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many

AND

enslavement or utter degradation or misery; they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)

Everyone has a desire to find meaning to life and they can and will find it even in the worst of circumstances

Oral Cancer Foundation, The Last Taboo (Part 1). March 02, 2009 http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/emotional/last_taboo.htm

The concepts of Viktor Frankl, as suggested earlier, are helpful in dealing with serious

AND

and nurtured while you were here. . . . Death ends a life, not a relationship."

Debates by non-government actors about future crises are critical distopian visions that can mobilize transnational movements that are effectively pressuring governments into preventing nuclear annihilation

Kurasawa, 04 (Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004).

In the twenty-first century, the lines of political

AND

as nuclear war, ecological pollution, species extinction, genetic engineering, and mass human rights violations).

Any problem that they identify about futurism will only be worse in a world where we give up.  Either others will decide for us or we will be overwhelmed by crises.  Futurism may have flaws but scenario planning by citizens is the best hope that we have.

Kurasawa, 04 (Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004).

None of this is to disavow the international

AND

project, for we will not inherit a better future. It must be made, starting with us, in the here and now

Just because we cannot predict the future with total certainty does not mean that we cannot make educated guesses.  And, scenario planning is key to making responsible choices. We are obligated to take care of the planet if we have a significant role to play.

Kurasawa, 04 (Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004).

A radically postmodern line of thinking, for instance

AND

 for it, the idea of early warning is making its way into preventive action on the global stage.

1- The Kritik avoids governmental politics—this results in a extreme right takeover that leads to extinction

Carl Boggs, National University, Los Angeles, December 1997, “The great retreA2: Decline of the public sphere

in latetwentieth-century America”, Theory and Society, Volume 26, Number 6, JDI

The decline of the public sphere in late

AND

likely become what Hobbes anticipated: the embodiment of those universal, collective interests that had vanished from civil society. 75

2- Extreme Right takeover
 A) Failure to engage in the political process will result in the takeover by the extreme right, leading to discrimination and war worldwide

Rorty 98 – professor emeritus of comparative literature and philosophy, by courtesy, at Stanford University (Richard, “ACHIEVING OUR COUNTRY: Leftist Thought in Twentieth-Century America”, 1998, pg. 89-94)

*WE DO NOT ENDORSE GENDERED LANGUAGE*

Many writers on socioeconomic policy have warned that the

AND

which is everywhere and nowhere, as evanescent and insistent as a resourceful spook."10

B) This ensures science is abandoned

David Brin. Political Science, eSkeptic. October 13, 2005. http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/05-10-13/

According to Chris Mooney, author of The Republican War on Science

AND

 holds sway in countless boardrooms and every branch of government.

Science will make good predictions because of its process of establishing truth-- Not using science will ensure inaction on global warming

Tad Johnson, a graduate of UW-Madison in Computer Science and currently work in the IT field, but my interests include urban planning, energy policy, photography, and entrepreneurship. Science, TadFad.com. Nov 14th, 2006  http:~/~/www.tadfad.com/2006/11/14/science/http://www.tadfad.com/2006/11/14/science/

Science is one of the few places one can find Truth.

AND

familiar enough with science to understand this fundamental difference.

Objective reality exists and can be learned even if it is only controlled by senses that are subjective

Paul's Tips, Does objective reality exist?. May 16, 2006 http:~/~/www.paulstips.com/brainbox/pt/home.nsf/link/15052006-nsf/link/15052006-Does-objective-reality-exist

From Scientologists, to The Matrix, to a recent post

AND

we have to deal with reality as we currently understand it. And the best way to do that is establishing its rules using science

Science solves overpopulation

Urban – graduate of polisci at northern arizona university – 2001

jessica le ann, constructing blame: overpopulation environmental security and international relations, august, women and international development, working paper #273

The second primary position within the population

AND

solutions to the problems humans have created.

Overpopulation independently leads to extinction

Ehrlich and Ehrlich – Professor of Population Studies and Biological Sciences at Stanford –1990

Paul and Anna, “The Population Explosion”, online, http:~/~/www.ditext.com/ehrlich/html

By now it should be clear to you that humanity

AND

birthrate to slightly below the death rate for a few centuries

The scientific method ensures nanotechnology

Blue Penguin Report, Nanotechnology: We Are Expanding Our World by Making it Smaller. January 16, 2010 http:~/~/vagabondguru.com/BluePenguinReportDaily/2009/03/html

The list keeps getting bigger - the more I explore nano sciences

AND

 and rigorous attention to scientific detail we will continue to expand our world... by making it smaller.

Nanotechnology would provide a utopia—people would literally live exactly how they would want to

Drexler, 86

(Eric, Nanotechnologist, “Engines of Creation,” Accessed 7/13/08, http://www.e-drexler.com/d/06/00/EOC/EOC_Chapter_15.html) KMH

This, then, is the size of the future's promise. Though limits to

AND

today is not to plan or build utopias but to seek a chance to try.

Space exploration depends on science

Tarig Malik, Staff Writer. Space Commission Gets Advice on Sustaining Public Interest in Bush Vision, Space.com. April 16, 2004. http://www.space.com/news/commission_sustainability_040416.html

If NASA plans to sustain its mission of sending

AND

Presidential Commission on the Implementation on United States Space Exploration Policy

Space is necessary to solve multiple scenarios for extinction

Stephen Hawking, Worlds Smartest Person.  Stephen Hawking: Humans Must Colonize Space Or Risk Extinction, Pleasant Morning Buzz. June 14, 2006 http://www.pleasantmorningbuzz.com/blog/614061

Astrophysicist Stephen Hawking says that the future of the

AND

nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus or other dangers we have not yet thought of."

Seeing earth from space solves your impacts

AbsoluteAstronomy.com, Pale Blue Dot. 2009. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Pale_Blue_Dot

Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home.

AND

preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known 

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: KU CG | Judge: Chin

Obama wins in a narrow victory now – 'Misery index' proves

Simon Kennedy et al  10/11 Alexander Kowalski and Steve Matthews, Bloomberg, “Obama Finding Election Cheer in Misery Index: Cutting Research,” 10/11/12, (Obama Finding Election Cheer in Misery Index: Cutting Research accessed 10/12/12)

President Barack Obama should find happiness in the

AND

over the term it was accurate every election.

Plan unpopular – safety perceptions

The Economist 12 February 18th, The 30-year itch America’s nuclear industry struggles to get off the floor, http:~/~/www.economist.com/node/21547803url:http://www.economist.com/node/21547803

Still, nuclear power faces strong headwinds.

AND

been as quiet as its nuclear industry, but as one comes to life so will the other.

Romney guts US Russia relations

Larison 12 Columnist for the American Conservative

Daniel Larison “U.S.-Russian Relations Would Get Much Worse Under Romney” http:~/~/www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/u-s-russian-relations-would-get-much-worse-under-romney/http://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/u-s-russian-relations-would-get-much-worse-under-romney/, 6/27/12

Putin doesn’t actually want a “hard-line conservative in the

AND

relations will deteriorate much more than they have in the last year.

Nuclear war

ALLISON  11  Director @ Belfer Center for Science and Int’l Affairs @ Harvard’s Kennedy School, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense, Robert D. Blackwill, Senior Fellow – Council on Foreign Relations   Graham Allison, “10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters”, Politico -- October 31 -- http:~/~/dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6

That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a

AND

preventing U.N. Security Council resolutions.

Tournament: UNLV  | Round: 1 | Opponent: KU CG | Judge: Chin

Hegemony is irrelevant – states will remain peaceful even with power shifts

Fettweis, 6—political science professor @ Tulane

Christopher, National Security Decision Making Department, US Naval War College, 'A Revolution in International Relation Theory: Or, What If Mueller Is Right?,' International Studies Review, 8 (4), 677-697, pg. Blackwell

Theories about the mechanisms driving and

AND

survival were they able to devote time to other, perhaps higher pursuits.

No wars would occur in the squo

Fettweis 6—political science professor @ Tulane

(Christopher, professor of political science @ Tulane, International Studies Review, 8, 677-697, EBSCO)

However, one need not be convinced about the potential

AND

grown obsolete, perhaps scholars should ask why anyone should believe that it could not.

Heg Decline Inevitable Multiple Reasons

A.) China and India rise

DREZNER 3 – 4 - 2008 Associate Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and the author of "All Politics Is Global." Foreign Affairs http:~/~/www.foreignaffairs.org/20070301faessay86203/daniel-w-drezner/html KW

Throughout the twentieth century, the list of the world's great powers was

AND

future of these international regimes will be uncomfortably uncertain.

B. China, Russia greater response

Haass 5-6-2008 President of the Council on Foreign Relations

http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080501faessay87304-p40/richard-n-haass/the-age-of-nonpolarity.html

Power and influence are less and less linked

AND

demonstrated an ability to resist U.S. entreaties, as have Iran, North Korea, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe.

