Tournament: Kentucky  | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan HL | Judge: Leah M.
Proliferation discourse justifies the subordination of non-nuclear nations to the west and becomes a self fulfilling prophecy of its own ideological theories.

GUSTERSON 04
Hugh, People of the Bomb, p _44-46
Noam Chomsky has …are ultimately one.

Naming/labeling lead to real world violence.  Their violent discourse must be rejected in each instance.

Taylor and Hardman, 04 (Anita Taylor and M.J. Hardman, “War, Language and Gender, What New Can be Said? Framing the Issues” Women and Language, Fall2004, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p3-19, Database: Communication and Mass Media Complete)

Attend to naming and labeling. …explicit and careful definitions.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan HL | Judge: Leah M
Their heg/leadership rhetoric effemenizes our global interdependance. This masuline gendered frame ensures militarism and war by foreclosing any alternative not equivalent to dick waving. 

COHN, HILL AND RUDDICK, '05
Carol, Felicity and Sara, "The Relevance of Gender for Eliminating Weapons of Mass Destruction", Disarmament Diplomacy, Issue No. 80, Autumn 2005, The Acronym Institute, http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd80/80ccfhsr.htm, accessed through Google Scholar, June 11th, 2009

In other words, … for further inspections.

DISCOURSE IS KEY--WAR IS NATURALIZED AND SUSTAINED BY METAPHORS, IMAGERY AND DISCOURSE THAT EQUATES MILITARY POWER WITH SEXUAL POTENCY. 

DUNCANSON AND ESCHLE '07 ("Gender and the Nuclear Weapons State: A Feminist Critique of the British Government's White Paper on Trident", Pg. 5-6, Edinburgh University, Faslane Academic Conference and Blockade, accessed through Google, June 11th, 2009

We begin our examination of feminist arguments about gender and the nuclear weapons state by looking at accounts of the way in which elites talk about …man even consider it?’ (Cohn, 1987: 693).

This naturalizes the violence of our social fabric--  to support a militarized state and makes us passive citizens that are magemenable to justify its atrocities
COHN AND RUDDICK '03 ("A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction", Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, Working Paper No. 104, Pg. 7-8, accessed through Google Scholar, June 8th, 2009)

Women’s war and post-war … beginning of making peace. 

Tournament: all | Round: all | Opponent: all | Judge: all
The Centralization structure of civilization is root cause of energy crisis
Bjonnes, 3/2/09
Roar Ramesh "The End of Fossil Fuel: Crisis and Opportunity" Renaissance Universal Marketing Director and co-founder of the Prama Institute. He has been an agronomist, freelance journalist and is currently a columnist for a Norwegian Newspaper and contributing editor for New Renaissance (www.ru.org). His articles have appeared in books, newspapers and magazines in the US and in Europe. (MI)

The Roman Empire …. Not a pretty scenario.

No way civilization makes it past 2100 – even with infinite resources and zero population growth, it’s a question of consumption of resources tied to centralization.

Kotke 2008 (WM.H, Published Author, “Final Empire” http://www.rainbowbody.net/Finalempire/FEchap2.htm Cites MIT Study)
The standard extrapolation … to live through the

Our alternative: vote negative.
We must refuse the blueprints and the traps of civilized logic in the movement model and its attendant hierarchy – instead we must realize chaos rules everything, trying to force order is counterproductive and authoritarian.
The appropriate question is whether or not we contribute to or detract from the momentum against civilization?

Skunk 05 (Felonius, Green Anerchy #19)
Along with the … we create for ourselves.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan HL | Judge: Leah M.

China

Next is our Pan K: Using securitization rhetoric to construct china as a source of instability causes China to assume a defensive posture and drives weaponization and nationalism, creating a self fulfilling prophecy.
Pan 04
Chengxin, “The "China threat" in American self-imagination: the discursive construction of other as power politics” Alternatives,6/1/2004 Political Science and International Relations Professor at Australian National University (MI)

I have argued above that … China might become possible.  

Turn:  The aff’s obsession with compeitition ensures collapse
Goldmen et al 06
 “landscapes of the social relations of production in a networked society” fast capitalism 2.1, Robert Goldman, Stephen Papson. Professor of Sociology at Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon (MI)

The formula for success … of risk is omnipresent.

The Era of US Hegemony is at an end – collapse and transition to multipolarity is inevitable – global economics and domestic politics prove
Shweller 2010
Randall L. Schweller, Jan/Feb, ’10. Professor of Poli Sci @ Ohio State. Author of Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power, “Ennui Becomes Us,” The National Interest, Lexis. AD: 9.11.11 

The messiness of … will die a slow but sure death. 

Primacy spurs WMD proliferation.
Steven Weber, Professor of Political Science and Director of the Institute for International Studies at the University of California-Berkeley, et al., with Naazneen Barma, Matthew Kroenig, and Ely Ratner, Ph.D. Candidates at the University of California-Berkeley and Research Fellows at its New Era Foreign Policy Center, 2007 “How Globalization Went Bad,” Foreign Policy, Issue 158, January/February, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Academic Search Premiere, p. 51-52

The world is paying …t becoming a necessity.

Solvency

 The can’t solve prolif or K impacts – LFTR’s yield waste that can be used to make bombs and is devastating for the environment 

NPR, 2012
(Cites Arjun Makhijani, president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, “Is Thorium A Magic Bullet For Our Energy Problems?,” May 4, Online: http://www.npr.org/2012/05/04/152026805/is-thorium-a-magic-bullet-for-our-energy-problems) 

ARJUN MAKHIJANI: I don't … in medical practice on millions of people.

Turn- Mass production means high risk of safety concerns- and exporting overseas risk wide-spread proliferation- building underground risk environmental run-off pollution- all turn case
Makhijani and Boyd ’10
(Arjun Makhijani and Michele Boyd, Arjun Makhijani is nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research,  Institute for Energy and Environmental Research and Physicians for Social Responsibility, Michele Boyd is former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for ... Staff Scientist at the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power”, http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf, September 2010, 

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Weber | Judge:
Their concern with the preservation of human dignity and life is acquiesance to the human/animal divide.
Deckha ‘10 (Maneesha: Associate Professor at the University of Victoria Faculty of Law. “It’s time to abandon the idea of ‘human’ rights,” The Scavenger, December 13, 2010.)
Yet, the discourse … anti-violence agendas.

ANTHROPOCENTRISM REDUCES NONHUMAN NATURE TO A SET OF RAW MATERIALS THAT EXIST ONLY TO BE MASTERED AND EXPLOITED--  Independant ethical reason to reject them.
KELLER, ’08 (David, “Review of ‘Ecological Ethics: An Introduction’”, Ethics and the Environment, Volume 13, Number 1, Spring 2008, accessed through Project MUSE, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ethics_and_the_environment/v013/13.1.keller.html)
The ecological ethicist … of a secularization narrative.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Weber | Judge:
The metaphor of the germ infecting the body causes genocide of the threatening Other. Reject the 1ac for this rhetorical framing.

Proven by the rhetoric of the Steinburg ev, which indicates disease is a security threat. 

