| 09/15/2012 | Tournament: UNI | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The Department of Defense should waive Nuclear Regulatory Comission restrictions preventing the development and deployment of military-oriented small modular reactor technology.====The DoD wants Small Modular Reactors on military bases
Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)====
Several Congressional and DOD actors have already indicated an interest in military applications of small
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NRC), is now studying options for small nuclear reactors on DOD installations. ====And, the DOE has already laid the groundwork to leverage resources for future projects.====
G.C.C., 2012:
(Green Car Congress. DOE Announces Small Modular Reactor Technology Partnerships At Savannah River Site. March 2, 2012. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html-http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html. Online Newspaper.) The US Energy Department (DOE) and its Savannah River Site (SRS)
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development while providing these nuclear companies with the resources to support effective deployment plans ====But, NRC regulations Will Kill SMR Technology, costing vendors millions of dollars and delaying adoption by many years====
Szondy, 2012:
(David Szondy. Writer For Gizmag. Feature: Small Modular Nuclear Reactors- The Future Of Energy. February 16, 2012. http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/)
Indeed, it is in government regulations that the modular reactors face their greatest challenges
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technological dreams, or if it falls victim to the bureaucrats’ rule book. ====DoD Can Declare Regulatory Authority Over Mission Critical Nuclear Facilities====
King et al., 2011:
(Feasability Of Nuclear Power ON U.S. Military Installations. Marcus King. LaVar Huntzinger. Thoi Nguyen. Marcus King Is A Research Analyst And Project Director At CAN Corporation’s Center For Naval Analyses. March 2011. http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf-http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf)
The most basic licensing issue relates to whether NRC will have jurisdiction over potential nuclear
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that operated aboard the Sturgis barge in the 1960s and 1970s ~[44~]. ====DoD Action Avoids NRC Bureaucracy While Accelerating The Development Of SMR Technology====
Butler, 2011:
(LtCol Butler is currently assigned to Headquarters, North American Air Defense Command-U.S. Northern Command/J594 (Strategy, Policy, and Plans Directorate), Security Cooperation ntegration Branch. Glen Butler. Lieutenant Colonel. Why The Marine Corps Should Lead The Environmental And Energy Way Forward And How To Do It. March 18, 2011. http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough-http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough)
Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 ====Forward Operations Are Increasingly Energy-Dependent. But, Supply Convoys Are Vulnerable And Facing Heavy Casualties. ====
Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
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organically and substantially increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles used in forward areas. Other Energy Sources Fail; Only SMR Reduces the Need for Supply Convoys and Maintains Forward MobilityAndres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)
Nevertheless, attempts to solve the current energy use problem with efficiency measures and renewable
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make the Corps significantly lighter and more mobile by reducing its logistics tail. ====The U.S. can’t continue to meet forward basing operations needs absent the plan.====
Elwell, 2011:
(Andrew Elwell. Journalist Specializing In Defense Industry News/ Data. Renewable Energy Tech Sought For Forward Operating Bases. 12/01/2011.)
"Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
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the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies. Forward Presence Is Key To Preventing Escalation and Deterring Multiple Ongoing Conflict Scenarios; China, North Korea, And Iran.Forbes, 2011:
~[Rep. J. Randy Forbes, R-Va., is chairman of the House Armed Services Readiness Subcommittee and founder and co-chairman of the Congressional China Caucus. Puncturing the U.S. Base Myths, The Diplomat, December 02, 2011, http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true-http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true~]
Deterring regional aggression with forward basing has been central to U.S. military
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enough to berth a U.S. Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. Whiteneck, 2010:
~[Daniel Whiteneck • Michael Price • Neil Jenkins •Peter Swartz, CNA Analysis %26 Solutions, "The Navy at a Tipping Point: Maritime Dominance at Stake?" March, http://www.public.navy.mil/usff/documents/navy_at_tipping_point.pdf~~]
Is there a logical "tipping point" that can be numerically assigned? Is
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interest with dominant maritime forces, you are at the "tipping point." and prevents escalation globally. Reduced naval power opens the door to new hostility and escalatory crises.====
Friedman, 2007:
~[George, PhD, Chief Executive Officer and founder of STRATFOR, "The Limitations and Necessity of Naval Power," April 10, http://www.stratfor.com/limitations_and_necessity_naval_power~~]
To be a little more precise, the U.S. Navy can assert
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world’s oceans represents the foundation stone of U.S. grand strategy. Kearns, 2011:
(Beyond The United Kingdom: Trends In The Other Nuclear Armed States. Dr. Ian Kearns. Members Of The British American Security Information Council. November 2011.)
First, there has been a major reduction in the global nuclear
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deployed over shorter ranges and for more tactical purposes. Loudermilk, 2011:
(Micah Loudermilk. May 31, 2011. Small Nuclear Reactors And U.S. Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, And Costs. http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375. Contributor Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University) Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-scale adoption
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industry and will work to solidify long-term support for nuclear energy. Chu, 2010:
(America’s New Nuclear Option. Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy. Wall Street Journal. March 23, 2010. )
Perhaps most importantly, investing in nuclear energy will position America to lead in a
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, eliminating the plutonium that critics say could be used for nuclear weapons. U.S. Nuclear Leadership Sets Global Standards For Security, Nonproliferation, And SafetyWallace and Williams, 2012:
(Members Of The Center for Strategic and International Studies "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing Its Early Demise" by Michelle Wallace and Sarah Williams, April 17th 2012.)
Our nation’s commercial nuclear industry, its military nuclear capabilities, and its strong regulatory
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.S. nuclear industry and take action to prevent its early demise. Absent Effective Leadership, the new generation of reactors leads to nuclear anarchy and wildfire prolifMacalister, 2009:
(New Generation Of Nuclear Power Stations ’Risk Terrorist Anarchy’. Terry Macalister. March 16, 2009. Journalist For The Guardian.)
The new generation of atomic power stations planned for Britain, China and many other
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low-carbon energy and a stable nuclear weapons environment," he said. Wildfire Prolif Destabilizes The International System And Creates New Scenarios For Nuclear War Every DaySokolski, 2009:
(Henry, executive director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, serves on the U.S. congressional Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, Policy Review, June/July, "Avoiding a Nuclear Crowd")
There are limits, however, to what this approach can accomplish.
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we may soon see a future that neither the proponents of nuclear abolition, nor their critics, would ever want. Absent The Plan, China Will Rely On Outdated Nuclear Technology, Spurring Multiple Meltdowns And Nuclear DisastersDecker, 2011:
(Decker: The Next Nuclear Meltdown: China. Brett M. Decker. Journalist For The Washington Times. March 16, 2011.)
