Croat-Kann Aff

1AC- Northwestern 1.0

Adv. 1- Warming

Warming is real, anthropogenic, and causes extinction without quick action.

Jerry McNerney and Martin Cheek 12, US Representative and Journalist, Clean Energy Nation: Freeing America from the Tyranny of Fossil Fuels, p. 21-3

The scientific evidence demonstrates that global warming is a real danger that jeopardizes our planet’s
AND
energy independence in dealing with the issue of climate change in our future.

95% certainty anthropogenic warming is happening.

Nina Chestney and Alister Doyle 12/14/12, Reuters – Quoting the IPCC, http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=63076

International climate scientists are more certain than ever that humans are responsible for global warming
AND
2007 that suggested seas may rise by up to 2 metres by 2100.

Multiple scenarios for extinction.

Deibel ’7 (Terry L. Professor of IR @ National War College, 2007. "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft", Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today)

Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
AND
States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.

Only a federal feed-in tariff assures clean tech investment enough to meet 440pm targets – best studies prove.

John Lorinc 9, New York Times, 10/27, http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/climate-change-policy-and-safe-investing/

Countries that adopt policies obliging utilities to purchase a percentage of their power from renewable
AND
The technology, he said, won’t make any substantial inroads by 2020.

Our emission reduction makes adaptation work.

Romm ’10 (Joe, PhD in Physics from MIT, senior fellow at American progress, editor of Climate Progress, "Real adaptation is as politically tough as real mitigation, but much more expensive and not as effective in reducing future misery," Climate Progress, August 27, 2010, PM)

Rhetorical adaptation, however, is a political winner. Too bad it means preventable
AND
in Southwest and around the globe How exactly do you adapt to that? 

Electricity sector is key

Mormann 11 (Felix, German JD and JSD from University of Passau School of law, as well as an LMM from UC BerkeleySchool of Law and is a research Fellow at Stanford’s Steyer Center for Energy Policy and Finance, writing for Economic Law Quarterly, "Requirements for a Renewables Revolution." 05/02/11. http://www.boalt.org/elq/documents/elq38_4_03_2012_0808.pdf)

Renewable sources of energy are relevant not only to electricity generation but also to other
AND
this Article focuses on the use of renewables for the generation of electricity.

That transition gets modeled

Joseph J. Romm 10, Senior Fellow at the Centre for American Progress, Straight Up : America’s Fiercest Climate Blogger Takes on Status Quo Media, Politicians, and Clean Energy Solutions, p. 219-222

Ironically, for those who want to avoid total planetary warming of 2°C
AND
to get China and the other big emitters to formalize a binding deal.

Adv. 2- Natural Gas

Natural Gas volatility inevitable now—Decreased production

Rosenberg 12* (Bill, Co-Developer of Indiana Gasification LLC*Last Date cited July 24, 2012 "Natural Gas: Low Prices May Prove Unsustainable" http://indiana-gasification.com/natural-gas-low-prices-may-prove-unsustainable/)
The volatility and uncertainty of natural gas prices provide a fundamental rationale for diversification of
AND
long-term purchase agreement for gas produced from the coal gasification facility.

Peak Shale

Chris Nelder 12/29/2011 (Energy analyst and consultant, "What the Frack" www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/future_tense/2011/12/is_there_really_100_years_wortw_of_natural_gas_beneath_the_united_states_.html)

Assuming that the United States continues to use about 24 tcf per annum, then
AND
, yet those same advocates never adjust their years of supply estimates accordingly.

Renewables prevent natural gas lock in

Restuccia 12 (Andrew, The Hill, "Utility president warns of natural-gas price volatility" 4/26/12 http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/224035-aep-president-warns-of-natural-gas-price-volatility)
American Electric Power President Nick Akins warned Thursday against over-reliance on natural gas
AND
our generation fleet will burn coal," Akins said during his remarks Thursday. 

