Tournament: Liberty University  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The plan fails – it only encourages increased productionismZehner 12

Green illusions,

Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. His recent publications include public science pieces in Christian Science Monitor, The American Scholar, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, The Humanist, The Futurist, and Women’s Studies Quarterly.

Zehner primarily researches the social, political and economic conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes. His work also incorporates symbolic roles that energy technologies play within political and environmental movements. His other research interests include consumerism, urban policy, environmental governance, international human rights, and forgeries.

Zehner attended Kettering University (BS -Engineering) and The University of Amsterdam (MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies). His research was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco.

If we were gunslingers… aren't free at all—they're enormously expensive.

That proves that only manufacturing elites will get the benefits of cheap gas while marginalized communities are stuck cause they cant afford it for fuel -~-- that strux violence outweighs and turns the case

Nixon ’11 (Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 2-3)

Three primary concerns … increasingly but gradually degraded.

AND Fighting for incremental change is suicidal in the context of energy system – our discursive position must prioritize SOCIAL ANALYSIS above PRAGMATISM

Byrne and Toly 6

http:~/~/seedconsortium.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/45925604/Byrne_pdf

Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware, the Center is a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy. CEEP is led by Dr. John Byrne, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University. For his contributions to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 1992, he shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors.

Democratic Authoritarian …, leave modernism undisturbed (except, perhaps, for its environmental performance).

Plan is mutually exclusive -~-- the plan kills renewables and clean tech

Harris 12

Richard Harris, Staff Writer, NPR, February 2, 2012, "Could Cheap Gas Slow Growth Of Renewable Energy?", http://www.npr.org/2012/02/02/146297284/could-cheap-gas-slow-growth-of-renewable-energy

The boom in cheap … expansion of those technologies more chancy," Jacoby says.

commons-based energy utility design conceptually DEMANDS rejecting production ideology – ANY LINK dooms the perm

Byrne et al 9

http:~/~/bst.sagepub.com/content/29/2/81.pdf+html__

Paradigm Shift … a community trust to achieve the goal of postmodern energy sustainability.

Fracking is a neoliberal method of extraction that makes life-giving resources that are negatively impacted by the process into commodities of exchange—their frame of reference is representationally unsound.

Finewood and Stroup ’12 (Michael, Assistant Professor of Sustainability at Chatham University’s School of Sustainability and the Environment in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His research interests include environmental health, economic development, and environmental justice with a focus on the political ecology of the global north. In addition to natural gas research in Pennsylvania and New York, he has worked on issues related to sustainability, amenity migration, and sea level rise in South Carolina and Virginia, and Laura, Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies at St. Michael’s College in Colchester, VT. Her specializations include water resources and their management in the U.S., physical geography, and environmental policy. Previous research projects examined the ways community greenways can be used as tools for students to better understand human-environment interactions and how diverse water managers and stakeholders across the U.S. adapt their water management practices to climate variability and change, “Fracking and the Neoliberalization of the Hydro-Social Cycle in Pennsylvania’s Marcellus Shale,” Universities Council on Water Resources Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education Issue 147, Pages 72-79, March 2012, http://www.ucowr.org/updates/147/147_ALL.pdf#page=76, AM)

In the remainder of this … then no longer be quantifiable in a global energy market.

Resource curse DA—energy wealth destroys the agricultural and manufacturing sectors—also causes under-development and foreign capital flight.

Zalik ‘8 (Anna, teaches in the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University in Toronto. She can be reached at azalikatyorku.ca. Her research concerns the merging of industrial security and development aid interventions in sites of petroleum extraction and social resistance to extractive capital. This article draws from ongoing work in Mexico and Nigeria and was presented in an earlier form at the conference “Dangerous Trade: Histories of Industrial Capital in a Globalizing World,” at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in December 2007. The author thanks the Ciriacy-Wantrup Fellowship program at the University of California at Berkeley for its support to this research, Rory Cox for helpful comments, Sergio Chavez for his support and collaboration on this work in Baja California, and Fernando Rouax for research assistance. “Liquefied Natural Gas and Fossil Capitalism,” http://monthlyreview.org/2008/11/01/liquefied-natural-gas-and-fossil-capitalism, AM)

Although the term “…as ecological imperialism.7

global nuclear conflict

Xie et al in ‘6 (Wenyu, Prof. Phil. @ Shandong U., Zhihe Wang, Prof. @ School of Phil. And Soc. Sci. @ Beijing Normal U., and George E. Derfer,

School of Philosophy and the Social Sciences, and George E. Derfer, Prof. Emeritus @ Cal. Poly. Pomona, “Whitehead and China: Relevance and Relationship”, p. 28, Google Print)

The threats posed by … makes for a very volatile mixture.

Fighting for incremental change is suicidal in the context of energy system – we must shift the frame

Byrne and Toly 6

http:~/~/seedconsortium.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/45925604/Byrne_pdf

Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware, the Center is a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy. CEEP is led by Dr. John Byrne, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University. For his contributions to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 1992, he shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors.

Democratic Authoritarian Impulses and Uncritical Capitalist Assumptions When measured in social and political-…, leave modernism undisturbed (except, perhaps, for its environmental performance).

Cap’s unsustainable – militarism, ecology, unemployment, financialization.  Past fixes won’t work because FINANCIALIZATION usurped PRODUCTION

Meszaros 12

http:~/~/monthlyreview.org/2012/03/01/org/2012/03/01/structural-crisis-needs-structural-change

István Mészáros (born December 19, 1930) is a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Sussex. He held the Chair of Philosophy at Sussex for fifteen years and was earlier Professor of Philosophy and Social Science for four years at York University.

