| 10/10/2012 | Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Liberty HT | Judge: Poapst, Jackie
Energy production reveals the essence of modern technology—it enframes nature through the needs of a human subject, reducing our surroundings to standing-reserve. Beckman 2K (Tad, Prof. of philosophy at Harvey Mudd College, “Heidegger and Environmental Ethics”, http://www2.hmc.edu/~tbeckman/personal/HEIDART.HTML//shree) Heidegger clearly saw …in its essence.
The technocratic disclosure of nature as standing-reserve is a rigged game—we are primed to interact with the world only as calculating machines. That’s the precondition for nuclear war and sentences us to an eternity of counterfeit existence, purging value to life. Beckman 2K (Tad, Prof. of philosophy at Harvey Mudd College, “Heidegger and Environmental Ethics”, http://www2.hmc.edu/~tbeckman/personal/HEIDART.HTML//shree) The threat of …structure of being.
Vote neg to reject the 1AC’s technological thinking in favor of meditative thought—this reveals alternate ways of being Joseph 2K (Duquesne University, and editor for the Janus Head, Speaking Differently: Deconstruction/Meditative Thinking as the Heart of "the Faculty of Observing" http://www.janushead.org/3-1/ajoseph.cfm shree) From a Heideggerian …be spoken about.
Ontology is a pre-requisite to decision-making Dillon 99 (Michael, Professor of Politics at the University of Lancaster, 1999, Moral Spaces Pg. 97-98shree) Heirs to all …of decision making.
It solves the imbalances of power that are experienced in hegemony Dallmayr 4 (Fred, PhD, Department of Government and International Studies, Notre Dame, Constellations Volume 11, No 1, The Underside of Modernity: Adorno, Heidegger, and Dusselshree) Moving beyond the critique …nature, and the divine.15 It results in non-instrumental modes of revealing that safeguard ecological health Thiele 95 (Leslie Paul, Professor of Political Science at University of Florida, Timely Meditations, p.186shree) Heidegger's unwillingness to exchange …uniqueness of human being.
Double Bind—Either they sever out of the framing of the aff, making them a moving target because it’s what makes their aff intelligible—that’s a voter for fairness and education; OR the links apply and the perm has no net benefit Scott 90 (Charles E.; Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Philosophy at Pennsylvania State University; The Question of Ethics; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press; 1990; p. 189shree) Further, the knowledge that …deeply marks this die.
Crowd-Out DA—Technological thinking usurps all other modes of revealing by erasing distance and presences all entities as standing-reserve Botha 2 (Catherine, Dept of Philosophy @ Univ of Pretoria, “Heidegger, Technology, and Ecology,” South African Journal of Philosophy, Vol 22, Issue 2shree) Technology is ontologically devastating…what we had lost.
Crying Wolf DA— apocalyptic predictions are suspect because “experts” will dramatize their impacts to command public attention. And, even if they’re right, doomsday environmental scenarios are perceived as “crying wolf” and undermine the credibility of future environmental threats that threaten the population. Cross 2-Hebert D. Kelleher Centennial Professor of Business Law @ University of Texas at Austin Law School, JD @ Harvard Frank, Case Western University Law Review, “Symposium on Bjorn Lomborg’s the Skeptical Environmentalist: the Native Environmentalist,” Winter, LexisNexis Law Reviewshree In some environmentalist laments, …apparently seeks to combat.
Obfuscation DA—predictions of environmental catastrophe makes it harder to craft policies to deal with the root of the problems they try to solve and result in the toleration of policy side effects that threaten extinction via economic and social meltdown. Skidelsky 8-http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/may/20/theapocalypticmind, Lord Skidelsky is Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick The apocalyptic mind Catastrophic thinking distorts scientific debate about climate change and makes it harder to deal with the problem Misreporting of science is ….the concern of science.
Disciplinary Leadership DA—Discourses of environmental leadership allow the U.S. to articulate visions of disciplinary green governmentality across the globe Luke 99 (Timothy W, Professor of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Discourses of the Environment, p. 127-28shree) So it is through …strategic and economic goals’ (1996c: 160).
This subjects bodies to codes of discipline and power that produce genocide and nuclear extinction—turns the case. Hindmarsh 5 (Richard, Prof at the Australian School of Environmental Studies—Griffith University, April, Green Biopolitics and the Molecular Reordering of Nature, http://www.essex.ac.uk/ecpr/events/jointsessions/paperarchive/granada/ws16/Hindmarsh.pdf shree) The first usage of …, populations and their environs.
Climate Crisis Management DA—The 1AC’s telling of “inconvenient truths” aspires to exert greater control by placing the whole planet under a state of emergency, re-entrenching biopolitics. Luke 8 (Timothy W, Department of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, The Politics of True Convenience or Inconvenient Truth: Struggles Over How to Sustain Capitalism, Democracy, and Ecology in the 21st Century, Environment and Planning, Vol. 40, pg 1811-1824shree) The project of global ….remain important open questions.
Within a biopolitical frame, the sovereign right to kill is transformed in to the right to let die in the name of collective life. Any amount of violence, no matter how potentially life annihilating, becomes justified. Dean 1 (Mitchell, Professor of Sociology at Macquarie University, “Demonic Societies: Liberalism, biopolitics, and sovereignty.” Ethnographic Explorations of the Postcolonial State, ed. Hanson and Stepputat, p. 55-58shree) Consider again the contrastive ….of the modern state (232).
Market approaches to environment greenwash the status quo of its hegemonic inequalities and frenetic consumerism—incentives and removal of restrictions fail because they merely reproduce existing power relations which sustain an inequitable geopolitical agenda and makes extinction via sacrificial politics inevitable. Luke 8 (Timothy W, Department of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, The Politics of True Convenience or Inconvenient Truth: Struggles Over How to Sustain Capitalism, Democracy, and Ecology in the 21st Century, Environment and Planning, Vol. 40, pg 1811-1824shree) This analysis is a ….that demands radical action.
Threat Con DA—Insecurity is an inevitable condition of existence—the drive for perfect security turns life into a standing reserve that necessitates endless warfare.
Mitchell 5 Andrew J. Mitchell, Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Humanities at Stanford University, "Heidegger and Terrorism," Research in Phenomenology, Volume 35, Number 1, 2005 , pp. 181-218shree
There can be no ….nationally distinct from another.
