Tournament: Gonz | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Nuclear industry is key to the economy – high skilled workers, manufacturing and construction sectors. Even the prospect of new plants sends a signal – solves short and long-term growth.
NEI 9 ("New Nuclear Power Plants Will Spure U.S. Economy, Help Achieve Climate Change Goals" November 10 2009 www.nei.org/newsandevents/newsreleases/new-nuclear-power-plants-will-spur-us-economy-help-achieve-climate-change-goals-/)

Increased use of nuclear energy to meet rising electricity demand with a clean-air
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sector, including additional policy support from the federal government," she said.

Nuclear industry solves short and long-term economic growth – your time-frame take-outs don’t apply
NEI 12 (Nuclear Energy Institute "Nuclear Energy’s Economic Benefits — Current and Future" April 2012 http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/documentlibrary/newplants/whitepaper/jobs/)**

The nuclear energy industry can play an important role in job creation and economic growth
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in-clude design and engineering, manufacturing, information technology and transportation.

Manufacturing down now – transitioning to high-tech sector
Swezey and McConaghy 11 (Devon Swezey and Ryan McConaghy, the Schwartz Initiative On American Economic Policy "Manufacturing Growth: Advanced Manufacturing and the Future of the american Economy" October 2011)

The manufacturing sector has been in relative decline for some time. From 1957 to
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- turing in our economy and the design of national policy toward manufacturing.

Nuclear renaissance key to jumpstart US manufacturing – role model for the industry
McAndrews 10 (Elizabeth McAndrew-Benavides, President of North American Young Generation "Nuclear Industry Workforce Eduction Revitalizes Skilled Labor and Manufacturing Careers" November 16, 2010 www.cleanenergyinsight.org/energy-insights/nuclear-industry-workforce-education-revitalizes-skilled-labor-and-manufacturing-careers/)

By 2006, manufacturing employment shrunk to a mere 10 percent of U.S
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of new careers and economic expansion. In fact, it already has.
High-tech manufacturing key to job creation and overall economic growth
Swezey and McConaghy 11 (Devon Swezey and Ryan McConaghy, the Schwartz Initiative On American Economic Policy "Manufacturing Growth: Advanced Manufacturing and the Future of the american Economy" October 2011)

Advanced manufacturing is vital to widespread job creation and economic growth. Manufacturing already has
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negatively impact U.S. competitiveness in high-tech services.34

Economic decline causes every major impact
Green and Schrage 9 (Michael J and Steven,.,Senior Advisor and Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Associate Professor at Georgetown University, the CSIS Scholl Chair in International Business and a former senior official with the US Trade Representative’s Office, State Department and Ways %26 Means Committee.   "It’s not just the economy," Asia Times Online, March 26, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Asian_Economy/KC26Dk01.html AD 6/30/09) 

Facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, analysts at the World Bank
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collaboration on common threats and slow the prospects for more rapid recovery. 

Economic decline causes war – studies prove
Royal, Director Cooperative Threat Reduction DOD, ’10 (Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises" in ’Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives’ ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
Economic leadership prevents global economic collapse – resiliency is inevitable unless US influence collapses
Mandelbaum 2005(Michael, Professor and Director of the American Foreign Policy Program at Johns Hopkins, The Case for Goliath: How America Acts As the World’s Government in the Twenty-First Century, p. 192-195)

Although the spread of nuclear weapons, with the corresponding increase in the likelihood that
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United States would in this way resemble a fleet of cars without gasoline.

Advantage 2

Plan is uniquely key to create a viable nuclear industry that can solve warming
Reilly 1995 (Kathleen, J.D. Candidate at Indiana University School of Law, Spring, "Global Benefits Versus Local Concerns: The Need for a Bird’s Eye View of Nuclear Energy", 70 Indiana Law Journal, 679)

If nuclear energy production ceases, the nation will be forced to turn to alternatives
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Commission to effectively regulate nuclear development from a national and even global perspective.
And United States leadership on nuclear power is vital to create a sustainable global nuclear power industry and prevent warming
Weart 2012 (Spencer R, ’physicist’ "Shunning Nuclear Power Will Lead to a Warmer World," March 26,
http://e360.yale.edu/feature/shunning_new_nuclear_power_plants_will_lead_to_warmer_world/2510/)

A disaster began when a tsunami struck the Fukushima nuclear reactors a little more than
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from staving off the all too real danger of a global climate disaster.
Nuclear is the only feasible coal replacement
Bosselman 7 (Fred Bosselman, Professor of Law Emeritus, Chicago-Kent College of Law. Professor Bosselman is not affiliated with any company or agency that promotes nuclear power "The Ecological Advantages Of Nuclear Power" New York University Environmental Law Journal, Volume 15, March 15, 2007)

I. Coal and nuclear power are the realistic choices to meet the need for
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base-load power, the choice is between coal and nuclear power.

Warming is real and human caused – an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence
Rahmstorf 2008 (Stefan, Professor at the Postdam Institute for Climate Research, "Anthropogenic Climate Change: Revisiting the Facts," http://www.pik-http:www.pik/ potsdam.de/stefan/Publications/Book_chapters/Rahmstorf_Zedillo_2008.pdf)

This paper discussed the evidence for the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and the
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that anthropogenic global warming is a reality with which we need to deal.

Warming causes extinction
Sify 2010 – Sydney newspaper citing Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, professor at University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute, and John Bruno, associate professor of Marine Science at UNC; Sify News, "Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?", http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html
The findings of the comprehensive report: ’The impact of climate change on the world’s
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, according to a GCI release. These findings were published in Science.
Acting now prevents runaway warming—newest studies
Romm 2012(Joe, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, Ph.D. in physics from MIT, March 1, "Bombshell: You Can’t Slow Projected Warming With Gas, You Need ’Rapid and Massive Deployment’ of Zero-Carbon Power", http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/03/01/428764/ddrop-in-warming-requires-rapid-massive-deployment039-of-zero-carbon-power-not-gas/?mobile=nc)jn-http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/03/01/428764/ddrop-in-warming-requires-rapid-massive-deployment039-of-zero-carbon-power-not-gas/?mobile=nc)jn

Much of the media coverage of this study has been of the form, "
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plants and replace them with very-low-carbon systems or conservation:

Contention One – Contention One

Plan: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission should declare its sole authority to regulate nuclear power generation in the United States. 

State laws regulating the nuclear industry are destroying federal standards for nuclear power generation and waste disposal now despite clear federal intent – only the NRC clarifying the pre-emption doctrine prevents juries from acting on nuclear irrationality
Jose and Garza 7 (Donald E. Jose, managing partner of the law firm Jose %26 Associates in West Chester, PA, and Michael A. Garza, J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center "The Complete Federal Preemption of Nuclear Safety Should Prevent Scientifically Irrational Jury Verdicts in Radiation Litigation" Temple Journal of Science, Technology %26 Environmental Law, 26 Temp. J. Sci. Tech. %26 Envtl. L. 1, Spring, 2007)

Continuing to misread and misunderstand the 1988 Amendments to the Price-Anderson Act,
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would be unworkable. Yet, that is exactly the effect of Cook.

State restrictions have ended industrial advancement—even licensed plants are blocked by the states
Garvey 11 (Todd Garvey, Legislative attorney for the Congressional Research Service "State Authority to Regulate Nuclear Power: Federal Preemption Under the Atomic Energy Act" September 6, 2011)

A finding that a state law is grounded in nuclear safety concerns is not "
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operation of the plant in the face of a NRC approved operating license.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission should enact regulations establishing its sole authority to regulate nuclear issues and can issue regulations establishing federal control through pre-emption doctrine
Harper 11 (Richard S. Harper, attorney for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission "Pacific Gas and Electric Revisited: Federal Preemption of State Nuclear Moritoria, Journal of Energy and Environmental Law, Summer 2011)

First, the NRC should enact regulations establishing its sole authority to regulate nuclear waste
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having the NRC issue regulations regarding nuclear waste would be a favorable option.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent:  | Judge:
States control over industry destroys competitiveness and the economy
Meyerson 2009(Harold, Prospect Staff Writer, November 19, "Fed Up With Federalism", http://prospect.org/article/fed-federalism-0) 

By accident of its birth -- a collection of separate colonies that slowly came together
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and especially during a recession, it makes no damn sense at all.
Economic decline causes war – studies prove
Royal, Director Cooperative Threat Reduction DOD, ’10 (Jedediah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises” in ‘Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives’ ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
Russia models US federalism
Lynn and Novikov 1997(Nicholas J., lecturer at U Edinburgh, and Alexei V., project manager at the Instutute for Urban Economics, 3-22-97 ("Refederalizing Russia: Debates on the Idea of Federalism in Russia", Publius, p. Lexis)

One of the most important political debates in Russia since 1990 has been over the
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who proposed abolishing all the republics and national-formations in1991.(18)
No federal involvement in Russian nuclear policies now—it’s key to nuclear security
Bunn 2008(Matthew, Associate Professor at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, November, "Securing the Bomb 2008", www.nti.org/about/projects/Securing-bomb/)

Ongoing weaknesses in nuclear security rules. As every dollar spent on security is a
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issues raised by regulators to percolate to the highest levels of the government.
Lost fissile material is THE most likely source for a terrorist attack
Allison 2004(Graham, Director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, and the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government and faculty chair of the Dubai Initiative at the Harvard Kennedy School, September, "Nuclear Terrorism: How Serious a Threat to Russia?", http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/660/nuclear_terrorism.html)

National security experts agree that the most likely way terrorists will obtain a nuclear bomb
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go into a family car” -- a “terrorist’s dream.”[24]

Terrorist retaliation causes nuclear war – draws in Russia and China
Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (“After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)

A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Agency preemption of federalism is the critical battleground for global issues of federalism
Young 2008(Earnest, Professor of Law at Duke Law School, "Executive Preemption", Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 102, No. 2, p869)

Preemption of state regulatory authority by national law is the central federalism issue of our
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Agency action thus evades both the political and the procedural safeguards of federalism.

Current congressional rules eliminate any potential benefits of federalism—only the aff can destroy federalism and create a strong preemptive government
Rebenstein 2012(David, Associate Professor of Law at Washburn University, "Delegating Supremacy?", Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 65 No. 4)

Apart from the foregoing, administrative preemption has a compounding effect on the federalism balance
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The absence of any meaningful constitutional limits on such delegations results in disproportionate federalism

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: UPS | Judge:
US Nuclear leadership is key to the Global non-prolif regime – Failure to stimulate the domestic industry decreases US influence
Domenici and Miller 12 (Pete Domenici, former U.S. senator and Senior Policy Fellow for Bipartisan Policy Center, and Warren F. Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy “Maintaining Us Leadership in global Energy Markets” 

Strategic Goal: Continued strong U.S. leadership in global nuclear security matters
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, could help address concerns about the proliferation of uranium-enrichment capabilities).
U.S. nuclear leadership is vital to strengthen the non-prolif regime
Bipartisan Policy Center 2012(July 19, " Bipartisan Policy Center Nuclear Initiative Releases Report on Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets and International Non-Proliferation Issues", http://bipartisanpolicy.org/news/press-releases/2012/07/bipartisan-policy-center-nuclear-initiative-releases-report-maintaining-)

“Our ability to be a global leader on non-proliferation issues is intimately
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ability to offer practical solutions to safety, security, and nonproliferation challenges.”
Newly arising threats and international nuclear power makes this a turning point for the proliferation regime
Bengelsdorf and McGoldrick 2007(Harold, former director of State and Energy Department offices concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs, and Fred, DoE policymaker in the field of nonproliferation, May, "THE U.S. DOMESTIC CIVIL NUCLEAR INFRASTRUCTURE AND U.S. NONPROLIFERATION POLICY", http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/COUNCIL_WHITE_PAPER_Final.pdf)

The international nonproliferation regime has proved largely effective in limiting the spread of nuclear weapons
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needs but also to address the environmental problems produced by other energy sources.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round:  | Opponent: UPS | Judge:
No Link – the President is shielded from energy regulatory decision-making
Joseph Tomain 90   “THE DOMINANT MODEL OF UNITED STATES ENERGY POLICY,” U. Colo. L. Rev.,  http://scholarship.law.uc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1134andcontext=fac_pubs  

Since the beginning of the 1980s, energy markets have moved toward equilibrium, thus reducing the need for radical Executive and Congressional intervention. Instead, day-to-day regulation takes place away from the more political branches and is accomplished through administrative agencies and the court system. Contemporary federal regulation of the natural gas and electric industries is occurring most noticeably at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the primary innovator in the developing area of government markets.
Despite polls Obama loses – low moderate turnout and your cards assume registered not likely voters
Jay Cost, staff writer at The Weekly Standard, 9-3-12 (The State of the Race Obama is ahead, barely. http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/state-race_650793.html?page=2)

With just over two months until Election Day, Barack Obama holds a narrow lead
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of likely voters, Romney has been mostly in the lead since May.
Liberal base will accept increases in nuclear energy production – this isn’t the 70’s
Chris Mooney, Science and political journalist 4-15-11 (U.S. Liberals on Nuclear: “It’s Complicated.” Discover Magazine. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/intersection/2011/04/05/libs-on-nukes/)

Conservatives have long alleged that liberals and environmentalists have knee-jerk negative views of
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nuclear issues too incomparable (or too complex) to draw any conclusions?
No Link and Turn: The nuclear energy lobby has major power and will spin the plan to make it a political win
Diane Farsetta, Senior Researcher at the Center for Media and Democracy, 2008 (March. Meet the Nuclear Power Lobby http://www.progressive.org/farsetta0308.html) 

NEI has certainly won bragging rights. Thanks to its persistence, a growing number
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state bills on new nuclear power plants and nuclear waste storage and reprocessing. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Weber | Judge:
(  )  There’s no way to compare the effects of representations to policy actions – proves their framework produces bad apples-and-oranges debates
Pinar Bilgin, Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara, 2005, Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective, p. 52-53
Here I distinguish between the representational and material dimensions of power for analytical reasons in
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of an observable power relationship does not necessarily mean there is not one. 

