Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Rehab 1AC

Inherency
SMRs require technology licensing changes and waste disposal solutions 

 Spencer 11 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation. A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?, Heritage Foundation. February 2, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors#_ftnref16

While some strategy.

Without effective waste policies States will prevent nuclear power
Spencer 7 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16

Today,  
additional restrictions.

Plan Text
United States Congress should abandon the waste confidence rule, remove the mandate that specific nuclear technologies be wedded to specific plant design, and pass legislation voiding the part of Presidential Directive 8 that indefinitely defers the commercial reprocessing and recycling of plutonium in the United States. 

Solvency
We solve in four distinct ways, first is tech neutrality. To accomplish this Congress Must remove NRC mandate that specific technology be wedded to specific plant designs-- this is key to new nuclear technologies
Spencer 9 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Pitts Bill Could Be Nuclear Energy Game Changer, Heritage Foundation. July 31, 2009 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/07/pitts-bill-could-be-nuclear-energy-game-changer
It
nuclear industry.
 
And, NRC is customer driven, this prevents nuclear development because companies can't anticipate results
Spencer 11 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation. A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?, Heritage Foundation. February 2, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors#_ftnref16
Establish a
ultimately depends.14
 
 
Second way we solve is voiding Presidential Directive 8-- this is critical to allow nuclear recycling
Spencer 7 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16
The U.S
 France and Japan
 
And, Without waste recycling the waste disposal problem is ensured— that would prevent reactor development
Spencer 10 Jack Spencer, Senior Research Fellow, Nuclear Energy Policy. Introducing Market Forces into Nuclear Waste Management Policy, Heritage Foundation. August 31, 2010 http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/introducing-market-forces-into-nuclear-waste-management-policy
The United States
almost indefinitely.
 
Third way we solve is removing the waste confidence rule which is used to prevent new licensure
Cornelius Milmoe is a lawyer and nuclear energy expert who has worked in the government and private sector. AND Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Obama Administration: No Confidence in Nuclear Energy, Heritage Foundation. March 5, 2012 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/obama-administration-no-confidence-in-nuclear-energy#_ftnref14
 
Fortunately,
new reactors.
 
The fourth way we solve is congressional powers-- Without waste storage there will be a strong executive powers
The Hill 12 , House preparing to slap Obama administration on Yucca Mountain. June 05, 2012. http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/231005-house-preparing-to-slap-obama-administration-on-yucca-mountain
"The fact
legal obligations."

Having Congress abandon the waste confidence rule forces the NWPA to be followed and waste storage created
Milmoe 12 Cornelius Milmoe is a lawyer and nuclear energy expert who has worked in the government and private sector. AND Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Obama Administration: No Confidence in Nuclear Energy, Heritage Foundation. March 5, 2012 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/obama-administration-no-confidence-in-nuclear-energy#_ftnref14
Time for Congress to
follow the law.
Lack of congressional power has lead to regulatory uncertainty and made the price of nuclear power skyrocket
Spencer 7 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16
The public-private
after regulation.
 
These NRC regulations have empirically been unnecessary and quadrupled the cost of plants
Cohen 4 Bernard L. Cohen, Professor Emeritus of Physics University of Pittsburgh. THE NUCLEAR ENERGY OPTION. September 30, 2004 http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~blc/book/chapter9.html
The Nuclear Regulatory to be abandoned.
 
 
And, SMRs can be ready for sale at the end of 2013 if certified
Smith 10 REBECCA SMITH. Small Reactors Generate Big Hopes, Wall Street Journal. February 18, 2010 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703444804575071402124482176.html?mod=WSJ_article_comments#articleTabs%3Darticle
Many obstacles
three years.
 

Cosmonaughts Advantage

Space exploration depends on SMR revival 

Zaitsev 7 Yury Zaitsev is an academic adviser at the Academy of Engineering Sciences. Nuclear Power In Space, Space Daily. Aug 15, 2007 http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Nuclear_Power_In_Space_999.html

Solar energy supplies
the Moon.

