Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T-Energy Generation
A. Interpretation – financial incentives must be targeted at energy generation
O’Brien, Minister of State – Department for Energy and Climate Change in the UK Parliament, 08
(Mike, “Clause 20 — Terms and conditions,” 11-18-08, http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2008-11-18b.159.3, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley)

I have quite …..-in tariff scheme.

B. Violation – research and development isn’t tied to energy production – the plan is an indirect incentive
EIA, Energy Information Administration of the US DOE, 92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley)

Research and development. …. an indirect subsidy.

C. Vote negative – tons of bidirectional mechanisms impact energy technology in ways that could increase or decrease production – only direct financial incentives for increased production creates fair, predictable limits
EIA, Energy Information Administration of the US DOE, 92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley)

In some sense…. and development.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T-Incentive Not Procure
A. Interpretation and violation – financial incentives excludes guaranteed public purchases
Czinkota et al, Professor of Business at Georgetown, 09
Michael, Ilkka A. Ronkainen, Georgetown University McDonough school of business professor, and Michael H. Moffett, Thunderbird school of global management continental grain professorship, “Fundamentals of International Business,” p.69, accessed via Google Books on 10-4-12 Bosley)

Incentives offered by …. in infrastructure facilities.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T-Production Not RandD
A. Interpretation – financial incentives must be targeted at energy generation
O’Brien, Minister of State – Department for Energy and Climate Change in the UK Parliament, 08
(Mike, “Clause 20 — Terms and conditions,” 11-18-08, http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2008-11-18b.159.3, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley)

I have quite …. feed-in tariff scheme.

B. Violation – research and development isn’t tied to energy production – the plan is an indirect incentive
EIA, Energy Information Administration of the US DOE, 92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley)

Research and development. …. an indirect subsidy.

C. Vote negative – tons of bidirectional mechanisms impact energy technology in ways that could increase or decrease production – only direct financial incentives for increased production creates fair, predictable limits
EIA, Energy Information Administration of the US DOE, 92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf, accessed 10-3-12 Bosley) 

In some sense, …. research and development.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T-Should
“Should” means they have to defend a desirable action

WordNet 12 (http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/should)

Should 1.  Used … degree of independence
 Decision-making is a trump and is the only portable skill—this turns the case and outweighs their offense 

Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp9-10

After several days …. favored political candidate.

Productive agonism requires rules and constraints to measure the performance of contestants—simply throwing out the topic destroys the agon and is more founded in slave morality than our framework—only contestation based on respect for the institution that makes competition possible creates good relationships between competitors and value to life—excluding their affirmative is the foundation of good agonism and key to existence of debate

Christa Davis Acampora 2, Professor of Philosophy at Hunter College of the City University of New York, Fall 2002, “Of Dangerous Games and Dastardly Deeds,” International Studies in Philosophy, Vol. 34, No. 3

The agonistic game …. cowardly and barbarous.

Constraints are key to creativity-challenging ourselves to innovate within the confines of rules creates far more creative responses than starting with a blank slate  

Mayer 6 – Marissa Ann Mayer, vice-president for search products and user experience at Google, February 13, 2006, “Creativity Loves Constraints,” online: http://www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/06_07/b3971144.htm?chan=gl
When people think …. possibilities (a canvas that is marked).

Abolishing constraints does not improve creativity-starting from defined constraints like the topic is better for overall creativity because innovative thinking comes from problem-solving like figuring out how to read what you want to read while still being topical

Intrator 10 – David, President of The Creative Organization, October 21, 2010, “Thinking Inside the Box,” http://www.trainingmag.com/article/thinking-inside-box 

One of the most …. you build your box.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T-Regulations

Interpretation – restrictions on production must mandate a decrease in quantity produced
Anell, Former Chair of the ICC’s Commission on Trade and Investment Policy, 89
(Lars E.R. Anell, “Canada – Important Restrictions on Ice Cream and Yoghurt,” Report of the Panel adopted at the Forty-fifth Session of the CONTRACTING PARTIES, 12-5-89, http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf)