Liberalism can affirm cultural difference and contingency – their critique is a totalizing portrayal of liberalism that destroys progressive change
Arslan, professor of government – Polis Akademisi Güvenlik Bilimleri Fakültesi,‘99
(Zhutu, “Taking Rights Less Seriously,” Res Publica 5)

Incredulous of foundational truth claims, the postmodernists reject the idea that human beings have certain rights simply by virtue of being human. Foucault for instance claims that, like the individual, civil liberties are nothing but expressions of governance and disciplinary power.98 Gaete writes:
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self and universality. Perhaps they need to begin taking rights more seriously. 

Nuclear radiation isn’t harmful
Bosselman 7 (Fred Bosselman, Professor of Law Emeritus, Chicago-Kent College of Law. Professor Bosselman is not affiliated with any company or agency that promotes nuclear power “The Ecological Advantages Of Nuclear Power” New York University Environmental Law Journal, Volume 15, March 15, 2007)

The U.N. agencies’ study found that the explosion caused fewer deaths than
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of ‘natural’ disturbance to the point that the dichotomy becomes artificial.”273
Winning their link arguments doesn’t disprove the aff
Tyler Cowen, GMU, December 2006, “The Epistemic Problem Does Not Refute Consequentialism,” Utilitas, 18:4, pq
The epistemic critique relies heavily on a complete lack of informationabout initial circumstances. This
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uncertainty should not stop us from pursuing large upfront benefits of obvious importance.
Epistemology must be secondary to the prior question of political practice
Jarvis 00 (Darryl, Senior Lecturer in International Relations – University of Sydney, International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, p. 128-9)
More is the pity that such irrational and obviously abstruse debate should so occupy us
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to address the real life plight of those who struggle at marginal places.

Pragmatic goals are the best way to save the environment – utopian alternatives will never materialize and only waste time and energy
Martin Lewis professor in the School of the Environment and the Center for International Studies at Duke University. Green Delusions, 1992 p18-19
In marked contrast, the decoupling perspective endorsed here seeks to separate human activities from
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be achieved through gradual steps that remain on the track of technological progress. 

Debates about the political process are essential to gender inclusion.
Dietz 87
(Mary G. Dietz, Professor of Political Science and Gender Studies Program at Northwestern University, “Context Is All: Feminism and Theories of Citizenship”, Daedalus, Vol. 116, No. 4, Fall, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20025121)
The key idea here is that citizenship must be conceived of as a continuous activity
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generally, I will direct my remarks to feminism in the United States.
Eco-feminism perpetuates patriarchy because it essentializes a stable feminine identity and concedes to men the reigns of power
Martin Lewis professor in the School of the Environment and the Center for International Studies at Duke University. Green Delusions, 1992 p35
Radical eco-feminism has also been challenged by mainstream feminists. Especially contentious is
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and technology, radical eco-feminism itself may unwittingly help perpetuate patriarchy.
Gender oppression does not cause war, it’s the other way around

Joshua Goldstein, Int’l Rel Prof @ American U, 2001, War and Gender, p. 412

First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working
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on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate.
Critique must engage the state.  Failure to do so guarantees that the alternative will fail, no coalitions will be formed, and politics will be ceded to authoritarian Right-wing groups.  Only engaging the institutions of the state can transform them.  And the permutation solves all of these problems.

Mouffe 2009(Chantal Mouffe is Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, “The Importance of Engaging the State”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh, pp. 233-7)
In both Hardt and Negri, and Virno, there is therefore emphasis upon ‘
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my view, is how we should conceive the nature of radical politics.

Critical Theory destroys your ability to engage in productive debates and political solutions.  It is wishful thinking that produces only “me-search” and not “research”.

Chandler 2009(David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, “Questioning Global Political Activism”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh,  pp. 81-2)
Today more and more people are ‘doing politics’ in their academic work. This
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peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation.

State moratoria on nuclear power prevent meaningful public participation in the decisionmaking process, state moratoria and restrictions mean no citizen involvement in the evaluation of nuclear power.

Cohen 11
(Marshall Cohen is the Senior Director of State and Local Government Affairs at the Nuclear Energy Institute, Testimony on Minnestoa H.F. 9 - Nuclear Power Plant New Construction Prohibition Repeal, January 11, 2011, http://www.nei.org/publicpolicy/congressionaltestimony/january-11-2011/)

Much has changed in St. Paul, in Washington and around the country since
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will never be built in Minnesota unless Minnesota wants one to be built.

They won’t achieve their mindset shift, and even if they do concrete policies options will still be  key
Martin Lewis professor in the School of the Environment and the Center for International Studies at Duke University. Green Delusions, 1992 p11-12
Here I will argue that eco-radical political strategy, if one may call
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political plans must be devised if those policies are ever to be realized.

Emancipatory politics must be methodical, incremental, and committed to process.  Failure to do so in favor of a radical politics destroys value to life and risks extinction.

Dietz 94
(Mary G. Dietz, Professor of Political Science and Gender Studies Program at Northwestern University, “’THE SLOW BORING OF HARD BOARDS’: METHODICAL THINKING AND THE WORK OF POLITICS”, American Political Science Review, Vol. 88, No. 4 December 1994, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2082713.pdf)

We do disservice to these moments of Arendtian action, however (and hence to
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other words, we must think methodically about what is to be done. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: UCO/UMKC Hybrid | Judge:
Court Action links to politics
Harrison 5 (Lindsay,Lecturer in Law, University of Miami Law School and Stephen I. Vladeck, Associate Professor of Law at the University Of Miami School Of Law, is a national expert in national security law and the Detention Power., Does the Court Act as "Political Cover" for the Other Branches? November 18, legaldebate.blogspot.com)
While the Supreme Court may have historically been able to act as political cover for
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ruling that, for whatever reason, received the attention of the public.
Roberts’ decision saved court legitimacy
Milbank 2012(Dana, Washington Post Staff, July 1, "Supreme Court: The umpire strikes back", http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/07/01/2875050/supreme-court-the-umpire-strikes.html)

Whatever one thinks of the healthcare ruling, Roberts’ opinion was extraordinarily brave. It
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so, he upheld his integrity, and that of the Roberts court.
Sudden reversals of precedent puts throttle legitimacy
Smith 91 Christopher E., Prof PoliSci @ Akron Law, Kentucky Law Journal

Justice Brennan was reportedly "galled by the [C]ourt's reading of civil
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about what the Court's dominant new majority will do in the immediate future.
Loss of judicial legitimacy crushes U.S. Soft power
Harold Koh   Professor or Law at Yale. 10-3-03. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people3/Koh/koh-con4.html

Yes. Again, this is an idea of a legal exoskeleton that is not
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rule of law, human rights, as core to our soft power.
Soft power is key to prevent multiple scenarios for nuclear war
Joseph Nye, badass and frmr assis. Sec defense, Winter 1996, W. Q., p ln
While generally less threatening to U.S. interests than global or regional balance
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of bilateral alliances, regional security organizations and alliances, and global institutions. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: UCO/UMKC Hybrid | Judge:
Prior focus on ontology causes paralysis – having “good enough knowledge” is a sufficient condition for action
Kratochwil, professor of international relations – European University Institute, ‘8
(Friedrich, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213)

The lesson seems clear. Even at the danger of “fuzzy boundaries”, when
AND
AND
Besides, “timing” seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment.
Extinction outweighs
Davidson, associate professor of philosopgy – U Chicago, ‘89
(Arnold I, Critical Inquiry, Winter, pg. 426)

I understand Levinas’ work to suggest another path to the recovery of the human,
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but dust and ashes; and it is here that questioning must stop.
a) Stable evaluation – plan-focus is the only way to ensure clear, stable comparisons between plans and alternatives. Any other framework causes confusion over what’s being compared and what method the judge should use to weigh competing claims.
Pinar Bilgin, Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara, 2005, Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective, p. 52-53
Here I distinguish between the representational and material dimensions of power for analytical reasons in
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of an observable power relationship does not necessarily mean there is not one.
The alternative causes a passitivity that is ethically bankrupt and perpetuates global violence.  

Bookchin 95(Murray, Founder of the Institute for Social Ecology and Former Professor at Ramapo College, 1995 [Re-enchanting Humanity, p. 168-170] Rein)

"Insofar as Heidegger can be said to have had a project to shape human
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it at all, as part of a techno-industrial ‘condition’.
Technology can be used without assigning meaning

Dreyfus 96 (Hubert, “Being and Power: Heidegger and Foucault” University of California Berkeley http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~hdreyfus/html/paper_being.html)

In the end, however, he seems clearly to hold that technology can treat
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sense of standing-reserve no longer stands over against us as object."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Rd 2 Vs UCO/UMKC Hybrid
Romney will win 301 electoral votes
Dean Chambers, Political Analyst, 9-21-12 (Mitt Romney winning 301 electoral votes as projected by polling data/ http://www.examiner.com/article/mitt-romney-winning-301-electoral-votes-as-projected-by-polling-data-1)

If the election were held today Mitt Romney would win 301 electoral votes while
AND
above shows the map based on this analysis and projection of electoral votes.
Iran wouldn’t retaliate—they’d attempt to gain politically
The Wilson Center 9/11(2012, "The Iran Project", http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/IranReport_091112_FINAL.pdf)

We do think it possible that the Iranians might limit the scope of their retaliation, in order to develop support and sympathy from key regional states and the broader international community, gauging that they would gain politically from being perceived as the victim.37
U.S. strikes would be good—they’d prevent military reaction and prevent Iranian prolif
The Wilson Center 9/11(2012, "The Iran Project", http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/IranReport_091112_FINAL.pdf)

II.1. U.S. Military Action. We estimate that a
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to be involved in work on nuclear weapons, such as Parchin.29
An Israeli strike would fail
YNet News 9/21(2012, "Expert:Israeli strike on Iran's nuke sites would be folly", http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4284388,00.html)

Israel's weak spots in a possible strike against Iran are placed under the spotlight yet
AND
choose to hit a few of targets rather than all eight of them.
Strikes would succeed and stop Iranian prolif
Long 2011(Austin, professor at the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, November 18, "Can They?", http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/83631/can-they/)jn
Iranian air defense is weak, and it relies on either advanced but short-
AND
strike and many times more difficult than the strike against Dayr az Zawr.

Iranian prolif collapses heg, causes cascading Middle East prolif, and causes escalation in Israel—that draws in outside powers
Kroenig 2012(Matthew, nt professor of Government at Georgetown University and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, February, "Time to Attack Iran", http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136917/matthew-kroenig/time-to-attack-iran)jn
Some states in the region are doubting U.S. resolve to stop the
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the two countries that could draw the United States in, as well. 

Proliferation leads to nuclear war
Utgoff 02, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the  Institute for Defense Analyses., Survival, vol. 44, no. 2, Summer 2002, pp. 85–102 “Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions”  
In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out
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a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations.
Heg collapse causes nuclear war
Barnett, Professor, Warfare Analysis and Research Dept – U.S. Naval War College, 3/7/’11
(Thomas, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads)
Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads
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a profound and persistent reduction in battle deaths from state-based conflicts.

Rd 7 Vs Kansas HS
Growth is key to reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Anderson 4 [Terry L. professor of economics at Montana State University, Ph.D. in economics, “Why Economic Growth is Good for the Environment,” http://www.perc.org/articles/article446.php]
Hansen's essay concludes on an optimistic note, saying "the main elements [new
AND
, its use will be reduced by new technology and alternative fuel sources.
Market forces also cause economic growth, which in turn leads to environmental improvements.
AND
finds that "higher GDP reduces total net [greenhouse gas] emissions."
Romney will win 301 electoral votes
Dean Chambers, Political Analyst, 9-21-12 (Mitt Romney winning 301 electoral votes as projected by polling data/ http://www.examiner.com/article/mitt-romney-winning-301-electoral-votes-as-projected-by-polling-data-1)

If the election were held today Mitt Romney would win 301 electoral votes while
AND
above shows the map based on this analysis and projection of electoral votes.
Even if Romney and GOP win – dems block EPA rollback
Star Ledger, 12  (6/3, http://blog.nj.com/njv_editorial_page/2012/06/scary_times_for_environment_--.html)
Yes, there are restraints on how bad this could get. Some of the
AND
in the Senate. The dreaded filibuster rule could finally come in handy.
Obama budget sequestration will kill heg, cause Iran war, and cause mid east instability.
Bucci 12(Steve, —Steven P. Bucci, PhD, is Senior Research Fellow for Defense and Homeland Security in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, a division of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, at The Heritage Foundation. Brian Slattery, a Research Assistant in the Allison Center, contributed to this report.”Anti American protests and budget sequestration” http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/09/anti-american-protests-in-the-middle-east-impact-of-sequestration)

Sequestration refers to the automatic cuts in the federal government’s operations mandated by the Budget
AND
. Members need no new devices to do this but only the will.
Heg collapse causes nuclear war
Barnett, Professor, Warfare Analysis and Research Dept – U.S. Naval War College, 3/7/’11
(Thomas, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads)
Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads
AND
a profound and persistent reduction in battle deaths from state-based conflicts.
Independently, Naval power solves global WMD conflicts
Peele ’97 (Reynolds B., Lieutenant, USMC, The Importance of Maritime Chokepoints, Parameters, Summer)
There are presently six significant regional economic and military concerns that require constant strategic focus
AND
key SLOCs to ensure that US security and economic interests can be protected.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: UT Austin ClMi | Judge:
Even if past predictions have failed that’s not a reason to reject the aff—predictions like the 1ac can be productive in preventing crises, and a complete rejection allows catastrophes that allowing for some predictions would solve
Fuyuki Kurasawa, Professor of Sociology at York University, 2004, Constellations, Vol. 11, No. 4, p. 471-472
None of this is to disavow the international community’s rather patchy record of avoiding foreseeable
AND
must be made, starting with us, in the here and now.
The fact that prediction isn’t perfect should NOT mean that we abandon it – rather, imperfections in predictive models should lead us to debate over the best predictions we can make and take action to prevent crisis precisely because the future is uncertain. Prefer this evidence – it assumes their critique of prediction and is conclusive on what to do about it.
Fuyuki Kurasawa, Professor of Sociology at York University, 2004, Constellations, Vol. 11, No. 4, p. 458-459
When engaging in the labor of preventive foresight, the first obstacle that one is
AND
anticipate and prepare for possible and avoidable sources of harm to our successors.
Focus on epistemology leads to paradigm wars- focusing on substance is key
Alexander Wendt, 3rd Most Influential Scholar of IR in the World According to Survey of 1084 IR Scholars, 98
(“On Constitution and Causation in International Relations,” British International Studies Association)
As a community, we in the academic study of international politics spend too much
AND
sparring over epistemology is often one-sided, intolerant caricatures of science.