SMR powered lunar colonies solve inevitable extinction – it's try or die

Ragheb 12
(Magdi, Professor with the Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, "Space Power Reactors," 3-31-12,https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/www/NPRE%20402%20ME%20405%20Nuclear%20Power%20Engineering/Space%20Power%20Reactors.pdf 

A lunar
reactor core. 

And Mars

Collins 8;
(David Collins, Lecturer, The City Law School, City University, London, UK. B.A.Hon., J.D.(Toronto), M.Sc., B.C.L. (Oxford) The author would like to thank Frank Collins for research assistance.; ARTICLE: EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF REAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE PLANET MARS; Summer 2008; Lexis) 

Serious interest 

and helium-3 can be derived. Liquid water, which could be used both for its oxygen and for irrigation in agriculture, is now thought to exist not far beneath the planet’s surface.10. The presence of water also raises the potential that isolated ecosystems may exist on Mars. Such ecosystems could provide genetic material that could be used to treat illnesses.11 Mars’ atmosphere, temperature and air pressure could be made to sustain human life through a complex process called terraforming, rendering the planet a potential refuge for humans should Earth become uninhabitable. 12 Mars has a 24-hour day.
or beyond.

Pu-238 is critical for deep space missions and NASA is running out. Without more, the space program will collapse 

Chow, 2011 Denise, staff writer @ Space.com, November 22nd “Mars Mission May Be Curtain Call For Plutonium-Powered Spacecraft”  http:www.space.com/13709-plutonium-shortage-nasa-planetary-science-future.html, 

For 50 years, is irresponsible."

SMR's K2 Pu-238

Sorenson, 2010 Kirk, retired NASA engineer and founder of Flibe Energy, December 6th “Is Nuclear Waste Really Nuclear Waste” Google Talk, http:thoriummsr.com/tag/chloride-reactor/ 

Each
medical radioisotopes.

Now is Key

AIA 12 Aerospace Industries Association, 2012 "Continued U.S. Leadership in Deep Space Exploration Depends on Restarting Plutonium Fuel Production"  http:www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/2012%20AIA%20Pu-238%20White%20Paper%20-%20SC%20FINAL.pdf 

AIA is deeply concerned that the U.S. government cannot produce an adequate supply of plutonium-238 for its deep space missions

 By making this smart but meager investment, the U.S. government can ensure the future of U.S. exploration and discovery is bright. 

Nanobots must be powered by radioactive decay

Sagar 6 T.Vidya Sagar 6' III b.tech I semester, Dept. Of mechanical Engineering Prasad v. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology Kanuru, Vijayawada, India. http://share.pdfonline.com/f40486d760094b56b1705677fa146e58/medical%20nanobots.htm 

..nanobots can work on brain research, cancer research, and many other diseases. Nanobots can be easily injected into the body. Traditionally, most robots have a solar cell or some kind of battery pack, but obviously these are too large for nanobot. However, the answer may lie in nuclear technology. Due to nanobots equipped with thin film of radioactive material, nanobots will be able to fuel themselves on particles released by decaying atoms. Silicon is strong enough to last and conduct electricity….

Each Nanobot is an SMR – NRC Regulates

NRC 12' http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/nrc-slides-who-we-are.pdf 

The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 established the NRC to independently regulate commercial uses of nuclear material, including nuclear power; other duties of the former Atomic Energy Commission were assigned to the Department of  Energy. 