Fuel diversity prevents price spikes

Doran and Reed 8/13/2012 (Kevin, J.D. and  an institute fellow and assistant research professor at the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), a joint institute of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of Colorado at Boulder AND* Adam Reed J.D.,  is a research associate at RASEI, August 13th, 2012, "Natural Gas and Its RoleIn the U.S.’s Energy Endgame" e360.yale.edu/feature/natural_gas_role_in_us_energy_endgame/2561/)

A full-throttle shift to a gas-dominated electricity system, which now
AND
is more economically and environmentally sustainable. We should opt for the latter.

Scenario 1: Chemical Industry

Volatility kills US chem industry

CCES 2012 – Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, May 2012, "Natural Gas in the Industrial Sector,"http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/natural-gas-industrial-sector.pdf)

For the chemicals industry, natural gas also serves a unique function, providing a
AND
prices are relatively low, as is currently the case with natural gas.

US Critical to World Chem Industry
Heintz and Pollin 11* (James and Robert, Political Economy Research Institute, "The Economic Benefits of a Green Chemical Industry in the United States" *last date cited 2011 http://www.bluegreenalliance.org/news/publications/document/Green-Chemistry-Report_FINAL.pdf)
The value of the output of the U.S. chemical ¶ industry totaled
AND
just over 12 percent in 1989 ¶ to roughly 22 percent in 2009. 

Extinction
Baum 99 – editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society’s Chemical and Engineering News ~[Rudy M. Baum, C%26E News, "Millennium Special Report," 12-6-99, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html~~]  LDK
The pace of change in today’s world is truly incomprehensible. Science is advancing on
AND
water by the end of the 1980s or 1990s have proven utterly wrong.  
While I do not count myself as one of the technological pessimists who see technology
AND
up in real public fear of genetic manipulation and corporate control over food.

Scenario 2: Econ

Natural Gas volatility kills the economy—Kills key industries and causes energy price spikes
 Stones 9 (Edward, Director of Energy Risk Dow Chemical Company in a presentation to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, "The Role of Natural Gas in Mitigating Climate Change" 10/28/9 http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=9b7877b6-e616-76f1-3513-0c3fe4cda514)
When it comes to natural gas and climate policy, Dow favors policies that will
AND
energy costs in the US remain globally competitive and avoid economically devastating volatility. 

The US is key to the global economy

Caploe 9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery,"  http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf
IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
AND
- has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression. 

Economic stagnation leads to nuclear war.

Merlini, Senior Fellow – Brookings, 11 ~[Cesare Merlini, nonresident senior fellow
AND
-Secular World?  Survival, 53:2, 117 – 130~]
Two neatly opposed scenarios for the future of the world order illustrate the range of
AND
theocratic absolutes, competing or converging with secular absolutes such as unbridled nationalism.

Global economic crises cause war — strong statistic support

Royal, ’10 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction Program — DOD, Economics of War %26 Peace: Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith %26 Brauer, p. 213-15)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

Adv. 3- Water

Dependence on large power plants are the prime cause of water shortages

UCS, Union of Concerned Scientists, June 11 (Energy and Water at Risk, ucs.org)

ACROSS THE UNITED STATES, our demand for electricity is colliding with our need for
AND
felt by the power sector, its customers, and other water users.

Solar and wind solve – consume less water than any other energy source.

Gail Rajgor 9/19/12, Renewable Energy Focus Writer, http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/blog/2012/9/19/water-use-in-electricity-generation-the-sobering-facts-that-make-a-case-for-wind-and-solar-power/651.aspx

Water use in electricity generation: the sobering facts that make a case for wind
AND
and offshore projects, range from just 55 to 85 gallons per MWh.

Scenario 1 – Ag

Future water shortages cause global food shortages igniting every hotspot.

Jeff Horwich and Rob Bailey 12 Interim host of Marketplace Morning Report %26 Royal Institute of International Affairs, http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/us-drought-could-have-global-impact-food-prices

Bailey: Well America is an agricultural superpower as well as a traditional global superpower
AND
to rise and this could actually have implications for China, quite seriously.

Causes global war – defense is outdated.

Jane Warren 12/11/12, Daily Express – Quotes Multiple Think Tanks and International Organizations, http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/363891/Food-wars-Stocks-are-low-prices-high-are-riots-inevitable-

Her observations are borne out by the statistics. Shop food prices in the UK
AND
Abdolreza Abbassian, a senior economist with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.