The United States …all government measures

Vote negative for limits – only our interpretation provides a brightline that prevents exploding the possible number of policies or agents involved – lack of clarity destroys education by placing an unreasonable burden on negative research and pre-tournament prep.
Doub 76
(William O. Doub, Principal in the Law Firm of Doub and Muntzing, “Energy Regulation: A Quagmire for Energy Policy,” November 1976, http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435,  Annual Review of Energy 1: 715-725)

FERS began with …rather than the exception. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T-Financial Incentive
A. Interpretation – incentives are distinct from financial incentives
Schoofs, Professor of Electrical Engineering at Calvin College, 04
(Sam, Washington Internships for Students of Engineering Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 6 August 2004, “A federal Renewable Portfolio Standard: Policy Analysis and Proposal,” http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2004/WISE2004-SamSchoofsFinalPaper.pdf, accessed 10-4-12 Bosley)

D. Renewable Energy Policy Overview … programs in place 13.

Limits – expanding the topic outside of financial incentives makes it limitless
Czinkota et al, Professor of Business at Georgetown, 09
Michael, Ilkka A. Ronkainen, Georgetown University McDonough school of business professor, and Michael H. Moffett, Thunderbird school of global management continental grain professorship, “Fundamentals of International Business,” p.69, accessed via Google Books on 10-4-12 Bosley)

Incentives offered by … in infrastructure facilities.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP-SMR LWR 1
Text: the United States Federal Government should increase loan guarantees for and reduce licensing restrictions on thorium-fueled gas-cooled reactors, liquid metal-cooled reactors, and molten salt-cooled reactor.
It competes – “small modular reactors” include 60 different reactor designs – the plan mandates the inclusion of “water reactors” – the CP excludes it

King et al 11 (Dr. Marcus, Research Analyst and Project Director – CNA Corporation's Center for Naval Analyses, LaVar Huntzinger, and Thoi Nguyen, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations,” CNA Analysis and Solutions, March, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military %20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf)

Status of SMR technologies ….given in figure 2.
 
Light water reactors causes widespread proliferation

Sokolski 4 (Henry, Executive Director – Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, in the Preface of "A Fresh Examination of the Proliferation Dangers of Light Water Reactors," NPEC, 10-19, http://npec.xykon-llc.com/files/20041022-GilinskyEtAl-LWR.pdf)

The U.S. and its ….. weapons grade plutonium.
CP-SMR LWR 2
Text: the United States Federal Government should provide loan guarantees and remove licensing restrictions for thorium-based small modular reactors with the exception of water reactors.
It competes – “small modular reactors” include 60 different reactor designs – the plan mandates the inclusion of “water reactors” – the CP excludes it

King et al 11 (Dr. Marcus, Research Analyst and Project Director – CNA Corporation's Center for Naval Analyses, LaVar Huntzinger, and Thoi Nguyen, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations,” CNA Analysis and Solutions, March, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military %20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf)

Status of SMR technologies …. are given in figure 2.
 
Light water reactors causes widespread proliferation

Sokolski 4 (Henry, Executive Director – Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, in the Preface of "A Fresh Examination of the Proliferation Dangers of Light Water Reactors," NPEC, 10-19, http://npec.xykon-llc.com/files/20041022-GilinskyEtAl-LWR.pdf)

The U.S. and …. weapons grade plutonium.

Specifically – water-based reactors produce massive amounts of tritium as a byproduct

Morgan and Shea 10 (Daniel, and Dana A., Special in Science and Technology – CRS, “The Helium-3 Shortage: Supply, Demand, and Options for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, 12-22, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41419.pdf)

In addition to ….perception may change.
Even a limited amount of tritium causes thermonuclear weapon development – makes nuclear terrorism feasible

Gsponer and Hurni 8 (Dr. Andre, PhD in Physics and Research Associate – University of Chicago, and Jean-Pierre, PhD in Physics – University of Geneva, “ITER: The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and the Nuclear Weapons Proliferation Implications of Thermonuclear-Fusion Energy Systems,” Independent Scientific Research Institute, 2-2, http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0401110.pdf)

Technical points related ….future-generation nuclear weapons.
Extinction

Wilson 4 (Jim, Professor – Naval Post Graduate School and Chief Scientist – Neptune Sciences, “Dangerous Science,” Popular Mechanics, Vol. 181, Iss. 8; pg. 75, Research Library database. 2004, August. Project muse)

BEYOND H-BOMBS Although ….. ending civilization.
CP-ARPAE andLWR
The Advanced Research Projects Agency for Energy should fund the development and deployment of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) nuclear technology for the United States military with the exception of water reactors.