Hegemony can’t control a disordered world and their technological mindset causes militarization and war Burke 7 (Anthony Burke- Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney. Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason Theory and Event - Volume 10, Issue 2shree) By itself, such an …much as its utilisation. |
| 10/10/2012 | Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: WVU GR | Judge: Harris, Martell
Text: The United States federal government should unconditionally fund the installation of wind energy property for all interested rural homeowners.
Solves 100% of the case—it does the aff but without market-based incentives White and Williams 12 (Richard J. and Cohn C., senior lecturer of economic geography at Sheffield Hallam University; professor of public policy in the Management School at the University of Sheffield, Escaping Capitalist Hegemony: Rereading Western Economies in The Accumulation of Freedom, pg. 131-32shree) The American anarchist Howard …noncapitalist policies of place.
Market approaches to environment greenwash the status quo of its hegemonic inequalities and frenetic consumerism—incentives fail because they merely reproduce existing power relations which sustain an inequitable geopolitical agenda and makes extinction via sacrificial politics inevitable. Luke 8 (Timothy W, Department of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, The Politics of True Convenience or Inconvenient Truth: Struggles Over How to Sustain Capitalism, Democracy, and Ecology in the 21st Century, Environment and Planning, Vol. 40, pg 1811-1824shree) This analysis is a …that demands radical action. |
| 10/10/2012 | Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: WVU GR | Judge: Harris, Martell
CPLAN TEXT: All 50 states of the United States of America will enter an interstate compact with the Department of Energy to provide small wind turbines to rural communities. Interstate compacts solve better as they allow for the use of all levels of government
Harpring, 1991
(Michael R., Catholic University Law Review, SUMMER, 1991, 40 Cath. U.L. Rev. 851) n260 As one commentator views …or regional environmental interests. Interstate compacts provide better solvency for regional issues without the political controversy
Harpring, 1991
(Michael R., Catholic University Law Review, SUMMER, 1991, 40 Cath. U.L. Rev. 851) Interstate compacts are the …signatory states' unanimous consent. n254
States can solve wind-Washington proves
Jesse Broehl, May 10, 2005, Editor for RenwableEnergyAccess.com Washington State Passes Progressive Renewable Energy Legislation, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2005/05/washington-state-passes-progressive-renewable-energy-legislation-28478 Olympia, Washington [RenewableEnergyAccess.com] With …in economically depressed areas.
The United States Federal Government is the three federal branches
WordNet, 03
WordNet, Princeton University, 2003, p. http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=us%20government (PDNS3487)
U.S. government n : the …of the United States [syn: United States government, United States, U.S. government, US Government, U.S.]
They are right all - the states would never act on their own simultaneously, but interstate compacts are different
Craig, 2010
(Robin Kundis, Attorneys' Title Professor and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, University of Colorado Law Review, Summer, 2010, 81 U. Colo. L. Rev. 771; MULTISTATE DECISION MAKING FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND TRANSMISSION: SPOTLIGHT ON COLORADO, NEW MEXICO, UTAH, AND WYOMING: Constitutional Contours for the Design and Implementation of Multistate Renewable Energy Programs and Projects)MKD Multistate efforts to encourage…still entirely state-based actions. |
| 10/10/2012 | Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: WVU GR | Judge: Harris, Martell
( ) Aff is non-inherent—the Congressman who authored the Rural Wind Energy Development Act says it was passed in 2009. Vote neg on presumption—the aff doesn’t meet their burden to propose a policy better than the status quo, and the plan wasn’t enough to solve their harms. Blumenauer 12 (Congressman, House of Representatives from Oregon’s 3rd District, http://blumenauer.house.gov/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=1817 shree) Congressman Blumenauer strongly supports …turbines passed in 2009. (1) Evaluate impacts by maximizing the lives saved—util gives equality to all beings which preserves dignity. Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, pg. 131) Finally, even if one …are saved, the better.*
(2) Violence is proximately caused so prefer specific scenarios. Treat their slippery slope impacts with skepticism—a “one size fits all” theory is poor scholarship. Sharpe and Goucher 10 (Matthew, lecturer, philosophy and psychoanalytic studies; and Geoff, senior lecturer, literary and psychoanalytic studies – Deakin University, Žižek and Politics: An Introduction, p. 231-233) We realise that this …pointedly reject Theory’s legitimacy.
(3) Treat their slippery slope impact with skepticism—liberal government checks annihilation—the instrumental rationality of neoliberalism must be combined with a concept of racial sovereignty to cause their impacts Dean 4 (Mitchell, professor of sociology at the University of Newcastle, “Four Theses on the Powers of Life and Death,” Contretemps 5, December 2004, http://sydney.edu.au/contretemps/5december2004/dean.pdf shree) Second Thesis: It is …and older police states.
(4) Neoliberalism key to democracy – political climate, multinational corporations. Chen 2K, Jim, Professor of Law University of Minnesota Law School, November/December, 2000
Fordham International Law Journal, PAX MERCATORIA: GLOBALIZATION AS A SECOND CHANCE AT "PEACE FOR OUR TIME, 24 Fordham Int'l L.J. 217, Lexis Globalization advances democracy not …morals of globalized society.
(5) Democracy key to prevent extinction. Diamond 95, Larry, Senior Research Fellow at the Hoover Institute, 1995, Promoting Democracy in the 1990s, Online Nuclear, chemical, and biological …to threaten one another.
(6) War turns structural violence Bulloch 8 (Douglas Bulloch, IR Department, London School of Economics and Political Science.
He is currently completing his PhD in International Relations at the London School of Economics, Millennium - Journal of International Studies May 2008 vol. 36 no. 3 575-595)
But the idea that …and potentially radically – political.
(7) Neoliberalism key to prevent environmental collapse. Christmann and Taylor 1 American businessman and the head of a privately held multinational company, Professor Christmann specializes in research of the global economy (Petra and Glen, Globalization and the environment: Determinants of firm self-regulation in China. Journal of International business studies, 32(3), 439-458, ABI/INFORM) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=277452 In contrast, globalization proponents …themselves as pollution havens (Hoffman, 1999; Rugman and Verbeke, 1998).
