Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

GSU 1AC

Inherency

The Department of Defense has already tested small modular reactors for operational feasibility – all that’s needed is investment

Andres and Breetz ’11 (Richard B and Hanna L, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Doctoral Candidate in Political Science at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Institute for National Strategic Studies, February, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf-http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf)

In recent years, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
AND
it particularly well suited to taking a leading role in testing small reactors.

Funding for SMRs now, but these efforts aren’t enough to make them viable

McMahon ’12 (Jeff, Forbes, "Small Modular Nuclear Reactors By 2022 — But No Market For Them," 5/23, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2012/05/23/small-modular-reactors-by-2022-but-no-market-for-them/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2012/05/23/small-modular-reactors-by-2022-but-no-market-for-them/)

The Department of Energy will spend %24452 million—with a match from industry
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economics don’t work in the favor of SMRs," according to the summary.

Plan Text

The United States Department of Defense should issue licensing contracts for the procurement of small modular reactors on its military bases.

Advantage 1

Nuclear renaissance now – just a question of whether it includes SMRs or not.

Worthington ’12 (David, Smart Planet, "The U.S. Nuclear Renaissance Has Begun," 2/9, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/the-us-nuclear-renaissance-has-begun/13058-http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/the-us-nuclear-renaissance-has-begun/13058)

There are cooling towers on the horizon in the United States. The nuclear renaissance
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recently certified a Westinghouse SMR design that is based upon the AP 1000.

This puts NPT credibility on the brink

Florini and Sovacool ’11 (Ann and Benjamin K, Professor and director of the Centre on Asia and Globalization at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, Assistant professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (Global Governance 17 (2011), 57–74))

Nuclear Energy and Nonproliferation An extensive literature already exists assessing this most developed of inter
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have Iran’s and North Korea’s defiance of their treaty obligations to the IAEA.

SMRs are the most prolif-resistant reactor type. If the US doesn’t act, other countries will fill the gap with inferior designs.

Loudermilk ’11 (Micah J, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, May 31 http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375)

Combating proliferation with US leadership   Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the scattering
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reactors are mitigated and concerns over the widespread distribution of nuclear fuel allayed.

DoD action on SMRs revitalizes US prolif leadership and control of international nuclear supply chains.

Loudermilk ’11 (Micah J, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, http://csis.org/blog/defense-small-reactors-response)

Smith’s final contention takes issue with the argument that DOD needs to operate as a
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are ultimately tangible and real enough to make serious discussion and pursuit worthwhile.

US control of nuclear supply chains through nuclear leadership makes international prolif impossible.

Bengelsdorf ’07 (Harold, Consultant and former director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs, May, http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/COUNCIL_WHITE_PAPER_Final.pdf)

The U.S. has and should continue to be able to influence the
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it has    been in helping to ensure a rigorous system of export controls.

====Shoring up the Article IV norms of the NPT through nuclear leadership makes the NPT effective.====
Arizona State Law Review ’09 (Anonymous Law Student (41 Ariz. St. L.J. 315, Spring)

Connected to these other checks against proliferation, the United States could use its domestic
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not expected to reduce military power without a corresponding increase in economic power.

Prolif causes nuclear war from pre-emptive strikes and terrorism – stats go aff

-States would believe they should strike first
-Use it or lose it pressures
-Reciprocal fear of surprise attack
-Assumes all nuclear states are rational leaders
-Nuclear coercion -> credibility gap that results in hair trigger crises.
-Nuclear terror
-Kills heg
-Countries will engage in preventative strikes and new nuclear states will be more aggressive
-Causes allied prolif
-Prolif is too fast
Kroenig ’12 (Matthew, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182%26tid=30)

Why Nuclear Proliferation Is a Problem  The spread of nuclear weapons poses a number of
AND
weapons is bad to the position that it is either good or irrelevant.  

Advantage 2

DoD installations at risk now – unreliable grid and extended supply lines threaten operations – SMR’s would island bases deterring grid attacks and creating self-sufficiency.

Andres and Breetz ’11 (Richard B and Hanna L, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Doctoral Candidate in Political Science at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Institute for National Strategic Studies, February, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf-http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf)

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability
AND
the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.

Supply lines are vulnerable now – Mobile, reliable energy is crucial to operational effectiveness.

Schaffer and Chang ’09 (Marvin and Ike, Adjunct staff Member at the RAND Corporation and Independent consultant. http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/images/jfq-52/11.pdf)

In this article, we introduce the concept of survivable, non–fossil fuel
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study, planning,   and early action to resolve this dilemma are   warranted.

This allows the military to manage conflicts globally.

Pfeffer and Macon Jr. ’01 (Robert A and William A, Physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency in Springfield, Virginia and Project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm)

Today, the military faces several post-Cold War realities. First, the
AND
programs to develop modern nuclear power sources for use in the 21st century.

Regional and irregular conflicts that result in US intervention are inevitable.

Robert Tomes 12, Adjunct Professor of Security Policy Studies at The George Washington University and serves on the board of the Council for Emerging National Security Affairs (CENSA). http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/defense-strategy-and-military-planning-for-an-era-of-persistent-conflict

Revisiting the Era of Persistent Conflict¶ For some observers, Arab Spring is a
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of persistent conflict" is an apt description of the current security climate.

Managing these will be necessary for great power peace – regional escalation is how the next World War will start.

Bosco ’06 (David, Senior Editor — Foreign Policy, LA Times, 7-23)

The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global conflagration is etched into the
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-long Cold War, what has the world learned about managing conflict? 

American military dominance is key to hegemony and independently solves extinction.

Barnett ’11 (Thomas P.M., Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis %26 Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, 3-7, "The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads," http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads)

It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of
AND
the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding. 

Hegemonic decline triggers instability in every global hotspot and solvency for global issues — no one can fill in.