Hayward et al 10 (Steven Hayward, AEI Resident Scholar, Mark Muro, Brookings Institute Metropolitan Policy Program, Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, Breakthrough institute cofounders, October 2010, Post-Partisan Power, thebreakthrough.org/blog/Post-Partisan Power.pdf)

In addition to …. by the DOD.
It competes – “small modular reactors” include 60 different reactor designs – the plan mandates the inclusion of “water reactors” – the CP excludes it

King et al 11 (Dr. Marcus, Research Analyst and Project Director – CNA Corporation's Center for Naval Analyses, LaVar Huntzinger, and Thoi Nguyen, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations,” CNA Analysis and Solutions, March, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military %20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf)

Status of SMR technologies …. are given in figure 2.
 
Light water reactors causes widespread proliferation

Sokolski 4 (Henry, Executive Director – Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, in the Preface of "A Fresh Examination of the Proliferation Dangers of Light Water Reactors," NPEC, 10-19, http://npec.xykon-llc.com/files/20041022-GilinskyEtAl-LWR.pdf)

The U.S. and its ….. weapons grade plutonium.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP-States
Text: The 50 States of the United States should enter into an interstate compact to _.

Compacts solve the aff and avoid federal preemption
Craig 10
(Robin Kundis, Attorneys' Title Professor and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, University of Colorado Law Review, Summer, 2010, 81 U. Colo. L. Rev. 771; MULTISTATE DECISION MAKING FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND TRANSMISSION: SPOTLIGHT ON COLORADO, NEW MEXICO, UTAH, AND WYOMING: Constitutional Contours for the Design and Implementation of Multistate Renewable Energy Programs and Projects)MKD

While substantive and ….. renewable energy programs.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP-Holocaust
Their use of the term “Holocaust” in their Dillon evidence is racist and turns case.

Agamben 99 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the university of Verona, Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, pg. 28-31shree)

1.10 The history of … use of this term.

 
You make a mockery of the experience of the gas chambers by using the term “Holocaust,” which presupposes a notion of sacrifice that is natural, intentional, and necessary.  There is no real reason why they had to use a generic Dillon impact card that reduces the particularities and realities of dehumanization to a nonsensical phrase like “the zero point of the Holocaust.”  We can agree with their advocacy without analogizing the particular oppression of  to the “Holocaust”

Lang 90 (Berel, professor of philosophy at the state university of new york at Albany, Act and Idea in the Nazi Genocide, pg. xx-xxii, modified for gender language in  shree)

The reader of this … of its own possibility.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP-Market
Text:  The United States federal government should unconditionally fund the installation of wind energy property.
Solves 100% of the case—it does the aff but without market-based incentives

White and Williams 12  (Richard J. and Cohn C., senior lecturer of economic geography at Sheffield Hallam University; professor of public policy in the Management School at the University of Sheffield, Escaping Capitalist Hegemony: Rereading Western Economies in The Accumulation of Freedom, pg. 131-32shree)

The American anarchist … of place.

Market approaches to environment greenwash the status quo of its hegemonic inequalities and frenetic consumerism—incentives fail because they merely reproduce existing power relations which sustain an inequitable geopolitical agenda and makes extinction via sacrificial politics inevitable.  

Luke 8 (Timothy W, Department of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, The Politics of True Convenience or Inconvenient Truth: Struggles Over How to Sustain Capitalism, Democracy, and Ecology in the 21st Century, Environment and Planning, Vol. 40, pg 1811-1824shree)

This analysis is a brief …. demands radical action.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP-Prizes
Text: The United States federal government should allocate existing energy-related grant funding to provide cash prizes to the first private firm able to design
research solves

Nath 12 (Rutgers mis-spelled his name as “Nash,” Cleaning Up After Clean Energy: Hazardous Waste in the Solar Industry by Ishan Nath, is a sophomore at Stanford University double majoring in Economics and Earth Systems with a focus on energy science and technology from the Stanford Journal of International Relations, http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjir/pdf/Solar_11.2.pdf shree)

But in the mean time…. of truly clean energy.
Prizes solve better, avoid picking winners, and don’t link to politics 