Nanotechnology ensures that astronauts can stay healthy in space
David 5 LEONARD DAVID, Space News Correspondent. Nanotechnology: Scientists Pin Big Hopes on a Small Scale, Space.com. January 10, 2005 http://www.space.com/spacenews/archive05/nanoarch_010305.html accessed July 14, 2008
 
The 

Nano-micro-macro Integration: Nanotechnologies could be incorporated into systems useful on a more human scale, such as life support equipment and environmental monitoring systems.   n Astronaut health management: Space travelers on lengthy voyages could use nanotechnology to combat high-radiation environments, to fabricate medical monitors and healing devices, and to help reduce or overcome the stresses and strains stemming from long-term space treks.   The astronaut health management can come in a couple forms. One is to create the nanomaterials that are specifically tailored to thwart radiation penetration of the spacecraft. Then there is the nanotechnology sensors to better characterize the radiation levels 

Nanotech lets us Terraform Other Planets
Treder 7 Mike Treder, your friendly weblog author, is co-founder and Executive Director of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology. Terraforming, Anyone?, Responsible Nanotechnology. July 04, 2007 http://crnano.typepad.com/crnblog/2007/07/terraforming-an.html accessed July 14, 2008
 
Wood said that Mars currently is "stuck" in a semi-permanent "thermal depression." But there is a multiplicity of design solutions, he foresees, such as engineering an artificial greenhouse effect at the planet that warms the world and makes it "a more preferred planet."
Overall, Wood said that a workable plan can be scripted to raise the average temperature of Mars, rid the world of excess carbon dioxide, as well as generate soil to support agriculture.
We can get to Mars within 8 years

Zubrin ’09 Robert Zubrin: masters degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics, a masters degree in Nuclear Engineering, and a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering (University of Washington)
Science Direct; “The moon–mars initiative: Making the vision real” Available online May 4, 2009; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328709000706 Schaaf

Exploring Mars 

chemistry, a solid dose of common sense, and a little bit of moxie.

Reproduction on mars will be possible

Joseph ’10 Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. 
Journal of Cosmology, 2010, Vol 12, 4034-4050.; “Sex On Mars: Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Sex In Outer Space” October-November 2010; http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars144.html Schaaf

Ultimately, successful reproduction is the production of viable progeny after the female becomes impregnated

. However, the same is not true of pregnancy in space (Jennings and Baker 2008).

Humans will overcome any physical obstacles to sex

Joseph ’10 Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. 
Journal of Cosmology, 2010, Vol 12, 4034-4050.; “Sex On Mars: Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Sex In Outer Space” October-November 2010; http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars144.html Schaaf

…However, what impact will sexual activity have on team dynamics and morale? And what if an astronaut became pregnant during the journey? Would the fetus be viable? How would this impact the crew?

Earth will collapse now – Multiple reasons:

A) Super volcanoes threaten earth at any moment 

Armageddon Online 9 Armageddon Online, Super Volcano Compilation - A deadly Look. January 10, 2009 http://www.armageddononline.org/Super-Volcano-Compilation.html

…..Sooner or later, geologists warn, a "super volcano" will strike. Some scientists in this field will even go so far as to say that phenomena like this one pose a greater threat than terrorism. When will one next erupt? Scientist have discovered that the ground in Yellowstone is over 70cm higher than in was in 1923 - indicating a massive swelling underneath the park. The reservoir is filling with magma at a staggering rate..

That causes extinction.  

Britt 5 Robert Roy Britt. Super Volcano Will Challenge Civilization, Geologists Warn, live science.com. March 8, 2005 http://www.livescience.com/environment/050308_super_volcano.html

…."An area the size of North America can be devastated, and pronounced deterioration of global climate would be expected for a few years following the eruption," Self said. "They could result in the devastation of world agriculture, severe disruption of food supplies, and mass starvation. These effects could be sufficiently severe to threaten the fabric of civilization."