The Middle Kingdom is earthquake-prone and suffers regular damage from major tremors.
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relentless urgency for substantial, sustained economic growth is a ticking time bomb. ====A Nuclear Meltdown Would Be Catastrophic, poisoning half the planet and killing millions====
Lendman, 2011:
(Nuclear Meltdown In Japan. Stephen Lendman. March 13, 2011. Progressive Political Activist, Host Of The Progressive Radio News Hour on The Progressive Radio Network. Author Of Multiple Books. Quoting Two Russian Two Nuclear Experts)
In fact, that disaster ~[Chernobyl~] killed nearly one million people worldwide from nuclear radiation exposure.
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Potentially, millions of lives will be jeopardized. Water Shortages Across The Globe Are Inevitable In The Status Quo And Will Cause Conflict In Multiple WaysU.P.I., 2012:
(U.P.I. Report: Water Likely To Cause Conflicts. March 23, 2012.) Water problems, including water shortages, poor water quality and floods
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Procter and Gamble and the Rockefeller Foundation. Weiner, 1990:
(Jonathan Weiner ~[Visiting Professor at Princeton~], The next 100 years 270) If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H-
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of the 60,000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity. And, Indo-Pakistani Water Shortage Disputes Will Build Up And Cause Conflict Over KashmirMandhana, 2012:
(Niharika Mandhana. April 16, 2012. Water Wars: Why India And Pakistan Are Squaring Off Over Their Rivers. Journalist For TIME Magazine.) The treaty has been widely hailed as a success, having survived three post-
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antagonistic political relationship has certainly not helped to ease their differences over water. Nabi, 2001:
(Dr. Ghulam Nabi, Executive Director of the Washington-based Kashmiri American Council, "India Pakistan Summit and the Issue of Kashmir," 7/8, Washington Times, http://www.pakistanlink.com/Letters/2001/July/13/05.html) The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should
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indicated an inclination to ratify an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention. Rotberg, 2010:
(The Threat Of A Water War. Robert Rotberg. July 2, 2010. Director Of Harvard Kennedy School’s Program On Intrastate Conflict And Is President Of The World Peace Foundation)
NATIONS FIGHT over water, especially when access is curtailed or threatened, and there
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in Ethiopia. All these issues provide conditions for a war over water. Duetsch, 2002:
(Duetsch ’02 ~[Dr. Jeffrey, BA Government from Cornell, MA %26 PhD Economics from George Mason, Nov 18,
http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html)
The Rabid Tiger Project believes that a nuclear war
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Africa is an ocean of troubled waters, and some people love to go fishing. Science Daily, 2007:
ScienceDaily 07. ScienceDaily, Could Nuclear Power Be the Answer to Fresh Water?, November 20, 2007, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071120082429.htm-http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071120082429.htm
Jain emphasizes that a sustainable,
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desalinate seawater," Verma points out. Pfeffer and Macon, 2001:
Pfeffer %26 Macon 01. Robert A. Pfeffer ~[physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency; M.S., physics, Johns Hopkins University~] and William A. Macon, Jr. ~[project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; M.S., nuclear engineering, RPI~], Nuclear Power: An option for the Army’s Future, Army Logistician, September/October 2001, http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm-http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm
The idea of using nuclear power to produce synthetic fuels, originally proposed in 1963
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indigenous populations, and to U.S. deployed forces if necessary. |
| 10/29/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The Department of Defense should waive Nuclear Regulatory Commission restrictions preventing the development and deployment of military-oriented small modular reactor technology.====The DoD wants Small Modular Reactors on military bases
Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)====
Several Congressional and DOD actors have already indicated an interest in military applications of small
AND
NRC), is now studying options for small nuclear reactors on DOD installations. ====And, the DOE has already laid the groundwork to leverage resources for future projects.====
G.C.C., 2012:
(Green Car Congress. DOE Announces Small Modular Reactor Technology Partnerships At Savannah River Site. March 2, 2012. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html-http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html. Online Newspaper.) The US Energy Department (DOE) and its Savannah River Site (SRS)
AND
development while providing these nuclear companies with the resources to support effective deployment plans ====But, NRC regulations Will Kill SMR Technology, costing vendors millions of dollars and delaying adoption by many years====
Szondy, 2012:
(David Szondy. Writer For Gizmag. Feature: Small Modular Nuclear Reactors- The Future Of Energy. February 16, 2012. http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/)
Indeed, it is in government regulations that the modular reactors face their greatest challenges
AND
technological dreams, or if it falls victim to the bureaucrats’ rule book. ====DoD Can Declare Regulatory Authority Over Mission Critical Nuclear Facilities====
King et al., 2011:
(Feasability Of Nuclear Power ON U.S. Military Installations. Marcus King. LaVar Huntzinger. Thoi Nguyen. Marcus King Is A Research Analyst And Project Director At CAN Corporation’s Center For Naval Analyses. March 2011. http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf-http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf)
The most basic licensing issue relates to whether NRC will have jurisdiction over potential nuclear
AND
that operated aboard the Sturgis barge in the 1960s and 1970s ~44~. ====DoD Action Avoids NRC Bureaucracy While Accelerating The Development Of SMR Technology====
Butler, 2011:
(LtCol Butler is currently assigned to Headquarters, North American Air Defense Command-U.S. Northern Command/J594 (Strategy, Policy, and Plans Directorate), Security Cooperation ntegration Branch. Glen Butler. Lieutenant Colonel. Why The Marine Corps Should Lead The Environmental And Energy Way Forward And How To Do It. March 18, 2011. http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough-http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough)
Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
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shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 ====DoD Key; Development Of Military-Oriented SMR Technology==== Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) A second risk is that if small reactors do reach the market without DOD assistance
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out, then it should take a first mover role on small reactors. ====Forward Operations Are Increasingly Energy-Dependent. But, Supply Convoys Are Vulnerable And Facing Heavy Casualties. ====
Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
AND
organically and substantially increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles used in forward areas. Other Energy Sources Fail; Only SMR Reduces the Need for Supply Convoys and Maintains Forward MobilityAndres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)
Nevertheless, attempts to solve the current energy use problem with efficiency measures and renewable
AND
make the Corps significantly lighter and more mobile by reducing its logistics tail. ====The U.S. can’t continue to meet forward basing operations needs absent the plan.====
Elwell, 2011:
(Andrew Elwell. Journalist Specializing In Defense Industry News/ Data. Renewable Energy Tech Sought For Forward Operating Bases. 12/01/2011.)
"Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
AND
the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies. Forward Presence Is Key To Preventing Escalation and Deterring Multiple Ongoing Conflict Scenarios; China, North Korea, And Iran.Forbes, 2011:
~Rep. J. Randy Forbes, R-Va., is chairman of the House Armed Services Readiness Subcommittee and founder and co-chairman of the Congressional China Caucus. Puncturing the U.S. Base Myths, The Diplomat, December 02, 2011, http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true-http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true~~
Deterring regional aggression with forward basing has been central to U.S. military
AND
enough to berth a U.S. Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. Whiteneck, 2010:
~Daniel Whiteneck • Michael Price • Neil Jenkins •Peter Swartz, CNA Analysis %26 Solutions, "The Navy at a Tipping Point: Maritime Dominance at Stake?" March, http://www.public.navy.mil/usff/documents/navy_at_tipping_point.pdf~~
Is there a logical "tipping point" that can be numerically assigned? Is
AND
interest with dominant maritime forces, you are at the "tipping point." and prevents escalation globally. Reduced naval power opens the door to new hostility and escalatory crises.====
Friedman, 2007:
~George, PhD, Chief Executive Officer and founder of STRATFOR, "The Limitations and Necessity of Naval Power," April 10, http://www.stratfor.com/limitations_and_necessity_naval_power~~
To be a little more precise, the U.S. Navy can assert
AND
world’s oceans represents the foundation stone of U.S. grand strategy. Kearns, 2011:
(Beyond The United Kingdom: Trends In The Other Nuclear Armed States. Dr. Ian Kearns. Members Of The British American Security Information Council. November 2011.)
First, there has been a major reduction in the global nuclear weapons stockpile since
AND
allow them to be deployed over shorter ranges and for more tactical purposes. China Admitted It’s Cyber Attacking The DoD In The squo. Mutual Misperception Of Hostile Intent Makes Every Sino-U.S. Cyber Attack A Match In The Nuclear Powder Keg Washington Post, 2011:
~August 25, "China’s denials on cyberattacks undercut," lexis~ Viewers of China Central Television got an unusual glimpse last month of that nation’s cyber
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network is now like a powder keg ready to go in a flash."
A Successful Cyber Attack Causes Full-Scale U.S. Retaliation and U.S.-China War Gorman and Barnes, 2011:
(Cyber Combat: Act Of War. Siobhan Gorman and Julian E. Barnes. Journalists For The Wall Street Journal. May 30, 2011) The Pentagon has concluded that computer sabotage coming from another country can constitute an act
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its own computer warriors, the equivalent of the American National Security Agency.
Chinese Nationalism, U.S. Alliances, Increasing Militarization, And Territorial Disputes Mean A Small Dispute Could Quickly Escalate Lieven, 2012:
(Anatol Lieven. Professor In The War Studies Department Of King’s College London. June 12, 2012. Avoiding A U.S.-China War.) Relations between the United States and China are on a course that may one day
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aloof and seeing its credibility as an ally destroyed, or fighting China.
Independently, Securing The DoD From Cyber Attacks Is Key To Deter Chinese Invasion Of Taiwan. This Draws In The U.S. And Causes U.S.-China War Onley and Wait, 2006:
(Government Computer News. Dawn S. Onley, Patience Wait. Journalists. August 17, 2006. Red Storm Rising.) The PLA’s new information warfare focus illustrates a growing recognition that cyberattacks launched against the
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, to bring matters to a swift conclusion with a minimum of bloodshed. U.S.-China War Causes Multiple Scenarios For Extinction; Sing Along With Me Strait Times, 2000:
(Strait Times, June 25, 2K, Pg. l/n)
The high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating into a full
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destruction of civilization. There would be no victors in such a war.
Microgrid Technology Is Key To Secure The DoD Against Cyber Attacks Perera, 2010:
(August 22, 2010. David Perera. Journalist For Fierce Government IT. DoD Preparing Smart Microgrid Technology Demonstration.) Declaring that today’s electrical grid is unacceptably at high risk of extended outages, the
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their critical infrastructure, unnecessarily vulnerable to incident, whether deliberate or accidental."
Other Energy Sources Fail; SMRs Are Key To Successful Microgrids Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) In 2008, the Defense Science Board stressed that DOD should mitigate the electrical grid’s
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also to provide critical services in surrounding towns during long-term outages. Water Shortages Across The Globe Are Inevitable In The Status Quo And Will Cause Conflict In Multiple WaysU.P.I., 2012:
(U.P.I. Report: Water Likely To Cause Conflicts. March 23, 2012.) Water problems, including water shortages, poor water quality and floods, during the
AND
the Coca-Cola Company, Procter and Gamble and the Rockefeller Foundation. Weiner, 1990:
(Jonathan Weiner ~Visiting Professor at Princeton~, The next 100 years 270) If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H-
AND
of the 60,000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity. And, Indo-Pakistani Water Shortage Disputes Will Build Up And Cause Conflict Over KashmirMandhana, 2012:
(Niharika Mandhana. April 16, 2012. Water Wars: Why India And Pakistan Are Squaring Off Over Their Rivers. Journalist For TIME Magazine.) The treaty has been widely hailed as a success, having survived three post-
AND
antagonistic political relationship has certainly not helped to ease their differences over water. Nabi, 2001:
(Dr. Ghulam Nabi, Executive Director of the Washington-based Kashmiri American Council, "India Pakistan Summit and the Issue of Kashmir," 7/8, Washington Times, http://www.pakistanlink.com/Letters/2001/July/13/05.html) The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical
AND
an inclination to ratify an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention. Rotberg, 2010:
(The Threat Of A Water War. Robert Rotberg. July 2, 2010. Director Of Harvard Kennedy School’s Program On Intrastate Conflict And Is President Of The World Peace Foundation)
NATIONS FIGHT over water, especially when access is curtailed or threatened, and there
AND
in Ethiopia. All these issues provide conditions for a war over water. Duetsch, 2002:
(Duetsch ’02 ~Dr. Jeffrey, BA Government from Cornell, MA %26 PhD Economics from George Mason, Nov 18,
http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html)
The Rabid Tiger Project believes that a nuclear war is most likely to start in
AND
an ocean of troubled waters, and some people love to go fishing. Science Daily, 2007:
ScienceDaily 07. ScienceDaily, Could Nuclear Power Be the Answer to Fresh Water?, November 20, 2007, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071120082429.htm-http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071120082429.htm
Jain emphasizes that a sustainable, non-polluting solution to water shortages is essential. Renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and wave power, may be used in conjunction to generate electricity and to carry out desalination, which could have a significant impact on reducing potential increased greenhouse gas emissions. "Nuclear energy seawater desalination has a tremendous potential for the production of freshwater," Jain adds.
