Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Immigration reform passage is likely as a result of Obama~’s exertion of political capital – Boehner will let it though without a majority of the majority

Kludt 1/3/13 (Tom, Assistant Editor of TPM Media~’s PollTracker, "Report: Obama To Make Push For Immigration Reform This Month," http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/report-obama-to-make-push-for-immigration-reform)

President Barack Obama is prepared to use his political capital to pursue immigration reform this
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, without worrying about a majority of the majority," the aide said.

Obama won~’t waste political capital on fights outside of immigration – plan forces him to expend it and disrupts his triangulation strategy

Thrush 1/1 (Glenn Thrush, White House for Politico, "Fiscal cliff: President Obama~’s legacy trap," Politico, 1/1/13 ~[~[http://www.politico.com/story/2013/01/fiscal-cliff-obamas-legacy-trap-85636.html-http://www.politico.com/story/2013/01/fiscal-cliff-obamas-legacy-trap-85636.html~~]~])

While Democrats outside the West Wing viewed the fight over the fiscal cliff as a
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fights he feels he can~’t win than he was before beating Mitt Romney.

The plan uniquely disrupts Obama~’s ability to pass immigration reform – energy policy derails compromises and its being avoided now.

Day 12/27/12 Rob Day is a Partner with Black Coral Capital, based in Boston. He has been a cleantech private equity investor since 2004, and acts or has served as a Director, Observer and advisory board member to multiple companies in the energy tech and related sectors, currently including Digital Lumens, Next Step Living, and Powerit Solutions. "Cleantech Investing: 2013 Predictions" ~[~[http://www.greentechmedia.com/cleantech-investing/post/cleantech-investing-2013-predictions-http://www.greentechmedia.com/cleantech-investing/post/cleantech-investing-2013-predictions~~]~] 

I plan to write up some observations soon from a couple of trips I made
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the White House and Congress horse-trade in favor of higher priorities.

Impact – Global Aging – Open immigration key to US aging transition – solves global aging.

Haas, ~’7 (Political Science Professor — Duquesne, International Security, Summer)

The more the United States maintains its enviable demographic position (compared with the other
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jeopardize the level of global influence and security that the UnitedStates enjoys today.

Failure to address global aging results in Multiple nuclear wars.

Jackson %26 Howe, 11(Senior Fellow – CSIS %26 Senior Associate – CSIS,http://csis.org/files/publication/110104_gai_jackson.pdf)

A number of demographic storms are now brewing in different parts of the developing world
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already has nuclear weapons, while the other seems likely to obtain them.

Turns every impact — Aging crisis makes solvency for any global problem impossible.

Peterson, ~’99 (President — IIE, Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb)
The list ofmajor global hazards in the next century has grown long and familiar.
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manage, the other major challenges that will face us in the future.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Transcendent structures that exist outside of the community inevitably co-opt our ability to act, or Affect,  into their hierarchies of value which in turn assures all forms of exploitation ~[racism/sexism/colonialism~] continue.
Beasley-Murray 09 (Jon Beasley-Murray, Assistant Professor in Hispanic Studies, including social and political theory, "PART TWO: CONSTITUTION" http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/jbmurray/research/jbm_escalon.pdf ~[EB~])
Affect is, for Deleuze and Spinoza, an index of power: we may
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but also demonstrates reason’s addicted dependence upon sensual as well as spiritual stimulation.

Our alternative is a radical break from transcendence through adopting a machine-oriented ontology.
Machines cannot be co-opted through transcendence because they do not have an identity, subjectivity or end, rupturing all common notions of capturable life potential.
Colebrook 02 (Claire Mary Colebrook, Doctor of Philosophy (University of Edinburgh, 1993), English professor at Penn State University, "Gilles Deleuze" (Routledge Critical Thinkers).
One of the key ideas that runs throughout Deleuze’s work and which links his philosophy
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with the mind or brain being one (sophisticated) machine among others.

Tournament: UTD | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

States CP

Text: The state and federal territorial governments of the United States should  through Clean Energy Funds.

