Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Emory PS | Judge: Nagy

The modern energy regime is sustained by two euphoric streams – hopes of abundant fossil fuels and a utopic belief in “green” renewables.

The resolution presents us with the same dilemma: fossil fuels, renewables, or both? We are told to sacrifice our agency to the will of a technocratic elite, bargaining ecological catastrophe for corporate dominance.

Byrne and Toly 6 (John Byrne, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate for his contribution to the IPCC, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and distinguished professor of energy and climate policy at the University of Delaware, Noah Toly, Director of Urban Studies and Associate Professor of Politics and International Relations, Wheaton College, 2006, Transforming Power: Energy, Environment, and Society in Conflict, eds. John Byrne, Noah Toly, Leigh Glover, pp. 19-29)

Democratic Authoritarian Impulses and Uncritical Capitalist Assumptions When . . . into energy-society relations awaits.

Our affirmative represents the third option: rethink the neoliberal subject. Renewable energy can and should undergird social change, but the deconstruction of neoliberal pedagogy must be first.

Glover 6 (Leigh Glover, Director of the Australasian Centre for the Governance and Management of Urban Transport at the University of Melborne, 2006, “TRANSFORMING POWER ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SOCIETY IN CONFLICT”, Edited by John Byrne, Noah Toly, Leigh Glover, pp. 249-270)

I Can See for Miles and Miles Hermann . . . modern life, could want for anything else?

Our inquiry is crucial – we should relate to the resolution through qualitative rather than quantitative energy production. This is necessary to break free of the destructively unequal patterns of modern energy.

Byrne et al. 6 (John Byrne, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate for his contribution to the IPCC, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and distinguished professor of energy and climate policy at the University of Delaware, Noah Toly, Director of Urban Studies and Associate Professor of Politics and International Relations, Wheaton College, Young-Doo Wang, Young-Doo Wang is Associate Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and Professor of Energy and Environmental Policy and Urban Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Delaware, 2006, Transforming Power: Energy, Environment, and Society in Conflict, eds. John Byrne, Noah Toly, Leigh Glover, pp. vii-x)

Spiking prices. cartel decisions to limit production. . . more, faster, and bigger are better).

This struggle is crucial – neoliberal pedagogy is being replaced by even more violent forms of knowledge – we must fill in the gap with a mode of knowledge-production consonant with environmental survival

Kellner 10 (Professor Douglas Kellner, George F. Kneller Philosophy of Education Chair, University of California, Los Angeles, “Afterword” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, pp. 151-154)

Richard Kahn’s groundbreaking work Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy. . . component of the reconstruction of education and society.

Failure to make this pedagogical shift causes extinction – it’s the only way to create actually sustainable sustainability

Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED

It is fitting to begin my words about . . . all species with whom we walk the earth.

Voting aff is an expression of solidarity with our ecopedagogical analysis of the resolution. The role of the affirmative should be to affirm to a qualitative increase in energy production, not a quantitative one.

Social movements are finding success now, but they’ll fail if new modes of ecopedagogy can’t bridge the gap between micro organizing, the academy, and macro-politics.

Kahn 10 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement, 2010, pp. 17-19)

On the other hand, it is my . . . , 2004, pp. 46-47)

Policy proposals themselves have been stripped of value and political efficacy, reformism merely entrenches the power of anti-environmental, casino capitalism – democracy is a graveyard that can only be resuscitated through new pedagogies

Giroux 12 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 19 June 2012, “Beyond the Politics of the Big Lie: The Education Deficit and the New Authoritarianism”, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/9865-beyond-the-politics-of-the-big-lie-the-education-deficit-and-the-new-authoritarianism)

The democratic deficit is not, as many . . . politics and the quest for a radical democracy.

The academy is the central place for this struggle to take place – we need to express linkages of solidarity between the debate space, other spaces of learning, and political struggles.

Giroux 11 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 21 November 2011, “Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals”, http://www.truth-out.org/occupy-colleges-now-students-new-public-intellectuals/1321891418)

Finding our way to a more humane future . . . hope with a realistic notion of social change.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Framework
Counterinterp: pedagogy is a form of affirmation

Resolved is to reduce by mental analysis, Random House 11 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolve)

Should indicates desirability, OED 11 (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/should?region=us)

Our inclusion in the curriculum solves extinction
Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. xiv-xvi)

True to this dictum, Kahn unambiguously demands . . . attempted to disable our life-sustaining capacities.

AT: Predictibility/Limits

Traditional debate isn’t neutral – an appeal to fairness is the neoliberal myth that obscures massive violence
Žižek and Daly 4 (Slavoj, Prof. of European Graduate School, Intl. Director of the Birkbeck Inst. for Humanities, U. of London, and Senior Researcher @ Inst. of Sociology, U. of Ljubljiana, and Glyn, Professor Intl. Studies @ Northampton U., “Risking the Impossible” http://www.lacan.com/zizek-daly.htm)

This is not to endorse any kind of . . . sustained by postmodern forms of consumerism and lifestyle.

Limits are impossible
De Cock 1 (Christian De Cock, Professor of Organizational behaviour, change management, creative problem solving, 2001, “Of Philip K. Dick, reflexivity and shifting realities Organizing (writing) in our post-industrial society” in the book “Science Fiction and Organization”)

'As Marx might have said more generally, . . . (McCloskey, 1994, p. 166). 

Their move is not benign – the rhetoric of limits creates a necessarily exclusionary and authoritarian politics
Kulynych 97 (Kulynych, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Winthrop University, 1997 Jessica, “Performing Politics," Polity, Winter, v.XXX, n.2, p. 315-330)

II. Disciplining Habermas Political scientists have traditionally . . . not just a matter of utilizing correct procedure. 

AT: Education/Policymaking

Fetishizing instrumental education kills resistance to neoliberal ideology
Giroux 11 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 28 February 2011, “Left Behind? American Youth and the Global Fight for Democracy”, http://www.truth-out.org/left-behind-american-youth-and-global-fight-democracy68042)

Meanwhile, not only have academic jobs been . . . justify itself in market terms or simply perish.

The call for switch-side debate for decision-making skills mirrors the technique of the far-right – it occludes mass extinction of life
Kahn 10 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement, 2010, pp. 9-11)

Worse still, though, is that here . . . educators who have sought to highlight their limitations.

Focusing on the levers of power cedes politics to warmongers
Kappeler, Freelance author and teacher in England and Germany, 1995 Susanne, The Will to Violence: the Politics of Personal Behavior, p. 9-11

War does not suddenly break out in a . . . such thing as not acting or doing nothing.

AT: Topical Version
This is offense for us – their framework is repressive tolerance – a tactical move that fosters global violence. Our refusal is key.
Kahn 10 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, & Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement, 2010, pp. 132-134)

Herbert Marcuse wrote an important essay, “. . . movement) across the whole spectrum of society.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Perm do both

Perm solves – concern for all humanity and our relationship to the earth – key to solve worldwide peace
Lama Yeshe ‘83 Tibetan Monk 1983 (. . . ?sect=articleandid=128)

Now, there’s no reason for us to . . . way, you will educate yourself and others.

Criticism links to the status quo – the plan removes this method of manipulation which is a pre-requisite to their alternative finding peace 

Indifference and impermanence simply recreate the neoliberal mindset
Zizek 4 (Slavoj, International Director of the Birbeck Institute for Humanities, July, The Believer, “Interview with Slavoj Zizek,” http://www.believermag.com/issues/200407/?read=interview_zizek, TH)

BLVR: OK, so you think that . . . to marketing executives. Sounds like science fiction. 

Case outweighs – the alt’s call to resignment makes violence inevitable and turns the
Bill Wickersham, adjunct professor of peace studies . . . and Community, http://confrontingnuclearwar.com/

In a discussion of religion, Buddhism holds . . . end to this terrible madness and destruction.100
 
They misunderstand suffering –mental suffering should be endured – not physical. Our call prevent planetary destruction solves interdependence and suffering best.
H.H., The Fourteenth Dalai Lama, 1984
A Human Approach to World Peace, http://www.fpmt.org/Teachings/hhdlworldpeace.asp

Broadly speaking there are two types of happiness . . . , or better still, 'mutual interest.'

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Nonunique

The current crisis has shaken neoliberal economics at the core – the status quo leads to system-wide collapse and extinction
Öniş and Güven 11 (Ziya Öniş is professor of international relations and director of the Center for Research on Globalization and Democratic Governance (GLODEM) at Koç University. Ali Burak Güven is GLODEM research fellow in the Department of International Relations at Koç University. “The Global Economic Crisis and the Future of Neoliberal Globalization: Rupture Versus Continuity.” Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, October 2011, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 469-488.

This article highlights the major elements of rupture . . . are being forced back to the drawing board.

The market is merely a vehicle for corporate control and first world consolidation of resources – their claims that the market promotes freedom ignore the billions across the globe trapped in abject poverty
McChesney ’99 (Robert, Prof. of Comms @ U of Illinois, Noam Chomsky and the Struggle Against Neoliberalism, Monthly Review, April 1, 1999, http://www.chomsky.info/onchomsky/19990401.htm)

Chomsky may also be the leading critic of . . . of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI).

Neoliberal governmentality ensures war, disease, and environmental collapse- economic decision-making views people as a disposable resource for producing capital, only stepping outside this frame for politics can avert extinction
Giroux 6 (Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in Canada.  “Dirty Democracy and State Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States,” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 26.2 (2006) 163-177.)
While it would be ludicrous to suggest that . . . 20 million children to leave their homes.16  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Louisville
Perm do both – collectivity is best
Jones and Campbell ‘12 (Richard D., Department of Communication Studies, Eastern Illinois University, and Bernadette Marie, Department of Communication Studies, University of Denver, “Contesting Neoliberalism Through Critical Pedagogy, Intersectional Reflexivity, and Personal Narrative: Queer Tales of Academia” Journal of Homosexuality, 59)

Extending Alcoff’s (1991–1992) reminder . . . dedication to truth” (p. 33).

The intersectional approach of the perm is comparatively the best option – otherwise the alt gets coopted
Kahn and Humes 9 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Brandy Humes, Toronto, Canada, 2009, “Marching Out From Ultima Thule: Critical Counterstories of Emancipatory Educators Working at the Intersection of Human Rights, Animal Rights, and Planetary Sustainability”, http://jee.lakeheadu.ca/index.php/cjee/article/viewFile/895/558)

Despite environmental education’s potential limitations as a critical . . . actively seek to overthrow speciesist relations across society.

Nature link
Hess 10 (Scott Hess, Assistant Professor of English at Earlham College, 2010, “Imagining an Everyday Nature”, Interdiscip Stud Lit Environ (2010) 17 (1): 85-112)

Also, although the term “everyday nature. . . re-inhabits the legacy of “nature.”

Ecopedagogy is fundamentally a question of environmental justice
Kellner 10 (Professor Douglas Kellner, George F. Kneller Philosophy of Education Chair, University of California, Los Angeles, “Afterword” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, pp. 151-154)

Kahn interprets ecopedagogy as a development of critical . . . , and ecological well-being across species. 

