Tournament: Districts | Round: 2 | Opponent: GMU KL | Judge: Lyle
PLAN

The United States federal government should obtain electricity from small modular reactors for military bases in the United States.

CONTENTION 1 IS THE GRID

DoD bases are vulnerable to grid disruptions which destroys command infrastructure – only Small Modular Reactors can solve by getting the military off the civilian grid

Robitaille 12

(George, Department of Army Civilian, United States Army War College, “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?” 21-03-2012, Strategy Research Project)

In recent years, the U.S Department of … associated with building coal or natural gas fired power plants on the environment.

Resulting communication breakdowns go nuclear and destroy military effectiveness

Andres 11

Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf

The DOD interest in small reactors derives … to do so in order to win an ongoing battle or war would be greatly reduced.

Heg solves great power war and dampens all global violence

Brooks et al 13

Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University, William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College, International Security, Winter 2012/2013, "Don’t Come Home, America", MIT Press Journals

Assessing the Security Benefits of Deep … of power away from the United States. This in turn makes it easier to sustain the policy over the long term.

Specifically, China will exploit vulnerabilities to disable our military - causes Taiwan war

Derene 09

(Glenn – Defense Analyst @ Popular Mechanics, “How Vulnerable is U.S. Infrastructure to a Major Cyber Attack?” October 1, 2009, http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military/4307521)

The next world war might not start with a …," Lewis says. "And I don't like that answer."

That goes nuclear

Glaser 11, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs – George Washington University,

(Charles, “Will China’s Rise Lead to War?” Foreign Affairs Vol. 9 Iss. 2, March/April)

THE PROSPECTS for avoiding intense … U.S. motives, leading to further Chinese military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

China will use the military option on Taiwan

Lee 11

Sheryn, project officer with the joint Australian National University-Lowy Institute for International Policy 'Languages of Security in the Asia-Pacific' project, and a research assistant at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, ANU. Sheryn also contributes research assistance on East Asian international relations, specifically on Japan, for Professor Alastair Iain Johnston (Department of Government, Harvard University), and is currently authoring a chapter on China-Taiwan relations for the Routledge international handbook, East and Southeast Asia: International Relations and Security Perspectives. In 2011 she was the inaugural Robert O'Neill scholar to the International Institute for Strategic Studies in Singapore, and author of the ANU Strategic and Defence Studies Centre's Singapore Diaries blog. She is a T.B. Millar Scholar and masters student in Strategy and Defence at the ANU.

http://www.securitychallenges.org.au/ArticlePDFs/vol7no1Lee.pdf

Barriers to Rapprochement Despite increased … psychological as much as they are political and military.

Military security is essential for cross-strait deterrence-attacks on the electrical grid ensure Chinese aggression

Hjortdal 11

Magnus, China's Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence, Centre for Military Studies, University of Copenhagen.

http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101andcontext=jss

China's military strategy mentions cyber … for Germany but for critical infrastructure worldwide."

SMR’s “island” bases by providing constant reliable power - means the military will be insulated from the civilian grid

King 11

Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

Having a reliable source of electricity is … that critical services such as emergency response, waste water treatment, and hospitals could be maintained.

Deterrence by denial solves

Elliot 11

(David, PhD in high energy nuclear physics from Cal Tech, awarded Department of the Army Outstanding Civilian Service Medal, affiliate of the Center for International Security and Cooperation and was director of its Consortium for Research on Information Security and Policy @ Stanford, “Deterring Strategic Cyberattack” October 2011, IEEE Security and Privacy, Vol. 9 no. 5, page(s) 36-40)

Defense against a major nuclear attack has never … to the smart grid is a case in point.)

No regulatory or safety barriers

Loudermilk 11

Micah J. Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 5/31/11, Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs, www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375

Path forward: Department of Defense as … and eventually lead to their wide-scale adoption.

DOD facilities in Alaska vulnerable to grid disruptions—climate and geography

Warwick , 10

(Engineer and Researcher- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Renewable Resource Development on Department of Defense Bases in Alaska:  Challenges and Opportunities, September,  http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-19742.pdf)

Alaska Military Facilities There are seven … reliability reserves or ancillary services, which are typically required in wholesale wheeling transactions.

No defense applies—federal laws exclude Alaska from traditional grid-protection

Magnuson, 12

(September, Columnist-National Defense Magazine, Feds Fear Coordinated Physical, Cyber-Attacks on Electrical Grids,

http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2012/september/Pages/FedsFearCoordinatedPhysical,Cyber-AttacksonElectricalGrids.aspx)

Electrical grids in the United States are … systems — the risk of attacks using both cyber and physical means.”

SMRs on Alaskan bases solve

Holdmann, 11

(Director of Alaska Center for Energy and Power-University of Alaska Fairbanks, “Small Scale Modular Nuclear Power: an option for Alaska,” http://www.uaf.edu/files/acep/Executive-Summary-3-2-11.pdf)

Executive Summary Alaska is home to some of … operations, and other industrial users.

Alaskan bases vital to prevent Arctic conflict escalation

Schanz, 8

(Associate Editor-Airforce Magazine, “Strategic Alaska,” http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2008/November%202008/1108alaska.aspx)

Billy Mitchell saw its great potential in 1935, … of new Arctic transnational issues.

Strengthening Alaskan bases the key internal link to stopping all-out Arctic war

Dowd, 11

(MA-Indiana University, Senior Fellow of the Fraser Institute, “The Big Chill: Energy Needs Fueling Tensions in the Arctic,” https://www.fraserinstitute.org/research-news/news/display.aspx?id=2147483979)

One reason a military presence will be … resolve in the Arctic is not to trigger a military confrontation, but to prevent one.