Brzezinski ’12 (Zbigniew, National security advisor under U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Jan/Feb, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,1)

Not so long ago, a high-ranking Chinese official, who obviously had
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policy — or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Solvency

DoD use of SMR’s overcomes every existing barrier to production and ensures US nuclear primacy.

Andres and Breetz ’11 (Richard B and Hanna L, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Doctoral Candidate in Political Science at MIT, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications," Institute for National Strategic Studies, February, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf-http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf)

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—
AND
will dictate standards on nuclear reactor reliability, performance, and proliferation resistance.

DoD as a first mover overcomes any reason why nuclear expansion can’t happen.

Loudermilk ’11 (Micah J, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, May 31 http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375)

Path forward: Department of Defense as first-mover   Problematically, despite the immense
AND
advance the technology broadly and eventually lead to their wide-scale adoption.

Targeted DoD incentives are comparatively more successful than subsidies and avoid picking winners

Hayward et al ’10 (Steven F is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, Mark Muro is a Senior Fellow in the Metropolitan Policy Program at the Brookings Institute, Ted Norhaus and Michael Shellenberger are Cofounders of the Breakthrough Institute, "HOW A LIMITED AND DIRECT APPROACH TO ENERGY INNOVATION CAN DELIVER CLEAN, CHEAP ENERGY, ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY AND NATIONAL PROSPERITY," October, http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Post-Partisan%20Power.pdf-http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Post-Partisan Power.pdf)

The government has a long history of successfully driving innovation and price declines in emerging
AND
rate at which early-stage clean and affordable energy technologies are commercialized.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Inherency

The Department of Defense has already tested SMRs—only need investment

Andres and Breetz ’11 (Richard B and Hanna L, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Doctoral Candidate in Political Science at MIT, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” Institute for National Strategic Studies, February, http:~/~/www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/pdf)

In recent years, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)

AND

it particularly well suited to taking a leading role in testing small reactors.

Funding now, but not enough to make them viable

McMahon ’12 (Jeff, Forbes, “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors By 2022 -- But No Market For Them,” 5/23, http:~/~/www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2012/05/23/small-modular-reactors-by-2022-but-no-market-for-them/http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2012/05/23/small-modular-reactors-by-2022-but-no-market-for-them/)

The Department of Energy will spend $452 million—with a match from industry

AND

economics don’t work in the favor of SMRs,” according to the summary.

Plan Text

The United States federal government should issue licensing contracts for the procurement of small modular reactors on its military bases.

Advantage 1

Advantage 1- Nuclear renaissance

DOD action on SMRs revitalizes prolif leadership and control of supply chains

Loudermilk ‘11 (Micah J, Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, http://csis.org/blog/defense-small-reactors-response)

Smith’s final contention takes issue with the argument that DOD needs to operate as a

AND

are ultimately tangible and real enough to make serious discussion and pursuit worthwhile.

US action on SMR’s sets a safe model for international development.

Ferguson 10—President of the Federation of American Scientists.  Adjunct Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and an Adjunct Lecturer in the National Security Studies Program at the Johns Hopkins University.  (Charles, Testimony before the  House Committee on Science and Technology for the hearing on Charting the Course for American Nuclear Technology: Evaluating the Department of Energy’s Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap, http://gop.science.house.gov/Media/hearings/full10/may19/Ferguson.pdf)

Given the differences in design philosophy among these vendors and the fact that none of

AND

considers all aspects of manufacturing, transportation, operation, and ultimate disposal.” 

That’s crucial to US influence on global fuel cycles.

Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. Miller 12, US Senator and Co-chair, BPC Nuclear Initiative Former Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, U.S. Department of Energy http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf

Strategic Goal: Continued strong U.S. leadership in global nuclear security   matters

AND

, the United States has a critical commercial and advisory role to play.

A global nuclear renaissance will cause prolif cascades now.

Ebinger and Banks 11 Charles K Ebinger is a senior fellow and director of the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution and John P. Banks is a nonresident fellow with the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institutionhttp://www.brookings.edu/~/media/press/books/2011/10/businessandnonproliferation/businessandnonproliferation_chapter.pdf

Currently, 440 reactors with a total capacity of 375 gigawatts (GWe) are

AND

attain regional predominance, international standing, or the capabilities of regional rivals.

These will be latent prolif – undermines deterrence and ensures nuclear war.

Henry Sokolski 9, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 6/1/2009, Avoiding a Nuclear Crowd, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/5534

Finally, several new nuclear weapons contenders are also likely to emerge in the next

AND

, would ever want. None of this, however, is inevitable.

Prolif causes pre-emptive strikes, terror and nuclear war—stats go aff

-States would believe they should strike first

-Use it or lose it pressures

-Reciprocal fear of surprise attack

-Assumes all nuclear states are rational leaders

-Nuclear coercion - credibility gap that results in hair trigger crises.

-Nuclear terror

-Kills heg

-Countries will engage in preventative strikes and new nuclear states will be more aggressive

-Causes allied prolif

-Prolif is too fast

Kroenig ‘12 (Matthew, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182andtid=30)

Why Nuclear Proliferation Is a Problem  The spread of nuclear weapons poses a number of

AND

weapons is bad to the position that it is either good or irrelevant. 

SMRs are the most prolif-resistant—if the US doesn’t act others will fill the gap with worse designs

Loudermilk ‘11 (Micah J, Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, May 31 http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375)

Combating proliferation with US leadership   Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the scattering

AND

reactors are mitigated and concerns over the widespread distribution of nuclear fuel allayed.

Advantage 2

Advantage 2- Islanding

DOD installations at risk—grid vulnerabilities and supply lines threaten operations. SMR’s would island bases deterring attacks and creating self-sufficiency

Andres and Breetz ’11 (Richard B and Hanna L, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Doctoral Candidate in Political Science at MIT, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” Institute for National Strategic Studies, February, http:~/~/www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/pdf)

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability

AND

the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.