B) Inevitable asteroid impact is coming that will cause human extinction

Plait 8 Philip Plait, is an astronomer and skeptic who runs the website BadAstronomy.com. He formerly worked at the physics and astronomy department at Sonoma State University and President of the James Randi Educational Foundation. Death from the Skies, 2008 p. 14-19

Sixty-five million years ago, the dinosaurs had a really bad day. Actually, recent findings show they were having a bad couple of million years. There are indications that the Earth’s climate had been changing, and many species were already in decline. However, there is overwhelming evidence that a great number of species indeed died practically overnight on a geological time scale. It’s now a matter of scientific fact that this event was triggered by the impact of a six- mile-wide asteroid—and at that size, the word “meteoroid” is seriously inadequate. It was certainly large enough to do the trick. The mind boggles to think of the devastation wrought when a rock bigger than MountEverest plummeted through the atmosphere and hit the Earth at ten miles per second. Imagine: when the surface of the asteroid contacted the ground, the far side was still sticking out above most of the Earth’s atmosphere. The exact energy of the impact is difficult to know, but it would have been hundreds of millions of megatons—far. far larger than the heftiest nuclear bomb ever detonated. In fact, even if you detonated every single nuclear weapon on Earth simultaneously, the explosion generated by the impact of the dinosaur killer would have been a million times more powerful . . . all concentrated in one spot….

, but our own day may yet come.

C) Undead – The risk is real – parasites can take control of hosts now 

Wong 7 David Wong, AND TE Sloth, 5 Scientific Reasons a Zombie Apocalypse Could Actually Happen, Cracked.com. 2007 http://www.cracked.com/article_15643_5-scientific-reasons-zombie-apocalypse-could-actually-happen.html

Parasites that turn victims into mindless, zombie-like slaves are fairly common in nature. There's one called toxoplasmosa gondii that seems to devote its entire existence to being terrifying.  This bug infects rats, but can only breed inside the intestines of a cat… 

This causes extinction  

Ghosh 9 Pallab Ghosh, Science correspondent, BBC News. Science ponders 'zombie attack' , BBC News. September 18, 2009 http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8206280.stm?ad=1

…, their analysis revealed that a strategy of capturing or curing the zombies would only put off the inevitable.

D) Overpopulation – By 2050 humanity will overshoot causing extinction

Sir Shridath Ramphal, co chairperson the commission on Global governance. Where is the Ticking Time-bomb ticking? Population and Global Security, edited Nicholas Polunin 1998 p.87-88

To succeed in doing we would have to preempt in the process, other animal life in a desperate human scramble to enlarge land cultivation and annexe all its product for ourselves. Science and technology may increase the solar-powered productivity of Nature’s plants, but we are also cutting back production as desertification. urban growth, highways and runways soil erosion and pollution, all steadily decrease The extent of Earth is green cover and likewise its food-building potentiality. In any event, after taking anything like that suggested 80% of Earth’s life-sustaining material around AD 2050, Humankind would not be far from the absolute limit of 100%. Like a plague of locusts, we would have eaten ourselves ‘out of house and home’. Like locust we would move on but the only thing left ‘for us would be aquatic plant life which our prosing technologies would turn to human use, though most likely they would succeed in providing no more than fractional relief. Of course, well before our continental Food-stores ran out, men, women, and children, would have become embroiled in a primitive internecine struggle for survival — a struggle over consumption and the materials to maintain it which would pale into tiny proportions the civil and other wars and local - ,conflicts that already rage in so many parts of our increasingly overpopulated world.

Only Nanotech gives a shot at overcomming these without space

Tournament: CEDA | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1AC
1AC
Inherency
SMRs require technology licensing changes and waste disposal solutions
Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation. A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?, Heritage Foundation. February 2, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors#_ftnref16
While some designs are closer to market ...sustainable nuclear waste management strategy.
 
Without effective waste policies States will prevent nuclear power
Spencer 7 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16
 
Today, many states exercise ... of this theme.14 Public commissions and referenda can impose additional restrictions.
 
Plan Text
 United States Congress should abandon the waste confidence rule, remove the mandate that specific nuclear technologies be wedded to specific plant design, and pass legislation that rescinds the part of Clinton's Presidential Directive 13 that forbids the commercial reprocessing and recylcing of spent nuclear fuel.  
 