Savage 07  (Rowan, degree in Medical Biochemistry from London University, “Disease Incarnate”: Biopolitical Discourse and Genocidal Dehumanisation in the Age of Modernity, 

Eugenics and race …source of the threat.

Tournament: Kentucky  | Round: 6 | Opponent: UCO | Judge:
We endorse all of the 1AC except for their designation of brothers and sisters.

The nuclear family is the mobilizing trope of securitization--- it closets ambiguous or unproductive behavior, makes mass consumption our civic duty which is the root cause of environmental degradation
Anderson ‘11
Jill E. Anderson "THE GAY OF THE LAND: QUEER ECOLOGY AND THE LITERATURE OF THE 1960S"A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Mississippi, April 2011
The politically sanctioned …abuse of the land itself.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent: UCO | Judge:
We endorse the entire of the 1AC except for their reading of the resolution. 

THE AFF’S GEOGRAPHIC IMAGINARY HOMOGENIZES DIFFERENCE THROUGH THE ILLUSION OF STATE-BASED COLLECTIVE IDENTITY. 

SAID, ’03 (Edward, University Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University “Orientalism”, Preface, pg. xxii-xxiii)

The point I want … action and reaction.

ethics and acting through the state makes anti-blackness worse because it erases the existence of the black body – the state forecloses the possibility of humanity for those in the non-human positionality
Wilderson, award-winning author of Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid. He is one of two Americans to hold elected office in the African National Congress and is a former insurgent in the ANC’s armed wing, 2010  (Frank B. III “Introduction: Unspeakable Ethics” Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, Pg 15-16) GG
Regarding the Black … University awaits an answer.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Fullerton CT | Judge:
a) Their own author says that the concept of trash is dangerous and an outgrowth of a modern technological notion of human transcendence and mastery, when we make trash our starting point it begs the quest of what trash is and is not, this determination is at the heart of modern human mastery and instrumentalization of everything
Kennedy 07. (Greg Kennedy. An Ontology of Trash: The Disposable and its problematic Nature. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007. Print. P. 102-105. AWH)
The historical mutation …of innerworldly objects.

b) Any distinction between trash and non trash is anthropocentric: we believe that the aff is rife with human-centeredness, The affirmative’s divide between trash and nontrash is descriptive of the anthropocentric division between natural and unnatural. This sets rigid lines between what is human or non-natural and what is not. This framing is inherently false because humans are implicit to nature and vice-versa.

Crowley 2010 (Thomas, “From ‘Natural’ to ‘Ecosocial Flourishing’: Evaluating Evaluative Frameworks,”Ethics and the Environment, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2012, pp. 69-100, KD)

However, this assumption … to kill other animals harm us.8
c) Ballot Frame: They have misidentified the problem and the focus, and they cannot go far enough: the problem is not human notions of disposability, the problem is humanity itself, the veiled moralism of the aff only reconstitutes the human subject as the center, reject humanity, we cannot overcome our guilt by obsessing over the objects that fall on our always already concrete sidewalks, no, vote for the team who’s approach best resists anthropocentrism, their aff is bound up with the idea of the willful human moral decision-maker, we must posit a notion of trash/waste that is less about improving our own transcendental human capacities for ethics and more about disrupting human centered-ness
Kochi 8 (Tarik is a lecturer in the school of Law, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, “An Argument for the Global Suicide of Humanity,” December 2008, Vol. 7 No. 3, www.borderlands.net,au, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf)

¶ How might such a standpoint …the denial of life ¶ ¶ to others?
 

Tournament: Harvard  | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kentucky | Judge:
Their I/L scenarios --flawed research method leads to serial policy failure
this is not a neutral move-by defining risk calculation we favor
David M. Berube 2000 Associate Professor of Speech Communication and Director of Debate at the University of South Carolina. Contemporary Argumentation and Debate 21: 53-73 http://www.cedadebate.org/CAD/index.php/CAD/article/viewFile/248/232

The appeal of mini-… scrutinized with a critical lens.

By invoking this approach to prediction, you create the conditions for those to exist. Means we focus policy on unlikely absurd scenarious, this is a bad form of education.
Kessler 2008
 Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232

The problem of …with relative certainty.

This is a Voting Issue.
Bias in the selection process means that only elitist interests are forwarded.
Stevens 2007 Alex Stevens, Senior Researcher-European Institute of Social Services, School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, Keynes College, University of Kent, “Survival of the Ideas that Fit: An Evolutionary Analogy for the Use of Evidence in Policy” Social Policy and Society 6:1, 25–35

The proposed evolutionary …¶ be put into practice.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kentucky | Judge:
The 1ac has described war as an event-- this obscures the everydayness of violence
Cuomo 96
Chris J. Cuomo "War Is Not Just an Event: Reflections on the Significance of Everyday Violence" Hypatia , Vol. 11, No. 4, Women and Violence (Autumn, 1996), pp. 30-45 (MI)

Although my position …. militaristic agents of the state.

This worldview produces a conceptual framework that sanctions violence against a feminized other and justifies cataclysmic environmental destruction, war, and nuclear conflict
Warren and Cady, 94
Karen Warren and Duane Cady, Professors of Philosophy at Macalester College and Hamline University. “Feminism and Peace: Seeking Connections.” Hypatia. Vol. 9, Iss. 2; pg. 4 Spring 1994 Proquest
The notion of patriarchy … national, and global contexts. 

DISCOURSE IS KEY--WAR IS NATURALIZED AND SUSTAINED BY METAPHORS, IMAGERY AND DISCOURSE THAT EQUATES MILITARY POWER WITH SEXUAL POTENCY. 

DUNCANSON AND ESCHLE '07 ("Gender and the Nuclear Weapons State: A Feminist Critique of the British Government's White Paper on Trident", Pg. 5-6, Edinburgh University, Faslane Academic Conference and Blockade, accessed through Google, June 11th, 2009

We begin our examination …any real man even consider it?’ (Cohn, 1987: 693).

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgetown CV | Judge:
The image of Jimmy Carter as the nice guy champion of progressivism is media hype cover for global corporatism, complicity with genocide, and a host of other oppressions, don’t buy their hype,
Fleming 2012 (John, author of Word Power, “Jimmy Carter: Mass Murderer,” http://english.pravda.ru/opinion/columnists/16-05-2012/121135-jimmy_carter_mass_murderer-0/)
According to American … and very attractive." 

Reagan and Carter should have both been hung for war crimes, come to think of it, so should most every American president…

Chomsky 1990 (Noam, “If the Nuremberg Laws were Applied...,” delivered around 1990, http://www.chomsky.info/talks/1990~-~-~-~-.htm) 

If the Nuremberg laws … well within the range. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Definition and Violation –
A restriction is a limitation by statute or regulation
Burton’s Legal Thesaurus ‘7
(Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright © 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.)
restriction n. any limitation on activity, by statute, regulation or contract provision.

The 1AC is procurement which is not financial incentive
Czinkota et al, 9 - Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at
AND
import quotas, and local content requirements, and investments in infrastructure facilities.

1. Limits -  Broad definitions could include 40 different mechanisms

Moran, 86 - non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development and
AND
foreign investment—let alone to determine the effectiveness of individual government instruments.

2. Ground – They fiat solvency – they do not require market involvement and we do not get bubble or energy prices links since they do not effect the market.