There’s a distinction between uncertainty and risk. In conditions of uncertainty, there’s no way of knowing what outcomes are possible, which is when prediction fails. That’s what they criticize. Our argument is an assessment of risk – we know the possible outcomes and can analyze relative probabilities. This means our argument is more likely to be true.
Michael Fitzsimmons, Washington, DC-based defense analyst, Winter 2006-2007, Survival, Vol. 48, No. 4, p. 134
However, the weak grounds for emphasising uncertainty are only half the problem: even
AND
greater variability in the scenarios and planning factors against which strategies are tested.
But handling even this weaker form of uncertainty is still quite challeng¬ing. If not
AND
in strategic calculation should be carefully tailored to available analytic and decision processes.

Their alternative fails—it’s a statement of intent with no method of implementation.

Jones 99 (Richard, professor of International Politics at the University of Wales, Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory, CIAO Net)
Because emancipatory political practice is central to the claims of critical theory, one might
AND
epistemological and methodological claims and thus that it is a fatally flawed enterprise.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Kansas HS | Judge:
a) Stable evaluation – plan-focus is the only way to ensure clear, stable comparisons between plans and alternatives. Any other framework causes confusion over what’s being compared and what method the judge should use to weigh competing claims.
Pinar Bilgin, Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara, 2005, Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective, p. 52-53
Here I distinguish between the representational and material dimensions of power for analytical reasons in
AND
of an observable power relationship does not necessarily mean there is not one.
Individual action alternatives are doomed to failure, they create isolation while avoiding responsibility for outcomes.  Avoidance of debates about problems and solutions prevents meaningful politics.

Chandler 2009
(David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, “Questioning Global Political Activism”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh,  pp. 78-9)

People often argue that there is nothing passive or conservative about radical political activist protests
AND
also reflected in its rejection of any form of social movement or organisation.  
Short-term big impacts come before critiques of epistemology – even if there’s only a very small chance we’re right, it’s worth trying to prevent short-term catastrophes
Tyler Cowen, GMU, December 2006, “The Epistemic Problem Does Not Refute Consequentialism,” Utilitas, 18:4,
Let us start with a simple example, namely a suicide bomber who seeks to
AND
evaluative judgment, but a sufficiently large upfront event should do the trick.
Individual focus allieviates responsibility on the institution, causing worse practices turning the alt
Maniates, Allegheny College, Professor of Political Science, 1
(Michael F., “Individualization: Plant a Tree, Buy a Bike, Save the World?”, Global Environmental Politics, August 1, EBSCO, p. 33-34)

For the lack of a better term, call this response the individualization of responsibility
AND
environmental impact” becomes, paradoxically, a consumer-product growth industry.
Only a combination of infrastructure and individual action can solve
Fahlquist, Department of Philosophy, Delft University of Technology, 8
(Jessica Nihle´n Fahlquist, November 22, 2008, J Agric Environ Ethics, “Moral Responsibility for Environmental Problems—Individual or Institutional?,” http://www.ethicsandtechnology.eu/images/uploads/jes.pdf , Springer, pg 8-9)

What, then, can be said about the reasonableness of alternatives? When does
AND
separately nor to the group of individual consumers or citizens in these societies.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 5 | Opponent: NYU | Judge:
Regulations 1AC
Sea Colonies
Overpopulation is creating multiple ecological crises, causing overfishing and creating food shortage conflicts—population will stabilize by 2050, but it will have passed overshoot levels
Montpellier 2012(Rolly, worked in public administration including senior executive management positions, September 21, "Overpopulation: Food Crisis And Future Hunger Wars", http://www.countercurrents.org/montpellier210912.htm)

A short video (The Seventh Billion) (The Economist) shows the evolution of
AND
up living in slums further compounding the food crisis.
OTEC is critical to develop sea colonies—critical to solve the impacts of overpopulation
Savage 92 (Marshall, Professor of English at USC. “The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps,” p. 33-34.)
The pulsing heart of Aquarius is an OTEC
AND
adventure in space we care to imagine.
OTEC key to solve food shortages – five reasons
Binger 4 (Al, Visiting Professor at Saga University Institute of Ocean Energy, Director of the University of West Indies Centre for Environment and Development, “Potential and Future Prospects for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) In Small Islands Developing States (SIDS),” United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
Food Security in SIDS and the Potential of OTEC)

In the majority of SIDS, particularly the
AND
available to import food supplies.
OTEC solves overfishing
Barry 8 (Christopher, Naval Architect and Co-Chair of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and CO2 Sequestration,” July 1, http://renewenergy.wordpress.com/2008/07/01/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion-and-co2-sequestration/)

There might be an additional benefit:
AND
sure he will find a good use for Sir Richard’s check.
Food shortages cause extinction
Cribb 2010(Julian, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy
of Technological Sciences and Engineering, “The Coming Famine: The
Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”, pg 10)

The character of human conflict has also
AND
synergetic character of the things that power it.
Sea colonies solve resource wars – prevents the fear of scarcity that causes lashout
Savage 94 (Marshall T., Founder of the First Millenial Foundation, a colonization advocacy group, “The Millenial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps”, p. 32-33  GAL)

In the process of vaulting between
AND
out of its present resource trap.  
Sea colonization independently solves all extinction threats
Savage 92 (Marshall, Professor of English at USC. “The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps,” p. 94-95.)

Every space colony is an ark.
AND
of Atlantis-to recolonize this planet.

Warming Advantage
It solves both power plants and vehicle emissions—key to reduce CO2
Magesh 10 (R., Coastal Energ Pvt, "OTEC TEchnology - A World of Clean Energy and Water," World Congress on Engineering, Vol II, June 30)

Scientists all over the world are making
AND
the sale of the desalinated water.
OTEC is key—it provides baseload power, has the capability to power the globe
Blue Rise 2012(BlueRise, technology proider in the Ocean Energy Market, "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion", http://www.bluerise.nl/technology/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
AND
is an attractive alternative form of energy.
It sequesters enough carbon to end climate change
Barry 8 (Christopher, Naval Architect and Co-Chair of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and CO2 Sequestration,” July 1, http://renewenergy.wordpress.com/2008/07/01/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion-and-co2-sequestration/)

However, deep cold water is laden with
AND
hundred MW plants might meet this.
Warming is real and anthropogenic—answers all their args
Prothero 2012(Donald, Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, March 1, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused", EBSCO)

How do we know that global warming is real
AND
cities would lie deep underwater.
Your alt causes don’t apply—scientifically proven to be real and anthropogenic
Prothero 2012(Donald, Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, March 1, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused", EBSCO)

Despite the overwhelming evidence there
AND
, breaking the previous record set in 2009.
Warming causes extinction
Sify 2010 – Sydney newspaper citing Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, professor at University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute, and John Bruno, associate professor of Marine Science at UNC; Sify News, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?”, http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html
The findings of the comprehensive report
AND
These findings were published in Science.
Independently, CO2 releases cause acidification
Messenger 2012(Stephen, Freelance Author specializing in environmental issues, January 22, "Study Links Rising Ocean Acidification to CO2 Emissions", http://www.treehugger.com/ocean-conservation/rising-ocean-acidification-linked-co2-emissions.html)jn

Earth's oceans may be an
AND
study's lead author, Tobias Friedrich.
Ocean acidification will cause extinction
Romm 2012 (Joe Romm, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, March 2, 2012, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/)
The world’s oceans may be
AND
and “remain for thousands of years.“

Plan: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration should reduce restrictions on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in the United States imposed by entities other than the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Solvency
Current patchwork of restrictions prevents commercial viability—removing it is key to solve
Griset 2010(Todd, J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, advises utilities going before state and federal regulating agencies, "Harnessing the Ocean's Power: Opportunities in Renewable Ocean Energy Resources", Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, Vol. 16:2)

Whether renewable ocean energy development will
AND
‘their cost-effective development.
Overlapping regulation of OTEC collapses the industry—both state and federal agencies can claim jurisdiction, preventing a viable industry from developing
Elefant 2002(Carolyn, Principle Attorney at LOCE, November 19, " Proposed Strategies for Addressing Regulatory Uncertainty in Ocean Energy Development in the United States ", http://www.energypulse.net/centers/article/article_display.cfm?a_id=79)

The foregoing events suggest that presently
AND
 investors from funding projects.
OTEC is feasible, economically viable, and recent advancements solve all problems
McCallister and McLaughlin 2012(Captain Michael, Senior Engineer with Sound and Sea Technology, Commander Steve, Critical Infrastructure Programs Manager at Sound and Sea Technology, January, "Renewable Energy from the Ocean", U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 138, Issue 1, EBSCO)

The well-known OTEC operating principles date
AND
reducing technical risks associated with commercialization.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Otec is sea solar power
Sea Solar Power No Date("What is Sea Solar Power?", http://www.seasolarpower.com/)

Sea Solar Power uses the basic technology
AND
simply, Ocean Thermal Energy (OTE).

Solar power is just the harnessing of energy from the sun
Free Online Dictionary(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/solar+power)

solar power - energy from the sun that is
AND
made of solar energy"

That’s the aff
NREL no date("What is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?", http://www.nrel.gov/otec/what.html)

OTEC, or ocean thermal energy conversion,
AND
life near the shore or on land.

OTEC is the extraction of solar energy from oceans
CRRC 2009(Coastal Response Research Center, a partnership between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration and the University of New Hampshire, November 3, "Technical Readiness of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion", http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/otec/docs/otectech1109.pdf)

The oceans are natural collectors of
AND
advantage of creating fresh water as a byproduct.

Key to real world policy education—OTEC was part of the original federal solar energy program
Cohen 1994(Robert, Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University, February, "Reflections on the status of federal ocean energy RandD in the United States", http://indra.com/~rcohotec/otecfunding-94.html)

The original federal solar energy program,
AND
the initial U.S. solar energy RandD program. 

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wayne State LM  | Judge: Matt Moore

Advantage One – Sea Colonies
Overpopulation is creating multiple ecological crises and creating food shortage conflicts—population will stabilize by 2050, but it will have passed overshoot levels
Montpellier 2012(Rolly, worked in public administration including senior executive management positions, September 21, "Overpopulation: Food Crisis And Future Hunger Wars", http://www.countercurrents.org/montpellier210912.htm)

A short video (The Seventh Billion) (The Economist) … up living in slums further compounding the food crisis.
OTEC is critical to develop sea colonies—critical to solve the impacts of overpopulation
Savage 92 (Marshall, Professor of English at USC. “The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps,” p. 33-34.)
The pulsing heart of Aquarius is an OTEC (… adventure in space we care to imagine.
OTEC key to solve food shortages – five reasons
Binger 4 (Al, Visiting Professor at Saga University Institute of Ocean Energy, Director of the University of West Indies Centre for Environment and Development, “Potential and Future Prospects for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) In Small Islands Developing States (SIDS),” United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
Food Security in SIDS and the Potential of OTEC)

In the majority of SIDS, particularly the smaller islands…available to import food supplies.
Food shortages cause extinction
Cribb 2010(Julian, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy
of Technological Sciences and Engineering, “The Coming Famine: The
Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”, pg 10)

The character of human conflict has also changed: … because of the synergetic character of the things that power it.
Sea colonies solve resource wars – prevents the fear of scarcity that causes lashout
Savage 94 (Marshall T., Founder of the First Millenial Foundation, a colonization advocacy group, “The Millenial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps”, p. 32-33  GAL)

In the process of vaulting between evolutionary … out of its present resource trap.  
Sea colonization independently makes nuclear war survivable
Savage 92 (Marshall, Professor of English at USC. “The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps,” p. 94-95.)

Every space colony is an ark. Aquarius …-to recolonize this planet.

Advantage Two
It solves both power plants and vehicle emissions—key to reduce CO2
Magesh 10 (R., Coastal Energ Pvt, "OTEC TEchnology - A World of Clean Energy and Water," World Congress on Engineering, Vol II, June 30)

Scientists all over the world are making … through the sale of the desalinated water.
OTEC is key—it provides baseload power, has the capability to power the globe
Blue Rise 2012(BlueRise, technology proider in the Ocean Energy Market, "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion", http://www.bluerise.nl/technology/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (…attractive alternative form of energy.
It sequesters enough carbon to end climate change
Barry 8 (Christopher, Naval Architect and Co-Chair of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and CO2 Sequestration,” July 1, http://renewenergy.wordpress.com/2008/07/01/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion-and-co2-sequestration/)

However, deep cold water is … MW plants might meet this.
Warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinction—answers all their args
Prothero 2012(Donald, Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, March 1, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused", EBSCO)

How do we know that global … cities would lie deep underwater.
Warming causes extinction
Sify 2010 – Sydney newspaper citing Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, professor at University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute, and John Bruno, associate professor of Marine Science at UNC; Sify News, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?”, http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html
The findings of the comprehensive report: 'The …. These findings were published in Science.
Independently, CO2 releases cause acidification
Messenger 2012(Stephen, Freelance Author specializing in environmental issues, January 22, "Study Links Rising Ocean Acidification to CO2 Emissions", http://www.treehugger.com/ocean-conservation/rising-ocean-acidification-linked-co2-emissions.html)jn

Earth's oceans may be an … lead author, Tobias Friedrich.
Ocean acidification will cause extinction
Romm 2012 (Joe Romm, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, March 2, 2012, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/)
The world’s oceans may be turning …” are poised to expand and “remain for thousands of years.“

Plan: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration should reduce restrictions on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in the United States imposed by entities other than the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Solvency
Current patchwork of restrictions prevents commercial viability—removing it is key to solve
Griset 2010(Todd, J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, advises utilities going before state and federal regulating agencies, "Harnessing the Ocean's Power: Opportunities in Renewable Ocean Energy Resources", Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, Vol. 16:2)

Whether renewable ocean energy … their cost-effective development.
Overlapping regulation of OTEC collapses the industry—both state and federal agencies can claim jurisdiction, preventing a viable industry from developing
Elefant 2002(Carolyn, Principle Attorney at LOCE, November 19, " Proposed Strategies for Addressing Regulatory Uncertainty in Ocean Energy Development in the United States ", http://www.energypulse.net/centers/article/article_display.cfm?a_id=79)

The foregoing events suggest that presently, … future private investors from funding projects.