Solves best- states can take the lead on energy policies through CEFs
Milford et al ’12 ~Lew Milford is a non-resident senior fellow at Brookings and president of Clean Energy Group. Mark Muro is a senior fellow and director of policy for the Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings. Jessica Morey is a consultant to Clean Energy Group. Devashree Saha is a senior policy analyst at the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program. Mark Sinclair is executive director of Clean Energy States Alliance, "Leveraging State Clean Energy Funds for Economic Development," January, http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/11%20states%20energy%20funds/0111_states_energy_funds.pdf-http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/11 states energy funds/0111_states_energy_funds.pdf~

And so U.S. states, as classic "laboratories of experimentation,"
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to best leverage public and private dollars and to learn from each other’s experiences

Tournament: UTD | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Watershed DA

Increased natural gas destroys watersheds

Argetsinger, 11 — J.D. Candidate, Certificate in Environmental Law, Pace Law School
(Beren, Pace Environmental Law Review, "The Marcellus Shale: Bridge to a Clean Energy Future or Bridge to Nowhere?," 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 321, Fall 2011, l/n, accessed 5-24-12, mss)

As noted above, the EIA’s long-term projections estimate that over forty-
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can be a "bridge fuel" to a clean energy future. n98

Extinction

WWP, 10
(Western Watersheds Project, "Protecting Watersheds," 2010, www.westernwatersheds.org/issues/protecting-watersheds, accessed 5-29-12, mss)

Protecting Watersheds A watershed is land that contributes water to a stream, river,
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important than in the arid West which is literally running out of water.

Tournament: Northwestern | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lousiville GH | Judge: 

Framework

Interpretation—the purpose of the ballot is to answer the resolutional question: is the outcome of the enactment of a topical plan by the United States federal government better than the status quo or a competitive policy option?

They claim advantages independent of the plan and the imagination of governmental action. That’s at best extra topical.

1. "Resolved" before a colon reflects a legislative form.
   Army Officer School 2004 (5-12, "~%23 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon", http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm-http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)

The colon introduces the following: a. A list, but only after "
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resolved:" Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.

2. "United States federal government should" means the resolutional question concerns the imagination of outcome of the establishment of a policy by the government.
Jon M. Ericson 2003 (Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
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compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.

Reasons to prefer—

1. Fairness:
   
   A. Predictable limits—there are limitless investigations of democracy assistance and debate practice, but the grammar of the resolution is based on enacting a policy. We can’t predict the infinite number of critical positions the aff allows because they are disconnected from the resolutional question of demands for government action.

B. Ground—their framework makes stable ground impossible because they can always claim ’critical’ outweigh disads to the plan or shift their advocacy to avoid impact turns—must hold them to a central question for productive argumentation and idea testing to occur.  

2. Education:
A. Switch-side testing—changing the ballot from a yes/no question about desirability of the plan undermines effective argumentation because there is no point of stasis to continually re-interrogate, removing the ability to test their ideas and others.
And, this idea testing is the best model for creating understanding and fostering tolerance.
Gordon Mitchell et al. 2007 (Eric English, Stephen Llano, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief, and Carly Woods, Pitt Comm Studies Grad Students, Gordon Mitchell is an Associate Comm Studies Professor @ Pitt, Communication %26 Critical/Cultural Studies 4)
It is our position, however, that rather than acting as a cultural technology
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heirs to brand the activity as a ’’weapon of mass destruction.’’

—-The impact outweighs —- deliberative debate models impart skills vital to respond to existential threats.
Lundberg 2010
Christian O. Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Tradition of Debate in North Carolina" in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p. 311
The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating debate and
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with the existential challenges to democracy ~in an~ increasingly complex world. 

Tournament: Northwestern | Round: 2 | Opponent: Louisville GH | Judge: 

Should PIC

The United States federal government reduces restrictions on community involvement in energy production just like the debate communities reduces restriction on community involvement in knowledge production
Using the language "should" in the advocacy statement locks the affirmative into straight time.
Tom Boellstorff 2007 When Marriage Falls Queer Coincidences in Straight Time GLQ, Vol. 13-2

Queer theoretical arguments against same-sex marriage still work within the temporal assumptions of
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an "event," not just forms of reckoning the time of events.

The framework of Straight Time turns case. It depoliticizes the advocacy and is the manifestation of heteronormativity.
Tom Boellstorff 2007 When Marriage Falls Queer Coincidences in Straight Time GLQ, Vol. 13-2

These varied and important engagements with queer time differ in many ways, and I
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but bears no traces of that which it seeks to change through time.

The language of the plan matters. The textuality of the law demands critical attention because it produces the conditions for agency and difference.
Chandan Reddy 05 Asian Diasporas, Neoliberalism, and Family: Reviewing the Case for Homosexual Asylum in the Context of Family Rights Social Text 84–85, Vol. 23, Nos. 3–4, Fall–Winter 2005

By naming the law an "archive" I mean to observe how the law
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pasts and futures in the name of recording supposedly both difference and community.