(8) Environment collapse leads to extinction. Diner ‘94—Major David, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, United States Army, Military Law Review, Winter, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161 Biologically diverse ecosystems are ….closer to the abyss.
(9) Neoliberalism not oppressive– empirically proven Bhagvati 4 University Professor at Columbia University and Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations Jagdish Bhagwati, “In Defense of Globalization”. 2004. Overview, http://www.cfr.org/publication/6769/in_defense_of_globalization.html Jagdish Bhagwati takes conventional …to the human face. |
| 10/10/2012 | Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty CW | Judge: Warner, Steve
Investors are currently investing in wind and solar energy projects
Burger 8/17/12(Andrew, University of Colorado.Triple Pundit Direct Investments in Renewable Energy Increasingly Attractive to Pension Funds, Insurers. August 17, 2012)
Institutional investors, such as …finance its new projects.
Guarantees distort market undermining more promising technology Veronique de Rugy, June 2012 (enior research fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University MA in economics from the University of Paris IX-Dauphine and her PhD in economics from the University of Paris) June 2012 Assessing the DOE’s Loan Guarantee Program http://mercatus.org/publication/assessing-department-energy-loan-guarantee-program Mal-investment—the misallocation of capital …from the previous year.29
We must develop alternative energy now, or else it could be dangerous to the sustainability of the human race
Berry 2007(R. Stephen, professor at University of Chicago, Ph.D. from Harvard physical chemistry. The Rocky Mountain Institute. Nuclear Power and Climate April 10, 2007) But, despite some beliefs …climate and human life. |
| 10/10/2012 | Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty CW | Judge: Warner, Steve
The 1AC’s comportment towards energy production is premised on the structural imposition of an epistemology of “possession”—the belief that humans have a right to possess and dispose of the land and its “resources” as they see fit. The mode of relationality inherent within the paradigm of civil society is tantamount to ontological degradation and responsible for the genocide of indigenous populations. Wilderson 10 (Frank, MFA @ Columbia University in Fiction Writing, Ph.D. @ University of California, Berkeley in Rhetoric/Film Studies, Prof @ UC Irvine, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, p176-178shree) "Savage" sovereignty qua land …to re-Indigenize the land.
Genocidal assaults on indigenous populations set the foundation for serial policy failure in imperialist campaigns abroad—risks extinction. Street 4 (Paul Street, phD in History from Binghamton, march 11, “Those Who Deny the Crimes of the Past,” http://www.zcommunications.org/those-who-deny-the-crimes-of-the-past-by-paul-street shree) It is especially important …those who came to destroy.
Vote negative to reject the 1AC in favor of a historical genealogy that traces the political repugnancies of the U.S. to the Settlerist invasion of Native North America. Churchill 3 (Ward, Acts of Rebellion: The Ward Churchill Reader, p. xv-xvii) PM The question arises of…than that made on 9-1-1. |
| 10/10/2012 | Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty CW | Judge: Warner, Steve
US won’t exert nonproliferation leadership
Cleary, Research Assistant at the American Enterprise Institute, 12
(Richard, “Richard Clearly: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making,” 8-13-12, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, accessed 9-26-12 Bosley) The cases above offer …to forgo nuclear fuel-making. No widespread proliferation
Hymans, USC Associate Professor of International Relations, 12
(Jacques, “North Korea's Lessons for (Not) Building an Atomic Bomb,” 4-16-12, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137408/jacques-e-c-hymans/north-koreas-lessons-for-not-building-an-atomic-bomb?page=show, accessed 9-26-12 Bosley) Washington's miscalculation is not …a lot of company. Proliferation impacts are exaggerated – it won’t be destabilizing
Farley, Assistant Professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, 11
(Dr. Robert, "Over the Horizon: Iran and the Nuclear Paradox," 11-16-11, www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10679/over-the-horizon-iran-and-the-nuclear-paradox, accessed 9-27-12 Bosley) But states and policymakers …of the policy landscape. Prolif decreases war and encourages rationality
Shen, Associate Professor of International Relations at the University of Hong Kong, 11
(Simon, “Have Nuclear Weapons Made the DPRK a Rogue State?” December 2011, The Journal of Comparative Asian Development 10:2, accessed 9-26-12 Bosley) In our traditional mentality… purpose of interest maximization.
No resource wars – empirics prove
Salehyan, Professor of Political Science at North Texas, 07
(Idean, “The New Myth About Climate Change,” Foreign Policy, 8-14-07, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3922, accessed 5-12-12Bosley) First, aside from a …scarcity and natural disasters.
2. Economic growth causes war - economic decline solves
Deudney, Hewlett Fellow at Princeton, 1991
(Daniel, Hewlett Fellow in Science, Technology, and Society at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, “Environment and Security: Muddled Thinking,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 47:3, Proquest, accessed 12-14-11) JDB In a second scenario…products.and surplus wealth. 3. Economic decline is key to solving warming and prevent extinction – best scientific models go our way
Li, Assistant Professor of Economics at Utah, 2011
(Minqi, “The 21st Century Crisis: Climate Catastrophe or Socialism,” Review of Radical Political Economics 43:3, 8-23-11, p.289-301, accessed 12-14-11) JDB The global average surface …production and society-wide planning (section 6).
4. Economic collapse solves growth rates – forces a peaceful shift away from globalization and industrialization
Lewis 2000
(Chris, PhD American Studies Univ of Colorado Boulder. “The Paradox of Global Development and the Necessary Collapse of Global Industrial Civilization,” June 2000, www.cross-x.com/archives/LewisParadox.pdf) With the collapse of …face collapse and ruin. 5. Collapse and suffering are inevitable, but immediate collapse is key to prevent extinction
Barry, PhD in Land Resources from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2008
(Glen, also with a Masters of Science in "Conservation Biology and Sustainable Development" also from Madison, and a Bachelor of Arts in "Political Science" from Marquette University, “Economic Collapse and Global Ecology,” http://www.countercurrents.org/barry140108.htm, accessed 12-14-11) JDB Humanity and the Earth …final, fatal death swoon. Grid is resilient and sustainable
Clark, Senior Analyst at Chenega Federal Systems, 12
(Paul, “The Risk of Disruption or Destruction of Critical U.S. Infrastructure by an Offensive Cyber Attack,” 4-28-12, http://americanmilitary.academia.edu/PaulClark/Papers/1600738/The_Risk_of_Disruption_or_Destruction_of_Critical_U.S._Infrastructure_by_an_Offensive_Cyber_Attack, accessed 9-26-12 Bosley) In 2003, a simple physical …has been significantly increased (U.S. Senate¶ Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 2012). Grid upgrades now solve for disruptions
ABC News 12
("A U.S. Blackout as Large as India’s? ’Very Unlikely’," 7-31-12, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2012/07/a-u-s-blackout-as-large-as-indias-very-unlikely/, accessed 9-27-12 Bosley) As India recovers from …as rapidly as possible.”
