| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Advantage 1 is China Russia, China, and India are massively developing their commercial nuclear infrastructures—absent the plan, US capabilities will be surpassed Wallace and Williams, 4/12 (Michael, Michael Wallace comes to CSIS from Constellation Energy, where he served as vice chairman and COO. During his nine years at Constellation Energy, he led many company business activities, including the formation and operation of two joint ventures with EDF related to nuclear energy. Prior to joining Constellation Energy, he was cofounder and managing director of Barrington Energy Partners, LLC, a strategic consulting firm specializing in energy industry transactions and advisory services. Before joining Barrington Energy, he had more than 25 years of senior executive and utility operations experience. He holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Marquette University and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago, with a specialization in finance. He also served as a naval officer in the U.S. Navy nuclear submarine force. Mr. Wallace is a member of the National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC), which advises the president on matters related to homeland security. He is also a member of the Nuclear Sector Coordinating Council under the Department of Homeland Security’s National Infrastructure Protection Plan and a member of Business Executives for National Security (BENS), the Naval Historical Foundation Advisory Council, and the Marquette University College of Engineering National Advisory Council; Sarah, April 17, 2012; http://csis.org/publication/nuclear-energy-america-preventing-its-early-demise) Meanwhile, China, India, Russia … its early demise. Absent the plan, China will surpass the US as the hegemon in Asia Cullinane, 11 (Scott, graduate student at the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C, “America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy “, September 28, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=articleandcatid=118%3Acontentandid=319%3Aamerica-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energyandtmpl=componentandprint=1andpage=andoption=com_contentandItemid=376) NL The American nuclear industry… commercial nuclear energy trade US regional influence is key to East Asian stability and preventing Japanese militarization, Indo-Pak nuclear war, and Taiwan nuclear war Goh, 08 Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the Univ of Oxford (Evelyn, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, “Hierarchy and the role of the United States in the East Asian security order,” 2008 8(3):353-377, Oxford Journals Database, _) NL The centrality of these mutual processes… would appear to be much worse. Japanese militarization causes an Asian arms race Richardson, 06 Richardson Presidential Management Fellow DOD ‘6 (Corey-, Sept. 9, “South Korea must choose sides”, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/HI09Dg02.html) Japan must then consider … point in the future That’s the most likely scenario for a nuclear war Cimbala, 08 (Stephen J.-, March, Comparative Strategy, “Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia”, Vol. 27 #2, Informaworld) The spread of nuclear weapons … of major interstate warfare. Indo-Pak War causes extinction ThaiIndian News, 08 ThaiIndian News 8 (ThaiIndian News, “India-Pakistan nuclear war would spell global calamity: study,” http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/india-pakistan-nuclear-war-would-spell-global-calamity-study_10035636.html) A brief nuclear war … polluting the food chain Advantage 2 is Nuclear Weapons Massive shortage of nuclear weapons workers now crushes nuclear deterrent Heritage 6/6 (Chris Gardner is a former writer for the Homeland Security NewsWire and freelance writer based in Washington, D.C. He is currently on staff at The Heritage Foundation.; June 6, 2012, http://jacecar.com/2012/06/deterioration-of-nuclear-infrastructure-undermines-u-s-security/) Speaking to the Council … plan that closes The plan draws in new workers to the nuclear industry NYT, 10 (Steve Lohr, New York Times, “the New Jobs in Atomic Energy”, April 21, 2010; http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/business/energy-environment/22TECH.html?pagewanted=all) In the Bay City… Nuclear Energy Institute. Civil and military nuclear jobs are interchangeable Royal Society, 11 (The Royal Society, “Fuel cycle stewardship in a nuclear renaissance’; October 2011; “2http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/projects/nuclear-non-proliferation/FuelCycleStewardshipNuclearRenaissance.pdf) Anticipation of a nuclear … nuclear disarmament (FCO 2009). Our nuclear deterrent prevents nuclear war—regional tensions escalate and people are significantly more trigger happy Robinson, 01 Robinson, director of the Sandia National Laboratories, 2001 (Paul, “A White Paper: Pursuing a Nuclear Weapons Policy for the 21st Century”, http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/Nuclear-Weapons-Policy-21stC.htm) Additionally, throughout the Cold … and peaceful world. Advantage 3 is Clean Energy Increased nuclear power solves clean tech Domenici and Miller, 12 (Pete Domenici BPC Senior Fellow Co-chair, BPC Nuclear Initiative, and Warren “Pete” Miller, Ph.D. Co-chair, BPC Nuclear Initiative Former Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets A Report of the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Nuclear Initiative”, July, pdf) NL Strategic Goal: Ensuring … clean-energy objectives Failure to maintain innovation leads to hegemonic decline Drezner, 01 Daniel Drezner (professor of international politics at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University) 2001 “State structure, technological leadership and the maintenance of hegemony” http://www.danieldrezner.com/research/tech.pdf In this decade … lead over time. US heg checks Middle East instability Brzezinski, 12 (Zbigniew Brzezinski, Polish American political scientist, geostrategist, and statesman who served as United States National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter, “8 Geopolitically Endangered Species”, Jan/Feb 12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/8_geopolitically_endangered_species) 8. ISRAEL and the … Persian Gulf allies Nuclear War Steinbach, 02 Steinbach 2002 (John; DC Iraq Coalition) “Israeli Weapons of Mass Destruction: a Threat to Peace” http://globalresearch.ca/articles/STE203A.html Meanwhile, the existence … a world conflagration Advantage 4 is proliferation The ability to combat proliferation has radically declined—only by rebuilding our nuclear infrastructure can we ensure our nonproliferation objectives succeed Bengelsdorf et al, 07 (HAROLD BENGELSDORF, currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, held numerous senior positions in the U.S. government, including the Energy Department and its predecessor agencies, the State Department, and the U.S. Mission to the IAEA, served as the director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs, involved in the negotiation of numerous bilateral and multilateral nuclear and nonproliferation agreements, including the development of full-scope IAEA safeguards (INFCIRC/153) to implement the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and FRED MCGOLDRICK, currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, previous U.S. State Department official, where he negotiated peaceful nuclear cooperation agreements with China, the European Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, Argentina and Brazil, also served as Minister Counselor in the U.S. Mission to the IAEA. and MICHAEL SCHWARTZ is a Principal with the Washington, D.C. based consulting firm of Energy Resources International, Inc., “The U.S. Domestic Civil Nuclear Infrastructure And U.S. Nonproliferation Policy”, a white paper presented by the American Council on Global Nuclear Power Competitiveness, may 2007, pdf) NL Today due to its … the U.S. has supplied Fixing our nuclear infrastructure is key to prevent proliferation Loudermilk, 11 (Micah, research associate with the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program at National Defense University, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs”, Journal of Energy Security, 5-31-11, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=articleandcatid=116%3Acontent0411andid=314%3Asmall-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandtmpl=componentandprint=1andpage=andoption=com_contentandItemid=375) Reactor safety itself … developing reactor technologies. Proliferation virtually guarantees nuclear war Kroenig 12 Matthew, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University, and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, “The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future?,” Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182andtid=30 Nuclear War. The … devastating nuclear exchange Advantage 5 is the economy The economy is weak—it’s the slowest recovery from any recession in history—we must act now or it will collapse Glassman, 7/31 (James K, founding executive director of the George W. Bush Institute, host and moderater of “Ideas in Action,” a weekly television series on public policy issues, ex-president of the Atlantic Monthly magazine, publisher of the New Republic magazine, executive vice president of U.S. News and World Report, and editor and co-owner of Roll Call, the Congressional newspaper, graduated from Harvard (where I was managing editor of The Crimson), Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs under President George W. Bush, and before that, as chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, written three books on investing, and my articles on finance, economics, and foreign policy have appeared in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, Kiplinger’s Personal Finance, Forbes, among others and currently sits on the Investor Advisory Committee of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, "Let's Be Clear, The U.S. Economy Is Just Awful", 7/31, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesglassman/2012/07/31/lets-be-clear-the-u-s-economy-is-just-awful/) NL This is the worst recovery … is also a practical goal Nuclear Energy Solves— A) Jobs-- New Nuclear Power Plants Create up to 500,000 jobs Weaver, 09 (Lynn Edward, Lynn Edward Weaver is President Emeritus of Florida Institute of Technology, http://www.theledger.com/article/20090128/COLUMNISTS/901280304?p=2andtc=pg) Is there any doubt … meeting our energy needs Job growth key to the economy AP, 11 (AP, 9-2, 11, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Employers-add-no-net-jobs-in-apf-4252098583.html?x=0andsec=topStoriesandpos=mainandasset=andccode= DOA: 9/2/11) Analysts say the … Something has to give." B) Cost stability—nuclear prices don’t fluctuate greatly and is reliable Whitman, 07 (Christine Todd, former governor of New Jersey, was administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from 2001 to 2003, “The Case in Favor of Nuclear Power”, 9/12, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20730356) NL Enter nuclear energy … today were licensed. Low, stable prices are key to the economy EEI, 08 (Edison Electric Institute, “Electricity and the U.S. Economy”; http://www.getenergyactive.org/value/economy.htm) The U.S. economy … stable price of electricity. C) Innovation—that’s key to the economy Traven, 06 Michael, J.D., Capital University Law School, RESTRICTING INNOVATION: HOW RESTRICTIVEU.S. VISA POLICIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO DEPLETE OUR INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, Capital University Law Review 34 Cap. U.L. Rev. 693, summer, lexis Introduction B. Impact … in the foreseeable future. Economic decline leads to miscalc and war Royal, 10 Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ‘10 [Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215] Less intuitive is how … deserves more attention Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase the available funding for the nuclear loan guarantee program. Contention 2 is solvency Nuclear energy is cheap, safe, reliable, and has very little environmental impact Learsy, 05 (Learsy, commodities trader and member of the Wilson Council at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2005 Raymond J., “Over a Barrel: Breaking the Middle East Oil Cartel” pg. 229-230) Technology is rapidly … nuclear power generation Loan guarantees spur the development of nuclear power— A) They lower interest rates and startup costs Byron et al, 07 (Barbara Bryon, senior nuclear policy advisor at the Energy Commission, Lorraine White, program manager, and B. B. Blevins, Executive Director, “Nuclear Power in California: 2007 Status Report”, October, pdf) NL
Loan Guarantee Program … turn to yellow to red” (Energy Commission 2007f, p.281). B) They lower the average cost of running the plant NEI, 09 (The Nuclear Energy Initiative, “Policies that Support New Nuclear Power Plant Development”, October 2009, pdf) NL Loan Guarantee Program … and reducing emissions. The only problem now with the program is the lack of money—the plan ensures that loan guarantees are sufficient Ben-Moshe et al, 09 (Sony Ben-Moshe, Finance Department of the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins, an alternative energy consultant firm, Jason J Crowell, research associate, Kelley Michael Gale, Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups, Breton A. Peace, PHd from the University of Michigan, Brett P Rosenblatt, Managing Partner of the San Diego office and ex-head of the San Diego office's Finance Department, and Kelly D. Thomason, attorney in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP, “Financing The Nuclear Renaissance: The Benefits and Potential Pitfalls of Federal and State Government Subsidies and The Future of Nuclear Power in California”, In the Energy Law Journal, Volume 30 Number 2, 2009, pdf) NL The size of the … receive loan guarantees The federal government is key—insecurities about the creation of plants means the private sector won’t do the plan Parker and Holt, 07 (Larry Parker and Mark Holt, specialists in energy policy for the Congressional Research Service, in “Nuclear Power: Outlook for New US Reactors”, a Congressional Research Service report for Congress, 3/9/07, pdf) NL Because it is generally ... September 2006 testimony Federal loan guarantees are key to plant production in deregulated states Frye, 08 (Roland M Frye Jr, Mr. Frye has practiced in the field of federal energy regulation for thirty-one years, in both the public and private sectors, and has served for the last sixteen years as the Senior Attorney in the Office of Commission Appellate Adjudication of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), “The Current ‘Nuclear Renaissance in the United States, its underlying reasons and its potential pitfalls”, Energy Law Journal Volume 29 No 2, 2008, pdf) NL By contrast, power … periods than that. |
| 11/06/2012 | Tournament: West Point | Round: All | Opponent: | Judge:
Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase the available funding for the nuclear loan guarantee program. Advantage 1 is China Russia, China, and India are massively developing their commercial nuclear infrastructures—absent the plan, US capabilities will be surpassed
Wallace and Williams, 4/17
(Michael, Michael Wallace comes to CSIS from Constellation Energy, where he served as vice chairman and COO. During his nine years at Constellation Energy, he led many company business activities, including the formation and operation of two joint ventures with EDF related to nuclear energy. Prior to joining Constellation Energy, he was cofounder and managing director of Barrington Energy Partners, LLC, a strategic consulting firm specializing in energy industry transactions and advisory services. Before joining Barrington Energy, he had more than 25 years of senior executive and utility operations experience. He holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Marquette University and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago, with a specialization in finance. He also served as a naval officer in the U.S. Navy nuclear submarine force. Mr. Wallace is a member of the National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC), which advises the president on matters related to homeland security. He is also a member of the Nuclear Sector Coordinating Council under the Department of Homeland Security’s National Infrastructure Protection Plan and a member of Business Executives for National Security (BENS), the Naval Historical Foundation Advisory Council, and the Marquette University College of Engineering National Advisory Council; Sarah, April 17, 2012; http://csis.org/publication/nuclear-energy-america-preventing-its-early-demise)
Meanwhile, China, India, Russia, … its early demise. Absent the plan, China will surpass the US as the hegemon in Asia
Cullinane, 11
(Scott, graduate student at the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C, “America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy “, September 28, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=articleandcatid=118%3Acontentandid=319%3Aamerica-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energyandtmpl=componentandprint=1andpage=andoption=com_contentandItemid=376) NL The American nuclear … nuclear energy trade. China’s rise challenges US regional hegemony which is key to preventing war in the region
Ward, 12
(Alex, Durham University, "Is the USA Still the Indispensible Power in East Asia?", March 23, www.e-ir.info/2012/03/23/is-the-usa-still-the-indispensible-power-in-east-asia/) NL
In November 2011, … in the 2007-2008 breakthroughs. Specifically, US regional influence is key to East Asian stability and preventing Japanese militarization, Indo-Pak nuclear war, and Taiwan nuclear war
Goh, 08
Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the Univ of Oxford (Evelyn, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, “Hierarchy and the role of the United States in the East Asian security order,” 2008 8(3):353-377, Oxford Journals Database, _) NL The centrality of … appear to be much worse. Japanese militarization causes an Asian arms race
Richardson, 06
Richardson Presidential Management Fellow DOD ‘6 (Corey-, Sept. 9, “South Korea must choose sides”, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/HI09Dg02.html)
Japan must then … in the future. That’s the most likely scenario for a nuclear war
Cimbala, 08
(Stephen J.-, March, Comparative Strategy, “Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia”, Vol. 27 #2, Informaworld)
The spread of …major interstate warfare. Indo-Pak War causes extinction
ThaiIndian News, 08
(ThaiIndian News, “India-Pakistan nuclear war would spell global calamity: study,” http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/india-pakistan-nuclear-war-would-spell-global-calamity-study_10035636.html)
A brief nuclear … polluting the food chain. Taiwan war escalates
Johnson, 02
(Chalmers; President Japan Policy Research Institute, Professor Emeritus U.C. San Diego) The Nation 5/14 l/n WBW
China is another … no deterrent effect. Advantage 2 is Nuclear Weapons Massive shortage of nuclear workers crushes our deterrent abilities, nuclear archeology fields and the nuclear power industry
Boston Globe, 10 “Alarm over shortage of nuclear experts” http://www-ners.engin.umich.edu/news_archive/20100625140822mlr
WASHINGTON — The United States is … of mass destruction. The plan draws in new workers to the nuclear industry
NYT, 10
(Steve Lohr, New York Times, “the New Jobs in Atomic Energy”, April 21, 2010; http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/business/energy-environment/22TECH.html?pagewanted=all)
In the Bay … Nuclear Energy Institute. Civil and military nuclear jobs are interchangeable
Royal Society, 11
(The Royal Society, “Fuel cycle stewardship in a nuclear renaissance’; October 2011; “2http:royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/projects/nuclear-non-proliferation/FuelCycleStewardshipNuclearRenaissance.pdf)
Anticipation of a … multilateral nuclear disarmament (FCO 2009). US nuclear deterrent prevents nuclear war—regional tensions escalate and people are significantly more trigger happy
Robinson, 01
Robinson, director of the Sandia National Laboratories, 2001 (Paul, “A White Paper: Pursuing a Nuclear Weapons Policy for the 21st Century”, http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/Nuclear-Weapons-Policy-21stC.htm)
Additionally, throughout the … and peaceful world. Rebuilding our nuclear deterrent is key to making us the nuclear superpower again—that checks proliferation
Bengelsdorf et al, 07
(HAROLD BENGELSDORF, currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, held numerous senior positions in the U.S. government, including the Energy Department and its predecessor agencies, the State Department, and the U.S. Mission to the IAEA, served as the director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs, involved in the negotiation of numerous bilateral and multilateral nuclear and nonproliferation agreements, including the development of full-scope IAEA safeguards (INFCIRC/153) to implement the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and FRED MCGOLDRICK, currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, previous U.S. State Department official, where he negotiated peaceful nuclear cooperation agreements with China, the European Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, Argentina and Brazil, also served as Minister Counselor in the U.S. Mission to the IAEA. and MICHAEL SCHWARTZ is a Principal with the Washington, D.C. based consulting firm of Energy Resources International, Inc., “The U.S. Domestic Civil Nuclear Infrastructure And U.S. Nonproliferation Policy”, a white paper presented by the American Council on Global Nuclear Power Competitiveness, may 2007, pdf) NL
Today due to its ... has supplied. New proliferation guarantees nuclear war
Kroenig, 12
Matthew, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University, and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, “The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future?,” Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182andtid=30
Nuclear War. The …devastating nuclear exchange. Advantage 3 is the economy Double-dip recession likely now
Anderson, 9/26
(Jeannine, Public Power Daily, "Double-dip recession still an issue, economist tells BandF Conference", 9/26, www.naylornetwork.com/app-ppd/articles/index-v2.asp?aid=191576andissueID=26854) NL
MEMPHIS, Tenn. – Even though the …great downturn," he said. Absent action the economy will collapse
Glassman, 7/31
(James K, founding executive director of the George W. Bush Institute, host and moderater of “Ideas in Action,” a weekly television series on public policy issues, ex-president of the Atlantic Monthly magazine, publisher of the New Republic magazine, executive vice president of U.S. News and World Report, and editor and co-owner of Roll Call, the Congressional newspaper, graduated from Harvard (where I was managing editor of The Crimson), Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs under President George W. Bush, and before that, as chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, written three books on investing, and my articles on finance, economics, and foreign policy have appeared in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, Kiplinger’s Personal Finance, Forbes, among others and currently sits on the Investor Advisory Committee of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, "Let's Be Clear, The U.S. Economy Is Just Awful", 7/31, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesglassman/2012/07/31/lets-be-clear-the-u-s-economy-is-just-awful/) NL
This is the … a practical goal. Nuclear Energy Solves— A) Jobs-- New Nuclear Power Plants Create up to 500,000 jobs
Weaver, 09
(Lynn Edward, Lynn Edward Weaver is President Emeritus of Florida Institute of Technology, http://www.theledger.com/article/20090128/COLUMNISTS/901280304?p=2andtc=pg)
Is there any …our energy needs. Job growth key to the economy
AP, 11
(AP, 9-2, 11, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Employers-add-no-net-jobs-in-apf-4252098583.html?x=0andsec=topStoriesandpos=mainandasset=andccode= DOA: 9/2/11)
Analysts say the … has to give." B) Cost stability—nuclear prices don’t fluctuate greatly and is reliable
Whitman, 07
(Christine Todd, former governor of New Jersey, was administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from 2001 to 2003, “The Case in Favor of Nuclear Power”, 9/12, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20730356) NL
Enter nuclear energy. … today were licensed. Low, stable prices are key to the economy
EEI, 08
(Edison Electric Institute, “Electricity and the U.S. Economy”; http://www.getenergyactive.org/value/economy.htm)
The U.S. economy … price of electricity. C) Innovation—that’s key to the economy
Traven, 06
Michael, J.D., Capital University Law School, RESTRICTING INNOVATION: HOW RESTRICTIVEU.S. VISA POLICIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO DEPLETE OUR INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, Capital University Law Review 34 Cap. U.L. Rev. 693, summer, lexis
Introduction B. Impact … the foreseeable future. Economic decline leads to miscalc and war
Royal, 10
Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ‘10
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is …deserves more attention. Contention 2 is Solvency-- Loan guarantees spur the development of nuclear power— A) They lower interest rates and startup costs
Byron et al, 07
(Barbara Bryon, senior nuclear policy advisor at the Energy Commission, Lorraine White, program manager, and B. B. Blevins, Executive Director, “Nuclear Power in California: 2007 Status Report”, October, pdf) NL
Loan Guarantee Program … yellow to red” (Energy Commission 2007f, p.281). B) They lower the average cost of running the plant
NEI, 09