The status quo is transitioning to offshore balancing which solves terrorism and smoothes the transition

Layne 12 (Christopher Layne, PhD in political science from the University of California at Berkeley, JD from the University of Southern California Law Center, LLM in international law from the University of Virginia Law School, Mary Julia and George R Jordan professor of international affairs at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University, research fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at the Independent Institute, former associate professor of international studies at the University of Miami, former fellow in the Center for Social Theory and Comparative History at the University of California Los Angeles, former fellow at the CATO Institute, former fellow at the Center for International Studies at the University of Southern California, former MacArthur Foundation fellow in global security, former visiting professor at the Naval Postgraduate School, former research fellow at the Center for Science and International Affairs in the Kennedy School at Harvard University, former member of the professional staff at the Arroyo Center at the California Institute of Technology, former foreign policy analyst for NATO, 1-27-12, “The (Almost) Triumph of Offshore Balancing,” http:~/~/nationalinterest.org/commentary/org/commentary/almost-triumph-offshore-balancing-6405) GZ

Although cloaked in the reassuring boilerplate about American military preeminence

AND

strategic preoccupation of the United States during the next two decades will be its own decline and China’s rise.

Offshore balancing is not the same as hegemony—regional powers would provide for defense

CHRISTOPHER LAYNE. America’s Middle East grand strategy after Iraq: the moment for offshore balancing has arrived, Review of International Studies. 2009 http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FRIS%2FRIS35_01%2FS0260210509008304a.pdfandcode=8f03534ab51907f83e3ad43a422129d3

Offshore balancing is based on the assumption that the most

AND

and the Middle East are a much needed reminder that this is a test Wilsonianism too often fails.

Offshore balancing would have regional hegemons ensure stability in regions

Christopher Layne, associate professor in the School of International Studies at the University of Miami. Offshore Balancing RevisitedThe Washington Quarterly • 25:2 Spring 2002

Like primacy, offshore balancing is a strategy

AND

rather than looking to the United States to do it for them.

Offshore balancing prevents wars and counterbalancing because of non interference

Christopher Layne, associate professor in the School of International Studies at the University of Miami. Offshore Balancing RevisitedThe Washington Quarterly • 25:2 Spring 2002

Second, although a competitive component to U.S. relations

AND

United States to minimize the risks of open confrontation with the new great powers.

Hegemony causes US-China war.

Gries 7 (Harold J. and Ruth Newman Chair in U.S.-China Issues and Director of the Institute for U.S.-China Issues at the University of Oklahoma. Director of the Sino-American Security Dialogue (SASD) “Harmony, Hegemony, and US – China Relations”)

And this is what strikes me as new, and potentially dangerous,

AND

and threat that undermine U.S.-China relations.

US-China war causes extinction

The Straits Times (Singapore), June 25, 2000, “Regional Fallout: No one gains in war over Taiwan,” p. Lexis

THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war

AND

for China puts sovereignty above everything else.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: KU CG | Judge: Chin

Terrorists do not have access to lose nukes, multiple safeguards check even if they were stolen, and even if a nuclear state collapse their material would be safe.

Mueller ‘10

John Mueller, professor of political science at Ohio State University. “Calming Our Nuclear Jitters”. Issues in Science and Technology. 1/1/2010. Vol.26,Iss.2;p.58-66. Academic Search Premiere.

The terrorist group might also seek to steal or illicitly

AND

the case of Pakistan, the weapons would be disassembled.

States won’t assist -- too many risks, empirical proof.

Mueller 7 – PhD in political science from UCLA, professor of political science at Ohio State University (John Mueller, “Reactions and Overreactions to Terrorism: The Atomic Obsession”, American Political Science Association, July 24, 2007, http:~/~/psweb.sbs.ohio-state.edu/faculty/jmueller/APSA2007.PDF)~/~/PDF)//MG

Assistance by a state A favorite fantasy of imaginative alarmists

AND

the Taliban government (Burke 2003, 150, 164-65; Wright 2006, 230-1, 287-88; Cullison 2004).

No escalation – Policy maker don't use nukes to reply to non-nuclear threats

Kimball ‘9

Daryl. President of the ACA. Change U.S. Nuclear Policy? Yes, We Can. September 2009. http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_09/focus.

Given the United States’ conventional military edge, no plausible

AND

significant political decisions since Hiroshima.”

The US can’t prevent proliferation.

Mez, ‘12

Lutz, senior Associate Professor at the Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, and managing director of the Environmental Policy Research Centre, “Nuclear energy – any solution for sustainability and climate protection?” Energy Policy, Science Direct

Viewed in historical terms, military use of nuclear energy has gone

AND

which decides whether a country develops nuclear weapons or not.

Nuclear leadership is impossible -- US arsenal creates hypocrisy and international resentment.

Perkovich, ‘8

George, vice president for studies and director of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “Abolishing Nuclear Weapons: Why the United States Should Lead,” October, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/abolishing_nuclear_weapons.pdf

This Brief summarizes four security interests that would be

AND

a system that looks like it was designed to favor just a few?

US pressure won’t be effective without huge arsenal cuts.

Daalder and Lodal, ‘8
 Ivo, Brookings Institute Senior Fellow, Jan, US Atlantic Council Former President, Former White House and Defense Department Official to Nixon, Ford, Clinton, Foreign Affairs, "The Logic of Zero," Vol. 87, Issue 6, EBSCO

As the United States works diplomatically to create a

AND

that they are demanding Iran, North Korea, and every other nuclear aspirant accept.

No risk of prolif, it wouldn’t cause a chain reaction, and it would be slow at worst - your evidence is alarmism

Gavin 10 (Francis, Tom Slick Professor of International Affairs and Director of the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law @ the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs @ the University of Texas at Austin, “Sam As It Ever Was; Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War,” Lexis)

Fears of a tipping point were especially acute in the

AND

of proliferation in "respectable" states such as Germany, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

Prolif will be slow – countries don’t have a pressing need for nukes

Waltz 2000 Kenneth, Professor of Political Science at UC Berkeley, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, vI nl, Winter/Spring, http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gjia/gjia_winsprOOf.html. accessed 8/11/02cn

It is now estimated that about twenty-five countries are in

AND

the pattern in the future, in which one or two states per decade gradually develop nuclear weapons.

Nuclear acquisition catalyzes forced bargaining, replacing conflict with diplomacy in dispute settlements

Erik Gartzke and Dong-Joon Jo April 2009 (Bargaining, Nuclear Proliferation, and Interstate Disputes, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53 Issue 2, pp 209-233)

Possession of nuclear weapons increases the risks to opponents

AND

opponents are reduced. Diplomacy serves as a tool for smoothing the bumpy road of world politics.

Regional nuclear proliferation prevents CBW warfare

 Dr. Keith B. Payne, President, National Institute for Public Policy Faculty, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service National Security Studies Program, April 1998 “Why We Must Sustain Nuclear Deterrence,” http:~/~/www.nipp.org/Adobe/Op%20Ed%203_20_98.pdf

A single illustration of the lethality of biological weapons will

AND

nuclear capabilities become more, not less important for regional deterrence.

Biological weapons cause mutated and uncontrolled pathogens, culminating in extinction

 John Steinbruner, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Foreign Policy, December 22, 1997

That deceptively simple observation has immense implications.

AND

global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.

2) Extended Deterence

American extended deterrence is not credible – Cold War illustrated the difficulty of guaranteeing security to a country or area not intrinsic to U.S. security***

Christopher Layne (Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University) 2006 “The Peace of Illusions” p 165-7

During the cold war, the United States sought to deter a Soviet strategic nuclear

AND

Western Europe purportedly did during the cold war.

Extended deterrence increases the chance of American involvement in nuclear war.

Ted Galen Carpenter (director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute) 11/24/1993 "Staying Out of Potential Nuclear Crossfires" http:~/~/www.cato.org/pubs/pas/html

One of the most important challenges facing U.S. leaders

AND

the United States should distance itself from regional disputes that could go nuclear

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: KU CG | Judge: Chin

DOD SMR procurement sends a global signal of impending U.S. military aggression—-causes resentment against U.S. unilateralism

Terrence P. Smith 11, program coordinator and research assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy at the CSIS, February 16, 2011, "An Idea I Can Do Without: "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations,"" http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations

The report repeatedly emphasizes the point that “DOD’s “

AND

maybe that is where they should stay.

There’s a direct trade-off of military funding between renewables and modernization —- modernization key to military deployment

Snider 12 (Annie, Environment %26 Energy Publishing, 2/23, "Military’s alt energy programs draw Republicans’ ire", http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/02/23/2)

The idea that the administration is using DOD as a more

AND

planes fly a quarter of the time they would have otherwise flown as part of this exercise?"

No solvency—can’t find siting

King 11 (Marcus King, Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy Team at Center for Naval Analyses, LaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, "Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations", March, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf)

With respect to the requirement to “consider

AND

and that ways are planned to mitigate those impacts.