Solvency
We solve in four distinct ways, first is tech neutrality. To accomplish this Congress Must remove NRC mandate that specific technology be wedded to specific plant designs-- this is key to new nuclear technologies
Spencer 9 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Pitts Bill Could Be Nuclear Energy Game Changer, Heritage Foundation. July 31, 2009 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/07/pitts-bill-could-be-nuclear-energy-game-changer
It Would Open the Marketplace to New Technologies.... step toward building a more diverse and competitive nuclear industry.
 
And, NRC is customer driven, this prevents nuclear development because companies can't anticipate results
Spencer 11 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, at The Heritage Foundation. A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?, Heritage Foundation. February 2, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors#_ftnref16
Establish a new licensing pathway. The ...regulatory support on which commercialization ultimately depends.14
 
 
Second way we solve is voiding Presidential Directive 8-- this is critical to allow nuclear recycling
Spencer 7 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16
The U.S. government even banned ... by other countries, such as France and Japan
 
And, Without waste recycling the waste disposal problem is ensured— that would prevent reactor development
Spencer 10 Jack Spencer, Senior Research Fellow, Nuclear Energy Policy. Introducing Market Forces into Nuclear Waste Management Policy, Heritage Foundation. August 31, 2010 http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/introducing-market-forces-into-nuclear-waste-management-policy
The United States has 60,000 tons ... recycling, Yucca could last almost indefinitely.
 
Third way we solve is removing the waste confidence rule which is used to prevent new licensure
Cornelius Milmoe is a lawyer and nuclear energy expert who has worked in the government and private sector. AND Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Obama Administration: No Confidence in Nuclear Energy, Heritage Foundation. March 5, 2012 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/obama-administration-no-confidence-in-nuclear-energy#_ftnref14
 
Fortunately, there is a way forward. The courts ... to use the waste confidence rule to block new reactors.
 
The fourth way we solve is congressional powers-- Without waste storage there will be a strong executive powers
The Hill 12 , House preparing to slap Obama administration on Yucca Mountain. June 05, 2012. http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/231005-house-preparing-to-slap-obama-administration-on-yucca-mountain
"The fact is we passed a law... congressionally mandated legal obligations."

Having Congress abandon the waste confidence rule forces the NWPA to be followed and waste storage created
Milmoe 12 Cornelius Milmoe is a lawyer and nuclear energy expert who has worked in the government and private sector. AND Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Obama Administration: No Confidence in Nuclear Energy, Heritage Foundation. March 5, 2012 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/obama-administration-no-confidence-in-nuclear-energy#_ftnref14
Time for Congress to Act ... under current law would be a better approach. How the government meets that requirement, as long as it is done within established safety guidelines, should be irrelevant to the NRC. The United States has struggled for decades to implement a predictable and rational nuclear waste management policy. The difficulties are the result of poor policy choices, not of technological or economic obstacles. This government-created problem has led to unnecessary impediments to the expansion of clean and safe nuclear energy. Fixing this problem should begin with Congress simply demanding that America’s government bodies follow the law.
Lack of congressional power has lead to regulatory uncertainty and made the price of nuclear power skyrocket
Spencer 7 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Competitive Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes, Heritage Foundation. November 15, 2007 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/11/competitive-nuclear-energy-investment-avoiding-past-policy-mistakes#_ftnref16
The public-private relationship worked until... to conduct a review using NRC guidance.12 Yet the commission continued to issue regulation after regulation.
 
These NRC regulations have empirically been unnecessary and quadrupled the cost of plants
Cohen 4 Bernard L. Cohen, Professor Emeritus of Physics University of Pittsburgh. THE NUCLEAR ENERGY OPTION. September 30, 2004 http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~blc/book/chapter9.html
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission ...constructed plants to be abandoned.
 SMRs solve nuclear downsides
Ringle 10 John, Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering at Oregon State University, "Reintroduction of reactors in US a major win", November 13, robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/reintroduction-of-reactors-in-us-a-major-win/
Small nuclear reactors will probably ... scenario in which a loss-of-coolant accident could occur.