This allows global conflict management

Pfeffer and Macon Jr. ‘01 (Robert A and William A, Physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency in Springfield, Virginia and Project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm)

Today, the military faces several post-Cold War realities. First, the

AND

programs to develop modern nuclear power sources for use in the 21st century.

Successful military operations are a conflict dampener – deters rivals and prevents conflict escalation.

Michèle Flournoy and Janine Davidson 12, Co-Founder of the Center for a New American Security and former U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy and Professor at George Mason University and former U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Plans (Foreign Affairs, July/August 2012, pp. 54-63)

DURING THE Pentagon's last global posture review, in 2004, then U.S

AND

address problems at home without the need for U.S. forces.

Nuclear war.

Frederick Kagan and Michael O’Hanlon 7, Fred’s a resident scholar at AEI, Michael is a senior fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, “The Case for Larger Ground Forces”, April, http:~/~/www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_pdf

We live at a time when wars not only rage in nearly every region but

AND

Such a measure is not only prudent, it is also badly overdue.

Regional and irregular conflicts are inevitable and result in US intervention

Robert Tomes 12, Adjunct Professor of Security Policy Studies at The George Washington University and serves on the board of the Council for Emerging National Security Affairs (CENSA). http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/defense-strategy-and-military-planning-for-an-era-of-persistent-conflict

Revisiting the Era of Persistent Conflict¶ For some observers, Arab Spring is a

AND

of persistent conflict” is an apt description of the current security climate.

American military dominance is key to hegemony and independently solves extinction.

Barnett ‘11 (Thomas P.M., Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, 3-7, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads)

It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of

AND

the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.

Hegemonic decline triggers instability in every global hotspot and solvency for global issues -- no one can fill in.

Brzezinski ‘12 (Zbigniew, National security advisor under U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Jan/Feb, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,1)

Not so long ago, a high-ranking Chinese official, who obviously had

AND

policy -- or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Solvency

DOD use of SMR’s overcomes every existing barrier to production and ensures US nuclear primacy.

Andres and Breetz ’11 (Richard B and Hanna L, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Doctoral Candidate in Political Science at MIT, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” Institute for National Strategic Studies, February, http:~/~/www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/pdf(%%))

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—

AND

will dictate standards on nuclear reactor reliability, performance, and proliferation resistance.

Targeted DoD incentives are comparatively more successful than subsidies and avoid picking winners

Hayward et al ’10 (Steven F is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, Mark Muro is a Senior Fellow in the Metropolitan Policy Program at the Brookings Institute, Ted Norhaus and Michael Shellenberger are Cofounders of the Breakthrough Institute, “HOW A LIMITED AND DIRECT APPROACH TO ENERGY INNOVATION CAN DELIVER CLEAN, CHEAP ENERGY, ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY AND NATIONAL PROSPERITY,” October, http:~/~/thebreakthrough.org/blog/Post-Partisan%20Power.pdf)

The government has a long history of successfully driving innovation and price declines in emerging

AND

rate at which early-stage clean and affordable energy technologies are commercialized.

DOD as a first mover overcomes barriers to expansion.

Loudermilk ‘11 (Micah J, Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, May 31 http:~/~/www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375url:http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375)

Path forward: Department of Defense as first-mover   Problematically, despite the immense

AND

advance the technology broadly and eventually lead to their wide-scale adoption.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A2 T-Incentives

1. We meet – procurement is an incentive
   Bjornstad et al, 97 - The Joint Institute for Energy and Environment  (David, “Risk Reduction
   and the Privatization Option:  First Principles,” 9/22, http://isse.utk.edu/pdf/jieepubs/privatfull.pdf)
   Note: EM=Office of Environmental Management in the DOE

II.3 Incentives The term incentives also is given meaning through common usage,
AND
competently without considering the other will fail to obtain the best possible price.
2. Counter-interpretation – Energy production incentives include military procurement and three other things
FITZPATRICK, 85 - ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR CONSERVATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (Donna, HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY CONSERVATION AND POWER OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, “RENEWABLE ENERGY INCENTIVES,” 6/20, Congressional Universe (full pdf download)) 

In addition, various Federal incentives for energy conservation and renewable energy have played a
AND
and technical and institutional support to government agencies, utilities and professional societies.
Case list solves your offense – it’s a predictable list for negative preparation and research.
Military energy discussions are good – procurement is the only mechanism for understanding the world’s largest energy consumer
Context outweighs – evidence that describes DoD consumption as energy production proves that the lit base on our aff is stable
Generics check – arguments like the World Bank counterplan and cap k check any limits or ground arguments, the neg will always be prepared to debate.
Reasonability—Good is good enough—our interpretation provides predictable limits and fair ground, satisfying the purpose of T as a voter.
A2 T-Substantial

1. We meet – we substantially increase incentives for production by the required percentage.
   DoD uses more energy than any other customer in the world.
   Michael J. Hornitschek ‘06, Lt Col, USAF (http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cst/csat56.pdf)

Although the DoD uses only approximately 1.5 percent of the 20    million barrels of oil consumed each day in the U.S., it is the largest single    institutional energy customer in the United States and likely the world. 5
2. Counter-interpretation – substantially means materially or essentially.

Words and Phrases ’02 (Words and Phrases Permanent Edition, “Substantial,” Volume 40A, p. 448-486 October 2002, Thomson West)

M.D.Tenn. 1941. Word “substantial” means in substance or in a substantial manner, materially, or essentially. – Newark Stove Co. v. Gray and Dudley Co., 39 F.Supp. 992.
3. Additionally, substantially must be evaluated within the context of the plan.