OTEC is feasible, economically viable, and recent advancements solve all problems
McCallister and McLaughlin 2012(Captain Michael, Senior Engineer with Sound and Sea Technology, Commander Steve, Critical Infrastructure Programs Manager at Sound and Sea Technology, January, "Renewable Energy from the Ocean", U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 138, Issue 1, EBSCO)

The well-known OTEC operating … technical risks associated with commercialization.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wayne State LM  | Judge: Matt Moore
Bataille
Excess emerges on its own, there is no pre-set outlet, their war impacts are nonsense
Mansfield ’06
Nick Mansfield is Associate Professor in Critical and Cultural Studies at Macquarie University in Sydney.  “War and Its Other: Between Bataille and Derrida” Theory and Event 9:4, 2006 Muse nfb
 Yet, at the same time, … not the drive to do better than it.
    

To much abundance collapses the system, it causes ever-falling wages and forced subsistence, makes it impossible to enjoy excess
Steven Shaviro - teaches literature and film at Wayne State University - June 3rd, 2005 “Scarcity and Abundance”
http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=418 nfb
The irony behind Marx’s praise of …, the more the “supply problem” returns with a vengeance.

Perm – do both.

They enforce a notion of ballot scarcity where agreeing with them requires us to lose – we solve excess better
Steven Shaviro - teaches literature and film at Wayne State University - June 3rd, 2005 “Scarcity and Abundance”
http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=418 nfb
The basic premise of capitalism has …, that production and innovation are able to continue.
Bataille celebrates and glorifies war for war’s sake—his ideas are the foundation of fascism.
Wolin, 2006 (Richard, Distinguished Professor of History at the City University of New York Graduate Center, “Left Fascism: Georges Bataille and the German Ideology”Constellations vol. 2 issue 3, pp. 397-428)

In the worldview of both Bataille … and Jean-Luc Nancy (La Communaute desoeuvree; 1985).

Bataille’s reasoning justifies atrocities and death.
Boldt-Irons, 2000 (Leslie Anne, Associate Professor of French at Brock University, “Military discipline and revolutionary exaltation: the dismantling of “l’illusion lyrique” in Malraux’s L’Espoir and Bataille’s Le Bleu du Ciel,” Romantic Review, vol. 91 issue 4, p. 481)
In 1933, Bataille contributed a review of … might be the payment required.

2AC Case
Nuclear war leads to zombies
Rage – no date
(Jim, Zombie Survival Expert and Director of the Jim Rage Expert Zombie Hunting Society, http://www.jimrage.com/Stuff/Zombie%20letters.html)

Your own claims that … was shot down in the House 

Zombies turn the kritik
Rage – no date
(Jim, Zombie Survival Expert and Director of the Jim Rage Expert Zombie Hunting Society, http://www.jimrage.com/Stuff/Zombie%20letters.html)

A zombie is similar to a human … severing  the spinal cord.
Their biocentric approach makes the poor and oppressed fair game for outright extermination in the name of respect for “natural law”.
Bookchin 90 (Murray, Director Emeritus @ Institute for Social Ecology, “Remaking Society: Pathways to a Green Future”, p. 11-12  GAL)

The temptation to equate human … formula for human oppression, misery, and even extermination.
Biocentrism feeds reactionary tendencies and subjugates humanity to a higher “natural law”, producing oppressive hierarchy and causing immense suffering.
Bookchin 90 (Murray, Director Emeritus @ Institute for Social Ecology, “Remaking Society: Pathways to a Green Future”, p. 12-13 GAL)

Finally, ecological thinking is not … on them by social domination.

Lanza is really just wrong in his understanding of physics.  You can’t risk the world’s existence on this pseudoscientific half-theory.

Podolsky 9
Dmitry, PhD in theoretical physics from the Landau Institute, currently works as postdoc @ Case Western Reserve University and is an editor of NEQNET, “Biocentrism: Book Review”, http://www.nonequilibrium.net/biocentrism-book-review/

2. Dr. Lanza really misses several … Dr. Lanza is right.
Value to life can’t be measured, it’s an individual choice
Smith 97 (Nick, Vanderbilt University Department of Philosophy - Summer, 1997 45 Buffalo L. Rev. 503)
Value incommensurability theorists would understand Lukes to have made an evaluative error common to both Marxists and legal economists. Both Marxists and legal …then such a choice must be respected.
Deleuze’s vitalism is a metaphor, it describes theories of causation, not theories of physical existence.  Don’t confuse his metaphorical “life” with actual life.  Death is still real.

Lash 5
(Scott Lash is Director of the Centre for Cultural Studies at Goldsmiths College, London University, “Encyclopaedia - Life (vitalism)”, Research Architecture Roundtable, October 19, http://roundtable.kein.org/node/126)

This entry is about the concept of vitalism. …from humans to all sorts of matter.

They’ve got value to life backwards – life gets meaning from value, the aff’s act of struggle transcends suffering and death
Dr. Frankl    -   92     (Viktor, Prof. at Vienna Medical School, Aushwitz survivor – Man’s Search for Meaning)
The third aspect of the tragic triad concerns … that he or she may or may not retain in the present.  150-152

Acknowledging pervasive suffering but still being optimistic about change is the only way to make life meaningful – empty calls to “be happy” are useless without a cause
Frankl   -   92
LETUs FIRST ASK OURSELVES WHAT … the potential meaning inherent and dormant in a given situation.

 extinction is an atrocity – we have an obligation to spread life among the stars
Michael Huang – inventor of the anti-human-spaceflight robot - July 10, 2006 The Space Review “Destroy all humans!” online nfb
One of the most famous is Les U. Knight, founder … Earth life harms the progress of all life in the universe.
Preventing our impact is the highest ethical priority – we should take action to prevent the Other from dying FIRST, only THEN can we consider questions of value to life
Paul Wapner, associate professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University, Winter 2003, Dissent, online: http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/archives/2003/wi03/wapner.htm
All attempts to listen to nature are … compromise their fundamental moral commitment.
Preventing death is the first ethical priority – it’s the only impact you can’t recover from.
Zygmunt Bauman, University of Leeds Professor Emeritus of Sociology, 1995, Life In Fragments: Essays In Postmodern Morality, p. 66-71
The being for is like living towards the future… and sometimes even of being good, in the present.
The medical community disagrees with Lanza, death is marked by the cessation of electrical activity in the brain.  The “energy” is gone.

Encyclopedia of Death and Dying – No Date
(“Brain Death”, http://www.deathreference.com/Bl-Ce/Brain-Death.html)

The term brain death is defined as "… almost universally accepted.  
The affirmative gives meaning and purpose to life.   Death and suffering are unavoidable consequences of living.  Finding a value and purpose in a life filled with tragedy is more important cause its all we really have that matters
Dr. Frankl, 92 (Dr. Viktor, Prof. at Vienna Medical School, Aushwitz survivor – Man’s Search for Meaning)
There are situations in which one is cut …ultimately would not be worth living at all."  
Fear of Death
 (  )  Collective fear of death is key to check genocide and extinction
Louis Rene Beres, PhD Princeton, 1996, “No Fear, No Trembling Israel, Death and the Meaning of Anxiety,” www.freeman.org/m_online/feb96/beresn.htm
Fear of death, the ultimate source of anxiety, … rendezvous with extinction.
Analyzing threats of mass death is vital to forging solutions that can prevent extinction. Education about international law in the college setting is key.
Louis Rene Beres, professor of international law at Purdue University. Journal and Courier (Lafayette, IN). June 5, 2003. “Anarchy and international law on an endangered planet.” Lexis.
What shall we do? For a start, we must … shadowy legion of gravediggers would wield the forceps.
Conveying images of war instead of suppressing them is essential to value to life.
Gregory Paschalidis, of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Put online in: 1997. “Images of War and the War of Images.” http://genesis.ee.auth.gr/dimakis/Gramma/7/06-paschalidis.htm
The choice, then, of the whole of the … former, however, without having first prevailed in the latter.

 (  )  Imagining nuclear death is a project of survival – their alternative promotes life-denying repression and denial
Millicent Lenz, Assis. Prof Science and Policy @ SUNY, 1990, Nuclear Age Literature for Youth, p. 9-10
A summary of Frank’s thought in “Psychological … repressed fear, moreover, takes a psychic toll. 

(  )  Death imagery affirms life
Michael Allen Fox, Assoc. Prof Phil. @ Queens, 1985, “Nuclear War: Philosophical Perspectives,” ed. Fox and Groarke, p. 127
There remains but one choice: we must … on behalf of that wondrous and fragile entity

• • • 1AR * 

Case

Nuclear War will create an unstoppable zombie army

Rage – no date
(Jim, Zombie Survival Expert and Director of the Jim Rage Expert Zombie Hunting Society, http://www.jimrage.com/Stuff/Zombie%20letters.html)

Is the nuclear war coming … far outnumber the  living. They would be virtually unstoppable. 

Zombies turn the kritik –
A) nuclear war doesn’t end life – rather, it traps life within the confines of the body
B) It is net worse for value to life than the status quo - eliminates the capacity for thought that makes life valuable. 

Their arg is that there is a false diad between life and death. Zombies prove absent that distinction there is a terrible world of life-centric suffering where life cannot escape the body but is incapable of thought. 

Value to life debate

The affirmative gives meaning and purpose to life.   Death and suffering are unavoidable consequences of living.  Finding a value and purpose in a life filled with tragedy is more important cause its all we really have that matters
Dr. Frankl, 92 (Dr. Viktor, Prof. at Vienna Medical School, Aushwitz survivor – Man’s Search for Meaning)
There are situations in which … would not be worth living at all."  

Lanza debate

Lanza fails science—he ignores general relativity, which disproves his entire theory, his entire understanding of quantum mechanics ignores the last century of discoveries—quantum field theory disproves Lanza’s understandings of relativity, decoherence wavefunction happens both on micro and macroscales, proving that objects actually do exist, and that quantum measurement has nothing to do with conscience, disproving his linkage to how conscience works. Finally, it is impossible to scientifically test his argument, meaning you shouldn’t risk it by pulling the trigger—there is the chance they are wrong—that’s ALL our Podolsky evidence.

Their Fitzpatrickevidence doesn’t answer – just says 20 people say near death experiences – no scientific proof – doesn’t disprove our ev

Real physicists disagree with Lanza.  His theory is full of contradictions and cannot explain anything outside of individual perception.

Lindley 7
[David, theoretical physicist and author, has worked at Cambridge University and the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, “Exclusive: Response to Robert Lanza’s Essay”, http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2007-03-09-lanza-response_N.htm]

"Although Robert Lanza claims to …, we are no more significant than mold on a shower curtain."

The medical community disagrees with Lanza, death is marked by the cessation of electrical activity in the brain.  The “energy” is gone.

Encyclopedia of Death and Dying – No Date
(“Brain Death”, http://www.deathreference.com/Bl-Ce/Brain-Death.html)

The term brain death is defined as "… is almost universally accepted.  

Tournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wyo BM | Judge: Zendeh

Plan

The United States Department of Navy should provide grants for the construction of open cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion plants in the territorial waters of Guam.

Solvency
The Navy’s energy allocation is too focused on the near term—increased funding critical to OTEC development
Snider 11 (Annie, Greenwire and NYT Staff Writer, February 7, "Big Ambitions, Tiny Budget for Navy's Alternative Energy Researchers", http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2011/02/07/07greenwire-big-ambitions-tiny-budget-for-navys-alternativ-32704.html)

The Navy Research Laboratory's alternative
AND
the ocean's sediment and developing miniature fuel cells to power unmanned vehicles in the air and underwater.
OTEC is feasible, economically viable, and recent advancements solve all problems
McCallister and McLaughlin 2012(Captain Michael, Senior Engineer with Sound and Sea Technology, Commander Steve, Critical Infrastructure Programs Manager at Sound and Sea Technology, January, "Renewable Energy from the Ocean", U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 138, Issue 1, EBSCO)

The well-known OTEC operating principles date to the original
AND
 technical risks associated with commercialization.

Coral Reefs
Natural upwelling patterns are being disrupted by rising surface water temperatures—this destroys reef resiliency
Goreau and Hayes 2008(Thomas, of the Global Coral Reef Alliance at Cambridge, and Raymond, Howard University, “Effects of Rising Seawater Temperature on Coral Reefs”)

Ocean warming and the contributions
AND
and water quality deteriorates following storm exposure.
Reef resiliency is key to prevent total collapse
CORIS 2009(NOAA Coral Reef Information System, "Overall Assessment of the Condition and Health of Guam's Coral Reefs", http://coris.noaa.gov/about/eco_essays/guam/assessment.html)

Although significant progress has been made in recent years,
AND
 and could result in island-wide water shortages.

OTEC is key to prevent collapse
Binger 4 (Al, Visiting Professor at Saga University Institute of Ocean Energy, Director of the University of West Indies Centre for Environment and Development, “Potential and Future Prospects for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) In Small Islands Developing States (SIDS),” United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)

The BPOA pointed out that the sustainable development of SIDS,
AND
SIDS an option that is now not available. 

Coral reef destruction destroys ocean biodiversity, causes warming
Hopenstand 2 Danfa, from the University of Wisconsin law school Wisconsin Environmental Law Journal, “Global Warming and its Impact on Near-Shore Communities: Protection Regimes for Fish and Coastal People Affected by Coral Reef Damage,” Spring, p. 90-930

Global warming threatens the viability of
AND
 measures to prevent further global warming and the loss of marine biodiversity.

Ocean biodiversity collapse causes extinction
Craig 3, Associate Prof Law, Indiana U School Law -- McGeorge Law Review, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155 Lexis
Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems
AND
we kill ourselves, and we will take most of the biosphere with us.

Healthy Coral Reefs are key to Guam’s economy
CORIS 2009 (NOAA Coral Reef Information System, Last date cited, "Natural Anthropogenic Stressors on the Coral Reefs of Guam", http://coris.noaa.gov/about/eco_essays/guam/stressors.html)

Healthy coral reefs support thriving tourism
AND
sea fans, mollusk shells, etc. for decorations and souvenirs. 