We don’t exclude activist voices – our authors ARE activists, Kahn describes himself as a critical anarcho-veganist activist. Antonia Darder is a poet, activist, scholar – their creation of a distinction are bad

Spreading bad – the assumption that any norm in debate must be rejected doesn’t make sense – speech times, win/loss, they work within the system to – the question is how we can redeploy

Personal experience – we did that, critical pedagogy

We are not armchair theorizing but precisely against that

We have to understand the complex set of linkages and flows between the urban and the broader structures of society
Pincetl et al. ‘12 (Stephanie, Center for Sustainable Urban Systems, Institute of the Environment and Sustainbility, UCLA, Paul Bunje, Center for Climate Change Solutions, Institute of the Environment and Sustainbility, and Tisha Holmes, Urban Planning, UCLA, “An expanded urban metabolism method: Toward a systems approach for assessing urban energy processes and causes”)
Finally, without a corresponding analysis of the . . . incorporate recognized needs and demands for societal relevance.

Our presentations of the voices of the oppressed are always mediated—to deny that fact only makes us blind to the way we pick and choose voicees, our inevitable selectivity—their argument romanticizes authenticity
Chicago Cultural Studies Group, 1992 “Critical Multiculturalism,” Critical Inquiry 18 (Spring 1992), JSTOR, Lauren Berlant, David Bunn, Vinay Dharwadker, Norma Field, Dilip Gaonkar, Marilyn Ivy, Benjamin Lee, Leo Ou-fan Lee, Xinmin Liu, Mathew Roberts, Sharon Stephens, Katie Trumpener, Greg Urban, Michael Warner, Jianyang Zha, and Jueliang Zhou, p. 541-544
Much of the utopian project of multiculturalism lies . . . which intellectuals' work is one intervention among others.

We must include ecological concerns in this praxis – absent solidarity with all lifethere is no possibility for transformation
Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. xvi-xvii)

Moreover, to contend effectively with issues of . . . release us from the bondage of our inhumanities. 

And, we have to  forefront the challenge of neoliberalism – otherwise our analysis is fundamentally incomplete
Yep and Elia ’12 (Gust A., Department of Communication Studies, San Francisco State University, and John P, Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, “Racialized Masculinities and the New Homonormativity in LOGO's Noah's Arc” Journal of Homosexuality, Volume 59.7)

Under neoliberalism and through the process of . . . a popular U.S. television show.

The permutation is a linkage of struggles – without an affirmation of solidarity there’s no chance for change
Giroux 11 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 9 October 2011, “An Interview With Henry Giroux: Youth Movement in a Culture of Hopelessness”, http://www.truth-out.org/interview-henry-giroux-youth-movement-culture-hopelessness/1318092302)

AJE: Police have used batons and pepper . . . in my estimation, financial and dominant elites. 

The permutation solves extinction – queer theory and ecological criticism must meet
Morton 10 (Timothy Morton, Professor and Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English at Rice University, 2010, “Queer Ecology”, MLA 125.2)

Ecological criticism and queer theory seem incompatible, . . . is even harder than giving up a reality.

This meeting will be like an encounter with the strange stranger – we must consciously choose a coexistence of strategies rather than imposing a totalizing choice
Morton 10 (Timothy Morton, Professor and Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English at Rice University, 2010, “Queer Ecology”, MLA 125.2)

Queer ecology may abandon the disas-trous . . . Jim—but not as we know it.

The K relies on a repressive understanding of power by which those with privilege can only oppress others – this demobilizes the potential for authority to be used in creative ways to create conditions for resisting domination.
Giroux, chair Global Network Television @ McMaster, 2005 Henry A. Border Crossings. 2nd Edition. p. 131-133
HG: Two issues. I would reiterate . . . subject positions where that hasn't been possible before.

The alternative is that white ontology is reapproriated by the neoliberal hegemony
GIROUX, CHAIR GLOBAL NETWORK TELEVISION @ MCMASTER, 1997
Henry A. Channel Surfing. St. Martins: New York, NY. p. 89-92
“Whiteness" is no longer invisible. . . . by conservative whites and in the new scholarship.

1AR
We shouldn’t take identity as some sort of . . . our identity is our academic role as debaters.
Jones and Campbell ‘12 (Richard D., Department of Communication Studies, Eastern Illinois University, and Bernadette Marie, Department of Communication Studies, University of Denver, “Contesting Neoliberalism Through Critical Pedagogy, Intersectional Reflexivity, and Personal Narrative: Queer Tales of Academia” Journal of Homosexuality, 59)
We reflect on our relationship in order to . . . . Johnson, 2006; Ross, 2005).

The fetishization of lived experience degenerates into a crude biologism that manifests itself in racial violence
Ireland 2, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada) postdoctoral fellow at the Université de Sherbrooke Craig, “The appeal to experience and its consequences” Cultural Critique 52 (2002) 86-107 Fall

More is involved here than some epistemological blunder. . . essay before his death (26-27).

They tell us that we need to perform . . . can only devolve into group solipsism and disable coalitions
Hilfer 3 (Hilfer, professor of English at the University of Texas, 2003 Tony, The New Hegemony in literary Studies: contradictions in Theory, p. 51-52)

Moreover, can it be good for any . . . too pure for you or anyone' (54).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Permutation do the plan and subjectivize the streets

They are misinterpreting our aff

All reason why framework is bad – can’t distribute the political

Concede globalization bad

Alt doesn’t solve – pedagogy is key giroux

Ranciere’s focus on liminality and staging equality discounts the possibility of actual political mobilization, meaning it gets locked in stasis
Hallward ‘9 (Peter, “Staging Equality” Rancière: History, Politics, Aesthetics, pp. 153-155)
The question is whether such a move can . . . Mallarme as disenchanted poet of our worldly abode).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Cooling isn’t about to happen – no signs and no forcings
Nuccitelli 11 (Dana Nuccitelli, environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in the Sacramento, California area. He has a Bachelor's Degree in astrophysics from the University of California at Berkeley, and a Master's Degree in physics from the University of California at Davis, “Are we heading into global cooling?” 1/4/11) http://www.skepticalscience.com/future-global-cooling.htm
Claims have recently surfaced in the blogosphere that . . . at some of the names on these lists.

Warming causes a rapid Ice Age by stopping the thermohaline circulation – that collapses civilization
Hartmann 4 –  Ph.D. from Brantridge in England Dr. Thom , “How Global Warming May Cause the Next Ice Age...,” adapted from the new, updated edition of The Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight, by Thom Hartmann from Random House/Three Rivers Press, Jan 30 http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0130-11.htm
Research shows that a new ice age is . . . , it will happen sooner rather than later.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
It's all a lie
York 3 (York et al.  Richard York, Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Eugene A. Rosa is Professor of Sociology, the Edward R. Meyer Professor of Natural Resource and Environmental Policy, an Affiliated Professor of Environmental Science, and an Affiliated Professor of Fine Arts at Washington State University. Thomas Dietz is Professor of Sociology and Crop and Soil Science and Director of the Environmental Science and Policy Program at Michigan State University. “Footprints on the Earth: The Environmental Consequences of Modernity”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 68, No. 2 (Apr., 2003), pp. 279-300

The treadmill of production and THE SECOND CONTRADICTION . . . away from economic expansion and toward ecological sustainability.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge: Kurt Fifelski
Scientism bad – we have to include alternate modes of knowing
Geominne ‘10 (Gert, Postdoctoral Fellow of the Research Foundation, Flanders (FWO), Centre Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Centre for Sustainable Development, Ghent University, “Has science ever been normal? On the need and impossibility of a sustainability science” Futures, Vol. 43.6)
In elaborating my critique of PNS, I have departed from epistemological-philosophical … the question of the good life in our contemporary world.

The impact is extinction – unfettered growth and geo-engineering technologies will sow the seeds of our own self-annihilation
Klein ‘11 (Naomi, Researcher and Columnist @ the Nation, “Addicted to Risk” TED Talk transcript)
Whether we actively believe them or consciously reject them, our culture … is too precious to be risked for any profit. Thank you. (Applause)
 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
New K – Eckersley’s green sovereignty creates unending biopolitical destruction, reduces the world to bare rock
Smith ‘11 (Mick, associate professor and Queen’s National Scholar in the Department of Philosophy and the School of Environmental Studies at Queen’s University, Against Ecological Sovereignty: Ethics, Biopolitics, and Saving the Natural World, “In Relation to the Lack of Environmental Policy”)
To the extent that the modern nation-. . . power of the state to suspend such politics.

Tournament: Wake | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Counterinterp: pedagogy is a form of affirmation. The role of the ballot is to endorse the team which best activates our political agency as debaters

Debate is not just a meaningless game – it can be a microcosm of what we hope politics can become – Giroux indicates that debate can prefigure change, not just discuss it

Resolved is to reduce by mental analysis, Random House 11 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolve)

Should indicates desirability, OED 11 (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/should?region=us)

The energy regime inscribes a consumption-obsessed neoliberal subjectivity which causes extinction – that’s Glover – ecopedagogy is only way to reclaim our agency

Our inclusion in the curriculum solves extinction

Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. xiv-xvi)

True to this dictum, Kahn unambiguously demands that the survival of the planet (

AND

denigrated our cultural ways and attempted to disable our life-sustaining capacities.

We’re key to half the topic – renewables are unworkable under the demands of the current energy regime – that’s Byrne

Academic debate is being dismantled by casino capitalism – internal link turns all their standards – that’s Giroux

Reasonability – voting aff doesn’t eradicate policy debate – we just have to prove that we’re acceptable

Aff choice – burden of rejoinder means the negative needs to actually answer our arguments – anything else is regressively anti-educational

Predictability is a practice –

We don’t destroy predictability – we still say renewable energy is good – we’re just problematizing our relationship to the resolution – K of neolib is key to energy questions that’s byrne

No impact to fairness – disparaties are inevitable, it’s historically disproven, and self-correcting

Traditional debate isn’t neutral – an appeal to fairness is the neoliberal myth that obscures massive violence

Žižek and Daly 4 (Slavoj, Prof. of European Graduate School, Intl. Director of the Birkbeck Inst. for Humanities, U. of London, and Senior Researcher @ Inst. of Sociology, U. of Ljubljiana, and Glyn, Professor Intl. Studies @ Northampton U., “Risking the Impossible” http://www.lacan.com/zizek-daly.htm)

This is not to endorse any kind of retrograde return to economism. Zizek's point

AND

political boutiquism that is readily sustained by postmodern forms of consumerism and lifestyle.

Limits are impossible

De Cock 1 (Christian De Cock, Professor of Organizational behaviour, change management, creative problem solving, 2001, “Of Philip K. Dick, reflexivity and shifting realities Organizing (writing) in our post-industrial society” in the book “Science Fiction and Organization”)

'As Marx might have said more generally, 'all that is built or all that

AND

some hell to break loose' (McCloskey, 1994, p. 166).

Fairness is the myth of the neutral economy that creates structural inequality

Egnor 11 (Bill Egnor, contributor and assistant to the publisher at Firedoglake, Nov 28, 2011, “Occupy Wall St: It is All About Fairness, and that is the Strength of It”, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2011/11/28/1040453/-Occupy-Wall-St:-It-is-All-About-Fairness,-and-that-is-the-Strength-of-It)

America has a lot of national myths. In this we are not so different

AND

and as such, if we work together, we can change things.

Their move is not benign – the rhetoric of limits creates a necessarily exclusionary and authoritarian politics

Kulynych 97 (Kulynych, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Winthrop University, 1997 Jessica, “Performing Politics," Polity, Winter, v.XXX, n.2, p. 315-330)

II. Disciplining Habermas Political scientists have traditionally understood political participation as an activity that

AND

problem is convincingly thematized is not just a matter of utilizing correct procedure.