Words and Phrases ’02 (Words and Phrases Permanent Edition, “Substantial,” Volume 40A, p. 448-486 October 2002, Thomson West)

Cust and Pat.Ap. 1946. The word “substantially” in claim of application for patent for a mine ventilator for a motor and switch in a substantially complete enclosure did not mean the same word as “essentially”, but was a relative term to be interpreted in accordance with context.
4. Their interpretation is arbitrary – neg teams can just find a definition for any percentage that happens to exclude the aff.
5. We preserve predictability – all topic literature is about whether certain changes will be made to incentives, not about how much of a percentage increase will ensue.
6. They kill aff ground – reforming existing policies is not topical under their interpretation because that requires a qualitative, legal change.
7. Percentage tests are arbitrary, and courts have abandoned them because they obscure complex issues in favor of numbers.

Kindell and Reilly, '97
(EO CPE Lobbyist, ftp://66.77.65.232/pub/irs-tege/eotopicp97.pdf)
Most cases have either tended to avoid any attempt at percentage measurement of activities or
AND
complexity of balancing the organization’s activities in relation to its objectives and circumstances.”
8. Generics check – arguments like the World Bank counterplan and cap k check any limits or ground arguments, the neg will always be prepared to debate.
9. Reasonability—
(a) Good is good enough—our interpretation provides predictable limits and fair ground, satisfying the purpose of T as a voter. 

A2- QER CP
Perm – Do Both
Won’t pass - QER recommendations will be voted down in congress – legislation needed

Tollefson -11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011, http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html)

The US Department of Energy (DOE) released its inaugural Quadrennial Technology Review on
AND
the danger of long-term thinking that is not backed by legislation.
Links to Politics – President will take the lead – Congress will be involved

PCAST 10 – the group that made up the QER (Co-Chair, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 10 N OV E M B E R 2 0 10, R EPORT TO THE PR ESIDENT ON ACCELER ATING THE PACE OF CH ANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGR ATED FEDER AL ENERGY POLICY, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf)

Our most important recommendation is that the Administration establish a new process that can forge
AND
provide some elements of a QER during each of the next four years.
QER needs 5 years to set up to gain their benefits

PCAST 10 – the group that made up the QER (Co-Chair, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 10 N OV E M B E R 2 0 10, R EPORT TO THE PR ESIDENT ON ACCELER ATING THE PACE OF CH ANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGR ATED FEDER AL ENERGY POLICY, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf)
A complete and integrated QER will take longer to mature. While a good start
AND
the advanced energy technologies that will define a robust 21st century energy system.
Huge delays.
Ernest J. Moniz 11, Director, MIT Energy Initiative, http://mitei.mit.edu/news/quadrennial-energy-and-technology-reviews

S.1703 would legislate the QER as a required submission to the Congress,
AND
of analytical capabilities and process development are funded and pursued aggressively in 2012.
Perm – do the CP
A2 Funding CP
Perm – Do the CP
CP is normal means – that’s how bidding proecssw works
No impact – Congress would fund neglected programs
Kristine Blackwell Lt Colonel USAF 2007 June 15 The Department of Defense: Reducing Its Reliance on Fossil-Based Aviation Fuel – Issues for Congress http://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34062.pdf.

If DOD chooses not to allocate funding to energy-related research, Congress may
AND
testing, qualification, and procurement of synthetic jet aviation fuel from coal.
Only Congress solves leadership.
Fertel 5 Marvin Fertel - Senior Vice President and Chief Nuclear Officer Nuclear Energy Institute “Nuclear Power's Place In A National Energy Policy,” April 28th, 2005, Lexis (CQ Congressional Testimony), Chetan 

Industry and government will be prepared to meet the demand for new emission-free
AND
in nuclear technology development and its influence over important diplomatic initiatives like nonproliferation.
PICS bad
Ground
Inf reg
Voting issue
Perm – Do Both

A2 Trade-Off
Not a problem for the military.
Greg Pollowitz ‘08, http://www.nationalreview.com/planet-gore/17523/go-navy-go-nuclear/greg-pollowitz
I came across this interesting bit of news the other day:  “Nellis Air
AND
having the nation’s most competent nuclear operators in charge of the entire program.
No link – normal means is military engineers – they build the reactors
Nuclear engineering up – labor forces will be met.
NEI ‘09, Nuclear Energy Institute, Sept, http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/publicationsandmedia/insight/insight-web-extra/as-nuclear-education-jumps-new-federal-grants-kick-in

In an unmistakable sign that the nuclear renaissance is being taken seriously by a new
AND
grants to 29 U.S. universities and colleges in 23 states.
Resurgent industry attracts new workers – construction fills the gap.
NEI ‘07, Nuclear Energy Institute, http://www.nei.org/newsandevents/newsreleases/berrigansenaterelease/

Prospects for construction of more than 30 new nuclear power plants over the next 15
AND
construction with peak employment of up to 71,300,” Berrigan said.
No extinction – lethal pathogens won’t spread.

Posner ’04 (Richard, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Chicago, “Catastrophe: Risk and Response,” pages 23-24)

Yet the fact that Homo sapiens has managed to survive every disease to assail it
AND
wider human contacts that make it more difficult to localize an infectious disease.

Elections
Nothing will change
Washington Post 10/4 (http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/obama-lost-the-first-debate-but-he-will-still-win-the-election/2012/10/04/9c3b7eb8-0deb-11e2-bd1a-b868e65d57eb_blog.html)

If Romney would have to pull off a miracle to close the gap in national
AND
Romney, the path the race is stuck on ends with his defeat.
Jobs report outweighs
Reuters 10/4/12 (http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/04/us-usa-campaign-unemployment-idUSBRE8931HV20121004)

(Reuters) - President Barack Obama has survived months of lackluster reports on the
AND
another dose of bad news when the September jobs report is released tomorrow."
NRC licenses coming now before the election.
Peters 12, http://www.fas.org/blog/pir/2012/06/25/the-future-of-nuclear-energy/
Although the power of the “peaceful atom” was initially welcomed as a generation
AND
and operating license for the new reactors by the end of this year.)
Neither side will campaign on plan.
Elsa Wood 9/13/12, http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/13/what-obama-and-romney-dont-say-about-energy/