Tech barriers prevent adoption

Parthemore and Rogers 10 (Christine Parthemore, Bacevich Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Will Rogers, Research assistant at the Center for a New American Security, "Nuclear Reactors on Military Bases may be Risky", 5/20, http://www.cnas.org/node/4502)

On the other hand, opponents contend that sufficient numbers

AND

perceptions could be in the event of extended blackouts for surrounding communities.

Military operations prevent solvency

King 11 (Marcus King, Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy Team at Center for Naval Analyses, LaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, "Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations", March, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf)

DoD must also consider the potential effect of

AND

raise additional safety concerns.

No impact to collapse of commons

Martin 6—prof pol sci, U France. Chair in Economics at the Paris School of Economics. Former economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Former assistant professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies. Visiting researcher at Princeton. PhD from Georgetown. (Phillipe, "Make Trade not War?," 12 April 2006, http://www.ecore.be/Papers/1177063947.pdf)

Does globalization pacify international relations? The “liberal

AND

 military conflicts even taking into account the increase in the number of sovereign states.

Tournament: UNLV  | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Fullerton CT | Judge: Kurr, Russell, Williams

The affirmative's attempt to reorient our ethics, resolve exploitation, and dissolve energy hierarchies is the search for a better life, filled with hope that we will not suffer when we are free from the external conditions that cause our material suffering. That orientation of hope inevitably causes our suffering—as the manipulation of material reality fails to satisfy our psycho-existential anxiety. only through full acceptance of the world as it is allows us to achieve human liberation.

Kurt Spellmeyer, award-winning teacher and scholar in the English department at Rutgers University and authorized to teach Zen by Kangan Glenn Webb. Buddha at the Apocalypse; Awakening From a Culture of Destruction. 2010 p. 58-62

At the start of his search for enlightenment the young man later

AND

will change and this world will become a very different place.

Worrying about the future of ethics and social structures ensures the ego “I” self to be reified by creating a chain of memories that portrays the self as an independently existing being within the linear container of time.

David Loy, professor on the faculty of international studies at Bunkyo University, Japan and student of Zen Buddhism. Non Duality; A Study in Comparative Philosophy. 1988 p 219-220

The genesis of this problem is in the ways our minds

AND

"specious present" (an ironic term indeed) of E. R. Clay and William James.

The impact is human liberation instead of to social engineering which will fail to create effective change.

Ken Jones, lifelong activist and a Zen practitioner for over 30 years and founding member of the UK Network of Engaged Buddhist. The New Social Face of Buddhism; a Call to action. 2003 p 39-41 

1n 1859, in the Preface to his Critique of Political Economy

AND

 needs sociology, and sociology Buddhism, in order to make this translation credible, comprehensible -and liberative.

Fundamentally the 1ac's attempt to answer the resolution with a concrete action is not the best ontological view of the resolution,  instead the answer to the resolution should be that of no answer. Therefore, we propose the following alternative:

MU

To meditate through Mu can make it so we become enlightened by dissolving the sense of ego “I” self—recognizing interdependence

David Loy, professor in the faculty of International Studies at Bunkyo University in Japan. The Great Awakening; A Buddhist Social Theory. 2003 p. 172

At the heart of this issue, as we have seen repeatedly in the

AND

everything else as his universe collapsed into one excruciating but empty pain.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Fullerton CT | Judge: Kurr, Russell, Williams
 

Extinction comes first the right to life is the highest value to uphold in extreme situations based upon a consequentialist loose utilitarianism

Kateb 1992
 George, professor of politics @ Princeton University.  "The Inner Ocean:  Individualism and Democratic Culture."

What does a theory of rights leave undecided? Many issues of

AND

or utter degradation or misery; they may kill their attackers in the attempt to end the threat.)

Everyone has a desire to find meaning to life and they can and will find it even in the worst of circumstances

Oral Cancer Foundation, The Last Taboo (Part 1). March 02, 2009 http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/emotional/last_taboo.htm

The concepts of Viktor Frankl, as suggested earlier, are helpful in

AND

nurtured while you were here. . . . Death ends a life, not a relationship."

Debates by non-government actors about future crises are critical distopian visions that can mobilize transnational movements that are effectively pressuring governments into preventing nuclear annihilation

Kurasawa, 04 (Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004).

In the twenty-first century, the lines of political cleavage are

AND

of pivotal issues (such as nuclear war, ecological pollution, species extinction, genetic engineering, and mass human rights violations).

Any problem that they identify about futurism will only be worse in a world where we give up.  Either others will decide for us or we will be overwhelmed by crises.  Futurism may have flaws but scenario planning by citizens is the best hope that we have.

Kurasawa, 04 (Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004).

None of this is to disavow the international community’s rather

AND

, for we will not inherit a better future. It must be made, starting with us, in the here and now

Disposability is a necessary part of the managerialism which is key to science.

Zey 2001 – Professor of Business

Michael, professor at Montclair State University School of Business and executive director of the Expansionary Institute, a research and consulting organization focusing on future trends in technology, society, the economy, politics, “MAN'S EVOLUTIONARY PATH INTO THE UNIVERSE” The Futurist, Vol. 35, May 2001

We must examine the many ways such developments impact the individual

AND

 eradicate age-old problems such as scarcity and poverty.  

Science will make good predictions because of its process of establishing truth-- Not using science will ensure inaction on global warming

Tad Johnson, a graduate of UW-Madison in Computer Science and currently work in the IT field, but my interests include urban planning, energy policy, photography, and entrepreneurship. Science, TadFad.com. Nov 14th, 2006  http:~/~/www.tadfad.com/2006/11/14/science/http://www.tadfad.com/2006/11/14/science/

Science is one of the few places one can find Truth.

AND

are not familiar enough with science to understand this fundamental difference.

Objective reality exists and can be learned even if it is only controlled by senses that are subjective

Paul's Tips, Does objective reality exist?. May 16, 2006 http:~/~/www.paulstips.com/brainbox/pt/home.nsf/link/15052006-nsf/link/15052006-Does-objective-reality-exist

From Scientologists, to The Matrix, to a recent post by Steve Pavlina there

AND

occurs, we have to deal with reality as we currently understand it. And the best way to do that is establishing its rules using science

Refusing to use science for decision making results in the end of science in policy making and the tyranny of the majority

Terry Newell, expert in ethics and leadership and has had a long career in public service. Who Cares What the Experts Say?- The Democratization of Science. May 10, 2010 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/terry-newell/who-cares-what-the-expert_b_569672.html

Yet the democratization of scientific expertise carries

AND

be woefully ill-equipped for the twenty-first century.

We live in a unique time where science needs to be upheld or else democracy will vanish in exchange for a genocidal theocracy

Sharon Nichols. Tyranny of the Majority, First Freedom First. October 25, 2006 http://www.firstfreedomfirst.org/node/72

We live in dangerous times. It is a sad paradox. Never have we known

AND

will assure that such oppression reaches even unto ourselves."

Democracy is key to prevent many scenarios for war and extinction

Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution senior fellow, co-editor of the Journal of Democracy, December 1995, A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s: Actors and Instruments, Issues and Imperatives,” http:~/~/wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm

OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the lists of

AND

are the only reliable foundation on which a new world order of international security and prosperity can be built.

Science solves overpopulation

Urban – graduate of polisci at northern arizona university – 2001

jessica le ann, constructing blame: overpopulation environmental security and international relations, august, women and international development, working paper #273

The second primary position within the population debates

AND

the problems humans have created.

Overpopulation independently leads to extinction

Ehrlich and Ehrlich – Professor of Population Studies and Biological Sciences at Stanford –1990

Paul and Anna, “The Population Explosion”, online, http:~/~/www.ditext.com/ehrlich/html

By now it should be clear to you that humanity is quickly

AND

solution of lowering the global birthrate to slightly below the death rate for a few centuries

The scientific method ensures nanotechnology

Blue Penguin Report, Nanotechnology: We Are Expanding Our World by Making it Smaller. January 16, 2010 http:~/~/vagabondguru.com/BluePenguinReportDaily/2009/03/html

The list keeps getting bigger - the more I

AND

attention to scientific detail we will continue to expand our world... by making it smaller.

Nanotechnology would provide a utopia—

Drexler, 86

(Eric, Nanotechnologist, “Engines of Creation,” Accessed 7/13/08, http://www.e-drexler.com/d/06/00/EOC/EOC_Chapter_15.html) KMH

This, then, is the size of the future's promise. Though

AND

today is not to plan or build utopias but to seek a chance to try.

Space exploration depends on science

Tarig Malik, Staff Writer. Space Commission Gets Advice on Sustaining Public Interest in Bush Vision, Space.com. April 16, 2004. http://www.space.com/news/commission_sustainability_040416.html

If NASA plans to sustain its mission of

AND

on the Implementation on United States Space Exploration Policy

Space is necessary to solve multiple scenarios for extinction

Stephen Hawking, Worlds Smartest Person.  Stephen Hawking: Humans Must Colonize Space Or Risk Extinction, Pleasant Morning Buzz. June 14, 2006 http://www.pleasantmorningbuzz.com/blog/614061

Astrophysicist Stephen Hawking says that the

AND

nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus or other dangers we have not yet thought of."