In the context of race, language choices in policy have material consequences – it justifies the dehumanization of "others" with social and legal repercussions.
KEVIN R. JOHNSON 1997 Professor of Law, University of California at Davis. The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review  Winter, 1996-97  28 U. Miami Inter-Am. L. Rev. 263  COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS: PANEL ONE: "ALIENS" AND THE U.S. IMMIGRATION LAWS: THE SOCIAL AND LEGAL CONSTRUCTION OF NONPERSONS

Similar to the social construction of race, which legitimizes racial subordination, the construction
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flavor: "language matters. Law matters. Legal language matters." 32

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Wind DA

Increased wind turbine production causes massive environmental damage – habitat destruction, erosion, species loss

Rosenbloom 6 (Eric, Writer and Science Editor for Wind Watch Online, "A Problem With Wind Power")
 (Building on peat bogs is recognized as a serious disruption of an important
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acres for every megawatt of likely average output (25% capacity factor).

Interconnectedness guarantees extinction -

MSNBC 4 (9/4/04 "Study sees far deeper species extinction http://209.85.141.104/search?q=cache:qk-JkBCtr_0J:www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5951649/+species+extinction+environment+single%26hl=en%26ct=clnk%26cd=1%26gl=us)
Study co-author Heather Proctor, of Canada’s University of Alberta, said in
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, " the researchers concluded, "it is certainly an insidious one."

Biodiversity collapse threatens human extinction

Schlickeisen 2k (Rodger, President of Defenders of Wildlife and the Natural Resources Defense Council, May 24, Federal News Service
A 1998 survey by the American Museum of Natural History confirmed that a majority of
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the depletion of the ozone layer, global warming or pollution and contamination.

Tournament: Northwestern | Round: 7 | Opponent: Weber State SS | Judge: 

1NC – Japan CP

Text: Japan should provide all necessary funding for the formation of a thorium bank in the United States. Japan should provide all necessary funding for deep space technology.

Japan solves 100% of case

- Hiruo ’8 (Japan clears way for loan guarantees in US, Japan clears way for loan guarantees in US  BYLINE: Elaine Hiruo, Washington  SECTION: Pg. 1 Vol. 49 No. 39, Created: September 26, 2008

A Cabinet-level decision in Japan has opened the way for that country to
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a viable applicant increases as its dependence on a DOE loan guarantee decreases. 

Solves US incentives – opening new plants to foreign investment solves leadership.

Steve Skutnik, September 5, 2012, A cost-free way to open up nuclear investment, Ph.D. in nuclear engineering, University of Tennessee Assistant Professor of Nuclear Engineering http://theenergycollective.com/skutnik/109611/cost-free-way-open-nuclear-investment
 Given the difficulty then, it seems positively insane for any political leadership to
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to happen is for leaders to be willing to say, "Oui."

Tournament: Northwestern | Round: 7 | Opponent: Weber State SS | Judge: 

1NC – Prolif DA

Fuel banks cause nuclear fuel races causing non nuclear states to enrich before the door closes.

CS Monitor September 18, 2006 edition  UN nuclear watchdog ponders international ’fuel bank’ http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0918/p04s01-wogi.html
"This idea has been discussed for awhile, and I can understand when people
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enough to overcome longstanding hurdles of complex logistics and perceived infringement on sovereignty.

Thorium causes greater proliferation threats in smaller facilities – the alternate process of protactinium eliminates prolif benefits.

Stephen F. Ashley,et al 12/6/12 Nature 492,
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the Centre for Nuclear Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Naturally-occurring thorium is made up almost entirely of thorium-232, an
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and greater vigilance is needed to protect against surreptitious activities involving this element.

Protactinium development of thorium Facilitates covert state proliferation

Stephen F. Ashley,et al 12/6/12 Nature 492,
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the Centre for Nuclear Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Given the need for access to a research or power reactor to irradiate thorium,
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three points should be included in debates on the proliferation attributes of thorium.

Opt-out insures that there are more "virtual nuclear arsenals" after the plan.

Charles D. Ferguson APRIL 2007  CFR Fellow for Science and Technology    Nuclear Energy   Balancing Benefits and Risks     CSR NO. 28, COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
But before proceeding with any of these proposals, the United States and its  international
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partners need to be aware of potential unintended consequences of  fuel assurance proposals.  

D. These new nuclear programs cause Nuclear World War 3.

Henry Sokolski January 17, 2008  executive director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center and  editor of "Falling Behind: International Scrutiny of the Peaceful Atom," forthcoming  from the U.S. Army War College. Atomic:  Why are France and America  Helping the Mideast Go Nuclear? 

Moscow, though, is more in a rush to actually build reactors in the
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in more Middle Eastern states, history is likely to explosively repeat  itself.  

Proliferation risks global nuclear war and extinction
Krieger ’9  (David, Pres. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Councilor – World Future Council, "Still Loving the Bomb After All These Years", 9-4, https://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2009/09/04_krieger_newsweek_response.php?krieger)
Jonathan Tepperman’s article in the September 7, 2009 issue of Newsweek, "Why
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Jong-Il and his successors are more rational than Mr. Tepperman?