Incentives Now
WNN 12
(World Nuclear News, SMR vendors apply for government funds, May 22 2012,
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-SMR_vendors_apply_for_government_funds-2205124.html) The DoE announced in …candidates for accelerated commercialization." They have no idea how much their plan costs, and best models prove plan not needed
Taso 11
(Firas Eugen Taso, “21st Century Civilian Nuclear Power and the Role of Small Modular Reactors”, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy; Tufts University, May 2011; http://www.fas.org/pubs/pir/2011summer/Summer2011-SmallModularReactorsHires.pdf)
Cost information was specifically …in the nuclear industry SMRs Suck, Meltdown and Waste Risks the Same but timeframe is 2022 at the earliest
Singer 12
(Ed, St. Louis Beacon, “Big or small, questions about nuclear reactors remain”; https://www.stlbeacon.org/#!/content/24610/pros_cons_of_small_modular_reactors)
But Ed Smith of …the plant in 2022. Turn - Incentives Kill Tech Leadership, Problems Get Ignored by Investors
Spencer and Loris 11
(Jack; Nicolas; Jack Spencer is a Senior Research Fellow, Nuclear Energy Policy at The Heritage Foundation; Herbert and Joyce Morgan Fellow at The Heritage Foundation, “A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?”, The Heritage Foundation, No. 2514, Backgrounder, 2-2-11; http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors)
Too many policymakers believe …already dominates the marketplace. SMRs empirically fail at commercialization
Magwood, Commissioner of the NRC, 11
(William, “AN EXAMINATION OF THE SAFETY AND ECONOMICS OF LIGHT WATER SMALL MODULAR REACTORS,” 7-14-11, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm, accessed 9-26-12 Bosley) That is not to …cost and schedule estimates. Huge barriers before SMR commercial development
Lovering et al. 12
(Jessica Lovering – Breakthrough Institute Energy and Climate Program policy analyst, Ted Nordhaus, Ted Nordhaus – Chairman of the Breakthrough Institute, Michael Shellenbergerare – President of the Breakthrough Institute, “Out of the Nuclear Closet,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet?page=full, accessed 9-26-12 Bosley) To move the needle …the world as well.
SMRs empirically fail at commercialization
Magwood, Commissioner of the NRC, 11
(William, “AN EXAMINATION OF THE SAFETY AND ECONOMICS OF LIGHT WATER SMALL MODULAR REACTORS,” 7-14-11, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm, accessed 9-26-12 Bosley) That is not to …cost and schedule estimates. Huge barriers before SMR commercial development
Lovering et al. 12
(Jessica Lovering – Breakthrough Institute Energy and Climate Program policy analyst, Ted Nordhaus, Ted Nordhaus – Chairman of the Breakthrough Institute, Michael Shellenbergerare – President of the Breakthrough Institute, “Out of the Nuclear Closet,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/07/out_of_the_nuclear_closet?page=full, accessed 9-26-12 Bosley) To move the needle …the world as well. Plan takes 10 years to solve
King et al. 11
(Marcus, Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy Team at Center for Naval Analyses, LaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, "Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations", March 2011, “Feasability of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations,” http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf, accessed 9-25-12 Bosley) The most basic licensing …construction to approximately 6 years 45. |
| 10/24/2012 | Tournament: West Point | Round: 2 | Opponent: USMA/CUNY HT | Judge:
The affirmative’s K of American policy is dangerous—it contributes to the collapse of US primacy Kagan, 98
(Robert, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and PhD in American History from American U, “The Benevolent Empire,” Foreign Policy. Summer, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=275 shree)
Those contributing to the …the next American humbling. Ignore their hipster politics—the whining needs to end so we can face real threats Hanson 3 (Victor Davis, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Professor Emeritus at California University, Fresno, Ph.D. from Stanford, “We Could Still Lose.” National Review Online. August 11. http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3050721.html shree) If one were to …as they pass away. Shock and Awe 1NC (3/10)
Ironic affirmation is code for wishful-thinking—their politics may be good in the abstract but suicidal in real life. Sowell 6 (Thomas, senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, “Serious or Suicidal”, Jewish World Review, http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/sowell010306.asp shree) Just last year, before …are serious or suicidal. Results in wars around globe
Rosen, 03
(Stephen Peter Rosen, Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security and Military Affairs at Harvard University, The National Interest. “An Empire, if You Can Keep It.” March 22. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-99377575.html shree)
Rather than wrestle with …that much more attractive. Vote negative to align yourself with American dominance—the unwavering rhetoric of support is critical to preserving international stability. Kristol and Kagan, 96
(William Kristol – visiting professor in government at Harvard University and Robert Kagan – senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and PhD in American History, “Toward a Neo-Reganite Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs. July/August, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=276 shree)
TWENTY YEARS later, it …supremacy and moral confidence.
We’ll pre-empt your impact turns: Sovereignty is inevitable— (A) Human nature—realist interactions between sovereign states are coded in our psychology Solomon 96 (Hussein, Senior Researcher, Human Security Project, “In Defense of Realism: Confessions of a Fallen Idealist,” African Security Review 5:2, http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/ASR/5No2/5No2/InDefense.html shree) The post-modern/critical theory challenge …of such a view. (B) Can’t convince other states to abandon power Mearsheimer 1 (John, Prof of Poli Sci @ UChi, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, http://www.irchina.org/xueke/fangfa/view.asp?id=114, accessed 7/13/10 shree) The optimists' claim that …each region at peace.