Adler 11  Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law (Johnathan, 3/14/11, "EYES ON A CLIMATE PRIZE:REWARDING ENERGY INNOVATION TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE STABILIZATION," http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/elr/vol35_1/HLE101.pdf)
…the world over. 208

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
DA-Investors Switch
Investors are currently investing in wind and solar energy projects
Burger 8/17/12(Andrew, University of Colorado.Triple Pundit Direct Investments in Renewable Energy Increasingly Attractive to Pension Funds, Insurers. August 17, 2012)
Increasingly Attractive to Pension Funds, Insurers. August 17, 2012)

Institutional investors, such …. its new projects.

The government wants to shift energy funding to nuclear, taking away from cheaper more efficient ways of energy production
Greenpeace 2008(Climate Change Nuclear Not the Answer, THE CASE AGAINST NUCLEAR POWER And the case ….. of nuclear power.

Key to jobs
Myers 2010(J.E., The Benefits of Wind and Solar Energy, Livestrong.com, http://www.livestrong.com/article/157735-the-benefits-of-solar-energy-wind-energy/)

Solar and wind ….. new jobs will be.

Job growth key to the economy
AP, 11
(AP, 9-2, 11, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Employers-add-no-net-jobs-in-apf-4252098583.html?x=0andsec=topStoriesandpos=mainandasset=andccode= DOA: 9/2/11)
Analysts say the …... "Something has to give."

Economic decline causes war – multiple warrants and the best research flows neg
Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010
(Jedediah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p.213-215) JDB

Less intuitive is ….ancillary to those views.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
DA-Internal Shift
Uniqueness: China is going to spend money on CCS in the squo
BusinessGreen staff, September 22, 2011,
China banks on tighter emissions standards and CCS to cut emissions, http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2111207/china-banks-tighter-emissions-standards-ccs-cut-emissions
China is stepping up …400 million yuan (£40m).

US exports cause Chinese increase in coal use and leads to decrease in their domestic renewables investments
Brad Plumer, 05/01/12,
How the U.S. could influence China’s coal habits-with exports, The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/can-the-united-states-influence-chinas-coal-habits/2012/05/01/gIQAgqUpuT_blog.html
Coal exports, a ….dioxide as 60 million cars.

CCS is key to China’s economy and diversifying it away from carbon emissions
Ajay Gambhir March 6, 2012,
Grantham Institute at Imperial College London, How China can decarbonize by 2050, http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/4795

The Grantham Institute …. buildings and appliances.

China economic collapse leads to World War III
The Straights Times, 6/28/2003 (Tom Plate, UCLA professor, neo-cons a bigger risk to Bush than China,”)

But imagine a …. now seems to prefer. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
DA-Russian Oil
US is dependent on oil – status quo production won’t change that
Cavell, Former Assistant Professor of American Studies at the University of Bahrain, 12
(Colin S. Cavell, PhD and Center for Research on Globalization, “America’s Dependency on Middle East Oil Part II,” 4-8-12, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=30177, accessed 8-8-12 Bosley) *Tables excluded

Currently, approximately 35% …to support democracy. 

Shifting from oil dependence causes prices to drop
DeCiantis, Masters in Public Policy from Harvard, 08
(Devin, Director of Strategic Partnerships for Costs of Care and has held numerous strategy and finance positions including strategic consulting for McKinsey and Co., investment banking at UBS, and managing digital media for the Walrus Foundation, “Speculations on an oil tariff,” 3-25-08, http://www.freedom24.org/rationalpost/2008/03/25/speculations-on-an-oil-tariff/, accessed 8-13-12 Bosley)

In the mid-term, as …. remain relatively plentiful.

High oil prices are key to Russia’s economy and regime stability
Kramer, New York Times reporter, 12
(Andrew E., “Putin Needs Higher Oil Prices to Pay for Campaign Promises,” 3-16-12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/business/global/vladimir-putins-big-promises-need-fueling-by-high-oil-prices.html, accessed 7-5-12 Bosley)

MOSCOW — In American …. the nation’s credit rating.