The development of a floating nuclear plant is one of the more surprising solutions to
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attachment to FNPPs helping the reactor to desalinate seawater," Verma points out. Pfeffer and Macon, 2001:
Pfeffer %26 Macon 01. Robert A. Pfeffer ~physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency; M.S., physics, Johns Hopkins University~ and William A. Macon, Jr. ~project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; M.S., nuclear engineering, RPI~, Nuclear Power: An option for the Army’s Future, Army Logistician, September/October 2001, http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm-http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm**
The idea of using nuclear power to produce synthetic fuels, originally proposed in 1963
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indigenous populations, and to U.S. deployed forces if necessary. Dirty Water Is The Biggest Impact, Killing More Than War And All Other ViolenceA.F.P., 2010:
AFP 10. UN: More deaths from unsafe water than from war, AFP, March 23, 2010, http://mg.co.za/article/2010-03-23-un-more-deaths-from-unsafe-water-than-war/-http://mg.co.za/article/2010-03-23-un-more-deaths-from-unsafe-water-than-war/** More people die from unsafe water than from all forms of violence, including war
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become scarce and would be even scarcer as a result of climate change. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) It should be emphasized that none of the small reactor designs currently under consideration for
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it particularly well suited to taking a leading role in testing small reactors. ====DoD Key; Development Of Military-Oriented SMR Technology==== Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) On the other hand, DOD may have specific needs (transportability, for instance
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. Borchardt, 2010:
(R.W. Borchardt. March 28, 2010. POTENTIAL POLICY, LICENSING, AND KEY TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR
SMALL MODULAR NUCLEAR REACTOR DESIGNS. Executive Director Of Operations, NRC. http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML0932/ML093290268.pdf-http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML0932/ML093290268.pdf) The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff has been meeting
AND
the Commission and other stakeholders of its activities and progress on resolving them. ====NRC Can’t Solve; Bureaucracy==== Skutnik, 2012:
(Steve Skutnik. Assistant Professor Of Nuclear Engineering At The University Of Tennessee. Small Modular Reactors In Iowa. February 28, 2012.) Of course, this argument ignores the inherent problem - the issue is not that
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blame to the technology for bureaucratic inaction is thus a non-sequitur. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Empirics Prove; Both Candidates Support Nuclear ExpansionWood, 2012:
Elisa Wood September 13, 2012 What Obama and Romney Don’t Say About Energy http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/13/what-obama-and-romney-dont-say-about-energy/ Fossil fuels and renewable energy have become touchy topics in this election, with challenger
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Romney support the use of nuclear energy and the development of new reactors."
Neither candidate will run against SMRs or risk alienating their base Blake, 10/17:
Aaron Blake, 10/17/2012 (staff writer, "Mitt Romney leading President Obama by six in Gallup poll," http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2012/10/17/mitt-romney-leading-president-obama-by-six-in-gallup-poll/, Accessed 10/17/2012,)
Mitt Romney has taken a six-point lead over President Obama in the latest
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among registered voters, the race is at Romney 48, Obama 46). Muja, 10/14:
Sahit Muja, 10/14/2012 (staff writer, "Poll of Polls: Obama leads in Ohio, Romney leads Obama in 16 latest polls," http://www.examiner.com/article/president-obama-leads-romney-51-to-46-ohio, Accessed 10/17/2012)
2:Gallup Poll: Mitt Romney leads President Obama 49 percent to 47 percent among registered likely voters, the poll released Sunday shows.¶ Gallup poll indicates that Romney at this point benefits from turnout patterns, given the five-point swing in his favor when the transition is made from registered voters to likely voters. Hansen, 2012: Alyssa Hansen 6/10/2012 is a fellow with Ohio University, http://woub.org/2012/06/10/ohio-leaders-say-jobs-key-presidential-election-http://woub.org/2012/06/10/ohio-leaders-say-jobs-key-presidential-election
The November election is now less than six months away and the attention turns to
AND
, Republican Rob Portman, says the country’s economic climate enforces that idea. Moody, 2012:
James R. Moody, The Arguments in Missouri for Small Module Reactors (SMR), principal of the firm, is a former state budget director and director of the office of administration for the state of Missouri. May 2012
What are the economics of SMR development? It is estimated that the first few
AND
domestic market for SMR modules, and 20% of the international market. ====Turn: Progress On Clean Energy Key To Rally Obama’s Base==== Kotkin, 2012:
(Joel Kotkin. July 12, 2012. How Fossil-Fuel Democrats Became An Endangered Species. Journalist For The Daily Beast) Yet as Obama pursues a 50-percent-plus-one re-election
AND
if Obama has been "morphing into Dick Cheney" on energy issues. Pacific Daily News, 2012:
(August 27, 2012. Election Should Focus On Economy. Pacific Daily News.) In 2012, we find ourselves in a strikingly similar position. Today, trade
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guarantees that these issues will be a top priority in the presidential election. No Link; Obama Can Distance Himself From DoD ActionMendelson, 2010:
(Disclosing "Political" Oversight Of Agency Decision Making. Nina A. Mendelson. Professor Of Law At The University Of Michigan. May 2010) Whether a President is willing to explicitly stand behind an agency decision has varied widely
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EPA’s proposed rule only in response to controversy at a Senate hearing.112 ====Russian Relations Are Dead In The Status Quo; The Reset Has Failed==== Kitazume, 2012:
(Takashi Kitazume. Staff Writer For The Japan Times. September 11, 2012. U.S.-Russia Relations Stagnate As Obama’s ’Reset’ Policy Falters.) Obama will have another chance to seek better ties with Russia if he gets re
AND
not necessarily try very hard" to sustain the relationship, he said. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) It should be emphasized that none of the small reactor designs currently under consideration for
AND
it particularly well suited to taking a leading role in testing small reactors. ====DoD Involvement Radically Transforms The Industry And Creates A New Type of SMR Suited For Military Needs==== Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) On the other hand, DOD may have specific needs (transportability, for instance
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. ====DoD Will Use Its Expertise To Isolate Designs That Are Safe And Meet Its Capabilities==== Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) A second risk is that if small reactors do reach the market without DOD assistance