(C) Territorial borders are ontologically entrenched in human perception of difference Williams 3 (John, Senior Lecturer at the University of Durham, “Territorial Borders, International Ethics and Geography: Do Good Fences Still Make Good Neighbours?” Geopolitics, Summer, p. 37-40shree) Thus a more hermeneutic …may be a fixture. (D) Recognizing that sovereignty is “socially constructed” doesn’t make it disappear—only the alternative can solve the realities of state violence Jarvis 2K (D. S. L., Assoc Prof of IR @ U. British Columbia, International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, p 129-30shree) If the relevance of …seem to preoccupy Ashley. 40
De-operationalizing realism is undesirable— (A) It’ll be even more violent O'Callaghan 2 (Terry, lecturer in the school of International Relations at the University of South Australia, International Relations and the Third Debate, ed: Jarvis, p. 79-80shree) In fact, if we …study of international politics. (B) Best studies validate our alternative—if root causes are important, heg correlates way better than anything else for preventing political violence Owen 11 (John, associate professor of politics – University of Virginia, 2/11, “Don’t Discount Hegemony,” http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/ shree) Andrew Mack and his …liberal democracy remains strong.
Role of the ballot is to maximize the lives saved. Attempts to preserve more lives gives equality to all beings—short-circuits any value to life claim Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, pg. 145shree) We must not obscure …some to save many.
Heg solves genocide and mass violence globally Lieber 5 – PhD from Harvard, Professor of Government and International Affairs at Georgetown, former consultant to the State Department and for National Intelligence Estimates (Robert, “The American Era”, pages 51-52) The United States possesses …a more recent example. And, The 1AC drives violence so it’s try-or-die for the alternative— (A) The alternative is key to check great power wars—de-operationalizing our sovereignty doesn’t mean other countries and non-governmental actors won’t attempt to seize power and cause conflict—that’s O’Callagahan. A strategy of realist primacy is particularly key for the topic area. Adnan 7
http://arabspring.blogspot.com/2007/11/where-wilsonian-idealism-and.html
Dr. Sama Adnan is executive director of NewPolicy.org and New Policy PAC, an American lobby for Middle East peace. Changing the map of …prominence in the region.
(B) A strategy of de-securitization guarantees the tyranny of the majority—makes re-securitization and violent intervention against groups that choose to maintain static identities inevitable. Roe 4, Assistant Professor, International Relations and European Studies – Central European University, (Paul, “Securitization and Minority Rights: Conditions of Desecuritization,” Security Dialogue, Vol. 35, No. 3, September) Aradau’s (valuable) contentions aside, what …both sides is reduced. |
| 10/24/2012 | Tournament: West Point | Round: 3 | Opponent: Liberty FL | Judge:
A. Interpretation - crude Oil is raw petroleum, as it comes from the ground
Hunt 79
Manager, Energy Systems Division, McLaughlin Research Corporation
V. Daniel, ENERGY DICTIONARY, p. 106 crude oil. Raw petroleum …include natural gas products. A. Violation – algae is not crude oil or any of the other five forms of energy – it’s a biofuel – this is 1AC evidence
Benedetto 09
(Alex, Energy Intelligence Group, Washington, Energy Intelligence Group INC. – Natural Gas Week, August 24, “Algae-Based Biofuels Become Serious Contender,” http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-244422716.html, 10-11-12, DJS)
Algae has typically been …developing algae-based biofuel technology. |
| 10/24/2012 | Tournament: West Point | Round: 3 | Opponent: Liberty FL | Judge:
Obama leading in most battle ground states- stopped the Romney surge. The Examiner October 18th 2012 “Updated Obama versus Romney polls in the 10 key battleground states” http://www.examiner.com/article/updated-obama-versus-romney-polls-the-10-key-battleground-states-2 The most recent polls, including …debate on Tuesday night. Obama ahead Ohio The Columbus Dispatch October 11th 2012 http://dispatchpolitics.dispatch.com/content/blogs/the-daily-briefing/2012/10/11-oct.-12~-~--marist-poll.html President Barack Obama still …him favorably, 44 percent unfavorably. Clean energy hurts Obama’s re-election chances
Levine, 2012
(Steve, an FP blogger, is author of The Oil and the Glory and a longtime foreign correspondent, June 12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/06/12/playing_dirty?print=yesandhidecomments=yesandpage=full, Foreign Policy Magazine)MKD Is Barack Obama sufficiently …Republican majority in Congress. They piss off the base
TNF, 12
(The New Fuelist, "Obama’s tall environmental task in 2012", 1/3, http://www.newfuelist.com/blog/obama-coal-regulations-keystone-pipeline)
In case you can’t …the middle and right. Romney will label China a currency manipulator on Day 1 – we o/w on timeframe here
Christian Science Monitor, 8/23/12
(“Obama vs. Romney 101: 4 ways they differ on China” http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2012/0901/Obama-vs.-Romney-101-4-ways-they-differ-on-China/China-as-currency-manipulator) Mr. Romney says China’s …to nearly $300 billion in 2011. Romney election leads to China bashing --- results in a trade war
Palmer, 3/27/2012 (Doug, Romney would squeeze China on currency manipulation-adviser, p. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/28/us-usa-romney-china-idUSBRE82Q0ZS20120328)
Republican presidential candidate Mitt …Aldonas answered: "He is." US-China trade war triggers conflict
Landy 7
Ben Landy, Director of Research and Strategy at the Atlantic Media Company, publisher of the Atlantic Monthly, National Journal, and Government Executive magazines. Landy served in various research and project management positions at the Brookings Institution and Center for Strategic and International Studies, two leading public policy think tanks in Washington, D.C. Ben holds a bachelor of arts degree from Yale University. April 3, 2007, http://chinaredux.com/2007/04/03/protectionism-and-war/#comments
The greatest threat for …budgets and anti-satellite tests That goes nuclear
Taaffe 5 (Peter Taaffe, “China, A New Superpower?,” Socialist Alternative.org, Nov 1, 2005, pg. http://www.socialistalternative.org/news/article11.php?id=30)
While this conflict is …interests are at stake.
Nuclear unpopular Michael Mariotte June 2012 (Executive Director and the chief spokesperson for NIRS) http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/06/05/1097574/-Nuclear-Power-and-Public-Opinion-What-the-polls-say About three out of …as wind and solar.”