Guam economy key to East Asian Security and Trade
Calvo 2011 (Eddie, Governor of Guam, September 27, “Governor's Weekly Address: A Case for Guam's Economic as Well as Strategic Importance,”)

An Open Message to Members of Congress To Support the Agreed
 AND
yet to be born. Thank you and God bless the United States of America.

The impact is global nuclear war
Panzner 8 (Michael, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse”, Revised and Updated Edition, p. 136-138, googlebooks)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and
AND
between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war. 

Advantage two: Guam shift
U.S. military shift will overload Guam’s water and electricity capacity—prevents successful shift
Brown 2011(Adam, Guam Buildup News.com, February 25, "Guam's Aging Infrastructure Needs Unprecedented Growing Spurt For Buildup", http://guambuildupnews.com/Buildup-News-Politics/Guams-Aging-Infrastructure-Needs-Unprecedented-Growing-Spurt-for-Buildup.html)

GUAM – By the time the 8,500 Marines arrive with their
AND
power shortfall of as much as 100 megawatts.

OTEC is key to resolve Guam crisis—solves water and energy
Matthews 2009(William, Defense News Staff, June 1, "U.S. Plans Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plants", http://edelalon.com/blog/2009/06/electricity-from-the-sea/)

Heat from the tropical sun warms the ocean
AND
 planes – and has a plethora of industrial purposes.
Energy diversification on Guam is critical to the US military buildup
Peterson 2011 (Chris, "Guam Power Authority", 2011. www.energyandinfrastructure.com/index.php/featured-content/307-guam-power-authority-gpa)

Diversification of its energy sources will become
AND
using more than 350 million kilowatt-hours each year.

Guam is key to effective power projection
Caryl 2007 (Christian, Newsweek Intl. "America's Unsinkable Fleet," http://realty671.com/articles/America%27s%20Unsinkable%20Fleet%20-%20NEWSWEEK%20INTERNATIONAL%20022607.pdf, AD: 9/13/10)

So why all the fuss over a tropical island just 30 miles long, known
AND
 50 percent of the world's oil passes each year.  

U.S. heg key to promote peace and prevent power wars
Zhang and Shi 2011(Yuhan, researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and Lin, Columbia University, consultant for the Eurasia Group and World Bank, January 22, "America's Decline: A Harbinger of Conflict and Rivalry", http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/)jn

Over the past two decades, no other state has had the ability to
AND
 we can forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Guam deterrence solves East Asian War
Kamiya 2012   (Matake Kamiya is Professor of International Relations at the National Defense Academy of Japan. He was a main author of the report Strategic Implications of an Ongoing Buildup of the US Bases in Guam for Japan, which the Research Institute for Peace and Security published in 2007, 6/20/12, “The Relocation of US Marines from Okinawa to Guam: Strategic Implications for Japan”, http://www.asianz.org.nz/our-work/track-2/opinions-essays/matake-kamiya  Veevz)

How should we assess the impact of the
AND
 people's support of the alliance with the United States.

Independently, Guam is key to the Asia-Pacific strategy
Halloran 2011 (Richard, New York Times Foreign Correspondent, “Pacific Push”, January, http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2011/January%202011/0111pacific.aspx)

A force buildup on Guam anchors a broad US
AND
 skepticism that the schedule will be maintained.)

That’s key to prevent a regional arms race, war over Taiwan, and seizure of shipping lanes and the Strait of Malacca
Spinetta 2006(Major Lawrence, “The Malacca Dilemma-Countering China’s String of Pearls with Land Based Air Power”, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=pdfandAD=ADA476931)

With regard to Japan, China has made repeated
AND
the peace in East Asia, it will probably act prudently.”55

Causes great power war in the short term – Interdependence doesn’t check
Medcalf and Heinrichs 2011 Rory Medcalf, Director of the International Security Programme at the Lowy Institute, Sydney. Raoul Heinrichs,  Sir Arthur Tange Scholar at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, and editor of the Lowy Institute Strategic Snapshot series, June 27, 2011, “Asia’s Maritime Confidence Crisis,” online: http://the-diplomat.com/2011/06/27/asia%E2%80%99s-maritime-confidence-crisis/?print=yes

To the casual observer, recent security tensions in Asian
AND
with dangerous implications for regional peace and stability.

Collapse of Asian trade from Malacca causes nuclear war
Auslin 2009 (Michael, resident scholar at AEI, http://edelalon.com/blog/2009/06/electricity-from-the-sea)

AS THEY DEAL WITH a collapsing world economy,
AND
and greed that have destroyed international systems in the past.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1AC

Plan: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration should substantially reduce restrictions on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in the United States imposed by entities other than the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Solvency
Current patchwork of zoning restrictions prevents commercial viability—removing it is key to solve
Griset 2010(Todd, J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, advises utilities going before state and federal regulating agencies, "Harnessing the Ocean's Power: Opportunities in Renewable Ocean Energy Resources", Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, Vol. 16:2)

Whether renewable ocean energy development will occur in U.S. waters on a
AND
promoting regulatory certainty would do much to promote their cost-effective development.
Overlapping regulation of OTEC collapses the industry—both state and federal agencies can claim jurisdiction, preventing a viable industry from developing
Elefant 2002(Carolyn, Principle Attorney at LOCE, November 19, " Proposed Strategies for Addressing Regulatory Uncertainty in Ocean Energy Development in the United States ", http://www.energypulse.net/centers/article/article_display.cfm?a_id=79)

The foregoing events suggest that presently, there is sufficient confidence in the functionality of
AND
costs. Such unpredictability may also deter future private investors from funding projects.

OTEC is feasible, economically viable, and recent advancements solve all problems
McCallister and McLaughlin 2012(Captain Michael, Senior Engineer with Sound and Sea Technology, Commander Steve, Critical Infrastructure Programs Manager at Sound and Sea Technology, January, "Renewable Energy from the Ocean", U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 138, Issue 1, EBSCO)

The well-known OTEC operating principles date to the original concept proposed by Jacques
AND
of OTEC, with the goal of reducing technical risks associated with commercialization.
New tech makes OTEC cost competitive
Ferris 2012(David, Forbes Staff, March 31, "Market for Deep Ocean Energy Heats Up", http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidferris/2012/03/31/market-for-deep-ocean-energy-starts-to-heat-up/)

Scientists have entertained the idea of OTEC since the 19th Century and Lockheed Martin created
AND
industry. Meanwhile, creating electricity on remote islands is expensive as ever.
Total release of CO2 is 1% of fossil fuels
Dubois Klein and Villemure 2008(Shawn, Kerry, and Marlene, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of Montreal, March 1, "Viability of renewable technologies from marine", EBSCO)

OTEC plants incur minor environmental impacts compared to traditional power plants (Pelc and Fujita
AND
fuel oil plant (700 grams/kWh, from Vega, 2003).

Advantage One – Warming
OTEC solves both power plants and vehicle emissions—key to reduce CO2
Magesh 10 (R., Coastal Energ Pvt, "OTEC TEchnology - A World of Clean Energy and Water," World Congress on Engineering, Vol II, June 30)

Scientists all over the world are making predictions about the ill effects of Global warming
AND
, it would offset its expense through the sale of the desalinated water.
OTEC is key—it provides baseload power, has the capability to power the globe
Blue Rise 2012(BlueRise, technology proider in the Ocean Energy Market, "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion", http://www.bluerise.nl/technology/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology that harnesses
AND
and environmentally clean operation, OTEC is an attractive alternative form of energy.
It sequesters enough carbon to end climate change
Barry 8 (Christopher, Naval Architect and Co-Chair of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and CO2 Sequestration,” July 1, http://renewenergy.wordpress.com/2008/07/01/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion-and-co2-sequestration/)

However, deep cold water is laden with nutrients. In the tropics, the
AND
aggressive OTEC program, hundreds of several hundred MW plants might meet this.
Warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinction—answers all their args
Prothero 2012(Donald, Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, March 1, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused", EBSCO)

How do we know that global warming is real and primarily human caused? There
AND
pinnacles, but the rest of these drowned cities would lie deep underwater.
Warming causes extinction
Sify 2010 – Sydney newspaper citing Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, professor at University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute, and John Bruno, associate professor of Marine Science at UNC; Sify News, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?”, http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html
The findings of the comprehensive report: 'The impact of climate change on the world's
AND
, according to a GCI release. These findings were published in Science.
Independently, CO2 releases cause acidification
Messenger 2012(Stephen, Freelance Author specializing in environmental issues, January 22, "Study Links Rising Ocean Acidification to CO2 Emissions", http://www.treehugger.com/ocean-conservation/rising-ocean-acidification-linked-co2-emissions.html)jn

Earth's oceans may be an inconceivably vast ecosystem home to countless species yet unknown to
AND
pre-industrial times," says the study's lead author, Tobias Friedrich.
Ocean acidification will cause extinction
Romm 2012 (Joe Romm, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, March 2, 2012, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/)
The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions than they
AND
seafood” are poised to expand and “remain for thousands of years.“

Advantage Two – Sea Colonies
Overpopulation is creating multiple ecological crises and creating food shortage conflicts—population will stabilize by 2050, but it will have passed overshoot levels
Montpellier 2012(Rolly, worked in public administration including senior executive management positions, September 21, "Overpopulation: Food Crisis And Future Hunger Wars", http://www.countercurrents.org/montpellier210912.htm)

A short video (The Seventh Billion) (The Economist) shows the evolution
AND
proper accommodation and end up living in slums further compounding the food crisis.
OTEC is critical to develop sea colonies—critical to solve the impacts of overpopulation
Savage 92 (Marshall, Professor of English at USC. “The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps,” p. 33-34.)
The pulsing heart of Aquarius is an OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Converter). The
AND
-large enough to underwrite any adventure in space we care to imagine.
OTEC key to solve food shortages – multiple warrants
Binger 4 (Al, Visiting Professor at Saga University Institute of Ocean Energy, Director of the University of West Indies Centre for Environment and Development, “Potential and Future Prospects for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) In Small Islands Developing States (SIDS),” United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
Food Security in SIDS and the Potential of OTEC)

In the majority of SIDS, particularly the smaller islands, the limited availability of
AND
thereby significantly increasing the availability of foreign exchange available to import food supplies.
Food shortages cause extinction
Cribb 2010(Julian, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy
of Technological Sciences and Engineering, “The Coming Famine: The
Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”, pg 10)

The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990S, more
AND
changes, because of the synergetic character of the things that power it.

Sea colonization independently solves all extinction threats
Savage 92 (Marshall, Professor of English at USC. “The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps,” p. 94-95.)

Every space colony is an ark. Aquarius will serve not only as the jumping
AND
-just as in the legends of Atlantis-to recolonize this planet.

Sea colonies key to space colonies.
Savage 94 (Marshall T., Founder of the First Millenial Foundation, a colonization advocacy group, “The Millenial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps”, p. 23-24  GAL)

It is our destiny to colonize space. Eventually we will spread our civilization among
AND
us into space, and enough raw financial power to pay the fare.
Space key to prevent extinction—isolation means impacts would be contained to the earth
Baum 2009(Seth, Department of Geography@Pennsylvania State University “Cost-Benefit Analysis of Space Exploration: Some Ethical Considerations”, http://sethbaum.com/ac/2009_CBA-SpaceExploration.pdf, accessed 7/11/10)jn

Another non-market benefit of space exploration is reduction in the risk of the
AND
-effective means of increasing the probability of long-term human survival.  

Sea colonies solve resource wars – prevents the fear of scarcity that causes lashout
Savage 94 (Marshall T., Founder of the First Millenial Foundation, a colonization advocacy group, “The Millenial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps”, p. 32-33  GAL)

In the process of vaulting between evolutionary planes, the Aquarian sea colonies will shatter
AND
cybergenic pathway, Life can evolve itself out of its present resource trap.  

Resource tension causes nuclear conflict with Russia and China –extinction
Henderson 7 (Bill, Besline Research CEO/President/consultant _{“Climate Change, Peak Oil, and Nuclear War,” Countercurrents,  February 24, http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson240207.htm)
Damocles had one life threatening sword hanging by a thread over his head. We
AND
lead to extinction for humanity and much of what we now recognize as nature
Global water scarcity’s inevitable – causes war and kills billions
Nitish Priyadarshi 12, lecturer in the department of environment and water management at Ranchi University in India, “War for water is not a far cry”, June 16, http://www.cleangangaportal.org/node/44}

The battles of yesterday were fought over land. Those of today are over energy
AND
 Tunisia: 2.1 million  Cuba :1.3 million

Those wars go global
Reilly ‘2 (Kristie, Editor for In These Times, a nonprofit, independent, national magazine published in Chicago. We’ve been around since 1976, fighting for corporate accountability and progressive government. In other words, a better world, “NOT A DROP TO DRINK,” http://www.inthesetimes.com/issue/26/25/culture1.shtml)
*Cites environmental thinker and activist Vandana Shiva Maude Barlow and Tony Clarke—probably North America’s foremost water experts

The two books provide a chilling, in-depth examination of a rapidly emerging
AND
planet decreases, today’s low-level conflicts can only increase in intensity.