Those conflicts go nuclear.

Wenyu et al, 6 ~[Xie, Prof. Phil. @ Shandong U., Zhihe Wang, Prof. @ School of Phil. And Soc. Sci. @ Beijing Normal U., and George E. Derfer, School of Philosophy and the Social Sciences, and George E. Derfer, Prof. Emeritus @ Cal. Poly. Pomona, "Whitehead and China: Relevance and Relationship", p. 28, Google Print~]
The threats posed by war, imperialism, nuclear weapons, and terrorism are,
AND
with hatred of imperialism combined with nuclearism makes for a very volatile mixture. 

Scenario 2 – Biodiversity

Energy water shortages deplete the Ogallala.

UCS, Union of Concerned Scientists, June 11 (Energy and Water at Risk, ucs.org)

A matter of time. The high-stakes competition for access to groundwater among
AND
century18), demand for both water and energy in the region may increase.

Ogallala depletion causes extinction from biodiversity loss.

ENS Quoting Ehrlich 97 (Paul Ehrlich is a bit of a hippy at Stanford University, Environmental News Service, http://news.stanford.edu/pr/97/970207ehrlich.html)

Ehrlich coined the term "brownlash" to describe the efforts of those trying to
AND
implementing steps to sustain its life-support systems and thus preserve civilization.

Plan

The United States federal Government should establish a renewable energy payment program that creates long-term purchase contracts for new qualifying facilities in the United States that use wind or solar power for energy production to ensure a reasonable rate of return.

Solvency

Only a federal feed-in tariff causes a clean energy transition and ends patchwork policies.

Chris Nelder 11, Columnist for SmartPlanet, 11/9, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/energy-futurist/why-america-needs-a-feed-in-tariff/174

Given the obvious success of FiTs as a policy tool in Europe, one must
AND
rest of the world pulls rapidly ahead in the race to energy transition.

Plan is simple to enforce – overcoming the unpredictability of the current patchwork of state and federal policies.

John Farrell 9, Heinrich Böll Foundation North http://www.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/files/feed-in%20tariffs%20in%20america.pdf

In the United States, renewable energy policy consists of an uncoordinated and often haphazard
AND
facility to be installed in the first place may lower long term costs.

Only a feed-in tariff expands renewables fast enough to solve our advantages.

Chad Laurent 9, Meister Consultants Group, Inc, with Wilson Rickerson %26 Hilary Flynn, http://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/FITness_Testing_Myths.pdf

The US currently generates close to nine percent of its electricity from renewable sources such
AND
argument derived from published literature and interviews with governmental representatives and industry experts.

Renewables are inevitable in the long run both domestically and internationally and ready for quick short-term expansion now – effective incentives are key.

Phyllis Cuttino 12, Director, Pew Clean Energy Program 5/16, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/phyllis-cuttino/a-bright-future-for-renewable-energy_b_1521445.html

The current market for the renewable energy sector in the United States and around the
AND
competitive clean energy technologies for Americans to use and export around the world.

Err Aff – the least biased data concludes feed-in tariffs are only net positive.

Chad Laurent 9, Meister Consultants Group, Inc, with Wilson Rickerson %26 Hilary Flynn, http://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/FITness_Testing_Myths.pdf

As the US continues to ponder its position in the global renewable energy market,
AND
do not reflect on the merits of feed-in tariff policies more broadly

1AC- Coast 1.1

Adv. 1- Warming 

Warming is real, anthropogenic, and causes extinction without quick action.
Jerry McNerney and Martin Cheek 12, US Representative and Journalist, Clean Energy Nation: Freeing America from the Tyranny of Fossil Fuels, p. 21-3

The scientific evidence demonstrates that global warming is a real danger that jeopardizes our planet’s
AND
energy independence in dealing with the issue of climate change in our future.
95% certainty anthropogenic warming is happening.
Nina Chestney and Alister Doyle 12/14/12, Reuters – Quoting the IPCC, http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=63076

International climate scientists are more certain than ever that humans are responsible for global warming
AND
2007 that suggested seas may rise by up to 2 metres by 2100.
Multiple scenarios for extinction.
Deibel ‘7 (Terry L. Professor of IR @ National War College, 2007. “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today)

Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
AND
States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
Only a federal feed-in tariff assures clean tech investment enough to meet 440pm targets – best studies prove.
John Lorinc 9, New York Times, 10/27, http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/climate-change-policy-and-safe-investing/

Countries that adopt policies obliging utilities to purchase a percentage of their power from renewable
AND
The technology, he said, won’t make any substantial inroads by 2020.
Our emission reduction makes adaptation work.
Romm ‘10 (Joe, PhD in Physics from MIT, senior fellow at American progress, editor of Climate Progress, “Real adaptation is as politically tough as real mitigation, but much more expensive and not as effective in reducing future misery,” Climate Progress, August 27, 2010, PM)

Rhetorical adaptation, however, is a political winner. Too bad it means preventable
AND
in Southwest and around the globe How exactly do you adapt to that?
Electricity sector is key
Mormann 11 (Felix, German JD and JSD from University of Passau School of law, as well as an LMM from UC BerkeleySchool of Law and is a research Fellow at Stanford’s Steyer Center for Energy Policy and Finance, writing for Economic Law Quarterly, “Requirements for a Renewables Revolution.” 05/02/11. http://www.boalt.org/elq/documents/elq38_4_03_2012_0808.pdf)

Renewable sources of energy are relevant not only to electricity generation but also to other
AND
this Article focuses on the use of renewables for the generation of electricity.
That transition gets modeled
Joseph J. Romm 10, Senior Fellow at the Centre for American Progress, Straight Up : America's Fiercest Climate Blogger Takes on Status Quo Media, Politicians, and Clean Energy Solutions, p. 219-222

Ironically, for those who want to avoid total planetary warming of 2°C
AND
to get China and the other big emitters to formalize a binding deal.

Adv. 2- Grid

Grid centralization ensures energy disruptions through accidents, storms, energy trading, and cyber terror.
Hildyard et al 12
(Nicholas, The Corner House - U.K. research and advocacy group focusing on human rights, the environment, and development, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/sites/thecornerhouse.org.uk/files/Energy%20Security%20For%20Whom%20For%20What.pdf)

By the same token, the more that an energy system is subjected to centralised
AND
of generators magnify such “cyber-security” and data protection challenges.
Distributed generation and renewables through FiT’s solves grid weaknesses.
Mendonça et al 9
(Miguel Mendonça. Researcher, author and advocate of sustainability and resilience strategies. David Jacobs is a researcher and PhD candidate at the Environmental Policy Research Centre in Berlin (FFU) focusing on support mechanisms for renewable electricity. Dr. Benjamin K. Sovacool is an Assistant Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore. He is also a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization. (Powering the Green Economy: The Feed-in Tariff Handbook, p. 112-8))

To penalize renewables for their variability or intermittency not only ignores how that variability can
AND
the more stable the grid becomes, rather than the other way around.
FiT’s improves investment in grid modernization.
Matt Ward et al 8, Partner with The Ferguson Group, with Michelle Wyman, Ken Brown, Andrew Seth, Summer, http://www.climatecommunities.us/documents/pcap.pdf

A chief barrier to the deployment of small-scale, distributed renewable energy projects
AND
usable incentive for local governments or most noncorporate organizations or cooperatives of individuals.   
Blackouts cause nuclear meltdowns
Capiello ‘11 (Dina, Huffington Post, “Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors” 3/29/11 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html)

A 2003 federal analysis looking at how to estimate the risk of containment failure said
AND
things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami."
Extinction
Lendman ‘11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan” 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)