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out, then it should take a first mover role on small reactors. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: App State | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: McAuliff, 11/9: (Michael McAuliff. Journalist For The Huffington Post. John Boehner: Fiscal Cliff Deal Still Can’t Include New Taxes (UPDATE). 11/09/2012.) House Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio) ...position, Boehner said in a speech Wednesday. Andres and Loudermilk, 2010: (Richard B. Andres is a Senior Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University and a Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College. Micah J. Loudermilk is a researcher at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University. Small Reactors And The Military’s Role In Securing America’s Nuclear Industry. 8/23/2010) Secondly, as the reactors become ... the NRC to take more aggressive action. Studies prove – political capital doesn’t affect policy making. Edwards 09 com/xwiki/wiki/opencaselist/Georgia+State/Floyd-Stewart+Aff#_ftn1||name="_ftnref1" Even presidents who appeared to ....style and effectiveness.136 Mendelson, 2010: (Disclosing “Political” Oversight Of Agency Decision Making. Nina A. Mendelson. Professor Of Law At The University Of Michigan. May 2010) Meanwhile, however, the supervision ... President for those decisions. Weisman, 10/2: (Jonathan Weisman. Journalist For The New York Times. October 2, 2012. Senate Leaders At Work On Plan To Avoid ‘ Fiscal Cliff’) Senate leaders are closing in...tax increases and deep spending cuts. Studies show no correlation between decline and war. Miller 2k2url:http://opencaselist.paperlessdebate.com/xwiki/wiki/opencaselist/Georgia+State/Floyd-Stewart+Aff#_ftn2||name="_ftnref2" Ellipses in original text The question may..to abort another).” |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
No impact to disease Joshua Lederberg 99, professor of genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine, 1999, Epidemic: The World of Infectious Disease, p. 13 The toll of the fourteenth-century plague, the "Black Death," was .. the wake of large-scale ecological upsets. Continued globalization causes terror
Cronin 03 (Audrey Kurth, Senior Associate at the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War “Behind the Curve: Globalization and International Terrorism”, Project MUSE)
The objectives of international terrorism have also changed as a result of globalization. Foreign intrusions and ,...on the U.S.- sponsored modernization and those who support it. Growth leads to development of nanoweapons Zakaria 11 – Economic Consultant at Sageconsulting Sdn Bhd. Malaysia (Ahmad Zaki Zakaria , 09/13/11, “The five generations of warfare,” http://recognitia.blogspot.com/2011/09/five-generations-of-warfare.html) Advances in warfare usually are a....maintaining the status quo. Economic collapse is inevitable because of diminishing returns
Deborah Mackenzie 08 – BBC Correspondant. Quotes Joe Tainter - an archaeologist at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, and author of the 1988 book The Collapse of Complex Societies, and Yaneer Bar-Yam, head of the New England Complex Systems Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts 4/5/2008 (“Are WE doomed?” Ebsco) Every civilisation in history... less bang for your buck. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Daniel, 2011: (Lisa Daniel. Armed Forces Press Service. New Biofuels Market Reduce Foreign Oil Dependence. August 16, 2011) The Navy Department is...call with reporters today. Bartis, 2012: (Promoting International Energy Security. Volume 1, Understanding Potential Air Force Roles. James T. Bartis. RAND Corporation. 2012) As fuel purchasers, neither the....petroleum and natural gas. |
| 11/19/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The Department of Defense should waive Nuclear Regulatory Commission restrictions preventing the development and deployment of military-oriented small modular reactor technology.====The DoD wants Small Modular Reactors on military bases
Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)====
Several Congressional and DOD actors have already indicated an interest in military applications of small
AND
NRC), is now studying options for small nuclear reactors on DOD installations. ====And, the DOE has already laid the groundwork to leverage resources for future projects.====
G.C.C., 2012:
(Green Car Congress. DOE Announces Small Modular Reactor Technology Partnerships At Savannah River Site. March 2, 2012. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html-http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html. Online Newspaper.) The US Energy Department (DOE) and its Savannah River Site (SRS)
AND
development while providing these nuclear companies with the resources to support effective deployment plans ====But, NRC regulations Will Kill SMR Technology, costing vendors millions of dollars and delaying adoption by many years====
Szondy, 2012:
(David Szondy. Writer For Gizmag. Feature: Small Modular Nuclear Reactors- The Future Of Energy. February 16, 2012. http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/)
Indeed, it is in government regulations that the modular reactors face their greatest challenges
AND
technological dreams, or if it falls victim to the bureaucrats’ rule book. ====DoD Can Declare Regulatory Authority Over Mission Critical Nuclear Facilities====
King et al., 2011:
(Feasability Of Nuclear Power ON U.S. Military Installations. Marcus King. LaVar Huntzinger. Thoi Nguyen. Marcus King Is A Research Analyst And Project Director At CAN Corporation’s Center For Naval Analyses. March 2011. http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf-http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf)
The most basic licensing issue relates to whether NRC will have jurisdiction over potential nuclear
AND
that operated aboard the Sturgis barge in the 1960s and 1970s ~44~. ====DoD Action Avoids NRC Bureaucracy While Accelerating The Development Of SMR Technology====
Butler, 2011:
(LtCol Butler is currently assigned to Headquarters, North American Air Defense Command-U.S. Northern Command/J594 (Strategy, Policy, and Plans Directorate), Security Cooperation ntegration Branch. Glen Butler. Lieutenant Colonel. Why The Marine Corps Should Lead The Environmental And Energy Way Forward And How To Do It. March 18, 2011. http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough-http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough)
Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
AND
shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 ====DoD Key; Development Of Military-Oriented SMR Technology==== Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) A second risk is that if small reactors do reach the market without DOD assistance
AND
out, then it should take a first mover role on small reactors. ====Forward Operations Are Increasingly Energy-Dependent. But, Supply Convoys Are Vulnerable And Facing Heavy Casualties. ====
Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
AND
organically and substantially increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles used in forward areas. Other Energy Sources Fail; Only SMR Reduces the Need for Supply Convoys and Maintains Forward MobilityAndres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)
Nevertheless, attempts to solve the current energy use problem with efficiency measures and renewable
AND
make the Corps significantly lighter and more mobile by reducing its logistics tail. ====The U.S. can’t continue to meet forward basing operations needs absent the plan.====
Elwell, 2011:
(Andrew Elwell. Journalist Specializing In Defense Industry News/ Data. Renewable Energy Tech Sought For Forward Operating Bases. 12/01/2011.)
"Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
AND
the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies. Forward Presence Is Key To Preventing Escalation and Deterring Multiple Ongoing Conflict Scenarios; China, North Korea, And Iran.Forbes, 2011:
~Rep. J. Randy Forbes, R-Va., is chairman of the House Armed Services Readiness Subcommittee and founder and co-chairman of the Congressional China Caucus. Puncturing the U.S. Base Myths, The Diplomat, December 02, 2011, http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true-http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true~~
Deterring regional aggression with forward basing has been central to U.S. military
AND
enough to berth a U.S. Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. Whiteneck, 2010:
~Daniel Whiteneck • Michael Price • Neil Jenkins •Peter Swartz, CNA Analysis %26 Solutions, "The Navy at a Tipping Point: Maritime Dominance at Stake?" March, http://www.public.navy.mil/usff/documents/navy_at_tipping_point.pdf~~
Is there a logical "tipping point" that can be numerically assigned? Is
AND
interest with dominant maritime forces, you are at the "tipping point." and prevents escalation globally. Reduced naval power opens the door to new hostility and escalatory crises.====
Friedman, 2007:
~George, PhD, Chief Executive Officer and founder of STRATFOR, "The Limitations and Necessity of Naval Power," April 10, http://www.stratfor.com/limitations_and_necessity_naval_power~~
To be a little more precise, the U.S. Navy can assert
AND
world’s oceans represents the foundation stone of U.S. grand strategy. Kearns, 2011:
(Beyond The United Kingdom: Trends In The Other Nuclear Armed States. Dr. Ian Kearns. Members Of The British American Security Information Council. November 2011.)
First, there has been a major reduction in the global nuclear weapons stockpile since
AND
allow them to be deployed over shorter ranges and for more tactical purposes. China Admitted It’s Cyber Attacking The DoD In The squo. Mutual Misperception Of Hostile Intent Makes Every Sino-U.S. Cyber Attack A Match In The Nuclear Powder Keg Washington Post, 2011:
~August 25, "China’s denials on cyberattacks undercut," lexis~ Viewers of China Central Television got an unusual glimpse last month of that nation’s cyber
AND
network is now like a powder keg ready to go in a flash."
A Successful Cyber Attack Causes Full-Scale U.S. Retaliation and U.S.-China War Gorman and Barnes, 2011:
(Cyber Combat: Act Of War. Siobhan Gorman and Julian E. Barnes. Journalists For The Wall Street Journal. May 30, 2011) The Pentagon has concluded that computer sabotage coming from another country can constitute an act
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its own computer warriors, the equivalent of the American National Security Agency.
Chinese Nationalism, U.S. Alliances, Increasing Militarization, And Territorial Disputes Mean A Small Dispute Could Quickly Escalate Lieven, 2012:
(Anatol Lieven. Professor In The War Studies Department Of King’s College London. June 12, 2012. Avoiding A U.S.-China War.) Relations between the United States and China are on a course that may one day
AND
aloof and seeing its credibility as an ally destroyed, or fighting China.
Independently, Securing The DoD From Cyber Attacks Is Key To Deter Chinese Invasion Of Taiwan. This Draws In The U.S. And Causes U.S.-China War Onley and Wait, 2006:
(Government Computer News. Dawn S. Onley, Patience Wait. Journalists. August 17, 2006. Red Storm Rising.) The PLA’s new information warfare focus illustrates a growing recognition that cyberattacks launched against the
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, to bring matters to a swift conclusion with a minimum of bloodshed. U.S.-China War Causes Multiple Scenarios For Extinction; Sing Along With Me Strait Times, 2000:
(Strait Times, June 25, 2K, Pg. l/n)
The high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating into a full
AND
destruction of civilization. There would be no victors in such a war.
Microgrid Technology Is Key To Secure The DoD Against Cyber Attacks Perera, 2010:
(August 22, 2010. David Perera. Journalist For Fierce Government IT. DoD Preparing Smart Microgrid Technology Demonstration.) Declaring that today’s electrical grid is unacceptably at high risk of extended outages, the
AND
their critical infrastructure, unnecessarily vulnerable to incident, whether deliberate or accidental."
Other Energy Sources Fail; SMRs Are Key To Successful Microgrids Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) In 2008, the Defense Science Board stressed that DOD should mitigate the electrical grid’s
AND
also to provide critical services in surrounding towns during long-term outages. ====Energy Poverty Is The Root Cause Of Tajik Instability. Only Immediate Energy Policy Like The Plan Prevents A Continued Downward Slide Into Mass Chaos==== Robic et al., 2010:
(Understanding Energy Poverty- Case Study: Tajikistan. Slavica Robic, Department of Power Systems At The University Of Zagreb, Marina Olshanskaya. Ratislav Vrbensky. Morvaj, United Nations Development Programme. 2010. Tajikistan suffers from acute case of energy poverty, where people lack both access to
AND
by energy poverty and financial instability is likely to continue for the worse. ====Mass Instability And Energy Shortages Make Complete Political Collapse Of Tajikistan Inevitable In The Status Quo, Leading To Regional Chaos And A Surge In Jihadist Activity==== Maleki, 2009:
(Nima Maleki. Policy Analyst And Consultant, Studying Politics At The European Graduate School. March 5, 2009. The Spread Of Instability In Central Asia: A Look At Tajikistan’s Fragile Governments.)
In 2003, the constitution was amended to extend the presidential term from four to
AND
in activity if freely based within Tajik soil devoid of firm government authority. McGlinchey, 2012:
(Central Asia Grows Wobbly. Eric McGlinchey.Associate Professor Of Government And Politics At George Mason University. October 2012)
A different time horizon, however, does threaten his already weak grip on power
AND
the reaches of the state, is what most threatens Tajikistan’s autocratic regime. Ahrari, 2001:
(Jihadi Groups, Nuclear Pakistan, And The New Great Game. M. Ehsan Ahrari. August 2001. Professor Of National Security And Strategy Of The Joint And Combined Warfighting School At The Armed Forces Staff College.)
In the 19th century, the competition between Britain and Russia for influence in Central
AND
. The stakes of this new "great game" are high indeed. Nichol, 2012:
(Tajikistan: Recent Developments And U.S. Interests. Jim Nichol, Specialist In Russia And Eurasian Affairs At The Congressional Research Service. August 31, 2012.)