Seeing earth from space solves your impacts

AbsoluteAstronomy.com, Pale Blue Dot. 2009. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Pale_Blue_Dot

Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us.

AND

kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known.

Inevitable asteroid impact is coming that will cause human extinction

Philip Plait, is an astronomer and skeptic who runs the website BadAstronomy.com. He formerly worked at the physics and astronomy department at Sonoma State University and President of the James Randi Educational Foundation. Death from the Skies, 2008 p. 14-19

Sixty-five million years ago, the dinosaurs had a really bad day. Actually

AND

 had a very bad day, but our own day may yet come.

Nanotechnology solves asteroids

The Futurist, January 10, 2002, ‘Our Molecular Future’ is a bright one, book’s author says, http://www.smalltimes.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=5299/ (HARVOC5408)

Mulhall prefers to view the technological future

AND

surface, replicate themselves, and strip-mine the rogue down to nothing

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: OU BL | Judge:
 

The condemnation of structures of oppression without recognizing the importance of forgiveness creates a dualism between oppressors and victims that prevents the recognition of our common humanity and stops human liberation.

 Sulak Sivaraksa,granted the Right Livelihood Award, also known as Alternative Nobel Prize. co-founded the Asian Cultural Forum on Development and the International Network of Engaged Buddhists. Conflict, Culture, Change: Engaged Buddhism in a Globalizing World. 2005 p. 31-32

The issue of collective guilt has received much attention since

AND

 understand our relationship to others and transcend our pride and delusion.

The recognition of social position within overarching social structures necessarily requires an ego “I” self to declare it's location and this self prevents truthful communication that is key to sustain good relationships with others and our authentic selves.

SURYA DAS, LAMA. "Right Speech: Speaking the Truth." ENotAlone. 2008. 20 Oct. 2008 http:~/~/www.enotalone.com/article/4735.html

In the context of Dharma, speech is a particularly compelling I

AND

and ask ourselves if we are moving in the direction of more honesty, or not.

The affirmatives emphasis on freedom as an ultimate and goal worthy of pursuit can not last—as soon as someone gains freedom they look to give it away

David Loy, Professor in the Faculty of International Studies at Bunkyo University, Japan.  A Buddhist History of the West; Studies in Lack. 2002 p.20-29

THE INTERDEPENDENCE 0F FREEDOM AND TYRANNY To understand

AND

 that grounds me in the cosmos, I shall try to ground myself in more individualistic, selfish ways.

Buddhism prioritizes a liberatory orientation to our inevitable suffering instead of social engineering which fails to create effective change

Ken Jones, lifelong activist and a Zen practitioner for over 30 years and founding member of the UK Network of Engaged Buddhist. The New Social Face of Buddhism; a Call to action. 2003 p 39-41 

1n 1859, in the Preface to his Critique of Political Economy, Karl Man; pronounced that

AND

Buddhism needs sociology, and sociology Buddhism, in order to make this translation credible, comprehensible -and liberative.

The sense of Ego “I” Self is at the center of all hierarchal structures are created.

David Loy, professor in the faculty of International Studies at Bunkyo University in Japan. The Great Awakening; A Buddhist Social Theory. 2003 p. 195-196

These essays address a wide range of social issues, but when we penetrate t

AND

 secure ourselves by achieving total control over our home and mother, the biosphere.’

The alternative is to engage in the act of staring into one anothers eyes

Staring into each others eyes will transcend the self by recognizing a common humanity that resolves hierarchies

Deena Metzger, author of What Dinah Thought, Looking for the Faces of God, Tree and The Woman Who Slept With Men to Take the War Out of Them. Dharma Gaia. Edited by Alan Hunt Badiner. 1990 p. 209-210

A fundamental question of our time is whether we can

AND

your existence in ways that you have never experienced before.

The meditation of the alternative  transcends the self which allows to cope with the suffering of racism –

Robin Hart, corporate attorney and has a MA in theology. . Not Turning Away; The Practice of Engaged Buddhism edited by Susan Moon. 2004 p. 38- 45

I need to find a way to deal with my anger at racism before

AND

, I see the worth of Buddhist practice, of being aware of my body, my breath, and my pain. This is where I start

The alternative creates universal friendship in which we recognize all beings as equal instead of prioritizing only ourselves and those similar to us.

Hayes, Richard. "Buddhist Views on Overcoming Obstacles to

Universal Friendship" 2003. University of New Mexico. 8 Oct. 2008 http:~/~/www.unm.edu/~~rhayes/hayes_pdf

One of the principal themes of the Conference on Actualizing

AND

 people from a different people or a foreign nation

The Alternative’s contemplation about impermanence will allow us to die happy

Thubten Chodron, studied and practiced Buddhism in India and Nepal since 1975and resident teacher at Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle. Buddhism for Beginners 2001 p. 40-1

Contemplating impermanence and death also

AND

 is important while we are alive and will avoid such regrets at the time of death.

The suffering the aff aims to solve might seem nice, but its simply a stop gap solution- the root of suffering lies in the mind and the aff can’t liberate us from that suffering—prefer the alternatives way to alleviate suffering

Thubten Chodron, studied and practiced Buddhism in India and Nepal since 1975and resident teacher at Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle. Buddhism for Beginners 2001 p 104

In addition, we must remember that difficulties and

AND

our spiritual practice, knowing that it will ultimately lead to the cessation of our own and others' suffering

Tournament: UCO | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor BE | Judge: Box

The United States Department of Defense should procure Small Modular Reactors for military bases within the United States not in danger from the New Madrid Fault Line.

New Madrid Fault line is extremely vulnerable to high-magnitude earth quakes -- response would be abysmal.

ABC News, Little-known U.S. Fault Lines Cause For Seismic Concern About Potential Earthquakes. March 15, 2011 http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-fault-lines-siesmic-concern/story?id=13140354#.UIGxT2_A8rU

And the United States is ill-prepared to cope  

AND

subjected to severe ground shaking," according to the report.

Those nuclear plants will meltdown

Gronlund 2007 (Nuclear power in a Warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, Lisbeth Gronlund;  David Lochbaum;  Edwin Lyman, Union of Concerned Scientists, http:~/~/www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/pdf) JD

Safety problems remain despite a lack of   serious accidents

AND

 problems so extensive that a year or more is   needed to fix them.

Meltdowns cause extinction

Lendman, 2011

(Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,”, The People’s Voice http:~/~/www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 8-2-12, RSR)

Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100

AND

impacting the entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event.

Tournament: Any | Round: any  | Opponent: any | Judge: any

Russia

Economic collapse in Russia would cause corruption reform to be enacted – now is unique time

Anders Åslund, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute since 2006. He is also an adjunct professor at Georgetown University. He examines the economies of Russia. Sergei Guriev, Morgan Stanley Professor of Economics at and rector of the New Economic School in Moscow. He is also the president of the Center for Economic and Financial Research at the New Economic School.  and Andrew C. Kuchins, senior fellow and director of the CSIS Russia and Eurasia Program.  Russia after the Global Economic Crisis, Peterson Institute for International Economics. May 2010 http:~/~/www.iie.com/publications/briefs/pdf

 Despite its deficiencies, Russia 

AND

political parties, which can exercise accountability.

Empirically Russian corruption has led to terrorism from Chechnya

Kim Murphy, Times Staff Writer. Russia May Pay for Bribes in Lives, LA Times. November 8, 2004. http:~/~/www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/110804LATimes_shtml

Corruption is a daily routine in Russia, 

AND

 miles from Beslan, she said, "but they didn't have enough money."

Chechnyan Terrorism easily goes nuclear

Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School. Nuclear Terrorism: How Serious a Threat to Russia?, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. September/October 2004 http:~/~/belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/660/nuclear_html

 A careful reader of the discussion in the 

AND

 violence and terror on unprepared civilian targets.

Terminates in nuclear war because of the dead hand

Ron Rosenbaum. The Return of the Doomsday Machine?, Slate. August 31, 2007. http://www.slate.com/id/2173108/pagenum/all/

"The nuclear doomsday machine."

AND

 It went fully operational in January 1985. It is still in place."

Snatch

Pakistan Revelation is inevitable

Irshad Salim Pakistany Think Tank on Public Policy “ Altaf Ready to Return for Revolution “  http:~/~/despardes.com/?p=18395http://despardes.com/?p=18395 2010

There are talks of revolution 

AND

 threw support behind change while appearing on Front Line on Saturday.