C. Topicality is a voting issue for fairness and education

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Nuclear power is a faustian bargain, steeped in structural violence

Chen 11

Michelle " The Radioactive Racism Behind Nuclear Energy" March 2011  http://colorlines.com/archives/2011/03/the_radioactive_racism_behind_nuclear_peace.html Colorlines' Global Justice columnist. She is a regular contributor on labor issues at In These Times, as well as a member of the magazine's Board of Editors. she has also conducted ethnographic research as a Fulbright fellow in Shanghai and checked coats at a West Village jazz club. She is currently pursuing doctoral studies at the City University of New York and co-producing the community radio program Asia Pacific Forum on Pacifica's WBAI.

¶ When the apocalyptic cloud erupted over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the world woke up

AND

the danger zone to the populations they see as less worthy of protection.

Can't control radiation because of

1) Self reporting
 2) cooling water discharge
 3) leaks

Even low level radiation regulations allow still leads to cancers, miscarriages, and death.

NIRS 12- "ROUTINE RADIOACTIVE RELEASES FROM NUCLEAR REACTORS - IT DOESN’T TAKE AN ACCIDENT" Nuclear Information and Resource Service-~--information and networking center for citizens and environmental organizations
  http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/routineradioactivereleases.htm

It doesn’t take an accident for a nuclear power plant to release radioactivity into our

AND

leukemia, birth defects, and reproductive, immune and endocrine system disorders.

Fighting nuclear mining on native land is a prirority

Churchill 93 (Ward Churchill, Professor of Communication @ Colorado Univ. Struggle for the Land. Common Courage Press. Pg 276.) 

The mechanism through which this can b e accomplished is also¶ present in a

AND

of time¶ in which to finally come to grips with this fact.

the affirmative places undue emphasis on existential impacts – this calculus has gained epistemological privilege that requires low burden of proof due to assumptions and preferences of discourse advanced by individuals isolated from everyday impacts of social hierarchies like colonialism – must actively displace this dominant understanding of violence by over-privileging “everyday” violence like poverty and political repression

Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 04-- Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 (MI)

This large and at first sight "messy" Part VII is central to (

AND

including the house gun and gated communities; and reversed feelings of victimization).

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: Doubles | Opponent: IOWA DH | Judge: Cronin, Weil, Topp
Hetero-normativity becoming ingrained into every aspect of our lives, this fosters a system of maintaining that hetero-power and virulent nationalism.
PUAR 06
Puar, Jasbir K.(2006)'Mapping US Homonormativities',Gender, Place and Culture,13:1,67 — 88 

As Alexander has demonstrated...discuss later

This is an in round frame-- the aff's orientation criminalizes all potential insecurity, producing vigilante citizen.
Calkivik 10 Emine Asli Calkivik, A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOLOF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (accepted) -  "Dismantling Security" Oct 2010 conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/99479/1/Calkivik_umn_0130E_11576.pdf

Poultry and peasants may ... a new politics?

The Affirmative engages in a liberal political project that locks in reproductive futurism. The alternative is to identify with the death drive projected onto queerness by rejecting the figure of The Child. 

Edelman in 2004 (Lee, No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive (Durham, NC: Duke¶ University Press, 2004).

By denying our identification ... the future stops here 

Tournament: USC | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: Ian Beier
Victimization status locks people into that being a permanent part of their subjecthood – renders the survivor passive
Jacobsen and Stenvoll ‘10 (Christine M. and Dag. “Muslim Women and Foreign Prostitutes: Victim Discourse, Subjectivity, and Governance,” Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 17.3, Fall 2010.)
Victim discourse may... blame and guilt.

We should reject the term victim in favor of survivor 

And the term victim reaffirms the same masculine dominant discourses of the status quo, rather we should use the term survivor
Stringer 1 (Rebecca Blaming Me Blaming You: Victim Identity in Recent Feminism.' Outskirts: feminisms along the edge 8 (2001)  http://www.chloe.uwa.edu.au/outskirts/archive/volume8/stringer)

In crossing from the realm ... ultimately debilitating 

Tournament: Weber RR | Round:  | Opponent: UMKC JS | Judge: Will Gent
That they appeal to queer theory rather than lesbian and gay issues is no better.  In fact, queer theory universalizes queer experience and creates a queer subject – one who is white, middle-class, and typically male.  Only quaring public address – which recognizes the intersection of class, race, gender, and sexuality can overcome these problems.

Julie M. Thompson.  “On the Development of Counter-Racist Quare Public Address Studies.”  Queering Public Address.  Ed. Charles E. Morris.  2007.  Page 121-123.

Those artifacts warranting inclusion in major anthologies of great speakers and speeches still reflect privileges
AND
Marlon Rigg's Tonues Untied as the exemplar text from which to do so.
 I will argue that quaring public address entails a fundamental disruption of historical silences
AND
, passions, and lived experiences intelligible and authoritative in various public spheres.
 Any quare public address project should avoid the historical tendency for gay and lesbian
AND
invention, whereby the critic can “recruit” a text into quareness.
 In addition to disrupting historical silences in public address scholarship, quaring public address
AND
approaches to public address studies by “altering their conception of rhetorical artistry.”
 

While the affirmative preaches about queering the public and inclusion, they are ignorant as
AND
the role of race only reproduces structures of domination and turns the aff.

This is not just as link of omission that can be permed away – the 1AC proved the affirmative falls in the line of gay rights struggles which turn a blind eye towards race, and any permutation will only be assimilation of black perspectives and a sidelining of black issues.

Julie M. Thompson.  “On the Development of Counter-Racist Quare Public Address Studies.”  Queering Public Address.  Ed. Charles E. Morris.  2007.  Page 128-129.

What I am suggesting, of course, is that we follow the leadership of
AND
and distant from the realities of Black men as was Oz from Kansas.”

Link – Queer Theory

Queer Theory privileges whiteness because it assumes that difference is something individuals can choose. It assumes the fluidity of identity without the material manefestations of race and ethnicity re-entrenching hegemonic forms of oppression.
Smith in 2010
Andrea Smith. “Queer Theory and Native Studies: Heteronormativity of Settler Colonialism” GLQ: Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. Vol 16, Num 1-2. Pg 42-68. 2010

At the same time, however, Native studies also points to the limits of
AND
theory to look at both the possibilities and limits  of a postidentity analytic.  

Prioritizing sexuality binds us to monolithic conceptions of identity, destroy coalitions, and fails in the face of material struggle.
Cohen 97Cathy "PUNKS, BULLDAGGERS, AND¶ WELFARE QUEENS¶ THE RADICAL POTENTIAL OF QUEER POLITICS?" GLQ: A JOURNAL OF LESBIAN I GAY STUDIES May 1997 3(4): 437-465;

The inability of queer politics to effectively challenge heteronormativity¶ rests, in part,
AND
fundamental transformation¶ of the economic, political and social structures of society."