Their ev doesn’t talk about neoliberalism – quotes derrida says that politics is the act of everyday interpretation

Link turn – politics is dead, that’s above – ecopedagogy is the only way to politicize debate and mobilize us as intellectuals and activists

Fetishizing instrumental education kills resistance to neoliberal ideology

Giroux 11 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 28 February 2011, “Left Behind? American Youth and the Global Fight for Democracy”, http://www.truth-out.org/left-behind-american-youth-and-global-fight-democracy68042)

Meanwhile, not only have academic jobs been disappearing, but given the shift to

AND

funded, knowledge has to justify itself in market terms or simply perish.

They spatialize the political – imagining the debate space as abstracted from the political destroys the potential for change and confines us to ivory tower politics – that’s Giroux

Their ferguson evidence misses the point – neoliberalism is not a set of techniques but a mode of subjectivity that must be rejected

Focusing on the levers of power cedes politics to warmongers

Kappeler, Freelance author and teacher in England and Germany, 1995 Susanne, The Will to Violence: the Politics of Personal Behavior, p. 9-11

War does not suddenly break out in a peaceful society; sexual violence is not

AND

and that there is no such thing as not acting or doing nothing.

Traditional conceptions of government fiat are fiction—they misrepresent the process of government decisionmaking, and are neither educational nor predictable

Claude 1988 (Inis, Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs, University of Virginia, States and the Global System, pages 18-20)

This view of the state as an institutional monolith is fostered by the notion of

AND

and discipline that theory attributes to them–and that they sometimes claim.

This is especially true in policy debate

Mitchell, Ass’t. Prof. of Communications at Pittsburgh, 1998 Gordon, "Pedagogical Possibilities for Argumentative Agency in Academic Debate," Argumentation and Advocacy, Fall, ProQuest

The sense of detachment associated with the spectator

AND

spectators in the drama of political life" (1991, p. 8).

He Continues...      

The sense of argumentative agency produced through action research is different in

AND

the point of reference for experiencing the landscape shifts fundamentally.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Perm do both – our role should be to combat neoliberalism

Bryant ‘8 (Levi, “What Happened to Negri and Hardt?” Larval Subjects, https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2008/05/13/what-happened-to-negri-and-hardt/)

The quote from ads without products strikes me as particularly stupid, as the discussion

AND

in the Autonomia school such as Virno deal with these issues more explicitly.

Perm do both – the entire 1AC was about deconstructing anthropocentrism – that’s Darder, Kahn, and Kellner.

The perm is best – our injection of ecological concerns into critical pedagogy creates the conditions of possibility for synergy with anti-anthropocentrism

Bell and Russell 2k (Anne C. Bell teaches in the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University, Constance L. Russell, professor in the Faculty of Education at Lakehead University, “Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn”, Canadian Journal of Education 25, 3 (2000): 188-203)

In challenging anthropocentrism, the two of us find cause for hope in the fact

AND

each stream of enquiry stands to be enriched by a sharing of insights.

The difference between living and non-living matter is an ethic of care for survival – this needs to be affirmed even against the existence of a being of objects

Hägglund ’11 (Martin, Associate Professor of Comparative Literature and Humanities @ Yale U., Jr. Fellow in Harvard Society of Fellows and Distinguished International Fellow @ London Graduate School, “THE ARCHE-MATERIALITY OF TIME: Deconstruction, evolution and speculative materialism” Theory After Theory, pp. 275-276)

What difference is at stake, then, in the difference between the living and

AND

precisely the radical destructibility of life that makes it a matter of care.

The intersectional approach of the perm is comparatively the best option – otherwise the alt gets coopted

Kahn and Humes 9 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Brandy Humes, Toronto, Canada, 2009, “Marching Out From Ultima Thule: Critical Counterstories of Emancipatory Educators Working at the Intersection of Human Rights, Animal Rights, and Planetary Sustainability”, http:~/~/jee.lakeheadu.ca/index.php/cjee/article/viewFile/895/558url:http://jee.lakeheadu.ca/index.php/cjee/article/viewFile/895/558)

Despite environmental education’s potential limitations as a critical field of study, significant theoretical inroads

AND

cultural and political practices that actively seek to overthrow speciesist relations across society.

Pedagogy key – absent pedagogy, ecological politics devolves into vanguardism and nihilism

Kahn 10 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement, 2010, pp. 127-128)

It is in this context of movement resistance to our grave ecocrisis that Herbert Marcuse

AND

!” that will come to displace and end domination and repression broadly conceived.

Links to critical pedagogy generically do not apply – ecopedagogy is precisely the deconstruction of Friere’s human/animal dichotomy

Kahn 3 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, 2003, “Paulo Freire and Eco-Justice: Updating Pedagogy of the Oppressed for the Age of Ecological Calamity”, http:~/~/getvegan.com/htm)

The environmentally-minded educational theorist C.A. Bowers has repeatedly made the

AND

that is currently necessary for the proponents of social and eco-justice.

Their forumulation of strict speciecism only expands bourgeois ethics – only by breaking down hegemonic neoliberal rationality can we create actual change

Staudenmeir 5 (Peter Staudenmeir, human rights advocate and philospher, “THE AMBIGUITIES OF ANIMAL RIGHTS”, January 1, 2005, http://www.social-ecology.org/2005/01/ambiguities-of-animal-rights/)

It is nevertheless essential to face such misgivings squarely, in the hope of provoking

AND

the status quo while actually recuperating the ideological foundations of the status quo.

Strict speciesism creates phylumism – recognizing humanity’s unique ambit key to resolve environmental violence

Staudenmeir 5 (Peter Staudenmeir, human rights advocate and philospher, “THE AMBIGUITIES OF ANIMAL RIGHTS”, January 1, 2005, http://www.social-ecology.org/2005/01/ambiguities-of-animal-rights/)

Relying on a dubious analogy to institutionalized forms of social domination and hierarchy, animal

AND

affiliations and its practical implications? Here as well skepticism is in order.

The critique is obsessed with the politics of purity – that creates fascism

Staudenmeir 5 (Peter Staudenmeir, human rights advocate and philospher, “THE AMBIGUITIES OF ANIMAL RIGHTS”, January 1, 2005, http://www.social-ecology.org/2005/01/ambiguities-of-animal-rights/)

The unexamined cultural prejudices embedded deep within animal rights thinking carry political implications that are

AND

same rancid antihumanism that has always turned radical hopes into their reactionary opposite.

Tournament: Wake | Round:  | Opponent: Pugent Sound | Judge: 

Perm do both

We must ecologize Marxism – forefronting the revolutionary subject and ecological concerns is key to the struggle

Tanuro 10 (Daniel Tanuro, certified agriculturalist and eco-socialist environmentalist, “Marxism, Energy, and Ecology: The Moment of Truth”, Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 21, Issue 4, 2010)

As the foregoing illustrates, the “ecologization” of Marxism involves more than the

AND

Done? Ecosocialist consciousness must be brought to the working class from outside.\

They fail to understand the qualitative difference between renewable and non-renewable energies – that means the alt regresses into productivism and environmental destruction – the Soviet Union proves

Tanuro 10 (Daniel Tanuro, certified agriculturalist and eco-socialist environmentalist, “Marxism, Energy, and Ecology: The Moment of Truth”, Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 21, Issue 4, 2010)

A flaw in the critique of capitalist technology. In The German Ideology, Marx

AND

when the ecological question suddenly appeared as a major issue in the 1960s.

The alternative’s passive materalism is doomed to fail – only our pedagogical strategy can transform the material conditions of capitalism

Leban and McLaren 10 (Sebastjan Leban is an artist and theoretician from Ljubljana and Peter McLaren, PhD, is a professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. 2010. Revolutionizing Pedagogy: Education for Social Justice Within and Beyond Global Neo-Liberalism. Eds. Sheila Macrine, Peter McLaren, and Dave Hill, pp. 98-99)

I think it is important that we find a way to illuminate what is taken

AND

forward, and this is the role of educator in the decolonizing classroom.

That’s the only way to create revolutionary subjectivity

Leban and McLaren 10 (Sebastjan Leban is an artist and theoretician from Ljubljana and Peter McLaren, PhD, is a professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. 2010. Revolutionizing Pedagogy: Education for Social Justice Within and Beyond Global Neo-Liberalism. Eds. Sheila Macrine, Peter McLaren, and Dave Hill, pp. 90-93)

S.L.: In the interview “Pedagogy and Praxis in the Age of

AND

political and economic imperialism, wars of conquest and the pursuit of empire.

The logic of capital has become so entrenched that only an imaginative break can create change

Gibson-Graham 6 (JK, The End of Capitalism as We Knew It, pg. 255-257)

What is important here, for my purposes, are not the different metaphors and

AND

one in which everyone is a comrade and class diversity does not exist.

The materialist view of history is inaccurate and shuts down the possibility for radical change

Giroux, chair Global Network Television @ McMaster, 1984 Henry A. “Marxism and Schooling: The Limits of Radical Discourse.” EDUCATIONAL THEORY, Spring, Vol. 34, No. 2

Aronowitz’s refusal to limit the meaning of culture and ideology to the primacy of class

AND

radical discourse. It is to these issues that I will now turn.

Tournament: Wake | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Northwestern KM | Judge: Hester, Lundeen, Johnson
Energy policy has become absolutely necessary to logocentrism – we are sacrificing social considerations and collective governance to authoritarian technocracy
Byrne and Toly 6 (John Byrne, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate for his contribution to the IPCC, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and distinguished professor of energy and climate policy at the University of Delaware, Noah Toly, Director of Urban Studies and Associate Professor of Politics and International Relations, Wheaton College, 2006, Transforming Power: Energy, Environment, and Society in Conflict, eds. John Byrne, Noah Toly, Leigh Glover, pp.  19-29)

Democratic Authoritarian Impulses and Uncritical Capitalist ... into energy-society relations awaits.

In our rush for the technical fix, we erase the mythical infrastructure that underwrites the energy regime – we construct shining cities in the dark, authorized by the symbol of light as logos, as truth, as transcendent good
Berry 9 (Geoffrey Noel Berry, Erasmus Mundus Post-Doctoral Researcher in Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies at Monash University, 2009, “Under the Dominion of Light: an Ecocritical Mythography”, http://arrow.monash.edu.au/vital/access/%20/services/Download/monash:29431/THESIS01
Light is mobilised as a ... to destroy or support it.

If left unexplored, this mythic complex results in extinction – we burn fossil fuels as sacrifice to the gods of consumption, creating apocalyptic zones of death. Absent an interrogation of mythos, even transitions to renewable energy are futile.
Berry 9 (Geoffrey Noel Berry, Erasmus Mundus Post-Doctoral Researcher in Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies at Monash University, 2009, “Under the Dominion of Light: an Ecocritical Mythography”, http://arrow.monash.edu.au/vital/access/%20/services/Download/monash:29431/THESIS01
And what is upon the ... necessary to achieve this outcome.

We must acknowledge the co-constitutive nature of mythos and logos – mythos creates, sustains, and authorizes material regimes of logos, just as logos shapes myth – recognizing this relationship is necessary to shift away from our consumption fixation.
Berry 9 (Geoffrey Noel Berry, Erasmus Mundus Post-Doctoral Researcher in Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies at Monash University, 2009, “Under the Dominion of Light: an Ecocritical Mythography”, http://arrow.monash.edu.au/vital/access/%20/services/Download/monash:29431/THESIS01
Mythic systems, worldview, sacrifice, exchange ... others) propose as an alternative.7

The affirmative’s move is to embrace the sun – like the heliotrope, a plant yearning toward the light, humanity is fascinated by the undecidable nature of the sun. It is both the source of logical and mythical solar power, wrapped together in an irresolvable alterity
DeLoughrey 11 (Elizabeth DeLoughrey, Associate Professor of English at UCLA, 2011, “Heliotropes: Solar Ecologies and Pacific Radiations” in Postcolonial Ecologies: Literatures of the Environment eds. Elizabeth DeLoughrey and George B. Handley) GENDER MODIFIED
Like heliotropes, we turn to ... vital to naturalizing global militarization.