Fossil fuels and renewable energy have become touchy topics in this election, with challenger
AND
they understand why the candidates would want to steer clear of the discussion.
Nothing swings the election.
Nate Cohn 12, Debater, July 19, http://www.tnr.com/blog/electionate/105199/no-change-after-tough-week-romney

After a week of bad news for the Romney campaign, a wave of polls
AND
it’s a sign that the Republican challenger still has a way to go.
SMRs popular—their generic links don’t apply
Covert 12 Adrian is the Editorial Assistant at Gizmodo Magazine, “The US Government Is Banking on Small Nuclear Reactors for Future Energy”, March 12, 2012, http://gizmodo.com/5890394/the-us-government-is-banking-on-small-nuclear-reactors-for-future-energy

Ever since Fukushima, nuclear power has not been a warmly-received concept when
AND
Sure they may not generate Gigawatts, but Megawatts aren't so bad either.
Nukes are popular.
Marcus King et al ‘11, Associate Research Professor of International Affairs with LaVar Huntzinger and Thoi Nguyen, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations” http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf

It is widely believed that the 1979 accident at the Three Mile Island¶ Power
AND
favor nuclear power and that 28 percent strongly favor¶ it 10.
Military use of nuclear power flips public opinion.
Scott B. Clifton ‘07, Lieutenant Colonel – Marines (http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/atomic-bases-nuclear-power-dod)

The visceral opposition to nuclear power is very similar to the opposition to any renewable
AND
prevails, no progress will be made in the realm of renewable energy.
Public support growing – concern for technical details, perceived need of emissions-free tech, and new reactor designs.
Stewart Brand 11, Environmentalist http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/03/22/nuclear_winner

I think one of the main reasons why nuclear will keep going forward is because
AND
problems," went away, but it's still part of the portfolio solution.
Link shield – SMR’s avoid the criticism of larger plants.
Gail H. Marcus 11, Independent consultant on nuclear power technology and policy, http://memagazine.asme.org/Articles/2011/December/Nuclear_Power_After_Fukushima.cfm

In the subsequent days and weeks, every country in the world with operating or
AND
so there is less material at risk in an accident involving a release.
Romney win won’t hurt relations
The Economist 9/1 (9/1/12, Romney Could Screw Up US Relations With Russia, http://www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, RBatra)

At the same time, the potential impact of a Romney presidency should not be
AND
-conservativism, populist isolationism, realism, liberal internationalism) is unclear.
no Russia war.
-Politics -Military Superiority -Economic Concerns -Nuclear Security
Graham, ‘7 Thomas Graham, senior advisor on Russia in the US National Security Council staff 2002-2007, September 2007, "Russia in Global Affairs” July - September 2007, The Dialectics of Strength and Weakness
An astute historian of Russia, Martin Malia, wrote several years ago that “
AND
while laying the basis for more constructive long-term relations with Russia.
A2 Japan CP
Perm – Do Both
CP doesn’t solve
Forward basing
Modeling
Marine SMRs solve and make bases like Guam energy self-sufficient
Baker 12 Matthew, American Security Project Think Tank, "Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?", June 22, americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/

The Defense Energy Security Caucus (DESC) held a briefing yesterday afternoon with proposals
AND
to Congressman Bartlett, SMRs could make such bases energy self-sufficient.
The plan eases the financial burden on Japan and sends a strong signal of commitment to the buildup
Calvo 12 (Eddie Calvo, Governor of the United States territory of Guam, former Senator within the Legislature of Guam, Office of Governor Eddie Baza Calvo, 5/23/12, “NEWS: Calvo Fights for Federal Action on Guam So Buildup Can Start” http://governor.guam.gov/2012/05/23/news-calvo-fights-federal-action-guam-buildup-start/

The Governor’s main point – it’s important for leaders in Washington and Tokyo to recognize
AND
Tokyo that the U.S. government is serious about this commitment.

It’s reverse-causal – failure to relocate to Guam destroys relations
Delgado 12 (Nick Delgado, staff writer for Kuam News, Kuam News—Guam’s News Network, 6/30/12, “Guam briefing held on Capitol Hill”, http://www.kuam.com/story/18921168/guam-briefing-held-on-capitol-hill

Congresswoman Madeleine Bordallo gave brief remarks stating Guam plays pivotal roles in the  United States'
AND
a more serious impact to our critical bilateral relations with the Japan government.

Space Add-On
Aff solves within a few years
Marcus King et al ‘11, Associate Research Professor of International Affairs with LaVar Huntzinger and Thoi Nguyen, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations” http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf

There is general agreement that small light water reactors could be¶ certified, built
AND
a sense of urgency, it could be accomplished a few years sooner.
Not a problem for the military.
Greg Pollowitz ‘08, http://www.nationalreview.com/planet-gore/17523/go-navy-go-nuclear/greg-pollowitz
I came across this interesting bit of news the other day:  “Nellis Air
AND
having the nation’s most competent nuclear operators in charge of the entire program.
No supply shortages.
WN 7/27/12 http://article.wn.com/view/2012/07/27/Global_Uranium_Supply_Ensured_for_Long_Term_New_Report_Shows/

Uranium resources and production are on the rise with the security of uranium supply ensured
AND
production have also increased, leading to reductions in lower cost category resources.
SMRs solve IAEA overstretch – more efficient than large reactors
C. Scherer et al 10, Los Alamos Natl Laboratory, et al. R. Bean, Idaho Natl Laboratory, M. Mullen, Los Alamos Natl Laboratory, and G. Pshakin, State Scientific Centre of the Russian Federation-Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/SV/Safeguards/Symposium/2010/Documents/PapersRepository/164.pdf)

Abstract: Incorporating safeguards early in the design process can enhance the safeguardability of a
AND
demonstrate this safeguards-by-design concept for advanced nuclear energy systems.
SMRs solve colonization
O’Neil 11 – Ian, PhD from University of Wales, founder and editor of Astroengine, space producer for Discovery News, “'Suitcase' Nuclear Reactors to Power Mars Colonies,” August 30th, http://news.discovery.com/space/mars-colonies-powered-by-mini-nuclear-reactors-110830.html