(Nuclear Energy Institute, NEI is governed by a 49-member board of directors. The board includes representatives from the nation's 26 nuclear utilities, plant designers, architect/engineering firms and fuel cycle companies. Eighteen members of the board serve on the executive committee, which is responsible for NEI's business and policy affairs; President and Chief Executive Officer Energy Future Holdings Corporaiton Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, John F. Young is president and chief executive officer of Energy Future Holdings Corporation, a Dallas-based energy holding company with a portfolio of competitive and regulated energy subsidiaries primarily in Texas, including TXU Energy, Luminant and Oncor. Before joining EFH, Young was Exelon's executive vice president of finance and markets, responsible for Exelon's entire financial organization including the controller, treasury, planning, investor relations, corporate development, risk management, tax, audit and controls functions, and Exelon's trading and marketing organization, the Power Team. Young's previous leadership responsibilities at Exelon included the role of president of Exelon Generation, where he managed the company’s nuclear, fossil and hydro operations. In both of these leadership roles, Young oversaw the power trading and marketing operations of Exelon's Power Team. The Power Team was responsible for portfolio optimization, fuels management, wholesale marketing and Exelon Energy, the corporation's unregulated retail energy marketing entity in the Midwest. Young joined Exelon Power in March 2003 as chief operating officer and was named president of the operating unit in May 2003. Young joined Exelon from Sierra Pacific Resources Corporation, where he was senior vice president with responsibilities for the operation of the company's fossil and hydro facilities. From 1983 until 2000, Young rose through the ranks at Southern Company, then America's largest electric utility. His last position at Southern Company was executive vice president of Southern Generation, the largest wholesale energy provider in the Southeast. Young joined Southern after serving five years in the Navy, including a tour as engineering officer of the guided missile cruiser USS Ticonderoga; President and Chief Executive Officer Exelon Corporation Vice Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, Christopher M. Crane is president and chief executive officer of Chicago-based Exelon Corporation, the nation’s number one competitive energy provider. He oversees a family of companies representing every stage of the energy value chain, with more than 35,000 megawatts of owned generating capacity and 6.6 million electric and natural gas customers in Illinois, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Crane previously served as president and chief operating officer of Exelon Corporation. In that role, he oversaw one of the U.S. industry’s largest portfolios of electric generating capacity, with a multi-regional reach and the nation’s largest fleet of nuclear power plants. He directed a broad range of business including major acquisitions, transmission strategy, cost management initiatives, oversight of major capital programs, generation asset optimization and generation development. Crane is an acknowledged leader in the electric utility and nuclear industries. He is a member of the executive committee of the Edison Electric Institute and the board of directors of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, the industry organization promoting the highest levels of safety and reliability in nuclear plant operation. He is Vice Chairman of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the nation’s nuclear industry trade association, where he has also served as chairman of the New Plant Oversight Committee and as a member of the Nuclear Strategic Issues Advisory Committee, the Nuclear Fuel Supply Committee and the Materials Initiative Group. He is Vice Chairman of the World Nuclear Association, promoting the peaceful worldwide use of nuclear energy. Crane studied at New Hampshire Technical College, and attended Harvard Business School’s Advanced Management Program. He previously held a senior reactor operator certification.,Marv Fertel is president and chief executive officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute. He has 35 years of experience consulting for electric utilities on issues related to designing, siting, licensing and managing both fossil and nuclear plants. He has worked in executive positions with such organizations as Ebasco, Management Analysis Company and Tenera. In November 1990, he joined the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness as vice president of Technical Programs. With the formation of NEI in 1994, he became NEI’s vice president of Nuclear Economics and Fuel Supply. Mr. Fertel was named senior vice president and chief nuclear officer in 2003. In that role, he was responsible for leading NEI’s programs related to ensuring an effective and safety-focused regulatory process. He directed industrywide efforts to ensure adequate security is provided at nuclear power plants and to address generic technical issues related to commercial nuclear facilities. He also led NEI’s activities related to the long-term management of used nuclear fuel, including achieving success in the U.S. government’s program for the storage and ultimate disposal of used nuclear fuel. ..March 2011, http://inst.nuc.berkeley.edu/NE104/Final_Myths%20%20Facts_030711.pdf) NL
Loan Guarantee Program …and reducing emissions. The only problem now with the program is the lack of start-up capital—the plan ensures that affordable loans are sufficient
Ben-Moshe et al, 09
(Sony Ben-Moshe, Finance Department of the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins, an alternative energy consultant firm, Jason J Crowell, research associate, Kelley Michael Gale, Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups, Breton A. Peace, PHd from the University of Michigan, Brett P Rosenblatt, Managing Partner of the San Diego office and ex-head of the San Diego office's Finance Department, and Kelly D. Thomason, attorney in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP, “Financing The Nuclear Renaissance: The Benefits and Potential Pitfalls of Federal and State Government Subsidies and The Future of Nuclear Power in California”, In the Energy Law Journal, Volume 30 Number 2, 2009, pdf) NL
The size of the … not receive loan guarantees.106 The federal government is key—insecurities about the creation of plants means the private sector won’t do the plan
Parker and Holt, 07
(Larry Parker and Mark Holt, specialists in energy policy for the Congressional Research Service, in “Nuclear Power: Outlook for New US Reactors”, a Congressional Research Service report for Congress, 3/9/07, pdf) NL
Because it is … September 2006 testimony.25 Federal loan guarantees are key to plant production in deregulated states
Frye, 08
(Roland M Frye Jr, Mr. Frye has practiced in the field of federal energy regulation for thirty-one years, in both the public and private sectors, and has served for the last sixteen years as the Senior Attorney in the Office of Commission Appellate Adjudication of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), “The Current ‘Nuclear Renaissance in the United States, its underlying reasons and its potential pitfalls”, Energy Law Journal Volume 29 No 2, 2008, pdf) NL
By contrast, power … for longer periods than that. Risk of meltdown in New Reactor is once in a million years
NEI, 11
(Nuclear Energy Institute, NEI is governed by a 49-member board of directors. The board includes representatives from the nation's 26 nuclear utilities, plant designers, architect/engineering firms and fuel cycle companies. Eighteen members of the board serve on the executive committee, which is responsible for NEI's business and policy affairs; President and Chief Executive Officer Energy Future Holdings Corporaiton Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, John F. Young is president and chief executive officer of Energy Future Holdings Corporation, a Dallas-based energy holding company with a portfolio of competitive and regulated energy subsidiaries primarily in Texas, including TXU Energy, Luminant and Oncor. Before joining EFH, Young was Exelon's executive vice president of finance and markets, responsible for Exelon's entire financial organization including the controller, treasury, planning, investor relations, corporate development, risk management, tax, audit and controls functions, and Exelon's trading and marketing organization, the Power Team. Young's previous leadership responsibilities at Exelon included the role of president of Exelon Generation, where he managed the company’s nuclear, fossil and hydro operations. In both of these leadership roles, Young oversaw the power trading and marketing operations of Exelon's Power Team. The Power Team was responsible for portfolio optimization, fuels management, wholesale marketing and Exelon Energy, the corporation's unregulated retail energy marketing entity in the Midwest. Young joined Exelon Power in March 2003 as chief operating officer and was named president of the operating unit in May 2003. Young joined Exelon from Sierra Pacific Resources Corporation, where he was senior vice president with responsibilities for the operation of the company's fossil and hydro facilities. From 1983 until 2000, Young rose through the ranks at Southern Company, then America's largest electric utility. His last position at Southern Company was executive vice president of Southern Generation, the largest wholesale energy provider in the Southeast. Young joined Southern after serving five years in the Navy, including a tour as engineering officer of the guided missile cruiser USS Ticonderoga; President and Chief Executive Officer Exelon Corporation Vice Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, Christopher M. Crane is president and chief executive officer of Chicago-based Exelon Corporation, the nation’s number one competitive energy provider. He oversees a family of companies representing every stage of the energy value chain, with more than 35,000 megawatts of owned generating capacity and 6.6 million electric and natural gas customers in Illinois, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Crane previously served as president and chief operating officer of Exelon Corporation. In that role, he oversaw one of the U.S. industry’s largest portfolios of electric generating capacity, with a multi-regional reach and the nation’s largest fleet of nuclear power plants. He directed a broad range of business including major acquisitions, transmission strategy, cost management initiatives, oversight of major capital programs, generation asset optimization and generation development. Crane is an acknowledged leader in the electric utility and nuclear industries. He is a member of the executive committee of the Edison Electric Institute and the board of directors of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, the industry organization promoting the highest levels of safety and reliability in nuclear plant operation. He is Vice Chairman of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the nation’s nuclear industry trade association, where he has also served as chairman of the New Plant Oversight Committee and as a member of the Nuclear Strategic Issues Advisory Committee, the Nuclear Fuel Supply Committee and the Materials Initiative Group. He is Vice Chairman of the World Nuclear Association, promoting the peaceful worldwide use of nuclear energy. Crane studied at New Hampshire Technical College, and attended Harvard Business School’s Advanced Management Program. He previously held a senior reactor operator certification.,Marv Fertel is president and chief executive officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute. He has 35 years of experience consulting for electric utilities on issues related to designing, siting, licensing and managing both fossil and nuclear plants. He has worked in executive positions with such organizations as Ebasco, Management Analysis Company and Tenera. In November 1990, he joined the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness as vice president of Technical Programs. With the formation of NEI in 1994, he became NEI’s vice president of Nuclear Economics and Fuel Supply. Mr. Fertel was named senior vice president and chief nuclear officer in 2003. In that role, he was responsible for leading NEI’s programs related to ensuring an effective and safety-focused regulatory process. He directed industrywide efforts to ensure adequate security is provided at nuclear power plants and to address generic technical issues related to commercial nuclear facilities. He also led NEI’s activities related to the long-term management of used nuclear fuel, including achieving success in the U.S. government’s program for the storage and ultimate disposal of used nuclear fuel. ..March 2011, http://inst.nuc.berkeley.edu/NE104/Final_Myths%20%20Facts_030711.pdf)
Fact: The probability of … preparedness to continue operations. Uranium supplies will last a long time and new technology solves
Fetter, 09
(Steve, dean of the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy, "How long will the world's uranium supplies last?", January 26, www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-long-will-global-uranium-deposits-last)
If the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) … the NEA-estimated supplies. The NRC decision doesn’t actually change the status of permits—any change would be long and delayed
Forbes 8/11
(James Conca, Forbes.com, 8/11/12 http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/08/11/nuclear-waste-confidence-nrc-ruling-no-big-deal/)
There has been … less expensive energy alternatives. Can’t use nuclear waste for weapons
Rhodes and Beller, 2k
(Richard Rhodes, author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb, Dark Sun, and other books and Denis Beller, nuclear engineer and Technical Staff Member at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, “The Need for Nuclear Power: Viewpoint on the World’s Challenging Energy Future”, 2000, pdf) NL
Although power-reactor …nonthreatening nuclear waste. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: - The uranium supply is practically limitless—anyone who says otherwise is an anti-nuclear hack
Hopf, 04
(James Hopf, Nuclear Engineer, “World Uranium Reserves”, November 2004, http://www.americanenergyindependence.com/uranium.aspx) NL
In summary, the … few more decades.
2. Not for a long time and we can develop tech to solve
Boomen, 09
(Merel van dan Boomen, University of Amsterdam RP: Political Economy of Energy International School for Humanities and Social Science, “Nuclear Energy in a Changing World of Energy Security and Global Warming”, June 2009, pdf) NL
The future scarcity … end of this century. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Nuclear war outweighs ontology—it’s a prerequisite to examination—to say otherwise condones total destruction of the biosphere and links to the human-centrism they attempt to avoid.
Maccauley 96 (David Macauley, Minding Nature: The philosophers of ecology, 1996 p. 74) We may approach … in nuclear war! Permutation do both—Heidegger is not anti-technology—we should utilize technology in the quest to understand it
Cariño, 09
Jovito, Mentor College of Architecture University of Santo Tomas. Philippiniana Sacra Vol. 44 Issue 132, p491-504, 14p, “Heidegger and the Danger of Modern Technology”, 2009, SM, accessed: 6/29/11
The benefits of … remain unknown to us. The Heg K—the negative’s K of American policy is dangerous—it contributes to the collapse of US primacy
Kagan, 98
(Robert, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and PhD in American History from American U, “The Benevolent Empire,” Foreign Policy. Summer, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=275 shree)
Those contributing to …next American humbling. Results in wars around globe
Rosen, 03
(Stephen Peter Rosen, Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security and Military Affairs at Harvard University, The National Interest. “An Empire, if You Can Keep It.” March 22. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-99377575.html shree)
Rather than wrestle … are that much more attractive. Vote affirmative to align yourself with American dominance—the unwavering rhetoric of support is critical to preserving international stability.
Kristol and Kagan, 96
(William Kristol – visiting professor in government at Harvard University and Robert Kagan – senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and PhD in American History, “Toward a Neo-Reganite Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs. July/August, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=276 shree)
TWENTY YEARS later, … and moral confidence. Even if they’re right in the abstract, given past mistakes, anti-management now results in mass extinction
Soule 95 - (Michael E., Professor and Chair of Environmental Studies, UC-Santa Cruz, REINVITING NATURE? RESPONSES TO POSTMODERN DECONSTRUCTION, Eds: Michael E. Soule and Gary Lease, p. 159-160) Should We Actively … for ethical guidance? Managerialism is inevitable—human existence necessarily transforms the environment. Our choice is not whether to intervene, but how
Barry 99 (John, Politics Lecturer at Keele University, RETHINKING GREEN POLITICS: NATURE, VIRTUE AND PROGRESS, p. 101-102) In Chapter 3, …or be more or less sustainable. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Federal loan guarantees are key to plant production in deregulated states
Frye, 08
(Roland M Frye Jr, Mr. Frye has practiced in the field of federal energy regulation for thirty-one years, in both the public and private sectors, and has served for the last sixteen years as the Senior Attorney in the Office of Commission Appellate Adjudication of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), “The Current ‘Nuclear Renaissance in the United States, its underlying reasons and its potential pitfalls”, Energy Law Journal Volume 29 No 2, 2008, pdf) NL
By contrast, power …periods than that. Federal loan guarantees carry the highest credit rating and therefore a low interest rate—that’s key
Kaplan, 08
(Stan Kaplan, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy for the Congressional Research Office, “Power Plants: Characteristics and Costs”, in a Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, 11/13/08, pdf) NL
Loan Guarantees for …” without loan guarantees.37 Here are 10 states that can’t do the counterplan
Sauter, 12
(Michael, “Ten States that Cannot Pay their Bills”, January 11, http://247wallst.com/2012/01/11/ten-states-that-cannot-pay-their-bills/3/)
Balancing the budget … state employee salaries. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Previous fights non-unique your federalism disad for the nuclear industry and prove that it’s a federal issue not a state issue
Murphy, 09
(Patrick J, lawyer, “Gone Fission: Federal Preemption and the Resurgence of the Nuclear Industry (The One That Almost Got Away), Temple Law Review, Volume 82, 2009, pdf) NL
Preemption and the … without an opinion.81 Nonunique – Obama destroying federalism now—immigration proves
Edwards, 11
(James R., Center for Immigration Studies fellow, Legislative Director for House Immigration Subcommittee, Adjunct Fellow with Hudson Institute, Lincoln Fellow at Claremont Institute, doctorate from University of Tennessee, "Obama vs. States and Federalism," 10-10-11, cis.org/edwards/obama-vs-states-and-federalism SL)
The Obama administration … in black robes. Extinction comes before freedom
Ochs, 02
Founding chairman of the Students for a Democratic Society in 1964 at the University of Maryland
Richard, Free From Terror. "Biological Weapons Must Be Abolished immediately," http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.htm
Against this tendency … of all crimes. Democratic peace theory is wrong – either historically disproven or its so restrictive that it’s useless
Rosato, Professor of Political Science at Notre Dame, 11
(Sebastian, “On the democratic peace” in The Handbook on the Political Economy of War, p286-289, accessed via Google Books on 6-16-12 Bosley)
In this section … to the finding. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Electric cars are cost competitive by 2020
Green Transportation, 6/12
(“2012 McKinsey report says electric cars will be cost competitive by 2020”, July 16, http://greentransportation.info/2012-mckinsey-report-says-electric-cars-will-be-cost-competi)
In July 2012, …reductions by 2025. Peak Oil now
Perl, 10
Director of Urban Studies Program at Simon Fraser University (Anthony, “Integrating HSR into North America’s Next Mobility Transition,” June 16, 2010, p. 13016, http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/publications/RCWP_Perl.pdf)
Despite an ongoing … fuels derived from oil. Russian economic decline doesn’t cause war
Mankoff, 10
Mankoff, adjunct fellow for Russia studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, 2010
(Jeffrey, Associate Director of International Security Studies at Yale, March, “Internal and External Impact of Russia's Economic Crisis” http://www.policypointers.org/Page/View/10962)
The crisis will …reforms remains uncertain. Russian economy resilient and domestic demand prevents the impact
Ivanov, 10
Ph.D. from the Institute of Hardness and Material Science Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
(Youri, Summer 2010 “Career Guide Russia” http://nases.org.uk/files/minisites/2745/career%20guide%20russia.pdf)
Since the 1990s, … worldwide crisis subsides. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
The risk of our causal internal links being true outweighs the risk of them not being true—vote aff on the risk of us solving something
Garrett 12 – BA from Stanford, PhD from Brandeis University, rom Director of Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council (Banning, “In Search of Sand Piles and Butterflies”, http://www.acus.org/disruptive_change/search-sand-piles-and-butterflies shree)
“Disruptive change” that … would otherwise miss.” Predictions based off of models are accurate – they’re based on similar past events
Chow 2 – Professor of Political Economics at Cornell, MIT, Columbia University, and Princeton, and Former Manager of Economic Research at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center (Gregory, “On the Predictability of Economic Events”, July 1 of 2002, http://www.princeton.edu/~gchow/AcadSin.pdf)
Methods Of Prediction … use of mathematics. History proves China threat is real and they think of us as a threat even if we don’t—they think in realist terms
Vickers 2 (Melana Zyla Vickers a senior fellow at the Independent Women's Forum in Washington, D.C., a former member of the USA TODAY editorial board and a columnist for TechCentralStation.com. 8-14-02 http://capmag.com/article.asp?ID=1800 shree)
Washington cocktail-party … draw a different one. The Alternative justifies apathy towards atrocities – voting Aff is key to ethics
Ketels 96
Violet. Prof of English @ Temple. “Havel to the Castle!” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol 548, No 1. Nov 1996JFS
Intellectuals can choose … some among us. The impact is extinction
Ketels 96
Violet. Prof of English @ Temple. “Havel to the Castle!” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol 548, No 1. Nov 1996JFS Characteristically, Havel raises lo…to the castle." Embracing the criticism is merely hiding behind intellectuality; rather than being freeing to the individual, it robs us of our humanity and conscience.
KETELS – 96
Violet B. – prof English Temple, former director Intellectual Heritage Program – 548 Annals 45 (lexis)
We stand benumbed … antidote to evil." n16 Perm: Endorse the 1NC. Severance is good—Your author concludes that the task of
radical, fatal theory is to eschew subjective notions like answerability and responsibility which are the worst form of self-servitude. Substantive and theory arguments to the contrary rely on a notion of being responsible for our argumentation that they would indict as messianism and the strategy of the subject—that’s a double turn because they moralize against moralization
Baudrillard 93 (Jean, Prof of Phil at EGS, The Transparency of Evil, p 165shree) We live in a … unheard of servitude. View their claims with suspicion—it’s just a narcissistic way to avoid getting their hands dirty in politics
Donahue 1 (Brian, Department of English, Gonzaga University, “Marxism, Postmodernism, Žižek,” Postmodern Culture,12.2, Project Museshree). According to Žižek, …flow of images, Nuclear war outweighs ontology
Maccauley 96 (David Macauley, Minding Nature: The philosophers of ecology, 1996 p. 74) We may approach … extinction in nuclear war! 5. Permutation do both
Cariño, 09
Jovito, Mentor College of Architecture University of Santo Tomas. Philippiniana Sacra Vol. 44 Issue 132, p491-504, 14p, “Heidegger and the Danger of Modern Technology”, 2009, SM, accessed: 6/29/11
The benefits of …remain unknown to us. The alternative fails and guarantees authoritarianism
Thiele, 03
Professor of Political Science at the University of Florida
Leslie Paul, “The Ethics and Politics of Narrative,” Foucalt and Heidegger: Critical Encounters, editors – Rosenberg and Milchman
The pursuit of …and political authority. 8. Even if they’re right in the abstract, given past mistakes, anti-management now results in mass extinction
Soule 95 - (Michael E., Professor and Chair of Environmental Studies, UC-Santa Cruz, REINVITING NATURE? RESPONSES TO POSTMODERN DECONSTRUCTION, Eds: Michael E. Soule and Gary Lease, p. 159-160) Should We Actively …for ethical guidance? 9. Managerialism is inevitable—human existence necessarily transforms the environment. Our choice is not whether to intervene, but how
Barry 99 (John, Politics Lecturer at Keele University, RETHINKING GREEN POLITICS: NATURE, VIRTUE AND PROGRESS, p. 101-102) In Chapter 3, … or less sustainable. Nuclear energy is key to prevent warming—it emits no GHGs and eliminates 2.57 billion tons of CO2 per year
Colvin, 04
(Joe F, President and Chief Executive officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute, “Nuclear Energy: the Global Choice for the 21st Century”, 19th World Energy Congress, September 2004, pdf) NL
Nuclear power has … cars on the planet. No impact to the environment and no solvency
Doremus, Professor of Law at UC Davis, 2K
(Holly, "The Rhetoric and Reality of Nature Protection: Toward a New Discourse," Washington and Lee Law Review 57:1 Article 3, 1-1-00, http://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1311andcontext=wlulr, accessed 9-15-12 Bosley) Reluctant to concede … identifiable material costs.22 Orientalism Inevitable – too deeply imbedded in western thought
Rosen, 2000
Steven L. Rosen Faculty of Intercultural Communication Hiroshima Women's University Japan as Other:
Intercultural Communication, ISSN 1404-1634, 2000, November, issue 4. Orientalism and Cultural Conflict http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr4/rosen.htm
This paper argues …, investments and projections." ( Said 1993:90) 5. Western thought is good—it’s key to stimulating intellectual curiosities
Jones, 08
David Pryce-Jones is a senior editor at National Review January 2008 Enough Said A review of Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism by Ibn Warraq On Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism by Ibn Warraq. http://www.newcriterion.com/articles.cfm/enough-said-3743
As common sense … a dead-end. 6. Orientalism essentializes the west and relies on flawed ideology
Caschetta, 09
A.J. Caschetta lecturer in the English department at the Rochester Institute of Technology Middle East Quarterly Winter 2009, pp. 77-79 Defending the West A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism http://www.meforum.org/2069/defending-the-west
It is now five … portrayal of the West. 7. Permutation do the affirmative and all non-mutual parts of the alternative—we should rely on realism in order to challenge threats
Desch, 08
Desch, Michael C Professor and Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security Decision-Making and Director of the Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs at the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University.2008 “America's Liberal Illiberalism: The Ideological Origins of Overreaction in U.S. Foreign Policy” International Security 32.3. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v032/32.3desch.html
Changing America's Liberal …as do Liberals. The affirmative’s K of American policy is dangerous—it contributes to the collapse of US primacy
Kagan, 98
(Robert, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and PhD in American History from American U, “The Benevolent Empire,” Foreign Policy. Summer, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=275 shree)
Those contributing to … next American humbling. Ignore their hipster politics—the whining needs to end so we can face real threats
Hanson, 03
(Victor Davis, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Professor Emeritus at California University, Fresno, Ph.D. from Stanford, “We Could Still Lose.” National Review Online. August 11. http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3050721.html shree)
If one were to … as they pass away. Results in wars around globe
Rosen, 03
(Stephen Peter Rosen, Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security and Military Affairs at Harvard University, The National Interest. “An Empire, if You Can Keep It.” March 22. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-99377575.html shree)
Rather than wrestle … more attractive. Vote negative to align yourself with American dominance—the unwavering rhetoric of support is critical to preserving international stability.