An economic downturn would trigger a Pakistani revolution

 S.R. Shearer is a graduate of the University of California where he earned a Bachelor's degree (1964) and a Master's degree (1967) in history. He also attended the United States Defense Language Institute in Monterey where he studied German. From 1967 to 1972 he served as an intelligence officer in Europe; in Vietnam he served with the 525th Intelligence Group (see note below), Special Operations Branch and at the Phoenix School at Vung Tau (see note below); he earned the Bronze Star, and the Joint Services Commendation Medal for intelligence information he developed and PERSONALLY briefed to General Creighton Abrams, Commander of all forces in Vietnam, and Ambassador Colby, CIA Station Chief in Vietnam (later head of the CIA); the information that he developed was also briefed to the American Delegation at the Paris Peace Talks. Shearer held Top Secret, Special Intelligence, Codeword security, Eyes Only clearances; also Cosmic, NATO and Atomic clearances. “ THE COMING BUBBA REVOLUTION” http:~/~/www.antipasministries.com/html/file0000309.htmhttp://www.antipasministries.com/html/file0000309.htm 2009

The riots triggered in Egypt last year by sharp 

AND

 become a full-fledged haven for extremists."

Civil War would lead Pakistan’s nukes getting into the wrong hands causing India Pakistan Nuclear War

Peter Brookes. Barack's Blunder Invade a Nuclear Power?, NY Post. August 2, 2007 http:~/~/www.nypost.com/seven/08022007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/baracks_blunder_opedcolumnists_peter_brookes.htm?page=2%29url:http://www.nypost.com/seven/08022007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/baracks_blunder_opedcolumnists_peter_brookes.htm?page=2%29

The fall of Musharraf's government

AND

 of targets, including the United States.

Pakistan collapse now better than latter because of US snatch teams—if we wait they will be pulled out

 IAN BRUCE, DEFENCE CORRESPONDENT for the Heralld. “ Special forces on standby over nuclear threat” http:~/~/www.heraldscotland.com/871766  dec 31 2007

US special forces snatch squads 

AND

crisis such as confrontation with India.

China

Your economy impact is empirically key to prevent inflation and in turn radical social unrest in China

Karen Maley. China's fleeting economic control, Business Spectator. November 26, 2010 http://www.businessspectator.com.au/bs.nsf/Article/China-debt-crisis-interest-rates-commodities-infla-pd20101126-BJRW8?opendocumentandsrc=rss

There’s also a fear that rising

AND

 steps to try and maintain social stability.

And this social unrest will challenge the CCP

Richard Daughty, general partner and COO for Smith Consultant Group, serving the financial and medical communities, and the writer/publisher of the Mogambo Guru economic newsletter, an avocational exercise to better heap disrespect on those who desperately deserve it. Chinese Duality: Fast Economic Growth or Social Stability, The Daily Reckoning. September 22, 2010 http://dailyreckoning.com/chinese-duality-fast-economic-growth-or-social-stability/#ixzz170hBS6Yg

He probably heard me laughing at him, 

AND

 would think that this guy would already know about it! Hahaha! SMLOS!

That causes a desperate attempt to hold on to power ensures lash out and extinction

San Renxing,. The Epoch Times "The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed", 8/5/05. http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html

What, then, is the gist of this wild

AND

 That is the main theme of the speeches.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

China war

Hegemony causes US-China war.

Gries 7 (Harold J. and Ruth Newman Chair in U.S.-China Issues and Director of the Institute for U.S.-China Issues at the University of Oklahoma. Director of the Sino-American Security Dialogue (SASD) “Harmony, Hegemony, and US – China Relations”)

And this is what strikes 

AND

 and threat that undermine U.S.-China relations.

US-China war causes extinction

The Straits Times (Singapore), June 25, 2000, “Regional Fallout: No one gains in war over Taiwan,” p. Lexis

THE high-intensity scenario postulates 

AND

 China puts sovereignty above everything else.

Terror

U.S. hegemony causes terrorism – without it, organizations like Al Qaeda wouldn’t exist

Muzaffar 07 Chandra Muzaffar Bachelor’s Degree, Masters Degree, and Ph.D. in Political Science, Professor of Global Studies at the Centre for Policy Research and International Studies of the Universiti Sains Malaysia; he is now the President of the International Movement for a Just World, “Hegemony, Terrorism, and War – Is Democracy the Antidote?” 2007 http://static7.userland.com/ulvs1-j/gems/wlr/08muzaffar.pdf

Al-Qaeda, the world’s most notorious 

AND

violence in pursuit of its atavistic goals.4

Nuclear terrorism causes nuclear war and extinction

The Guardian, 3-31-2008, Project Syndicate, “The Nuclear Risk,” http:~/~/www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/mar/31/uk/commentisfree/2008/mar/31/newnuclearrisk

Vital pillars of the old arms-control 

AND

 consequences would be horrific.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The demand of natural gas for electricity generation is pushing prices to an equilibrium ensuring increase nat gas production to meet the demand

Santos 4/24/12—Independent trader, analyst and algorithmic trading expert w/16 years of experience ~Pauol Santos, Natural Gas In 2012: Electric Generation Switch Implications, Seeking Alfa, April 24, 2012, pg. http:~/~/seekingalpha.com/article/524061-natural-gas-in-2012-electric-generation-switch-implications~~~~http://seekingalpha.com/article/524061-natural-gas-in-2012-electric-generation-switch-implications~~~~

Due to the incredible impact the dispatch switching of coal-fired generation for natural

AND

resumption in drilling - but still this implies an equilibrium at higher  prices.  

Nuclear incentives discourage nat gas investments—utilities will pursue fuel diversity if the price is right.

C2ES 12 ~Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, "NATURAL GAS IN THE U.S. ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR," May 2012~

According to the latest Energy Information Administration (EIA) Annual Energy gov/forecasts/aeo/er/(%%) (AEO), natural gas-fired generation is expected to be just over 25 percent of the total generation mix in 2020, rising to 27 percent in 2035.

Fuel pdf(% style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " %) is an important consideration for utilities looking to reduce their reliance on any

AND

, leading to a greater reliance on natural gas in the coming years.

The US must be focused on Natural Gas to force price equilibrium.  This is key to revitalizing the manufacturing and chemical  Sectors

Magill 8/22/12 ~Jim Magill, "Manufacturers, producers see different futures for US natural gas supplies," Platts, 22 Aug 2012, http:~/~/www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/NaturalGas/6582012~~~~http://www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/NaturalGas/6582012~~~~

The rapid development of US shale natural gas resources has created an opportunity for the

AND

that there can be an equilibrium point and we can have it all."

Manufacturing is key to the industrial commons.

Lind and Freedman 12—Policy Director of Economic Growth Program %26 Policy analyst in the Economic Growth Program @ New America Foundation ~Michael Lind %26 Joshua Freedman "Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future," New America Foundation, April 2012~

Manufacturing creates an industrial commons, which spurs growth in multiple sectors of the economy

AND

expanded RandD facilities in China over the last few years.22

That sustains the earth’s carrying capacity key to solve extinction

Wilson 6/9/12—Executive Director of the International Council for Science ~Steven Wilson (PhD in Chemistry from University of Bristol and Former Director of Earth Observation, Director of Science and Innovation, and Director of Strategy and Partnerships @ UK Natural Environment Research Council), "Science is key to our sustainable future," Al Jazeera, Last Modified: 09 Jun 2012 15:41, pg.

Paris, France - Scientific evidence for dangerous, long-term and potentially irreversible

AND

livelihoods which are more equitable and how to rethink social and economic models.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The demand of natural gas for electricity generation is pushing prices to an equilibrium ensuring increase nat gas production to meet the demand

Santos 4/24/12—Independent trader, analyst and algorithmic trading expert w/16 years of experience ~Pauol Santos, Natural Gas In 2012: Electric Generation Switch Implications, Seeking Alfa, April 24, 2012, pg. http:~/~/seekingalpha.com/article/524061-natural-gas-in-2012-electric-generation-switch-implications~~~~http://seekingalpha.com/article/524061-natural-gas-in-2012-electric-generation-switch-implications~~~~

Due to the incredible impact the dispatch switching of coal-fired generation for natural

AND

resumption in drilling - but still this implies an equilibrium at higher  prices.  

Nuclear incentives discourage nat gas investments—utilities will pursue fuel diversity if the price is right.

C2ES 12 ~Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, "NATURAL GAS IN THE U.S. ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR," May 2012~

According to the latest Energy Information Administration (EIA) Annual Energy gov/forecasts/aeo/er/(%%) (AEO), natural gas-fired generation is expected to be just over 25 percent of the total generation mix in 2020, rising to 27 percent in 2035.

Fuel pdf(% style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " %) is an important consideration for utilities looking to reduce their reliance on any

AND

, leading to a greater reliance on natural gas in the coming years.

The US must be focused on Natural Gas to force price equilibrium.  This is key to revitalizing the manufacturing and chemical  Sectors

Magill 8/22/12 ~Jim Magill, "Manufacturers, producers see different futures for US natural gas supplies," Platts, 22 Aug 2012, http:~/~/www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/NaturalGas/6582012~~~~http://www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/NaturalGas/6582012~~~~

The rapid development of US shale natural gas resources has created an opportunity for the

AND

that there can be an equilibrium point and we can have it all."