According to the Obama Administration, Tajikistan is "a critical partner to military stabilization
AND
a regional transportation, trade, and energy hub linked to Central Asia. Central Asian Conflict Draws In Russia And Goes NuclearMcDermott, 2011:
(Roger McDermott. Senior Fellow In Eurasian Military Studies At The Jamestown Foundation. General Makarov Highlights The "Risk" Of Nuclear Conflict. December 6, 2011)
In the current election season the Russian media has speculated that the Defense Minister Anatoliy
AND
with a network-centric adversary capable of rapidly exploiting its conventional weaknesses. Loudermilk, 2011:
(Micah Loudermilk. May 31, 2011. Small Nuclear Reactors And U.S. Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, And Costs. http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375. Contributor Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University) Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-scale
AND
industry and will work to solidify long-term support for nuclear energy. E.P.I., 2010:
(Energy Policy Institute. Economic And Employment Impacts Of Small Modular Reactors. June 2010. http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/EPI_SMR_ReportJune2010.pdf-http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/EPI_SMR_ReportJune2010.pdf) SMRs are also capable of facilitating improved matching between plant capacity and grid capacity in
AND
providing electric power to these areas with small or limited electrical grid infrastructures. ====Multiple International Agreements Give Developing Countries Like Tajikistan The Ability To Acquire Alternative Energy ==== Holm and Arch, 2005:
(Renewable Energy Future In The Developing World. International Solar Energy Society. Dieter Holm. D. Arch. 2005.) Developing countries enjoy unique policy opportunities of using the Kyoto Protocol and the growing global
AND
to become a major driver of change towards renewable energy and energy efficiency. |
| 01/23/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The Department of Defense should waive Nuclear Regulatory Commission restrictions preventing the development and deployment of military-oriented small modular reactor technology.====The DoD wants Small Modular Reactors on military bases
Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)====
Several Congressional and DOD actors have already indicated an interest in military applications of small
AND
NRC), is now studying options for small nuclear reactors on DOD installations. ====And, the DOE has already laid the groundwork to leverage resources for future projects.====
G.C.C., 2012:
(Green Car Congress. DOE Announces Small Modular Reactor Technology Partnerships At Savannah River Site. March 2, 2012. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html-http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html. Online Newspaper.) The US Energy Department (DOE) and its Savannah River Site (SRS)
AND
development while providing these nuclear companies with the resources to support effective deployment plans ====But, NRC regulations Will Kill SMR Technology, costing vendors millions of dollars and delaying adoption by many years====
Szondy, 2012:
(David Szondy. Writer For Gizmag. Feature: Small Modular Nuclear Reactors- The Future Of Energy. February 16, 2012. http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/)
Indeed, it is in government regulations that the modular reactors face their greatest challenges
AND
technological dreams, or if it falls victim to the bureaucrats’ rule book. ====DoD Can Declare Regulatory Authority Over Mission Critical Nuclear Facilities====
King et al., 2011:
(Feasability Of Nuclear Power ON U.S. Military Installations. Marcus King. LaVar Huntzinger. Thoi Nguyen. Marcus King Is A Research Analyst And Project Director At CAN Corporation’s Center For Naval Analyses. March 2011. http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf-http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf)
The most basic licensing issue relates to whether NRC will have jurisdiction over potential nuclear
AND
that operated aboard the Sturgis barge in the 1960s and 1970s ~[44~]. ====DoD Action Avoids NRC Bureaucracy While Accelerating The Development Of SMR Technology====
Butler, 2011:
(LtCol Butler is currently assigned to Headquarters, North American Air Defense Command-U.S. Northern Command/J594 (Strategy, Policy, and Plans Directorate), Security Cooperation ntegration Branch. Glen Butler. Lieutenant Colonel. Why The Marine Corps Should Lead The Environmental And Energy Way Forward And How To Do It. March 18, 2011. http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough-http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough)
Fifth, the cumbersome, bureaucratic certification process of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC
AND
shorten the process to a reasonable level for Marine and naval installations.35 ====DoD Key; Development Of Military-Oriented SMR Technology==== Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011) A second risk is that if small reactors do reach the market without DOD assistance
AND
out, then it should take a first mover role on small reactors. ====Forward Operations Are Increasingly Energy-Dependent. But, Supply Convoys Are Vulnerable And Facing Heavy Casualties. ====
Andres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)
Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
AND
organically and substantially increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles used in forward areas. Other Energy Sources Fail; Only SMR Reduces the Need for Supply Convoys and Maintains Forward MobilityAndres and Breetz, 2011:
(Small Nuclear Reactors For Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, Technological Implications. Richard B. Andres Is A Professor National Security Strategy AT The National War College. Hanna L. Breetz Is A Doctoral Candidate In The Department Of Political Science At M.I.T. February 2011)
Nevertheless, attempts to solve the current energy use problem with efficiency measures and renewable
AND
make the Corps significantly lighter and more mobile by reducing its logistics tail. ====The U.S. can’t continue to meet forward basing operations needs absent the plan.====
Elwell, 2011:
(Andrew Elwell. Journalist Specializing In Defense Industry News/ Data. Renewable Energy Tech Sought For Forward Operating Bases. 12/01/2011.)
"Military operations are a fairly energy-intense undertaking, and energy security is
AND
the desire, nay necessity, to reduce dependence on fossil fuel intensifies. Forward Presence Is Key To Preventing Escalation and Deterring Multiple Ongoing Conflict Scenarios; China, North Korea, And Iran.Forbes, 2011:
~[Rep. J. Randy Forbes, R-Va., is chairman of the House Armed Services Readiness Subcommittee and founder and co-chairman of the Congressional China Caucus. Puncturing the U.S. Base Myths, The Diplomat, December 02, 2011, http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true-http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/02/puncturing-the-u-s-base-myths/?all=true~]
Deterring regional aggression with forward basing has been central to U.S. military
AND
enough to berth a U.S. Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. Whiteneck, 2010:
~[Daniel Whiteneck • Michael Price • Neil Jenkins •Peter Swartz, CNA Analysis %26 Solutions, "The Navy at a Tipping Point: Maritime Dominance at Stake?" March, http://www.public.navy.mil/usff/documents/navy_at_tipping_point.pdf~~]
Is there a logical "tipping point" that can be numerically assigned? Is
AND
interest with dominant maritime forces, you are at the "tipping point." and prevents escalation globally. Reduced naval power opens the door to new hostility and escalatory crises.====
Friedman, 2007:
~[George, PhD, Chief Executive Officer and founder of STRATFOR, "The Limitations and Necessity of Naval Power," April 10, http://www.stratfor.com/limitations_and_necessity_naval_power~~]
To be a little more precise, the U.S. Navy can assert
AND
world’s oceans represents the foundation stone of U.S. grand strategy. Kearns, 2011:
(Beyond The United Kingdom: Trends In The Other Nuclear Armed States. Dr. Ian Kearns. Members Of The British American Security Information Council. November 2011.)
First, there has been a major reduction in the global nuclear weapons stockpile since
AND
allow them to be deployed over shorter ranges and for more tactical purposes. ====Energy Poverty Is The Root Cause Of Tajik Instability. Only Immediate Energy Policy Like The Plan Prevents A Continued Downward Slide Into Mass Chaos==== Robic et al., 2010:
(Understanding Energy Poverty- Case Study: Tajikistan. Slavica Robic, Department of Power Systems At The University Of Zagreb, Marina Olshanskaya. Ratislav Vrbensky. Morvaj, United Nations Development Programme. 2010. Tajikistan suffers from acute case of energy poverty, where people lack both access to
AND
by energy poverty and financial instability is likely to continue for the worse. ====Mass Instability And Energy Shortages Make Complete Political Collapse Of Tajikistan Inevitable In The Status Quo, Leading To Regional Chaos And A Surge In Jihadist Activity==== Maleki, 2009:
(Nima Maleki. Policy Analyst And Consultant, Studying Politics At The European Graduate School. March 5, 2009. The Spread Of Instability In Central Asia: A Look At Tajikistan’s Fragile Governments.)