Nuclear power is an emotive subject -- particularly in the wake of the Fukushima power
AND
versatile and affordable power resources to support manned exploration of the solar system.
Extinction
Austen 11 | Citing the Lifeboat Foundation and the Alliance to Rescue Civilization (Ben, contributing editor of Harper’s Magazine, “After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet,” popular science, http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet?page=3)

Earth won’t always be fit for occupation. We know that in two billion years
AND
will be more human beings who live off the Earth than on it.”
Water Wars Add-On
DOD nuclear reactors prevent water wars globally.
Robert A. Pfeffer and William A. Macon, Jr. ‘01, Physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency in Springfield, Virginia and Project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm

The demand for desalination of seawater also is likely to grow as inadequate freshwater supplies
AND
indigenous populations, and to U.S. deployed forces if necessary.
Those go nuclear.
Weiner ‘90 (Jonathan – prof at Princeton, The Next 100 Years, p. 270)

If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H-
AND
at the 60.000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A2- NRC
NRC licensing now – this postdates
Jayne Lyn Stahl 12, Poet, Essayist, Playwright, Screenwriter, 2/14, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jayne-lyn-stahl/nuclear-renaissance-nrc-l_b_1277823.html

Here we are almost a year away from the nuclear meltdown in Fukushima that happened
AND
students, and those who depend upon government-subsidized health care programs.
NRC licensing streamlined now.
Peter D’Ambrosio and Kevin O’Brien 9 Partner, Winston and Strawn LLP Washington, D.C. Partner, Howrey LLP Washington, D.C. http://www.winston.com/siteFiles/Publications/Nuclear_Power_Projects_D'Ambrosio_Article.pdf

Under the design certification process, the NRC certifies standard plant designs, independent of
AND
but should also improve cost efficiencies over the short and long-term.

Elections 

Create no-doubt win for Romney
American Thinker 10/4/12 (http://www.americanthinker.com/2012/10/romneys_going_to_win.html)

Obama is toast, so Mr. Romney, sir, let me be the
AND
sense that he's losing badly.  And the pollsters and media know that.
It’s decisive—captures 17% of soft vote
Seattle Times 10/4/12 (http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2019346481_campaign05.html)

In the coming days, the Republican nominee will try to capitalize on his well
AND
group is generally less informed than the average voter and more moderate politically.

Polls

Polls aren’t a good measure—too open to sampling bias and skewed
Don’t even need polls—best forecast models prove
Anas, 10/4 (CU-Boulder prof's updated forecast still gives win to Mitt Romney Analysis updated with more current economic data shows win for GOP By Brittany Anas, Camera Staff Writer Posted:   10/04/2012 )
With the presidential election a little more than a month away, political science professors
AND
should expect to see more activity from both the Obama and Romney campaigns.

Voter turn out hides Romney lead until the finish line
Daily Caller 10/2/12(http://dailycaller.com/2012/10/02/romney-can-win/)

The media have declared the presidential race over. That’s not surprising. What’s striking
AND
when you try, even if they disagree with some of your positions.

If polls matter, the newest ones vote aff
Examiner 10/4/12 (http://www.examiner.com/article/mitt-romney-likely-victory-indicated-by-qstarnews-swing-state-poll)

The QStarNews poll of swing states released today shows President Obama leading 49.61
AND
the samples are fairly small, and have fairly high margins of error.

A2- Link

SMRs popular—

Cradle to grave solves public concerns
Covert 12 Adrian is the Editorial Assistant at Gizmodo Magazine, “The US Government Is Banking on Small Nuclear Reactors for Future Energy”, March 12, 2012, http://gizmodo.com/5890394/the-us-government-is-banking-on-small-nuclear-reactors-for-future-energy

Ever since Fukushima, nuclear power has not been a warmly-received concept when
AND
Sure they may not generate Gigawatts, but Megawatts aren't so bad either.

People are just happy they aren’t large plants
Gail H. Marcus 11, Independent consultant on nuclear power technology and policy, http://memagazine.asme.org/Articles/2011/December/Nuclear_Power_After_Fukushima.cfm

In the subsequent days and weeks, every country in the world with operating or
AND
so there is less material at risk in an accident involving a release.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A2 T-Incentives

1.      We meet – procurement is an incentive
 Bjornstad et al, 97 - The Joint Institute for Energy and Environment  (David, “Risk Reduction
 and the Privatization Option:  First Principles,” 9/22, http:~/~/isse.utk.edu/pdf/jieepubs/privatfull.pdf)http://isse.utk.edu/pdf/jieepubs/privatfull.pdf)(% style="font-family:"inherit","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %)
 Note: EM=Office of Environmental Management in the DOE

II.3 Incentives The term incentives also is given meaning through common usage,
 AND
 competently without considering the other will fail to obtain the best possible price.
 2. Counter-interpretation – Energy production incentives include military procurement and three other things
 FITZPATRICK, 85 - ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR CONSERVATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (Donna, HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY CONSERVATION AND POWER OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, “RENEWABLE ENERGY INCENTIVES,” 6/20, Congressional Universe (full pdf download)) 

In addition, various Federal incentives for energy conservation and renewable energy have played a
 AND
 and technical and institutional support to government agencies, utilities and professional societies.
 Case list solves your offense – it’s a predictable list for negative preparation and research.
 Military energy discussions are good – procurement is the only mechanism for understanding the world’s largest energy consumer
 Context outweighs – evidence that describes DoD consumption as energy production proves that the lit base on our aff is stable
 Generics check – arguments like the World Bank counterplan and cap k check any limits or ground arguments, the neg will always be prepared to debate.
 Reasonability—Good is good enough—our interpretation provides predictable limits and fair ground, satisfying the purpose of T as a voter.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A2 T-Substantial

1.      We meet – we substantially increase incentives for production by the required percentage.
 DoD uses more energy than any other customer in the world.
 Michael J. Hornitschek ‘06, Lt Col, USAF (http:~/~/www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cst/csat56.pdf)http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cst/csat56.pdf)

Although the DoD uses only approximately 1.5 percent of the 20    million barrels of oil consumed each day in the U.S., it is the largest single    institutional energy customer in the United States and likely the world. 5
 2. Counter-interpretation – substantially means materially or essentially.