 
And, SMRs can be ready for sale at the end of 2013 if certified
Smith 10 REBECCA SMITH. Small Reactors Generate Big Hopes, Wall Street Journal. February 18, 2010 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703444804575071402124482176.html?mod=WSJ_article_comments#articleTabs%3Darticle
Many obstacles remain. The NRC still...next two or three years.
 
 
Advantage 1 – Space nomads
 
Space exploration depends on SMR revival 

Zaitsev 7Yury Zaitsev is an academic adviser at the Academy of Engineering Sciences. Nuclear Power In Space, Space Daily. Aug 15, 2007 http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Nuclear_Power_In_Space_999.html

Solar energy supplies most ... establishing a habitable base on the Moon.

SMR powered lunar colonies solve inevitable extinction – it's try or die

Ragheb 12
(Magdi, Professor with the Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, "Space Power Reactors," 3-31-12,https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/www/NPRE%20402%20ME%20405%20Nuclear%20Power%20Engineering/Space%20Power%20Reactors.pdf 

A lunar base would provide ... the outside of the reactor core. 

And Mars

Collins 8;
(David Collins, Lecturer, The City Law School, City University, London, UK. B.A.Hon., J.D.(Toronto), M.Sc., B.C.L. (Oxford) The author would like to thank Frank Collins for research assistance.; ARTICLE: EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF REAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE PLANET MARS; Summer 2008; Lexis) 

Serious interest in Mars ... of colonists or beyond.

Pu-238 is critical for deep space missions and NASA is running out. Without more, the space program will collapse 

Chow, 2011 Denise, staff writer @ Space.com, November 22nd “Mars Mission May Be Curtain Call For Plutonium-Powered Spacecraft”  http:www.space.com/13709-plutonium-shortage-nasa-planetary-science-future.html, 

For 50 years, NASA has ...out of capability is irresponsible."

SMR's K2 Pu-238

Sorenson, 2010 Kirk, retired NASA engineer and founder of Flibe Energy, December 6th “Is Nuclear Waste Really Nuclear Waste” Google Talk, http:thoriummsr.com/tag/chloride-reactor/ 

Each metric tonne of thorium ... through clean electricity and medical radioisotopes.

Now is Key

Aerospace Industries Association, 2012 "Continued U.S. Leadership in Deep Space Exploration Depends on Restarting Plutonium Fuel Production"  http:www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/2012%20AIA%20Pu-238%20White%20Paper%20-%20SC%20FINAL.pdf 

AIA is deeply concerned that the .... exploration and discovery is bright. 

Nanobots must be powered by radioactive decay

Sagar 6 T.Vidya Sagar 6' III b.tech I semester, Dept. Of mechanical Engineering Prasad v. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology Kanuru, Vijayawada, India. http://share.pdfonline.com/f40486d760094b56b1705677fa146e58/medical%20nanobots.htm 

Mainly nanobots are used into ... the body due to their size.

Each Nanobot is an SMR – NRC Regulates

NRC 12' http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/nrc-slides-who-we-are.pdf 

The Energy Reorganization Act ...: Ensure excellence in agency management. 

Nanotechnology ensures that astronauts can stay healthy in space
David 5 LEONARD DAVID, Space News Correspondent. Nanotechnology: Scientists Pin Big Hopes on a Small Scale, Space.com. January 10, 2005 http://www.space.com/spacenews/archive05/nanoarch_010305.html accessed July 14, 2008
 
The agency should keep a long-range ...on the physiology of the astronaut. 