Our creative act of logomythopoeia is necessary to foster a better relationship with the earth – we disrupt the dualising tendency of modernist discourse
Berry 9 (Geoffrey Noel Berry, Erasmus Mundus Post-Doctoral Researcher in Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies at Monash University, 2009, “Under the Dominion of Light: an Ecocritical Mythography”, http://arrow.monash.edu.au/vital/access/%20/services/Download/monash:29431/THESIS01
My aim is ecophilosophical, beginning ... an ecocentrism of the earth.

Thus Suo and I affirm that

The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on energy production in the United States of solar power

We affirm this year’s resolution as a messianic promise. This approach binds mythos and logos, refusing closure in the name of absolute justice
Caputo 97 (John D. Caputo, Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion Emeritus at Syracuse University and the David R. Cook Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Villanova University, 1997, Deconstruction in a Nutshell: A Conversation with Jacques Derrida, pp. 156-162)
It is clear to anyone ... coming of the Messiah. Always.

It is a policy without Policy, not a preprogrammed response but an open demand – the logomythic nature of the sun is an opportunity to encounter alterity, a demand for democracy-to-come
McQuillan 9 (Martin McQuillan, Professor of Literary Theory and Cultural Analysis and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Kingston University, London, where he is also Co-Director of The London Graduate School, “Derrida and Policy” in Deconstruction After 9/11, Routledge pub. 2009)
In order for politics to ... policy in its predetermined sense.

The deconstructive rethinking of the affirmative requires a complete break with prior forms of politics and metaphysics. The focus on material change continues contemporary violence
McQuillan 9 (Martin McQuillan, Professor of Literary Theory and Cultural Analysis and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Kingston University, London, where he is also Co-Director of The London Graduate School, “Spectres of Poujade” in Deconstruction After 9/11, Routledge pub. 2009)
If, far from falling within ... have always attempted to foreclose.

Politics is in a state of terminal decay, an absolute blurring between war, ideology, and policymaking. Only politics as deconstruction can reclaim the political.
McQuillan 9 (Martin McQuillan, Professor of Literary Theory and Cultural Analysis and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Kingston University, London, where he is also Co-Director of The London Graduate School, “Infinite Preface” in Deconstruction After 9/11, Routledge pub. 2009)
Saving the world has to ... the century of the other.

Tournament: Wake | Round: Quarters | Opponent: NU KM | Judge: Hester, Sarah Lundeen, PJ
Their conception of decisionmaking is the calculative basis for injustice and violence
Caputo 97 (John D. Caputo, Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion Emeritus at Syracuse University and the David R. Cook Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Villanova University, 1997, Deconstruction in a Nutshell: A Conversation with Jacques Derrida, pp. 121-124)

This notion of justice and singularity is articulated . . . that distinction would hold up--than knowledge.

Their decisionmaking is decisionism – without critical interrogation they constrain the boundaries of the possible and authorize ethical violence against others
Butler 2k (Judith Butler, professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature departments at the University of California, Berkeley, and is also the Hannah Arendt Professor of Philosophy at the European Graduate School. Butler received her PhD in philosophy from Yale University, “Changing the Subject: Judith Butler's Politics of Radical Resignification.”, interview conducted by Olson, Gary A.; Worsham, Lynn, JAC: A Journal of Composition Theory, v20 n4 p727-65 Fall 2000, http://jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol20.4/olson-changing.pdf)

A. I'm always glad to have Nancy's . . . and ourselves in a more fundamentally capacious way.

Decisionmaking presumes the socialization of the rational autonomous being – that reentrenches humanism and causes genocide
Biesta 8 (Gert Biesta, Professor of Education and Director of Research at the School of Education, University of Stirling, December 4, 2008, “Education After Deconstruction: Between Event and Invention” in Derrida, Deconstruction and the Politics of Pedagogy, eds. Michael A. Peters and Gert Biesta, pp. 98-103)

“Education” is a complicated concept. . . . that does not bring us back to humanism.

They place conditions on successful communication – this ignores that constitutive failure of predictability is a condition of possibility for it – their attempt to suture this gap makes ethics and education impossible
Biesta 8 (Gert Biesta, Professor of Education and Director of Research at the School of Education, University of Stirling, December 4, 2008, “Education After Deconstruction: Between Event and Invention” in Derrida, Deconstruction and the Politics of Pedagogy, eds. Michael A. Peters and Gert Biesta, pp. 104-107)

Although a lot has been said about the . . . economy” of the present and the same.

Tournament: Wake | Round: Quarters | Opponent: NU KM | Judge: Hester, Sarah Lundeen, PJ
Mythos and logos are co-constitutive – privileging mythos is just as bad as the squo
Spitzer 11 (Anais N. Spitzer is a Visiting Instructor of Religious Studies at Prescott College, 2011, “Beginning Otherwise” in Derrida, Myth and the Impossibility of Philosophy)

Flipping the polarities in order to champion mythos . . . impossible apart from the destabilizing forces of mythos.

Democracy is the critique of democracy – the question is not the actually existing federal government, but the inhereited nature of political constructs – we reaffirm the possibility of democracy to come by selectively choosing portions of it
Fritsch 2 (Matthias Fritsch, Professor of Philosophy at Concordia University, Montreal, Humboldt Fellow, “Derrida's Democracy to Come”, Constellations Volume 9, Issue 4, pages 574–597, December 2002, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.00304)

In Derrida’s writing, I find three major . . . way, follow from the promise of repetition.

Tournament: Wake | Round: Quarters  | Opponent: NU KM | Judge: Hester, Sarah Lundeen, PJ
Perm do the aff and endorse market based solutions
Beggs 12 (Mike Beggs is a lecturer in Political Economy at the University of Sydney. March 2012. “Occupy Economics”, The Economists' Voice vol. 9 no. 3)

The founding statement of the Union for Radical . . . -lems a policy tweak could not fix.

Rationality stupid
Kohn 2k (Margaret Kohn, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto Scarborough, “Language, Power, and Persuasion: Toward a Critique of Deliberative Democracy”, Constellations Volume 7, Issue 3, pages 408–429, September 2000, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.00197)

Following Austin, Habermas acknowledges the existence of . . . always leaves a trace of its empirical referent.

No seriously
Krugman 8 (Paul Krugman, Nobel Laureate in economics, professor of economics at Princeton University, 2008, “How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?”, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/magazine/06Economic-t.html)

I. MISTAKING BEAUTY FOR TRUTH It’s hard . . . the faith that markets will solve all problems.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Northwestern LV | Judge: Sarah Topp
No guarantee authoritarian state would be ecological
Paehlke 5 (Robert Paehlke, Professor and Chair, Environmental and Resource Studies Program, Trent University, 2005, “Democracy and Environmentalism: Opening a Door to the Administrative State?” in Managing Leviathan: Environmental Politics and the Administrative State, edited by Robert Paehlke and Douglas Torgerson, pp. 26-27)

Writing at about the same time as Heilbroner and Ophuls. . . empowerment with enhanced participation and openness.8 

China’s a shitty example

Democracy key to ecology
Paehlke 5 (Robert Paehlke, Professor and Chair, Environmental and Resource Studies Program, Trent University, 2005, “Democracy and Environmentalism: Opening a Door to the Administrative State?” in Managing Leviathan: Environmental Politics and the Administrative State, edited by Robert Paehlke and Douglas Torgerson, pp. 37-39)

In sharp contrast to the theoretical views noted at the outset, environmentalism . . .of opportunities for democratic participation.

Ethics of the Other card
Caputo 97 (John D. Caputo, Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion Emeritus at Syracuse University and the David R. Cook Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Villanova University, 1997, Deconstruction in a Nutshell: A Conversation with Jacques Derrida, pp. 121-124)

AN OPEN QUASI-COMMUNITY So, then, to "precipitate," to rush head-on, to a conclusion, what does . . . Hospitality. Welcome to the Other. Justice. Come.

Tournament: Dartmouth Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: Northwestern KM | Judge: Ed Lee
Contention 1: Biologics

Collapsing the distinction between physical and regulatory takings key to forcing strict data exclusivity for follow-on biologics
Epstein 11 (Richard A. Epstein, James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Law and Senior Lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School. The Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law, New York University School of Law, The Peter and Kirsten Bedford Senior Fellow, The Hoover Institution, and a senior lecturer at the University of Chicago, 2011, “The Constitutional Protection of Trade Secrets and Patents under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009”, 66 Food Drug L.J. 285) Gender modified

II. ANALYSIS UNDER THE TAKINGS CLAUSE ... in lieu of monetary compensation).

That’s key to pioneer biologics – current regulatory uncertainty is deterring new research
Epstein 11 (Richard A. Epstein, James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Law and Senior Lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School. The Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law, New York University School of Law, The Peter and Kirsten Bedford Senior Fellow, The Hoover Institution, and a senior lecturer at the University of Chicago, 2011, “The Constitutional Protection of Trade Secrets and Patents under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009”, 66 Food Drug L.J. 285)

C. Benefits of Trade Secret Protection ... on fundamental social welfare grounds.

That’s key to biotech leadership
Grossman 9 (Andrew M. Grossman is Senior Legal Policy Analyst in the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at The Heritage Foundation. January 16, 2009. “Promoting Innovation with Patent Reform: A Memo to President-elect Obama”, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/01/promoting-innovation-with-patent-reform-a-memo-to-president-elect-obama)

Reject proposals that would undermine ... discriminating carefully between the two.

That solves biowarfare
Stock 2 (Gregory, Dr. Stock is the Director of the Program on Medicine, Technology, and Society at UCLA’s School of Medicine, “Cloning Research Commentary,” http://www.reproductivecloning.net/open/stock.html)

If human cloning is enough ... may be what saves us.

Extinction
Ochs 2 (Richard Ochs, past president of the Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition, member of the Depleted Uranium Task force of the Military Toxics Project and a member of the Chemical Weapons Working Group. Richard Ochs has published articles in the Baltimore Sun, Baltimore Chronicle, Science magazine, 6/9/02, “Biological Weapons Must be Abolished Immediately”, http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html)

Of all the weapons of ... the highest of all crimes.

Asymmetric incentives and new technology make biowarfare comparatively the biggest threat
Preston 9 (Thomas Preston, professor of international relations in the Department of Political Science at Washington State University. He is also a faculty research associate at the Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University, 2009, “From Lambs to Lions: Future Security Relationships in a World of Biological and Nuclear Weapons”, pp. 4-11)

To understand the new security ... own personal or normative biases.