Manufacturing is key to the industrial commons.

Lind and Freedman 12—Policy Director of Economic Growth Program %26 Policy analyst in the Economic Growth Program @ New America Foundation ~Michael Lind %26 Joshua Freedman "Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future," New America Foundation, April 2012~

Manufacturing creates an industrial commons, which spurs growth in multiple sectors of the economy

AND

expanded RandD facilities in China over the last few years.22

That sustains the earth’s carrying capacity key to solve extinction

Wilson 6/9/12—Executive Director of the International Council for Science ~Steven Wilson (PhD in Chemistry from University of Bristol and Former Director of Earth Observation, Director of Science and Innovation, and Director of Strategy and Partnerships @ UK Natural Environment Research Council), "Science is key to our sustainable future," Al Jazeera, Last Modified: 09 Jun 2012 15:41, pg.

Paris, France - Scientific evidence for dangerous, long-term and potentially irreversible

AND

livelihoods which are more equitable and how to rethink social and economic models.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Battles are inevitable, but Obama can negotiate a balanced deal.

Murray 1/02/13 (Sara Murray Wall Street Journal Contributor “Deal Fails to Satisfy Liberal Democrats”) http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323689604578218002010875708.html

Liberals expressed little confidence that a battle could be avoided.

AND

to be easy, and it's not going to be easy now."

Insert Link

No debt deal kills the global economy

Egan 13 (Matt, Senior Reporter for Fox Business, “How long will Wall Street's Fiscal Cliff Party Last?” http:~/~/www.foxbusiness.com/investing/2013/01/02/how-long-will-wall-streets-fiscal-cliff-party-last/http://www.foxbusiness.com/investing/2013/01/02/how-long-will-wall-streets-fiscal-cliff-party-last/, 01/02/13)

Looking out just a few months, equity investors now have to

AND

away for a couple of months,” said Wormald.

Extinction.

Kemp 10

Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4

The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first

AND

expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Despite Tensions the US-Saudi Alliance is strong because of shared oil interest.  A move to shift away from US dependence on Saudi Oil is one of the only actions that can threaten the relationship

Teitelbaum in 2011
Dr. Joshua Teitelbaum senior lecturer in Middle Eastern History, and a research associate at the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies The “OIL FOR SECURITY” US – SAUDI DEAL at a time of Arab people awakening and ongoing Saudi bluster. BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 147, July 17, 2011http://www.sustainabilitank.info/2011/07/the-oil-for-security-us-saudi-deal-at-a-time-of-arab-people-awakening-and-ongoing-saudi-bluster/

The problem is the Saudis are all bark and no bite. They have been

AND

Riyadh and Washington are still very distant from the parting of the ways threatened by some Saudi officials

Saudi Relations are key to regional power projection

Telhami and Hill 2002 (Shibley, Fiona Does Saudi Arabia Still Matter? Differing Perspectives on the Kingdom and Its Oil Foreign Affairs, November/December 2002 http:~/~/www.foreignaffairs.org/20021101faresponse10002/shibley-telhami-fiona-hill/html)

Given America's ongoing security interest in the Persian Gulf,

AND

launching operations from Saudi soil in the case of a war with Iraq.

Hegemony prevents nuclear war

Barnett 11 - chief analyst at Wikistrat, former visiting scholar at the University of Tennessee’s Howard Baker Center for Public Policy and a visiting strategist at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies (Thomas, World Politics Review, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” 3/7, http:~/~/www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads

It is worth first examining the larger picture

AND

deeply embedded in the geometry to come.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A. Interpretation- the affirmative must increase more than one method of a financial incentive and/or reduce multiple restrictions for energy production.

Plural means multiple.

Collins English Dictionary 2012 plural. (n.d.). Collins English Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved August 17, 2012, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/plural, IT//Pirate

¶ plural (ˈplʊərəl)¶ ¶ — adj¶ 1. containing,

AND

of one or more ORDERs.”

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A. Restrictions on production must mandate a decrease in the quantity produced

Anell 89 Chairman, WTO panel "To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such findings as will assist the CONTRACTING PARTIES in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in Article XXIII:2." 3. On 3 April 1989, the Council was informed that agreement had been reached on the following composition of the Panel (C/164): Composition Chairman: Mr. Lars E.R. Anell Members: Mr. Hugh W. Bartlett Mrs. Carmen Luz Guarda   CANADA - IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON ICE CREAM AND YOGHURT Report of the Panel adopted at the Forty-fifth Session of the CONTRACTING PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68) http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf

The United States argued that Canada had

AND

situation would be in the absence of all government measures. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

U.S. Russia relations stable now but they're on the brink – Russian rhetoric and spies prove

Dr. Pavel Felgenhauer, is an independent, Moscow-based defense analyst., University of Moscow, Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 9 Issue: 185, 10/11/2012, “While Increasingly Anti-Western, Russia Needs Foreign Military Technology,” (http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39957andcHash=0f883dfe6548b72801276e4563e583dd accessed 11/09/2012)

Last week, US federal prosecutors announced

AND

defense policy to cope with the threat” (www.kremlin.ru, October 5).

Increasing Energy production collapses US – Russia relations because it is perceived as influencing upon their national security – this causes nuclear war

Alexander Ghaleb, U.S. Army captain with  several assignments to infantry, military intelligence,  and special operations positions. Captain Ghaleb has  written several articles dealing with issues related to  national security. He has studied at top European universities in Germany, France, and Hungary. Captain  Ghaleb holds a B.BA. in international business from  the George Washington University, an M.A. in strategic security studies from the National Defense University, and he is an energy security Ph.D. student in  the Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy  at the Central European University, October 2011, “NATURAL GAS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF RUSSIAN STATE POWER,” (http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a551768.pdf accessed 10/31/12)

Russia is the world’s leading natural gas producer 

AND

the maximum efficient use of the Russian energy potential. 12

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

U.S-China Relations on Upswing

English.news.cn (China's State Run News Agency; English Outlet) 2012-07-24 http:~/~/news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-07/24/c_131735953.htm

BEIJING, July 24 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao said Tuesday

AND

slated to meet a number of top Chinese leaders during his stay.

Expanding U.S. Electrical Generating Capacity Causes China to Implement Export Limits

David Biello 10' Scientific American writer - Rare Earths: Elemental Needs of the Clean-Energy Economy http:~/~/www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cfm?id=rare-earths-elemental-needs-of-the-clean-energy-economy

A massive wind turbine—capable of turning

AND

particularly as China has implemented export quotas.

This Kills U.S. China Relations

Matty Robin 2011 Forigen Relations contributer to Policy Mic since 2008. http:~/~/www.policymic.com/articles/2231/u-s~-~-com/articles/2231/u-s~-~-china-relations-will-become-strained-over-rare-earth-metals

Over the past few years, tensions have risen

AND

why we did not deal with this issue earlier.

Leads to Global Econ Meltdown and War

Council on Foreign Relations Director of Asian Studies ‘99 Economy, Council on Foreign Relations Director of Asian Studies, ’99 Elizabeth, Foreign Affairs, March/April, http:~/~/www.foreignaffairs.org/19990301facomment964/elizabeth-economy/org/19990301facomment964/elizabeth-economy/painting- china-green-the-next-sino-american-tussle.html

The United States and China have

AND

economic conflicts and global instability.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

CP Text: United States Congress should pass the Miscellaneous Tariff Bill

MTB Solves Competitiveness and manufacturing

TNN 12/6. "Manufacturers Urge Congress to pass Miscellaneous Tariff Bill" Thomas Net News. Accessed 12/15/12 http:~/~/news.thomasnet.com/companystory/com/companystory/Manufacturers-Urge-Congress-to-pass-Miscellaneous-Tariff-Bill-20000272

NAM joined 104 businesses and business

AND

improve their competitiveness in an increasingly challenging global marketplace."

and jobs

TNN 12/3. "Manufacturers Urge Congress to pass Miscellaneous Tariff Bill" Thomas Net News. Accessed 12/15/12 http:~/~/news.thomasnet.com/companystory/com/companystory/Manufacturers-Urge-Congress-to-pass-Miscellaneous-Tariff-Bill-20000272

Legislation Will Boost Competitiveness and

AND

translate into lost jobs for American workers.

