Cardenas-McMahon Aff

Inherency 

SMRs require technology licensing changes and waste disposal solutions
Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation. A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?, Heritage Foundation. February 2, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors#_ftnref16

While some designs... waste management strategy.
 
Without effective waste policies States will prevent nuclear power
Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16

Today, many states... impose additional restrictions.

Plan Text
United States Congress should abandon the waste confidence rule, remove the mandate that specific nuclear technologies be wedded to specific plant design, and pass legislation that rescinds the part of Clinton’s Presidential Directive 13 that forbids the commercial reprocessing and recycling of spent nuclear fuel.
 
Solvency

We solve in four ways:
First, tech neutrality – Congress Must remove NRC mandate that specific technology be wedded to specific plant designs this is key to new nuclear tech
Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Pitts Bill Could Be Nuclear Energy Game Changer, Heritage Foundation. July 31, 2009 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/07/pitts-bill-could-be-nuclear-energy-game-changer

It Would Open ... competitive nuclear industry.
 
And, NRC is customer driven, regulatory uncertainty prevents nuclear development because companies can't predict results
Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation. A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?, Heritage Foundation. February 2, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors#_ftnref16

Establish a new...ultimately depends.[14]

Second way we solve is voiding Presidential Directive 8 this is critical to allow nuclear recycling
Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16

The U.S. Government...such as France and Japan

And, Without waste recycling the waste disposal problem is ensured— that would prevent reactor development
Jack Spencer, Senior Research Fellow, Nuclear Energy Policy. Introducing Market Forces into Nuclear Waste Management Policy, Heritage Foundation. August 31, 2010 http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/introducing-market-forces-into-nuclear-waste-management-policy

The United States... last almost indefinitely.
 
Third way we solve is removing the waste confidence rule which is used to prevent new licensure
Cornelius Milmoe is a lawyer and nuclear energy expert who has worked in the government and private sector. AND Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Obama Administration: No Confidence in Nuclear Energy, Heritage Foundation. March 5, 2012 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/obama-administration-no-confidence-in-nuclear-energy#_ftnref14

Fortunately, there is a... block new reactors. 

The fourth way we solve is congressional powers  Lack of congressional power has lead to regulatory uncertainty and made the price of nuclear power skyrocket
Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16

The public-private...regulation after regulation.

These NRC regulations have empirically been unnecessary and quadrupled the cost of plants
Bernard L. Cohen, Professor Emeritus of Physics University of Pittsburgh. THE NUCLEAR ENERGY OPTION. September 30, 2004 http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~blc/book/chapter9.html
The Nuclear Regulatory...plants to be abandoned.
And, SMRs can be ready for sale at the end of 2013 if certified
REBECCA SMITH. Small Reactors Generate Big Hopes, Wall Street Journal. February 18, 2010 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703444804575071402124482176.html?mod=WSJ_article_comments#articleTabs%3Darticle

Many obstacles remain...two or three years.
 
Advantage 1 – Desalination

Scenario 1- Water Wars

Water demand is increasing and desalination isn't cheap enough for agriculture
JEFFREY MARLOW. The Pursuit of Cost-Effective Desalination, The New York Times. September 21, 2009 http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/21/on-the-pursuit-of-cost-effective-desalination/ 

Water demand is increasing ... likely play a critical role.

Severe water shortages coming now – diplomacy won't resolve them.
Bolton, Kerry Raymond; World Affairs; 2010; www.mimts.org; “Water Wars: Rivalry Over Water Resources”; http://www.mimts.org/World%20Affairs%20-%20The%20Journal%20of%20International%20Issues/11-Water%20wars-%20Rivalry%20over%20water%20resources.pdf 

The United Nations ...competition would resume.