Kristol and Kagan, 96
(William Kristol – visiting professor in government at Harvard University and Robert Kagan – senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and PhD in American History, “Toward a Neo-Reganite Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs. July/August, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=276 shree)
TWENTY YEARS later, … and moral confidence. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge:
1AC Plantext Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase the available funding for the nuclear loan guarantee program.
China Advantage 1 is China Russia, China, and India are massively developing their commercial nuclear infrastructures—absent the plan, US capabilities will be surpassed
Wallace and Williams, 4/17
(Michael, Michael Wallace comes to CSIS from Constellation Energy, where he served as vice chairman and COO. During his nine years at Constellation Energy, he led many company business activities, including the formation and operation of two joint ventures with EDF related to nuclear energy. Prior to joining Constellation Energy, he was cofounder and managing director of Barrington Energy Partners, LLC, a strategic consulting firm specializing in energy industry transactions and advisory services. Before joining Barrington Energy, he had more than 25 years of senior executive and utility operations experience. He holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Marquette University and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago, with a specialization in finance. He also served as a naval officer in the U.S. Navy nuclear submarine force. Mr. Wallace is a member of the National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC), which advises the president on matters related to homeland security. He is also a member of the Nuclear Sector Coordinating Council under the Department of Homeland Security’s National Infrastructure Protection Plan and a member of Business Executives for National Security (BENS), the Naval Historical Foundation Advisory Council, and the Marquette University College of Engineering National Advisory Council; Sarah, April 17, 2012; http://csis.org/publication/nuclear-energy-america-preventing-its-early-demise)
Meanwhile, China, India, Russia, and other countries are looking to significantly
AND
.S. nuclear industry and take action to prevent its early demise. Absent the plan, China will surpass the US as the hegemon in Asia
Cullinane, 11
(Scott, graduate student at the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C, “America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy “, September 28, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=articleandcatid=118%3Acontentandid=319%3Aamerica-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energyandtmpl=componentandprint=1andpage=andoption=com_contentandItemid=376) NL The American nuclear industry entered the 1960s in a strong position, yet over the
AND
which if proved successful, could potentially redefine the commercial nuclear energy trade. China’s rise challenges US regional hegemony which is key to preventing war in the region
Ward, 12
(Alex, Durham University, "Is the USA Still the Indispensible Power in East Asia?", March 23, www.e-ir.info/2012/03/23/is-the-usa-still-the-indispensible-power-in-east-asia/) NL
In November 2011, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced that the US was
AND
2008: 574), which eventually culminated in the 2007-2008 breakthroughs. Specifically, US regional influence is key to East Asian stability and preventing Japanese militarization, Indo-Pak nuclear war, and Taiwan nuclear war
Goh, 08
Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the Univ of Oxford (Evelyn, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, “Hierarchy and the role of the United States in the East Asian security order,” 2008 8(3):353-377, Oxford Journals Database, _) NL The centrality of these mutual processes of assurance and deference means that the stability of
AND
as a result of not doing so would appear to be much worse. Japanese militarization causes an Asian arms race
Richardson, 06
Richardson Presidential Management Fellow DOD ‘6 (Corey-, Sept. 9, “South Korea must choose sides”, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/HI09Dg02.html)
Japan must then consider its options in countering an openly nuclear, reunified Korea without
AND
it being able to do so at some crucial point in the future. That’s the most likely scenario for a nuclear war
Cimbala, 08
(Stephen J.-, March, Comparative Strategy, “Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia”, Vol. 27 #2, Informaworld)
The spread of nuclear weapons in Asia presents a complicated mosaic of possibilities in this
AND
could overturn these expectations for the obsolescence or marginalization of major interstate warfare. Indo-Pak War causes extinction
ThaiIndian News, 08
(ThaiIndian News, “India-Pakistan nuclear war would spell global calamity: study,” http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/india-pakistan-nuclear-war-would-spell-global-calamity-study_10035636.html)
A brief nuclear war between India and Pakistan would rip apart the ozone layer and
AND
organisms, on land and on ocean, thus polluting the food chain. Taiwan war escalates
Johnson, 02
(Chalmers; President Japan Policy Research Institute, Professor Emeritus U.C. San Diego) The Nation 5/14 l/n WBW
China is another matter. No sane figure in the Pentagon wants a war with
AND
forward-deployed US forces on China's borders have virtually no deterrent effect. US will continue to pursue hegemony inevitably—it’s only a question of whether those actions will be successful
Shalmon and Horowitz, 09 - Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group * assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania (Dan, Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC, Mike, assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar, Orbis, Spring)
It is important to recognize at the outset two key points about United States strategy
AND
/asymmetric threats are inevitable given America’s role in the global order.24
Nuclear Weapons Advantage 2 is Nuclear Weapons Massive shortage of nuclear weapons workers now crushes nuclear deterrent
Heritage 6/6
(Chris Gardner is a former writer for the Homeland Security NewsWire and freelance writer based in Washington, D.C. He is currently on staff at The Heritage Foundation.; June 6, 2012, http://jacecar.com/2012/06/deterioration-of-nuclear-infrastructure-undermines-u-s-security/)
Speaking to the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington, D.C., last
AND
though, is that beyond ’13 we don’t have a plan that closes.” The plan draws in new workers to the nuclear industry
NYT, 10
(Steve Lohr, New York Times, “the New Jobs in Atomic Energy”, April 21, 2010; http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/business/energy-environment/22TECH.html?pagewanted=all)
In the Bay City area of South Texas — and in growing numbers of community
AND
year, according to the most recent survey by the Nuclear Energy Institute. Civil and military nuclear jobs are interchangeable
Royal Society, 11
(The Royal Society, “Fuel cycle stewardship in a nuclear renaissance’; October 2011; “2http:royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/projects/nuclear-non-proliferation/FuelCycleStewardshipNuclearRenaissance.pdf)
Anticipation of a nuclear renaissance has renewed debates about the relationship between civil nuclear power
AND
context of the growing international support for multilateral nuclear disarmament (FCO 2009). US nuclear deterrent prevents nuclear war—regional tensions escalate and people are significantly more trigger happy
Robinson, 01
Robinson, director of the Sandia National Laboratories, 2001 (Paul, “A White Paper: Pursuing a Nuclear Weapons Policy for the 21st Century”, http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/Nuclear-Weapons-Policy-21stC.htm)
Additionally, throughout the Cold War and ever since, there has been a steady
AND
are necessary ingredients to help shape and maintain a stable and peaceful world. Economy Advantage 3 is the economy Double-dip recession likely now—we have to get above 4% growth rate to prevent a collapse
Anderson, 9/26
(Jeannine, Public Power Daily, "Double-dip recession still an issue, economist tells BandF Conference", 9/26, www.naylornetwork.com/app-ppd/articles/index-v2.asp?aid=191576andissueID=26854) NL
MEMPHIS, Tenn. – Even though the U.S. economy has been
AND
it was in 2007, prior to the great downturn," he said. Nuclear Energy Solves— A) Jobs-- New Nuclear Power Plants Create up to 500,000 jobs
Weaver, 09
(Lynn Edward, Lynn Edward Weaver is President Emeritus of Florida Institute of Technology, http://www.theledger.com/article/20090128/COLUMNISTS/901280304?p=2andtc=pg)
Is there any doubt that the construction of nuclear power plants would benefit our economy
AND
energy source that must play a major role in meeting our energy needs. Job growth key to the economy
AP, 11
(AP, 9-2, 11, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Employers-add-no-net-jobs-in-apf-4252098583.html?x=0andsec=topStoriesandpos=mainandasset=andccode= DOA: 9/2/11)
Analysts say the economy cannot continue to expand unless hiring picks up. In the
AND
O'Sullivan, chief economist at MF Global. "Something has to give." B) Cost stability—nuclear prices don’t fluctuate greatly and is reliable
Whitman, 07
(Christine Todd, former governor of New Jersey, was administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from 2001 to 2003, “The Case in Favor of Nuclear Power”, 9/12, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20730356) NL
Enter nuclear energy. Nuclear alone won't get us to where we need to be
AND
the one in place when the 104 nuclear facilities operating today were licensed. Low, stable prices are key to the economy
EEI, 08
(Edison Electric Institute, “Electricity and the U.S. Economy”; http://www.getenergyactive.org/value/economy.htm)
The U.S. economy is highly dependent on affordable and reliable electricity.
AND
electric technologies, population changes, and the relatively stable price of electricity. C) Innovation—that’s key to the economy
Traven, 06
Michael, J.D., Capital University Law School, RESTRICTING INNOVATION: HOW RESTRICTIVEU.S. VISA POLICIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO DEPLETE OUR INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, Capital University Law Review 34 Cap. U.L. Rev. 693, summer, lexis
Introduction B. Impact of Intellectual Capital and the Creative Class to the U.
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1999. n56 This trend is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. Economic decline leads to miscalc and war
Royal, 10
Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ‘10
Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. Solvency Contention 2 is solvency Loan guarantees spur the development of nuclear power— A) They lower interest rates and startup costs
Byron et al, 07
(Barbara Bryon, senior nuclear policy advisor at the Energy Commission, Lorraine White
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to yellow to red” (Energy Commission 2007f, p.281). B) They lower the average cost of running the plant
NEI, 09
(Nuclear Energy Institute, NEI is governed by a 49-member board of directors. The board includes representatives from the nation's 26 nuclear utilities, plant designers, architect/engineering firms and fuel cycle companies. Eighteen members of the board serve on the executive committee, which is responsible for NEI's business and policy affairs; President and Chief Executive Officer Energy Future Holdings Corporaiton Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, John F. Young is president and chief executive officer of Energy Future Holdings Corporation, a Dallas-based energy holding company with a portfolio of competitive and regulated energy subsidiaries primarily in Texas, including TXU Energy, Luminant and Oncor. Before joining EFH, Young was Exelon's executive vice president of finance and markets, responsible for Exelon's entire financial organization including the controller, treasury, planning, investor relations, corporate development, risk management, tax, audit and controls functions, and Exelon's trading and marketing organization, the Power Team. Young's previous leadership responsibilities at Exelon included the role of president of Exelon Generation, where he managed the company’s nuclear, fossil and hydro operations. In both of these leadership roles, Young oversaw the power trading and marketing operations of Exelon's Power Team. The Power Team was responsible for portfolio optimization, fuels management, wholesale marketing and Exelon Energy, the corporation's unregulated retail energy marketing entity in the Midwest. Young joined Exelon Power in March 2003 as chief operating officer and was named president of the operating unit in May 2003. Young joined Exelon from Sierra Pacific Resources Corporation, where he was senior vice president with responsibilities for the operation of the company's fossil and hydro facilities. From 1983 until 2000, Young rose through the ranks at Southern Company, then America's largest electric utility. His last position at Southern Company was executive vice president of Southern Generation, the largest wholesale energy provider in the Southeast. Young joined Southern after serving five years in the Navy, including a tour as engineering officer of the guided missile cruiser USS Ticonderoga; President and Chief Executive Officer Exelon Corporation Vice Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, Christopher M. Crane is president and chief executive officer of Chicago-based Exelon Corporation, the nation’s number one competitive energy provider. He oversees a family of companies representing every stage of the energy value chain, with more than 35,000 megawatts of owned generating capacity and 6.6 million electric and natural gas customers in Illinois, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Crane previously served as president and chief operating officer of Exelon Corporation. In that role, he oversaw one of the U.S. industry’s largest portfolios of electric generating capacity, with a multi-regional reach and the nation’s largest fleet of nuclear power plants. He directed a broad range of business including major acquisitions, transmission strategy, cost management initiatives, oversight of major capital programs, generation asset optimization and generation development. Crane is an acknowledged leader in the electric utility and nuclear industries. He is a member of the executive committee of the Edison Electric Institute and the board of directors of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, the industry organization promoting the highest levels of safety and reliability in nuclear plant operation. He is Vice Chairman of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the nation’s nuclear industry trade association, where he has also served as chairman of the New Plant Oversight Committee and as a member of the Nuclear Strategic Issues Advisory Committee, the Nuclear Fuel Supply Committee and the Materials Initiative Group. He is Vice Chairman of the World Nuclear Association, promoting the peaceful worldwide use of nuclear energy. Crane studied at New Hampshire Technical College, and attended Harvard Business School’s Advanced Management Program. He previously held a senior reactor operator certification.,Marv Fertel is president and chief executive officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute. He has 35 years of experience consulting for electric utilities on issues related to designing, siting, licensing and managing both fossil and nuclear plants. He has worked in executive positions with such organizations as Ebasco, Management Analysis Company and Tenera. In November 1990, he joined the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness as vice president of Technical Programs. With the formation of NEI in 1994, he became NEI’s vice president of Nuclear Economics and Fuel Supply. Mr. Fertel was named senior vice president and chief nuclear officer in 2003. In that role, he was responsible for leading NEI’s programs related to ensuring an effective and safety-focused regulatory process. He directed industrywide efforts to ensure adequate security is provided at nuclear power plants and to address generic technical issues related to commercial nuclear facilities. He also led NEI’s activities related to the long-term management of used nuclear fuel, including achieving success in the U.S. government’s program for the storage and ultimate disposal of used nuclear fuel. ..March 2011, http://inst.nuc.berkeley.edu/NE104/Final_Myths%20%20Facts_030711.pdf) NL
Loan Guarantee Program To support financing of new nuclear plants, the most useful federal
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will create significant value by increasing the country’s energy supply and reducing emissions. The only problem now with the program is the lack of start-up capital—the plan ensures that affordable loans are sufficient
Ben-Moshe et al, 09
(Sony Ben-Moshe, Finance Department of the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins, an alternative energy consultant firm, Jason J Crowell, research associate, Kelley Michael Gale, Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups, Breton A. Peace, PHd from the University of Michigan, Brett P Rosenblatt, Managing Partner of the San Diego office and ex-head of the San Diego office's Finance Department, and Kelly D. Thomason, attorney in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP, “Financing The Nuclear Renaissance: The Benefits and Potential Pitfalls of Federal and State Government Subsidies and The Future of Nuclear Power in California”, In the Energy Law Journal, Volume 30 Number 2, 2009, pdf) NL
The size of the loan guarantee program appears to be insufficient to spark the kind
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‖ is not sounded for developers who do not receive loan guarantees.106 Federal loan guarantees are key to plant production in deregulated states
Frye, 08
(Roland M Frye Jr, Mr. Frye has practiced in the field of federal energy regulation for thirty-one years, in both the public and private sectors, and has served for the last sixteen years as the Senior Attorney in the Office of Commission Appellate Adjudication of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), “The Current ‘Nuclear Renaissance in the United States, its underlying reasons and its potential pitfalls”, Energy Law Journal Volume 29 No 2, 2008, pdf) NL
By contrast, power generators in deregulated states (e.g., Maryland and
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. Banks want guarantees of income flow for longer periods than that. The federal government is key—insecurities about the creation of plants means the private sector won’t do the plan
Parker and Holt, 07
(Larry Parker and Mark Holt, specialists in energy policy for the Congressional Research Service, in “Nuclear Power: Outlook for New US Reactors”, a Congressional Research Service report for Congress, 3/9/07, pdf) NL
Because it is generally believed that Wall Street continues to view new commercial reactors as
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plant financing,” the Nuclear Energy Institute contended in September 2006 testimony.25 Risk of meltdown in New Reactor is once in a million years
NEI, 11
(Nuclear Energy Institute, NEI is governed by a 49-member board of
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each must maintain high levels of performance and emergency preparedness to continue operations. Uranium supplies will last a long time and new technology solves
Fetter, 09
(Steve, dean of the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy, "How long will the world's uranium supplies last?", January 26, www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-long-will-global-uranium-deposits-last)
If the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has accurately estimated the planet's economically accessible
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output for 30,000 years using only the NEA-estimated supplies. The NRC decision doesn’t actually change the status of permits—any change would be long and delayed
Forbes 8/11
(James Conca, Forbes.com, 8/11/12 http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/08/11/nuclear-waste-confidence-nrc-ruling-no-big-deal/)
There has been some fist-bumping this week in the anti-nuclear sector
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, plagued with runaway costs and competition with far less expensive energy alternatives. Can’t use nuclear waste for weapons
Rhodes and Beller, 2k
(Richard Rhodes, author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb, Dark Sun, and other books and Denis Beller, nuclear engineer and Technical Staff Member at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, “The Need for Nuclear Power: Viewpoint on the World’s Challenging Energy Future”, 2000, pdf) NL
Although power-reactor plutonium theoretically can be used to make nuclear explosives, spent
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breaking it down into shorter-lived, nonfissionable, nonthreatening nuclear waste. The application process is rigorous—loans won’t regularly default
Morgan, 10
(Jason Morgan, corporate finance and accounting professional, US Government Loan Guarantees for New Nuclear Construction May 21, 2010, http://nuclearfissionary.com/2010/05/21/us-government-loan-guarantees-for-new-nuclear-construction/) NL
Financial Conditions for Appropriation of a Loan Guarantee No loan guarantees can be made to
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borrower may be paid until the government receives payment for the guaranteed loan. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: - Conditionality is a voter--
A) Education—depth is more important than breadth—debate is unique in that we can learn significant amounts about the topic which conditionality destroys
B) Ground—we have to make contradictory arguments in order to answer their positions which they can cross apply to other positions means it’s impossible for us to win
2. Doesn’t solve case—
A) Social stigma-- federal loan guarantees prove that nuclear energy has returns—states can’t do that—that’s Mark and Holt
B) Deregulated states—only federal loan guarantees ensure plant production in states like Maryland and Texas because there is no guarantee of cost recovery or fixed profits—that’s Frye
C) Doesn’t solve the heg advantage—federal action is key
D) Federal loan guarantees carry the highest credit rating and therefore a low interest rate—that’s key
Kaplan, 08
(Stan Kaplan, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy for the Congressional Research Office, “Power Plants: Characteristics and Costs”, in a Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, 11/13/08, pdf) NL
Loan Guarantees for Nuclear and Other Carbon-Control Technologies.33 Under final Department
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constructing new nuclear plants would be “impossible” without loan guarantees.37 3. Permutation the 50 states should repeal all state-level restrictions on the use of nuclear power and the federal government should provide loan guarantees for nuclear power 4. Permutation—the federal government funds the plan and the states implement it 5. Here are 10 states that can’t do the counterplan
Sauter, 12
(Michael, “Ten States that Cannot Pay their Bills”, January 11, http://247wallst.com/2012/01/11/ten-states-that-cannot-pay-their-bills/3/)
Balancing the budget is not just a federal problem, but a state one as
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Medicaid coverage for adults and reduce financial aid funding and state employee salaries. 6. Multiactor fiat is a voter—
A. Utopian fiat—the 50 states will never act in unison which is a voter for fairness because it justifies them fiating that anything happens
B. Conditional multiactor fiat is uniquely bad because they could kick out of any one of their actors and still advocate another—we’d have to get offense against all of their actors which is net worse for education because it has to be generic Repeal doesn’t solve |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: - Case outweighs—economic collapse happens faster than their impact
2. Republicans won’t cooperate on fiscal cliff
Bouie, 11/8
(Jamelle, Washington Post, "Mitch McConnell is already back to obstruction at all costs", 11/8, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/post/mitch-mcconnell-is-already-back-to-obstruction-at-all-costs/2012/11/08/37a05f00-29cf-11e2-96b6-8e6a7524553f_blog.html) NL
Negotiations about the “fiscal cliff” are set to begin soon, and Mitch
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that restored balance to Washington after two years of one-party control.” 3. Cybersecurity thumps
Starks, 11/8
(Tim, CQ News, "Cybersecurity Bill Among Senate’s First Order of Business", 11/8, cdn1.cq.com/emailed/_kYcLa-aoOAECe8grbRghw-XLSk/news-4173510.html) NL
Cybersecurity legislation is slated as one of the likely first bills the Senate will take
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bill (S 3523) sponsored by Jon Tester, D-Mont. 4. No link—we don’t require Congressional action or spend any money
Scott, 10
(Michael Scott, former senior advisor at the Department of Treasury and partner and managing director at Miller Buckfire Co as well as head of the firm’s U.S. Government Advisory practice, 4-20-2010, "Statement of Michael D. Scott" Testimony before the Subcommittee on Domestic Policy of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform in the House of Representatives, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg65123/pdf/CHRG-111hhrg65123.pdf)
The President and Congress have a very powerful policy tool in Title XVII that is
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Government is fully compensated for as measured by the Federal Credit Reform Act. 5. Even if you buy plan action links, we’re popular
Wang, 12
(Pamir Wang, works in Congressman Mike Honda’s Office. She previously coordinated conferences and research at The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center and has served as a Political Science Research Assistant at the University of California, San Diego and as an investigative intern at the San Diego County Public Defender’s office, “Federal Clean Energy Loan Guarantees: Their Moral Hazards”, March 2012, pdf) NL
Finally, loan guarantees for commercial energy projects are popular with Congress and the Executive
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able to skirt political blame years later when or if the project defaults. 6. New Nuclear Plants have bipartisan support
CNN, 10
(2/16/2010; http://articles.cnn.com/2010-02-16/politics/obama.jobs_1_nuclear-reactors-nuclear-power-new-reactors?_s=PM:POLITICS)
"This is only the beginning," Obama said during a visit to an International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers training facility in Lanham, Maryland. "We'll continue to provide financing for clean energy projects ... across America."
The president acknowledged that construction of new nuclear facilities will meet with some political resistance
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facility is safe, reliable, emissions-free and environmentally responsible." 7. Nuclear loan guarantees are still unopposed by congress
Nancy Folbre March 26th 2012 (economics professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst) http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/26/the-nurture-of-nuclear-power/
Remember the brouhaha about $563 million in Obama administration loan guarantees to Solyndra,
AND a “proven industry that has been successful and has established a record.” 8. No link—plan doesn’t mandate that Obama uses his political capital for passage 9. No threshold for a link—there is no explanation of how much other focus is enough of a distraction 10. Winners Win— A) Policy success spills-over
Marshall, Associate Professor of Political Science at Miami University, and Prins, Professor of Political Science at the University of Tennessee, 2011
(Bryan W., Ph.D. from Michigan State, and Brandon C., Ph.D. from Michigan State and Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, “Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force,” Presidential Studies Quarterly 41:3 (September) 2011Bosley) Presidents rely heavily on Congress in converting their political capital into real policy success.