Edelman's disavowal of futurity is the exclusive perogative of able bodied white gay men. This demonizes those whose effeminized dependancy
Rodríguez 11
"Queer Sociality and Other Sexual Fantasies¶ Juana María Rodríguez¶ GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Volume 17, Numbers¶ 2-3, 2011, pp. 331-348 (Article)¶ Published by Duke University Press (MI)

¶ While all of this is queerly fascinating as a way to articulate the decades
AND
inflected reading, through a¶ Latina femme understanding of servitude and submission?

The visceral violence of queer bashing will culminate in a gay genocide. However, Because queer bodies cannot be distinctly marked out by one visible identifier, we destroy ourselves in the drive to purification, culminating in omnicide.
Sedgwick 08
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, 2008 The Epistemology of the Closet, 127-130
From at least the biblical story of Sodom and Gomorrah, scenarios of same-
AND
cure," if cure there be, to the mortal illness of decadence.
If a fantasy trajectory, Utopian in its own terms, toward gay genocide has
AND
were homosexuals, every human relation is pulled into its shining representational furrow.
Fragments of visions of a time after the homosexual are, of course, currently
AND
in the most literal-minded conceivable form of body-fluid contact.
It might be worth making explicit that the use of evolutionary thinking in the current
AND
, many themselves direly endangered, that are reproduced by direct heterosexual transmission.
Unlike genocide directed against Jews, Native Americans, Africans, or other groups,
AND
thought between minority potentials and universalizing ones be opened and opened and opened?

Our alternative is to embrace the quare utopianism.
Eroticism allows us to rewrite the dominant scripts of our lives to open ourselves up to the vulnerability of other bodies. This move beyond liberal individualism, the AFFECTIVE,  is the pre-condition for ethics. This is relational and utopian.
Rodríguez 11
"Queer Sociality and Other Sexual Fantasies¶ Juana María Rodríguez¶ GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Volume 17, Numbers¶ 2-3, 2011, pp. 331-348 (Article)¶ Published by Duke University Press (MI)

That so often we fuck with social bodies that exist outside the logic of gendered
AND
unravel both individual subjectivity¶ and the existing social relations that surround us.

Tournament: Weber RR | Round:  | Opponent: ASU CM | Judge: 

Heidegger’s theory of technology presumes a pristine human essence – it’s the ultimate humanism
Fletcher 12
Media Music Communication and Cultural Studies, Macquarie University
http://www.arts.mq.edu.au/documents/hdr_journal_neo/neo_2012/Article_3_FLETCHER.pdf
David-Jack Fletcher completed an Honours degree with Macquarie University in 2011. His research interest lies in posthumanism and transhumanism, and explores the effects of technology on several aspects of the human, including gender, sexuality and
disability. In 2012 he began a PhD within the department of MMCCS with Macquarie University under the supervision of Assoc. Professor Joseph Pugliese.

As technology continues to progress beyond the limits of what was once thought impossible,
AND
a unique aspect of the human that separates Homo sapiens from nonhuman species.

UNIQUENESS goes one way – the cyborgs here, Heidegger’s fascist nostalgia, get over it
Fletcher 12
Media Music Communication and Cultural Studies, Macquarie University
http://www.arts.mq.edu.au/documents/hdr_journal_neo/neo_2012/Article_3_FLETCHER.pdf
David-Jack Fletcher completed an Honours degree with Macquarie University in 2011. His research interest lies in posthumanism and transhumanism, and explores the effects of technology on several aspects of the human, including gender, sexuality and
disability. In 2012 he began a PhD within the department of MMCCS with Macquarie University under the supervision of Assoc. Professor Joseph Pugliese.

As stated above, the cyborg has emerged in a Western context as a result
AND
, we will be holding those new meanings close to our mechanical hearts.

Heidegger’s technophobia logically extends to QUEER BODIES – the extension of GENDER as a self-fashioned TECHNOLOGY.
Fletcher 12
Media Music Communication and Cultural Studies, Macquarie University
http://www.arts.mq.edu.au/documents/hdr_journal_neo/neo_2012/Article_3_FLETCHER.pdf
David-Jack Fletcher completed an Honours degree with Macquarie University in 2011. His research interest lies in posthumanism and transhumanism, and explores the effects of technology on several aspects of the human, including gender, sexuality and
disability. In 2012 he began a PhD within the department of MMCCS with Macquarie University under the supervision of Assoc. Professor Joseph Pugliese.

The 'acceptable body' is a concept that cyborgs disrupt quite easily simply because of their
AND
but on the opposite side to where they once may have been situated.

Creates a violent double consciousness where we are constantly seeking to eliminate the inauthentic within ourselves. The visceral violence of queer bashing will culminate in a gay genocide. However, Because queer bodies cannot be distinctly marked out by one visible identifier, we destroy ourselves in the drive to purification, culminating in omnicide.
Sedgwick 08
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, 2008 The Epistemology of the Closet, 127-130
From at least the biblical story of Sodom and Gomorrah, scenarios of same-
AND
cure," if cure there be, to the mortal illness of decadence.
If a fantasy trajectory, Utopian in its own terms, toward gay genocide has
AND
were homosexuals, every human relation is pulled into its shining representational furrow.
Fragments of visions of a time after the homosexual are, of course, currently
AND
in the most literal-minded conceivable form of body-fluid contact.
It might be worth making explicit that the use of evolutionary thinking in the current
AND
, many themselves direly endangered, that are reproduced by direct heterosexual transmission.
Unlike genocide directed against Jews, Native Americans, Africans, or other groups,
AND
thought between minority potentials and universalizing ones be opened and opened and opened?

The alternative is to situate our encounter with Being through the cyborg.
This is an impure rejection of ontology, origins, and authenticity that actively capitalizes on our instrumental relations.
Bray 01
"Not woman enough: Irigaray’s culture of difference" Feminist Theory December 2001 vol. 2 no. 3 311-327 Prof @ Murdoch Univ Accessed at sagepub pg. 324
If Irigaray provides us with a figure of the egalitarian feminist as an unnatural woman
AND
in politics. She used cultural tools to bring about a cultural change.

Embracing the CYBORG recalibration of the human OVER a Heideggerian theory of essence and technophobia better accesses their impact and undermines hierarchies.
Heideggerian privileging of nontechnological thought conceptually undergirds ALL hierarchical supremacy.  
Fletcher 12
Media Music Communication and Cultural Studies, Macquarie University
http://www.arts.mq.edu.au/documents/hdr_journal_neo/neo_2012/Article_3_FLETCHER.pdf
David-Jack Fletcher completed an Honours degree with Macquarie University in 2011. His research interest lies in posthumanism and transhumanism, and explores the effects of technology on several aspects of the human, including gender, sexuality and
disability. In 2012 he began a PhD within the department of MMCCS with Macquarie University under the supervision of Assoc. Professor Joseph Pugliese.

Others have since described essence as rationality, and others again as consciousness. These
AND
. And one perhaps nearing its end” (Foucault 1970: 3887).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The affirmative's western metaphysics  reduces eroticism to narcissism; The  passive acceptance of utility is a condition of privilege that disavows the non-phallic, the bodies who do not appear as full subjects. Structural violence can only be addressed through an erotic relationship of those who are exploited by these economies.  
Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 153-157(MI)

If phallicized whiteness is thus constituted by a fundamental disembodiment¶ that renders the body
AND
that we understand ourselves as¶ desiring identities in the world of utility.