For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming. In her 1978 book, "
AND
or face extinction. No one listened. The Doomsday Clock keeps ticking.
Risk of a grid attack is high – most recent and comprehensive study concluded.
BEES 11/14 Board on Energy and Environmental Systems – DOUGLAS M. CHAPIN, NAE, MPR Associates Inc., Chair ROBERT FRI, Resources for the Future, Vice Chair RAKESH AGRAWAL, NAE, Purdue University ALLEN J. BARD, NAS, University of Texas, Austin MARILYN BROWN, Georgia Institute of Technology PHILIP R. CLARK, NAE, GPU Nuclear Corporation (retired) MICHAEL CORRADINI, NAE, University of Wisconsin, Madison E. LINN DRAPER JR., NAE, American Electric Power Inc. (retired) CHARLES H. GOODMAN, Southern Company DAVID G. HAWKINS, Natural Resources Defense Council DAVID K. OWENS, Edison Electric Institute WILLIAM F. POWERS, NAE, Ford Motor Company (retired) TONY PROPHET, HP Personal Systems Group MICHAEL P. RAMAGE, NAE, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company MAXINE L. SAVITZ, NAE, Honeywell Inc. (retired) PHILIP R. SHARP, Resources for the Future SCOTT W. TINKER, University of Texas, Austin Staff JAMES ZUCCHETTO, Director DUNCAN BROWN, Senior Program Officer (part-time) ALAN CRANE, Senior Program Officer JOHN HOLMES, Senior Program Officer MARTIN OFFUTT, Senior Program Officer (until April 2007) MATT BOWEN, Senior Program Associate (until November 2007) JENNIFER BUTLER, Financial Assistant DANA CAINES, Financial Associate PANOLA GOLSON, Program Associate (until May 2007) LANITA JONES, Program Associate KATHERINE BITTNER, Senior Project Assistant Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System (2012), http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=12050

The electric power delivery system that carries electricity from large central generators to customers could
AND
services less vulnerable while the delivery of conventional electric power has been disrupted.
This causes a US lash-out—triggers nuclear war
Habiger 2/1/10 (Eugue – Retired Air Force General, Cyberwarfare and Cyberterrorism, The Cyber Security Institute, p. 11-19)

However, there are reasons to believe that what is going on now amounts to
AND
based defenses, making us significantly more at risk of a major war.

Adv. 3- Natural Gas

Natural Gas volatility inevitable now—Decreased production
Rosenberg 12* (Bill, Co-Developer of Indiana Gasification LLC*Last Date cited July 24, 2012 “Natural Gas: Low Prices May Prove Unsustainable” http://indiana-gasification.com/natural-gas-low-prices-may-prove-unsustainable/)
The volatility and uncertainty of natural gas prices provide a fundamental rationale for diversification of
AND
long-term purchase agreement for gas produced from the coal gasification facility.

Peak Shale
Chris Nelder 12/29/2011 (Energy analyst and consultant, “What the Frack” www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/future_tense/2011/12/is_there_really_100_years_wortw_of_natural_gas_beneath_the_united_states_.html)

Assuming that the United States continues to use about 24 tcf per annum, then
AND
, yet those same advocates never adjust their years of supply estimates accordingly.

Renewables prevent natural gas lock in
Restuccia 12 (Andrew, The Hill, “Utility president warns of natural-gas price volatility” 4/26/12 http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/224035-aep-president-warns-of-natural-gas-price-volatility)
American Electric Power President Nick Akins warned Thursday against over-reliance on natural gas
AND
our generation fleet will burn coal,” Akins said during his remarks Thursday. 

Fuel diversity prevents price spikes
Doran and Reed 8/13/2012 (Kevin, J.D. and  an institute fellow and assistant research professor at the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), a joint institute of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of Colorado at Boulder AND* Adam Reed J.D.,  is a research associate at RASEI, August 13th, 2012, "Natural Gas and Its RoleIn the U.S.’s Energy Endgame" e360.yale.edu/feature/natural_gas_role_in_us_energy_endgame/2561/)

A full-throttle shift to a gas-dominated electricity system, which now
AND
is more economically and environmentally sustainable. We should opt for the latter.

Scenario 1: Chemical Industry
Volatility kills US chem industry
CCES 2012 – Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, May 2012, "Natural Gas in the Industrial Sector,"http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/natural-gas-industrial-sector.pdf)

For the chemicals industry, natural gas also serves a unique function, providing a
AND
prices are relatively low, as is currently the case with natural gas.