Now is key

Lemos 12/5. "Congress must act on the Miscellaneous Tariff Bill" By Jessica Lemos Dec. 5, 2012. Shopfloor. Accessed 12/15/2012. http:~/~/www.shopfloor.org/2012/12/congress-must-act-on-the-miscellaneous-tariff-bill/26961url:http://www.shopfloor.org/2012/12/congress-must-act-on-the-miscellaneous-tariff-bill/26961

Congress has a number of important

and

in a difficult global economy.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

US will default to plutonium reactors because they can be used in nuclear submarines.  They will shelve all plan for safer reactor designs - turns your advantage

Longore in 2012

Russell D. Longcore, owner and editor of DumpDC, also owns Masteriece Energy LLC, Abigail Morgan Austin Publishing Company and Cornerstone Claim Services in Marietta, Georgia.Nuclear Power Secrets Revealed Nuclear Power Is Expensive and Bad for the Environment. It’s Being Pushed Because It Is Good For Making Bombs http://dumpdc.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/nuclear-power-secrets-revealed/

If nuclear energy is expensive and bad for the

AND

risks of radiation. Indeed, “nuclear regulators” are really just promoters for the nuclear cycle.

History proves the plan leads to more Japan Rearment but on a secretive scale - This turns their advantage and if true means your rearm impacts are empirically denied or inevitable

Longore in 2012

Russell D. Longcore, owner and editor of DumpDC, also owns Masteriece Energy LLC, Abigail Morgan Austin Publishing Company and Cornerstone Claim Services in Marietta, Georgia.Nuclear Power Secrets RevealedNuclear Power Is Expensive and Bad for the Environment. It’s Being Pushed Because It Is Good For Making Bombs http://dumpdc.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/nuclear-power-secrets-revealed/

As veteran investigative reporter Joseph Trento – who has received six Pulitzer nominations, worked for CNN’s Special Assignment Unit, the Wilmington News Journal, and prominent journalist Jack Anderson – notes in a new report, the U.S. circumvented national and international laws to secretly give Japan nuclear weapons:

The United States deliberately allowed

AND

about a secret nuclear weapons program in Japan since the 1960s, according to CIA reports.

Japan has already rearmed because of actions like the plan - robust US nuclear power industry leads to a robust Japan Nuclear Weapons Stockpile

Longore in 2012

Russell D. Longcore, owner and editor of DumpDC, also owns Masteriece Energy LLC, Abigail Morgan Austin Publishing Company and Cornerstone Claim Services in Marietta, Georgia.Nuclear Power Secrets RevealedNuclear Power Is Expensive and Bad for the Environment. It’s Being Pushed Because It Is Good For Making Bombs http://dumpdc.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/nuclear-power-secrets-revealed/

Japan has used its electrical utility

AND

despite treaty and internal legal obligations

This was all done in Secret so your cards won't assume what actually happened.  Your advantage is non-unique and the plan only makes Japanese prolif more likely

Longore in 2012

Russell D. Longcore, owner and editor of DumpDC, also owns Masteriece Energy LLC, Abigail Morgan Austin Publishing Company and Cornerstone Claim Services in Marietta, Georgia.Nuclear Power Secrets RevealedNuclear Power Is Expensive and Bad for the Environment. It’s Being Pushed Because It Is Good For Making Bombs http://dumpdc.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/nuclear-power-secrets-revealed/

That secret effort was hidden in a nuclear

AND

program disguised as innocent energy and civil space programs.

US nuclear power development leads to secret Japanese Rearm

Longore in 2012

Russell D. Longcore, owner and editor of DumpDC, also owns Masteriece Energy LLC, Abigail Morgan Austin Publishing Company and Cornerstone Claim Services in Marietta, Georgia.Nuclear Power Secrets RevealedNuclear Power Is Expensive and Bad for the Environment. It’s Being Pushed Because It Is Good For Making Bombs http://dumpdc.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/nuclear-power-secrets-revealed/

In a rare glimpse of a Japanese industry that

AND

nuclear power program, they made huge profits.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Colonization impossible –

A. Infertility stops humans from colonizing space- exposure to radiation

Jerome Taylor, reporter for “The Independent”, 2/14/2011 “Why infertility will stop humans colonising space”, February 14^th, 2011, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/why-infertility-will-stop-humans-colonising-space-2213861.html

 The prospect of long-term space travel has led scientists

AND

tight-lipped over whether they joined the 62-mile high club.

B. No sustainable life support system.

AIAA 02, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics “Space Colonization—Benefits for the World,” http://www.aiaa.org/participate/uploads/acf628b.pdf

Space colonization must have low-water, low-pesticide plant

AND

systems as a path toward solution of Tokyo’s waste management problems.

C. Time and energy requirements.

Stross 07, Charles: technical author, freelance journalist, and author of The Web Architect’s Handbook “The High Frontier, Redux,” http://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2007/06/the_high_frontier_redux.html

Historically, crossing oceans and setting up farmsteads

AND

million seconds — roughly 5 days — to supply the necessary va-va-voom. 

D. Health hazards.

Stross 07, Charles: technical author, freelance journalist, and author of The Web Architect’s Handbook “The High Frontier, Redux,” http://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2007/06/the_high_frontier_redux.html

We're human beings. We evolved to flourish in a very specific e

AND

in an airless, inhospitable environment.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

TEXT: The United States Supreme Court should grant a Writ of Certiorari to Comer v Murphy Oil USA and rule that the Fifth Circuit ruling is enforceable by recognizing and enforcing common law environmental property rights, and recognize that consumption of fossil fuels creates tort liability for any property harmed by that consumption. The Court should use the IPCC’s studies about global warming as a benchmark to judge the risk of fossil fuel consumption in clearing harm to environmental property rights. The Court should strike down any conflicting regulations that would prevent the enforcement of this ruling.

Solvency – Comer v Murphy Oil USA is the ideal venue to set precedent that CO2 emissions are a violation of tort law and plaintiffs can seek damages against fossil fuel companies who produce those emissions

Guarino in 2011

Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 2011, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review

38 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 125 NOTE: THE POWER OF ONE: CITIZEN SUITS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING NAME: KATHERINE A. GUARINO*
* Executive Editor, BOSTON COLLEGE ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS LAW REVIEW, 2010-11

The perfect storm--and the perfect test case--struck

AND

warming plaintiffs at the Supreme Court level.

The Counterplan forces manufacturers to switch to alternative energy

Mukerjee in 2003
“Greenhouse Suits: Litigation becomes a tool against global warming” Scientific American, February 3, 2003 Greenhouse Suits: Litigation becomes a tool against global warming
By Madhusree Mukerjee

Shifting the cost of global

AND

environmentalist’s new rallying cry. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Text:  The United States Supreme Court should grant a Writ of Certiorari to a relevant test case that insert plan

Counterplan solves.

McGuire in 2004
Kevin, (Dept of Political Science at the University of North Carolina) “The Institutionalization of the U.S. Supreme Court” Political Analysis (2004) 12:128–142 http://faculty.washington.edu/jwilker/571/571readings/McGuire.pdf

In this study, I have constructed

AND

legitimacy and potency to their decisions.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Text: The State and Territorial Governments in the Department of Energy’s Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research should substantially increase financial support for federal programs for fusion energy generation in the United States.

DOE EPSCoR program empirically funds fusion research at national labs, including STEM students – states can contribute funds

Gary C. April, PhD, Associate Director Alabama DOE EPSCoR, 2005, “Alabama DOE EPSCoR,”http:~/~/www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/05/EPSCoR/pdf/abstracts/pdf

The Alabama DOE EPSCoR Program

AND

at Argonne, Oak Ridge, Los Alamos, and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Text – The 50 state governments will enact legislation awarding modest tax credits to landowners in communities that voluntarily accommodate residential distributed wind programs. The state governments should provide local communities that qualify for these tax credits a one time grant upon showing they have amended their land use laws to accommodate distributed renewable energy devices

Rule 5 scheme allows for states to compensate those who tolerate distributed renewable systems.

Rule in 2010

Utah Law Review 2010 Utah L. Rev. 1223

Article: Renewable Energy and the Neighbors NAME: Troy A. Rule* Associate Professor of Law, University of Missouri School of Law.

A state could create a

AND

value of the grant and tax credits offered exceeded the cost within their jurisdictions.

Rule 5 based strategy to spur local acceptance is best to get residential wind

Rule in 2010

Utah Law Review 2010 Utah L. Rev. 1223

Article: Renewable Energy and the Neighbors NAME: Troy A. Rule* Associate Professor of Law, University of Missouri School of Law.

A Rule 5-based strategy is less

AND

most effective when used to "induce people to engage in socially valuable conduct." ²¹⁵url:#n215

Residential Wind reduces fossil fuel use – innovative state laws are key to prevent local opposition

Rule in 2010

Utah Law Review 2010 Utah L. Rev. 1223

Article: Renewable Energy and the Neighbors NAME: Troy A. Rule* Associate Professor of Law, University of Missouri School of Law.

Distributed renewable energy is vital to curbing

AND

the future growth of distributed renewable energy.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Subsidies and incentives ensures low silicon prices—Germany proves

Pauli ’10. "Solar without Subsidies" By Gunter Pauli The BlueEconomy 2010 http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/Case53_Solar_en.pdf

The German government, the largest market for photovoltaics,

AND

America expands, factory prices are expected over the next five years to drop 50 percent below the 2010 level.