Society is haunted by the death drive – a drive towards nonexistence and death.  The necessity of political intervention to save us from impending doom  and fear of death is a fantasy of self-fulfillment that denies the existence of the death drive and projects anxiety onto queer bodies who are deemed futureless.  

Giffney 08 (Noreen, Professor of Queer Theory at University College of Dublin, Queering the Non/Human, p. 65-7, Sydnor)

For Edelman, reproductive futurism presents ‘an always impossible future’ (11), ‘
AND
is displaced onto the Queer who then ‘becomes the external representative of the
death instinct’ (Klein 1997/1948, 31). Through a denial both of
AND
the mere mechanisms in motion’ (69).  mechanisms in motion’ (69).  

To view their affirmative as separable from its hetero-normative institutions is to privatize queer violence, to view as excess rather than endemic to a system that desires the death of all queer life.
Stanley '11
Eric "Near Life, Queer Death:Overkill and Ontological Capture" Social Text 107 • Vol. 29, No. 2 • Summer 2011  Emeritus at Pembroke College, Oxford University

Thinking violence as individual acts versus epistemic force works to support the normative and normalizing
AND
wounds to the throat, then what do the remaining fifty wounds signify?

The visceral violence of queer bashing will culminate in a gay genocide. However, Because queer bodies cannot be distinctly marked out by one visible identifier, we destroy ourselves in the drive to purification, culminating in omnicide.
Sedgwick 08
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, 2008 The Epistemology of the Closet, 127-130
From at least the biblical story of Sodom and Gomorrah, scenarios of same-
AND
cure," if cure there be, to the mortal illness of decadence.
If a fantasy trajectory, Utopian in its own terms, toward gay genocide has
AND
were homosexuals, every human relation is pulled into its shining representational furrow.
Fragments of visions of a time after the homosexual are, of course, currently
AND
in the most literal-minded conceivable form of body-fluid contact.
It might be worth making explicit that the use of evolutionary thinking in the current
AND
, many themselves direly endangered, that are reproduced by direct heterosexual transmission.
Unlike genocide directed against Jews, Native Americans, Africans, or other groups,
AND
thought between minority potentials and universalizing ones be opened and opened and opened?

Our alternative is reject the 1ac's desiring practices

Act of rejection is key.  Eroticism's embrace of meaninglessness, with no future anterior embraces the anxiety of a world without the affirmative.  In cultures of phallicized whiteness, this meaninglesss is projected onto racialized and sexed bodies. All other approaches seek the abject as an object of desire, a lack to be erased or contained, rather than one of pleasure.  

Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 137-139(MI)

¶ If to queer is to speak and act from a space in which meanings
AND
¶ modes of spatiality and temporality in the practices of freedom it creates.

Our alternative breaks with the economy of utility-- it doesn't seek to make meaning of queer abjection, or return to a more pure form of being, rather it returns us to the site of the ontological break from eroticism that created "the human".
Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 137-139(MI)

Bataille’s Eroticism: Queering Pleasures
Bataille historicizes this teleological orientation toward the meaningful¶ as the mandate of utility in
AND
behead reason, to rid the subject of its ‘place’ in the universe

Desire is the best starting point because it determines the practices we cultivate to engender freedom, and whether this creates a violent or a meaningful relationship to the world.
Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 18-19 (MI)

If we trace the roots of present identity categories to some of their¶ historical
AND
endemic to¶ desire, toward ones of joy that open onto freedom.

Tournament: Northwestern | Round:  | Opponent: Wayne  | Judge:
Embracing the cyborg detaches our analysis from the material reality of phallocentrism and ensures the new cybernetic identities will just be assimilated into the larger structure of patriarchy.
Cook 2004
Peta S., Centre for Social Change Research, Queensland University of Technology, The Modernistic Posthuman Prophecy of Donna Haraway, Paper presented to the Social Change in the 21st Century Conference, http://eprints.qut.edu.au/646/1/cook_peta.pdf
Similarly to Firestone’s utopian social vision of a techno-based post-gender reality
AND
connection of Haraway’s cyborg to the transhumanist and posthuman prophecies of the Extropians.

---The affirmative is uniquely bad --- Embracing cybernetic subjectivity within a framework of phallocentrism makes sexual violence and nuclear extinction inevitable.
ALAIMO, 1994
Stacy, Cyborg and Ecofeminist Interventions: Challenges for an Environmental Feminism, Feminist Studies, Vol. 20
More specifically, Haraway argues that the cyborg, precisely by blurring human-machine
AND
is crucial that feminism maintain an oppositional voice against the military industrial complex.

Universality assumes a single male subjecthood-- this only comes into being through the sacrifice of the feminine.
Caldwell '2 (Anne: Assistant Professor in Political Science at the University of Louisville. “Transforming Sacrifice: Irigaray and the Politics of Sexual Difference,” Hypatia, 17.4, 2002.)

For Irigaray, the institution of sacrificial ideals is paralleled by the emergence of male
AND
up from and exercise his power over?" (Irigaray 1985a, 133).
Subjectivity itself becomes sacrificial. It denies the worldly conditions of existence such as embodiment
AND
the negative in the relationship with the other" (1993a, 110).
Thus, while Margaret Whitford suggests Irigaray "comes dangerously close to suggesting the possibility
AND
toward a critique of sacrifice in general. 5 End Page 19
How does Irigaray see the logic of sacrifice working out politically in liberal democracies such
AND
everything material, particular and contextual (Young 1990, 101-102).
The need to exclude a chaotic materiality in liberalism historically has taken the form of
AND
, or against particular groups associated with the material, such as women.
The formation of the ideal citizen parallels the formation of the abstract ideal of equality
AND
requires the existence of other quasi subjects, against whom its equality appears.
Irigaray links this definition of citizenship to the longstanding Western association of freedom with mastery
AND
of others in order to guarantee the freedom and autonomy of the self.
The organization of political life through abstract equality and this form of freedom permeates all
AND
"crowd control," the form of power suited for an undifferentiated citizenry.
This ontology is transferred and leads to the routinized sacrifice of women's bodies
Keenan ‘3 (Dennis King. “Kristeva, Mimesis and Sacrifice,” Philosophy Today, 47.1, 2003)

In Revolution in Poetic Language (1974), Kristeva posits the ontological status of the
AND
and the socialization of this ecology. (RLP 75/RPL 77)

Our Alternative is to embrace an ontology of sexual difference.
 Voting negative affirms the cyborg apart from the affirmatives phallocentric technology and solves the affirmative without requiring phallocentric view of the subject.
Weedon 1999
Chris, the Chair of the Centre for Critical and Cultural Theory at Cardiff University, Feminism, theory, and the politics of difference, p. 90-93
In the order of reason which has governed Western thought since the rise of Ancient
AND
nor their language can exist. (1994: 106; original 1989).

Only the ethics of difference moves beyond the foundational paradigm of feminine sacrifice.
Caldwell 2K2 Anne. Assistant Professor in Political Science at the University of Louisville. Irigaray and the Politics of Sexual Difference. Hypatia 17.4 (2002) 16-39. Project Muse.-AC

Irigaray's second innovation is the idea of two subjects figured as a dual sexed universal
AND
a single mass or crowd, endlessly refracting one model of the subject.