SMRs leads to NIMBY backlash – concern over waste. Andres and Breetz 11. [Richard, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications” Institute for National Strategic Studies February www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf] Small reactors used on …used to safeguard them. Approval ratings predict electoral outcomes:
Silver, 12 (Nate, 5/15, chief pollster for New York Times’ 538 election polling center. Regarded as top-level pollster based on distinct mathematical modelshttp://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/15/a-30000-foot-view-on-the-presidential-race/, Accessed 9/27/2012, rwg)
Although we are getting …especially for incumbent presidents. Means environmentalists would hate the plan Dears 12. [Donn, Energy expert retired from GE Company, President of TSAugust a 501 (C) 3 not for profit corporation “Why Environmentalists Are Wrong About Nuclear Power” June 7 http://epaabuse.com/7459/editorials/why-environmentalists-are-wrong-about-nuclear-power/] It’s an amazing irony …the United States 80% by 2050.
Slight shifts matter—this will be close to the end:
Silver, 12 (Nate, 5/15, chief pollster for New York Times’ 538 election polling center. Regarded as top-level pollster based on distinct mathematical modelshttp://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/15/a-30000-foot-view-on-the-presidential-race/, Accessed 9/27/2012, rwg)
The last thing to …odds at the margin.
Obama has a slight edge in Florida and undecideds are key, plans crushes his chances
David Alliot, 10/17/2012 (staff writer, “NewsmaxZogby Poll: Obama Edges Out Romney in Florida, 47%-44%,” http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/zogby-president-obama-romney/2012/10/17/id/460344, Accessed 10/17/2012, rwg)
Candidates are gearing up …such in the data. Currency retaliation kills China’s cooperation on efforts to arrest Iranian nuclearization
The Associated Press, September 23, 2010, p. online President Barack Obama pushed …on other global initiatives. Proliferation causes extinction
Taylor '02 (Stuart Jr., Senior Writer with the National Journal and contributing editor at Newsweek, Legal Times, September 16, L/N)
< The truth is, no …the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
() And…you should prefer Nate Silver’s methodology—he has uncannily accurate presidential forecasts:
Leigh Bureau, 9/12/2012 (http://www.leighbureau.com/speaker.asp?id=498, Accessed 9/12/2012, rwg)
Nate Silver Founder, FiveThirtyEight.com; …the District of Columbia. Colorado study is flawed: glaring methodology problems:
Rainey 9/12/2012 (James, staff, LA Times, "Two election models, like recent polls, tilt toward Obama", 2012, www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-two-election-models-obama-20120912,0,2273167.story, Accessed 9/15/2012, rwg)
Politics Now cited a …in the White House. Slight shifts matter—this will be close to the end:
Silver, 12 (Nate, 5/15, chief pollster for New York Times’ 538 election polling center. Regarded as top-level pollster based on distinct mathematical modelshttp://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/15/a-30000-foot-view-on-the-presidential-race/, Accessed 9/27/2012, rwg)
The last thing to …odds at the margin. The deficit is the key election issue - Obama needs to appear fiscally responsible - new spending causes him to lose, GOP will use it to push voters
USA Today, 5/26/2012 (“Obama campaign goes on the defensive on spending, debt,” http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-05-26/obama-romney-debt-spending/55221120/1, Accessed 9/15/2012, rwg)
What gives? In a …is stacked against him.
A) Women are uniquely concerned about the debt:
Susan Page, 10/15/2012 (staff writer, “Swing States poll: Women push Romney into lead,”¶ http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2012/10/15/swing-states-poll-women-voters-romney-obama/1634791/, Accessed 10/17/2012, rwg)
As the presidential campaign …by 8 points among men.
B) Women will decide the election:
Amie Parnes, 10/17/2012 (staff writer, “Obama hopes second debate performance stopped the bleeding,” http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/262611-obama-hopes-second-debate-stopped-the-bleeding, Accessed 10/17/2012, rwg)
Female voters could end …the former official said.
A) Independents oppose new spending:
Douglas E. Schoen, 2/8/2012 (staff writer, “The forgotten swing voter,” http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=7ED8592F-2122-4A55-AA3B-C5460134BE4A, Accessed 10/16/2012, rwg)
Other polling shows that …face, 62 percent to 24 percent. B) Swing voters key to the election:
Douglas E. Schoen, 2/8/2012 (staff writer, “The forgotten swing voter,” http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=7ED8592F-2122-4A55-AA3B-C5460134BE4A, Accessed 10/16/2012, rwg)
The two parties cannot …of the same gridlock.
plan unpopular people don’t want tax credit extensions
Diane Cardwell, January 26th, 2012, The New York Times, Energy Tax Breaks Proposed, Despite Waning Support for Subsidies, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/business/energy-environment/clean-energy-projects-face-waning-subsidies.html?pagewanted=all But there is a …lot of these things.”
Link: wind unpopular Solyndra proves
Diane Cardwell, January 26th, 2012, The New York Times, Energy Tax Breaks Proposed, Despite Waning Support for Subsidies, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/business/energy-environment/clean-energy-projects-face-waning-subsidies.html?pagewanted=all But the lobbying by …renewable power in particular. wind unpopular with Obama’s base states like Vermont Robert Bryce, July19, 2012, Robert Bryce is a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute. Windy Disinformaion, http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/310027/windy-disinformation-robert-bryce Had Mr. Glotfelty read…projects in its region.
Base is key—there are very few independent voters left:
David Shepardson, 9/8/2012 (staff writer, “Obama, Romney fire up campaigns,”
http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120908/POLITICS01/209080340/Obama--Romney-fire-up-campaigns, Accessed 9/12/2012, rwg)
"The general thrust of …made up their mind."