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made with an eye toward managing political capital at home (Fordham 2002). B) Diplomatic Capital solves back
Friedman, 10
(Thomas L., writer for the ny times Everybody Loves a Winner http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/21/opinion/21friedman.html April 20)
In politics and diplomacy, success breeds authority and authority breeds more success. No
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though, at least increases the odds of us building a stronger country. - Non-intrinsic—a logical policy maker can pass the plan and the bill
12. Obama’s focused on acting without Congress
Landler, 11
(Mark, Washington Post, "Obama to Turn Up Attacks on Congress in Campaign", 12/31, www.nytimes.com/2012/01/01/us/politics/obama-to-focus-on-congress-and-economy-in-2012-campaign.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0) NL
After three years in office, Mr. Obama is gambling on a go-
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was a “make-or-break moment for the middle class.” 13. Fiat solves the link—it’d trigger no political fighting 14. Fiscal cliff won’t cost pol cap
Yardeni, 11/6
(“The Fiscal Cliff Might Be The Easiest Problem Obama Has To Deal With” http://blog.yardeni.com/2012/11/global-economy.html#ixzz2BbolOHc) sjg
President Barack Obama faces lots of issues around the world that pose significant risks to
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slow pace on balance, despite the recession in Europe. Let’s review: 15. Vote no triggers the link—this debate represents the bill being debated in Congress means Obama’s political capital has already been used 16. Journalists cannot predict political events
Marx, 10
(Greg Marx, Political Scientist, editor of the Columbia Journalism Review. “Embrace the Wonk” http://www.cjr.org/feature/embrace_the_wonk_1.php?page=2 June 10th, 2010)
While Bai’s tone verged on the scornful, most journalists aren’t looking to start a
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field produces what are, “from a journalistic perspective, unhelpful answers.” |
| 01/07/2013 | Tournament: Texas Two Step | Round: All | Opponent: | Judge:
1AC Plantext Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase the available funding for the nuclear loan guarantee program.
Advantage 1 Advantage 1 is China Russia, China, and India are massively developing their commercial nuclear infrastructures—absent the plan, US capabilities will be surpassed
Wallace and Williams, 4/17
(Michael, Michael Wallace comes to CSIS from Constellation Energy, where he served as vice chairman and COO. During his nine years at Constellation Energy, he led many company business activities, including the formation and operation of two joint ventures with EDF related to nuclear energy. Prior to joining Constellation Energy, he was cofounder and managing director of Barrington Energy Partners, LLC, a strategic consulting firm specializing in energy industry transactions and advisory services. Before joining Barrington Energy, he had more than 25 years of senior executive and utility operations experience. He holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Marquette University and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago, with a specialization in finance. He also served as a naval officer in the U.S. Navy nuclear submarine force. Mr. Wallace is a member of the National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC), which advises the president on matters related to homeland security. He is also a member of the Nuclear Sector Coordinating Council under the Department of Homeland Security’s National Infrastructure Protection Plan and a member of Business Executives for National Security (BENS), the Naval Historical Foundation Advisory Council, and the Marquette University College of Engineering National Advisory Council; Sarah, April 17, 2012; http://csis.org/publication/nuclear-energy-america-preventing-its-early-demise)
Meanwhile, China, India, … to prevent its early demise. Absent the plan, China will surpass the US as the hegemon in Asia
Cullinane, 11
(Scott, graduate student at the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C, “America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy “, September 28, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=articleandcatid=118%3Acontentandid=319%3Aamerica-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energyandtmpl=componentandprint=1andpage=andoption=com_contentandItemid=376) NL The American nuclear …nuclear energy trade. China’s rise challenges US regional heg- triggers war in the region
Ward, 12
(Alex, Durham University, "Is the USA Still the Indispensible Power in East Asia?", March 23, www.e-ir.info/2012/03/23/is-the-usa-still-the-indispensible-power-in-east-asia/) NL
In November 2011, US …2007-2008 breakthroughs. Specifically, US regional influence is key to East Asian stability and preventing Japanese militarization, Indo-Pak nuclear war, and Taiwan nuclear war
Goh, 08
Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the Univ of Oxford (Evelyn, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, “Hierarchy and the role of the United States in the East Asian security order,” 2008 8(3):353-377, Oxford Journals Database, _) NL The centrality of these mutual … doing so would appear to be much worse. Japanese militarization causes an Asian arms race
Richardson, 06
Richardson Presidential Management Fellow DOD ‘6 (Corey-, Sept. 9, “South Korea must choose sides”, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/HI09Dg02.html)
Japan must then consider … crucial point in the future. That’s the most likely scenario for a nuclear war
Cimbala, 08
(Stephen J.-, March, Comparative Strategy, “Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia”, Vol. 27 #2, Informaworld)
The spread of nuclear ... major interstate warfare. Indo-Pak War causes extinction
ThaiIndian News, 08
(ThaiIndian News, “India-Pakistan nuclear war would spell global calamity: study,” http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/india-pakistan-nuclear-war-would-spell-global-calamity-study_10035636.html)
A brief nuclear war …, thus polluting the food chain. Taiwan war escalates
Johnson, 02
(Chalmers; President Japan Policy Research Institute, Professor Emeritus U.C. San Diego) The Nation 5/14 l/n WBW
China is another matter. … no deterrent effect. US will continue to pursue hegemony inevitably—it’s only a question of whether those actions will be successful
Shalmon and Horowitz, 09 - Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group * assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania (Dan, Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC, Mike, assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar, Orbis, Spring)
It is important to recognize … given America’s role in the global order.24
Advantage 2 Advantage 2 is the economy The economy is growing but is still extremely weak—numerous holes make collapse likely
Madland, 1/4
(David, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress., "Job Growth Is Too Fragile for Additional Austerity", 1/4, www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2013/01/04/48983/job-growth-is-too-fragile-for-additional-austerity/) NL
As today’s jobs report … job growth slows to a crawl. Nuclear Energy Solves— A) Jobs-- New Nuclear Power Plants Create up to 500,000 jobs
Weaver, 09
(Lynn Edward, Lynn Edward Weaver is President Emeritus of Florida Institute of Technology, http://www.theledger.com/article/20090128/COLUMNISTS/901280304?p=2andtc=pg)
Is there any doubt …our energy needs. Job growth key to the economy
AP, 11
(AP, 9-2, 11, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Employers-add-no-net-jobs-in-apf-4252098583.html?x=0andsec=topStoriesandpos=mainandasset=andccode= DOA: 9/2/11)
Analysts say the … Something has to give." B) Cost stability—nuclear prices don’t fluctuate greatly and is reliable
Whitman, 07
(Christine Todd, former governor of New Jersey, was administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from 2001 to 2003, “The Case in Favor of Nuclear Power”, 9/12, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20730356) NL
Enter nuclear energy. … operating today were licensed. Low, stable prices are key to the economy
EEI, 08
(Edison Electric Institute, “Electricity and the U.S. Economy”; http://www.getenergyactive.org/value/economy.htm)
The U.S. economy …and the relatively stable price of electricity. C) Innovation—that’s key to the economy
Traven, 06
Michael, J.D., Capital University Law School, RESTRICTING INNOVATION: HOW RESTRICTIVEU.S. VISA POLICIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO DEPLETE OUR INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, Capital University Law Review 34 Cap. U.L. Rev. 693, summer, lexis
Introduction B. Impact of … to change in the foreseeable future. Economic decline causes war – multiple warrants and the best research flows aff
Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010
(Jedediah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p.213-215) JDB Less intuitive is how …ancillary to those views.
Advantage 3 Advantage 3 is asteroid mining Demand for REMs is massively increasing—the current world supply cannot keep up
Cho, 12
(Renee, writer at The Earth Institute at Columbia University and Phys.org, "Rare earth metals: Will we have enough?", 9/20, phys.org/news/2012-09-rare-earth-metals.html) NL
"To provide most of … metals in 2012 than it did in 2011. Even the risk of future scarcity drives conflict
Parthemore, 11
(Christine, fellow at the Center for American Security, "Elements of Security Mitigating the Risks of U.S. Dependence on Critical Minerals", June, www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Minerals_Parthemore_1.pdf) NL
The defense industrial base … contributing to U.S. vulnerability. 15 Specifically, the US and China will fight resource conflicts in Africa
Burgess, 11
(Stephen, professor at the Air War College and helped lead in the organization and execution of the Air Force Africa Command Symposium, "Analysis: The new USA-China scramble for Southern Africa", June 3, www.just-international.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=4523:analysis-the-new-usa-china-scramble-for-southern-africaandcatid=45:recent-articlesandItemid=123) NL
Windhoek - Southern Africa … participation in mining. Resource conflicts escalate
Lendman, 07
(Stephen, Global Research, “Resource Wars – Can We Survive Them?", June 6, www.globalresearch.ca/resource-wars-can-we-survive-them/5892) NL
The New “Great Game” and …, because we said so. Nuclear power key to resource mining in space
Campbell et al, 09
(Michael D. Campbell, P.G., P.H., serves as Managing Partner for the consulting firm, M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P. based in Houston, Texas. He is a graduate of The Ohio State University in Geology and Hydrogeology in 1966, and from Rice University in Geology and Geophysics in 1976, and was elected a Fellow in the Geological Society of America. He was a Founding Member in 1977 of the Energy Minerals Division of AAPG and presently serves as Chairman of the Uranium Committee and on other professional committees, including the AAPG’s newest, the Astrogeology Committee. Mr. Campbell was recently elected President-Elect (2010-2011) of EMD. Mr. Campbell developed a strong interest in the industrialization of space early in life and was then reinforced after serving in a business partnership for a number of years with the late Dr. Ted H. Foss, NASA’s Chief of the Geology and Geochemistry Branch of the Science Directorate during the 1960s, who trained many of the early astronauts for exploring the moon. Mr. Campbell has a strong professional history in corporate and technical management of projects within major international engineering and mining companies such as CONOCO Mining, Teton Exploration, Div. United Nuclear Corporation, Texas Eastern Nuclear, Inc., and Omega Energy Corporation in uranium projects during the 1970s and such as Law Engineering, The DuPont Company, and others in environmental projects from the 1980s to the present. Mr. Campbell has over 40 years of mining, minerals and environmental project experience. He has published three technical books on uranium and other natural resources, and numerous associated reports, technical papers, and presentations in the U.S. and overseas. He is well-known nationally and internationally for his work as a technical leader, senior program manager, consultant and lecturer in hydrogeology, mining and associated environmental and geotechnical fields, and is a Licensed Professional Geologist and Hydrogeologist in the States of Washington, Alaska, Wyoming, Texas and Mississippi, and is nationally certified as a Professional Geologist and Professional Hydrogeologist. He is also a long-time member of the AIPG and AEG and has served as the Chairman of the Internet Committees, Texas Section of AIPG and AEG and Co-Editor for both of the professional societies’ websites: http://www.aipg-tx.org and http://aeg-tx.org. For additional information, see his CV on his corporate website. 2 Jeffery D. King, P.G., serves as a Senior Program Manager for CandA and received his Bachelor's Degree in Geology from Western Washington University and has over 25 years of technical and managerial experience in the natural-resource field. Mr. King has extensive management experience, has managed the operations of a mining company, and large-scale re-development projects, has developed successful regulatory- and landowner-negotiation and public-relations programs; has conducted or directly managed all aspects of site permitting, and has been involved in the financial and technical evaluation of mining properties for a major mining company. He has also started, developed, and operated two successful companies. He is licensed as a Professional Geologist in the State of Washington. Between 1990 and 1998, Mr. King worked for the DuPont Company directing environmental projects in Washington, Oregon, Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. In 1998, Mr. King formed Pacific Environmental and Redevelopment Corporation to focus on large-scale projects involving the redevelopment of formerly contaminated properties. In completing these projects, Mr. King has developed or managed a team of professionals and associates with experience ranging from environmental sciences to master-planned community and golf-course construction. For additional information on Mr. King covering his training and professional experience, see his CV. Henry M. Wise, P.G., has more than 30 years of professional experience in geological, uranium exploration and development and environmental remediation. His experience includes the exploration and in-situ leach mining of roll-front uranium deposits in South Texas where he was responsible for the delineation and production at the Pawilk Mine for U.S. Steel. He also has substantial experience in ground-water remediation projects in Texas. Mr. Wise is a graduate of Boston University, with a Bachelor’s Degree in Geology, and obtained a Master’s Degree from the University of Texas at El Paso in Geology. He is a Licensed Professional Geologist in Texas. He was a Founding Member in 1977 of the Energy Minerals Division of AAPG and is a member of the Uranium Committee, and a CPG of AIPG. 4 Bruce Handley, P.G. serves as Senior Geological Consultant (CandA), received a Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees in Geology from University of Wisconsin. Mr. Handley has 20 years of professional experience, including oil and gas exploration and environmental consulting. Specialties relative to environmental and mining consulting include site characterization, health-based risk assessment, regulatory compliance issues, and litigation support. Project work accomplished includes compliance support for oil and gas exploration, refining, and pipeline operations. He has participated in a variety of field operations, including subsurface geologic and hydrogeologic investigations, safety audits, and emergency response actions. He is a member of the Uranium Committee of the Energy Minerals Division of AAPG. For additional information on Mr. Handley’s experience, see Curriculum Vitae. 5 M. David Campbell, P.G. is a Licensed Professional Geologist in Texas and holds a Bachelor's Degree in Geology from Texas AandM University. Mr. Campbell is the oldest son of the Senior Author and is a professional environmental hydrogeologist and mining geologist. With more than 15 years serving major environmental and engineering companies, he has considerable experience in managing field drilling and sampling operations employing a range of rig types and exploration functions. At present, he serves as a Senior Project Environmental Geologist for Environmental Resources Management (ERM), based in Houston, Texas. Previously, he has served in progressive professional positions with groups such as Delta Environmental Consultants, Carter and Burgess, Inc., and M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P. He travels extensively overseas and has lived in Sri Lanka and Australia in his early years. For additional information on his background and professional experience, see his Curriculum Vitae, “ The Role of Nuclear Power in Space Exploration and the Associated Environmental Issues: An Overview”, June 9, AAPG Energy Minerals Division, Uranium Committee Special Report of 2009 for the Astrology Committee, AAPG EMD Annual Meeting, pdf) NL
In the future, space NPSs …, 2002; and Ragnarsdottir, 2008. Asteroid mining solves resource shortages
Geere, 10
(Duncan, writer for Wired, "Making space exploration pay with asteroid mining", July 15, www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2010-07/15/asteroid-mining) NL
Asteroids happen to be … push down the market price. Just the perception of the plan prevents future resource conflicts
Collins and Autino, 08
(Patrick, Life and Environmental Science at Azabu University, and Adriano, president of the space renaissance international, "What the Growth of a Space Tourism Industry Could Contribute to Employment, Economic Growth, Environmental Protection, Education, Culture and World Peace", May 25, www.spacefuture.com/archive/what_the_growth_of_a_space_tourism_industry_could_contribute_to_employment_economic_growth_environmental_protection_education_culture_and_world_peace.shtml) NL
7. World peace and … use of space resources. Solvency Contention 2 is solvency Loan guarantees spur the development of nuclear power— A) They lower interest rates and startup costs
Byron et al, 07
(Barbara Bryon, senior nuclear policy advisor at the Energy Commission, Lorraine White, program manager, and B. B. Blevins, Executive Director, “Nuclear Power in California: 2007 Status Report”, October, pdf) NL
Loan Guarantee Program … Commission 2007f, p.281). B) They lower the average cost of running the plant
NEI, 09
(Nuclear Energy Institute, NEI is governed by a 49-member board of directors. The board includes representatives from the nation's 26 nuclear utilities, plant designers, architect/engineering firms and fuel cycle companies. Eighteen members of the board serve on the executive committee, which is responsible for NEI's business and policy affairs; President and Chief Executive Officer Energy Future Holdings Corporaiton Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, John F. Young is president and chief executive officer of Energy Future Holdings Corporation, a Dallas-based energy holding company with a portfolio of competitive and regulated energy subsidiaries primarily in Texas, including TXU Energy, Luminant and Oncor. Before joining EFH, Young was Exelon's executive vice president of finance and markets, responsible for Exelon's entire financial organization including the controller, treasury, planning, investor relations, corporate development, risk management, tax, audit and controls functions, and Exelon's trading and marketing organization, the Power Team. Young's previous leadership responsibilities at Exelon included the role of president of Exelon Generation, where he managed the company’s nuclear, fossil and hydro operations. In both of these leadership roles, Young oversaw the power trading and marketing operations of Exelon's Power Team. The Power Team was responsible for portfolio optimization, fuels management, wholesale marketing and Exelon Energy, the corporation's unregulated retail energy marketing entity in the Midwest. Young joined Exelon Power in March 2003 as chief operating officer and was named president of the operating unit in May 2003. Young joined Exelon from Sierra Pacific Resources Corporation, where he was senior vice president with responsibilities for the operation of the company's fossil and hydro facilities. From 1983 until 2000, Young rose through the ranks at Southern Company, then America's largest electric utility. His last position at Southern Company was executive vice president of Southern Generation, the largest wholesale energy provider in the Southeast. Young joined Southern after serving five years in the Navy, including a tour as engineering officer of the guided missile cruiser USS Ticonderoga; President and Chief Executive Officer Exelon Corporation Vice Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, Christopher M. Crane is president and chief executive officer of Chicago-based Exelon Corporation, the nation’s number one competitive energy provider. He oversees a family of companies representing every stage of the energy value chain, with more than 35,000 megawatts of owned generating capacity and 6.6 million electric and natural gas customers in Illinois, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Crane previously served as president and chief operating officer of Exelon Corporation. In that role, he oversaw one of the U.S. industry’s largest portfolios of electric generating capacity, with a multi-regional reach and the nation’s largest fleet of nuclear power plants. He directed a broad range of business including major acquisitions, transmission strategy, cost management initiatives, oversight of major capital programs, generation asset optimization and generation development. Crane is an acknowledged leader in the electric utility and nuclear industries. He is a member of the executive committee of the Edison Electric Institute and the board of directors of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, the industry organization promoting the highest levels of safety and reliability in nuclear plant operation. He is Vice Chairman of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the nation’s nuclear industry trade association, where he has also served as chairman of the New Plant Oversight Committee and as a member of the Nuclear Strategic Issues Advisory Committee, the Nuclear Fuel Supply Committee and the Materials Initiative Group. He is Vice Chairman of the World Nuclear Association, promoting the peaceful worldwide use of nuclear energy. Crane studied at New Hampshire Technical College, and attended Harvard Business School’s Advanced Management Program. He previously held a senior reactor operator certification.,Marv Fertel is president and chief executive officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute. He has 35 years of experience consulting for electric utilities on issues related to designing, siting, licensing and managing both fossil and nuclear plants. He has worked in executive positions with such organizations as Ebasco, Management Analysis Company and Tenera. In November 1990, he joined the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness as vice president of Technical Programs. With the formation of NEI in 1994, he became NEI’s vice president of Nuclear Economics and Fuel Supply. Mr. Fertel was named senior vice president and chief nuclear officer in 2003. In that role, he was responsible for leading NEI’s programs related to ensuring an effective and safety-focused regulatory process. He directed industrywide efforts to ensure adequate security is provided at nuclear power plants and to address generic technical issues related to commercial nuclear facilities. He also led NEI’s activities related to the long-term management of used nuclear fuel, including achieving success in the U.S. government’s program for the storage and ultimate disposal of used nuclear fuel. ..March 2011, http://inst.nuc.berkeley.edu/NE104/Final_Myths%20%20Facts_030711.pdf) NL
Loan Guarantee Program … and reducing emissions. The only problem now with the program is the lack of start-up capital—the plan ensures that affordable loans are sufficient
Ben-Moshe et al, 09
(Sony Ben-Moshe, Finance Department of the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins, an alternative energy consultant firm, Jason J Crowell, research associate, Kelley Michael Gale, Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups, Breton A. Peace, PHd from the University of Michigan, Brett P Rosenblatt, Managing Partner of the San Diego office and ex-head of the San Diego office's Finance Department, and Kelly D. Thomason, attorney in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP, “Financing The Nuclear Renaissance: The Benefits and Potential Pitfalls of Federal and State Government Subsidies and The Future of Nuclear Power in California”, In the Energy Law Journal, Volume 30 Number 2, 2009, pdf) NL
The size of the … receive loan guarantees.106 Federal loan guarantees are key to plant production in deregulated states
Frye, 08
(Roland M Frye Jr, Mr. Frye has practiced in the field of federal energy regulation for thirty-one years, in both the public and private sectors, and has served for the last sixteen years as the Senior Attorney in the Office of Commission Appellate Adjudication of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), “The Current ‘Nuclear Renaissance in the United States, its underlying reasons and its potential pitfalls”, Energy Law Journal Volume 29 No 2, 2008, pdf) NL
By contrast, power … longer periods than that. The federal government is key—insecurities about the creation of plants means the private sector won’t do the plan
Parker and Holt, 07
(Larry Parker and Mark Holt, specialists in energy policy for the Congressional Research Service, in “Nuclear Power: Outlook for New US Reactors”, a Congressional Research Service report for Congress, 3/9/07, pdf) NL
Because it is generally … September 2006 testimony.25 Risk of meltdown in New Reactor is once in a million years
NEI, 11