Tournament: D2 Districts | Round: 6 | Opponent: Puget Sound CK | Judge: Sam Allen
The Affirmative ignores the fundamental antagonism of Modernity: that civil society and the sustenance of American ontological hegemony is only possible through a parasitic relationship to the Black. Progressives and the belief in sustaining multicultural perspectivism only obfuscates the single narrative that lies in the backdrop of American society. Particularly, their belief that singularity can emerge productively is bad faith in the neutrality of space that sustains the apparatus of anti-blackness.  

Wilderson, 2010
(Frank, Assoc Prof of African Amerian Studies @ UC Irvine, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of US Antagonisms, pages 1-9 MI

When I Was … are most resilient.

Causes us to see white policing as a spectacular, rather than foundational structure. This form of corrections stabilizes civil society, which is a state of emergency for balck bodies, creating a state of living death.
Wilderson, 2010
(Frank, Assoc Prof of African Amerian Studies @ UC Irvine, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of US Antagonisms, pages 79-85)

Civil Society and Its … its very practices.*4

Tournament: D2 Districts | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their use of audible language reaffirms ablelism
Ferri and May
Vivian M. May and Beth A. Ferri"FIXATED ON ABILITY Questioning Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Theories of Resistance" 

Ableist metaphors also … foolishness and despair.

Movement/mobility metaphors should be rejected  
Ferri and May
Vivian M. May and Beth A. Ferri"FIXATED ON ABILITY Questioning Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Theories of Resistance" 

In addition to … virtue of citizenship.

The disease centric discourse of the affirmative is singularly dehumanizing destroying value to life 

Roberts 2007
(Jeff, M.A., The Rhetorical Structure of  dis/ability: Bridging the Gap Between What is ‘Spoken’ and What is ‘Said’ with Song - Over-Signifying with Personhood Against the Backdrop of Disease-Centric Discourse - Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts. https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5086/.../Jeff_Roberts_Masters.pdf)

In the book, The ….the individual biologically (Szasz, 1997).

And debate rounds specifically are key – gotta hold them accountable 3 reasons:
1) The pragmatic gains of voting aff are merely hypothetical, wheras the immediate risk that you endorse and increase oppression by allowing this language is material. Making ableism a first priority in debate rounds spills over to our lives as activists.
2) Ableist rhetoric is the same as gendered or racist rhetoric-- it keeps dis/abled bodies out of our community.

3) Treating it as an afterthought in order to return to the original discussion trivializes ableism. Only a wholesale rejection of a premise which utilizes ableism solves.  
Roberts 2007
(Jeff, M.A., The Rhetorical Structure of  dis/ability: Bridging the Gap Between What is ‘Spoken’ and What is ‘Said’ with Song - Over-Signifying with Personhood Against the Backdrop of Disease-Centric Discourse - Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts. https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5086/.../Jeff_Roberts_Masters.pdf)

On the other hand, …. the oppressive discourse. 

Within this sphere … disease-centric discourse itself

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: USC PS | Judge: Powers, Evans, Bausch

More than anything else, the 1ac is a desiring practice. We do not have our hands on the levers of power and our political imaginations are deeply connected to our desiring practices. It determines our relationship to the world that can create cultures that either liberate or mark us for death.

History structures our ontological relationship to the world. Phallicized Whiteness maintains itself by the prioritization of a future anterior we have already mastered. This utility frame is a disembodied relationship  where the future is a separate object for mastering and control rather than something that is both constituted and constitutes you. that alone is a reason why utility in debate rounds hurts ethics in the long run, trains us to be detached observers of ourselves and the world.

Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 157-67(MI)

As an abstracted ideal, phallicized whiteness functions through a strange¶ sort of disembodied
AND
disembodieddesire of infinite deferral is quite at home in cultures of phallicized whiteness.

Desire is the best starting point because it determines the practices we cultivate to engender freedom, and whether this creates a violent or a meaningful relationship to the world.

Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 18-19 (MI)

If we trace the roots of present identity categories to some of their¶ historical
AND
endemic to¶ desire, toward ones of joy that open onto freedom.

Speaking for others disavows personal responsibility through the invisibility of the role of the intellectual producing these archives. Creates a heroic savior context that recreates the erasure of marginalized voices and turns case by maintaining paternalism.

Halberstam 11
Jack "The Queer Art of Failure" Duke Univ. Press Professor of English and Director of The Center for Feminist Research at University of Southern California. (MI)

Spivak explores the British attempt in 1829 to abolish Hindu widow¶ burning in relation
AND
persistent constitution¶ of the Other as the self’s shadow" (280).¶ 

The way the aff historicizes political identity is a dangerous form of ressentiment that makes identity comprehensible only in terms of its historical exclusion and marginalization.

Brown 93 (Wendy, Professor at University of California – Santa Cruz, "Wounded Attachments," Political Theory, Vol 21, No 3, August 93, JSTOR)

I raise the question of history because in thinking about late modern politicized identity’s structuring
AND
to avenge the hurt even while it reaffirms it, discursively codifies it. 

The more idealistic you come about the worlds ability to overcome problems, the less accepting you are of yourself because you are always the impure. This ideology of overcoming, a fixed world is the backdrop for our own self-hate.  Our embodied everyday life becomes deprioritized and a symbol of our own impotence.

Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 157-67(MI)

Utility’s enactment of the temporal structure of anticipation operate it assumes an intentionality that transcends
AND
’ We kill¶ ourselves in the endless asymptotic approach to the impossible.

Sovereignty is a ruse— it does not mark any shift in the status of natives but rather further ghettoizes them. Inherent in sovereignty, property rights and self government lead to internal elite control.  Leads to a more insidious form of neo-colonialism under the banner of autonomy.

Prater 11
Travis "TRIBAL NATIONS AND LIMITARY CONCEPTS: EXAMINING THE DIMENSIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF SOVEREIGNTY¶ AND AUTONOMY" Sept. 2011Dissertation. Univ of Kansas Indigenous Nations Studies Dept. MI

Arguing from, what this thesis terms the revolutionary-conceptualist¶ thought is Adams
AND
-government in our¶ communities and forcing our integration into the legal mainstream

THE AFFIRMATIVE’S ASSUMPTION THAT SIMPLY GIVING NATIVES CONTROL OVER THEIR ECONOMIC FUTURE LEADS TO GOOD CAUSES IS NAÏVETY THAT FORGETS THE VIOLENT DOMINATION OF CORPORATE POWERS IN AMERICA. GAMING SERVES AS A CRITICAL EXAMPLE. The aff leads to non-native’s investors "reservation shopping".

BROWN ’7
Michael, Lambert Prof. of Anthropology and Latin American Studies at Williams College, "Sovereignty’s Betrayals", Indigenous Experience Today 179 MI

Even if one is convinced that legalized gambling is a Faustian bargain worth making,
AND
a business arrangement in a place located hundreds of miles from their reservation.