Obama receives blame for everything—he’s the Velcro president:
Peter Nicholas and Janet Hook, 7/30/2010 (staff writers, “Obama will only receive blame, not credit,” “Obama the Velcro president,” http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/30/nation/la-na-velcro-presidency-20100730, Accessed 10/2/2012, rwg)
Reporting from Washington — If Ronald …often his to solve. Even if no trade war, China-Bashing Crushes Relations
Chang 10/16
(Liu, Xinhuanet.com, English news in China; ‘U.S. presidential candidates should focus more on real issues, not China-bashing’; accessed 1017/12, DJS)
As the U.S. presidential …the first to suffer. US-China Relations solve extinction
Wenzhong, 04 (Zhou Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2-7-04. “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States,” http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm) China's development needs a …of the international community. Trade war shatters the Chinese economy
Yu 00 (Peter K., Professor of Intellectual Property – Michigan State University, “From Pirates To Partners: Protecting Intellectual Property In China In The Twenty-First Century”, American University Law Review, October, 50 Am. U.L. Rev. 131, Lexis) The word "strategic" implies …of the twenty-first century. 180
Sanctions jack the U.S. economy and competitiveness
Lee 5 (Don, Reporter – LA Times, “No Easy Answers on China Trade”, Los Angeles Times, 6-4, Lexis) If protectionist measures such …won't work over time." Turn - China will boycott treasury purchases - shattering the economy
Engdahl 5 (F. William, Current Concerns, Japan and China Tensions and Washington’s Asia Geopolitics, 4-24, http://www.currentconcerns.ch/archive/2005/03/20050312.php)
China holds one weapon …even for world peace. |
| 10/24/2012 | Tournament: West Point | Round: 3 | Opponent: Liberty FL | Judge:
Shifting from oil dependence causes prices to drop
DeCiantis, Masters in Public Policy from Harvard, 08
(Devin, Director of Strategic Partnerships for Costs of Care and has held numerous strategy and finance positions including strategic consulting for McKinsey and Co., investment banking at UBS, and managing digital media for the Walrus Foundation, “Speculations on an oil tariff,” 3-25-08, http://www.freedom24.org/rationalpost/2008/03/25/speculations-on-an-oil-tariff/, accessed 8-13-12 Bosley) In the mid-term, as …reserves remain relatively plentiful. High oil prices are key to Russia’s economy and regime stability
Kramer, New York Times reporter, 12
(Andrew E., “Putin Needs Higher Oil Prices to Pay for Campaign Promises,” 3-16-12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/business/global/vladimir-putins-big-promises-need-fueling-by-high-oil-prices.html, accessed 7-5-12 Bosley) MOSCOW — In American presidential politics…the nation’s credit rating. Russian economic collapse causes nuclear war
Filger, Huffington Post staff writer and author, 09
(Sheldon, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” 3-10-09, http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356, accessed 7-5-12 Bosley) In Russia historically, economic …its least dangerous consequence. hegemony accelerates power transition – economic openness allows challengers to catch-up, sparking power wars and destroying the foundations of American power
Layne 1998 Christopher, Associate Prof of Poli Sci at Miami, Rethinking American Grand Strategy, World Policy Journal, Summer, V15 I2
In purely economic terms, …its system-wide strategic interests. Hegemony will come undone with destabilizing consequences. Transitioning now is critical
Kupchan 2002 Charles, Prof of IR at Georgetown, The End of the American Era: US Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the 21st Century
The American era is …of the American Era. This decline is absolute—nothing we can do will regain heg
Kanin and Meyer, 12
(David B. Kanin is an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies. Steven E. Meyer is a fellow at the Center for Public Justice. Both were formerly employed by the US Central Intelligence Agency, “America’s Outmoded Security Strategy”, 2012, pdf)
The decline of American …to fight the Taliban. Data disproves hegemony impacts
Fettweis, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Tulane, 11
(Christopher J., “Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy,” 9-26-11, Comparative Strategy 30:4, p316-332) It is perhaps worth …view on faith alone. And the only conclusive empirics go negative – their studies are flawed in ignoring wars between major and minor states which cause draw-in
Monteiro, Assistant Professor of Political Science at NYU, 12
(Nuno P. Monteiro, Assistant Professor of Political Science at NYU, 2012, “Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is not Peaceful”, pdf) I agree with Wohlforth …that unipolarity is peaceful.48 Decline causes retrenchment – solves great power conflict, long term influence, and interventionism
MacDonald and Parent 11
(Paul K. MacDonald is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College. Joseph M. Parent is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami, “Graceful Decline? The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment,” International Security 35:4, Spring 2011, accessed 1-9-12Bosley) First, we challenge the …recovered their relative position.
Third, you prefer our evidence because only ours is comparative between current power and longer trends. Theirs are mistaken assessments of the status quo.
Kupchan 2002 Charles, Prof of IR at Georgetown, The End of the American Era: US Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the 21st Century
UNIPOLARITY IS HERE, but …will gradually slip away.
Growth is a catalyst for war
Boehmer 6/10 (Charles R., Ph.D Pennsylvania State U in IR, associate prof @ U of Texas at El Paso, Defence and Peace Economics, Vol. 21(3), pp.249-268, EBSCO, AD: 6-22-11,)ERM
Still, states often experience…equal chance of victory. Prices will remain high absent major shifts in oil independence – global demand trends
The Economist July 2012
(“Rollercoaster: Another leap. Where next?” 7-7-12, http://www.economist.com/node/21558310, accessed 7-20-12 Bosley) The emotional rollercoaster is …swings for a while.
The Russian economy is key to the US and global economy
Cooper, Specialist in International Trade for the Congressional Research Service, 09
(William H., “Russia’s Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States,” 6-29-09, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34512.pdf, accessed 8-13-12 Bosley) The greater importance of …that affect U.S. consumers. |
| 10/24/2012 | Tournament: West Point | Round: 6 | Opponent: Liberty EH | Judge:
A. Interpretation – financial incentives must be targeted at energy generation
O’Brien, Minister of State – Department for Energy and Climate Change in the UK Parliament, 08
(Mike, “Clause 20 — Terms and conditions,” 11-18-08, http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2008-11-18b.159.3, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley) I have quite a …real feed-in tariff scheme. B. Violation – research and development isn’t tied to energy production – the plan is an indirect incentive
EIA, Energy Information Administration of the US DOE, 92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley) Research and development. The …considered an indirect subsidy. C. Vote negative – tons of bidirectional mechanisms impact energy technology in ways that could increase or decrease production – only direct financial incentives for increased production creates fair, predictable limits
EIA, Energy Information Administration of the US DOE, 92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley) In some sense, most …or research and development. |
| 10/24/2012 | Tournament: West Point | Round: 6 | Opponent: Liberty EH | Judge:
( ) Venture capital shifting to grid modernization now NBC 12 Dinah Wisenberg Brin, award-winning writer with a strong background producing financial, healthcare, government news, “Clean Tech Investing Shifts, With Lower-Cost Ventures Gaining Favor” March 1, http://www.cnbc.com/id/46222448/Clean_Tech_Investing_Shifts_With_Lower_Cost_Ventures_Gaining_Favor For many investors, that …next 20- or 50-year cycle.