(Nuclear Energy Institute, NEI is governed by a 49-member board of directors. The board includes representatives from the nation's 26 nuclear utilities, plant designers, architect/engineering firms and fuel cycle companies. Eighteen members of the board serve on the executive committee, which is responsible for NEI's business and policy affairs; President and Chief Executive Officer Energy Future Holdings Corporaiton Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, John F. Young is president and chief executive officer of Energy Future Holdings Corporation, a Dallas-based energy holding company with a portfolio of competitive and regulated energy subsidiaries primarily in Texas, including TXU Energy, Luminant and Oncor. Before joining EFH, Young was Exelon's executive vice president of finance and markets, responsible for Exelon's entire financial organization including the controller, treasury, planning, investor relations, corporate development, risk management, tax, audit and controls functions, and Exelon's trading and marketing organization, the Power Team. Young's previous leadership responsibilities at Exelon included the role of president of Exelon Generation, where he managed the company’s nuclear, fossil and hydro operations. In both of these leadership roles, Young oversaw the power trading and marketing operations of Exelon's Power Team. The Power Team was responsible for portfolio optimization, fuels management, wholesale marketing and Exelon Energy, the corporation's unregulated retail energy marketing entity in the Midwest. Young joined Exelon Power in March 2003 as chief operating officer and was named president of the operating unit in May 2003. Young joined Exelon from Sierra Pacific Resources Corporation, where he was senior vice president with responsibilities for the operation of the company's fossil and hydro facilities. From 1983 until 2000, Young rose through the ranks at Southern Company, then America's largest electric utility. His last position at Southern Company was executive vice president of Southern Generation, the largest wholesale energy provider in the Southeast. Young joined Southern after serving five years in the Navy, including a tour as engineering officer of the guided missile cruiser USS Ticonderoga; President and Chief Executive Officer Exelon Corporation Vice Chairman, Nuclear Energy Institute, Christopher M. Crane is president and chief executive officer of Chicago-based Exelon Corporation, the nation’s number one competitive energy provider. He oversees a family of companies representing every stage of the energy value chain, with more than 35,000 megawatts of owned generating capacity and 6.6 million electric and natural gas customers in Illinois, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Crane previously served as president and chief operating officer of Exelon Corporation. In that role, he oversaw one of the U.S. industry’s largest portfolios of electric generating capacity, with a multi-regional reach and the nation’s largest fleet of nuclear power plants. He directed a broad range of business including major acquisitions, transmission strategy, cost management initiatives, oversight of major capital programs, generation asset optimization and generation development. Crane is an acknowledged leader in the electric utility and nuclear industries. He is a member of the executive committee of the Edison Electric Institute and the board of directors of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, the industry organization promoting the highest levels of safety and reliability in nuclear plant operation. He is Vice Chairman of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the nation’s nuclear industry trade association, where he has also served as chairman of the New Plant Oversight Committee and as a member of the Nuclear Strategic Issues Advisory Committee, the Nuclear Fuel Supply Committee and the Materials Initiative Group. He is Vice Chairman of the World Nuclear Association, promoting the peaceful worldwide use of nuclear energy. Crane studied at New Hampshire Technical College, and attended Harvard Business School’s Advanced Management Program. He previously held a senior reactor operator certification.,Marv Fertel is president and chief executive officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute. He has 35 years of experience consulting for electric utilities on issues related to designing, siting, licensing and managing both fossil and nuclear plants. He has worked in executive positions with such organizations as Ebasco, Management Analysis Company and Tenera. In November 1990, he joined the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness as vice president of Technical Programs. With the formation of NEI in 1994, he became NEI’s vice president of Nuclear Economics and Fuel Supply. Mr. Fertel was named senior vice president and chief nuclear officer in 2003. In that role, he was responsible for leading NEI’s programs related to ensuring an effective and safety-focused regulatory process. He directed industrywide efforts to ensure adequate security is provided at nuclear power plants and to address generic technical issues related to commercial nuclear facilities. He also led NEI’s activities related to the long-term management of used nuclear fuel, including achieving success in the U.S. government’s program for the storage and ultimate disposal of used nuclear fuel. ..March 2011, http://inst.nuc.berkeley.edu/NE104/Final_Myths%20%20Facts_030711.pdf)
Fact: The probability of … to continue operations. Uranium supplies will last a long time and new technology solves
Fetter, 09
(Steve, dean of the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy, "How long will the world's uranium supplies last?", January 26, www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-long-will-global-uranium-deposits-last)
If the Nuclear Energy …NEA-estimated supplies. The NRC decision doesn’t actually change the status of permits—any change would be long and delayed
Forbes 8/11
(James Conca, Forbes.com, 8/11/12 http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/08/11/nuclear-waste-confidence-nrc-ruling-no-big-deal/)
There has been … expensive energy alternatives. Can’t use nuclear waste for weapons
Rhodes and Beller, 2k
(Richard Rhodes, author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb, Dark Sun, and other books and Denis Beller, nuclear engineer and Technical Staff Member at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, “The Need for Nuclear Power: Viewpoint on the World’s Challenging Energy Future”, 2000, pdf) NL
Although power-reactor … nonthreatening nuclear waste. The application process is rigorous—loans won’t regularly default
Morgan, 10
(Jason Morgan, corporate finance and accounting professional, US Government Loan Guarantees for New Nuclear Construction May 21, 2010, http://nuclearfissionary.com/2010/05/21/us-government-loan-guarantees-for-new-nuclear-construction/) NL
Financial Conditions for … for the guaranteed loan. |
| 02/24/2013 | Tournament: Districts | Round: 5 | Opponent: GMU KL | Judge: Contention 1 is extinction A) Warming is inevitable Ayers, Professor of Environmental Science at Vanderbuilt, 11 (John C., The Sustainability Revolution: A scientific analysis of beneficial changes for societies, communities, and individuals, Ch6 “Global Climate Change,” 5-31-11, http:~/~/www.vanderbilt.edu/Sustainability/book/pdf(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri" %), accessed 5-15-12//Bosley) *Note – Tables and Figures Omitted We have reviewed what we … of associated uncertainties. Warming causes extinction ***Dr. Brandenberg, ’99, Physicist (Ph.D.) and Paxson a science writer ’99 – John and Monica, Dead Mars Dying Earth p. 232-3
The ozone hole expands, …a few hardy microbes surviving. B) Supervolcanoes are inevitable and cause extinction Turchin, 08 (Alexei, PhD in Physics, “Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century”, 2008, http:~/~/www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51url:http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51) NL Creation of an artificial supervolcano … are known now 20 supervolcanoes and 500 usual volcanoes C) Gamma ray bursts are inevitable and cause extinction Turchin, 08 (Alexei, PhD in Physics, “Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century”, 2008, http:~/~/www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51url:http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51) NL Gamma ray bursts are intensive … sterilised by gamma ray bursts.) D) Asteroids will hit the earth and cause extinction Easterbrook, 08 Gregg, American writer, lecturer, and a senior editor of The New Republic June 2008, Atlantic Magazine, “ The Sky Is Falling,” http:~/~/www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/06/the-sky-is-falling/6807url:http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/06/the-sky-is-falling/6807 Breakthrough ideas have a … is riding on the plane.” E) Verneshots are inevitable and cause extinction Radowitz, 04 (John Von, Science Correspondent for the Independent, ""Verneshot" cause of dinosaurs exctinction", 5/21/04, meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Other/verneshot_cause_of_dinosuars.htm#.UKwUXIfAeSo) NL The dinosaurs might not have … impact – could also be formed. Thus the plan: The National Aeronautics and Space Association should create and fully fund a prize to demonstrate a nuclear powered propulsion booster. Contention 2 is impact framing Extinction is inevitable—try or die to get off the rock Austen, 11 (Ben Austen, writer for POPSCI, “After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet”, 3/16/2011, http:~/~/www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet) NL Earth won’t always be fit for … live off the Earth than on it.” Even if the direct impacts don’t cause extinction, their aftereffects will Turchin, 08 (Alexei, PhD in Physics, “Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century”, 2008, http:~/~/www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51url:http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51) NL Threats of smaller catastrophes: …. of a survival of such groups. Existential risks outweigh Bostrom, 03 (Nick, professor at Oxford University, "Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development", 2003, www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/html) NL II. THE OPPORTUNITY COST …Minimize existential risk!”. You should default to solving long term problems—focus on short term issues steal extinction level focus and prevents effective risk mitigation Tonn, 04 (Bruce, Program Leader, ISSE Environmental Sustainability; Professor, UT's Department of Political Science; Director, UT's Urban and Regional Planning Program; Senior Researcher, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ph.D., Urban and Regional Planning, Northwestern University; M.S., City and Regional Planning, Graduate School of Design and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; B.S., Civil Engineering, Stanford University, "Integrated 1000-year planning", 2004, longnow.org/media/djlongnow_media/press/pdf/0200402-Tonn-Integrated1000yearplanning.pdf) NL Why tackle 1000 years and not … to by surviving written comments from Roman emperors. Deterrence and rationality prevent nuclear war Tepperman, 09 (Jonathon, Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs for the Council on Foreign Relations and Former deputy editor of Newsweek International and director at EurasiaGroup, "Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb", Aug 28, www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/html) NL A growing and compelling body of … leaders all came to the same safe conclusion. Interdependence and nationalism prevent major wars Deudney and Ikenberry, 09 (John and G. John, Deudney is a political scientist and Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University and Ikenberry is a theorist of international relations and United States foreign policy, and a professor of Politics and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, "The Myth of the Autocratic Revival", January-February 2009, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63721/daniel-deudney-and-g-john-ikenberry/com/articles/63721/daniel-deudney-and-g-john-ikenberry/the-myth-of-the-autocratic-revival) NL This bleak outlook is based on an … autocratic revivalists acknowledge. Space col solves war—redirects out competitive natures towards space Stephens, 03 Rex, Quantum Theorist, “The Preparation”, http://www.thepreparation.net/Chap6.html The colonization of space would … (backward and unproductive) business. Even if it happened, a nuclear war would immediately be de-escalated Quinin, 97 Michael, Under Secretary of the State for Defense, Thinking about Nuclear Weapons, 31 There are good reasons for fearing …; the rationality required is plain and basic. No nuclear winter—your authors are hacks who cherrypicked results based on false data—all environmental effects would be fixed within 3 months Slade, 11 (Stuart, senior aerospace and defense analyst at a US-based defense think tank, “Nuclear Winter is Bunk”, April 26, http:~/~/warreview.blogspot.com/2011/04/html) NL Bunk is a pretty fair description (… so that things tend to the "median" situation." Contention 3 is solvency NPP is key to getting to Mars—cuts the travel time in half Whittington, 12 (Mark, writer for Yahoo, "NASA Looks to Fission Power for the Future of Space Exploration", Feb 7, news.yahoo.com/nasa-looks-fission-power-future-space-exploration-232200487.html) NL According to an article in Nature,http://www.nature.com/news/fission-power-back-on-nasa-s-agenda-1.9978(% class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial" %) fission … which use the decay of plutonium to power space probes to the Outer Planets. Nuclear power is key to Mars colonization Kazan, 10 (Casey, writer for The Daily Galaxy, "The 39-Day "Red Planet" Special! -Does New Propulsion Technology Make It Possible?", Feb 26, www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2010/02/-html) NL
Former U.S. astronaut Franklin Chang-Diaz … the spacecraft to protect against radiation. Prizes are key—they get the private sector involved and guarantee success Zubrin, 12 (Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, “The Mars Prize”, February 1, http:~/~/www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin#http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin#) NL In the context of current realities, … of a government bureaucracy. Prizes solve best—they represent a paradigm shift that gets the private sector on board Carberry et al, 10 (C.A., Executive Director of Explore Mars Inc, Artemis Westenberg, president of Explore Mars Inc, and Blake Ortner, Project leader of the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge, in The Journal of Cosmology, Vol 12, "The Mars Prize and Private Missions to the Red Planet", October 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars139.html) NL 2. The Mars Prize The Mars Prize … to that is demonstrating that we can send rovers successfully to the Moon" (Montague 2010). The private sector is key—government action alone fails Jain, 11 (Naveen, Founder of Moon Express and writer for Huffington Post, "Our Sputnik Moment: US Entrepreneurs Needed for the "Space Race"" 4/20 www.huffingtonpost.com/naveen-jain/our-sputnik-moment-us-ent_b_851312.html) NL To re-launch our space program, … the Moon, a whole new world. Combining government incentives and private action is best Carberry et al, 10 (C.A., Executive Director of Explore Mars Inc, Artemis Westenberg, president of Explore Mars Inc, and Blake Ortner, Project leader of the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge, in The Journal of Cosmology, Vol 12, "The Mars Prize and Private Missions to the Red Planet", October 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars139.html) NL If the United States is going to lead … in exploration should be considered a vital goal of United States space policy. All of your solvency take-outs are wrong—Mars colonization is possible now Zubrin, 10 (Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "Human Mars Exploration: The Time Is Now", Oct-Nov 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars111.html) NL 4. Killing the Dragons Opponents of … a 10 km/hr breeze on Earth. The Viking landers endured many such events without damage. Colonies on Mars can thrive Collins, 08 (David, Lecturer, The City Law School, City University, London, UK. B.A.Hon., J.D.(Toronto), M.Sc., B.C.L. (Oxford), "EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF REAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE PLANET MARS", 4/25, www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/scitech/volume142/Documents/pdf) NL Serious interest in Mars will continue to … spans of colonists or beyond. The tech is available now Suici, 12 (Peter, TechNewsWorld, "Nuclear Power Could Blast Humans Into Deep Space", 11/28, www.technewsworld.com/story/76699.html) NL A team of researchers, including …," he added. "So, the human race may pay a major price for self-inflicted ignorance. We can start colonizing by 2016 Zubrin, 11 (Robert, PhD in Nuclear Engineering, "How We Can Fly to Mars in This Decade – And on the Cheap", 5/14, www.marssociety.org/home/press/tms-in-the-news/howwecanflytomarsinthisdecade–andonthecheapurl:http://www.marssociety.org/home/press/tms-in-the-news/howwecanflytomarsinthisdecade%E2%80%93andonthecheap) NL What is required, however, is a … explorers on the Red Planet by 2016. No radiation risk and no impact Flatow and Zubrin, 11 (Ira, host of NPR Radio, and Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "Is Settling Mars Inevitable, Or An Impossibility?", July 1, www.npr.org/2011/07/01/137555244/org/2011/07/01/137555244/is-settling-mars-inevitable-or-an-impossibility) NL ZUBRIN: That's actually false. … effects at all. |
| 02/24/2013 | Tournament: Districts | Round: | Opponent: GMU KL | Judge: Demonstration is topical MIS, 11 (Management Information Services, "60 Years of Energy Incentives Analysis of Federal Expendituresfor Energy Development", october, www.misi-net.com/publications/pdf) NL III. Types B2 of Federal … of incentives are provided below. RandD is topical US Energy Information Administration, 01 (Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http:~/~/tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) NL Over the years, incentives and … revenue by the Government. |
| 02/24/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Try-or-Die—Extinction precedes all impacts Paterson 3 Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http:~/~/com/(% style="font-size:8.0pt" %) //shree Contrary to those accounts, I would … very source and condition of all human possibility.82 6. The US is Key FALCONI 01, Oscar: BS degree in Physics from M.I.T. “THE CASE FOR SPACE COLONIZATION - NOW!” http://www.nutri.com/space/ The United States is in a good … construct a space colony - but will we, will anyone, do it in time ? Russia fails—the program is hasty and has too many budgetary issues Simberg, 11 (Rand, Popular Mechanics, "Why Russia’s Mars Failure Is Bad News for NASA Read more: Why Russia’s Mars Failure Is Bad News for NASA - Phobos-Grunt - Popular Mechanics", Dec 7, www.popularmechanics.com/science/space/news/com/science/space/news/why-russias-mars-failure-is-bad-news-for-nasa) NL Russia’s would-be Mars mission … invested in the flight ended up wasted.
New observations prove—there’s water on Mars Huffington Post, 12 "Water On Mars? Dark Streaks On Red Planet Stem From Briny Flows, Research Suggests", 10/24, www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/24/water-mars-dark-streaks-briny-flows_n_2009902.html) NL The tantalizing seasonal … in an upcoming issue of the journal Geophysical Research Letters. Diseases are inevitable on earth Falconi 01, Oscar: BS degree in Physics from M.I.T. “THE CASE FOR SPACE COLONIZATION - NOW!” http://www.nutri.com/space/ About 30,000,000 persons … of creating his own monumental disasters in a way never before possible." * edited for gender-biased language Medical innovations prevent the impact Marcal et al, 10 (Helder, PhD, Australian Center for Astrobiology, Brendan P Burns, PhD, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, and Elizabeth Blaber, PhD, The University of New South Wales, "A Human Mission to Mars: A Bioastronautics Analysis of Biomedical Risks", October-November, journalofcosmology.com/Mars140.html) NL Studies on animals have shown that either … astronaut human body systems. |
| 02/24/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Green banks fail—costs are too high Galbraith, 09 (Kate, New York Times, "Are Green Banks a Good Idea?", Jul 16, green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/are-green-banks-a-good-idea/) NL But is green banking a sensible … buildings, have been stalled during the downturn. Green banks link to politics – they require federal funding (your author) Berlin et al 12 State Clean Energy, Finance Banks: New Investment Facilities for Clean Energy Deployment, Ken Berlin, Reed Hundt, Mark Muro, and Devashree Saha, September 2012 http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/9/12%20state%20energy%20investment%20muro/12%20state%20energy%20investment%20muro.pdf In each case, clean energy and … would work are provided in Section III. Green banks fail – the CP can’t fiat setting up the banks AND they won’t have any money (your author) Berlin et al 12 State Clean Energy, Finance Banks: New Investment Facilities for Clean Energy Deployment, Ken Berlin, Reed Hundt, Mark Muro, and Devashree Saha, September 2012 http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/9/12%20state%20energy%20investment%20muro/12%20state%20energy%20investment%20muro.pdf State budget constraints are also severe. …f a strong state cleantech industry States will cheat and dodge any uniform energy policy – business interests Graham ’98 (Mary, Brookings Institute, “Environmental Protection and the States: ""Race to the Bottom"" or ""Race to the Bottom Line""?” Winter, http:~/~/www.brookings.edu/research/articles/1998/12/edu/research/articles/1998/12/winter-environment-graham, TGA) To call attention to these changes is not to deny … that affect farms and housing developments as well as forests and meadows. |
| 02/24/2013 | Tournament: Districts | Round: 5 | Opponent: GMU LK | Judge: Electric cars are cost competitive by 2020 Green Transportation, 6/12 (“2012 McKinsey report says electric cars will be cost competitive by 2020”, July 16, http://greentransportation.info/2012-mckinsey-report-says-electric-cars-will-be-cost-competi) In July 2012, McKinsey and Company … percent by 2020–25. This represents 40-45% of the projected cost reductions by 2025. Their evidence is media hype Attard, 12 (Carl, writer for Suite101, "Oil Decline – Preparing For The Inevitable", Mar 30, suite101.com/article/oil-decline--preparing-for-the-inevitable-a362396) NL The Slippery Slope of Oil com/article/the-slippery-slope-of-oil-decline~-~--part-one-a361228(%%) …. Now that you’re aware, you owe it to yourself and your loved ones to seek it. No impact to failed states Finel, Senior Fellow at the American Security Project, 2009 (Dr. Bernard I., also contributing editor of the Atlantic Council, “Afghanistan is Irrelevant” 4/27/09, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/afghanistan-irrelevant, accessed 6/23/11//Bosley) It is now a deeply entrenched conventional … as it was in the case of Communist expansion. |
| 02/24/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: GMU KL | Judge: Your link is non-unique—Congress just approved a bill supporting human space exploration ST, 1/4 (Space Travel Staff Writers, "Congress Approves Bill Supporting Human Space Exploration", 1/4, www.space-travel.com/reports/Congress_Approves_Bill_Supporting_Human_Space_Exploration_999.html) NL The House of Representatives has … Reps. Kevin McCarthy (R-CA), and Adam Schiff (D-CA). Mars colonization and space are bipartisan Foust, 1/10 (Jeff, aerospace analyst, journalist and publisher. He is the editor and publisher of The Space Review and has written for Astronomy Now and The New Atlantis, "A tale of two congresspeople", 1/10, www.spacepolitics.com/2013/01/10/a-tale-of-two-congresspeople/http://www.spacepolitics.com/2013/01/10/a-tale-of-two-congresspeople/) NL On Wednesday evening, the American Astronomical … be enthusiastic about funding for space exploration.” America COMPETES Act means we don’t go through Congress or require Obama backing Kalil and Sturm, 10 (Tom, Deputy Director for Policy in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Robynn Sturm is Advisor for Open Innovation to the Deputy Director, "Congress Grants Broad Prize Authority to All Federal Agencies", Dec 21, www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/12/21/gov/blog/2010/12/21/congress-grants-broad-prize-authority-all-federal-agencies) NL The America COMPETES Act … and find the full text of the final bill Brass-Lepp Aff Aff can be spun as part of a 10-year survey solves the link CARROLL 11 Rebecca, Nextgov.com -- provides coverage and commentary on the management of information technology in the federal government, “As Nasa prepares to retire its final shuttle, agency leaders face an uncertain future” National Journal June 2 -- lexis Launius argues that 10-year surveys can … the second such report. The US economy is resilient Zakaria, Editor of Newsweek International, 2009 (Fareed, “The Secrets of Stability,” 12/11/09, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/12/11/the-secrets-of-stability.html) One year ago, the world seemed as if it … reinforcing the other and each historical in nature. |
| 02/24/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Human extinction outweighs—our species is the most important thing Schell, 82 (Jonathan, Professor at Wesleyan University, The Fate of the Earth, pages 136-137) Implicit in everything that I have said so far about the … moods with its presence throughout our lives. Humans are the source of all value and existence Savage, 94 Marshall Savage, Founder of the Living Universe Foundation, 1994, The Millenial Project, p 267 Prophets of doom are currently in fashion. Some of these Cassandras strike me as being decidedly anti-human. A few of them seem to think the world – even the universe – might … the deep. I believe that humans are good, and that more humans are better. 7. Turn—the kritik is an even worse form of anthropocentrism—it ignores any positive relationship with the environment in favor of dichotomies that are uniquely worse Fox, 05 Assistant Professor of Political Science Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences Friends University Dr. Russell, In Medias Res, “The Real Anthropocentrism,” http://inmedias.blogspot.com/2005/11/real-anthropocentrism.html In the end, I think the attempt to purge the human, … conserved truly "natural." 9. Their argument is naïve—ethics should be grounded in direct experience, pain and consciousness should be our guidelines—otherwise they equate the human genocide with crumpling up leaves Phelps 9 (Norm, animal rights activist and author of The Longest Struggle: Animal Advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA, “The Quest for a Boundless Ethic: A Reassessment of Albert Schweitzer” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, VII.1) Here, Schweitzer makes no distinction … ethic based on love and compassion by trying to reach beyond it. |
| 02/24/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Mars prize key to aerospace industry Zubrin, 12 (Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, “The Mars Prize”, February 1, http:~/~/www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin#http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin#) NL There are other advantages to this … space and launch-system hardware much cheaper. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Ayers, Professor of Environmental Science at Vanderbilt, 11
(John C., The Sustainability Revolution: A scientific analysis of beneficial changes for societies, communities, and individuals, Ch6 "Global Climate Change," 5-31-11, http:~/~/www.vanderbilt.edu/Sustainability/book/pdf(-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.vanderbilt.edu%2FSustainability%2Fbook%2FS1C6/pdf%28?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri" %), accessed 5-15-12Bosley) *Note – Tables and Figures Omitted
We have reviewed what we … of associated uncertainties.