SMRs are critical to desal across the globe
The Energy Policy Institute is an integral part of the Center for Advanced Energy Studies, which is a public/private partnership between the Idaho National Laboratory, Boise State University, the University of Idaho, Idaho State University. and private industry. Economic and Employment Impacts of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors.June 2010. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:aF6hj4lwuxIJ:https://smr.inl.gov/Document.ashx%3Fpath%3DDOCS%252FReading%2BRoom%252FEconomic%2Band%2BEmployment%2BImpacts%2Bof%2BSMRs.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESihzQYEp_ECvsDP7cw3iE2WVhUWARw3B9Ryj-4Of_htCtoi8vWT08kYSwn3zDQaH8IboyEm0eeaS9LyU0vQ-ecRi1U4xns3RYkfX1JhokqPFf9BCqSPJNMrDG6w_S2D2cki2wJF&sig=AHIEtbTmFXYlBBYGL2EZHGxb7_95kUNhJQ

Desalination. The IAEA has....other sources of generation (Arthur, 2010).

Research proves that desalination is key to sustainable crop yields
D&WR, May 29, 2012
The International Desalination & Water Reuse Quarterly industry website, NF desalinated water 'improves marginal agriculture'. 29 May 2012. http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=6541&title=NF+desalinated+water+'improves+marginal+agriculture'+

Agricultural experiments ..high-quality irrigation water. 

Starvation causes nuclear war
MICHAEL MANDELBAUM is Christian A. Herter Professor of American Foreign Policy at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, and Director of the Project on East-West Relations at the Council on Foreign relations. Lessons of the next nuclear war, Foreign Affairs. March 1995 vol. 74, issue 2; p. 22

One possible basis...necessary for survival.

Water shortages lead to nuclear war and extinction
NASCA, National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation, 2004, “Water shortages - Only a matter of time,” http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html

Water Shortage According .. be no obvious answer.

Wars now can be resolved easily—in the future they won’t be stopped—prefer our evidence its comparative on this issue
Michael N Dobkowski, professor of religious studies at Hobart and William Smith Colleges and Isidor Wallimann, senior Lecturer in sociology at School of Social Work based m Basel Switzerland. The coming age of scarcity preventing mass death and genocide  in the twenty-first century. 1998 p. 13

In times of ...scarcity and contraction. 

Scenario 2- Russia/China 

China is already water stressed – damming projects in tibet prove.
Bolton, Kerry Raymond; World Affairs; 2010; www.mimts.org; “Water Wars: Rivalry Over Water Resources”; http://www.mimts.org/World%20Affairs%20-%20The%20Journal%20of%20International%20Issues/11-Water%20wars-%20Rivalry%20over%20water%20resources.pdf 

He also points ...them remains sparse (ibid).

China controls central and southeast Asia's water supply.
Bolton, Kerry Raymond; World Affairs; 2010; www.mimts.org; “Water Wars: Rivalry Over Water Resources”; http://www.mimts.org/World%20Affairs%20-%20The%20Journal%20of%20International%20Issues/11-Water%20wars-%20Rivalry%20over%20water%20resources.pdf 

Chellaney in a ...and absorption cover”.

China will cut off the Ili and the Irtysh Rivers -Independently causes Russia-China War.
Bolton, Kerry Raymond; World Affairs; 2010; www.mimts.org; “Water Wars: Rivalry Over Water Resources”; http://www.mimts.org/World%20Affairs%20-%20The%20Journal%20of%20International%20Issues/11-Water%20wars-%20Rivalry%20over%20water%20resources.pdf 

The conflict over... the last thirteen years.

Russia-China war causes extinction
Alexander Sharavin 1, Director of the Political and Military Analysis Institute, October 1, 2001, What The Papers Say (Russia), Nezavisimoe Voennoe Obozrenie, No. 28, “The Third Threat,” Translated by Andrei Ryabochkin

Now, a few words...or Islamic extremists.

Scenario 3- Indo-Pak

Chinese manipulation of the Indus river causes Indo-Pak war
He 12 (Tianhao, Staff Writer at Harvard International Review, “River Rivalries,” http://hir.harvard.edu/a-new-empire/river-rivalries, 7/8/12)

The most fascinating...opinion in Pakistan.
 
Extinction
Greg Chaffin 11, Research Assistant at Foreign Policy in Focus, July 8, 2011, "Reorienting U.S. Security Strategy in South Asia," org/articles/reorienting_us_security_strategy_in_south_asia

The greatest threat...could quickly escalate.