( ) Nuclear trades off with smart grid venture capital—that collapses the industry Froggatt 10 (Antony Froggatt, Senior Research Fellow at Chatham House, where he specializes in issues relating to climate change, EU energy policy and nuclear power, and Mycle Schneider works as an independent international consultant on energy and nuclear policy and advisor to German Environmental Agency, 10 “Systems for Change: Nuclear Power vs. Energy Efficiency + Renewables?” Heinrich Böll Foundation, March, pdf ) Global experience of nuclear …at least a generation.
( ) Turns heg Chu 12 (Stephen Chu, Nobel Prize is Physics, 12 “America’s Competitiveness Depends on a 21st Century Grid,” May 30, Energy.Gov, http://energy.gov/articles/america-s-competitiveness-depends-21st-century-grid PMA=Power Marketing Administrations) Upgrades are Key to …coordination among system operators. |
| 10/24/2012 | Tournament: West Point | Round: 9 | Opponent: Binghamton CP | Judge:
(A) Interpretation: A substantial increase in renewable energy incentives is 60%. Edie News ‘4 (“Government must fund more renewables, says business group,” http://www.climatebiz.com/news/2004/04/14/government-must-fund-more-renewables-says-business-group) NEW YORK, N.Y. -- A coalition of U.S. …amount actually allocated in 2004.
(B) Violation—plan is only 2.7 billion, that is not a 60% increase, there’s $18.5 billion available now
There’s 18.5 billion in loan guarantees now
NEI 11 (Nuclear Energy Institute, NEI is governed by a 49-member board of directors. The board includes representatives from the nation's 26 nuclear utilities, plant designers, architect/engineering firms and fuel cycle companies. Eighteen members of the board serve on the executive committee, which is responsible for NEI's business and policy affairs; President and Chief Executive Officer Energy Future Holdings Corporaiton Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, John F. Young is president and chief executive officer of Energy Future Holdings Corporation, a Dallas-based energy holding company with a portfolio of competitive and regulated energy subsidiaries primarily in Texas, including TXU Energy, Luminant and Oncor. Before joining EFH, Young was Exelon's executive vice president of finance and markets, responsible for Exelon's entire financial organization including the controller, treasury, planning, investor relations, corporate development, risk management, tax, audit and controls functions, and Exelon's trading and marketing organization, the Power Team. Young's previous leadership responsibilities at Exelon included the role of president of Exelon Generation, where he managed the company’s nuclear, fossil and hydro operations. In both of these leadership roles, Young oversaw the power trading and marketing operations of Exelon's Power Team. The Power Team was responsible for portfolio optimization, fuels management, wholesale marketing and Exelon Energy, the corporation's unregulated retail energy marketing entity in the Midwest. Young joined Exelon Power in March 2003 as chief operating officer and was named president of the operating unit in May 2003. Young joined Exelon from Sierra Pacific Resources Corporation, where he was senior vice president with responsibilities for the operation of the company's fossil and hydro facilities. From 1983 until 2000, Young rose through the ranks at Southern Company, then America's largest electric utility. His last position at Southern Company was executive vice president of Southern Generation, the largest wholesale energy provider in the Southeast. Young joined Southern after serving five years in the Navy, including a tour as engineering officer of the guided missile cruiser USS Ticonderoga; President and Chief Executive Officer Exelon Corporation Vice Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, Christopher M. Crane is president and chief executive officer of Chicago-based Exelon Corporation, the nation’s number one competitive energy provider. He oversees a family of companies representing every stage of the energy value chain, with more than 35,000 megawatts of owned generating capacity and 6.6 million electric and natural gas customers in Illinois, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Crane previously served as president and chief operating officer of Exelon Corporation. In that role, he oversaw one of the U.S. industry’s largest portfolios of electric generating capacity, with a multi-regional reach and the nation’s largest fleet of nuclear power plants. He directed a broad range of business including major acquisitions, transmission strategy, cost management initiatives, oversight of major capital programs, generation asset optimization and generation development. Crane is an acknowledged leader in the electric utility and nuclear industries. He is a member of the executive committee of the Edison Electric Institute and the board of directors of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, the industry organization promoting the highest levels of safety and reliability in nuclear plant operation. He is Vice Chairman of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the nation’s nuclear industry trade association, where he has also served as chairman of the New Plant Oversight Committee and as a member of the Nuclear Strategic Issues Advisory Committee, the Nuclear Fuel Supply Committee and the Materials Initiative Group. He is Vice Chairman of the World Nuclear Association, promoting the peaceful worldwide use of nuclear energy. Crane studied at New Hampshire Technical College, and attended Harvard Business School’s Advanced Management Program. He previously held a senior reactor operator certification.,Marv Fertel is president and chief executive officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute. He has 35 years of experience consulting for electric utilities on issues related to designing, siting, licensing and managing both fossil and nuclear plants. He has worked in executive positions with such organizations as Ebasco, Management Analysis Company and Tenera. In November 1990, he joined the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness as vice president of Technical Programs. With the formation of NEI in 1994, he became NEI’s vice president of Nuclear Economics and Fuel Supply. Mr. Fertel was named senior vice president and chief nuclear officer in 2003. In that role, he was responsible for leading NEI’s programs related to ensuring an effective and safety-focused regulatory process. He directed industrywide efforts to ensure adequate security is provided at nuclear power plants and to address generic technical issues related to commercial nuclear facilities. He also led NEI’s activities related to the long-term management of used nuclear fuel, including achieving success in the U.S. government’s program for the storage and ultimate disposal of used nuclear fuel. ..March 2011, http://inst.nuc.berkeley.edu/NE104/Final_Myths%20%20Facts_030711.pdf)
Fact: Seventy-six and a …and many other purposes.
A. Interpretation - Substantially is without material qualification
Black’s Law Dictionary 1991
p. 1024
Substantially - means essentially; without material qualification. |
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