Russian economic collapse causes nuclear war
Filger, Huffington Post staff writer and author, 09
(Sheldon, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” 3-10-09, http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356, accessed 7-5-12 Bosley)

In Russia historically, …least dangerous consequence.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
K-Managerialism
Energy production reveals the essence of modern technology—it enframes nature through the needs of a human subject, reducing our surroundings to standing-reserve.
Beckman 2K (Tad, Prof. of philosophy at Harvey Mudd College, “Heidegger and Environmental Ethics”, http://www2.hmc.edu/~tbeckman/personal/HEIDART.HTML//shree)

Heidegger clearly saw …. technology in its essence.
 
The technocratic disclosure of nature as standing-reserve is a rigged game—we are primed to interact with the world only as calculating machines.  That’s the precondition for nuclear war and sentences us to an eternity of counterfeit existence, purging value to life.
Beckman 2K (Tad, Prof. of philosophy at Harvey Mudd College, “Heidegger and Environmental Ethics”, http://www2.hmc.edu/~tbeckman/personal/HEIDART.HTML//shree)

The threat of …. structure of being.
 
Vote neg to reject the 1AC’s technological thinking in favor of meditative thought—this reveals alternate ways of being

Joseph 2K (Duquesne University, and editor for the Janus Head, Speaking Differently: Deconstruction/Meditative Thinking as the Heart of "the Faculty of Observing" http://www.janushead.org/3-1/ajoseph.cfm shree)

From a Heideggerian perspective, … be spoken about.
Ontology is a pre-requisite to decision-making

Dillon 99 (Michael, Professor of Politics at the University of Lancaster, 1999, Moral Spaces Pg. 97-98shree)

Heirs to all this…. of decision making.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
K-Ethical Calamities
The 1AC presentation of ethical calamities sustains the ascetic ideal, which internalizes suffering by masking it with surplus enjoyment—this recreates the harms and turns case
Zupančič 3 (Alenka, Philosopher at the University of Ljubljana, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” p 47-52, evidence under erasure shree)

It might seem …. “religious” thinking.
No reason to vote aff—no link between prescriptions and effects.
Žižek 95 (Slavoj, Inst of Sociology @ U of Ljubljana, Law and the Postmodern Mind: Superego by Default, Cardozo Law Rev, lexisshree)

Emphasis should be …. we can never be rid of it.
The alternative is an uncompromising negation of the 1AC’s ethical call-to-arms.  
Adorno 72 (Leading member of the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory, The Culture Industry, Published 2001, p 198-203, gendered language under erasureshree)

We older representatives ….. has not resigned.

Desire shapes the operation of the social and the direction of their offense.
Stavrakakis 99 (Yannis, Teaching Fellow at the Dept of Gov’t at Essex, Lacan and the Political, p 34shree)

What should be ….. longing for it.

K-Ethical Calamities 2
The 1AC presentation of ethical calamities sustains the ascetic ideal, which internalizes suffering by masking it with surplus enjoyment—this recreates the harms and petrifies the capacity to affirm life.

Zupančič 3 (Alenka, Philosopher at the University of Ljubljana, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” p 47-52, evidence under erasure shree)

It might seem that …. the paradigm of “religious” thinking.
No reason to vote aff—no link between prescriptions and effects.

Žižek 95 (Slavoj, Inst of Sociology @ U of Ljubljana, Law and the Postmodern Mind: Superego by Default, Cardozo Law Rev, lexisshree)

Emphasis should be …. we can never be rid of it.
The alternative is to forget the 1AC.  Forgetting is a positive faculty which allows us to achieve ourselves outside of asceticism’s deathgrip.

Zupančič 3 (Alenka, Philosopher at the U of Ljubljana, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” p 57-60, evidence under erasure shree)

This is perhaps …. possibility of a new one.
Desire shapes the operation of the social and the direction of their offense. 

Stavrakakis 99 (Yannis, Teaching Fellow at the Dept of Gov’t at Essex, Lacan and the Political, p 34shree)

What should be ….. we keep longing for it.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
K-Ecofem
The 1AC’s technical approach to production casts the only actors capable of influencing the natural world to be those in a potent, masculine subject position capable of “creation”—this reduces all of the natural world to malleable material awaiting exploitation.