Cheap Silicon pushes CIGS out permanently-- if they survive the recent cheap PV prices, will do great

Deign ’12. "Make or break time for CIGS" By Jason Deign Jan. 3, 2012. PV Insider http://news.pv-insider.com/thin-film-pv/make-or-break-time-cigs

It is probably fair to say that all CIGS companies

AND

with CIGS modules, but it is still not as cost advantaged as it could be.”

Traditional PV relies on silicone

Bullis ’10 "Making more solar cells from silicon" Kevin Bullis March 4, 2010 Technology Review published by MIT http:~/~/www.technologyreview.com/news/417891/making-more-solar-cells-from-silicon/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/417891/making-more-solar-cells-from-silicon/

A new manufacturing process could cut

AND

This saves material and reduces the number of steps needed to make solar cells, both of which bring down costs.

Silicon causes pollution

Pasternack '08 Pollution Casts Shadow Tree Hugger By Alex Pastermack http:~/~/www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/html

With exports booming, government support,

AND

Eventually, the whole area turned white, like snow.

Pollution causes extinction

American Chronicle, Human Extinction. April 14, 2007. http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/24238

The most common pattern of macroevolutionary trends is extinction

AND

want them sick and dying? Or worse, never born.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Text: The 50 states and relevant United States Territories will insert plan text

Observation I:  Competes – Solves the case and avoids the disads linked to federal action

Observation II:  Solves:  Energy policy  should be a state responsibility – they solve better than the federal government

David Brakke, Ph.D., Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics at James Madison University, “Federalism,” Association of Women in Science Magazine, Vol 30, No 1, 2001  (http://csm.jmu.edu/brakke/Asset/Publications/AWIS_columns/Federalism_/federalism_.html)

California is constructing new facilities,

AND

manage for sustainable resource management overall.

States are a laboratory for new energy production programs – their action gets modeled.

Lash ’07 (Jonathan, “Climate Policy in the State Laboratory: How States Influence Federal Regulation and the Implications for U.S. Policy,” World Resources Institute, September, http:~/~/www.wri.org/publication/org/publication/climate-policy-in-the-state-laboratory, TGA)

America has a long and inspiring tradition of

AND

low-carbon economy of the future.

Tournament: NJDDT  | Round: 2 | Opponent: UTD VW | Judge: Ziegler

The United States federal government should stipulate that all publicly-funded nanotechnology research is made freely and openly available on acceptance for publication, alter the Bayh-Dole Act to exclude private intellectual property lockdown of publicly-funded innovation, and issue a moratorium on patenting nanotechnology-related fundamental science, materials, and concepts.

Counterplan spurs nanotech innovation.

Pearce 12 (Joshua M. Pearce is associate professor in the Open Sustainability Technology Lab, Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA, “Make nanotechnology research open-source,” http:~/~/www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7425/full/491519a.html?WT.ec_id=ec_id=NATURE-20121122, Nature 491, 519–521, 22 November 2012)

Stopping patents on basic nanotechnology will create

AND

and leverage the best value for taxpayers from their research investments.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
This neglect of people represents a lack of importance this is typical of a relationship to emotional trauma makes 1ac impacts and structural violence inevitable.

Robert D. Stolorow, Ph.D., Ph.D. is a Founding Faculty Member and Training and Supervising Analyst at the Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Los Angeles; a Founding Faculty Member at the Institute for the Psychoanalytic Study of Subjectivity, New York City; and a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine. 'Empathic Civilization' in an Age of Trauma, Huffington Post. February 23, 2010 http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-d-stolorow/empathic-civilization-in_b_470095.html

In my work
and
see the light. 

Structural violence is the biggest impact in the debate: it is systemic, it outweighs nuclear war and it is the root cause of all other forms of violence

Gilligan, (Dept. of Psych. @ Harvard Med and Dir. of the Center for the Study of Violence) 1996
James, Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes p. 191-196

You cannot
and
cause to effect.

The Alternative is to reject un empathetic action to relearn empathy.

We must act with empathy in every instance to ensure an empathetic civilization 

Richard Restak is the author of 20 books on the human brain, former president of the American Neuropsychiatric Association, and clinical professor of Neurology at George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences in Washington DC. 'Empathic Civilization': Our Brains Were Built For Feeling Each Other's Pain, Huffington Post. February 15, 2010 http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-restak/empathic-civilization-our_b_460845.html

In our culture
and
"Empathic Civilization". 

And unless there is a leap of faith that embraces the empathetic decision calculus, extinction will result 

Jeremy Rifkin is the author of 'The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis,' published by Tarcher Penguin in January 2010. Mr. Rifkin has been an advisor to the European Union since 2002. In that capacity, he is the principle architect of the Third Industrial Revolution long-term economic sustainability plan to address the triple challenge of the global economic crisis, energy security, and climate change. 'The Empathic Civilization': Rethinking Human Nature in the Biosphere Era, Huffington Post. January 11, 2010http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/jeremy-rifkin/the-empathic-civilization_b_416589.Cuellar-Plott Neg 

Neither the
and
through history?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The affirmative perpetuates the commodification of energy, which only serves to fuel dependence on capitalist growth

Korowicz 11 David Korowicz, physicist and human systems ecologist. Member of Feasta’s executive committee and works as an independent consultant, 2011, “On the cusp of collapse: complexity, energy, and the globalised economy,” Fleeing Vesuvius: Overcoming the Risks of Economic and Environmental Collapse,” New Society Publishers, Online Edition,  http:~/~/fleeingvesuvius.org/2011/10/08/on-the-cusp-of-collapse-complexity-energy-and-the-globalised-economy/http://fleeingvesuvius.org/2011/10/08/on-the-cusp-of-collapse-complexity-energy-and-the-globalised-economy/ 

Like human beings
and
sell their services

The plan construction solves little dots that reemerge  in the dystopian poltical, we solve the whole dystopia poltical, thus we are the only internal link to violence 

“the master-signifier is  a structure of Psychoanalysis the master is the dominator, and the signifer is the slave.”
Zizek 8 Slavoj Zizek, Professor of Sociology at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana University, 2008, “Violence,” p. 58-63. 

European civilisation
and
infinite are not.”22

Challenging global capitalism is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current order guarantees violence on a global scale
Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

For Zizek it is
and
otherwise sound matrix.

Our alternative-vote neg- Capitalism is immoral you have to reject it universally-this is the only strategy for breaking free and preventing extinction
Herod 4 James Herod author of several books on capitalism and social activist since 1968 Getting Free 2004http:~/~/site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm

It is time
and
social world. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The affirmative’s rejection of truth claims about the material role of actors and structures in history conflates all knowledge with Enlightenment rationality-this ahistorical viewpoint precludes the most relevant and politicizing modes of analysis

Palmer '96 - Canada Research Chair in Canadian Labour History and Canadian Studies @ Trent University (Bryan D., "Old Positions/New Necessities: History, Class, and Marxist Metanarrative," in "In Defense of History," Ed. by E. Meiskins Wood and John Foster, p.65-72, RG)

The alternative is historical materialism. Historical materialist analysis is epistemologically superior to post-structuralism-it allows more effective analyses of power and the mobilization of discourses

Lapointe, 2007 Thierry. "Beyond an Historicism Without Subject: Agency and the Elusive Genealogies of State Sovereignty" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association 48th Annual Convention, Feb 28, 2007 http:~/~/www.allacademic.com/meta/p180176_html

Our critique turns all of their impacts. The alternative is a pre-requisite to an understanding of power as contingent or the use of counterhegemonies as resistance

Palmer '96 - Canada Research Chair in Canadian Labour History and Canadian Studies @ Trent University (Bryan D., "Old Positions/New Necessities: History, Class, and Marxist Metanarrative," in "In Defense of History," Ed. by E. Meiskins Wood and John Foster, p.65-72, RG)

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. The aff thus does not produce energy to satisfy human needs—rather, it exploits the energy produced by the working class to do nothing but further sustain strategies of domination and exploitation over the world

ICConline 11 on August 16, 2011, “Nuclear energy, capitalism and communism”

http:~/~/en.internationalism.org/wr/347/org/wr/347/nuclear

2. Capitalism reduces reality to montary value – this instrumentality precludes ethics and results in inevitable environmental, and civilization's destruction

Morgareidge, 98 Professor  Emeritus of Philosophy, (Clayton, Prof of Philosophy at Lewis and Clark College, Why Capitalism is Evil 08/22http:~/~/www.lclark.edu/~~clayton/commentaries/evil.html)http://www.lclark.edu/~~clayton/commentaries/evil.html)**

3. OUR ALTERNATIVE IS TO REJECT THEIR ADVOCACY IN FAVOR OF AN ASSERTION OF THE COMMUNIST HYPOTHESIS.

BADIOU ‘10 (Alain, Prof. @ European Graduate School, Former chair of Philosophy @ École Normale Supérieure, The Idea of Communism, pgs. 11-13 bb)