High Probability

Woodruff 12/21/12

Isaac Woodruff, Historical Contributor at Political Rationale, December 21, 2012, " Ice, Oil, and Missiles: The Arctic Recession", http://politicalrationale.com/?p=828andpage=2

The land bound and resource-rich empires of Russia … can upturn at any moment our long enjoyed peace in the arctic.

Goes nuclear

Wallace, 10

(Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia, March, “Ridding the Arctic of Nuclear Weapons A Task Long Overdue”, http://www.arcticsecurity.org/docs/arctic-nuclear-report-web.pdf)

The fact is, the Arctic is becoming a zone of …/economic significance of the Arctic because of climate change.”

CONTENTION 2 IS WATER

Water scarcity coming now - it's a threat multiplier that enflames hotspots globally. Specifically, Africa and Central Asia - their defense isn't predictive

Dinar et al 10/18/12

SHLOMI DINAR is associate professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations and associate director of the School of International and Public Affairs at Florida International University. LUCIA DE STEFANO is associate professor at Complutense University of Madrid and researcher at the Water Observatory of the Botín Foundation. JAMES DUNCAN is consultant on natural resource governance and geography with the World Bank. KERSTIN STAHL is senior scientist at the Institute of Hydrology in the University of Freiburg. KENNETH M. STRZEPEK is research scientist with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. AARON T. WOLF is a professor of geography in the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, Foreign Affairs, October 18, 2012, "No Wars for Water", http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138208/shlomi-dinar-lucia-de-stefano-james-duncan-kerstin-stahl-kenneth/no-wars-for-water?page=show

In short, predictions of a Water World War are … only further frustrate stability efforts in the world's volatile regions.

Goes nuclear

Weiner ‘90

(Jonathan, Visiting Professor of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. The Next One Hundred Years: Shaping the Fate of Our Living Earth, p. 214)

If we do not destroy ourselves with the … the world has stockpiled since Trinity.

Specifically, African war escalates

Glick 7

 Caroline Glick 7, deputy managing editor of The Jerusalem Post, Senior Fellow for Middle East Affairs of the Center for Security Policy, “Condi's African holiday”, December 11, http://www.rightsidenews.com/20071211309/editorial/us-opinion-and-editorial/our-world-condis-african-holiday.html

The Horn of Africa is a dangerous and … between competing regional actors and global powers.

Central Asia goes nuclear

Blank 2k Stephen J. - Expert on the Soviet Bloc for the Strategic Studies Institute, “American Grand Strategy and the Transcaspian Region”, World Affairs. 9-22

Thus many structural conditions for conventional …neither has willing proxies capable of settling the situation.(77)

Only SMR’s solve

IAEA 7, “Economics of Nuclear Desalination: New Developments and Site Specific Studies”, July, http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1561_web.pdf

Seventy percent of the planet is covered … double these figures.¶ These could naturally be avoided through the use of nuclear energy.

It’s economically viable

Gamini Seneviratne 7, Nuclear News’s Vienna Correspondent, “Research projects show nuclear

desalination economical”, April, http://www.ans.org/pubs/magazines/nn/docs/2007-4-3.pdf

The desalination of seawater using …remain higher than $150/toe metric tons oil equivalent or $21/bbl barrel.”

Plan accesses a huge export market

Rosner and Goldberg 11

Robert Rosner, Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, November 2011, SMALL MODULAR REACTORS –KEY TO FUTURE NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION IN THE U.S., https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdf

Previous studies have documented the … be step toward a U.S.-centric, bundled reliable fuel services.

CONTENTION 3 IS SOLVENCY

DoD acquisition of SMR’s ensures rapid military adoption, commercialization, and U.S. leadership

Andres and Breetz 11

Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of … on nuclear reactor reliability, performance, and proliferation resistance.

DoD installations key – market pull

Jeffrey Marqusee 12, Executive Director of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) at the Department of Defense, “Military Installations and Energy Technology Innovation”, March, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Energy%20Innovation%20at%20DoD.pdf

The key reason that DoD cannot passively …where microgrids and their relationship to energy storage and electric vehicles reside.

Plan reduces costs and spur unique commercial spillover

Fitzpatrick, Freed and Eyoan, 11

Ryan Fitzpatrick, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy at Third Way, Josh Freed, Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way, and Mieke Eoyan, Director for National Security at Third Way, June 2011, Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance CleanEnergy Technology... And Why It Has To, content.thirdway.org/publications/414/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdf

The DoD has over $400 billion in annual … sectors dozens of times before. For its own sake and the sake of the economy, it should make clean energy innovation its newest priority.

SMR’s are super cost-effective and safe

Ioannis N. Kessides and Vladimir Kuznetsov 12, Ioannis is a researcher for the Development Research Group at the World Bank, Vladimir is a consultant for the World Bank, “Small Modular Reactors for Enhancing Energy Security in Developing Countries”, August 14, Sustainability 2012, 4(8), 1806-1832

SMRs offer a number of advantages …of SMRs challenges the widely held belief that nuclear reactors are characterized by significant economies of scale 19.

DoD key - expertise

Armond Cohen 12, Executive Director of the Clean Air Task Force, “DoD: A Model for Energy Innovation?”, May 29, http://www.catf.us/blogs/ahead/2012/05/29/dod-a-model-for-energy-innovation/

Unlike most other agencies, including the … fuels other than anything resembling current generation biofuels.

DOE funding triggers disads

Kock 11/27/12

Wendy Koch, USA Today, November 27, 2012, "Nuclear industry looks toward smaller reactors", http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/11/26/nuclear-small-modular-reactors/1727001/

These small modular reactors (SMRs), about a … small modular reactors

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