Haraway 4 (Donna, professor of the History of Consciousness at the University of California at Santa Cruz, The Haraway Reader, p. 65-67shree)

In this essay’s …..of enlightenment transcendence.

environmental problems, economic inequities, and weapons of mass destruction will be inevitable without looking at them through an ecofeminist lens.
Peterson, 99.  (V. Spike.  Professor of Political Science.  University of Arizona.  “Global Gender Issues: Revisited.” Westview Press. p.17)  {Reformatted M.e. 5.17.11}

Finally, gender-…. in the world.  

The alt is to embrace social ecofeminism
Richard T Twine, 2001, Twine is a sociologist working at Lancaster University, England and focuses his research on intesectionality and ecofeminism. He has numerous publications and books on the subject. “Ecofeminisms in Process” published in the journals of www.ecofem.org/journal.

Remaining, a little ….. (Ruether 1992, Adams ed. 1993).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
K-Settlerism
The 1AC’s comportment towards energy production is premised on the structural imposition of an epistemology of “possession”—the belief that humans have a right to possess and dispose of the land and its “resources” as they see fit.  The mode of relationality inherent within the paradigm of civil society is tantamount to ontological degradation and responsible for the genocide of indigenous populations. 

Wilderson 10 (Frank, MFA @ Columbia University in Fiction Writing, Ph.D. @ University of California, Berkeley in Rhetoric/Film Studies, Prof @ UC Irvine, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, p176-178shree)  

"Savage" sovereignty qua …. re-Indigenize the land.
Genocidal assaults on indigenous populations set the foundation for serial policy failure in imperialist campaigns abroad—risks extinction.

Street 4 (Paul Street, phD in History from Binghamton, march 11, “Those Who Deny the Crimes of the Past,” http://www.zcommunications.org/those-who-deny-the-crimes-of-the-past-by-paul-street shree)

It is especially important ….those who came to destroy.
Vote negative to reject the 1AC in favor of a historical genealogy that traces the political repugnancies of the U.S. to the Settlerist invasion of Native North America.  

Churchill 3 (Ward, Acts of Rebellion: The Ward Churchill Reader, p. xv-xvii) PM

The question arises ….than that made on 9-1-1. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
K-Specieism
Start your decision with a recognition of your connection to more than human others.  Beginning with the human social betrays your anthropocentric bias and reinforces the root cause of violence. 

Rose 6 (Rebecca, Lecturer in Literature for Trinity College Foundation Studies, The University of Melbourne, 2006, COLLOQUY text theory critique  12shree)

In recent decades concern …in the making.29
Vote negative to reject their egocentric ethics in favor of an ecocentric ethic that starts by emphasizing the intrinsic values of Earth’s geoecosystem.

Rowe 3 (Stan, retired ecology teacher, prof emeritus at the U of Saskatchewan, The Trumpeter  Volume 19, Number 2shree)

Ethical systems express …an Ecological Ethics.   

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Middle East PIC
The term “Middle East” in the tag of their Spanos 2008 card is an old British label based on the orientalist perception of England as the Center and everywhere else as the periphery.  We can agree with their advocacy but they should use “Afro-Asian World” or one of several alternatives instead

Hanafi 98 (Hassan, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cairo where he has been Chairman of the Department of Philosophy since 1988. “The Middle East, in whose world?,” The Fourth Nordic Conference on Middle Eastern Studies: The Middle East in Globalizing World.  August shree)

The expression … center and the periphery.

Turns Case

Hanafi 98 (Hassan, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cairo where he has been Chairman of the Department of Philosophy since 1988. “The Middle East, in whose world?,” The Fourth Nordic Conference on Middle Eastern Studies: The Middle East in Globalizing World.  August shree)

Islam is described in …., who can tell?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Politics DA
Immigration reform will pass now despite legislative hurdles but capital is key
Foley, Huffington Post, 1-15-13
(Elise, “Obama Gears Up For Immigration Reform Push In Second Term,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/15/obama-immigration-reform_n_2463388.html, accessed 1-17-13 Bosley)

Obama and his who are pushing for a bill.

link

Immigration reform is key to the economy and relations with China and India
Williams, LA Times, 12
(Carol J., “Other countries eagerly await U.S. immigration reform,” 11-9-12, http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html, accessed 1-17-13 Bosley)

"Comprehensive immigration reform …. plus than not," he said.