Words and Phrases ’02 (Words and Phrases Permanent Edition, “Substantial,” Volume 40A, p. 448-486 October 2002, Thomson West)

M.D.Tenn. 1941. Word “substantial” means in substance or in a substantial manner, materially, or essentially. – Newark Stove Co. v. Gray and Dudley Co., 39 F.Supp. 992.
 3. Additionally, substantially must be evaluated within the context of the plan.

Words and Phrases ’02 (Words and Phrases Permanent Edition, “Substantial,” Volume 40A, p. 448-486 October 2002, Thomson West)

Cust and Pat.Ap. 1946. The word “substantially” in claim of application for patent for a mine ventilator for a motor and switch in a substantially complete enclosure did not mean the same word as “essentially”, but was a relative term to be interpreted in accordance with context.
 4. Their interpretation is arbitrary – neg teams can just find a definition for any percentage that happens to exclude the aff.
 5. We preserve predictability – all topic literature is about whether certain changes will be made to incentives, not about how much of a percentage increase will ensue.
 6. They kill aff ground – reforming existing policies is not topical under their interpretation because that requires a qualitative, legal change.
 7. Percentage tests are arbitrary, and courts have abandoned them because they obscure complex issues in favor of numbers.

Kindell and Reilly, '97
 (EO CPE Lobbyist, ftp:~/~/66.77.65.232/pub/irs-tege/eotopicp97.pdf)ftp://66.77.65.232/pub/irs-tege/eotopicp97.pdf)(% style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %)
 Most cases have either tended to avoid any attempt at percentage measurement of activities or
 AND
 complexity of balancing the organization’s activities in relation to its objectives and circumstances.”
 8. Generics check – arguments like the World Bank counterplan and cap k check any limits or ground arguments, the neg will always be prepared to debate.
 9. Reasonability—
 (a) Good is good enough—our interpretation provides predictable limits and fair ground, satisfying the purpose of T as a voter. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A2- QER CP
 Perm – Do Both
 Won’t pass - QER recommendations will be voted down in congress – legislation needed

Tollefson -11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011,http:~/~/blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html)http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html)

The US Department of Energy (DOE) released its inaugural Quadrennial Technology Review on
 AND
 the danger of long-term thinking that is not backed by legislation.
 Links to Politics – President will take the lead – Congress will be involved

PCAST 10 – the group that made up the QER (Co-Chair, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 10 N OV E M B E R 2 0 10, R EPORT TO THE PR ESIDENT ON ACCELER ATING THE PACE OF CH ANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGR ATED FEDER AL ENERGY POLICY,http:~/~/www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf)http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf)

Our most important recommendation is that the Administration establish a new process that can forge
 AND
 provide some elements of a QER during each of the next four years.
 QER needs 5 years to set up to gain their benefits

PCAST 10 – the group that made up the QER (Co-Chair, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 10 N OV E M B E R 2 0 10, R EPORT TO THE PR ESIDENT ON ACCELER ATING THE PACE OF CH ANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGR ATED FEDER AL ENERGY POLICY,http:~/~/www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf)http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf)(% style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %)
 A complete and integrated QER will take longer to mature. While a good start
 AND
 the advanced energy technologies that will define a robust 21st century energy system.
 Huge delays.
 Ernest J. Moniz 11, Director, MIT Energy Initiative, http:~/~/mitei.mit.edu/news/edu/news/quadrennial-energy-and-technology-reviews

S.1703 would legislate the QER as a required submission to the Congress,
 AND
 of analytical capabilities and process development are funded and pursued aggressively in 2012.
 Perm – do the CP

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A2 Funding CP
 Perm – Do the CP
 CP is normal means – that’s how bidding proecssw works
 No impact – Congress would fund neglected programs
 Kristine Blackwell Lt Colonel USAF 2007 June 15 The Department of Defense: Reducing Its Reliance on Fossil-Based Aviation Fuel – Issues for Congress http:~/~/fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/Kann-Aufderheide Aff

If DOD chooses not to allocate funding to energy-related research, Congress may
 AND
 testing, qualification, and procurement of synthetic jet aviation fuel from coal.
 Only Congress solves leadership.
 Fertel 5 Marvin Fertel - Senior Vice President and Chief Nuclear Officer Nuclear Energy Institute “Nuclear Power's Place In A National Energy Policy,” April 28th, 2005, Lexis (CQ Congressional Testimony), Chetan 

Industry and government will be prepared to meet the demand for new emission-free
 AND
 in nuclear technology development and its influence over important diplomatic initiatives like nonproliferation.
 PICS bad
 Ground
 Inf reg
 Voting issue
 Perm – Do Both

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A2 Trade-Off
 Not a problem for the military.
 Greg Pollowitz ‘08, http:~/~/www.nationalreview.com/planet-gore/17523/go-navy-go-nuclear/com/planet-gore/17523/go-navy-go-nuclear/greg-pollowitz(% style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %)
 I came across this interesting bit of news the other day:  “Nellis Air
 AND
 having the nation’s most competent nuclear operators in charge of the entire program.
 No link – normal means is military engineers – they build the reactors
 Nuclear engineering up – labor forces will be met.
 NEI ‘09, Nuclear Energy Institute, Sept, http:~/~/www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/publicationsandmedia/insight/insight-web-extra/org/resourcesandstats/publicationsandmedia/insight/insight-web-extra/as-nuclear-education-jumps-new-federal-grants-kick-in

In an unmistakable sign that the nuclear renaissance is being taken seriously by a new
 AND
 grants to 29 U.S. universities and colleges in 23 states.
 Resurgent industry attracts new workers – construction fills the gap.
 NEI ‘07, Nuclear Energy Institute, http:~/~/www.nei.org/newsandevents/newsreleases/berrigansenaterelease/http://www.nei.org/newsandevents/newsreleases/berrigansenaterelease/

Prospects for construction of more than 30 new nuclear power plants over the next 15
 AND
 construction with peak employment of up to 71,300,” Berrigan said.
 No extinction – lethal pathogens won’t spread.