OTEC key to solve water wars
Michaelis 2008(Dominic, Alex Michaelis, and Trevor COoper-Chadwick, The Daily Telegraph Staff, January 8, "Could sea power solve the energy crisis? As Gordon Brown steers Britain towards a nuclear future, Dominic Michaelis, Alex Michaelis and Trevor Cooper-Chadwick suggest we turn to the oceans instead", Lexis)

It may sound like science fiction, but Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
AND
. Using electrolysis, it would also be possible to produce hydrogen fuel.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Georgetown | Judge:
Federalism Addon
Iraq federalism leads to civil war
Common Dreams News Center, 2004(March 9, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0309-09.htm)

BAGHDAD - Shi'ite leaders warned on Tuesday that Iraq's new constitution could cause problems in
AND
could cause a civil war in Iraq," he said in a statement.
Causes ME war—it escalates
Ferguson 6 Niall, September/October, “The Next War of the World,” Foreign Affairs, Niall Ferguson, MA, D.Phil., is the Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University and William Ziegler Professor at Harvard Business School. http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20060901faessay85506/niall-ferguson/the-next-war-of-the-world.html

What makes the escalating civil war in Iraq so disturbing is that it has the
AND
not on Poland or Manchuria, but more likely on Palestine and Mesopotamia.    
Russia models US policies
Lynn and Novikov 1997(Nicholas J., lecturer at U Edinburgh, and Alexei V., project manager at the Instutute for Urban Economics, 3-22-97 ("Refederalizing Russia: Debates on the Idea of Federalism in Russia", Publius, p. Lexis)

One of the most important political debates in Russia since 1990 has been over the
AND
who proposed abolishing all the republics and national-formations in1991.(18)
Russian disintegration from a lack of central control would result in nuclear war and collapses econ
David 1999(Steven R., professor of political science at Johns Hopkins, "Saving America from the Coming Civil Wars", Foreign Affairs, p. Lexis)

Divining the military's allegiance is crucial, however, since the structure of the Russian
AND
this threat more than the chaos that would follow a Russian civil war.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T – Solar
Otec is sea solar power
Sea Solar Power No Date("What is Sea Solar Power?", http://www.seasolarpower.com/)

Sea Solar Power uses the basic technology known as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) or more simply, Ocean Thermal Energy (OTE).
Solar power is just the harnessing of energy from the sun
Free Online Dictionary(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/solar+power)

solar power - energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy; "the amount of energy falling on the earth is given by the solar constant, but very little use has been made of solar energy"
That’s the aff
NREL no date("What is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?", http://www.nrel.gov/otec/what.html)

OTEC, or ocean thermal energy conversion, is an energy technology that converts solar
AND
culture both marine organisms and plant life near the shore or on land.
Prefer this—National renewable energy lab is the governmental authority on renewable energy policymaking
OTEC is the extraction of solar energy from oceans
CRRC 2009(Coastal Response Research Center, a partnership between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration and the University of New Hampshire, November 3, "Technical Readiness of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion", http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/otec/docs/otectech1109.pdf)

The oceans are natural collectors of solar energy and absorb billions of watts of energy
AND
cycle process has the added advantage of creating fresh water as a byproduct.
They overlimit—excluding OTEC would mean only He3 nuclear affs are topical—all other forms of nuclear use the heat generated to power turbines, which is what OTEC uses solar energy for—this also means no oil, coal, or natural gas affs are topical—this limits affs to 3 technologies
They overlimit—OTEC uses solar energy to generate steam and power a turbine—that is the same process that nuclear reactors, coal fired power plants, natural gas, and oil use to generate electricity--
The topic says solar, not photovoltaics—means you prefer our interpretation
Doesn’t underlimit—it only adds OTEC and passive CSP; there is no external chemical or physical process to production of OTEC, which excludes tech like biomass
Key to real world policy education—OTEC was part of the original federal solar energy program
Cohen 1994(Robert, Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University, February, "Reflections on the status of federal ocean energy RandD in the United States", http://indra.com/~rcohotec/otecfunding-94.html)

The original federal solar energy program, including OTEC, resulted from a 1972 NSF
AND
on the initial U.S. solar energy RandD program.
This also proves that OTEC is in the policy literature for solar energy—federal policy considers OTEC solar energy
Key to aff innovation—the topic has already devolved into the SMR topic, this innovation is key to expanding topic

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Georgetown | Judge:
Restrictions
A restri ction is a regulatory constraint
Farlex, ’12 (Farlex collection, Princeton University, 2012, WordNet 3.0, Print)CC
restriction - an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation)
In the context of OTEC, these regulatory barriers are restrictions – patent law
Shapiro et all 12 Patent application title: Industrial Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Processes¶ Inventors: Laurence Jay Shapiro (Fair Lawn, NJ, US) Barry R. Cole (Mineral, VA, US) Jonathan M. Ross (Arnold, MD, US), Russ Krull (Centreville, VA, US), ¶ Assignees: The Abell Foundation, Inc., ¶ IPC8 Class: AF03G704FI, ¶ USPC Class: 606417, ¶ Class name: Utilizing natural heat with natural temperature differential ocean thermal energy conversion (otec), ¶ Publication date: 2012-03-29, ¶ Patent application number: 20120073291, ¶ Patent Docs 

Embodiments have been described wherein a portion of the cold water from an OTEC system
AND
thereby eliminating the formation of a thermal plume and greatly reducing thermal pollution. 

their interpretation would mean no topical affs for a shitload of other energy – the only requirements for oil and fossil fuels are the leasing requirements which are also a question of regulation because there is no cap and it’s legal.
Institute for Energy Research in 12 (Fossil fuel production on federal lands at 9 year low; http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2012/03/15/fossil-fuel-production-on-federal-lands-at-9-year-low/)

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) just released its report, Sales of Fossil
AND
the Obama Administration leased any federal land offshore to oil and gas drilling.

Net benefits

1. Aff innovation – Their interpretation disincentivizes nuanced use of topic restriction literature to support narrow definitions – those skills outweigh limits
   Stockton College 82 Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Mission Statement, http://intraweb.stockton.edu/eyos/page.cfm?siteID=124andpageID=36
   At Stockton we seek to help our students develop the capacity for continuous learning and
   AND
   resources, and respond by a prudent and flexible allocation of those resources.
   2. Arbitrariness – their interpretation has no conceptual basis – impact is rational decision-making
   Martin Borowski (Faculty at Birmingham Law School, Vice-President of the British Section of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy) 2003 “Religious Freedom as a Fundamental Human Right, a Rawlsian Perspective” in Pluralism and Law, Conference Proceedings” p. 58
   Despite the problems that arise In distinguishing restrictions and regulations, noted above, one
   AND
   has to be justified. The distinction between restrictions and regulations is expendable.

Limits explosion inevitable – restrictions are broader than regulations
Bernard Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis (World Bank Development Research Group) October 2002 “Economic Development, Competition Policy, and the World Trade Organization” http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/11/22/000094946_02111404425138/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf
Under the "effects" doctrine (or subjective territoriality), countries may take action
AND
A legislative (rule making) initiative could usefully clarify this gray area.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Warming
An Ice Age will not result in extinction – US has enough resources to survive – gender modified
Zbigniew Jaworowski, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. Chairman of the Scientific Council of the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection in Warsaw ,Winter 2004, “Solar Cycles, Not CO2, Determine Climate,” 21st Century Science and Technology, http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/Articles%202004/Winter2003-4/global_warming.pdf
Also, it does not seem possible that we will ever gain influence over the
AND
restore a warm climate for ourselves and for everything that lives on Earth. 

Global warming will cause another ice age – gender modified
Phil for Humanity, 2007 “Global Warming: Mankind’s Greatest Threat,” http://www.philforhumanity.com/Global_Warming.html
Eventually, global warming will melt enough of the polar ice to modify the world's
AND
age. This may even cause the extinction of humankind. 

Global warming will lead to an ice age
Dr. J.C. Corunna, 6-27-2008, “Next ice age could be closing in”, Sarnia Observor, lexis
Intense global warming has increased temperatures in the Gulf Stream and increased heat transfer into
AND
next ice age. It could begin in five years; maybe less.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP
State regulation is uniquely volatile
Griset 2010(Todd, J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, advises utilities going before state and federal regulating agencies, "Harnessing the Ocean's Power: Opportunities in Renewable Ocean Energy Resources", Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, Vol. 16:2)

In addition to this complex web of federal regulation, states retain considerable authority regarding
AND
layers of federal regulation described above, adding another layer of regulatory complexity.
No impact to endocrine disruptors – studies proving the impact couldn’t be replicated
Donella H. Meadows, director of the Sustainability Institute and an adjunct professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College, April 29, 1999, online: http://www.pcdf.org/meadows/carbonsink.html, accessed February 26, 2006

Along came new science about chemicals that act like hormones and disrupt the development of
AND
failing to publish a retraction, not for publishing one. That's science.

(  ) Counterplans should compete with the text of the plan, and not normal means, the plan’s effects, functions or certainty, or a cross-x answer. 

(  ) Text comp is good:
a) Topic education – text comp deters infinite regression to the worst counterplans which short-circuit clash with the aff and never involve topic-research. That kills the two most important benefits of debate.
b) Neg ground – they get CPs that compete with the plan text, all the built-in topic CPs, and the net-benefit as a disad.
c) Perms – scrabble perms aren’t net-beneficial and never actually happen

(  ) Voter because it proves the CP is illegit and not competitive

Agency preemption is the critical battleground for global issues of federalism
Young 2008(Earnest, Professor of Law at Duke Law School, "Executive Preemption", Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 102, No. 2, p869)

Preemption of state regulatory authority by national law is the central federalism issue of our
AND
Agency action thus evades both the political and the procedural safeguards of federalism.
Preempting state regulations is critical to environmental protection and the economy
Donze 2000(Patricia, NYU Law, "LEGISLATING COMITY: CAN CONGRESS ENFORCE FEDERALISM CONSTRAINTS THROUGH RESTRICTIONS ON PREEMPTION DOCTRINE?", http://www.law.nyu.edu/ecm_dlv/groups/public/@nyu_law_website__journals__journal_of_legislation_and_public_policy/documents/documents/ecm_pro_060641.pdf)

Although it is surprising that these federalism bills went as far as they did in
AND
legislation is strong, the question as to its wisdom must be addressed.
Extinction
Diner 1994 David, Major in US Army, Winter, “THE ARMY AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT: WHO'S ENDANGERING WHOM?” Lexis

Biologically diverse ecosystems are characterized by a large number of specialist species, filling narrow
AND
with all its dimly perceived and intertwined affects, could cause total ecosystem collapse 

and human extinction. Each new extinction increases the risk of disaster. Like a mechanic removing, one by one, the rivets from an aircraft's wings, 80 mankind may be edging closer to the abyss.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CIR
(     ) Not unique – Obama just announce $2billion spending for clean energy research
Renewable Energy World 3-15-13 (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/03/obama-to-press-congress-on-2-billion-clean-energy-research-fund)

President Barack Obama is pressing Congress to create a $2 billion clean-energy
AND
would increase production and boost receipts from royalties, lease sales and bonus bids
(      ) Skilled workers on H1 visas won’t go into the companies they’re talking about – not attractive and have to get security clearances
RedOrbit 8 (“Aerospace Industry Faces Coming Worker Shortage,” March 4, http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1281235/aerospace_industry_faces_coming_worker_shortage/) JM
U.S. universities awarded 196,797 undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering
AND
"The talent is going to have to be homegrown," said Blakey.
Obama will XO immigration reforms – solves all the DA impact
Lillis 2-16 – Mike Lillis, February 16th, 2013, "Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform" thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform

President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event
AND
talented in, but there's also a labor flow issue," he said.
Timeframe is huge – more than a decade
Navarrette 2-19 – Ruben Navarrette, CNN Contributor, February 19th, 2013, "Guest worker issue may kill immigration reform" www.cnn.com/2013/02/19/opinion/navarrette-immigration-reform/index.html

How long? The undocumented could immediately apply for a special protective status to avoid deportation, but it would take them about eight years to get legal permanent residency (a green card) and another four or five years to become a U.S. citizen.
 (      ) No Link – Plan is a federal court action – no reason the president would be involved or get the credit or blame for it
No spillover
Judson Berger 3-4, 2013, “Recurring budget crises could put squeeze on Obama's second-term priorities,” Fox News, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/04/recurring-budget-crises-could-put-squeeze-on-obama-second-term-priorities/#ixzz2OknXmt3G

Rep. Luis Gutierrez, D-Ill., a vocal advocate for immigration reform
AND
.C., who both are part of a bipartisan group crafting legislation.
 (     ) No Link – Obama has ceded immigration reform to Congress
AP 3-27-13 (Immigration bill could pass by summer. LN)

While overhauling the nation's patchwork immigration laws is a top second term priority for the
AND
" the legislation. "This is a resolvable issue," he said.
(      ) Turn: Won’t pass now – Obama has lost his juice and can’t get it done
Mediaite 3-19-13 (Spiraling Job Approval Ratings Complicate Negotiations With Congressional Republicans. LN)

RELATED: Obama's Approval Ratings Mirror American Support For Gun Control, According To New
AND
of a comprehensive immigration reform plan or stricter gun laws was consumed in rolli

ng battles with Congress over the sequester and the debt ceiling between December and February. Obama is now reduced to negotiating with the dismally unpopular members of Congress on relatively equal footing. This is not a place a president entering his second term would prefer to be.
 (      ) More evidence - The plan would give Obama a win he needs to get his immigration agenda – no other mechanism can build the kind of juice he needs to get it done
Hirsch 2-7-12 (Michael. Chief correspondent for National Journal. http://www.nationaljournal.com/reporters/bio/42)

Meanwhile, the Republican members of the Senate’s so-called Gang of Eight are
AND
change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect.”
(   x   ) Too far off – won’t even be a bill to consider until the summer
Felsenhall 3-25-13 (Mark. Staff writer. Chicago Tribune. Obama presses Congress to act quickly on immigration reform. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/sns-rt-us-usa-immigration-obamabre92o0ot-20130325,0,664450.story)

Lawmakers are trying to produce a bill by next month. A Senate vote could
AND
to work up the political courage to do what's required to be done."
(      ) There are 3 separate versions of the legislation and we have no idea which one will get a vote
China Daily  3-26-13 (Obama pushes immigration overhaul. LN)

Bipartisan groups in both the House and Senate are moving closer to finalize their separate
AND
for the group' s plan, calling it "a pretty responsible solution.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Georgetown | Judge:
Scenario Planning
They’re wrong about scenario planning, it helps decision makers question assumptions and adapt to changing circumstances.  Education about scenario planning promotes reflection and critical thinking.

Lankshear 13
(Colin,  Adjunct Professor at James Cook University, Mount St Vincent University and McGill University, “The “New Literacy Studies” and the Study of “New” Literacies” in , New Literacies, Changing Knowledge and the Classroom, uob-community.ballarat.edu.au/clankshear/New_Literacies.doc)

 Scenario planning has emerged during the past 40-50 years as a generic
AND
so far as prevailing mindsets within the formal study of literacy is concerned.¶
(  )  Even a very small risk we’re right is a reason to vote aff – limited information about the future is enough to tip the consequentialist balance
Tyler Cowen, GMU, December 2006, “The Epistemic Problem Does Not Refute Consequentialism,” Utilitas, 18:4, pq
Lenman’s example assumes that we know literally nothing about the major consequences of our acts
AND
non-quantifiable, as to which beach is better for the invasion.
policy analysis should precede discourse – most effective way to challenge power
Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq
The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported
AND
political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them. 