Takings rule is key – data exclusivity needs to be rock solid
Epstein 11 (Richard A. Epstein, James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Law and Senior Lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School. The Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law, New York University School of Law, The Peter and Kirsten Bedford Senior Fellow, The Hoover Institution, and a senior lecturer at the University of Chicago, 2011, “The Constitutional Protection of Trade Secrets and Patents under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009”, 66 Food Drug L.J. 285)
Note: BLA = biologic licensing application

D. The Biosimilars Act The trade ... sidestep the constitutional implications altogether.

And data exclusivity is key – absent strict rules the biologics industry will not survive
Sorscher 9 (Sarah Sorscher, Harvard Law School, Harvard School of Public Health, Candidate for J.D./M.P.H., 2009. “A LONGER MONOPOLY FOR BIOLOGICS?: CONSIDERING THE IMPLICATIONS OF DATA EXCLUSIVITY AS A TOOL FOR INNOVATION POLICY”, http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/petrie-flom/workshops_conferences/2009_colloquium/sorcher.pdf)

One of the major factors ... play under the new regime.

Contention 2: Investment Protection

Supreme Court takings jurisprudence is modeled by international investment treaty tribunals
Léger 4 (Daniel D. Léger, B.A, M.A, also M.A. candidate at University of Notre Dame, December 2004, “THE NAFTA’s CHAPTER 11 AND U.S. REGULATORY TAKINGS: CAN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS DEVELOP A CONSISTENT AND PRINCIPLED REGULATORY TAKINGS JURISPRUDENCE?”, http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-12152004-190616/unrestricted/LegerD122004.pdf)

This paper begins at the ... of supporters and critics alike.

However, the unclear nature of regulatory takings law is stymying indirect expropriation rulings
Newcombe 5 (Andrew Newcombe, Assistant Professor Faculty of Law, University of Victoria, April 21, 2005, “The Boundaries of Regulatory Expropriation in International Law”, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=703244)

In this paper, I argue ... its own set of conundrums. 

Resolving the indirect expropriation question is key to international investment protection
DiMascio and Pauwelyn 8 (Nicholas DiMascio, J.D. and LL.M. in International and Comparative Law from Duke University School of Law, and Joost Pauwelyn, Professor, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, and Senior Advisor, King and Spalding LLP, January, 2008, “ARTICLE: NONDISCRIMINATION IN TRADE AND INVESTMENT TREATIES: WORLDS APART OR TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN?”, 102 A.J.I.L. 48)
Note: BIT = bilateral investment treaties

National Treatment in Investment Agreements ... license to a particular company). n131

That’s key to international trade liberalization and checks back discrimination against foreign investors
DiMascio and Pauwelyn 8 (Nicholas DiMascio, J.D. and LL.M. in International and Comparative Law from Duke University School of Law, and Joost Pauwelyn, Professor, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, and Senior Advisor, King and Spalding LLP, January, 2008, “ARTICLE: NONDISCRIMINATION IN TRADE AND INVESTMENT TREATIES: WORLDS APART OR TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN?”, 102 A.J.I.L. 48)

 *48  For global business, international trade ... nation engage in proscribed behavior." n50

Now’s key – investment protectionism is rising and is worse than traditional trade policy
Oxford Analytica 12 (international consulting firm providing strategic analysis of world events, December 14 2012, “'New protectionism' will hit global businesses”, http://www.oxan.com/Analysis/DailyBrief/Samples/NewProtectionism.aspx)

As political leaders struggle to ... extreme cases, simply be ignored.

That causes great power wars – risks extinction
Panzner 8  faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, Revised and Updated Edition, p. 136-138, googlebooks)

Continuing calls for curbs on ... of a new world war.  

Empirical studies prove the spread of economic interdependence solidifies global peace
Gartzke 5 - associate professor of political science at Columbia University and author of a study on economic freedom and peace contained in the 2005 Economic Freedom of the World Report (Erik, “Future Depends on Capitalizing on Capitalist Peace,” 10/18, Windsor Star, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=5133)

With terrorism achieving "global reach" ... nations from this historic opportunity. 

Prefer our studies—our authors use a testable empirical method
Weede 4 (Erich Weede, professor of sociology at the University of Bonn, Germany, In Winter 1986-87, he was Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Bologna Center of The Johns Hopkins University, “BALANCE OF POWER, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE CAPITALIST PEACE,” http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance%20of%20Power,%20Globalization%20and%20Capitalist%20Peace.pdf)

If one does research or ... and unsystematically evaluated empirical evidence.

Contention 3: Solvency

Current airspace restrictions on wind power constitute a regulatory taking – the Court should adopt a takings rule that requires just compensation even if there’s no physical invasion
Rule 12 (Troy A. Rule, Associate Professor, University of Missouri School of Law, “AIRSPACE AND THE TAKINGS CLAUSE”, 90 Wash. U. L. Rev._(forthcoming 2012) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2020667)

Without ever venturing into the ... public entities and private landowners.

The FAA currently deprives landowners of possessory airspace interests on wind turbines for the purpose overt government use
Rule 12 (Troy A. Rule, Associate Professor, University of Missouri School of Law, “AIRSPACE AND THE TAKINGS CLAUSE”, 90 Wash. U. L. Rev._(forthcoming 2012) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2020667)

In contrast, consider the FAA ... the payment of just compensation. 161

These restrictions are both economic and legal – the plan would lift them without disrupting existing jurisprudence
Rule 12 (Troy A. Rule, Associate Professor, University of Missouri School of Law, “AIRSPACE AND THE TAKINGS CLAUSE”, 90 Wash. U. L. Rev._(forthcoming 2012) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2020667)

III. Filling the Gap: A Takings ... compensation under the Takings Clause.

This rule would also clarify regulatory takings law
Rule 12 (Troy A. Rule, Associate Professor, University of Missouri School of Law, “AIRSPACE AND THE TAKINGS CLAUSE”, 90 Wash. U. L. Rev._(forthcoming 2012) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2020667)
 
B. Greater Clarity in Takings Law ... compensation under the Takings Clause.

Plan: The United States Federal Judiciary should substantially reduce wind turbine restrictions that deprive property owners of possessory airspace interests for government use on the grounds that said restrictions constitute compensable takings.

Tournament: Dartmouth RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgetown AM | Judge: Justin Green
(We just read the text of the card which is a history of Project Plowshore, no tag)
Kirsch 5 (Scott Kirsch, assistant professor of geography at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2005, “Proving Grounds: Project Plowshare and the Unrealized Dream of Nuclear Earthmoving”, pp. 1-6)

In September 1964, the U.S. ... the bomb into something good.

Scott Kirsch describes how Project Plowshare was the pinnacle of the nuclear imaginary – it was earthmoving on the scale of the universe, fracking with nuclear weapons and capturing the energy from the blast. While policymakers were placing the Bomb at the nexus of our national fantasy, these nuclear engineers imagined a different future for their atom: they wanted to turn the bomb into something good.

But why the Bomb? Why is it so central to our cultural imaginary, our debate imaginary?

We are haunted by the unmeaning of life, the gap between our ideals and reality. We forge symbols to bridge this gap – this religiosity allowed us to participate in the infinitude of Being itself.
Chernus 91 (Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, 1991, “Nuclear Madness: Religion and Psychology of the Nuclear Age”, pp. 47-51)

There are obviously problems in ... us "the courage to be."

The Bomb represents and enforces an order of radical finitude – the ultimate triumph of technological reason and machinic thought. But the process of symbolization continues behind the veil of rationality – we become neurotics, fearing the infinite even as we deny the possibility of its existence.
Chernus 91 (Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, 1991, “Nuclear Madness: Religion and Psychology of the Nuclear Age”, pp. 62-67)

Tillich's thought opens up a ... the risk of our lives.

Every attempt to control or harness nuclear violence participates in this literalism – the idiolect of the death-machine cult. Paradoxically, this only increases our hunger for symbols, and the nuclear fantasy takes deeper root in our psyches – we look to the Bomb for the infinitude we’re missing, investing it with religious meaning
Chernus 86 (Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, “Dr. Strangegod: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons”, pp. 153-155)

Moreover, even if we could ... line between literalism and fantasy.

The ultimate result of nuclear worship is global extinction – nuclear religion underpins infinite violence, rendering life meaningless and sustaining a mechanical system of war and environmental destruction – we seek constant risk to touch the infinite, making nuclear war inevitable
Chernus 86 (Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, “Dr. Strangegod: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons”, pp. 136-140) Gender modified

The similarities between the Bomb ... to the Bomb as God.

Thus Suo and I affirm that
The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on energy production from nuclear weapons

The solution to nuclear madness is more madness – an explosion of fantasy structured by the container of the resolution, a radical embrace of the “disease” as our cure. Affirming the plan literally only plays into the neurosis of radical finitude; instead, our affirmative recognizes debate for what it is: a fantasy.
Chernus 91 (Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, 1991, “Nuclear Madness: Religion and Psychology of the Nuclear Age”, pp. 268-272)

The lethal power of our ... seeming madness of religious imagination.

Project Plowshare was a desperate dream, but such insane utopianism represents the metaphorical vision of peace that is the key to escape literal destruction
Chernus 91 (Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, 1991, “Nuclear Madness: Religion and Psychology of the Nuclear Age”, pp. 281-283)

The renaissance we seek must ... heart of the peace process.

The demand for predictability re-enacts the fundamental religious conflict between cosmos and chaos – the attempt to seal off a finite portion of the topic only engenders greater chaos and is part of a violent resistance to infinitude that underpins infinite war and makes change impossible
Chernus 91 (Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, 1991, “Nuclear Madness: Religion and Psychology of the Nuclear Age”, pp. 193-199)

Eliade's images of homo religiosus ... what the problem really is.

Framework is a mutual conspiracy of terror – there are rules against rules against rules, repressing the awareness that there alternative ways of relating to debate – makes true decisionmaking impossible
Chernus 91 (Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, 1991, “Nuclear Madness: Religion and Psychology of the Nuclear Age”, pp. 43-45)

In every nexus, "the game ... more reasonable—and more satisfying.

Tournament: Dartmouth RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Georgia DF | Judge: Gannon, Seth
Our advantage is warming

Warming is real and anthropogenic – skepticism is paid off by the fossil fuel industry
Prothero 12 (Donald Prothero, Professor of Geology at Occidental College, Lecturer in Geobiology at CalTech, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused," 3/1/12, EBSCO)

How do we know that ... can we as a society.

Climate change risks catastrophe, coal production is irradiating the earth and has to be reversed to avoid locking in slow feedbacks
Hansen 8 (James Hansen, directs the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies,  adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University, “Tell Barack Obama the Truth – The Whole Truth,” Nov/Dec 2008, http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2008/20081121_Obama.pdf)

Embers of election night elation ... and restore economic well-being. 

Runaway warming releases excess methane and carbon, makes extinction possible
Morgan 9 (Dennis Ray Morgan, Professor of Current Affairs at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race,” December 2009 Science Direct)
As horrifying as the scenario ... concerning human extinction becomes moot.

Avoiding anthropogenic extinction is an ethical requirement
Bosworth et al. 11 (Andrew, Chair of the working group of the Ethics and Climate Change in Asia and the Pacific Project, Napat Chaipraditkul, Ming Ming Cheng, Kimberly Junmookda, Parag Kadam, Darryl Macer, Charlotte Millet, Jennifer Sangaroonthong, Alexander Waller “Ethics and Biodiversity”, Ethics and Climate Change in Asia and the Pacific Project)

Why should we be concerned ... a basis for conservation efforts.

Climate change disproportionately affects people of color and people living in poverty.
Morello-Frosch et al. 09 – (May 09, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Ph.D., MPH   |   Manuel Pastor, Ph.D.   |  James Sadd, Ph.D.   |  Seth B. Shonkoff, MPH, The Climate Gap, http://dornsife.usc.edu/pere/documents/The_Climate_Gap_Full_Report_FINAL.pdf)

Climate change is real. The ... solutions don’t leave anyone behind. 