ENERGY POLICY ACT OF ’05 IS A GOOD INDICATION OF THE WAY THE AFF PLAN WILL BE USED – THAT LAW CREATED UNPRECEDENTED POWER FOR THE USFG TO GRANT RIGHTS OF WAY THROUGH INDIAN LAND IF IT WAS IN THE INTEREST OF AN ENERGY RELATED PROJECT – THE SEEMING BOON TO TRIBES WAS REALLY A GUTTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORICAL PRESERVATION ACTS AND U.S. TRUST OBLIGATIONS

Awehali, 2006
(Brian, Project Censored Award Winner, tribal member of the Cherokee Nation, founder of LiP: Informed Revolt, an award winning quarterly journal on politics and philosophy, "NATIVE ENERGY FUTURES: Renewable Energy %26 the New Rush on Indian Lands," June, Online: http://loudcanary.com/2006/06/05/native-energy-futures/-http://loudcanary.com/2006/06/05/native-energy-futures/)
*this card has been able-ist and ruralist language modified 

It’s probably no coincidence that this purchase coincided with that month’s passage of the 2005
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resolved — through litigation — has actually¶ made the underlying disputes worse. 

liberal reformism is a way to alleviate white guilt; ultimately just a plea for erasure by shoring up the magnamity of phallicized whiteness. comfort of imagined future reconciliation contributes to violence and a will to amnesia. Only the relinquishing of the future and liberal values can allow us to engage.

Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 157-8(MI)

The registers of the confessions of white guilt thereby differ considerably¶ from those of
AND
further evidence of the magnanimity, generosity, and compassion¶ of whiteness.

Our alternative is reject the 1ac’s desiring practices

Act of rejection is key.  Eroticism’s embrace of meaninglessness, with no future anterior embraces the anxiety of a world without the affirmative.  In cultures of phallicized whiteness, this meaninglesss is projected onto racialized and sexed bodies. All other approaches seek the abject as an object of desire, a lack to be erased or contained, rather than one of pleasure.   it returns us to the site of the ontological break from eroticism that created "the human".

Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 137-139(MI)

Bataille’s Eroticism: Queering Pleasures¶ Bataille historicizes this teleological orientation toward the meaningful¶
AND
behead reason, to rid the subject of its ’place’ in the universe

Framing

Interpretation:  The aff must defend the political implications of the plan as well as the epistemological and methodological groundings of the 1AC.

Standards:

1. Ground –The affirmative team must defend the entirety of the 1AC, not just select parts.  It’s a question of the plan action as well as the advantages and epistemology that justifies it.  Negative ground is only to prove that the affirmative is not desirable.

Agency DA- The detached stance of the policy maker in debate divorces us from true advocacy and is one of the most debilitating failures of contemporary education. Throwing around the words genocide and talking as if you have resolved global warming is precisely that.

DSRB 2008
(Shanara,"THE HARSH REALITIES OF "ACTING BLACK": HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE," pg. 118-120)

Mitchell observes that the stance of the policymaker in debate comes with a "sense
AND
attempt to make their social locations visible and relevant to their rhetorical stance.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: USC PS | Judge: Powers, Evans, Bausch

Technology always serves the interests of the powerful, it results in ecological exploitation and the commodification of life itself

T.H.U.G. 2005 (Tree Huggin Urban Guerillas, Disorderly Conduct ~%236, http://insurgentdesire.org.uk/ whycivilization.htm)
Throughout its development, technology always played an ever-expanding role. In fact
AND
- the final stage of civilization - the age of neo-life.

Solar energy can never replace fossils— intermittency will need backup for winter

Trainer 08
"RENEWABLE ENERGY – CANNOT SUSTAIN AN ENERGY-INTENSIVE SOCIETY". Ted Trainer University of NSW, Kensington. 2052. 26.8.08 http://bravenewclimate.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/trainer_renewable_sustainable_society.pdf-http://bravenewclimate.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/trainer_renewable_sustainable_society.pdf(MI)

The climate data seems to show that despite their storage capacity solar thermal systems would
AND
they cannot be a solution to the integration problems left by other renewables.

They misidentify the cause, they focus on redistribution rather than concept of civilization itself which they tacitly reinforce. civ is the root of extinction.

Kotke 2008 (WM.H, Published Author, "Final Empire" http://www.rainbowbody.net/Finalempire/FEchap2.htm Cites MIT Study)

The standard extrapolation of the growth curves since the 1900’s can easily be drawn out
AND
we are the people who will be attempting to live through the climax.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: USC PS | Judge: Powers, Evans, Bausch

To view their affirmative as separable from its hetero-normative institutions is to privatize queer violence, to view as excess rather than endemic to a system that desires the death of all queer life.

Stanley '11
Eric "Near Life, Queer Death:Overkill and Ontological Capture" Social Text 107 • Vol. 29, No. 2 • Summer 2011  Emeritus at Pembroke College, Oxford University

Thinking violence as individual acts versus epistemic force works to support the normative and normalizing
AND
wounds to the throat, then what do the remaining fifty wounds signify?

The aff doesn't happen as a "choice" but rather a forced situation

Endres 09
Danielle "From Wasteland To Waste Site: The Role Of Discourse In Nuclear Power's Environmental Injustices." Local Environment 14.10 (2009): 917-937. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. 2005 Ph.D. Communication University of Washington 1999 M.A. Communication San Diego State University 1997 B.A. History University of Oregon

Native American environmental organisations (i.e. Honor the Earth, Indigenous Environ
AND
, especially if the site is also presented as being in the national interest

They say that these groups desire it ---This is a form of shallow inclusion that reduces the interests of entire group to a sound-bite – they depoliticize the voices of marginalized groups to maintain the normative coherence of the nation

Berlant 10
Lauren Berlant, The Queen of America Goes to Washington City: Essays on Sex and Citizenship (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997) 37, Questia, Web, 25 Oct. 2010.

More than a struggle to establish a political public sphere, norms of proper national
AND
official national narrative while being expatriated from citizenship's promise of quotidian practical intimacy.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: USC PS | Judge: Powers, Evans, Bausch

Perm functions as erasure. Attemping to overcome differences without addressing its ontological construction is perpetuates racial domination by papering over the zero sum field of social inequity?? (fix tag) There can be no legal reform until the alternative.

Winnubust 06
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 54-57 (MI)

We must then ask the difficult and painful question of whether the law,¶ with
AND
parity in the distribution of capitalism’s scarce access to economies¶ of abundance.

Focus on implementation means we never consider how our communicative modes enable structural violence.

Gherke 1998 ~Pat J, Former Debate Coach and Rhetorical Scholar, "Critique Arguments as Policy Analysis: Policy Debate Beyond the Rationalist Perspective," Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, 19, 1998, pp. 18-39~

Arguably, some policies may intend no more than their implementation. However, that
AND
enduring and dramatic effects of the communicative aspects of policies and policy advocacy.

Adding queer content to a dominant framework leaves the heteronormative structures unchallenged.  The alt can only solve if it remains distanced from the dominant mode of thought by challenging the tensions between the alt and the affirmative.

Winans 06, associate professor of English at Susquehanna University
Amy E., Pedagogy 6.1 (2006) 103-122  Queering Pedagogy in the English Classroom: Engaging with       the Places Where Thinking Stops. 