US Critical to World Chem Industry
Heintz and Pollin 11* (James and Robert, Political Economy Research Institute, “The Economic Benefits of a Green Chemical Industry in the United States” *last date cited 2011 http://www.bluegreenalliance.org/news/publications/document/Green-Chemistry-Report_FINAL.pdf)
The value of the output of the U.S. chemical ¶ industry totaled
AND
just over 12 percent in 1989 ¶ to roughly 22 percent in 2009. 

Extinction
Baum 99 – editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society's Chemical and Engineering News [Rudy M. Baum, C&E News, “Millennium Special Report,” 12-6-99, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html]
The pace of change in today's world is truly incomprehensible. Science is advancing on
AND
up in real public fear of genetic manipulation and corporate control over food.

Scenario 2: Econ

Natural Gas volatility kills the economy—Kills key industries and causes energy price spikes
 Stones 9 (Edward, Director of Energy Risk Dow Chemical Company in a presentation to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, “The Role of Natural Gas in Mitigating Climate Change” 10/28/9 http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=9b7877b6-e616-76f1-3513-0c3fe4cda514)
When it comes to natural gas and climate policy, Dow favors policies that will
AND
energy costs in the US remain globally competitive and avoid economically devastating volatility. 

The US is key to the global economy
Caploe 9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,”  http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf
IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
AND
- has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression. 

Economic stagnation leads to nuclear war.
Merlini, Senior Fellow – Brookings, 11 [Cesare Merlini, nonresident senior fellow at the Center on the United States and Europe and chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Italian Institute for International Affairs (IAI) in Rome. He served as IAI president from 1979 to 2001. Until 2009, he also occupied the position of executive vice chairman of the Council for the United States and Italy, which he co-founded in 1983. His areas of expertise include transatlantic relations, European integration and nuclear non-proliferation, with particular focus on nuclear science and technology. A Post-Secular World?  Survival, 53:2, 117 – 130]
Two neatly opposed scenarios for the future of the world order illustrate the range of
AND
theocratic absolutes, competing or converging with secular absolutes such as unbridled nationalism.
Global economic crises cause war  strong statistic support
Royal, '10 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction Program  DOD, Economics of War & Peace: Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith & Brauer, p. 213-15)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

Plan

The United States federal Government should establish a renewable energy payment program that creates long-term purchase contracts for new qualifying facilities in the United States that use wind or solar power for energy production to ensure a reasonable rate of return.

Solvency

Only a federal feed-in tariff causes a clean energy transition and ends patchwork policies.
Chris Nelder 11, Columnist for SmartPlanet, 11/9, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/energy-futurist/why-america-needs-a-feed-in-tariff/174

Given the obvious success of FiTs as a policy tool in Europe, one must
AND
rest of the world pulls rapidly ahead in the race to energy transition.
Plan is simple to enforce – overcoming the unpredictability of the current patchwork of state and federal policies.
John Farrell 9, Heinrich Böll Foundation North http://www.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/files/feed-in%20tariffs%20in%20america.pdf

In the United States, renewable energy policy consists of an uncoordinated and often haphazard
AND
facility to be installed in the first place may lower long term costs.
Only a feed-in tariff expands renewables fast enough to solve our advantages.
Chad Laurent 9, Meister Consultants Group, Inc, with Wilson Rickerson & Hilary Flynn, http://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/FITness_Testing_Myths.pdf

The US currently generates close to nine percent of its electricity from renewable sources such
AND
argument derived from published literature and interviews with governmental representatives and industry experts.
Renewables are inevitable in the long run both domestically and internationally and ready for quick short-term expansion now – effective incentives are key.
Phyllis Cuttino 12, Director, Pew Clean Energy Program 5/16, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/phyllis-cuttino/a-bright-future-for-renewable-energy_b_1521445.html

The current market for the renewable energy sector in the United States and around the
AND
competitive clean energy technologies for Americans to use and export around the world.
Err Aff – the least biased data concludes feed-in tariffs are only net positive.
Chad Laurent 9, Meister Consultants Group, Inc, with Wilson Rickerson & Hilary Flynn, http://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/FITness_Testing_Myths.pdf

As the US continues to ponder its position in the global renewable energy market,
AND
do not reflect on the merits of feed-in tariff policies more broadly