Patent protection kills innovation and tech transfer – this derails climate negotiations
Ouelette 10 (Lisa Larrimore Ouellette is a Postdoctoral Associate in Law and Thomson Reuters Fellow at the Information Society Project at Yale Law School, B.A. in physics from Swarthmore College and a Ph.D. in physics from Cornell, and she has conducted scientific research at the Max Planck Institute, CERN, and NIST. She received her J.D. from Yale Law School, where she was an Articles Editor of The Yale Law Journal, a Coker Fellow in Contract Law, and Director of the Yale Chapter of Universities Allied for Essential Medicines. “Addressing the Green Patent Global Deadlock Through Bayh-Dole Reform”, Yale Law Journal, 119 YALE L.J. 1727 (2010))\

ii. Public Sector Patents as Impediments ... with its public-spirited goals.

The patent question is holding everything else at climate negotiations hostage
Latif et al. 11 (Ahmed Abdel Latif is Senior Manager, Programme on Innovation Technology and Intellectual Property at the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development; Keith Maskus is Professor and Associate Dean, College of Arts and Sciences at University of Colorado at Boulder; Ruth Okediji is the William L. Prosser Professor of Law at University of Minnesota Law School; Jerome H Reichman is the Bunyan S Womble Professor of Law at Duke University School of Law and Pedro Roffe is Senior Associate, Programme on Innovation Technology and Intellectual Property at the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. November 2011, “Overcoming the Impasse on Intellectual Property and Climate Change at the UNFCCC: A Way Forward”, http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3105andcontext=faculty_scholarship)

The global spotlight is once ... middle ground in the discussions.

Plan solves global patent deadlock and creates path for an international climate treaty – doesn’t make innovation impossible
Ouellette 10 (Lisa Larrimore Ouellette is a Postdoctoral Associate in Law and Thomson Reuters Fellow at the Information Society Project at Yale Law School, B.A. in physics from Swarthmore College and a Ph.D. in physics from Cornell, and she has conducted scientific research at the Max Planck Institute, CERN, and NIST. She received her J.D. from Yale Law School, where she was an Articles Editor of The Yale Law Journal, a Coker Fellow in Contract Law, and Director of the Yale Chapter of Universities Allied for Essential Medicines. April 21, 2010, “License to Green: Clean Energy vs. Patents”, http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/04/climate-desk-patents-ouellette/)

Developing new green technologies — like ... make China and India happy?

Countries want to cut emissions, but tech transfers are holding up a deal
Casey 10 (Susan Casey-Lefkowitz, Director International Program at the National Resources Defense Council, December 11, 2010, “New international agreement to fight climate change found spirit for consensus in Cartagena Dialogue countries”, http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/sclefkowitz/new_international_agreement_to.html)

Last night, Peru made the ... emissions reductions (see earlier blog).

Without a climate treaty and tech dispersal we can’t reverse warming
Hague 10 (William Hague, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Member of Parliament for Richmond, United Kingdom, “The Diplomacy of Climate Change,” 9/27/10)

But I particularly wanted to ... the scale of the challenge.

International treaty that forces Western countries to play a larger role in reductions is the best option for climate justice
Hahnel 12 (Robin Hahnel, Professor of Economics at Portland State University, 02 Nov 2012, “Desperately Seeking Left Unity on International Climate Policy”, Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 23, Issue 4, 2012, DOI:10.1080/10455752.2012.722308)

This author has been an ... of the climate justice movement.

Global low-carbon technology diffusion is the only way to solve warming – consumption increases swamp any other method
Klemperer 7 (Paul Klemperer, Edgeworth Professor of Economics at Oxford University and Centre for Economic Policy Research Fellow, 13 December 2007, “What is the top priority on climate change?”, http://www.voxeu.org/article/climate-change-innovation-key)

As the developing world ramps ... growth in developing nations’ emissions.

Our heuristic is the best way to confront climate change – some level of fear is necessary and useful to create activism
Romm 12 (Joe Romm,  Ph.D in Physics from MIT, worked at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, former Acting Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy, awarded an American Physical Society Congressional Science Fellowship, executive director of  Center for Energy and Climate Solutions, former researcher at the Rocky Mountain Institute, former Special Assistant for International Security at the Rockefeller Foundation, taught at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress, interview with Ken Caldeira, atmospheric scientist who works at the Carnegie Institution for Science's Department of Global Ecology, “Apocalypse Not: The Oscars, The Media And The Myth of ‘Constant Repetition of Doomsday Messages’ on Climate”, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/26/432546/apocalypse-not-oscars-media-myth-of-repetition-of-doomsday-messages-on-climate/#more-432546
The two greatest myths about ... media, intelligentsia and popular culture.

Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce patent restrictions on the production of wind power resulting from National Science Foundation grants.

Single agency rule can cause a broader licensing shift – fosters global clean tech diffusion
Ouelette 10 (Lisa Larrimore Ouellette is a Postdoctoral Associate in Law and Thomson Reuters Fellow at the Information Society Project at Yale Law School, B.A. in physics from Swarthmore College and a Ph.D. in physics from Cornell, and she has conducted scientific research at the Max Planck Institute, CERN, and NIST. She received her J.D. from Yale Law School, where she was an Articles Editor of The Yale Law Journal, a Coker Fellow in Contract Law, and Director of the Yale Chapter of Universities Allied for Essential Medicines. “Addressing the Green Patent Global Deadlock Through Bayh-Dole Reform”, Yale Law Journal, 119 YALE L.J. 1727 (2010))\
Mandating that federally funded green ... to encourage private-sector innovation.

Stimulating research is a prerequisite to solving the environmental consequences of energy production
Sovacool 8 (Dr. Benjamin K. Sovacool is currently a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore. He is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, VA, where he has taught for the Government and International Affairs Program and the Department of History. Dr. Sovacool recently completed work on a grant from the National Science Foundation’s Electric Power Networks Efficiency and Security Program investigating the social impediments to distributed and renewable energy systems. He has also consulted for the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and U.S. Department of Energy’s Climate Change Technology Program. 2008. “Placing a Glove on the Invisible Hand: How Intellectual Property Rights May Impede Innovation in Energy Research and Development (RandD)”, Alb. L.J. Sci. and Tech. Vol. 18.2)
Unearthing the intellectual property barriers ... deployment strategies for cleaner technologies.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mary Washington | Judge: 

2AC Framework

Counterinterp: pedagogy is a form of affirmation. The role of the ballot is to endorse the team which best activates our political agency as debaters

Debate is not just a meaningless game – it can be a microcosm of what we hope politics can become – Giroux indicates that debate can prefigure change, not just discuss it

Resolved is to reduce by mental analysis, Random House 11 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolve)
Should indicates desirability, OED 11 (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/should?region=us)

USFG

 the people====
Howard, 2005 (Adam, "Jeffersonian Democracy: Of the People, By the People, For the People," http://www.byzantinecommunications.com/adamhoward/homework/highschool/jeffersonian.html, 5/27)

Ideally, then, under Jeffersonian Democracy, the government is the people, and people is the government. Therefore, if a particular government ceases to work for the good of the people, the people may and ought to change that government or replace it. Governments are established to protect the people’s rights using the power they get from the people.
Substantially is : being largely but not wholly that which is specified a substantial lie Merriam Webster 11

We reduce p rest. Increase financial incent
T no aprori

The energy regime inscribes a consumption-obsessed neoliberal subjectivity which causes extinction – that’s Glover – ecopedagogy is only way to reclaim our agency.

We’re key to half the topic – renewables are unworkable under the demands of the current energy regime – that’s Byrne

Academic debate is being dismantled by casino capitalism – internal link turns all their standards – that’s Giroux

Reasonability – voting aff doesn’t eradicate policy debate – we just have to prove that we’re acceptable

Aff choice – burden of rejoinder means the negative needs to actually answer our arguments – anything else is regressively anti-educational

2AC Curriculum

Their ev all terrible doesn’t support their model of debate

Content-learning disintction is stupid – narrow view of instrumental schooling that Giroux critiques

The curriculum has been coopted by violent neoliberal forces – debate key

Hill 10 (Dave Hill is professor of education policy at the University of Northampton, England, and professor of education at Middlesex University, London, England. 2010. Revolutionizing Pedagogy: Education for Social Justice Within and Beyond Global Neo-Liberalism. Eds. Sheila Macrine, Peter McLaren, and Dave Hill, pp. 135-138)

Impacts on Democracy and on Critical Thinking The neoconservative faces of education reform, indeed
AND
, socialist society: in that way we maintain our dignity and hope.

An imposed top-down curriculum can only be anti-democratic

Smyth 10 (John Smyth is a research professor of education at the University of Ballarat. 2010. Revolutionizing Pedagogy: Education for Social Justice Within and Beyond Global Neo-Liberalism. Eds. Sheila Macrine, Peter McLaren, and Dave Hill, pp. 191-192)

Teachers need to be political actors in their educational settings by being clear about the
AND
students in ways that go considerably beyond many current inauthentic and tokenistic attempts.

Our inclusion in the curriculum solves extinction

Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, "Preface" in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, %26 Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. xiv-xvi)

True to this dictum, Kahn unambiguously demands that the survival of the planet (
AND
denigrated our cultural ways and attempted to disable our life-sustaining capacities. 

2AC Predictibility/Limits

Predictability is a practice –

We don’t destroy predictability – we still you have to be related to the resolution – K of neolib is key to energy questions that’s byrne

No impact to fairness – disparaties are inevitable, it’s historically disproven, and self-correcting

Traditional debate isn’t neutral – an appeal to fairness is the neoliberal myth that obscures massive violence

Žižek and Daly 4 (Slavoj, Prof. of European Graduate School, Intl. Director of the Birkbeck Inst. for Humanities, U. of London, and Senior Researcher @ Inst. of Sociology, U. of Ljubljiana, and Glyn, Professor Intl. Studies @ Northampton U., "Risking the Impossible" http://www.lacan.com/zizek-daly.htm)
This is not to endorse any kind of retrograde return to economism. Zizek’s point
AND
political boutiquism that is readily sustained by postmodern forms of consumerism and lifestyle.

Limits are impossible

De Cock 1 (Christian De Cock, Professor of Organizational behaviour, change management, creative problem solving, 2001, "Of Philip K. Dick, reflexivity and shifting realities Organizing (writing) in our post-industrial society" in the book "Science Fiction and Organization")

’As Marx might have said more generally, ’all that is built or all that
AND
some hell to break loose’ (McCloskey, 1994, p. 166). 

Fairness is the myth of the neutral economy that creates structural inequality

Egnor 11 (Bill Egnor, contributor and assistant to the publisher at Firedoglake, Nov 28, 2011, "Occupy Wall St: It is All About Fairness, and that is the Strength of It", http://www.dailykos.com/story/2011/11/28/1040453/-Occupy-Wall-St:-It-is-All-About-Fairness,-and-that-is-the-Strength-of-It)

America has a lot of national myths. In this we are not so different
AND
and as such, if we work together, we can change things.

Their move is not benign – the rhetoric of limits creates a necessarily exclusionary and authoritarian politics

Kulynych 97 (Kulynych, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Winthrop University, 1997 ~Jessica, "Performing Politics," Polity, Winter, v.XXX, n.2, p. 315-330)

II. Disciplining Habermas Political scientists have traditionally understood political participation as an activity that
AND
problem is convincingly thematized is not just a matter of utilizing correct procedure. 