What I am proposing in this essay is not simply that we should discuss sexual
AND
~ing~ the brew" that merits further exploration in our classrooms.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth CL | Judge: S. Lundeen, Hagwood, Jordan
Pre-emptive framework in the 1AC is an independent reason that the affirmative should lose.
It forces us into a normative construction of politics that privileges the white body by foreclosing the possibility of pedagogies that teach us how to engage a variety of different perspectives. Forcing a default framing of utilitarianism via threats of extinction and the invocation of pre-emptive epistimology puts women and minorities at an automatic competitive disadvantage.
Goh ‘6 (Irving, recently has been Visiting Fellow at Harvard University, where he worked on a research project on Balibar's philosophy of citizenship. He has also been Research Fellow at the National University of Singapore. His research emphasis is in continental philosophy and its intersections with other disciplines like politics, literature, and architecture, “Disagreeing Preemptive/Prophylaxis: From Philip K. Dick to Jacques Ranciere” Fast Capitalism, 2.1, http://www.uta.edu/huma/agger/fastcapitalism/2_1/goh.html)

There is something … in all its forms. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth CL | Judge:  S. Lundeen, Hagwood, Jordan
The ballot is something political. Beyond strictly wins and losses, it informs the way that we create norms in this community.
We are graded according to idealizations of the proper debate subject – this means that we often must negotiate our own subjectivities in order to speak here in the first place.
This is gendered for a few reasons:
Argument Emphasis
Logic and rationality are prioritized modes of speaking, meaning any arguments that aren’t in these idealized frames are seen as inferior and are less likely to be evaluated, and those who are making the arguments are punished for their difference in modes of articulation.
Risk calculus is also prioritized over our relationship to our community, and the actual impact to the words that we are using. Sometimes, for the sake of “having answers,” people are willing to justify some reprehensible things such as racism, imperialism, sexism, and small(er) wars to avoid risking large scale wars.
Debate Personas
 debate idolizes a “standard man.” Our community holds competitors up to a standard that determines how speaker points are allocated, who wins and loses and what a “good” debater acts like and debates like. This reference point we use is based on masculine traits such as dominating cross-ex, speaking loudly, quickly and with authority, and prioritizing facts and “objective” knowledge over personal experience.

Eisenberg (Stephanie, San Francisco State University, “Speaking from the Margins: Negotiating Barriers to Women’s Participation and Success in Policy Debate,” KD)

Even though women …when performing masculinity.

Sexual Violence
There is a serious problem in debate. For as outspoken and progressive as we’d like to think we are, we still have a hard time addressing sexual violence and harassment that happens within our own community.
Debate is a unique situation where, if someone does not come forward about the experience to those considered to be in authority through the proper channels, it becomes likely that you are essentially forced to interact with your attacker. Tournaments become incredibly hard to navigate, considering they may be down any hallway that you choose to walk down, there is likelihood that they will be involved with a team that you have to debate in some fashion.  The risk of having to confront that experience repeatedly in one weekend is extraordinarily high.
The tools that we are given to address such issues, such as filing a sexual harassment claim with CEDA, are lengthy and an equally traumatic process.
The impact is the actual limitation of participation.
The numbers speak for themselves. There are many fewer women in college debate than there are in high school.
Schwartz-DuPre writes:
When outsiders ask … not mutually exclusive.
Beyond the disparity in high school and college policy debate, it becomes even greater when noting structural barriers that keep vastly even more women out of the national circuit or outrounds.
Bruschke and Matz write:
Both previous and … in preliminary rounds. 

  Schwartz-Dupre ‘6 (Rae Lynn. “Women in Debate: From Virtual to Material,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, 27, 2006.)
  Schwartz-Dupre ‘6 (Rae Lynn. “Women in Debate: From Virtual to Material,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, 27, 2006.)
  Bruschke and Matz ‘6 (Jon and S. Irene. “Gender Inequity in Debate, Legal, and Business Professions,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, 27, 2006. http://commfaculty.fullerton.edu/imatz/Research_Articles/Gender_Inequity/Gender_inequity_in_debate.htm)

We must focus on how our language shapes our perceptions as debaters, people, and political subjects. We may not be able to make a change in the “real” world, but we can change our community

Rebecca Bjork, former college debater, coach, and professor in ‘93 (former college debater and former associate professor at the University of Utah, where she taught graduate and undergraduate courses in Communication and Women in Debate, Reflections on the Ongoing Struggle, Debater's Research Guide 1992-1993: Wake Forest University.Symposium, web.archive.org/web/20011012220529/members.aol.com/womynindebate/article3.htm)

In the last few years, …. that we have.

The stability of the aff is ensured through a state of emergency for wimmin. The affirmative places undue emphasis on existential impacts – this calculus has gained epistemological privilege that requires low burden of proof due to assumptions and preferences of discourse advanced by individuals isolated from everyday impacts of social hierarchies like colonialism – must actively displace this dominant understanding of violence by over-privileging “everyday” violence like poverty and political repression. 

Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 04-- Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 (MI)

This large and .... heightened personal security.
 

Law transforms difference into inequality under capitalist patriarchies, i.e. status quo democracy
Alexander and Mohanty ’97 (M. Jacqui and Chandra Talpade. Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures, 1997. pg. xxxi-xxxii)
How do we … survival and well-being. 

Our alternative is to reject masculinism in favor of a method that privileges the female embodied subject.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth CL | Judge: S. Lundeen, Hagwood, Jordan
Deliberation creates short term solutions masking larger destructive social relations—only criticism can create break down these normative structures
Eckersley 02
Robyn, Environmental Pragmatism, ecocentrism and deliberative democracy: between problem-solving and fundamental critique, http://eprints.infodiv.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001950/02/Envpragchap5.pdf Professor in the School of Politics, Sociology and Criminology, University of Melbourne (MI)

From the point of …and narrow problem- solving. 

The apocalyptic imagining of climate change produces technological or treaty fixes which leave the root cause of environment destruction and makes other environmental problems seem acceptable and allows for species elimination, ocean destruction, deforestation, and other problems
Crist, 2k7 Eileen Crist, Associate Professor of Science and Technology Studies in the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at Virginia Tech “Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse” Telos 141 Winter 2007
While the dangers … of life on Earth.

Technology always serves the interests of the powerful, it results in ecological exploitation and the commodification of life itself
T.H.U.G. 2005 (Tree Huggin Urban Guerillas, Disorderly Conduct #6, http://insurgentdesire.org.uk/ whycivilization.htm)
Throughout its development, … - the final stage of 

The Affirmative ignores the fundamental antagonism of Modernity: that civil society and the sustenance of American ontological hegemony is only possible through a parasitic relationship to the Black. Progressives and the belief in sustaining multicultural perspectivism only obfuscates the single narrative that lies in the backdrop of American society. Particularly, their belief that singularity can emerge productively is bad faith in the neutrality of space that sustains the apparatus of anti-blackness.  

Wilderson, 2010
(Frank, Assoc Prof of African Amerian Studies @ UC Irvine, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of US Antagonisms, pages 1-9 MI

When I Was … are most resilient.

1AC: Remove restrictions on AWE

1NC: Preempts PIC, Feminism K, Case

2NC: K

1NR: K, Case 

2NR: K