The fact that prediction isn’t perfect should NOT mean that we abandon it – rather, imperfections in predictive models should lead us to debate over the best predictions we can make and take action to prevent crisis precisely because the future is uncertain. Prefer this evidence – it assumes their critique of prediction and is conclusive on what to do about it.
Fuyuki Kurasawa, Professor of Sociology at York University, 2004, Constellations, Vol. 11, No. 4, p. 458-459
When engaging in the labor of preventive foresight, the first obstacle that one is
AND
anticipate and prepare for possible and avoidable sources of harm to our successors.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Georgetown | Judge:
Russia
Inevitable- oil and gas production declining.
Hancox 8-9(Ed, d Hancox works in nonprofit development. He holds a M.A. degree in International Affairs from The New School where he worked as a research associate on a project examining Russia's transition from Communism. Before earning his Masters, Ed worked as a journalist, a disc jockey and as a technical writer with a multi-national electronics firm. “Putin Pussy Riot Problem is Nothing Compared to Volatile Oil Prices” http://www.policymic.com/articles/12476/putin-pussy-riot-problem-is-nothing-compared-to-volatile-oil-prices)

Last week Russian President Vladimir Putin was in London to take in one of his
AND
in Russia, Putin could rather quickly find himself without any political support.
Russian econ Trending down-inflation.
WSJ 8-3(Wall Street Journal, “IMF: Russian Economy May Be Running Above Capacity” http://www.marketwatch.com/story/imf-russian-economy-may-be-running-above-capacity-2012-08-03)
MOSCOW--The International Monetary Fund left its economic growth targets unchanged for Russia Friday
AND
The central bank left rates unchanged for the seventh straight month in July.
Russian econ is resilient – budget flexibility, reserve funds, and falling ruble check total collapse
Jason Bush 7-2-2012; Reuters columnist, Oil-price slide highlights risks to Putin's Russia http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-07-02/news/32508636_1_oil-price-largest-oil-producer-peter-westin

Analysts say the impact on Russia of lower oil prices may be milder than during
AND
for the budget," said Evgeny Gavrilenkov, chief economist at Troika Dialog.
Oil prices can’t solve Russian econ- alt causes and corruption
ENGLUND ’11 – Washington Post Staff Writer (Englund, Will. “Increase in oil revenue amid unrest in Arab world gives Russia some breathing room”. March 21, 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/10/AR2011031001553.html)

But with increased oil revenue also comes the danger of complacency. Bureaucrats, defense
AND
, and they are central to Medvedev's vision for the future of Russia. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: 

T In the US

Includes territorial waters

Wikipedia NO Date (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone)
A state’s exclusive economic zone starts at the seaward edge of its territorial sea and
AND
the continental rise and slope, and the entire seabed within the EEZ.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: 

T – Restrictions

A restriction is a regulatory constraint

Farlex, ’12 (Farlex collection, Princeton University, 2012, WordNet 3.0, Print)CC
restriction - an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation)

In the context of OTEC, these regulatory barriers are restrictions – patent law

Shapiro et all 12 ~Patent application title: Industrial Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Processes
AND
-29, ¶ Patent application number: 20120073291, ¶ Patent Docs~ 

Embodiments have been described wherein a portion of the cold water from an OTEC system
AND
thereby eliminating the formation of a thermal plume and greatly reducing thermal pollution. 

their interpretation would mean no topical affs for a shitload of other energy – the only requirements for oil and fossil fuels are the leasing requirements which are also a question of regulation because there is no cap and it’s legal.
Institute for Energy Research in 12 (Fossil fuel production on federal lands at 9 year low; http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2012/03/15/fossil-fuel-production-on-federal-lands-at-9-year-low/-http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2012/03/15/fossil-fuel-production-on-federal-lands-at-9-year-low/)

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) just released its report, Sales of Fossil
AND
the Obama Administration leased any federal land offshore to oil and gas drilling.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: 

Politics

Politics B. No pull factors
Rash 10 (Wayne, Senior Analyst for eWEEK Labs and runs the magazine’s Washington Bureau, "H-1B Visa Usage Declines Sharply Due to Economy, Bureaucracy," E-Week, July 26, http://www.eweek.com/c/a/IT-Management/H1B-Visa-Usage-Declines-Sharply-Due-to-Economy-Bureaucracy-771606/-http://www.eweek.com/c/a/IT-Management/H1B-Visa-Usage-Declines-Sharply-Due-to-Economy-Bureaucracy-771606/)

Lego’s position on the reduced numbers is clearly supported by the State Department’s own numbers
AND
in the process. But the mood in the United States has changed.
Punitive procedures in states and counties in the United States make visitors fear for their
AND
doing enough, subjecting innocent visitors to detention and interrogation isn’t the answer.
Likewise, independent, perhaps rogue, actions by law enforcement, such as the border patrol agents at the Newark airport, give the U.S. a decidedly anti-foreigner look. So perhaps the arbitrary actions by some government agents, the decidedly anti-immigrant policies in some political jurisdictions, labyrinthine bureaucratic processes and a lousy job outlook are really a perfect storm. With all of that, who in their right mind would want to come to the United States?

(     ) Not unique – Obama just announce %242billion spending for clean energy research

Renewable Energy World 3-15-13 (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/03/obama-to-press-congress-on-2-billion-clean-energy-research-fund-http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/03/obama-to-press-congress-on-2-billion-clean-energy-research-fund)**

President Barack Obama is pressing Congress to create a %242 billion clean-energy
AND
would increase production and boost receipts from royalties, lease sales and bonus bids

(      ) Skilled workers on H1 visas won’t go into the companies they’re talking about – not attractive and have to get security clearances

RedOrbit 8 ("Aerospace Industry Faces Coming Worker Shortage," March 4, http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1281235/aerospace_industry_faces_coming_worker_shortage/) JM
U.S. universities awarded 196,797 undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering
AND
"The talent is going to have to be homegrown," said Blakey.

Obama will XO immigration reforms – solves all the DA impact

Lillis 2-16 – Mike Lillis, February 16th, 2013, "Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform" thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform

President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event
AND
talented in, but there’s also a labor flow issue," he said.

Timeframe is huge – more than a decade

Navarrette 2-19 – Ruben Navarrette, CNN Contributor, February 19th, 2013, "Guest worker issue may kill immigration reform" www.cnn.com/2013/02/19/opinion/navarrette-immigration-reform/index.html-http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/19/opinion/navarrette-immigration-reform/index.html**

How long? The undocumented could immediately apply for a special protective status to avoid deportation, but it would take them about eight years to get legal permanent residency (a green card) and another four or five years to become a U.S. citizen.

No spillover

Judson Berger 3-4, 2013, "Recurring budget crises could put squeeze on Obama’s second-term priorities," Fox News, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/04/recurring-budget-crises-could-put-squeeze-on-obama-second-term-priorities/~~%23ixzz2OknXmt3G-http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/04/recurring-budget-crises-could-put-squeeze-on-obama-second-term-priorities/

Rep. Luis Gutierrez, D-Ill., a vocal advocate for immigration reform
AND
.C., who both are part of a bipartisan group crafting legislation. 

(      ) Turn: Won’t pass now – Obama has lost his juice and can’t get it done

Mediaite 3-19-13 (Spiraling Job Approval Ratings Complicate Negotiations With Congressional Republicans. LN)

RELATED: Obama’s -http://www.lexisnexis.com.proxy.foley.gonzaga.edu/lnacui2api/search/XMLCrossLinkSearch.do?bct=A%26risb=21_T17009914321%26returnToId=20_T17009918542%26csi=299488%26A=0.811681361788703%26sourceCSI=162599%26indexTerm=%23PE0009TJP%23%26searchTerm=Obama's %26indexType=PApproval Ratings Mirror American Support For Gun Control, According To New
AND
not a place a president entering his second term would prefer to be.

(      ) More evidence - The plan would give Obama a win he needs to get his immigration agenda – no other mechanism can build the kind of juice he needs to get it done

Hirsch 2-7-12 (Michael. Chief correspondent for National Journal. http://www.nationaljournal.com/reporters/bio/42-http://www.nationaljournal.com/reporters/bio/42)**

Meanwhile, the Republican members of the Senate’s so-called Gang of Eight are
AND
to do with Obama’s political capital or, indeed, Obama at all.
The point is not that "political capital" is a meaningless term. Often
AND
that matters, if you have popularity and some momentum on your side."
The real problem is that the idea of political capital—or mandates, or
AND
his account determines what he can do at any given moment in history.
Naturally, any president has practical and electoral limits. Does he have a majority
AND
increasingly avoid any concessions that make him (and the Democrats) stronger.
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
AND
suddenly woke up in panic to the huge disparity in the Hispanic vote.
Some political scientists who study the elusive calculus of how to pass legislation and run
AND
change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect."

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: 

CP

Investment in offshore OTEC is critical to US OTEC leadership and international OTEC development—this prevents Chinese hegemony.

Bill Moore, 4/12/2006. Discussion with Dr. Hans Jurgen Krock, the founder of OCEES on the revival of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion. "OTEC Resurfaces," http://www.evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=1008-http://www.evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=1008.

While onshore installations like the one in Hawaii have their place in providing island communities
AND
— most likely Diego Garcia though he wouldn’t confirm this for security purposes.

Agency preemption is the critical battleground for global issues of federalism

Young 2008(Earnest, Professor of Law at Duke Law School, "Executive Preemption", Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 102, No. 2, p869)
Preemption of state regulatory authority by national law is the central federalism issue of our
AND
Agency action thus evades both the political and the procedural safeguards of federalism.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: 

Security

Security is inevitable—rejecting it causes the state to become more interventionist, flipping the impact
McCormack 10
~Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 59-61)~
The following section will briefly raise some questions about the rejection of the old security
AND
the political limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. 

Shifting away from the security framework causes conflict and causes intervention – only the perm gives political content to rights
McCormack 10
~Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 59-61)~
A corollary of this retreat from a political interpretation of conflict or social instability,
AND
reflect the increased freedom of the international community to intervene in other states. 

Attempts to eliminate the security paradox fail—human nature makes realism inevitable.

Morgenthau, 98. Winter, Hans, Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for the Study of American Foreign Policy at the University of Chicago. Naval War College Review 51.1, p. 16, ebsco.
This is another example of the belief that the difficulties which confront us, the
AND
an evil that they were just in the process of getting rid of.

*Their alternative fails—it’s a statement of intent with no method of implementation.
Jones 99 (Richard, professor of International Politics at the University of Wales, Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory, CIAO Net)
Because emancipatory political practice is central to the claims of critical theory, one might
AND
epistemological and methodological claims and thus that it is a fatally flawed enterprise.

*Threats must be confronted—refusal to engage emboldens aggression, resulting in conflict
Thayer 6 (Bradley, Professor of Security Studies at Missouri State, The National Interest, "In Defense of Primacy," Nov/Dec, 32-7)
In contrast, a strategy based on retrenchment will not be able to achieve these
AND
power of the United States is what protects the country from such threats. 

They’re wrong about scenario planning, it helps decision makers question assumptions and adapt to changing circumstances.  Education about scenario planning promotes reflection and critical thinking.

Lankshear 13
(Colin,  Adjunct Professor at James Cook University, Mount St Vincent University and McGill University, "The "New Literacy Studies" and the Study of "New" Literacies" in , New Literacies, Changing Knowledge and the Classroom, uob-community.ballarat.edu.au/~clankshear/New_Literacies.doc)

 Scenario planning has emerged during the past 40-50 years as a generic
AND
so far as prevailing mindsets within the formal study of literacy is concerned.¶ 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: 

Electricity Prices

Electricity prices high now – High demand, supply glut has been eliminated

Bloomberg 3-14 ("Natural gas prices nearing %244 as power plants cut into supplies" March 14, 2013 www.star-telegram.com/2013/03/14/4682547/natural-gas-prices-nearing-4-as.html)

Near-record natural gas demand from U.S. electricity generators is driving
AND
gas and some of the coal generation that went away isn’t coming back."

Offshoring key to chinese econ

El-Shenawi 11 (Eman, "India and China are reaping the financial benefits produced by wealthy remitters" October 30, 2011, AlArabiya.net)

China, a holder of the world’s largest foreign exchange reserves, at %243
AND
the wake of the 2008 global recession and amid the continuing fiscal crises.

Impact is global war

Plate 3 (Tom. East Asia Expert, Adjunct. Prof. Communications @ UCLA 03
(Neo-cons a bigger risk to Bush than China, Strait Times. LN)

But imagine a China disintegrating- on its own, without neo-conservative or
AND
economic growth – the very direction the White House now seems to prefer.

High prices kill competitiveness

Hill 12 (Andrew, "Time to get past the stigma of offshoring" July 9, 2012, Financial Times)

But RBS identified the centre of its problem as its Edinburgh facility, underlining a
AND
of competitive advantage US presidential candidates should be campaigning for, not against.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: 

1AR—We Meet

OTEC is solar power – it uses solar power to produce electricity.  Even if they win that the power is indirect, it is still classified as incident solar power.

Nihous 5
(Gérard C. Nihous, Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii, "An Order-of-Magnitude Estimate of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Resources", Transactions of the ASME, December, http://hinmrec.hnei.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Extractable-Ocean-Thermal-Resources-2005.pd
Zener recognized in the 1970s that "Society will not allow any large-scale
AND
quotes an OTEC resource of 50–150 TW, but without details.

Its solar power

Makai Ocean Engineering 2012(Last Date Modified, August 15, "OTEC - Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion", http://www.makai.com/e-otec.htm-http://www.makai.com/e-otec.htm)

Immense Resource: OTEC is solar power, using the oceans as a thermal storage system for 24-hour production. Unlike other renewable energies, the maximum available energy from OTEC is not limited by land, shorelines, water, environmental impact, human impact, etc.