2AC Ground

Begs the question of politics – if we win ecopedagogy is good then you should have predicted it

They can say, renewable energy bad, critical pedagogy bad, neolib good, and any number of kritiks – radical ecology faces a massive amount of criticism in the squo, and people generally seem to like things like the market – it’s not like we didn’t give you ground

Ground loss inevitable – there’s a competitive advantage to race to the margins, policy debate incentivizes obscure disads

2AC Switch Side Debate

We meet – we don’t mandate personal agreement, we just say ecopedagogy is a better method

Link turn – ecopedagogy key to contestation and democratic dissent – that’s Kahn

Switch-side debate assumes a false subtraction from politics – Giroux says that disables activism

Their call for switch-side debate for decision-making skills mirrors the technique of the far-right – it occludes mass extinction of life

Kahn 10 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, %26 Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement, 2010, pp. 9-11)

Worse still, though, is that here environmental literacy has not only been co
AND
a number of theorists and educators who have sought to highlight their limitations.

2AC Lundberg

Lundberg just says debate

Lundberg impact is backwards – we have to foreground a critique of social conditions that deliberation is constructed on to activate political agency

Edwards 13 (Jason Edwards, Lecturer in Politics, Programme Director BA Politics and Government at Birbeck University of London, 2013, "Play and Democracy: Huizinga and the Limits of Agonism," Political Theory 41(1) 90–115, DOI: 10.1177/0090591712463200)

The idea that democracy is played as a form of life implies that what is
AND
embeddedness of play—and culture—in social relations and material practices.

They idealize debate – contestation does not automatically lead to democratic politics – social relations first

Edwards 13 (Jason Edwards, Lecturer in Politics, Programme Director BA Politics and Government at Birbeck University of London, 2013, "Play and Democracy: Huizinga and the Limits of Agonism," Political Theory 41(1) 90–115, DOI: 10.1177/0090591712463200)

What a reading of Huizinga brings to light is the significance of the concept of
AND
and a more critical understanding of the purpose and value of democratic contestation.

2AC Hager

Hager

 anticap anti-expert====
Hager ’7 (Carol, Assoc. Prof. of Political Science @ Bryn Mawr College, "Three Decades of Protest in Berlin Land-Use Planning, 1975-2005" German Studies Review 30, no. 1)
The West German postwar political consensus was shaken in the 1970s by a wave of
AND
, and it sits uneasily with the government goal of increasing bureaucratic efficiency. 

The Hager evidence is descriptive, assumes mobilization is already occurring. Aff can’t explain the extrinsic motivation: Our critique is key

Hager ’95 (Carol J., Assoc. Prof. of Political Science @ Bryn Mawr, "Democratizing Technology: Citizen %26 State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990" Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 65-66)
Throughout the FRG, energy politics evolved in a similar fashion. As Habermas claimed
AND
dimension emerged as the more important and in many ways the more problematic.

Calling debate’s limits into question is key to deliberative democracy

Hager ’95 (Carol J., Assoc. Prof. of Political Science @ Bryn Mawr, "Democratizing Technology: Citizen %26 State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990" Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 69-70)
It is, however, the act of calling existing boundaries into question that keeps
AND
continues for a space for a deliberative politics in modern technological society.61

It’s less difficult, to learn the technical skills – the ideological critique is key

Hager ’95 (Carol J., Assoc. Prof. of Political Science @ Bryn Mawr, "Technical Debate in Administrative Court" Technological Democracy: Bureaucracy and Citizenry in the German Energy Debate, p. 209)
The case study reveals the energy problem to be less technical and more political than
AND
goals and the self-understanding of a significant portion of the citizenry.

2AC Education/Policymaking

Link turn – politics is dead, that’s above – ecopedagogy is the only way to politicize debate and mobilize us as intellectuals and activists

Fetishizing instrumental education kills resistance to neoliberal ideology

Giroux 11 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 28 February 2011, "Left Behind? American Youth and the Global Fight for Democracy", http://www.truth-out.org/left-behind-american-youth-and-global-fight-democracy68042)

Meanwhile, not only have academic jobs been disappearing, but given the shift to
AND
funded, knowledge has to justify itself in market terms or simply perish.

They spatialize the political – imagining the debate space as abstracted from the political destroys the potential for change and confines us to ivory tower politics – that’s Giroux

Focusing on the levers of power cedes politics to warmongers

Kappeler, Freelance author and teacher in England and Germany, 1995 ~Susanne, The Will to Violence: the Politics of Personal Behavior, p. 9-11~

War does not suddenly break out in a peaceful society; sexual violence is not
AND
and that there is no such thing as not acting or doing nothing.
Traditional conceptions of government fiat are fiction—they misrepresent the process of government decisionmaking, and are neither educational nor predictable
Claude 1988 (Inis, Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs, University of Virginia, States and the Global System, pages 18-20)
This view of the state as an institutional monolith is fostered by the notion of
AND
and discipline that theory attributes to them–and that they sometimes claim.

This is especially true in policy debate

Mitchell, Ass’t. Prof. of Communications at Pittsburgh, 1998 ~Gordon, "Pedagogical Possibilities for Argumentative Agency in Academic Debate," Argumentation and Advocacy, Fall, ProQuest~
The sense of detachment associated with the spectator posture is highlighted during episodes of alienation
AND
in the drama of political life" (1991, p. 8).
~He Continues...~
The sense of argumentative agency produced through action research is different in kind from those
AND
change, because the point of reference for experiencing the landscape shifts fundamentally.

Presumption Can’t Test

Presumes a relation to truth we’ve impact turned

Inherently conservative

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Solvency

The current crisis has shaken neoliberal economics at the core – the status quo leads to system-wide collapse and extinction
Öniş and Güven 11 (Ziya Öniş is professor of international relations and director of the Center for Research on Globalization and Democratic Governance (GLODEM) at Koç University. Ali Burak Güven is GLODEM research fellow in the Department of International Relations at Koç University. “The Global Economic Crisis and the Future of Neoliberal Globalization: Rupture Versus Continuity.” Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, October 2011, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 469-488.

This article highlights the major elements of rupture and continuity . . .  UK are being forced back to the drawing board.
Harms

Neoliberal governmentality ensures war, disease, and environmental collapse- economic decision-making views people as a disposable resource for producing capital, only stepping outside this frame for politics can avert extinction
Giroux 6 (Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in Canada.  “Dirty Democracy and State Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States,” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 26.2 (2006) 163-177.)
While it would be ludicrous to suggest that the United States either represents a mirror . . .  the 1990s alone, war forced 20 million children to leave their homes.16  

The market is merely a vehicle for corporate control and first world consolidation of resources – their claims that the market promotes freedom ignore the billions across the globe trapped in abject poverty
McChesney ’99 (Robert, Prof. of Comms @ U of Illinois, Noam Chomsky and the Struggle Against Neoliberalism, Monthly Review, April 1, 1999, http://www.chomsky.info/onchomsky/19990401.htm)

Chomsky may also be the leading critic of the . . .  Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI).

NF3 not aw problem
Vasilis Fthenakis 10 *,
Brookhaven National Laboratory and Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
Daniel O. Clark , Mehran Moalem , and Phil Chandler ,
Applied Materials, Santa Clara, California, United States
Robert G. Ridgeway , Forrest E. Hulbert , David B. Cooper , and Peter J. Maroulis
Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44 (22), pp 8750–8757
DOI: 10.1021/es100401y
Life-Cycle Nitrogen Trifluoride Emissions from Photovoltaics

Using data from the actual production and end uses of NF3 in . . . lowering global NF3 emission factors.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Heg Good K
Hegemony only exists in Kagan’s mind – system is de-centralized, applying hegemonic mythology to policy causes blowback and destroys cooperation
Doran 9 (Charles F., Andrew W. Mellon Prof. of International Relations, Director of the Global Theory and History Program, Director of the Center for Canadian Studies @ Johns Hopkins U., “Fooling Oneself: The Mythology of Hegemony” International Studies Review, Vol. 11.1)

More than a catalogue of techniques other governments use to . . .  to be self-financing, self-enforcing, and self-sufficient.

Heg unsustainable
Layne 4/25 (Christopher Layne, professor and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A and M University’s George H. W. Bush School of Government and Public Service, “The Global Power Shift from West to East,” 4/25/12) http://nationalinterest.org/article/the-global-power-shift-west-east-6796?page=show

This does not mean the United States will go the way of Great Britain during the first half of the . . .  to privilege American interests, norms and values.

Hegemony is a paranoid fantasy---the most secure nation on earth sees threats to empire everywhere, which legitimizes constant violence---you have an obligation to place the structural violence that hegemony invisibilizes at the core of your decision calculus
McClintock 9—chaired prof of English and Women’s and Gender Studies at UW–Madison. MPhil from Cambridge; PhD from Columbia (Anne, Paranoid Empire: Specters from Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib, Small Axe Mar2009, Issue 28, p50-74)

By now it is fair to say that the United States has come to be dominated . . . will henceforth be known as the age of terrorism.” 13 

1AR
Violent isn’t down in the status quo. We control the internal-link to every form of violence
Parr ’13 (Adrian, Assoc. Prof. of Philosophy and Environmental Studies @ U. of Cincinnati, THE WRATH OF CAPITAL: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics, pp. 145-147)
A quick snapshot of the twenty-first century so . . .  from the point that after 2050 it may all be over.

Pinker thinks hegemonic stability theory is bullshit. Also DPT wrong.
Pinker 11 (Steven Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, 2011, “The Long Peace” in The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, Pub. Penguin Press)

In fact, the Democratic Peace theory did even better than its advocates . . .. To understand the Long Peace, we have to pry these influences apart.

Even if its theoretically sustainable – our politics is so messed up it doesn’t matter
Cohen 2/21 (Michael Cohen, Senior Fellow at the American Security Project, serves on the board of the National Security Network and has taught at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs, served in the U.S. Department of State, former Senior Vice President at the strategic communications firm of Robinson, Lerer and Montgomery, bachelor’s degree in international relations from American University and a master’s degree from Columbia University, “Rotting from the Inside Out,” 2/21/12) http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/21/rotting_from_the_inside_out?page=full
This steady stream of woe is certainly dispiriting, but the more optimistic might be inclined to . . .  better about themselves for a while, but it is a distraction from the real and declining elements of U.S. power.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: WGA DF | Judge:
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The new normal is catastrophe: fracking, drilling, warming, sovereign debt, inequality, hyper-consumption – an accelerating vortex underpinned by the mnemotechnics of modernity, a cognitive complex even theory cannot escape. Thought must begin from the death of thought – a break with the eco-oikonomics of philosophy that underpins memetic regimes of dominance

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Cohen 12() (Tom Cohen, Professor of Literary, Cultural, and Media Studies at University at Albany, State University of New York, Ph.D., from Yale University, 2012, “Introduction: Murmurations—“Climate Change” and the Defacement of Theory” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )The point is, today everyone can see . . . ( style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" )all the ruses that maintain that spurious home.

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This is particularly true of climate change – traditional notions of subjectivity operationalize a mnemotechnics that make shared imaginaries impossible. This is telemorphosis: regimes of memory that pave the way toward extinction

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Cohen 12() (Tom Cohen, Professor of Literary, Cultural, and Media Studies at University at Albany, State University of New York, Ph.D., from Yale University, 2012, “Introduction: Murmurations—“Climate Change” and the Defacement of Theory” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( class="TitleChar" )If it is possible to note that theory’s . . . The volume gives this a name, telemorphosis.