US-India relations solve South Asian nuclear war
Schaffer, Director of the South Asia Program at CSIS, 02
(Teresita C., “Building a New Partnership with India,” Washington Quarterly 25:2, accessed 1-17-13 /Bosley)

Washington's increased … relations with the United States.

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Keystone DA
Republicans will attach Keystone XL to the next must bass energy bill
Menton, 12
Jessica Menton, writer for the International Business Times, January 30, 2012, http://tv.ibtimes.com/senate-aims-to-bypass-obama-on-keystone-pipeline/3279.html
This new bill is a …. bill comes to a vote.  
The plan is a must pass bill because of fiat this means that keystone gets attached even if it’s not popular

Wallace 12
John W. Wallace, writer and businessman accessed Oct 25th 2012 Position Paper: Single Issue Legislation, http://www.nyoathkeeper.com/PositionPaper-SingleIssueLegislation.pdf

For those unfamiliar …. budget must be passed!

Keystone is MORE likely to kill jobs turns case through oil leaks and will poison the Ogallala Aquifer’s fresh water supplies
Cornell GLI in 2011. Cornell University, School of Industrial and Labor Relations - Global Labor Institute, “Pipe dreams? Jobs Gained, Jobs Lost by the Construction of Keystone XL” November. /sal http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/globallaborinstitute/research/upload/GLI_KeystoneXL_Reportpdf.pdf

The industry has …. estimated to cost $42.6 million. 89

Independently, depletion of the Ogallala’s freshwater supplies causes extinction- it sustains critical ecosystems which are key to humans
Environmental News Service 97. "Nature's services worth trillions" (2/18/07) http://forests.org/archived_site/today/recent/1997/ecoworth.htm

Renowned Stanford ecologist ….. reducing the scale of human activities: * 

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Framework
A. Interpretation  the role of the ballot is to evaluate the hypothetical enactment of a topical policy action

“Resolved” before a colon introduces a formal resolution
Army Officer School 04
(5-12, “# 12, Punctuation  The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces the …. council petition the mayor.
2. “The United States federal government should” means the debate is solely about hypothetical policy action
Ericson et al. 03
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts at California Polytechnic State University, 2003, “The Debater’s Guide,” Third Edition,” p. 7, accessed via Google Books on 3-29-12 Bosley)

The Proposition of Policy: ….. action that you propose. 

3. “The United States federal government” is the legislative, judicial, and executive branches
USA.gov 12
(Official US. Government Web Portal, “U.S. Federal Government, last updated 3-27-12, http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml, accessed 3-29-12 Bosley)

U.S. Federal Government …. governmental power and functions. 

3. Energy Politics – failure to debate concrete energy policy results in its depoliticization—that causes a technocratic fill in and destroys informed agency and informed decision-making in politics
Kuzemko, Post-Doctoral Fellow at the CSGR University of Warwick, 12
(Caroline, “Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy,” 3-5-12, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf, accessed 1-2-12 Bosley)

Both Hay (2007) and Flinders ….. processes of depoliticisation (cf. Kuzemko 2012b: 61-66; Wood 2011: 7).

4. Deliberation
a. Defending a topic that involves the state for the sake of deliberation is distinct from accepting it, and limiting out some arguments for the sake of that deliberation is a more productive discourse that solves the aff better
Talisse, Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt, 05
(Robert, “Deliberativist responses to activist challenges: A continuation of Young’s dialectic, ” Philosophy and Social Criticism 31:4, pp.423-444, accessed 1-2-13 Bosley) *Evidence has been gender modified

These two serious ….. remedy these distortions.

b. The impact outweighs—deliberative debate models impart skills vital to respond to existential threats
Lundberg, Professor of Communications at the University of North Carolina, 10
(Christian, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century by Allan D. Louden, p310, accessed 1-3-13 on Google Books Bosley)

The second major …. to democracy in an increasingly complex world. 