*Dr. Brandenberg, ’99, Physicist (Ph.D.) and Paxson a science writer ’99 – John and Monica, Dead Mars Dying Earth p. 232-3
The ozone hole expands, …a few hardy microbes surviving.
B) Supervolcanoes are inevitable and cause extinctionTurchin, 08 (Alexei, PhD in Physics, "Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century", 2008, http:~/~/www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~%23outer_page_51url:http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~~%23outer_page_51)-http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century- NL
Creation of an artificial supervolcano … are known now 20 supervolcanoes and 500 usual volcanoes
C) Gamma ray bursts are inevitable and cause extinctionTurchin, 08 (Alexei, PhD in Physics, "Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century", 2008, http:~/~/www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~%23outer_page_51url:http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~~%23outer_page_51)-http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century- NL
Gamma ray bursts are intensive … sterilised by gamma ray bursts.)
D) Asteroids will hit the earth and cause extinctionEasterbrook, 08 Gregg, American writer, lecturer, and a senior editor of The New Republic June 2008, Atlantic Magazine, " The Sky Is Falling," http:~/~/www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/06/the-sky-is-falling/6807url:http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/06/the-sky-is-falling/6807-http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/06/the-sky-is-falling/6807
Breakthrough ideas have a … is riding on the plane."
E) Verneshots are inevitable and cause extinctionRadowitz, 04 (John Von, Science Correspondent for the Independent, ""Verneshot" cause of dinosaurs exctinction", 5/21/04, meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Other/verneshot_cause_of_dinosuars.htm~%23.UKwUXIfAeSo) NL
The dinosaurs might not have … impact – could also be formed. Thus the plan: The National Aeronautics and Space Association should create and fully fund a prize to demonstrate a nuclear powered propulsion booster in the United States. Austen, 11 (Ben Austen, writer for POPSCI, "After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet", 3/16/2011, http:~/~/www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.popsci/com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2F2011-02%2Fafter-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
Earth won’t always be fit for … live off the Earth than on it."
Turchin, 08 (Alexei, PhD in Physics, "Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century", 2008, http:~/~/www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~%23outer_page_51url:http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~~%23outer_page_51)-http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century- NL
Threats of smaller catastrophes: …. of a survival of such groups.
Bostrom, 03 (Nick, professor at Oxford University, "Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development", 2003, www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/html)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.nickbostrom.com%2Fastronomical%2Fwaste/html%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
II. THE OPPORTUNITY COST …Minimize existential risk%21".
You should default to solving long term problems—focus on short term issues steal extinction level focus and prevents effective risk mitigationTonn, 04 (Bruce, Program Leader, ISSE Environmental Sustainability; Professor, UT’s Department of Political Science; Director, UT’s Urban and Regional Planning Program; Senior Researcher, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ph.D., Urban and Regional Planning, Northwestern University; M.S., City and Regional Planning, Graduate School of Design and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; B.S., Civil Engineering, Stanford University, "Integrated 1000-year planning", 2004, longnow.org/media/djlongnow_media/press/pdf/0200402-Tonn-Integrated1000yearplanning.pdf) NL
Why tackle 1000 years and not … to by surviving written comments from Roman emperors.
Deterrence and rationality prevent nuclear warTepperman, 09 (Jonathon, Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs for the Council on Foreign Relations and Former deputy editor of Newsweek International and director at EurasiaGroup, "Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb", Aug 28, www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/html)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fnewsweek%2F2009%2F08%2F28%2Fwhy-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb/html%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
A growing and compelling body of … leaders all came to the same safe conclusion.
Interdependence and nationalism prevent major warsDeudney and Ikenberry, 09 (John and G. John, Deudney is a political scientist and Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University and Ikenberry is a theorist of international relations and United States foreign policy, and a professor of Politics and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, "The Myth of the Autocratic Revival", January-February 2009, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63721/daniel-deudney-and-g-john-ikenberry/com/articles/63721/daniel-deudney-and-g-john-ikenberry/the-myth-of-the-autocratic-revival)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs/com%2Farticles%2F63721%2Fdaniel-deudney-and-g-john-ikenberry%2Fthe-myth-of-the-autocratic-revival%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
This bleak outlook is based on an … autocratic revivalists acknowledge.
Stephens, 03 Rex, Quantum Theorist, "The Preparation", http://www.thepreparation.net/Chap6.html
The colonization of space would … (backward and unproductive) business.
Quinin, 97 Michael, Under Secretary of the State for Defense, Thinking about Nuclear Weapons, 31
There are good reasons for fearing …; the rationality required is plain and basic.
Slade, 11 (Stuart, senior aerospace and defense analyst at a US-based defense think tank, "Nuclear Winter is Bunk", April 26, http:~/~/warreview.blogspot.com/2011/04/html)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwarreview.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F04%2Fnuclear-winter-is-bunk/html%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
Bunk is a pretty fair description (… so that things tend to the "median" situation."
Whittington, 12 (Mark, writer for Yahoo, "NASA Looks to Fission Power for the Future of Space Exploration", Feb 7, news.yahoo.com/nasa-looks-fission-power-future-space-exploration-232200487.html) NL
According to an article in Nature,http://www.nature.com/news/fission-power-back-on-nasa-s-agenda-1.9978-http://www.nature.com/news/fission-power-back-on-nasa-s-agenda-1.9978%28 fission … which use the decay of plutonium to power space probes to the Outer Planets.
Kazan, 10
(Casey, writer for The Daily Galaxy, "The 39-Day "Red Planet" Special%21 -Does New Propulsion Technology Make It Possible?", Feb 26, www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2010/02/-html)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.dailygalaxy.com%2Fmy_weblog%2F2010%2F02%2F-mars-39day-oneway-red-planet-special/html%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
Former U.S. astronaut Franklin Chang-Diaz … the spacecraft to protect against radiation.
Prizes are key—they get the private sector involved and guarantee successZubrin, 12 (Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "The Mars Prize", February 1, http:~/~/www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin~%23http:www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin~%23)-http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin NL
In the context of current realities, … of a government bureaucracy.
Carberry et al, 10 (C.A., Executive Director of Explore Mars Inc, Artemis Westenberg, president of Explore Mars Inc, and Blake Ortner, Project leader of the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge, in The Journal of Cosmology, Vol 12, "The Mars Prize and Private Missions to the Red Planet", October 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars139.html) NL
2. The Mars Prize The Mars Prize … to that is demonstrating that we can send rovers successfully to the Moon" (Montague 2010).
Jain, 11 (Naveen, Founder of Moon Express and writer for Huffington Post, "Our Sputnik Moment: US Entrepreneurs Needed for the "Space Race"" 4/20 www.huffingtonpost.com/naveen-jain/our-sputnik-moment-us-ent_b_851312.html)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fnaveen-jain%2Four-sputnik-moment-us-ent_b_851312/html%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
To re-launch our space program, … the Moon, a whole new world.
Combining government incentives and private action is bestCarberry et al, 10 (C.A., Executive Director of Explore Mars Inc, Artemis Westenberg, president of Explore Mars Inc, and Blake Ortner, Project leader of the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge, in The Journal of Cosmology, Vol 12, "The Mars Prize and Private Missions to the Red Planet", October 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars139.html) NL
If the United States is going to lead … in exploration should be considered a vital goal of United States space policy.
Zubrin, 10 (Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "Human Mars Exploration: The Time Is Now", Oct-Nov 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars111.html) NL
4. Killing the Dragons Opponents of … a 10 km/hr breeze on Earth. The Viking landers endured many such events without damage.
Collins, 08 (David, Lecturer, The City Law School, City University, London, UK. B.A.Hon., J.D.(Toronto),
M.Sc., B.C.L. (Oxford), "EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF REAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE PLANET MARS", 4/25, www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/scitech/volume142/Documents/pdf)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Flaw%2Fcentral%2Fjd%2Forganizations%2Fjournals%2Fscitech%2Fvolume142%2FDocuments%2FCollins/pdf%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
Serious interest in Mars will continue to … spans of colonists or beyond.
Suici, 12 (Peter, TechNewsWorld, "Nuclear Power Could Blast Humans Into Deep Space", 11/28, www.technewsworld.com/story/76699.html)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.technewsworld.com%2Fstory%2F76699/html%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
A team of researchers, including …," he added. "So, the human race may pay a major price for self-inflicted ignorance.
Zubrin, 11(Robert, PhD in Nuclear Engineering, "How We Can Fly to Mars in This Decade – And on the Cheap", 5/14, www.marssociety.org/home/press/tms-in-the-news/howwecanflytomarsinthisdecade–andonthecheapurl:http://www.marssociety.org/home/press/tms-in-the-news/howwecanflytomarsinthisdecade%E2%80%93andonthecheap)-http://www.marssociety.org/home/press/tms-in-the-news/howwecanflytomarsinthisdecade%E2%80%93andonthecheap%29 NL
What is required, however, is a … explorers on the Red Planet by 2016.
No radiation risk and no impactFlatow and Zubrin, 11 (Ira, host of NPR Radio, and Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "Is Settling Mars Inevitable, Or An Impossibility?", July 1, www.npr.org/2011/07/01/137555244/org/2011/07/01/137555244/is-settling-mars-inevitable-or-an-impossibility)-http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/bin/create/%2F%2Fwww.npr/org%2F2011%2F07%2F01%2F137555244%2Fis-settling-mars-inevitable-or-an-impossibility%29?parent=James+Madison.Brass%2DLepp+Aff NL
ZUBRIN: That’s actually false. … effects at all. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: R and D is topicalUS Energy Information Administration, 01
(Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, "Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy", http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf)
Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
AND
regulatory mandates generally require no expenditures or loss of revenue by the Government. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: LA Times, 1/10
(Eryn Brown, LA Times, "Scientific research increasingly fueled by prize money", 1/10, articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/10/science/la-sci-funding-competition-20130110) NL
Prize sponsors, like those in centuries past, say that offering financial incentives gets
AND
genomes, send robots to the moon and create health-monitoring sensors. Gielecki, 01
(Mark Gielecki, economist at the DoE Fred Mayes, Senior Technical Advisor for the Coal, Nuclear, and Renewables programs within the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration and Lawrence Prete, DoE, "Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy" Feb, lobby.la.psu.edu/_107th/128_PURPA/Agency_Activities/EIA/Incentive_Mandates_and_Government.htm) NL
Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
AND
the commercial viability of the good(s) provided. (4)-http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/rea_issues/incent.html |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Smith, 01
Researcher at the School of Advanced Air Power Studies
M.V. SMITH, TEN PROPOSITIONS REGARdING SPACEPOWER, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/saas/smith.pdf
At the turn of the twenty-first century, we do not have experience
AND
Therefore, it is reasonable to predict that weaponizing space will also occur. It’d be better if we militarized space now—prevents other actors from doing it and no one would backlashDolman, 10
(Everett, PhD and Professor of Comparative Military Studies @ US Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies and Recipient of Central Intelligence’s Outstanding Intelligence Analyst Award, "The Case for Weapons in Space: A Geopolitical Assessment," September, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1532576)
This is the context in which the world now exists. The relatively stable global
AND
the future, the likelihood of a future war in space is remote. The China Post, 10
~The China Post, "Weapons of the Future the Sky should be the Limit" December 7,http://www.chinapost.com.tw/editorial/world-issues/2010/12/07/282551/Weapons-of.htm-http://www.chinapost.com.tw/editorial/world-issues/2010/12/07/282551/Weapons-of.htm~~
Dec. 3, 2010 may go down in history as one of the most
AND
human race does not take its conflicts to the next level. (Forrest, Senior Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation, "Deterrence and First-Strike Stability in Space", 2010 www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG916.sum.pdf-http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG916.sum.pdf) NL
Space Deterrence and General Deterrence Although this assessment focuses specifically on space deterrence and irst
AND
employ a coherent national space deterrence strategy. (See p. 35.) |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDt | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: LA Times ’12 (5/13, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/13/local/la-me-0513-state-deficit-20120513-http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/13/local/la-me-0513-state-deficit-20120513, TGA)
SACRAMENTO — California’s projected budget deficit has ballooned to %2416 billion, much larger
AND
needs voters to pair cuts with revenues," he said in a statement. Navarro 08, ~Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University~
(Peter, 8-15, "California nightmare for the global economy?," http:// www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/California-nightmare-for-the-global-economy3273234.php-http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/California-nightmare-for-the-global-economy3273234.php, 7/11/12, AH)
Will the California budget crisis tip the United States into recession? The California economy
AND
noting that California provides close to 13 percent of America’s real GDP growth. Sauter, 12
(Michael, "Ten States that Cannot Pay their Bills", January 11, http://247wallst.com/2012/01/11/ten-states-that-cannot-pay-their-bills/3/)
Balancing the budget is not just a federal problem, but a state one as
AND
Medicaid coverage for adults and reduce financial aid funding and state employee salaries. Graham ’98 (Mary, Brookings Institute, "Environmental Protection %26 the States: ""Race to the Bottom"" or ""Race to the Bottom Line""?" Winter, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/1998/12/winter-environment-graham-http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/1998/12/winter-environment-graham, TGA)
To call attention to these changes is not to deny that state and local governments
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opportunities that affect farms and housing developments as well as forests and meadows. Gutkin ’11 (Sonia, Center for Real Estate Studies at New York Law School, "Federal Preemption Issues Remain Unresolved," 7/14, http://californiagreenbuildingblog.com/2011/07/14/federal-preemption-issues-remain-unresolved/-http://californiagreenbuildingblog.com/2011/07/14/federal-preemption-issues-remain-unresolved/, TGA)
Federal law regulates energy use and efficiency of some specific products used in buildings.
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U.S.C. § 6297(c) (3)) |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Tong and Lahkani, 12
(Raymond, Consultant, The Boston Consulting Group; Former Researcher at The Berkman Center for Internet %26 Society, Harvard University. And Karim, Assistant Professor, Harvard Business School; Principal Investigator, Harvard-NASA Tournament Lab; Faculty Associate, The Berkman Center for Internet %26 Society, Harvard University, "Public-Private Partnerships for Organizing and Executing PRIZE-BASED COMPETITIONS †", June 11, pdf) NL
Prizes can be effective tools for finding innovative solutions to the most difficult problems.
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. Winning teams in prize competitions are often magnets for private sector interest. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Latinos Post 3.28.13http:www.latinospost.com/articles/15446/20130328/immigration-reform-2013-news-obama-expects-congress-bill-ready-april.htm-http://www.latinospost.com/articles/15446/20130328/immigration-reform-2013-news-obama-expects-congress-bill-ready-april.htm PM
However, there still remain some Republicans
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union wanting higher wages than the chamber has agreed to. Holland, 3/28
(Steve, Reuters, "Obama makes impassioned plea for gun control legislation", 3/28, www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/28/us-usa-obama-agenda-idUSBRE92R11J20130328-http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/28/us-usa-obama-agenda-idUSBRE92R11J20130328) NL
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama attempted on Thursday to inject fresh momentum into
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the White House with mothers of children who had been shot to death. Xinhua News 3.26.13http:news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-03/26/c_124501794.htm-http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-03/26/c_124501794.htm PM
About 63 percent of Americans agree that the immigration system should deal with immigrants
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ranked sixth, far behind economic issues. Robinson, Clarion Ledger, 2-20-13
(Eugene, "Obama’s immigration plan may be a decoy," http://www.clarionledger.com/article/20130221/OPINION/302210023/Obama-s-immigration-plan-may-decoy-http://www.clarionledger.com/article/20130221/OPINION/302210023/Obama-s-immigration-plan-may-decoy, accessed 2-21-13 Bosley)
Republicans spent the weekend trumpeting shock and outrage over President Obama’s leaked "backup plan
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themselves have sponsored in the past — if Obama is now proposing them. Mailk, 2012
(Tariq, http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/08/06/president-barack-obama-hails-nasa-mars-rover-landing/)MKD-http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/08/06/president-barack-obama-hails-nasa-mars-rover-landing/)MKD President Obama has challenged NASA to aim
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NASA launched the rover in November 2011. ST, 1/4
(Space Travel Staff Writers, "Congress Approves Bill Supporting Human Space Exploration", 1/4, www.space-travel.com/reports/Congress_Approves_Bill_Supporting_Human_Space_Exploration_999.html-http://www.space-travel.com/reports/Congress_Approves_Bill_Supporting_Human_Space_Exploration_999.html) NL
The House of Representatives has unanimously approved a Senate amendment to H.R.
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McCarthy (R-CA), and Adam Schiff (D-CA). Foust, 1/10
(Jeff, aerospace analyst, journalist and publisher. He is the editor and publisher of The Space Review and has written for Astronomy Now and The New Atlantis, "A tale of two congresspeople", 1/10, www.spacepolitics.com/2013/01/10/a-tale-of-two-congresspeople/-http://www.spacepolitics.com/2013/01/10/a-tale-of-two-congresspeople/) NL
On Wednesday evening, the American Astronomical Society (AAS) hosted a "Space
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I think that they would definitely be enthusiastic about funding for space exploration." CNN, 10
(2/16/2010; http://articles.cnn.com/2010-02-16/politics/obama.jobs_1_nuclear-reactors-nuclear-power-new-reactors?_s=PM:POLITICS)
"This is only the beginning," Obama said during a visit to an International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers training facility in Lanham, Maryland. "We’ll continue to provide financing for clean energy projects ... across America."
The president acknowledged that construction of new nuclear facilities will meet with some political resistance
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facility~ is safe, reliable, emissions-free and environmentally responsible." Kalil and Sturm, 10
(Tom, Deputy Director for Policy in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Robynn Sturm is Advisor for Open Innovation to the Deputy Director, "Congress Grants Broad Prize Authority to All Federal Agencies", Dec 21, www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/12/21/congress-grants-broad-prize-authority-all-federal-agencies-http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/12/21/congress-grants-broad-prize-authority-all-federal-agencies) NL
The America COMPETES Act passed by Congress today provides all agencies with broad authority to
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the OSTP blog-http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/12/21/competes-passage-keeps-americas-leadership-target and find the full text of the final bill here-http://www.rules.house.gov/111/LegText/111_satocompetes_txt.pdf. CARROLL 11 ~Rebecca, Nextgov.com — provides coverage and commentary on the management of information technology in the federal government, "As Nasa prepares to retire its final shuttle, agency leaders face an uncertain future" National Journal June 2 — lexis~
Launius argues that 10-year surveys can help scientists make their case to politicians
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on tour this spring, for instance, was the second such report. The Hill 3.20.13 http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/289179-obama-honeymoon-may-be-over-http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/289179-obama-honeymoon-may-be-over PM
The White House disputes any notion that Obama has lost any political capital in recent weeks.
"The president set out an ambitious agenda and he’s doing big things that are not easy, from immigration to gun control," the senior administration official said. "Those are policies you can’t rack up easily, and no one here is naive about that."
The White House is aware that the clock is
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And administration officials believe they still have the leverage. Marshall, Associate Professor of Political Science at Miami University, and Prins, Professor of Political Science at the University of Tennessee, 2011
(Bryan W., Ph.D. from Michigan State, and Brandon C., Ph.D. from Michigan State and Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, "Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force," Presidential Studies Quarterly 41:3 (September) 2011Bosley) Presidents rely heavily on Congress in converting their political capital into real policy success.
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made with an eye toward managing political capital at home (Fordham 2002). Zakaria, Editor of Newsweek International, 2009
(Fareed, "The Secrets of Stability," 12/11/09, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/12/11/the-secrets-of-stability.html) One year ago, the world seemed as if it might be coming apart.
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forces for stability, each reinforcing the other and each historical in nature. No aging crisis and no impactHowe, 09
(Neil and Richard Jackson, Washington Post Opinions, "The World Won’t Be Aging Gracefully. Just the Opposite.", Jan 4, articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-01-04/opinions/36791195_1_median-ages-rich-countries-demographic-trends/2) NL
An important but limited exception to hyperaging is the United States. Yes, America
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need strong leadership are the demographic storms about to hit the developing world. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UDCCC | Judge: A) Warming is inevitable
Ayers, Professor of Environmental Science at Vanderbuilt, 11
(John C., The Sustainability Revolution: A scientific analysis of beneficial changes for societies, communities, and individuals, Ch6 “Global Climate Change,” 5-31-11, http://www.vanderbilt.edu/Sustainability/book/S1C6.pdf, accessed 5-15-12Bosley) *Note – Tables and Figures Omitted
We have reviewed what we know about GCC based on study of modern and ancient
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potential consequences of AGW and attempt to give some measure of associated uncertainties. Warming causes extinction
*Dr. Brandenberg, ’99, Physicist (Ph.D.) and Paxson a science writer ’99 – John and Monica, Dead Mars Dying Earth p. 232-3 The ozone hole expands, driven by a monstrous synergy with global warming that
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Mars—red, desolate, with perhaps a few hardy microbes surviving. B) Supervolcanoes are inevitable and cause extinction
Turchin, 08
(Alexei, PhD in Physics, “Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century”, 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51) NL
Creation of an artificial supervolcano The more deeply we get into Earth crust by different
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probable. On the Earth are known now 20 supervolcanoes and 500 usual volcanoes C) Gamma ray bursts are inevitable and cause extinction
Turchin, 08
(Alexei, PhD in Physics, “Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century”, 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51) NL
Gamma ray bursts are intensive short streams of gamma radiation coming from far space.
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, because the overwhelming majority of planets is sterilised by gamma ray bursts.) D) Polarity reversal causes extinction
Turchin, 08
(Alexei, PhD in Physics, “Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century”, 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-#outer_page_51) NL
Polarity reversal of the magnetic field of the Earth We live in the period of
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understanding of the reasons of existence of a magnetic field of the Earth. E) Verneshots are inevitable and cause extinction
Radowitz, 04
(John Von, Science Correspondent for the Independent, ""Verneshot" cause of dinosaurs exctinction", 5/21/04, meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Other/verneshot_cause_of_dinosuars.htm#.UKwUXIfAeSo) NL
The dinosaurs might not have been the victims of a giant asteroid after all.
