Tournament: UGA | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NC – Topicality Production

1.Interpretation - Incentives must be intentionally designed to increase production

Anastos, 8 – RESEARCHER, CROSS GOVERNMENT RESEARCH, POLICY AND PRACTICE BRANCH, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER, MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND CITIZENS’ SERVICES (Douglas, "DO INCENTIVES WORK? CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN ACTIVITIES THROUGH INCENTIVE PROGRAMS", 6/18, http://www.cio.gov.bc.ca/local/cio/kis/pdfs/incentive_programs.pdf-http://www.cio.gov.bc.ca/local/cio/kis/pdfs/incentive_programs.pdf) WHAT ARE INCENTIVES? The term ―incentive,‖ in its modern usage, was conceived in early twentieth century American debates of socialist economics and behavioural psychology. In the original context of industrial relations, psychologists regarded incentives as tools of labour control used in behavioural engineering experiments. Socialist economists adopted the notion that incentives might take the place of profit as a motivator in a planned economy with common ownership, and thereby correct deficiencies of automatic market forces (Grant, 2002). Today, incentives are broadly understood in a range of fields and contexts as devices designed to make one choice more attractive than any other alternative. According to Grant (2002), an incentive is "an offer of something of value, sometimes with a cash equivalent and sometimes not, meant to influence the payoff structure of a utility calculation so as to alter a person’s course of action". (p. 111). Fundamentally, incentives seek to change the status quo by motivating an action that would not occur naturally or automatically. Though incentive programs often take the form of conditional rewards, commonly referred to as the "carrot and stick approach," they differ from rewards in one important way. A reward or punishment, unlike an incentive or disincentive, is merited or deserved. Further, incentives are not synonymous with motivation, in the broad sense of the term, because they fail to account for action that is initiated by the individual or is understood as internally motivated (Grant, 2002). One final distinction, particularly in the corporate sense, is between the concepts of compensation and incentive. The former implies an equalization or redress of a balance, while an incentive is offered as a bonus to motivate one to produce beyond the usual expectation. Incentives, in other words, are intentionally designed to exceed an amount set by market forces. An incentive program is a trust-based arrangement between a provider and a consumer, something that Grant (2002) refers to as a negotiation made in the context of an authority relationship. Obreiter and Nimis (n.d.) comment on some of the common issues and patterns that arise in this relationship: • Roles: In general, the entity distributing the incentive acts as provider, while the recipient or consumer accepts the incentive with the condition of involvement of an activity. In such a situation, the incentive pattern imposes symmetrical roles. • Remuneration: Every incentive program introduces its own type of remuneration with the goal of directing actions. Again, the remuneration scheme is a two-way exchange, as recipients act based on the arrangements of the incentive program. • Trust: Trust and cooperation are essential components of an effective incentive program both for producers and for recipients. Recipients need to know that the program will continue to offer the incentive and producers need to know that participants in the program will follow through with their role in the program once they have received the incentive. • Scalability: Scalability refers to the number of agencies involved in the program as providers and the number of recipients collecting incentives. A large number of agencies involved in the program as providers may complicate implementation. • Implementation issues: A range of implementation issues arise when developing an incentive program. Many of these can be mitigated through attention to the above points.

B. Violation – the Aff does not increase incentives for energy production -  Courts have acknowledged a separation of ENERGY PRODUCTION and Research and Development.

US District Court 99 EVELYN HEINRICH ON BEHALF OF HER HUSBAND GEORGE HEINRICH, HENRY
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, the Court views ~67~ the exclusive function test as met.

C. Topicality is a Voting Issue

Ground – the heart of this years topic are the debates over which type of energy is superior AND how the market will achieve that.  They skirt this debate by claiming they research nanotech and other crazy things that don’t exist.

Limits – there are THOUSANDS of potential restrictions and THOUSANDS of incentive programs – the only way to limit this topic for research is to ensure the negative has a link to energy based disads on SUPPLY not use.

Grammatical Precision – the resolution asks the US to reduce restrictions ON energy production – it does not say ITS restrictions meaning they must defend a DECREASE in total number of restrictions.

Extra Topicality – At best the affirmative increases the SUPPLY in addition to other elements – this proves the resolution alone is insufficient and provides them with additional solvency ground.

Only two types of current Solar Power – Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal

Washington 11 (Nikia, "Solar Technology Shatters the Old Glass City", http://blogs.bgsu.edu/blackswampjournal/2011/08/02/solar-technology-shatters-the-old-glass-city/-http://blogs.bgsu.edu/blackswampjournal/2011/08/02/solar-technology-shatters-the-old-glass-city/) What is Solar Energy Solar power, as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency-http://www.epa.gov/region1/eco/energy/re_solar.html, is the energy received from the sun to create renewable energy. Two types of solar technologies currently exist in the market: photovoltaic, which collects energy from the sun to provide electricity, and concentrated solar energy (solar thermal), which magnifies the intensity of the sun to create heat. The solar thermal method uses the sun to warm an anti-freeze liquid in tubes called solar thermal collectors. The liquid is then transferred to a heating tank, commonly used for hot water and space heating. The photovoltaic method uses photovoltaic silicon cells, usually linked together to generate maximum power, to collect energy from the sun. A grid gathers the energy from the cells and then converts it to operational electricity.

1NC – Politics DA

Immigration reform is moving through the Senate but the specifics still need to be negotiated – Obama’s political capital is key

CBS News 1/28/13 "Key senators agree on sweeping immigration reform" http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57566097/key-senators-agree-on-sweeping-immigration-reform/-http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57566097/key-senators-agree-on-sweeping-immigration-reform/

A bipartisan group of leading senators has reached agreement on the principles of sweeping legislation
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supporting immigration reform with a path to citizenship has become a political imperative.

The plan uniquely disrupts Obama’s ability to pass immigration reform – energy policy derails compromises and its being avoided now.

Day 12/27/12 Rob Day is a Partner with Black Coral Capital, based in Boston. He has been a cleantech private equity investor since 2004, and acts or has served as a Director, Observer and advisory board member to multiple companies in the energy tech and related sectors, currently including Digital Lumens, Next Step Living, and Powerit Solutions. "Cleantech Investing: 2013 Predictions" http://www.greentechmedia.com/cleantech-investing/post/cleantech-investing-2013-predictions-http://www.greentechmedia.com/cleantech-investing/post/cleantech-investing-2013-predictions 

I plan to write up some observations soon from a couple of trips I made
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the White House and Congress horse-trade in favor of higher priorities.

Immigration reform is necessary to revive the economy.

Ezra Klein 1/31/13 Worried about the economy? Then pass immigration reform  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/31/worried-about-the-economy-then-pass-immigration-reform/
Washington tends to have a narrow view of what counts as "economic policy."
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business owners. Immigration reform is a way to get more of both.

Econ decline causes nuclear war

Mead 9. ~2/4, Walter Russell, Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, Only Makes You Stronger: Why the recession bolstered America, The New Republic~
None of which means that we can just sit back and enjoy the recession.
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the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight. 

1NC – Warming Advantage

1. No warming- Newest peer review studies prove

Taylor ’11 (7/27- senior fellow for environment policy at the Heartland Institute (2011, "New NASA Data Blow Gaping Hole In Global Warming Alarmism," Forbes, http://blogs.forbes.com/jamestaylor/2011/07/27/new-nasa-data-blow-gaping-hold-in-global-warming-alarmism/) 

NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth’s atmosphere is allowing
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great deal about how honest the purveyors of global warming alarmism truly are. 

2. Negative feedbacks solve- No tipping point

McShane 8 (Owen, the chairman of the policy panel of the New Zealand Climate Science Coalition and director of the Center for Resource Management Studies, 4-4-8, The National Business Review (New Zealand), "Climate change confirmed but global warming is cancelled", Lexis)

Atmospheric scientists generally agree that as carbon dioxide levels increase there is a law of
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to Spencer agreeing that he is right%21 There goes the alarmist neighbourhood%21 

3. Warming doesn’t cause extinction

Lomborg ’8 (Director of the Copenhagen Consensus Center and adjunct professor at the Copenhagen Business School, Bjorn, "Warming warnings get overheated", The Guardian, 8/15, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/15/carbonemissions.climatechange-http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/15/carbonemissions.climatechange

These alarmist predictions are becoming quite bizarre, and could be dismissed as sociological oddities
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to be 1,700% richer by the end of this century. 

4. Can’t solve warming – no country will get on board

Hale ’11 - PhD Candidate in the Department of Politics at Princeton University and a Visiting Fellow at LSE Global Governance, London School of Economics (Thomas, "A Climate Coalition of the Willing," Washington Quarterly, Winter, http://www.twq.com/11winter/docs/11winter_Hale.pdf

Intergovernmental efforts to limit the gases that cause climate change have all but failed.
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successor to the Kyoto Protocol, at least not in the near future.

Climate model forecast is revised- EVEN IF warming is real, models show it is not that bad

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20947224-http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20947224 David Shukman 8 January 2013

The UK Met Office has revised one of its forecasts for how much the world
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transparency as soon as it became available from the computer that produced it.
It describes the decadal projections as part of an experimental effort launched in 2004 to
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by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in September.

1NC – Economy Advantage

4 things the plan doesn’t do that are necessary to solve Nanotechnology

Matthew M. Nordan, Vice President Of Research, Lux Research, Inc, 2005, Hearing, June,  http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/science/hsy21950.000/hsy21950_0f.htm

What can the U.S. do to maintain and, moreover, extend
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, like nanoparticulate explosives, and impose sensible controls on them within existing frameworks

Research won’t produce new nanotech applications

John Sargent, senior advisor to the Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy, May 15, 2008,Nanotechnology and U.S. Competitiveness, http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/106153.pdf

Basic research in nanotechnology may not translate into viable commercial  applications.  Though no formal
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commercial applications, and many advances in  scientific understanding may not present commercial opportunities

Patent bottlenecks block nanotech development

Dr. Raj Bawa, a biochemist and microbiologist, is a registered patent agent licensed to practice before the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), 2007, Albany Law Journal of Science %26 Technology, "Nanotechnology Patent Proliferation And The Crisis At The U.S. Patent Office", p. 699-700
There is enormous excitement and expectation regarding nanotechnology’s potential impact. However, securing valid
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a robust patent system will stimulate the development of commercially viable nanotechnology products.

Economic decline does not cause War – Studies Prove And Democracies Solve

Miller, 2K
(Faculty of Administration, University of Ottawa, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, No. 4, pg.277)
The question may be formulated. Do wars spring fro popular reaction to a sudden
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by increasing repression (thereby using one form of violence to abort another).

No Collapse – Empirically Denied

Gordon 08
 John Steele Gordon Wednesday, October 22, 2008 Journal of the American enterprise institute John Steele Gordon is one of America’s leading historians, specializing in business and financial history. A full-time writer for the last nineteen years, Gordon’s articles have been published in, among others, Forbes, Forbes FYI, Worth, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times’s and The Wall Street Journal’s Op-Ed pages, and The Washington Post’s Book World and Outlook  Panics and Politics http://www.american.com/archive/2008/october-10-08/panics-and-politics-http://www.american.com/archive/2008/october-10-08/panics-and-politics  d.a. 7-15-10
Will the current financial crisis spur a major political realignment? If history is any
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unpopular and ineffective president, and his defeat did not signal a realignment.

1NC - Nanotech

4 things the plan doesn’t do that are necessary to solve Nanotechnology

Matthew M. Nordan, Vice President Of Research, Lux Research, Inc, 2005, Hearing, June,  http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/science/hsy21950.000/hsy21950_0f.htm

What can the U.S. do to maintain and, moreover, extend
AND
, like nanoparticulate explosives, and impose sensible controls on them within existing frameworks

Research won’t produce new nanotech applications

John Sargent, senior advisor to the Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy, May 15, 2008,Nanotechnology and U.S. Competitiveness, http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/106153.pdf

Basic research in nanotechnology may not translate into viable commercial  applications.  Though no formal
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commercial applications, and many advances in  scientific understanding may not present commercial opportunities

Patent bottlenecks block development

Dr. Raj Bawa, a biochemist and microbiologist, is a registered patent agent licensed to practice before the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), 2007, Albany Law Journal of Science %26 Technology, "Nanotechnology Patent Proliferation And The Crisis At The U.S. Patent Office", p. 699-700
There is enormous excitement and expectation regarding nanotechnology’s potential impact. However, securing valid
AND
a robust patent system will stimulate the development of commercially viable nanotechnology products.

US decline in nanotech leadership leads to co-op not war

Larry Greenemeier, Scientific American, "Heady days of nanotech funding behind it, the U.S. faces big challenges," 8/18/2010, 9http:www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=heady-days-of-nanotech-funding-behi-2010-08-180
Nearly a decade after the U.S. launched its National Nanotechnology Initiative (
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to manufacture and integrate carbon nanotubes and other microscopic materials into final products.

Nanotech arms race is unlikely – development stable

Jim Logajan Co-director of the MOD Business Newsgroup, 7-6-2004
http://venusia.golgothe.net/pipermail/sci.nanotech/2004-July/001210.html-http://venusia.golgothe.net/pipermail/sci.nanotech/2004-July/001210.html
Since nanotechnology will make irrelevant many of the motivations that drive national antagonisms, the
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subsequent arms race is potentially unstable - but the technology involved is irrelevant. 

Squo international arms control will solve nanotech arms races and wars

Bryan Burns, Ph.D. from Cornell and nanotech scholar, February 13, 2005
http://nanodot.org/comments.pl?sid=01/02/14/0132244%26cid=1
In terms of achieving safety in peaceful uses of nanotechnology, the prospects seem good
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but also the stability that might be promoted by modest levels of deterrence. 

Tournament: UGA | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NC – Politics DA

Immigration reform is moving through the Senate but the specifics still need to be negotiated – Obama’s political capital is key

CBS News 1/28/13 "Key senators agree on sweeping immigration reform" http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57566097/key-senators-agree-on-sweeping-immigration-reform/-http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57566097/key-senators-agree-on-sweeping-immigration-reform/

A bipartisan group of leading senators has reached agreement on the principles of sweeping legislation
AND
supporting immigration reform with a path to citizenship has become a political imperative.

The plan uniquely disrupts Obama’s ability to pass immigration reform – energy policy derails compromises and its being avoided now.
Day 12/27/12 Rob Day is a Partner with Black Coral Capital, based in Boston. He has been a cleantech private equity investor since 2004, and acts or has served as a Director, Observer and advisory board member to multiple companies in the energy tech and related sectors, currently including Digital Lumens, Next Step Living, and Powerit Solutions. "Cleantech Investing: 2013 Predictions" http://www.greentechmedia.com/cleantech-investing/post/cleantech-investing-2013-predictions-http://www.greentechmedia.com/cleantech-investing/post/cleantech-investing-2013-predictions 

I plan to write up some observations soon from a couple of trips I made
AND
the White House and Congress horse-trade in favor of higher priorities.

 Immigration reform is necessary to revive the economy.
Ezra Klein 1/31/13 Worried about the economy? Then pass immigration reform  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/31/worried-about-the-economy-then-pass-immigration-reform/
Washington tends to have a narrow view of what counts as "economic policy."
AND
business owners. Immigration reform is a way to get more of both.

Econ decline causes nuclear war
Mead 9. ~2/4, Walter Russell, Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, Only Makes You Stronger: Why the recession bolstered America, The New Republic~
None of which means that we can just sit back and enjoy the recession.
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the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight. 

1NC – A2 Russia Adv

US- Russia Relations Resilient – Spy Incident Proves
Nesnera, 10. Author or the Voice of America, a trusted source of news and information since 1942. Andre de Nesnera, "Spy Scandal Will Not Derail US-Russia Relations, Analysts Say", 6-29-10. Voice of America. Pg 1. (http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/europe/Spy-Scandal-Will-Not-Derail-US-Russia-Relations-Analysts-Say-97423019.html-http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/europe/Spy-Scandal-Will-Not-Derail-US-Russia-Relations-Analysts-Say-97423019.html).
Steven Pifer of the Brookings Institution also questions whether the alleged spy ring was effective
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progress where this is not going to be a huge threat to it."

 Zero Probability of US Russia War – No Military Threat, Dependent on Relations, And Arsenal Restrains
Graham 7 (Thomas, senior advisor on Russia in the US National Security Council staff 2002-2007, September 2007, "Russia in Global Affairs" July - September 2007, The Dialectics of Strength and Weakness)
An astute historian of Russia, Martin Malia, wrote several years ago that "
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while laying the basis for more constructive long-term relations with Russia.

Russian transportation of nuclear waste is uniquely dangerous, money meant for safety is stolen by corrupt officials, trains go off the rails, collide and risk dumping into the Baltic.
St. Petersburg Times 1-25-08 Ecologists Warn of Dangers to City of Nuclear Waste Cargo http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2%26story_id=24819
Tsepilova said the independent safety monitoring of Russia’s nuclear facilities is being made complicated by
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Baltic Sea purely as a convenient transportation route for all kinds of cargo."

Turn Even if they win that thorium is sage, it still causes reprocessing by other countries – any perception of support for reprocessing will spillover to other tech and builds international expertise.
Thomas B. Cochran, dir. Nuclear Program @ Nat. Resources Defense Council, 3-26-2004, "Critique of "The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study"", http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/10-50_Cochran.pdf
In addition, the MIT Study recognizes that the closed fuel cycle represents a serious
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U.S. nuclear plants will stick with the open fuel cycle. 

Reprocessing makes meltdowns exponentially worse.
Arjun Makhijani, Ph.D 2010 THE MYTHOLOGY AND MESSY REALITY OF NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING http://www.ieer.org/reports/reprocessing2010.pdf

Storage of liquid high-level wastes arising from present-day reprocessing technology creates
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military high-level waste tank occurred in the Soviet Union in 1957.

1NC A2 Waste/Environmental Justice Advantage

The reductiveness of environmental justice movements precludes a broader effort to end social and racial injustice.
Shellenberger 8 (Michael, environmental strategist, March/April, Utne Reader, "Complete Interview: The Temperature Transcends Race", p. 1-2, http://www.utne.com/2008-03-01/Environment/Complete-Interview-The-Temperature-Transcends-Race.aspx)
What started out as an effort to make environmentalism more expansive ended up making it
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simultaneously, not just with the ones that are defined as "environmental."

They put the cart before the horse – addressing environmental injustice doesn’t solve racism – it has to be the other way around
Stokes and Green 7 (Lance PhD CEO of ECI environmental consultants and engineers, Kenneth Chief scientists for ECI) http://www.ejconference2008.org/images/Green_Stokes.pdf)

The lack of environmental justice is the result of racism. Racism is so ingrained
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the implementation of environmental justice in the United States will not be actualized.
 
Reprocessing turns the advantage.
Arjun Makhijani, Ph.D 2010 THE MYTHOLOGY AND MESSY REALITY OF NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING http://www.ieer.org/reports/reprocessing2010.pdf
Fourth, reprocessing generates waste highly contaminated with plutonium, known in the United States
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life-cycle basis for comparing the various approaches to nuclear energy generation.

1NC A2: Prolif Advantage

Thorium doesn’t safeguard the fuel cycle
Rees ’11 – the Ecologist’s acting Green Living Editor (Eifion, "Don’t believe the spin on thorium being a ’greener’ nuclear option," June 23, The Ecologist, http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/952238/dont_believe_the_spin_on_thorium_being_a_greener_nuclear_option.html-http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/952238/dont_believe_the_spin_on_thorium_being_a_greener_nuclear_option.html
And yet the nuclear industry itself is also sceptical, with none of the big
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players is interested. Thorium reactors are no more than a distraction.’

Thorium causes greater proliferation threats in smaller facilities – the alternate process of protactinium eliminates prolif benefits.
Stephen F. Ashley,et al 12/6/12 Nature 492,
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the Centre for Nuclear Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Naturally-occurring thorium is made up almost entirely of thorium-232, an
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and greater vigilance is needed to protect against surreptitious activities involving this element.

Protactinium development of thorium Facilitates covert state proliferation
Stephen F. Ashley,et al 12/6/12 Nature 492,
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the Centre for Nuclear Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Given the need for access to a research or power reactor to irradiate thorium,
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three points should be included in debates on the proliferation attributes of thorium.

Nuclear Terrorism is false No theft and no impact
Gray 9—Associate Note and Comment Editor, Arizona State Law Journal. J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University, 2009; B.S. Political Science, Arizona State University, 2005 (John, Comment: Choosing the Nuclear Option: The Case for a Strong Regulatory Response to Encourage Nuclear Energy Development, Spring 2009, 41 Ariz. St. L.J. 315, Lexis)
 Nuclear power’s opponents also warn that nuclear energy may be a terrorist target,
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group of individuals would have difficulty simply picking up or hijacking the material. 

Not only does the material’s ~*335~ radioactivity prevent theft, but also its
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attack from stolen radiation would not be as dangerous as some fear. 122
No widespread proliferation – the technology is too complex.
Hymans 12 Jacques Hymans, USC Associate Professor of IR, 4/16/12, North Korea’s Lessons for (Not) Building an Atomic Bomb, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137408/jacques-e-c-hymans/north-koreas-lessons-for-not-building-an-atomic-bomb?page=show

Washington’s miscalculation is not just a product of the difficulties of seeing inside the Hermit
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, as a struggling proliferator, North Korea has a lot of company.

the aff can’t solve simply through benign tech transfer—IF economics were the only thing that drove nuclear plant decisions, then obviously there would never be prolif because it’s EXPENSIVE
Lewis 12
Jeffrey Lewis, director of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation, 8/1/12, It’s Not as Easy as 1-2-3, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/01/it_s_not_as_easy_as_1_2_3?page=full

Creating market incentives to discourage the spread of enrichment and reprocessing seems like a reasonable
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developing states might try to copy them rather than simply become their customers.

1NC Solvency

They can’t solve any advantage the Time Frame is too far off. Their ev is at best hypothetical—there’s a reason the industry isn’t investing.
NNL 12—National Nuclear Laboratory (UK), Comparison of thorium and uranium fuel cycles, NNL (11) 11593 Issue 5, A report prepared for and on behalf of Department of Energy and Climate Change, http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/meeting-energy-demand/nuclear/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdf
Thorium fuel cycle R%26D has a long history dating back to the very
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that there is little appetite or belief in the safety or performance claims.

Very long timeframe even with optimal market conditions – an increase in incentives for thorium still won’t get fuel vendors on board.
UK NNL (National Nuclear Laboratory), August 2010, "The Thorium Fuel Cycle," http://ripassetseu.s3.amazonaws.com/www.nnl.co.uk/_files/documents/aug_11/NNL__1314092891_Thorium_Cycle_Position_Paper.pdf-http://ripassetseu.s3.amazonaws.com/www.nnl.co.uk/_files/documents/aug_11/NNL__1314092891_Thorium_Cycle_Position_Paper.pdf
ThorEnergy advocates using plutonium as the initial "seed" material (the fissile material
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be feasible in the following ten years if the market conditions are conducive.

Thorium supporters are conspiratorial and distort the truth.
Shahan 12—Zachary Shahan, Director of CleanTechnica, 9/11/12, http://cleantechnica.com/2012/09/11/why-thorium-nuclear-isnt-featured-on-cleantechnica/-http://cleantechnica.com/2012/09/11/why-thorium-nuclear-isnt-featured-on-cleantechnica/
I had a reader email me recently asking why we don’t feature thorium nuclear technology
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every government that looks into the matter doesn’t want cheap, safe energy?

2NC

Thorium reactor would give countries a rationale to continue enrichment and reprocessing — can’t control how the technology is used
FOE Australia, 2012, "Thorium and WMD proliferation risks,"  http://foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/thorium
Thorium fuel cycles are promoted on the grounds that they pose less of a proliferation
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edu/~globsec/publications/pdf/9_1kang.pdf.)

Claims of proliferation resistance are false—thorium reactors produce U-233 which can be used for nukes – trust the IAEA not industry hacks.
NNL 12—National Nuclear Laboratory (UK), Comparison of thorium and uranium fuel cycles, NNL (11) 11593 Issue 5, A report prepared for and on behalf of Department of Energy and Climate Change, http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/meeting-energy-demand/nuclear/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdf
The absence of plutonium is in the thorium fuel cycle is claimed to reduce the
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in place for the thorium fuel cycle and there is no overall benefit.

 Threat of international response deters nuclear terror
Umana 11 – Felipe Umana is a contributor to Foreign Policy In Focus, from the Institute for Policy Studies. August 17, 2011, "Loose Nukes: Real Threat?" http://www.fpif.org/articles/loose_nukes_real_threat
The threat of military, political, and economic repercussions from foreign actors provides another
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a long history of economic sanctions, partly because of its nuclear program.

No domino theory—nonproliferation has zero utility
Potter 8
William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Summer 2008, Divining Nuclear Intentions, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v033/33.1.potter.pdf

Hymans is keenly aware of the deficiency of past proliferation projections, which he attributes
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regime prevented any of the leaders who desired nuclear weapons from pursuing them.

1NC – A2 Meltdowns Adv

Experts say the risk of a meltdown is nil – no extinction.
Robert Morris, Science Education Ph.D., 2000, The Environmental Case for Nuclear Power: Economic, Medical, and Political Considerations, p. 89
Forty-two years have passed since the first nuclear power plant went online in
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not proven to be very serious and apparently are nothing worth worrying about.

Thorium doesn’t burn up waste – it requires conventional reprocessing.
Lung %26 Gremm 1990 Nuclear Engineering and Design Volume 180, Issue 2, 2 March 1998, Pages 133–146
Perspectives of the thorium fuel cycle • In the long run, a sustainable system
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the end of its life, with a non-negligible residual value.