5. Group Think – switch-side deliberation is the best alternative to activism because it requires continual testing that bolsters advocacy and inclusion—refusal leads to group polarization and turns debate into a useless echo chamber
Talisse, Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt, 05
(Robert, “Deliberativist responses to activist challenges: A continuation of Young’s dialectic, ” Philosophy and Social Criticism 31:4, pp.423-444, accessed 1-2-13 Bosley) *Evidence has been gender modified

Although Young treats these ….. activist denies this, he one is unreasonable.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Drones CP
CP TEXT: The United States Federal Government should decommission all of its drones and place a moratorium on building new drones

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Houston CP
Text – The United States federal government should limit the Exon-Florio review of international investment in wind power to not include national security or economic competition as a factor.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
DA-Elections-Russia Relations
Obama still ahead- state by state polling in swing states

Nate Silver October 11th 2012 “Oct. 10: Is Romney Leading Right Now?” http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/11/oct-10-is-romney-leading-right-now/

For the time …..of swing states.)

Advocating nuclear would be election suicide for Obama-he’s backing off it now
Levine 9/7 Gregg is a contributing editor and former managing editor of Firedoglake. “Obama Drops Nuclear from Energy Segment of Convention Speech,” 2012, http://capitoilette.com/2012/09/07/obama-drops-nuclear-from-energy-segment-of-convention-speech/
That Duke’s CEO …. nuclear power is political deadweight.
Romney election triggers US-Russian relation crisis

LA Times July 2012 “Russian official: Romney's hard line could bring 'full-scale crisis” http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/02/news/la-pn-russian-official-romneys-hard-line-could-bring-fullscale-crisis-20120702

Mitt Romney’s comment …. very troubling indeed."

Russian relations key to avoid extinction, nuclear terrorism, proliferation, energy access, and hegemony

Allison, Graham and Robert D. Blackwill. "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters." Politico, October 30, 2011 (Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs) http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html

That central point ….advancing our national interests.

DA-Elections Iran Strikes
Obama will win – the important polls are in his favor
Silver, 9/20/12
(Nate, political forecaster and analyst, “Sept. 19: A Wild Day in the Polls, but Obama Ends Up Ahead,” http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/sept-19-a-wild-day-in-the-polls-but-obama-ends-up-ahead, bgm)

By the end of Wednesday, …. between these 16 surveys.

Plan forces a wedge in the democratic base by forcing Obama to commit to an energy policy
Reuters August 24th 2012
“Romney, Obama both evade key energy issues: Kemp” http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/08/24/column-kemp-energy-us-vote-idINL6E8JO9SC20120824

Aug 24 (Reuters) - U.S. …. to block Keystone.

Romney election causes Iran strikes, crushes US-Indian relations, and collapse the economy
Juan Cole 2012 (Richard P. Mitchell Collegiate Professor of History at the University of Michigan) http://www.juancole.com/2012/08/mitt-romneys-coming-war-on-iran-a-tale-of-two-conventions.html

Other defiance came ….deep global recession.

Strikes destroy hegemony, sparks terrorism, and guarantees Middle East war
Wilson Center September 2012 (a report by former government officials, national security experts and retired military officers )“Weighing Benefits and Costs of Military Action Against Iran.” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/IranReport_091112_FINAL.pdf

A U.S. and/or …. markets, currencies, and recovery.

That goes nuclear – defense is outdated
London, President Emeritus of the Hudson Institute, 2010
(Herbert, also professor emeritus and the former John M. Olin Professor of Humanities at New York University, “The Coming Crisis in the Middle East,” 6-23-10, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=7101andpubType=HI_Opeds, accessed 1-5-12) JDB

The gathering storm …. Arab and Jew, Persian and Egyptian

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
DA- Fiscal Cliff

Election gave Obama necessary political capital to avoid fiscal cliff
Ledger Newsroom 11/7 2012 “Barack Obama defeats Mitt Romney to win second term” http://www.knickledger.com/author/staffreports/
This doesn’t mean that Obama will suddenly become a socialist. He will still seek compromise with a Republican-controlled House …. progressive tax policies.

Energy policy is controversial
CRS September 2012 (Congressional Research Service)“Energy Policy: Election Year Issues and  Legislative Proposals” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42756.pdf
Energy policy in … necessary evil at best.

Fiscal cliff collapses the global economy- high risk of spillover
Abelson, 9/29 (Alan, A Whiff of the Cliff, http://online.barrons.com/article/SB50001424053111904414004578016362125068392.html?mod=BOL_hpp_mag)
Consider the foregoing … for the infamous fiscal cliff.

Economic decline causes war – multiple warrants and the best research flows neg
Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010
(Jedediah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p.213-215) JDB
Less intuitive is how …. ancillary to those views.