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fullerines – other hallmarks of a meteorite impact – could also be formed. Thus the plan: The National Aeronautics and Space Association should create and implement a prize to demonstrate a nuclear powered propulsion booster in the United States.Extinction is inevitable—try or die to get off the rock
Austen, 11
(Ben Austen, writer for POPSCI, “After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet”, 3/16/2011, http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet) NL
Earth won’t always be fit for occupation. We know that in two billion years
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will be more human beings who live off the Earth than on it.” Existential risks outweigh
Bostrom, 03
(Nick, professor at Oxford University, "Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development", 2003, www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html) NL
II. THE OPPORTUNITY COST OF DELAYED COLONIZATION From a utilitarian perspective, this huge
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aggregate utility!” can be simplified to the maxim “Minimize existential risk!”. You should default to solving long term problems—focus on short term issues steal extinction level focus and prevents effective risk mitigation
Tonn, 04
(Bruce, Program Leader, ISSE Environmental Sustainability; Professor, UT's Department of Political Science; Director, UT's Urban and Regional Planning Program; Senior Researcher, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ph.D., Urban and Regional Planning, Northwestern University; M.S., City and Regional Planning, Graduate School of Design and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; B.S., Civil Engineering, Stanford University, "Integrated 1000-year planning", 2004, longnow.org/media/djlongnow_media/press/pdf/0200402-Tonn-Integrated1000yearplanning.pdf) NL
Why tackle 1000 years and not shorter, more imaginable and manageable time horizons?
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of Rhodes, as testified to by surviving written comments from Roman emperors. Mars colonization is necessary to solve inevitable human extinction which outweighs everything else
Objective Observer ‘03
(“The Case for Colonizing Mars”, July, http://www.theobjectiveobserver.com/articles/space01.shtml)
Homo sapiens, human beings, have to be one of the least intelligent species
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And Mars is the most likely candidate within our solar system for colonization. Interdependence and nationalism prevent major wars
Deudney and Ikenberry, 09
(John and G. John, Deudney is a political scientist and Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University and Ikenberry is a theorist of international relations and United States foreign policy, and a professor of Politics and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, "The Myth of the Autocratic Revival", January-February 2009, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63721/daniel-deudney-and-g-john-ikenberry/the-myth-of-the-autocratic-revival) NL
This bleak outlook is based on an exaggeration of recent developments and ignores powerful countervailing
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international system is far more primed for peace than the autocratic revivalists acknowledge. Space col solves war—redirects out competitive natures towards space
Stephens, 03
Rex, Quantum Theorist, “The Preparation”, http://www.thepreparation.net/Chap6.html
The colonization of space would moderate many of the problems associated with the nuclear war
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their lives better to meddle in Earth's (backward and unproductive) business. Try-or-Die—Extinction precedes all impacts
Paterson 3 Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com shree
Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that
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the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 Death outweighs—you can’t come back from it and you can’t experience excess when you’re dead
Wapner 3 (Paul, associate professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University. “Leftist Criticism of "Nature" Environmental Protection in a Postmodern Age,” Dissent Winter, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/archives/2003/wi03/wapner.htm) All attempts to listen to nature are social constructions-except one. Even the
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, they deny their own intellectual insights and compromise their fundamental moral commitment. Human extinction outweighs—our species is the most important thing
Schell, 82
(Jonathan, Professor at Wesleyan University, The Fate of the Earth, pages 136-137)
Implicit in everything that I have said so far about the nuclear predicament there has
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about, coloring our thoughts and moods with its presence throughout our lives. Humans are the source of all value and existence
Savage, 94
Marshall Savage, Founder of the Living Universe Foundation, 1994, The Millenial Project, p 267
Prophets of doom are currently in fashion. Some of these Cassandras strike me as
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I believe that humans are good, and that more humans are better. NPP is key to getting to Mars—cuts the travel time in half
Whittington, 12
(Mark, writer for Yahoo, "NASA Looks to Fission Power for the Future of Space Exploration", Feb 7, news.yahoo.com/nasa-looks-fission-power-future-space-exploration-232200487.html) NL
According to an article in Nature, fission power is back on NASA's agenda thanks
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use the decay of plutonium to power space probes to the Outer Planets. Prizes are key—they get the private sector involved and guarantee success
Zubrin, 12
(Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, “The Mars Prize”, February 1, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin#) NL
In the context of current realities, here is how the concept would work.
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ever the case in the complex and endless deliberations of a government bureaucracy. Prizes solve best—they represent a paradigm shift that gets the private sector on board
Carberry et al, 10
(C.A., Executive Director of Explore Mars Inc, Artemis Westenberg, president of Explore Mars Inc, and Blake Ortner, Project leader of the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge, in The Journal of Cosmology, Vol 12, "The Mars Prize and Private Missions to the Red Planet", October 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars139.html) NL
2. The Mars Prize The Mars Prize concept is an extremely ambitious version of
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that we can send rovers successfully to the Moon" (Montague 2010). Combining government incentives and private action is best
Carberry et al, 10
(C.A., Executive Director of Explore Mars Inc, Artemis Westenberg, president of Explore Mars Inc, and Blake Ortner, Project leader of the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge, in The Journal of Cosmology, Vol 12, "The Mars Prize and Private Missions to the Red Planet", October 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars139.html) NL
If the United States is going to lead a mission to Mars in the upcoming
AND
in exploration should be considered a vital goal of United States space policy. All of your solvency take-outs are wrong—Mars colonization is possible now
Zubrin, 10
(Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "Human Mars Exploration: The Time Is Now", Oct-Nov 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars111.html) NL
4. Killing the Dragons Opponents of human Mars exploration frequently cite several issues which
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breeze on Earth. The Viking landers endured many such events without damage. Colonies on Mars can thrive
Collins, 08
(David, Lecturer, The City Law School, City University, London, UK. B.A.Hon., J.D.(Toronto),
M.Sc., B.C.L. (Oxford), "EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF REAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE PLANET MARS", 4/25, www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/scitech/volume142/Documents/Collins.pdf) NL
Serious interest in Mars will continue to intensify for two important reasons. First,
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and settlement rights could last for whole life spans of colonists or beyond. The tech is available now
Suici, 12
(Peter, TechNewsWorld, "Nuclear Power Could Blast Humans Into Deep Space", 11/28, www.technewsworld.com/story/76699.html) NL
A team of researchers, including engineers from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, this
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the human race may pay a major price for self-inflicted ignorance. We can start colonizing by 2016
Zubrin, 11
(Robert, PhD in Nuclear Engineering, "How We Can Fly to Mars in This Decade – And on the Cheap", 5/14, www.marssociety.org/home/press/tms-in-the-news/howwecanflytomarsinthisdecade–andonthecheap) NL
What is required, however, is a different attitude towards risk than currently pervades
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have our first team of human explorers on the Red Planet by 2016. No radiation risk and no impact
Flatow and Zubrin, 11
(Ira, host of NPR Radio, and Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "Is Settling Mars Inevitable, Or An Impossibility?", July 1, www.npr.org/2011/07/01/137555244/is-settling-mars-inevitable-or-an-impossibility) NL
ZUBRIN: That's actually false. There's two kinds of radiation that can get you
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, and none of them have developed any radiological health effects at all.
Medical innovations prevent microgravity impacts
Marcal et al, 10
(Helder, PhD, Australian Center for Astrobiology, Brendan P Burns, PhD, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, and Elizabeth Blaber, PhD, The University of New South Wales, "A Human Mission to Mars: A Bioastronautics Analysis of Biomedical Risks", October-November, journalofcosmology.com/Mars140.html) NL
Studies on animals have shown that either aerobic or resistance exercise can be used as
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ready for use to help combat the degeneration of astronaut human body systems. Volcanos and asteroid impact sites have easy to mine resources
O’Hanlon, 10
(Larry, Discovery News, "Mining Mars? Where’s the Ore?", Febb 22, news.discovery.com/space/mars-prospecting-ores-gold.html) NL
Future Mars prospectors will likely find mineral riches in some unusual settings, say planetary
AND
atmosphere" and so its minerals are going to be no less different. New observations prove—there’s water on Mars
Huffington Post, 12
"Water On Mars? Dark Streaks On Red Planet Stem From Briny Flows, Research Suggests", 10/24, www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/24/water-mars-dark-streaks-briny-flows_n_2009902.html) NL
The tantalizing seasonal flows observed on Mars last year may indeed be caused by liquid
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will be published in an upcoming issue of the journal Geophysical Research Letters. No risk of disease on Mars
Netea et al, 10
(Mihai G. Netea, Ph.D. Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Ph.D. Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Marc Strous, Ph.D. Nijmegen Institute for Infection and Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany and Jos W.M. van der Meer, Ph.D., Department of Medicine and 2Nijmegen Institute for Infection, "Infection Risk of a Human Mission to Mars", October-November 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars129.html) NL
How likely is that a Martian bacteria would be pathogenic for humans, or disruptive
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very small. Less likely is even transmission to a second 'vulnerable' host. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge:
A supervolcano will erupt—causes extinction
Britt, 05
(Robert Roy, LiveScience Senior Writer, "Super volcanoes will chill the world someday", 3/8, www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7129908/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/super-volcanoes-will-chill-world-someday/#.UK1Lw4fAeSo) NL
The eruption of a super volcano "sooner or later" will chill the planet
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Earth, and this issue also demands serious attention," the report concludes. Biodiversity loss is inevitable—guarantees extinction
Ly, 11
(Mimi Nguyen, Epoch Times, "Global Biodiversity Loss Inevitable With Protected Areas Only", July 28, www.theepochtimes.com/n2/science/global-biodiversity-loss-inevitable-with-protected-areas-only-59685.html) NL
It is not enough to set aside "protected areas" to prevent global biodiversity
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lead author Camilo Mora of Hawaii University at Manoa in a press release. Super Tsunamis inevitably cause extinction
Turchin 8 (Alexei Turchin Ph.D, Professor of the Philosophy of Science, Research Fellow in “Science for Longer Life”, “Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI”, 2008) SV
Ancient human memory keeps enormous flooding as the most terrible catastrophe. However on the
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dots: explosions of bombs, falling of asteroids, collapses of mountain. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge:
Our predictions are accurate—vote aff to do something
Garrett 12 – BA from Stanford, PhD from Brandeis University, rom Director of Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council (Banning, “In Search of Sand Piles and Butterflies”, http://www.acus.org/disruptive_change/search-sand-piles-and-butterflies shree)
“Disruptive change” that produces “strategic shocks” has become an increasing concern
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respond, and our ability to see opportunities that we would otherwise miss.” The alternative is policy paralysis and a return to local bigotry and persecution. Defending truth claims is on-balance less dangerous than attacking them
Fierlbeck 94 (Katherine, Dalhousie University, History and Theory, v.33 n.1, online)
In many respects, even the dismally skeptical post-modernists are too optimistic in
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listen to our unexamined preferences as if they were ethical laws."10 We should make rational predictions based on observations and approximations
Bricmont 1 (Jean, professor of theoretical physics at the University of Louvain, “Defense of a Modest Scientific Realism”, September 23, http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/bielefeld_final.pdf shree) Given that instrumentalism is not defensible when it is formulated as a rigid doctrine,
AND
but we would like to offer a few ideas that might prove useful. Realism is inevitable
Thayer 2k (Bradley Thayer has been a Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and has taught at Dartmouth College and the University of Minnesota “Bringing in Darwin: Evolutionary Theory, Realism, and International Politics” International Security, Vol. 25, No. 2. Autumn. JSTORp. 132) Evolutionary theorist Richard Dawkins's selfish gene theory provides the second sufficient explanation for egoism.
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selfishness of the gene increases its fitness, and so the behavior spreads. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge:
Perm do both Conditionality is a voter for fairness they can kick out of whatever we spend the most time on the 2ac—our interp is that they get one world Only NASA can design and implement prizes AWST March 2013 (Aviation Weekly and Space Technology) “Government, Industry Look To Prizes To Spur Innovation “ http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_03_04_2013_p48-553512.xmlandp=4 NASA, and the Defense and Energy departments have led the field in expanding their
AND
or advice on how to take a product to market,” she says. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge:
Warming is inevitable—Ayers No offense we get of rock No ev we’d trade off—we don’t trade off enough Perm do the plan and trade off with something else |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge:
CA Survival good—Paterson/Schell/Savage There is a distinction—that’s Wapner—being dead means that you cannot know or experience anything—you should act to avoid death Human survival is key to alien survival
Spinrad, 1997
(Paul, Writer for written for Re/Search, Adbusters and Digital Media “Do not mate with Gentle Vegetarians,” http://boingboing.net/bovine.html
As many now realize, aliens are using Earth as a laboratory to develop DNA
AND
and acceptance of strange people permit the introduction of a new genetic strain. Human survival is key to the transition to a Type 1 civilization
Kaku, 04
(Michio, Prof. Theoretical Physics @ City College New York, “Parallel Universes”, p. 360-361)
Our grandchildren, however, will live at the dawning of Earth's first planetary civilization
AND
sure that the transition to a type I civilization is a smooth one. That’s key to rip the worm-hole and avoid the big freeze
Kaku, 04
(Michio, Prof. Theoretical Physics @ City College New York, Discover, “How to Survive the End of the Universe”, 12-3, http://discovermagazine.com/2004/dec/survive-end-of-universe)
To journey safely from this universe to another—to investigate the various options and
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civilization would have plenty of time to develop and test an escape plan. 4. Perm do both. Omission is not exclusion—NO discursive act can include everything, especially since we have time limits—this doesn't mean we reject or marginalize these concerns.
Rorty 2, Professor of Comparative Literature @ Stanford, (Richard, Peace Review, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 152-153) I have no quarrel with Cornell's and Spivak's claim that "what is missing in
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have been told, and should be told, in many other ways. Genocide is non-unique—extinction inevitable 5. New nuclear tech solves
GWPF, 12
(The Global Warming Policy Foundation, energy news, launched by Lord Lawson and Dr Benny Peiser on 23 November 2009 in the House of Lords, 4/3/12, http://thegwpf.org/energy-news/5371-wamsr-too-good-to-be-true.html) NL
Make that consumers and power companies as well, because these MIT PhD candidates have
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years, thereby decreasing the need for permanent repositories such as Yucca Mountain. There’s no link—we don’t use nuclear power on the earth, don’t frame out Native issues 7. Prefer our authors—they’re experts and understand the real limits of tech—you should not be afraid to embrace technology
Adams, 10
(Rod, former submarine engineer officer and founder of Adams Atomic Engines Inc, "Technological Realism Should Replace Optimism", May 31, atomicinsights.com/2010/05/technological-realism-should-replace-optimism.html) NL
As a “served engineer” on a nuclear powered submarine, I learned a
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blind optimism are both incompatible with performing difficult tasks in potentially dangerous environments. 8. The political sphere is becoming more environmentally conscious—their radical approach destroys leftist support movements
Wapner 8 (Paul, director of the Global Environmental Politics Program in SIS. Feb 8, “the importance of critical environmental studies in the new environmentalism” project museshree)
To many readers, such questions probably sound familiar. Efforts to rid the world
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incrementalism—specifying the relationship between superstructural policy reforms and structural political transformation. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge:
Reject alts are a voter for fairness because we can’t debate against an alt with no details that claims to solve all social ills Our interpretation is that the aff must defend a topical USFG action and the negative must defend either a competitive policy option or the status quo— That’s better for debate—
A) Fairness—there’s an infinite number of philosophical alternatives to the squo
B) Topic Education—The only way to learn about the topic is by learning about the implementation of the plan—kritiks prevent that
C) Race to the middle—at the very least you have to weigh the impacts of the 1AC against the impacts of the kritik
D) The nature of K debate is that alts rely on new link stories which make being the 1AR impossible 4. Permutation do both— Failure to engage with market mechanisms or the state means there’s no alternative—their purist politics is narcissistic and the perm is the only way to resolve coming extinction Bryant 12—professor of philosophy at Collin College (Levi, We’ll Never Do Better Than a Politician: Climate Change and Purity, 5/11/12, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/well-never-do-better-than-a-politician-climate-change-and-purity/ shree) However, pointing this out and deriding market based solutions doesn’t get us very far
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there’s no way around this, and we do need to act now. 5. Cap prevents war
Griswold 6 director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute Daniel T. Griswold, , 2006 CATO Institute, Peace on earth? Try free trade among men, http://www.freetrade.org/node/282) First, trade and globalization have reinforced the trend toward democracy, and democracies don't
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they can acquire them peacefully by trading away what they can produce best at 6. The impact is empirically denied—there’s neoliberalism now and no great power war AND other things prevent war Can’t root cause the case—capitalism doesn’t cause verneshots or polarity reversal 7. Neoliberalism solves exploitation
Bhagvati 4 University Professor at Columbia University and Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations Jagdish Bhagwati, “In Defense of Globalization”. 2004. Overview, http://www.cfr.org/publication/6769/in_defense_of_globalization.html
Jagdish Bhagwati takes conventional wisdom—that globalization is the cause of several social ills
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further advance these social agendas, adding more glow to the human face. Value to life is subjective—I’ll always think I have V2L and you may disagree—that means there’s no impact to the K Case is a DA to the alt—floating PIKs are a voter for fairness because they steal our aff and force us to debate against ourselves Neolib inevitable—other countries Weede 4, Professor of Sociology at the University of Bonn, 04 (Erich, “The Diffusion of Prosperity and Peace by Glboalization,” The Independent Review, Vol. 9, No. 2, Fall, http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_09_2_1_weede.pdf) First,prosperous countries influence the legal foundations for capitalism or economic policies elsewhere.
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Economic openness or export orientation is part of the package of economic freedom. Space exploration solves sustainability issues
Ashworth ’10 Stephen Ashworth is a long-standing Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society. He works in academic publishing in the Voltaire Foundation, part of Oxford University – Towards the Sociology of the Universe, part 2 – 18 December 2010 – http://www.astronist.demon.co.uk/space-age/essays/Sociology2.html
There are thus two plausible end-points to our current phase of growth:
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appropriate as an economic system for a society colonising its local planetary system. There’s no root cause
Sharpe and Goucher 10 (Matthew, lecturer, philosophy and psychoanalytic studies; and Geoff, senior lecturer, literary and psychoanalytic studies – Deakin University, Žižek and Politics: An Introduction, p. 231-233)
We realise that this argument, which we propose as a new ‘quilting’ framework
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the other intellectual disciplines, most of whom today pointedly reject Theory’s legitimacy. 9. Neoliberalism is inevitable and constraining it makes it worse
Wilkinson, 05
Academic Coordinator of the Social Change Project and the Global Prosperity Initiative at The Mercatus Center at George Mason University Will, Capitalism and Human Nature, Cato Policy Report Vol. XXVII No. 1
Emory professor of economics and law Paul Rubin usefully distinguishes between "productive" and
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the human taste for hierarchical status, but to no one's serious detriment. - The transition would cause nuclear war
Lewis, 98
Chris H. Lewis, Professor of American Studies at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 1998, in The Coming Age of Scarcity, ed Dobkowski and Wallimann, p 56-57
Most critics would argue, probably correctly, that instead of allowing underdeveloped countries to
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would be the worst-case scenario for the collapse of global civilization.
Space colonization unites the world in harmony—that solves war and all structural problems
Asimov, 03
(Isaac, President of the American Humanist Association, “Our Future in Cosmos—Space”, 2003, http://www.wronkiewicz.net/asimov.html) NL
Beyond all these material things that space exploration can bring us, there is something
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NASA, knowing full well that it symbolizes what I believe in too. 12. Their authors are hacks who don’t understand the system and just write books to make money
Saunders, 07
Peter, Adjunct Professor at the Australian Graduate School of Management, Why Capitalism is Good for the Soul, http://www.cis.org.au/POLICY/summer%2007-08/saunders_summer07.htm
Andrew Norton notes that disaffected intellectuals since Rousseau have been attacking capitalism for its failure
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the soul’: it fulfils human needs without first seeking their moral approval. Neolib is key to AI
Kurzweil 1 (Ray Kurzweil, Ph.D. and Genius Inventor, “The Law of Accelerating Returns”, Lifeboat Foundation Special Reports, 2001, http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns) There is a vital economic imperative to create more intelligent technology. Intelligent machines have
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to repeal capitalism and every visage of economic competition to stop this progression. Solves all problems
Bostrum 3 (Nick, Director, Oxford Future of Humanity Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford University, http://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai.htm) It is hard to think of any problem that a superintelligence could not either solve
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, experiencing, personal growth, and to living closer to our ideals. ( ) Empirically movements don’t solve cap Zakaria 9 (Fareed, serves on the board of Yale University, The Council on Foreign Relations, The Trilateral Commission, and Shakespeare and Company.; received a B.A. from Yale and a Ph.D. in political science from Harvard; editor of Newsweek International, “The Capitalist Manifesto: Greed Is Good”, Jun 13, 2009, http://www.newsweek.com/id/201935/output/print) A specter is haunting the world—the return of capitalism. Over the past
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against liberalization and got their worst drubbing at the polls in 40 years.
( ) The system’s resilient DESPITE income inequality and the alt fails Rose 12(Gideon, Editor of Foreign Affairs, “Making Modernity Work”, Foreign Affairs, January/February) The central question of modernity has been how to reconcilecapitalism and mass democracy, and
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overcome in the past, optimism would seem the better long-term bet |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: A) Warming is inevitable
Ayers, Professor of Environmental Science at Vanderbuilt, 11
(John C., The Sustainability Revolution: A scientific analysis of beneficial changes for societies, communities, and individuals, Ch6 "Global Climate Change," 5-31-11, http://www.vanderbilt.edu/Sustainability/book/S1C6.pdf-http://www.vanderbilt.edu/Sustainability/book/S1C6.pdf, accessed 5-15-12Bosley) *Note – Tables and Figures Omitted
We have reviewed what we know about GCC based on study of modern and ancient
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potential consequences of AGW and attempt to give some measure of associated uncertainties. Warming causes extinction
*Dr. Brandenberg, ’99, Physicist (Ph.D.) and Paxson
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Mars—red, desolate, with perhaps a few hardy microbes surviving. B) Supervolcanoes are inevitable and cause extinction
Turchin, 08
(Alexei, PhD in Physics, "Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century", 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~~%23outer_page_51-http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-) NL
Creation of an artificial supervolcano The more deeply we get into Earth crust by different
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probable. On the Earth are known now 20 supervolcanoes and 500 usual volcanoes C) Gamma ray bursts are inevitable and cause extinction
Turchin, 08
(Alexei, PhD in Physics, "Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century", 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~~%23outer_page_51-http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-) NL
Gamma ray bursts are intensive short streams of gamma radiation coming from far space. Gamma ray bursts, apparently, are radiated in the form of narrow bunches, and consequently their energy more concentrated, than at usual explosions of stars.