Nanotech lets us Terraform Other Planets
Treder 7 Mike Treder, your friendly weblog author, is co-founder and Executive Director of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology. Terraforming, Anyone?, Responsible Nanotechnology. July 04, 2007 http://crnano.typepad.com/crnblog/2007/07/terraforming-an.html accessed July 14, 2008
 
How best to carry out a fast-paced, ...quickly than even Wood has imagined. 

No Risk of Accidents
 
Webb, 2002
(Stephen, Physicist at Open University of London, “If the Universe Is Teeming with Aliens... Where Is Everybody? Fifty Solutions to Fermi's Paradox and the Problem of Extraterrestrial Life”, Accessed 7/14/08, lexis) KMH
 
The young boy in Woody Allen's ... will have to live with.
We can get to Mars within 8 years

Zubrin ’09 Robert Zubrin: masters degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics, a masters degree in Nuclear Engineering, and a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering (University of Washington)
Science Direct; “The moon–mars initiative: Making the vision real” Available online May 4, 2009; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328709000706 Schaaf

Exploring Mars requires no ...and a little bit of moxie.

Reproduction on mars will be possible

Joseph ’10 Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. 
Journal of Cosmology, 2010, Vol 12, 4034-4050.; “Sex On Mars: Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Sex In Outer Space” October-November 2010; http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars144.html Schaaf

Ultimately, successful reproduction is the production of ... the same is not true of pregnancy in space (Jennings and Baker 2008).

Humans will overcome any physical obstacles to sex

Joseph ’10 Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. 
Journal of Cosmology, 2010, Vol 12, 4034-4050.; “Sex On Mars: Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Sex In Outer Space” October-November 2010; http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars144.html Schaaf

Performance of the sex act ... How would this impact the crew?

Earth will collapse now – Multiple reasons:

A) Super volcanoes threaten earth at any moment 

Armageddon Online 9, Super Volcano Compilation - A deadly Look. January 10, 2009 http://www.armageddononline.org/Super-Volcano-Compilation.html

Since there is no firm definition of ... eruption was more than 640,000 years ago - we could be running late.

That causes extinction.  

Britt 5 Robert Roy Britt. Super Volcano Will Challenge Civilization, Geologists Warn, live science.com. March 8, 2005 http://www.livescience.com/environment/050308_super_volcano.html

The eruption of a super volcano ...threaten the fabric of civilization."

B) Inevitable asteroid impact is coming that will cause human extinction

Plait 8 Philip Plait, is an astronomer and skeptic who runs the website BadAstronomy.com. He formerly worked at the physics and astronomy department at Sonoma State University and President of the James Randi Educational Foundation. Death from the Skies, 2008 p. 14-19

Sixty-five million years ago, the dinosaurs had a really bad day. ... It’s a matter of when. The dinosaurs had a very bad day, but our own day may yet come.

C) Overpopulation – By 2050 humanity will overshoot causing extinction

Ramphal 98 Sir Shridath Ramphal, co chairperson the commission on Global governance. Where is the Ticking Time-bomb ticking? Population and Global Security, edited Nicholas Polunin 1998 p.87-88

Why are we concerned about a human population e...of our increasingly overpopulated world.

D) Undead – The risk is real – parasites can take control of hosts now 

Wong et al 7David Wong, AND TE Sloth, 5 Scientific Reasons a Zombie Apocalypse Could Actually Happen, Cracked.com. 2007 http://www.cracked.com/article_15643_5-scientific-reasons-zombie-apocalypse-could-actually-happen.html

Parasites that turn victims into mindless, ... or curing the zombies would only put off the inevitable.
Magnitude outweighs all other considerations – humanity and the planet could recover from any of their impact scenarios – intervening actors could prevent escalation in their wars or environmental destruction – the uniqueness for our scenarios prove the status quo isn't enough to survive on the rock. 

SCHELL 82 Jonathan Schell, columnist for the New Yorker, THE FATE OF THE EARTH, 1982, p. 95
 
But the mere risk of extinction has ... neither we nor anyone else will ever