Posner ’04 (Richard, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Chicago, “Catastrophe: Risk and Response,” pages 23-24)

Yet the fact that Homo sapiens has managed to survive every disease to assail it
 AND
 wider human contacts that make it more difficult to localize an infectious disease.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A2 Japan CP
 Perm – Do Both
 CP doesn’t solve
 Forward basing
 Modeling
 Marine SMRs solve and make bases like Guam energy self-sufficient
 Baker 12 Matthew, American Security Project Think Tank, "Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?", June 22, americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/

The Defense Energy Security Caucus (DESC) held a briefing yesterday afternoon with proposals
 AND
 to Congressman Bartlett, SMRs could make such bases energy self-sufficient.
 The plan eases the financial burden on Japan and sends a strong signal of commitment to the buildup
 Calvo 12 (Eddie Calvo, Governor of the United States territory of Guam, former Senator within the Legislature of Guam, Office of Governor Eddie Baza Calvo, 5/23/12, “NEWS: Calvo Fights for Federal Action on Guam So Buildup Can Start”http:~/~/governor.guam.gov/2012/05/23/news-calvo-fights-federal-action-guam-buildup-start/http://governor.guam.gov/2012/05/23/news-calvo-fights-federal-action-guam-buildup-start/

The Governor’s main point – it’s important for leaders in Washington and Tokyo to recognize
 AND
 Tokyo that the U.S. government is serious about this commitment.

It’s reverse-causal – failure to relocate to Guam destroys relations
 Delgado 12 (Nick Delgado, staff writer for Kuam News, Kuam News—Guam’s News Network, 6/30/12, “Guam briefing held on Capitol Hill”, http:~/~/www.kuam.com/story/18921168/com/story/18921168/guam-briefing-held-on-capitol-hill

Congresswoman Madeleine Bordallo gave brief remarks stating Guam plays pivotal roles in the  United States'
 AND
 a more serious impact to our critical bilateral relations with the Japan government.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Space Add-On
 Aff solves within a few years
 Marcus King et al ‘11, Associate Research Professor of International Affairs with LaVar Huntzinger and Thoi Nguyen, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations”http:~/~/www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf

There is general agreement that small light water reactors could be¶ certified, built
 AND
 a sense of urgency, it could be accomplished a few years sooner.
 Not a problem for the military.
 Greg Pollowitz ‘08, http:~/~/www.nationalreview.com/planet-gore/17523/go-navy-go-nuclear/com/planet-gore/17523/go-navy-go-nuclear/greg-pollowitz(% style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %)
 I came across this interesting bit of news the other day:  “Nellis Air
 AND
 having the nation’s most competent nuclear operators in charge of the entire program.
 No supply shortages.
 WN 7/27/12 http:~/~/article.wn.com/view/2012/07/27/Global_Uranium_Supply_Ensured_for_Long_Term_New_Report_Shows/http://article.wn.com/view/2012/07/27/Global_Uranium_Supply_Ensured_for_Long_Term_New_Report_Shows/

Uranium resources and production are on the rise with the security of uranium supply ensured
 AND
 production have also increased, leading to reductions in lower cost category resources.
 SMRs solve IAEA overstretch – more efficient than large reactors
 C. Scherer et al 10, Los Alamos Natl Laboratory, et al. R. Bean, Idaho Natl Laboratory, M. Mullen, Los Alamos Natl Laboratory, and G. Pshakin, State Scientific Centre of the Russian Federation-Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (http:~/~/www.iaea.org/OurWork/SV/Safeguards/Symposium/2010/Documents/PapersRepository/164.pdf)http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/SV/Safeguards/Symposium/2010/Documents/PapersRepository/164.pdf)

Abstract: Incorporating safeguards early in the design process can enhance the safeguardability of a
 AND
 demonstrate this safeguards-by-design concept for advanced nuclear energy systems.
 SMRs solve colonization
 O’Neil 11 – Ian, PhD from University of Wales, founder and editor of Astroengine, space producer for Discovery News, “'Suitcase' Nuclear Reactors to Power Mars Colonies,” August 30th, http:~/~/news.discovery.com/space/html

Nuclear power is an emotive subject -- particularly in the wake of the Fukushima power
 AND
 versatile and affordable power resources to support manned exploration of the solar system.
 Extinction
 Austen 11 | Citing the Lifeboat Foundation and the Alliance to Rescue Civilization (Ben, contributing editor of Harper’s Magazine, “After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet,” popular science,http:~/~/www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet?page=3)http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet?page=3)

Earth won’t always be fit for occupation. We know that in two billion years
 AND
 will be more human beings who live off the Earth than on it.”

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Water Wars Add-On
 DOD nuclear reactors prevent water wars globally.
 Robert A. Pfeffer and William A. Macon, Jr. ‘01, Physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency in Springfield, Virginia and Project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,http:~/~/www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/htm

The demand for desalination of seawater also is likely to grow as inadequate freshwater supplies
 AND
 indigenous populations, and to U.S. deployed forces if necessary.
 Those go nuclear.
 Weiner ‘90 (Jonathan – prof at Princeton, The Next 100 Years, p. 270)

If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H-
 AND
 at the 60.000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity.