Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: KU | Judge: Reed

Inherency

The U.S. needs a national FiT to incentivize clean energy production

Aguillon 12 
( Cecilia, 8/7/12, Director of market development for Kyocera Solar, "Feed-In Tariffs: A Good FIT for the U.S. Solar Market", http://www.dailyenergyreport.com/2012/08/feed-in-tariffs-a-good-fit-for-the-u-s-solar-market/-http://www.dailyenergyreport.com/2012/08/feed-in-tariffs-a-good-fit-for-the-u-s-solar-market/, Dil)
You might be scratching your head at this point, thinking, "Why are Japan, Italy and Germany ahead of the U.S. in adopting solar power?"

Much of the answer lies in policy: The U.S. relies on tax breaks to incentivize solar, while the rest of the world uses some variation of the FIT program. The difference is key. A FIT program rewards people who invest in solar energy according to how much power they generate, in kilowatt hours (kWh). A tax incentive rewards solar adopters according to how much money they spent on their system.

Under a FIT, the system owner gets paid only for the electricity they produce, thus creating a strong disincentive against technologies that are unproven or don’t perform well over time. The U.S. tax incentive system, by contrast, doesn’t reward the performance of a system at all — only the cost.

America’s investment tax credit works poorly for two reasons. First, not everyone who wants the benefits of clean, renewable energy can benefit from tax incentives. Second, since U.S. tax credits are based on the system’s cost, higher system prices are rewarded as a matter of policy — doing little to make solar energy more affordable for consumers.

"The U.S. needs a system — like a feed-in-tariff — that rewards performance," said Tom Dyer, a 40-year industry veteran who recently retired as Kyocera Solar, Inc.’s vice president. "This would promote systems that are more likely to produce optimum power for decades, as opposed to incentivizing financial investment and de-emphasizing power production."

Already, in Hawaii and parts of California, it’s as economical to install solar as it is to buy power from the grid, according to Dyer, which is known as grid parity. Grid parity is key to making solar energy more widely available, and the FIT program offers a fast track to get there.

In addition to providing solar product manufacturers with an incentive to improve system quality and
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already live and work – distributed generation won’t disturb protected lands or wildlife.

Europe and Japan have demonstrated that when a solar incentive program is based on actual
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in the same way that distributed generation provides power "close to home."

Plan Text

Plan – The United States Federal Government should establish a feed-in tariff that requires electricity utilities to purchase wholesale electricity from wind and solar power producers through long-term contracts at a fixed premium above the wholesale market price of electricity.

Advantage One: Economic Leadership

We’re losing the renewable race

Mormann ’11 (Felix, prof at Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford Law School, "Requirements for a Renewables Revolution," 38 Ecology L.Q. 903)
The task of a timely transition to renewables is one of Herculean dimensions. The
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far-reaching that they may well be described as a renewables revolution.

Other nations are locking in their positions, a FIT solves

Toby D. Couture et al 2010, E3 Analytics, Karlynn Cory, Claire Kreycik, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,  Emily Williams, U.S. Department of State, July 2010 Technical Report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,  work was funded by the DOE, "A Policymaker’s Guide to Feed-in Tariff Policy Design,"
With their increasing worldwide adoption, feed-in tariffs are poised to play an
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spur further innovation and technological cost reduction (Diekman 2008, Hvelplund 2005).

A domestic market is key

Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy, CQ Transcriptions, Sen. Jeff Bingaman Holds a Hearing on Energy Department Budget, February 16, 2012 LN
CHU: Sure. Yes.
Very quickly, I think things like production tax credits are a way to stimulate
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either going to be buying or selling, and I’d rather be selling.

Robust renewable industry will promote exports, boosting US job growth

NREL December 2008 Report Number: NREL/TP-6A0-44261
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, "Strengthening U.S. Leadership of International Clean Energy Cooperation Proceedings of Stakeholder Consultations" http://www.nrel.gov/international/pdfs/44261.pdf
Economic and Market Benefits
U.S. leadership in clean energy markets will result in three types of
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U.S. exports2 resulting from a global clean energy market transformation.

Global demand is high, US involvement boosts economic stability

NREL December 2008 Report Number: NREL/TP-6A0-44261
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, "Strengthening U.S. Leadership of International Clean Energy Cooperation Proceedings of Stakeholder Consultations" http://www.nrel.gov/international/pdfs/44261.pdf
Climate change, the growing demand for fossil fuel resources, energy security, and
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presented in quantitative terms in the opportunity and benefits assessment section that follows.

====Only innovation can make decreases in emissions possible. US leadership is key.====
Dr. Rob Atkinson, et al 2011 President, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation C L I M A T E PRAGMATISM: Innovation, Resilience No Regrets http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Climate_Pragmatism_web.pdf

In the face of the persistent cost gap between cleaner alternatives and incumbent fossil fuels
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will require that we reset US energy policy as well as US climate policy

Green tech is unique and key to economic recovery

King, 12 ~[YaShekia King, January 2012, US Green Technology, "Green Technology Will Come to the Economy’s Rescue" (http://usgreentechnology.com/us-green-stories/green-technology-will-come-to-the-economys-rescue/)~~]
I wrote this article because when we look around at our economically devastated country,
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addition to saving space that otherwise would have to be dedicated to landfills. 

And, Economic decline causes nuclear war

Burrows and Harris ’09 (Mathew J. Burrows, counselor in the National Intelligence Council, PhD in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit, April 2009 "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf)

Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
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within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Advantage Two: Warming

Scientific consensus on anthropogenic warming

Anderegg et al 10 ~[William, Professor of Biology at Stanford University; James W. Prall, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto; Jacob Harold, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Stephen H. Schneider, Professor of Biology at Stanford University, Senior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment, "Expert credibility in climate change," 5-9, PNAS, vol 107, no 27, http://www.pnas.org/content/107/27/12107.full.pdf+html~~]
Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of climate scientists indicate striking agreement with the
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discussions in media, policy, and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.

Electricity sector and CO2 are key

Ferrey et al. ’10 (Steven, law prof at Suffolk, Chad Laurent JD at Suffolk, Cameron Ferrey president of Computers Across Borders, "Fire and Ice: World Renewable Energy and Carbon Control Mechanisms Confront Constitutional Barriers," 20 Duke Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y F. 125)
At the height of the last Ice Age, temperatures were only 5 ~[degrees
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successful GHG emission reduction plan will rely on reduction from the electricity sector.

Energy demand increasing

Mormann ’11 (Felix, prof at Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford Law School, "Requirements for a Renewables Revolution," 38 Ecology L.Q. 903)
With U.S. and global electricity generation expected to increase by 22 percent
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essential if current efforts in climate change mitigation are to be successful. n36
Fortunately, the case for rapid large-scale deployment of renewables in the electricity
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this Article focuses on the use of renewables for the generation of electricity.

New Renewables Can displace current emissions

Rossi ’10 (Jim, law prof at FSU, "The Future of Energy Policy: A National Renewable Portfolio Standard: The Limits of a National Renewable Portfolio Standard," 42 Conn. L. Rev. 1425)
The strongest case for renewables having a limited substitution effect may be in markets where
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although this requires a transmission system with sufficient capacity to accommodate renewables. n54

A Solution requires fast shift to renewables

Mormann ’11 (Felix, prof at Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford Law School, "Requirements for a Renewables Revolution," 38 Ecology L.Q. 903)
Climate change has turned the transition to renewable energy sources into one of the world’s
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despite the American public’s widespread awareness of and concern about climate change. n5
The transition to renewable sources of energy has long ceased to be of solely environmental
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growth in venture capital investment amidst the 2008/09 economic downturn. n9

Market forces are too slow – rate structure incentives are key to rapid transition

Mormann ’11 (Felix, prof at Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford Law School, "Requirements for a Renewables Revolution," 38 Ecology L.Q. 903)
The world’s decreasing oil reserves, ever stricter air pollution regulation, and struggles over
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. electricity mix at the speed necessary for successful climate change mitigation. n42
Today’s high-carbon economy must turn low-carbon by 2050 in order to
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who themselves tend to be electricity producers eager to eliminate additional competition. n94

====Plan rapidly cuts into fossil fuels ====
Alliance for Renewable Energy May 17, 2008, Why FITs?
http://www.allianceforrenewableenergy.org/2008/05/why-fits.html
Fits will speed up our shift from fossil fuels to clean renewable energy. IN
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, Germany alone saved 100 million tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere. 

US environmental leadership is key to creating global action

Ivanova and Esty, 2008
Maria Ivanova, PhD,  Assistant Professor at McCormack Graduate School, Director of the Global Environmental Governance Project and Daniel C. Esty, Professor of Environmental Law and Policy at Yale Law School "Reclaiming U.S. Leadership in Global Environmental Governance", Summer-Fall 2008, SAIS Review vol. XXVII no. 2, accessed July 5, 2012 from http://www.umb.edu/editor_uploads/images/centers_institutes/center_governance_sustain/Ivanova-Esty-SAISReview-2008.pdf-http://www.umb.edu/editor_uploads/images/centers_institutes/center_governance_sustain/Ivanova-Esty-SAISReview-2008.pdf
We contend, moreover, that not only is U.S. participation critical
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impact is significant."4 Little progress is made without the United States. 

Worst-case warming results in extinction

Ahmed 2010 (Nafeez Ahmed, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development, professor of International Relations and globalization at Brunel University and the University of Sussex, Spring/Summer 2010, "Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises," Spotlight on Security, Volume 5, Issue 2, online)
Perhaps the most notorious indicator is anthropogenic global warmings warming. The landmark 2007 Fourth
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– a situation endangering the survival of all life on earth.~[xi~]

No adaption to worst case – the impact is extinction

Tickell 8 (Oliver, Environmental Researcher, The Guardian, August 11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange-http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange, JMB, accessed 6-23-11)
We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson told
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the warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth 

Increased CO2 causes ocean acidification

Venkataramanan and smitha ’11(Department of Economics, D.G. Vaishnav College, Chennai, India Indian Journal of Science "Causes and effects of global warming p.226-229 March 2011 http://www.indjst.org/archive/vol.4.issue.3/mar11-pages159-265.pdf-http://www.indjst.org/archive/vol.4.issue.3/mar11-pages159-265.pdf)
Causes of global warming: The buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, mainly
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As carbon sinks fail, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere climbs%21

Ocean acidification will cause extinction

Romm 2012 (Joe Romm, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, March 2, 2012, "Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself," http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/)
The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions than they
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seafood" are poised to expand and "remain for thousands of years."

Solvency

Mismatched State policies undermines renewable deployment – now is key

Kopetsky ’8 (Brad A., J.D. U of Wisconsin Law School, "Deutschland Uber Alles: Why German Regulations Need to Conquer the Divided U.S. Renewable-Energy Framework to Save Clean Tech (And the World)," 8 Wis. L. Rev. 941)
Global warming, threats to energy security, and rising energy costs have become unavoidable
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been very successful and used as a model in many developing nations. n23

All other incentives and policies will fail – A federal feed in tariff will result in rapid deployment and development of renewables

Ferrey et al. ’10  (Steven, law prof at Suffolk, Chad Laurent JD at Suffolk, Cameron Ferrey president of Computers Across Borders, "Fire and Ice: World Renewable Energy and Carbon Control Mechanisms Confront Constitutional Barriers," 20 Duke Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y F. 125)
It is estimated that roughly half of new renewable energy power capacity in the United
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higher the return on investment guaranteed by the feed-in tariff rates.

FITs provide market stability resulting in rapid deployment of renewable tech

Toby D. Couture et al 2010, E3 Analytics, Karlynn Cory, Claire Kreycik, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,  Emily Williams, U.S. Department of State, July 2010 Technical Report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,  work was funded by the DOE, "A Policymaker’s Guide to Feed-in Tariff Policy Design,"
Feed-in tariffs (FITs) are the most widely used policy in the
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help meet combined energy security and emissions reductions objectives (Germany BMU 2007).
This policymaker’s guide provides a detailed analysis of FIT policy design and implementation and identifies
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considers both the relative advantages and disadvantages of various design options for FITs.
Drawing on the literature cited above, this paper explores experience with feed-in
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the prevailing market price (IEA 2008, Rickerson et al. 2007).
Criteria for judging the success of feed-in tariffs depend on the policy goals
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(Germany BMU 2007, Lipp 2007, Mendonça et al. 2009b).

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas | Judge: James Herndon

1AC - Inh

Obama is arbitrarily blocking Chinese investment in renewables now.

Edward Alden 10/2/12 Council on Foreign Relations The Changing Politics of Chinese Trade and Investment http://blogs.cfr.org/renewing-america/2012/10/02/the-changing-politics-of-chinese-trade-and-investment/

On the same day last week that President Obama was issuing an order blocking a
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getting harder – is to figure out whether both can be done simultaneously.

Econ

====Scenario 1 – Protectionism.====

====Obama~’s rejection of Chinese wind development signals protectionism and discourages foreign investment in American energy.====
Xinhua 9/30/12 The alarm bell of US protectionism rings loud - China.org.cn http://www.china.org.cn/business/2012-09/30/content_26681566.htm
A recent decision by U.S. President Barack Obama to block a Chinese
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a disturbing message to other foreign investors, no less the Chinese ones.

China will escalate to a full trade war if the US fails to reverse course.

Nick Juliano and John McArdle, 10/2/12 E%26E reporters  Obama~’s blocking of wind farm adds to U.S.-China tension
Posted: Tuesday, October 2, 2012 ~[~[http://www.governorswindenergycoalition.org/?p=3480-http://www.governorswindenergycoalition.org/?p=3480~~]~]

The Treasury Department said last week that blocking the Oregan project was done to protect
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economy still struggling to create jobs, that~’s the wrong signal to send."

The brink for an all-out trade war is now – action is critical.

Julie Crawshaw 8/23/12 Stephen Roach: Disastrous Trade War With China Looms Thursday, 23 Aug 2012 08:59 AM Read more: Stephen Roach: Disastrous Trade War With China Looms http://www.moneynews.com/StreetTalk/Roach-China-trade-war/2012/08/23/id/449486

Stephen Roach, former Chairman of Morgan Stanley Asia and current Yale professor, warns
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the Great Crisis, there is no shortage of itchy fingers in Washington."

In particular, the restriction on Chinese investment will spillover – makes conflict inevitable.

Daniel J. Graeber 10/1/12 Oilprice.com Energy New Front in Economic Warfare http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Energy-New-Front-in-Economic-Warfare.html

Opposition leaders in Canada suggested a string of cyber security threats to domestic companies might
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becomes the norm, so too may a different kind of global warfare.

====A US –China trade war escalates – collapses the global economy and becomes a shooting war.====
Wang and Li 11 (Jianhua and Yunlu—Xinhua news agency, citing Ni Feng, Vice President of the Institute of American Studies underthe Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zhao Jinping, vice director of the Foreign Economic Department of the Development Research Center (DRC) of the State Council "China-US trade war no good for anyone", October 13, 2011. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90780/7616581.html 

A trade war between the United States and China, each of which is the
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and will even lead to political and military confrontations in some sensitive regions. 

US-China trade conflict guts relations and is the most likely scenario for military escalation.

Landy 2007 (Ben Landy, Director of Research and Strategy at the Atlantic Media Company, April 3, 2007, google)
The greatest threat for the 21st century is that these economic flare-ups between
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– far more than increases in military budgets and anti-satellite tests.

Conflict with China will escalate to global nuclear war

Lee Hunkovic (Professor of Political Science at the American Military University) 2009 "The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict: Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan and the United States of America", ~[~[http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/ Hunkovic.pdf-http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/Hunkovic.pdf~~]~])
A war between China, Taiwan and the United States has the potential to escalate
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outcome, therefore, other countries will not be considered in this study.

And, Economic decline causes nuclear war

Burrows and Harris ~’09 (Mathew J. Burrows, counselor in the National Intelligence Council, PhD in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, a member of the NIC~’s Long Range Analysis Unit, April 2009 "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf)

Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
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within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Relations

Advantage 2 – Relations

The restriction on Chinese development singles out China and tanks relations.

Baker Botts LLP 10/1/12 "Update 2012 10 Intl Trade-President Obama Blocks Chinese-Owned Wind-Farm Development 2"  http://www.bakerbotts.com/file_upload/Update201210IntlTrade-PresidentObamaBlocksChinese-OwnedWind-FarmDevelopment2.htm
The U.S. Government maintains that the CFIUS process does not single out
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because they may be classified or otherwise difficult for an outsider to discern.

And, the restriction irritates already fragile China-US tensions.

CS Monitor 10/3/12 Obama blocks Chinese wind farm ownership in Oregon 

The decision marks the first time in more than 22 years that an American president
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Treasury Department statement attempted to play down the political gravity of the decision.

Restricting energy development on the basis that foreign investment is a threat to national security sends the signal that the US energy market is off limit and stifles US-China energy cooperation

Claudia Mahn 10/1/12 Global Insight October 1, 2012 President Obama blocks Chinese wind farm ambitions Lexis

However, in a statement on Friday, the Department of Treasury said the president~’s
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terminals currently under regulatory review (seeUnited States: 22 August 2012 .

Cooperation on energy spills over and solves broader US-China relations

Cronin 8/27 (2012, Dr. Patrick M. Cronin is Senior Advisor and Senior Director of the Asia-Pacific Security Program at the Center for a New American Security in Washington, D.C.  He is also the editor and co-author of Cooperation from Strength: The United States, China and the South China, "Averting Conflict in the South China Sea," http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/averting-conflict-in-the-south-china-sea/)
Geostrategic and globalization interests will both persist, forcing an uncomfortable mixture of competition and cooperation.

Cooperative schemes have foundered on distrust, and can be viewed cynically as seeking to
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the South China Sea will only be harnessed when there is such cooperation. 

Cooperative Clean-energy investment is critical to green-tech diffusion and solving climate change.

Lin 11 ~~~~~[Justin Yifu Lin, Former World Bank Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, "China, the US and clean energy cooperation," Jan 21 2011, http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/china-the-us-and-clean-energy-cooperation~~~~~~~~~~~~~~]
Second, there are also major long-term global benefits from clean energy cooperation
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planet~’s resources and safeguard future generations from the damaging effects of climate change.

Only US-China cooperation and investment solves.

Woetzel 9 ~~~~~[Dr. Jonathan Woetzel, Ph.D. in political science from USC, Director in McKinsey %26 Company~’s Greater China Office, August 2009, "China and the US: The potential of a clean-tech partnership,"  http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/China_and_the_US_The_potential_of_a_clean-tech_partnership_2419~~~~~~~~~~~~~~]

China and the United States, the world~’s dominant producers of carbon emissions, have
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all of these technologies, they cannot achieve separately what they could jointly.

Warming results in extinction

Ahmed 2010 (Nafeez Ahmed, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development, professor of International Relations and globalization at Brunel University and the University of Sussex, Spring/Summer 2010, "Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises," Spotlight on Security, Volume 5, Issue 2, online)
Perhaps the most notorious indicator is anthropogenic global warmings warming. The landmark 2007 Fourth
AND
– a situation endangering the survival of all life on earth.~~~[xi~~~]

No adaption to worst case – the impact is extinction

Tickell 8 (Oliver, Environmental Researcher, The Guardian, August 11, ~[~[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange-http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange~~]~], JMB, accessed 6-23-11)
We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson told
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the warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth

Scientific consensus on anthropogenic warming

Anderegg et al 10 ~~~[William, Professor of Biology at Stanford University; James W. Prall, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto; Jacob Harold, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Stephen H. Schneider, Professor of Biology at Stanford University, Senior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment, "Expert credibility in climate change," 5-9, PNAS, vol 107, no 27, http://www.pnas.org/content/107/27/12107.full.pdf+html~~~~~~]
Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of climate scientists indicate striking agreement with the
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discussions in media, policy, and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.

Solvency

Plan – The United States federal government should limit the review of foreign investment in wind power by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States to cases in which national security, not economic competition is a factor.

Only the plan solves – courts can~’t review the decision and only limiting the scope of review for CFIUS solves.

Stan Abrams 10/1/12 Beijing-based IP/IT lawyer and law professor. Obama Shoots Down Ralls Deal. What Happens Next? http://www.chinahearsay.com/obama-shoots-down-ralls-deal-what-happens-next/

So what happens next? If Ralls goes ahead with a lawsuit, it will
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deals, such as Nexen, will be somehow influenced by this case.

Explicitly removing economic competition from the scope of investment review solves.

David M. Marchick %26 Matthew J. Slaughter 2008 The Bernard and Irene Schwartz Series on American Competitiveness Global FDI Policy Correcting a Protectionist Drift CSR NO. 34, JUNE 2008 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

Principle 1: The investment review law should be narrowly tailored and focused on national
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investment in transactions that do not raise national security or other governmental interests.

The broad interpretation of national security fails – creates economic uncertainty, protectionism and hampers US foreign policy goals.

Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09 (Jamie FF, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT~’S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int~’l L. Rev. 167)

The broad and vague interpretation of national security by the CFIUS creates four distinct problems
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foreign policy goals, just when such cooperation is essential to global peace.

Only a narrow sector specific Limit solves, the plan creates clarity and predictability.

David Marchick 2008 Sovereign Wealth Funds And National Security OECD/City of London ConferenceMarch 31, 2008 www.oecd.org/investment/investmentpolicy/40395077.pdf
How Should National Security ReviewMechanisms be Structured? ➢ Narrowly tailored ▪ The investment-
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requiring investment reviews, the lists should be drafted as narrowly as possible. 

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: UGA | Judge: 

Adv 3 – FDI

The framework of the plan is necessary to create a model for other countries posture towards foreign investment. Key to signal global FDI transparency.

Georgiev, 2008 George Stephanov The Reformed Cfius Regulatory Framework: Mediating Between Continued Openness to Foreign Investment and National Security Yale Journal on Regulation › Vol. 25 Nbr. 1, January 2008

The regulatory regime that governs the national security review of foreign acquisitions of U.
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away from the U.S. economy through more liberal laws.5

FDI solves war - 4 reasons

Lee and Mitchell 2010
Hoon, Dept of Political Science – Texas Tech, and Sarah, Dept of Political Science – University of Iowa, Foreign Direct Investment and Territorial Disputes

Theoretical arguments relating FDI to interstate conflict can be categorized into three broad perspectives.
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the local population to benefit as well (Souva 2002: 12).4