AND
(There are assumptions, that the life in the Universe is extremely rare, because the overwhelming majority of planets is sterilised by gamma ray bursts.) D) Polarity reversal causes extinction
Turchin, 08
(Alexei, PhD in Physics, "Structure of the Global Catastrophe: Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century", 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-~~%23outer_page_51-http://www.scribd.com/doc/6250354/STRUCTURE-OF-THE-GLOBAL-CATASTROPHE-Risks-of-human-extinction-in-the-XXI-century-) NL
Polarity reversal of the magnetic field of the Earth We live in the period of
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understanding of the reasons of existence of a magnetic field of the Earth. E) Verneshots are inevitable and cause extinction
Radowitz, 04
(John Von, Science Correspondent for the Independent, ""Verneshot" cause of dinosaurs exctinction", 5/21/04, meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Other/verneshot_cause_of_dinosuars.htm~%23.UKwUXIfAeSo) NL
The dinosaurs might not have been the victims of a giant asteroid after all.
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fullerines – other hallmarks of a meteorite impact – could also be formed. Thus the plan: The National Aeronautics and Space Association should create and implement a prize to demonstrate a nuclear powered propulsion booster in the United States. Extinction is inevitable—try or die to get off the rock
Austen, 11
(Ben Austen, writer for POPSCI, "After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet", 3/16/2011, http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet-http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet) NL Earth won’t always be fit for occupation.
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If we humans want to survive for hundreds of thousands or millions of years, we must ultimately populate other planets," he said. "One day, I don’t know when that day is, but there will be more human beings who live off the Earth than on it." Existential risks outweigh
Bostrom, 03
(Nick, professor at Oxford University, "Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development", 2003, www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html-http://www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html) NL
II. THE OPPORTUNITY COST OF DELAYED COLONIZATION From a utilitarian perspective, this huge
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aggregate utility%21" can be simplified to the maxim "Minimize existential risk%21". You should default to solving long term problems—focus on short term issues steal extinction level focus and prevents effective risk mitigation
Tonn, 04
(Bruce, Program Leader, ISSE Environmental Sustainability; Professor, UT’s Department of Political Science; Director, UT’s Urban and Regional Planning Program; Senior Researcher, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ph.D., Urban and Regional Planning, Northwestern University; M.S., City and Regional Planning, Graduate School of Design and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; B.S., Civil Engineering, Stanford University, "Integrated 1000-year planning", 2004, longnow.org/media/djlongnow_media/press/pdf/0200402-Tonn-Integrated1000yearplanning.pdf) NL
Why tackle 1000 years and not shorter, more imaginable and manageable time horizons?
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of Rhodes, as testified to by surviving written comments from Roman emperors. Mars colonization is necessary to solve inevitable human extinction which outweighs everything else
Objective Observer ’03
("The Case for Colonizing Mars", July, http://www.theobjectiveobserver.com/articles/space01.shtml)
Homo sapiens, human beings, have to be one of the least intelligent species
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And Mars is the most likely candidate within our solar system for colonization. Deterrence and rationality prevent nuclear war
Tepperman, 09
(Jonathon, Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs for the Council on Foreign Relations and Former deputy editor of Newsweek International and director at EurasiaGroup, "Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb", Aug 28, www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.html-http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.html) NL
A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in
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each instance, very different leaders all came to the same safe conclusion. Interdependence and nationalism prevent major wars
Deudney and Ikenberry, 09
(John and G. John, Deudney is a political scientist and Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University and Ikenberry is a theorist of international relations and United States foreign policy, and a professor of Politics and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, "The Myth of the Autocratic Revival", January-February 2009, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63721/daniel-deudney-and-g-john-ikenberry/the-myth-of-the-autocratic-revival-http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63721/daniel-deudney-and-g-john-ikenberry/the-myth-of-the-autocratic-revival) NL
This bleak outlook is based on an exaggeration of recent developments and ignores powerful countervailing
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international system is far more primed for peace than the autocratic revivalists acknowledge. Space col solves war—redirects out competitive natures towards space
Stephens, 03
~Rex, Quantum Theorist, "The Preparation", http://www.thepreparation.net/Chap6.html~~
The colonization of space would moderate many of the problems associated with the nuclear war
AND
their lives better to meddle in Earth’s (backward and unproductive) business. Even if it happened, a nuclear war would immediately be de-escalated
Quinin, 97
~Michael, Under Secretary of the State for Defense, Thinking about Nuclear Weapons, 31~
There are good reasons for fearing escalation: the confusion of war; its stresses
AND
or culture-specific rationality; the rationality required is plain and basic. No nuclear winter—your authors are hacks who cherrypicked results based on false data—all environmental effects would be fixed within 3 months
Slade, 11
(Stuart, senior aerospace and defense analyst at a US-based defense think tank, "Nuclear Winter is Bunk", April 26, http://warreview.blogspot.com/2011/04/nuclear-winter-is-bunk.html-http://warreview.blogspot.com/2011/04/nuclear-winter-is-bunk.html) NL
Bunk is a pretty fair description (of nuclear winter). The "nuclear winter
AND
would be shaved so that things tend to the "median" situation." NPP is key to getting to Mars—cuts the travel time in half
Whittington, 12
(Mark, writer for Yahoo, "NASA Looks to Fission Power for the Future of Space Exploration", Feb 7, news.yahoo.com/nasa-looks-fission-power-future-space-exploration-232200487.html) NL
According to an article in Nature,-http://www.nature.com/news/fission-power-back-on-nasa-s-agenda-1.9978 fission power is back on NASA’s agenda thanks
AND
use the decay of plutonium to power space probes to the Outer Planets. Prizes are key—they get the private sector involved and guarantee success
Zubrin, 12
(Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "The Mars Prize", February 1, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin~~%23-http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/289775/mars-prize-robert-zubrin) NL
In the context of current realities, here is how the concept would work.
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ever the case in the complex and endless deliberations of a government bureaucracy. Prizes solve best—they represent a paradigm shift that gets the private sector on board
Carberry et al, 10
(C.A., Executive Director of Explore Mars Inc, Artemis Westenberg, president of Explore Mars Inc, and Blake Ortner, Project leader of the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge, in The Journal of Cosmology, Vol 12, "The Mars Prize and Private Missions to the Red Planet", October 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars139.html) NL
2. The Mars Prize The Mars Prize concept is an extremely ambitious version of
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that we can send rovers successfully to the Moon" (Montague 2010). Combining government incentives and private action is best
Carberry et al, 10
(C.A., Executive Director of Explore Mars Inc, Artemis Westenberg, president of Explore Mars Inc, and Blake Ortner, Project leader of the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge, in The Journal of Cosmology, Vol 12, "The Mars Prize and Private Missions to the Red Planet", October 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars139.html) NL
If the United States is going to lead a mission to Mars in the upcoming
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in exploration should be considered a vital goal of United States space policy. All of your solvency take-outs are wrong—Mars colonization is possible now
Zubrin, 10
(Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "Human Mars Exploration: The Time Is Now", Oct-Nov 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars111.html) NL
4. Killing the Dragons Opponents of human Mars exploration frequently cite several issues which
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breeze on Earth. The Viking landers endured many such events without damage. Colonies on Mars can thrive
Collins, 08
(David, Lecturer, The City Law School, City University, London, UK. B.A.Hon., J.D.(Toronto),
M.Sc., B.C.L. (Oxford), "EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF REAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE PLANET MARS", 4/25, www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/scitech/volume142/Documents/Collins.pdf-http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/scitech/volume142/Documents/Collins.pdf) NL
Serious interest in Mars will continue to intensify for two important reasons. First,
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and settlement rights could last for whole life spans of colonists or beyond. The tech is available now
Suici, 12
(Peter, TechNewsWorld, "Nuclear Power Could Blast Humans Into Deep Space", 11/28, www.technewsworld.com/story/76699.html-http://www.technewsworld.com/story/76699.html) NL
A team of researchers, including engineers from the Los Alamos National Laboratory-http://www.lanl.gov/, this
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the human race may pay a major price for self-inflicted ignorance. We can start colonizing by 2016
Zubrin, 11
(Robert, PhD in Nuclear Engineering, "How We Can Fly to Mars in This Decade – And on the Cheap", 5/14, www.marssociety.org/home/press/tms-in-the-news/howwecanflytomarsinthisdecade–andonthecheap-http://www.marssociety.org/home/press/tms-in-the-news/howwecanflytomarsinthisdecade–andonthecheap) NL
What is required, however, is a different attitude towards risk than currently pervades
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have our first team of human explorers on the Red Planet by 2016. No radiation risk and no impact
Flatow and Zubrin, 11
(Ira, host of NPR Radio, and Robert, PhD in aerospace engineering, "Is Settling Mars Inevitable, Or An Impossibility?", July 1, www.npr.org/2011/07/01/137555244/is-settling-mars-inevitable-or-an-impossibility-http://www.npr.org/2011/07/01/137555244/is-settling-mars-inevitable-or-an-impossibility) NL
ZUBRIN: That’s actually false. There’s two kinds of radiation that can get you
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, and none of them have developed any radiological health effects at all.
Medical innovations prevent microgravity impacts
Marcal et al, 10
(Helder, PhD, Australian Center for Astrobiology, Brendan P Burns, PhD, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, and Elizabeth Blaber, PhD, The University of New South Wales, "A Human Mission to Mars: A Bioastronautics Analysis of Biomedical Risks", October-November, journalofcosmology.com/Mars140.html) NL
Studies on animals have shown that either aerobic or resistance exercise can be used as
AND
ready for use to help combat the degeneration of astronaut human body systems. Volcanos and asteroid impact sites have easy to mine resources
O’Hanlon, 10
(Larry, Discovery News, "Mining Mars? Where’s the Ore?", Febb 22, news.discovery.com/space/mars-prospecting-ores-gold.html) NL
Future Mars prospectors will likely find mineral riches in some unusual settings, say planetary
AND
atmosphere" and so its minerals are going to be no less different. New observations prove—there’s water on Mars
Huffington Post, 12
"Water On Mars? Dark Streaks On Red Planet Stem From Briny Flows, Research Suggests", 10/24, www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/24/water-mars-dark-streaks-briny-flows_n_2009902.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/24/water-mars-dark-streaks-briny-flows_n_2009902.html) NL
The tantalizing seasonal flows observed on Mars last year may indeed be caused by liquid
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will be published in an upcoming issue of the journal Geophysical Research Letters. No risk of disease on Mars
Netea et al, 10
(Mihai G. Netea, Ph.D. Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Ph.D.Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Marc Strous, Ph.D.Nijmegen Institute for Infection and Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany and Jos W.M. van der Meer, Ph.D., Department of Medicine and 2Nijmegen Institute for Infection, "Infection Risk of a Human Mission to Mars", October-November 2010, journalofcosmology.com/Mars129.html) NL
How likely is that a Martian bacteria would be pathogenic for humans, or disruptive
AND
very small. Less likely is even transmission to a second ’vulnerable’ host. The political capital theory is bankrupt
Dickenson ’09 (matthew, professor of political science at Middlebury College, Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power may 26th ’09 http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/-http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/)
What is of more interest to me, however, is what her selection reveals
AND
an important aspect of presidential power that cannot be measured through legislative boxscores. Focus on discourse is bad
Taft-Kaufman 95
(Jill, Professor of Speech at Central Michigan University, Ph.D. from UC Berkeley. "Other Ways" Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3)
The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported
AND
political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 2AC Energy T We meet—we’re an increase in nuclear energy
IAEA, 05
(International Atomic Energy Agency, "The Role of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Propulsion in the Peaceful Exploration of Space", 2005, http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1197_web.pdf-http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1197_web.pdf) NL
Nuclear power can be used for a rocket propulsion system. The reactor power is
AND
10 6 s and a mass ratio that is barely larger than unity. We put nuclear plants on spaceships
IAEA, 05
(International Atomic Energy Agency, "The Role of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Propulsion in the Peaceful Exploration of Space", 2005, http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1197_web.pdf-http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1197_web.pdf) NL
Such considerations lead to the development of alternative sources of power and heating which are
AND
such probe to use power supplied solely from a radioisotope ( 238 Pu). Cinterp energy production is the conversion of energy from an energy source to energy
Energici Holdings Inc. quoting the US EIA 12
(Private consulting firm which provides business intelligence and decision support services to companies and investors in the wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and bioenergy industries. Specializes in providing robust research, analysis and intelligence coverage of trends and developments, "PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION (MONTHLY)" June 2012, http://www.energici.com/energy-profiles/by-country/europe-m-z/sweden/49-countries/north-america/usa/usa-geothermal/4c49-primary-energy-productionc-http://www.energici.com/energy-profiles/by-country/europe-m-z/sweden/49-countries/north-america/usa/usa-geothermal/4c49-primary-energy-productionc, accessed 11-3-12 Bosley)
Definition : Primary Energy Production is the amount of energy converted from a primary energy
AND
and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption and biofuels feedstock. We’re key to education about space—that’s intrinsic to everything else
Huntley, 09
(Wade, US Naval Postgraduate School, Joseph Brock, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, Miranda Weingartner, Weingartner Consulting, "Planning the unplannable: Scenarios on the future of space", 09, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA523690-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA523690) NL
The future of the human presence in space has many faces. 1 The uses
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presence in space will interact to produce outcomes over longer-term time frames 2AC T Incentive We meet—we’re a financial incentive
LA Times, 1/10
(Eryn Brown, LA Times, "Scientific research increasingly fueled by prize money", 1/10, articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/10/science/la-sci-funding-competition-20130110) NL
Prize sponsors, like those in centuries past, say that offering financial incentives gets
AND
genomes, send robots to the moon and create health-monitoring sensors. Counter-interp—financial incentives increase the production or consumption of something
Gielecki, 01
(Mark Gielecki, economist at the DoE Fred Mayes, Senior Technical Advisor for the Coal, Nuclear, and Renewables programs within the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration and Lawrence Prete, DoE, "Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy" Feb, lobby.la.psu.edu/_107th/128_PURPA/Agency_Activities/EIA/Incentive_Mandates_and_Government.htm) NL
Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
AND
the commercial viability of the good(s) provided. (4)-http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/rea_issues/incent.html We’re key to education about space—that’s intrinsic to everything else
Huntley, 09
(Wade, US Naval Postgraduate School, Joseph Brock, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, Miranda Weingartner, Weingartner Consulting, "Planning the unplannable: Scenarios on the future of space", 09, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA523690-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA523690) NL
The future of the human presence in space has many faces. 1 The uses
AND
presence in space will interact to produce outcomes over longer-term time frames R%26D is topical
US Energy Information Administration, 01
(Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, "Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy", http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf)
Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
AND
regulatory mandates generally require no expenditures or loss of revenue by the Government. We’re key to education about space—that’s intrinsic to everything else
Huntley, 09
(Wade, US Naval Postgraduate School, Joseph Brock, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, Miranda Weingartner, Weingartner Consulting, "Planning the unplannable: Scenarios on the future of space", 09, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA523690-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA523690) NL
The future of the human presence in space has many faces. 1 The uses
AND
presence in space will interact to produce outcomes over longer-term time frames |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
CP NPP key to getting to Mars and preventing radiation problems
Kazan, 10
(Casey, writer for The Daily Galaxy, "The 39-Day "
AND
of helping create a magnetic field around the spacecraft to protect against radiation. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 2AC Tech Panacea K Perm—do the plan and all noncompetitive parts of the alt—blanket rejection of tech fails—we’re proof it can be good
Cooper 2 ~Simon, Senior Lecturer at the University of Sunderland, "Technoculture and Critical Theory: In the Service of the Machine?" 2002, Psychology Press, http://books.google.com/books?id=oLToY6Kz10MC%26printsec=frontcover%26source=gbs_atb~~%23v=onepage%26q%26f=false-http://books.google.com/books?id=oLToY6Kz10MC%26printsec=frontcover%26source=gbs_atb~~ More than any other theorist discussed in this book (except perhaps Heidegger), Virilio
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determined nihilism (Virilio) and the celebration of heterogeneous fragmentation (Wark.) Case is a DA to the alt—floating PIKs are a voter for fairness because force us to debate against ourselves Technology is key to value to life
Zimmerman, 03
("On Reconciling Progressivism and Environmentalism" http://www.integralworld.net/zimmerman7.html)
In the process of dissociating himself from nature, modern man also gradually dissociated himself
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social structures impede the development of the productive forces needed to overcome scarcity. Debating about tech solves their impacts
Katz et al 3 ~Eric, professor of philosophy and director of the Science, Technology, and Society Program at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Andrew Light, assistant professor of environmental philosophy and director of the Environmental Conservation Education Program at New York University, William Thompson, professor emeritus of philosophy at SUNY College, "Controlling Technology," 2003, Prometheus Books, Page 403~
One approach to this question is to suggest that the public needs to be more
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the intervention of nonprofessionals in the early stages of the development of technology. Alt fails—
A) Can’t overcome societal trends
Carolan 4 (Michael S., Departments of Sociology and Environmental Studies, Whitman College, "Ecological Modernization Theory: What About Consumption?," Society %26 Natural Resources, Volume 17, Issue 3, pg. 247-260, Taylor and Francis, pdf) While in some respects our age is a postmaterial one, it is in other
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), increased production requires increased consumption in ’’both volume and kind.’’ |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
2AC Ptix Your uniqueness evidence is too good—says Republicans will definitely pass immigration reform because they lost so badly in the 2012 election AND because public opinion is favor of passage XO Solves
Posel, 2/14
(Susanne, reporter for occupy corporatism, "Obama Signed Cybersecurity Exec Order To Control %26 Prevent Cyber Attacks", Feb 14, occupycorporatism.com/obama-signed-cybersecurity-exec-order-to-control-prevent-cyber-attacks/) NL
Just two days ago, President Obama signed executive order -http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/executive-order-improving-critical-infrastructure-cybersecurity(EO) "Improving
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as outlined in "periodic in-progress reviews" to ensure cybersecurity. No immigration deal now
Latinos Post 3.28.13http:www.latinospost.com/articles/15446/20130328/immigration-reform-2013-news-obama-expects-congress-bill-ready-april.htm-http://www.latinospost.com/articles/15446/20130328/immigration-reform-2013-news-obama-expects-congress-bill-ready-april.htm PM
However, there still remain some Republicans who are weary over the rapidly approaching deadline that Obama has mandated on immigration reform. Recently, six Republican senatorssent a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee-http://sessions.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Files.View%26FileStore_id=a3a628c4-94b2-43ea-b91f-982708d50849 urging them to allow legislators more time to read and analyze an immigration bill.
Recent word on a deal for the bill suggest that the panel and Congress have been at odds over exactly how to bring about a pathway to citizenship for millions of undocumented immigrants, with the senate panel insisting on issuing a path to citizenship only after the border is secure, which Obama insists is important, but told Univision that progress had already been made on tighter security at the southern border.
In addition, the AFL-CIO and U.S. Chamber of Commerce have been at odds over the contentious issue of how much immigrant workers should be paid, the union wanting higher wages than the chamber has agreed to. Gun control thumps
Holland, 3/28
(Steve, Reuters, "Obama makes impassioned plea for gun control legislation", 3/28, www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/28/us-usa-obama-agenda-idUSBRE92R11J20130328-http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/28/us-usa-obama-agenda-idUSBRE92R11J20130328) NL
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama attempted on Thursday to inject fresh momentum into
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the White House with mothers of children who had been shot to death. Econ thumps
Xinhua News 3.26.13http:news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-03/26/c_124501794.htm-http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-03/26/c_124501794.htm PM
About 63 percent of Americans agree that the immigration system should deal with immigrants who are currently living in the country by allowing them a way to become citizens, according to a survey released last Thursday by the Public Religion Research and the Brookings Institution.
However, a bad news for supporters of immigration reform is that among the seven issues with political priority for the White House and Congress, immigration only ranked sixth, far behind economic issues. Obama kills it
Robinson, Clarion Ledger, 2-20-13
(Eugene, "Obama’s immigration plan may be a decoy," http://www.clarionledger.com/article/20130221/OPINION/302210023/Obama-s-immigration-plan-may-decoy-http://www.clarionledger.com/article/20130221/OPINION/302210023/Obama-s-immigration-plan-may-decoy, accessed 2-21-13 Bosley)
Republicans spent the weekend trumpeting shock and outrage over President Obama’s leaked "backup plan
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themselves have sponsored in the past — if Obama is now proposing them. Obama already committed to a Mission to Mars
Mailk, 2012
(Tariq, http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/08/06/president-barack-obama-hails-nasa-mars-rover-landing/)MKD-http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/08/06/president-barack-obama-hails-nasa-mars-rover-landing/)MKD President Obama has challenged NASA to aim for a human mission to Mars in the 2030s after sending astronauts to visit an asteroid in 2025. To that end, NASA is developing new deep space vehicles as part of that effort, but the space agency is also facing proposed budget cuts to its planetary exploration program — and particularly future unmanned Mars projects.
’Tonight, on planet Mars, the United States of America made history.’
- President Barack Obama
The success of the Curiosity rover on Mars, however, could potentially help win support for future missions. NASA launched the rover in November 2011. Their internal link ev says that immigration reform is an independent issue and nothing will affect it—disproves spillover from PC
Atlantic 2/21
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/02/theres-reason-to-be-optimistic-about-congress-seriously/273393/-http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/02/theres-reason-to-be-optimistic-about-congress-seriously/273393/
What eventually passes and what doesn’t will come down to the individual pieces of legislation
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strengthening background checks — not to mention a grand bargain on deficit reduction. Mars col is bipartisan
Foust, 1/10
(Jeff, aerospace analyst, journalist and publisher. He is the editor and publisher of The Space Review and has written for Astronomy Now and The New Atlantis, "A tale of two congresspeople", 1/10, www.spacepolitics.com/2013/01/10/a-tale-of-two-congresspeople/-http://www.spacepolitics.com/2013/01/10/a-tale-of-two-congresspeople/) NL
On Wednesday evening, the American Astronomical Society (AAS) hosted a "Space
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I think that they would definitely be enthusiastic about funding for space exploration." Prizes popular AWST March 2013 (Aviation Weekly and Space Technology) "Government, Industry Look To Prizes To Spur Innovation " http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_03_04_2013_p48-553512.xml%26p=4-http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_03_04_2013_p48-553512.xml%26p=4 Whether it is government budgets or corporate profits, when money gets tight in a
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the sponsor, with the combined investment by competitors far exceeding the prize purse |