In 2003, the constitution was amended to extend the presidential term from four to
AND
in activity if freely based within Tajik soil devoid of firm government authority. McGlinchey, 2012:
(Central Asia Grows Wobbly. Eric McGlinchey.Associate Professor Of Government And Politics At George Mason University. October 2012)
A different time horizon, however, does threaten his already weak grip on power
AND
the reaches of the state, is what most threatens Tajikistan’s autocratic regime. Ahrari, 2001:
(Jihadi Groups, Nuclear Pakistan, And The New Great Game. M. Ehsan Ahrari. August 2001. Professor Of National Security And Strategy Of The Joint And Combined Warfighting School At The Armed Forces Staff College.)
In the 19th century, the competition between Britain and Russia for influence in Central
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. The stakes of this new "great game" are high indeed. Nichol, 2012:
(Tajikistan: Recent Developments And U.S. Interests. Jim Nichol, Specialist In Russia And Eurasian Affairs At The Congressional Research Service. August 31, 2012.)
According to the Obama Administration, Tajikistan is "a critical partner to military stabilization
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a regional transportation, trade, and energy hub linked to Central Asia. Central Asian Conflict Draws In Russia And Goes NuclearMcDermott, 2011:
(Roger McDermott. Senior Fellow In Eurasian Military Studies At The Jamestown Foundation. General Makarov Highlights The "Risk" Of Nuclear Conflict. December 6, 2011)
In the current election season the Russian media has speculated that the Defense Minister Anatoliy
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with a network-centric adversary capable of rapidly exploiting its conventional weaknesses. Loudermilk, 2011:
(Micah Loudermilk. May 31, 2011. Small Nuclear Reactors And U.S. Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, And Costs. http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375. Contributor Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University) Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-scale
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industry and will work to solidify long-term support for nuclear energy. E.P.I., 2010:
(Energy Policy Institute. Economic And Employment Impacts Of Small Modular Reactors. June 2010. http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/EPI_SMR_ReportJune2010.pdf-http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/EPI_SMR_ReportJune2010.pdf) SMRs are also capable of facilitating improved matching between plant capacity and grid capacity in
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providing electric power to these areas with small or limited electrical grid infrastructures. ====Multiple International Agreements Give Developing Countries Like Tajikistan The Ability To Acquire Alternative Energy ==== Holm and Arch, 2005:
(Renewable Energy Future In The Developing World. International Solar Energy Society. Dieter Holm. D. Arch. 2005.) Developing countries enjoy unique policy opportunities of using the Kyoto Protocol and the growing global
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to become a major driver of change towards renewable energy and energy efficiency. Water Shortages Across The Globe Are Inevitable In The Status Quo And Will Cause Conflict In Multiple WaysU.P.I., 2012:
(U.P.I. Report: Water Likely To Cause Conflicts. March 23, 2012.) Water problems, including water shortages, poor water quality and floods, during the
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the Coca-Cola Company, Procter and Gamble and the Rockefeller Foundation. Weiner, 1990:
(Jonathan Weiner ~[Visiting Professor at Princeton~], The next 100 years 270) If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H-
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of the 60,000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity. Dirty Water Is The Biggest Impact, Killing More Than War And All Other ViolenceA.F.P., 2010:
AFP 10. UN: More deaths from unsafe water than from war, AFP, March 23, 2010, http://mg.co.za/article/2010-03-23-un-more-deaths-from-unsafe-water-than-war/-http://mg.co.za/article/2010-03-23-un-more-deaths-from-unsafe-water-than-war/ More people die from unsafe water than from all forms of violence, including war
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become scarce and would be even scarcer as a result of climate change. Pfeffer and Macon, 2001:
Pfeffer %26 Macon 01. Robert A. Pfeffer ~[physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency; M.S., physics, Johns Hopkins University~] and William A. Macon, Jr. ~[project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; M.S., nuclear engineering, RPI~], Nuclear Power: An option for the Army’s Future, Army Logistician, September/October 2001, http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm-http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm The idea of using nuclear power to produce synthetic fuels, originally proposed in 1963
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indigenous populations, and to U.S. deployed forces if necessary. Space militarization is already happening. A global scramble for dominance is the most dangerous scenario, leading to global war and making conflict escalation inevitable.Morini, 2012:
(Daryl Morini. Ph.D Candidate At The University Of Queensland. The Coming U.S.-China Space Race. August 15, 2012.)
China and the U.S. are also assuming increasingly competitive stances on the
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now in full swing, and the race to prevent it is stalling. Foust, 2012:
(Jeff Foust, Editor And Publisher Of The Space Review. Review: Asia’s Space Race. January 3, 2012.)
This emerging competition is the focus of the new book Asia’s Space Race by James
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orbital debris from anti-satellite weapons, could affect all spacefaring nations. Hitchens, 2002:
(Theresa Hitchens. Director Of The U.N. Institute For Disarmament Research. US Space Policy: Time To Stop And Think. October-November 2002.)
An arms race in space would threaten international stability. Space weapons have inherent first
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able to maintain its current military edge for a longer period of time. ====Only Aggressive Development Of U.S. Space Deters Capability Deters Conflict and Prevents the Scramble. The DoD must act.====
Quigley, 2009:
(Erik N. Quigley. Major, U.S. Air Force. April 2009. Geo-Political Considerations To China’s Rise In Space Power) Although it is not clear how long the Long War (GWOT) will consume
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funding allocation justified by events such as the recent Chinese ASAT shoot down. U.S. Air Force, 2012:
("Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy S%26T Vision 2011-2026," January 31, http://www.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-120209-060.pdf-http://www.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-120209-060.pdf) Recently, there has been progress in developing large systems for energy generation, including
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plants decrease in size, their utility on board space based assets increases. Morgan, 2010:
(Forest E. Morgan, Senior Political Scientist at RAND, 2010, "Deterrence and first-strike stability in space : a preliminary assessment," http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG916.sum.pdf-http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG916.sum.pdf) Although this assessment focuses specifically on space deterrence and first-strike stability in space
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space deterrence fortifies general deterrence and stability. (See p. 21.) |