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The call to return to the autonomous human subject as the locus of our agency participates in this telemorphosis – ecocatastrophe exceeds our ideas of scale and time, collapsing the received notions of rationality

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Clark 12() (Timothy Clark is Professor of English at the University of Durham, 2012, “Scale” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http:~/~/quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001url:http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Introduction: Scale Effects ( class="TitleChar" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" )You are lost in . . . ( style="font-size: 12pt;" )with ( style="font-size: 12pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" )a well aimed brick( style="font-size: 12pt;" )”? 1

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This is the death of theory – policy solutions toward climate change render thought into calculus, inserting eco-catastrophe within an economy of crisis management

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Before even thinking the question of a new energy source, we must first ask the question: what is the self?

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )McQuillan 12() (Martin McQuillan, Professor of Literary Theory and Cultural Analysis at Kingston University, 2012, “Notes Toward a Post-Carbon Philosophy” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http:~/~/quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001url:http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( class="TitleChar" )This is an essay about philosophy( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" ), its . . . ( class="TitleChar" )at risk by the conjuncture of the two.

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Vote affirmative to endorse a radical disidentification with the subject. Far from lacking theory, politics is saturated by it – referential regimes of memory that authorize and legitimize destruction – only a disoccupation solves

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Cohen 12() (Tom Cohen, Professor of Literary, Cultural, and Media Studies at University at Albany, State University of New York, Ph.D., from Yale University, 2012, “Introduction: Murmurations—“Climate Change” and the Defacement of Theory” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )The rapacious present places the hidden metaphoric levers . . . again, auto-occupation that is accelerating.

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The resolution asks us to increase energy production, but leaves unquestioned the economic relations of the subject. Our interpretation of resolution demands production without economy, energy beyond carbon

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )McQuillan 12() (Martin McQuillan, Professor of Literary Theory and Cultural Analysis at Kingston University, 2012, “Notes Toward a Post-Carbon Philosophy” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http:~/~/quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001url:http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Modern as the phenomenon might be and ( class="TitleChar" )while . . . ( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )special case within the history of modern literature.

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Instead of imagining a world governed by traditional notions of agency, we ask you to imagine climate change as something nonhuman, more than human: inhuman.

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Cohen 12() (Tom Cohen, Professor of Literary, Cultural, and Media Studies at University at Albany, State University of New York, Ph.D., from Yale University, 2012, “Introduction: Murmurations—“Climate Change” and the Defacement of Theory” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Given more, or different times, ( class="TitleChar" )one . . . ( style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" )collaborate with the accelerations we are witnessing today.

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This demands that we deconstruct previous systems of ethics and justice – telemorphosis has made them proxies for infinite violence

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Clark 12() (Timothy Clark is Professor of English at the University of Durham, 2012, “Scale” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http:~/~/quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001url:http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Contra “Liberal Criticism” ( class="TitleChar" )How then can . . . ( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )at all, as a matter of prestige.

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Absent a critique of mnemotechnics, any knowledge or skill we gain from this debate is forgotten – progressive politics has been consumed by the psychosis of corporate design

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Cohen 12() (Tom Cohen, Professor of Literary, Cultural, and Media Studies at University at Albany, State University of New York, Ph.D., from Yale University, 2012, “Introduction: Murmurations—“Climate Change” and the Defacement of Theory” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Bruno Latour, as observed above, offered . . . ( class="TitleChar" ), the more the artefacted present appears spellbound.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: WGA DF | Judge:
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We are fundamentally in agreement with their understanding of ethics and civil society

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Cohen 12() (Tom Cohen, Professor of Literary, Cultural, and Media Studies at University at Albany, State University of New York, Ph.D., from Yale University, 2012, “Introduction: Murmurations—“Climate Change” and the Defacement of Theory” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" )There is a curious parallel between the total . . . ( style="font-size: 5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )be rupturing) ( style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" )the present.( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" ) ( style="font-size: 5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )7

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University link, we are the undercommons, this is reductive

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Clark 12() (Timothy Clark is Professor of English at the University of Durham, 2012, “Scale” in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1, http:~/~/quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001url:http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1.pdf?c=ohp;idno=10539563.0001.001)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Liberal notions of extending the status of the . . . at all, as a matter of prestige.

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AT: Ba

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Ba, 2k11() (Saer, Teaches at Portsmouth University, “The US Decentered: From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation”, Cultural Studies Review, vol 17, no 2)

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( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" )Red, White and Black is particularly undermined . . . ( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )its answers in tow.’ (340)

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Individual focus bad

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Clark 12() (Timothy Clark is Professor of English at the University of Durham, 2012, The Cambridge Introduction to Literature and the Environmenthttp://www.dur.ac.uk/english.studies/academicstaff/?mode=pdetailandid=266andsid=266andpdetail=66677. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 136-139

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )The fragility of some bioregional ideas relates to( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" ) . . . is both local and global at once.35

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The linkage of racism and and modernity falls back on an inadequately corporeal understanding of race

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Hesse, 2k7() (Barnor, Assoc. Prof of African American Studies, Political Science, and Sociology @ Northwestern,  “racialized modernity: An analytics of white mythologies” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30:4)

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( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Modernity is racial. Whiteness( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" ), Christian, ( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" ). . . ( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )and the colony (cf. Hall 2002).

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This makes thinking raciality otherwise impossible – a deconstructive ethics is necessary to combat the racial metaphyics of presence

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Hesse, 2k7() (Barnor, Assoc. Prof of African American Studies, Political Science, and Sociology @ Northwestern,  “racialized modernity: An analytics of white mythologies” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30:4)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Because concepts and ( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )categories are inherited in traditions . . . ( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" )an invisible design ( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )covered over in the palimpsest.

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The desire to fix identity in the body reproduces the worst forms of violence—by definition, all difference becomes a threat to be exterminated when race becomes singular, inevitable, and material

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Paul ( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Gilroy(), ( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )2000(), Professor at London School of Economics, Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line, 102-106

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )We will explore below ()ultranationalist and ( style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" )fascist movements (). . . ( style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" )of this dismal ()( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" )logic style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" ) ( style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" )separation and slaughter.

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All suffering is inexpressible – it exceeds the very medium intended to contain it

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SCARRY 1985 (Elaine, The Body in Pain, p. 12-3)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Second, it was observed that ()ordinarily there . . . whose central content is bodily pain or injury( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" ).

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Identity should not be founded on closure – their homogenous construction of blackness and anti-blackness leads to hypernationalism and violence

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( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Caputo 97() (John D. Caputo, Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion Emeritus at Syracuse University and the David R. Cook Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Villanova University, 1997, Deconstruction in a Nutshell: A Conversation with Jacques Derrida, pp. 113-116)

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( style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )IDENTITY WITHOUT IDENTITY In the "Roundtable," ( class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" ). . . is one, cannot be less than that.

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Bowers essentializes Western thought and advances an ahistorical reading of traditional cultures – we can reconstruct the positive aspects of critical pedagogy
Roberts 2k (Peter Roberts, Senior Lecturer in the School of Education, University of Auckland, 2000, “Education, Literacy, and Humanization: Exploring the Work of Paulo Freire”, pp. 120-122)

WESTERN AND NON-WESTERN CULTURES Bowers employs . . . and of positing an idealized notion of community.

Links to critical pedagogy generically do not apply – ecopedagogy is precisely the deconstruction of Friere’s human/animal dichotomy
Kahn 3 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, 2003, “Paulo Freire and Eco-Justice: Updating Pedagogy of the Oppressed for the Age of Ecological Calamity”, http://getvegan.com/ecofreire.htm)

The environmentally-minded educational theorist C.. . . the proponents of social and eco-justice.

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Counterinterp: pedagogy is a form of affirmation. The role of the ballot is to endorse the team which best activates our political agency as debaters

Resolved is to reduce by mental analysis, Random House 11 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolve)

Should indicates desirability, OED 11 (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/should?region=us)

USFG = the people
Howard, 2005 (Adam, “Jeffersonian Democracy: Of the People, By the People, For the People,” http://www.byzantinecommunications.com/adamhoward/homework/highschool/jeffersonian.html, 5/27)

Ideally, then, under Jeffersonian Democracy, . . . using the power they get from the people.

The call for switch-side debate for decision-making skills mirrors the technique of the far-right – it occludes mass extinction of life
Kahn 10 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement, 2010, pp. 9-11)

Worse still, though, is that here . . . educators who have sought to highlight their limitations.

The curriculum has been coopted by violent neoliberal forces – debate key
Hill 10 (Dave Hill is professor of education policy at the University of Northampton, England, and professor of education at Middlesex University, London, England. 2010. Revolutionizing Pedagogy: Education for Social Justice Within and Beyond Global Neo-Liberalism. Eds. Sheila Macrine, Peter McLaren, and Dave Hill, pp. 135-138)

Impacts on Democracy and on Critical Thinking The . . . that way we maintain our dignity and hope.

Morson concludes aff – dialogue must encounter alternate perspectives and remain open
Morson 4 (http://www.flt.uae.ac.ma/elhirech/baktine/0521831059.pdf#page=331 Northwestern Professor, Prof. Morson's work ranges over a variety of areas: literary theory (especially narrative); the history of ideas, both Russian and European; a variety of literary genres (especially satire, utopia, and the novel); and his favorite writers -Chekhov, Gogol, and, above all, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He is especially interested in the relation of literature to philosophy.)

A belief in truly dialogic ideological becoming would . . . is especially good at fostering such dialogic habits.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Perm do ecopedagogy and ecojustice– Bowers digs ecopedagogy, and our evidence specifically
Bowers 10 (C. A. Bowers, Professor Emeritus of Educational Studies at Portland State University, Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Oregon. 2010. “Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: the Ecopedagogy Movement”, ed. Richard Kahn, Front Matter)
 
“Richard Kahn’s book hopefully represents the beginning . . . order to align with the politics of sustainability.” 

They straw man critical p, bridging good
Kahn 8 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, 2008, “Towards Ecopedagogy: Weaving a Broad-based Pedagogy of Liberation for Animals, Nature, and the Oppressed People of the Earth”, http://richardkahn.org/writings/ecopedagogy/towardsecopedagogy.pdf)

Though Bowers has spent voluminous pages in excoriating . . . for the social and ecological betterment of all.

Bowers misreads Friere’s reflexivity – the alternative is ignorance and the reproduction of violence, Hitler Youth
Roberts 2k (Peter Roberts, Senior Lecturer in the School of Education, University of Auckland, 2000, “Education, Literacy, and Humanization: Exploring the Work of Paulo Freire”, pp. 131-135)

BEYOND CULTURAL CONSERVATISM Freirean pedagogy is not without . . . relations which form the object of critical reflection.

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The permutation is net beneficial—only perspectives of multiple sites of oppression can solve
Butler, Professor of Rhetoric at Berkeley, 2004 Judith, “Bodies That Matter,” Engaging with Irigaray, Ed. Burke, Schor, Whitford, p.p. 164-165
Significantly, this prohibition emerges at the site . . . own—the exclusions by which we proceed.

The critique’s approach to sexual difference is totalizing—only by analyzing the articulation of sexual difference among other vectors of domination such as race and class can we preclude the critique from becoming essentialist
Winnubst, Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern, 1999 Shannon, “Exceeding Hegel and Lacan: Different Fields of Pleasure within Foucault and Irigaray,” Hypatia 14.1, muse
Simultaneously, bringing Foucault's rich sense of historical . . . and articulate the differences within our different lives.