OTEC is solar power – more evidence

National Renewable Energy Lab, No Date
(http://www.nrel.gov/otec/what.html-http://www.nrel.gov/otec/what.html)

The oceans cover a little more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface. This
AND
total amount of electricity consumed in the United States on any given day.

We meet their functional interpretation of solar

Avery 94 (William, B.S. in chemistry from Pomona College and his A.M. and Ph.D. degrees in physical chemistry from Harvard, "Renewable energy from the ocean: a guide to OTEC," p8)

OTEC, or Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, is an energy technology that converts solar
AND
a significant amount of power, with little impact on the surrounding environment.

1AR—Counter Interpretation

And here’s more evidence—solar power is energy from the sun converted to electricity

Collins English Dictionary 2003
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/solar+power-http://www.thefreedictionary.com/solar+power)

solar power
n
(Engineering / Electrical Engineering) heat radiation from the sun converted into electrical power

More evidence—solar is just electricity generated from the sun

Clean Energy Ideas("What is Solar Power?", http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/articles/what_is_solar_power.html-http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/articles/what_is_solar_power.html)

Solar power is essentially electricity generated from the energy contained within the suns rays. The below information provides a greater insight into solar energy and the ways in which we can use this energy.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: 

Japan CP

====Immediate environmental problems require federal regulation. ====
Donze 2000(Patricia, NYU Law, "LEGISLATING COMITY: CAN CONGRESS ENFORCE FEDERALISM CONSTRAINTS THROUGH RESTRICTIONS ON PREEMPTION DOCTRINE?", http://www.law.nyu.edu/ecm_dlv/groups/public/@nyu_law_website__journals__journal_of_legislation_and_public_policy/documents/documents/ecm_pro_060641.pdf-http://www.law.nyu.edu/ecm_dlv/groups/public/@nyu_law_website__journals__journal_of_legislation_and_public_policy/documents/documents/ecm_pro_060641.pdf)

The genesis of preemption in pollution control provides an excellent example of how the federal
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then a state could face the loss of its federal highway funding.23

Biodiversity loss causes extinction – most recent and qualified studies confirm

Science Daily 11 ("Biodiversity Key to Earth’s Life-Support Functions in a CHanging World,"  Cites Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, August 11, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110811084513.htm
ScienceDaily (Aug. 11, 2011) — The biological diversity of organisms on
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diversity is thus a crucial factor in maintaining Earth’s life-support functions.

Biodiversity collapse outweighs – default to irreversibility.
Chen 00 (Jim, Professor of Law at University of Minnesota and Dean of Law School at Louisville, Globalization and Its Losers:, 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157’ LexisNexis Legal)
Conscious decisions to allow the extinction of a species or  the destruction of an entire
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- in ten mil-  lion years, perhaps a hundred million.348 

1AR—Iraq Scenario

Iraq federalism leads to civil war

Common Dreams News Center, 2004(March 9, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0309-09.htm)

BAGHDAD - Shi’ite leaders warned on Tuesday that Iraq’s new constitution could cause problems in
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could cause a civil war in Iraq," he said in a statement.

Causes ME war—it escalates

Ferguson 6 ~Niall, September/October, "The Next War of the World," Foreign Affairs, Niall Ferguson, MA, D.Phil., is the Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University and William Ziegler Professor at Harvard Business School. http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20060901faessay85506/niall-ferguson/the-next-war-of-the-world.html~~

What makes the escalating civil war in Iraq so disturbing is that it has the
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not on Poland or Manchuria, but more likely on Palestine and Mesopotamia.    

A. Federalism leads to secessionist fragmentation

Michael Kelly, Director of Legal Research, Writing %26 Advocacy at Michigan State University’s Detroit College of Law, 1999, Drake Law Review

However, as political sovereign entities, federations are inherently susceptible to fragmentation. Indeed
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-states that have broken down into smaller successor states during this decade. 

B. Unbridled secession leads to global war and WMD use

Gidon Gottlieb, Leo Spitz Professor of International Law and Diplomacy University of Chicago Law School, 1993, Nation Against State, p. 26-27
Self-determination unleashed and unchecked by balancing principles constitutes a menace to the society
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hundred independent territorial states cannot be the basis for global security and prosperity.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wyo BF | Judge:
Observation One - Inherency
New Source Performance Standards are going into effect this year—the DC circuit court is hearing on the ruling, but will default to agency interpretation now
McMahon 2012 (Bobby, Clean Energy Report "Utilities Urge Appeals Court to Exempt Coal Plants From Climate NSPS" Environmetnal Newsstand, 8/17/12 environmentalnewsstand.com/index.php?option=com_ppvandid=2407495andItemid=012)

Utilities are urging a federal appeals
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"the proposed standard is not an NSPS for those new sources."

Advantage One: Warming
Warming’s irreversible
Solomon et al 2010(Susan, Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ph.D. in Climotology University of California, Berkeley, Nobel Peace Prize Winner, Chairman of the IPCC, Gian-Kasper Plattner, Deputy Head, Director of Science, Technical Support Unit Working Group I, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Affiliated Scientist, Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland, John S. Daniel, research scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Ph.D. in physics from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Todd J. Sanford, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado Daniel M. Murphy, Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder Gian-Kasper Plattner, Deputy Head, Director of Science, Technical Support Unit Working Group I, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Affiliated Scientist, Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland Reto Knutti, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich and Pierre Friedlingstein, Chair, Mathematical Modelling of Climate Systems, member of the Science Steering Committee of the Analysis Integration and Modeling of the Earth System (AIMES) programme of IGBP and of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) of the Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP), October 26, "Persistence of climate changes due to a range of greenhouse gases", Vol 107.43: 18354-18359)

Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and other
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 time has dropped to about one-third of the peak value.
The atmosphere is already absorbing the maximum amount of radiation—increased CO2 will have no effect
Nova 2010(Joanne, Scientist and author of The Skeptic's Handbook, February 4, "4. Carbon dioxide is already absorbing almost all it can", http://joannenova.com.au/2010/02/4-carbon-dioxide-is-already-absorbing-almost-all-it-can/)jn

Here’s why it’s possible that doubling CO2 won’t
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it’s already reached its peak performance.

Attempts to reduce air pollution will cause global warming by eliminating the cooling effects of sulfate aerosols
Health and Energy 7 (“Sulfur Dioxide cuts may allow Increased Global Warming”, February 20, http://healthandenergy.com/sulfur_dioxide.htm

Sulfur dioxide emissions from the burning
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 sulfur dioxide emissions are reduced", he said.

The loss of sulfate aerosols will have a rapid impact on climate change
Henson 98 (Bob, National Center for Atmospheric Research, “Particles of Doubt”, April 10, http://www.ucar.edu/communications/highlights/1998/particles.html)

Sulfates are sprinters in the climate
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quickly in regions like China, India, and Southeast Asia.
Reducing coal emissions would trigger rapid warming due to reduced aerosol cooling.
Chalmers et al 2012(N., Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.; NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, U.K., E. J. Highwood, Department of Meteorology at the University of Reading, E. Hawkins, 1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.; 2NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, U.K., R. Sutton, 1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.; 2NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, U.K., L. J. Wilcox1, August 21, “Aerosol contribution to the rapid warming of 2 near-term climate under RCP 2.6,” Manuscript, accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters, www.met.reading.ac.uk/ed/home/chalmers_etal_2012_accepted.pdf.

The period during which global mean surface
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, 182 and is consistent with previous simulations by Wigley 1991 and Johns et al. 2011.

Decrease in emissions from coal doubles the rate of warming
Glikson 2011(Dr Andrew, Earth and paleoclimate science, Australian National University, June 6, “Global warming above 2° so far mitigated by accidental geo-engineering,” http://www.crikey.com.au/2011/06/06/global-warming-above-2%C2%B0-so-far-mitigated-by-accidental-geo-engineering/)

According to NASA’s Goddard Institute of Space Science
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near-doubling of global warming (Figure 1). 

Rapid climate shifts cause extinction
Max Mcclure, staff writer, 6-7-2012, “Earth may be approaching 'tipping point,' Stanford scientist says,” Stanford University News, http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/earth-tipping-point-060712.html
It's already established that global biological systems
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 structure necessary to manage for this future."
Speed is critical—rapid warming overwhelms adaptation.
Milton 2010(Joseph, PhD Evolutionary Biology at St Andrews, science journalism at City U London, writer for the Financial Times, New Scientist, Nature News, Research Fortnight, and Scientific American, November 11, “Rapid warming boosted ancient rainforest,” Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=rapid-warming-boosted-ancient)

Most scientists have assumed that,
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--that's the most important thing," he says.
Acid rain sulfate deposition is currently offsetting warming by decreasing methane emissions from wetlands and rice paddies, but methane-producing microorganisms will recover if sulfur emissions decrease
Gauci et al 5 (Vincent, Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, “Long-term suppression of wetland methane flux following a pulse of simulated acid rain”, Geophysical Research Letters, June 2005, http://cepsar.open.ac.uk/pers/v.gauci/pics/d43291.pdf)

2 Wetland CH4 emissions are thought
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may have barely diminished if S-recycling is prolonged.
Air pollution is key to preventing methane and carbon releases from wetlands and peat bogs, solving acid rain would cause rapidly escalating global warming
Gauci 5 (Vincent, Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, “Acid interactions”, Planet Earth, Autumn 2005, http://cepsar.open.ac.uk/pers/v.gauci/pics/d50568.pdf)

Pollution is a ‘bad thing’ right? If only
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 competitive sulphate-reducing bacteria?
CO2 reductions collapse ag—causes food crisis
Idso 2011(Craig, Ph. D, Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, June 15, "Estimates of Global Food Production in the Year 2050: Will We Produce Enough to Adequately Feed the World?", http://www.co2science.org/education/reports/foodsecurity/GlobalFoodProduction Estimates2050.pdf)

Global food security is one of the most pressing
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 to meet the future food requirements of humanity.
Food shortages cause extinction
Cribb 2010(Julian, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, “The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”, pg 10) 

The character of human conflict has also changed:
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 synergetic character of the things that power it.
Reducing coal burning power plants would lead to a rapid onset of global warming as sulfate aerosols wash out of the atmosphere, leaving greenhouse gas emissions unbalanced
Connor 1990 (Steve, Science Editor of The Independent (London), “Carbon dioxide cuts 'may heat up earth'”, The Independent (London), August 19, 1990, pg. 7)

MAN'S attempts to halt the greenhouse
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 seen the magnitude of warming we expected.''

Sulfur emissions are key to crop yields—coal reductions uniquely harm yields
Taylor 2011(Richard, University of Deleware Extension Agronomist, March 16, "Will Your Crop Suffer from Sulfur Deficiency this Cropping Year?", http://extension.udel.edu/kentagextension/2011/03/16/will-your-crop-suffer-from-sulfur-deficiency-this-cropping-year/)

Past and recent emphasis has been placed
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please review the photos at the end of this article.
CO2 prevents warming and is key to global biodiversity
Sherwood and Idso 2010 (Keith and Craig, "They've Left Life Out of the Equations..." CO2 Science Magazine Number 42: 20 October, http://www.co2science.org/articles/V13/N42/EDIT.php)

All else being equal, we would tend to agree with
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the greenhouse gas's own global warming potential.
Sulfate effect outweighs—it’s comparatively less than a transition
Jacobsen 2012(Mark, Master in Environmental Engineering, October 31, "Why Natural Gas Warms the Earth More but Causes Less Health Damage than Coal, so is not a Bridge Fuel nor a Benefit to Climate")

Most SO2 and NOx from coal convert
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of zero leaked methane emissions.
NSPS standards on GHG emissions prevent future development of the industry
Glaser 2012(Peter, Partner in the Washington DC Law Firm of Troutman Sanders, May 31, "The Impact of the Administration's Policies on Coal", House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Testimony)

EPA’s proposed GHG NSPS would also kill
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commercially and as matter of law and regulation.

Acidification doesn’t kill ocean organisms – they can survive
Professor Brice Bosnich FRS, is Gustavus F. and Ann M. Swift Distinguished Professor in Chemistry at The University of Chicago, Emeritus, and is currently a Visiting Fellow at the Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, 11-14-2011, “The chemistry of ocean pH and “acidification”,” JaNova, http://joannenova.com.au/2011/11/the-chemistry-of-ocean-ph-and-acidification/

During past periods, stretching back millions
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that ensue from the formation of carbonic acid.

Acid rain has no effect on ecosystems.
Vaclav Smil 1985 Professor of the University of Manitoba. Carbon-Nitrogen-Sulfur. P356

Unlike with aquatic ecosystems, there is,
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 and clay minerals to buffer the acid inputs.

Air pollution has no negative impact – Multiple studies prove. Plus, their evidence relies on media hype. Err neg.
Schwartz 03 Scholar @ Competitive Enterprise Institute Joel Schwartz, “Particulate Air Pollution: weighing the risks” April http://cei.org/pdf/3452.pdf/ Kevin W. Prep ‘11

PM and other air pollutants have been declining
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air pollution levels, trends, and risks.141 

Plan
The United States federal government should reduce greenhouse gas New Source Performance Standards for coal fired energy generation units, clarifying that the Environmental Protection Agency lacks the authority to implement these standards under the Clean Air Act.
Advantage 2
A broad interpretation of the Massachusetts ruling creates massive EPA overstretch—causes other regulations to fail
Lewis 2010(Marlo, Senior Fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, June 1, "EPA Endangerment Showdown: Should Congress Heed Russell Train’s Advice?," http://www.masterresource.org/2010/06/epa-endangerment-showdown-rt-advice/)

Mass. v. EPA: Is the Court Infallible?¶ Train also
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The other is that the court misread the statute.

EPA regulation of the chemical industry key to prevent local regs—those kill the industry
Layton 2009(Lyndsey, Washington Post Staff, August 9, "Chemical Industry Lends Support to Reform", http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-08-09/politics/36843969_1_chemical-regulation-chemical-industry-american-chemistry-council)

"The fundamental duty of the chemical industry
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chemicals on the U.S. market today.

Chemical industry solves extinction
Baum 99 Baum, Founder of Chemical and Engineering News Washington, 12-6-99 Rudy, “MILLENNIUM SPECIAL REPORT,” CandEN Washington, Volume 77, Number 49, http://pubs.acs.org/cen/hotarticles/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html

Computers and the Internet are clearly one of the driving
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basic and not-so-basic needs.