For a start, to talk … environment with its mass-produced waste and effluence.8

US debt makes the system unsustainable

Meszaros 12

http:~/~/monthlyreview.org/2012/03/01/org/2012/03/01/structural-crisis-needs-structural-change

István Mészáros (born December 19, 1930) is a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Sussex. He held the Chair of Philosophy at Sussex for fifteen years and was earlier Professor of Philosophy and Social Science for four years at York University.

Let me start by … “dramatically underlined the intensification of the global structural crisis of capital.”

Eurozone breakup dooms neoliberalism – only alternative can smooth the transition

Amin September 12

http:~/~/monthlyreview.org/2012/09/01/org/2012/09/01/implosion-of-the-european-system

Samir Amin was born in Cairo, the son of an Egyptian father and a French mother (both medical doctors). He spent his childhood and youth in Port Said; there he attended a French High School, leaving in 1947 with a Baccalauréat. From 1947 to 1957 he studied in Paris, gaining a diploma in political science (1952) before graduating in statistics (1956) and economics (1957).. In 1980 Amin left the IDEP and became a director of the Third World Forum in Dakar.

But it must be recognized that this first move will clash with the euro’s … involve every society on the planet, in the North as well as in the South.

Neoliberalism, NOT ENERGY, is the underlying driver of global and Mideast conflict

Smith 8

PhD Johns Hopkins 1982; Dist Prof) Political economy, urban social theory, space, nature-culture, history and theory of geography (nsmith@gc.cuny.edu) Prof. SmithNeil Smith was trained as a geographer and his research explores the broad intersection between space, nature, social theory and history. He teaches in urban anthropology, cultural anthropology and environmental anthropology, and directs the Center for Place Culture and Politics. His environmental work is largely theoretical, focusing on questions of the production of nature. His urban interests include long term research on gentrification, including empirical work in North America and Europe and a series of theoretical papers emphasizing the importance of patterns of investment and disinvestment in the the real estate market. He also writes more broadly on New York City, focusing especially on the "revanchist city" which has filled the vacuum left in the wake of liberal urban theory.

The point is not that geopolitics is somehow obsolete—one look at … powerful state intervention, up to and including bank nationalization, was required to deal with the crisis, completely contradicts the dogmas of neoliberalism

Middle East instability escalates
Primakov, 9 September, Yevgeny, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation; Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences; member of the Editorial Board of Russia in Global Affairs. This article is based on the scientific report for which the author was awarded the Lomonosov Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2008, “The Middle East Problem in the Context of International Relations”

The Middle East conflict is unparalleled in terms of its potential for … for the region and beyond. It seems that President Obama’s position does not completely rule out such a possibility.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Their representations of warming causes violent conflicts and turns the case

Brzoska 8

(Michael, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg “The securitization of climate change and the power of conceptions of Security” 5/26/08 http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p253887_index.html)

In the literature on securitization it is implied that when a problem is securitized it is difficult to limit this to an increase in attention and … of conflict from turning violent.

Turns warming – their consumption and neoliberalism makes it worse and causes extinction

Yixian ‘6(Writer for Guerilla News Network, Our Greatest Gift, Our Most Terrible Curse, http:~/~/yixian.gnn.tv/http://yixian.gnn.tv/)

But its application has been found to be …. human history;down one path, destruction, down the other, survival.

This is the most important internal link to warming - they use bad data

Howarth et al 12

Robert, Drew Shindell, Renee Santoro, Anthony Ingraffea, Nathan Phillips, Amy Townsend-Small, “Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Systems,” http:~/~/www.eeb.cornell.edu/howarth/Howarth%20et%20al.%20~-~-20National%20Climate%20Assessment.pdf

The past few years have seen major changes …. most of the estimates in Table 3 are likely to be too low.

The EPA did a life-cycle study - they don't

McDermott 11

Mat McDermott, staff writer, Tree Hugger, April 11, 2011, "Natural Gas From Fracking Emissions Can Double Those From Coal", http://www.treehugger.com/fossil-fuels/natural-gas-from-fracking-emissions-can-double-those-from-coal.html

The other study from .. source of energy.

More on the Cornell study

Lovett 11

Richard Lovett, staff writer, Nature, April 15, 2011, "Natural gas greenhouse emissions study draws fire", http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110415/full/news.2011.242.html

In the calculus of global … during this process. And methane is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.

At worst it means the aff can’t solve

Harvey 5/29/12

http:~/~/www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/may/29/uk/environment/2012/may/29/shale-gas-coal-climate-investor

Guardian environment correspondent

Using shale gas instead …in terms of global warming.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their authors ignore scope - no way they solve a recession
Meyer 12
Gregory Meyer, Staff Writer, Financial Times, April 13, 2012, "Shale gas unlikely to reignite US economy", http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/50c5460a-856d-11e1-a75a-00144feab49a.html#axzz22AeCU0Th

This week, the price of a …..in, there’s reason to believe they won’t be close to the department’s current 3bn cu ft per day growth forecast.

War is impossible in an economic collapse—no resources
Bennet and Nordstrom 2k (February, “Foreign Policy Substitutability and
Internal Economic Problems in Enduring Rivalries, D. SCOTT BENNETT, TIMOTHY NORDSTROM
Department of Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, journal of conflict resolution p 33-61
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andq=cache:tsIZFHLFBGUJ:intl-jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/44/1/33+%22Blainey+offers+the+alternative+hypothesis%22)
Blainey offers the ..…, however, that its prediction (weak states become targets) differs from a strategic application of diversionary conflict theory.

Economic decline doesn’t cause war
Miller 2k
(Morris Miller, economist, adjunct professor in the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Administration, consultant on international development issues, former Executive Director and Senior Economist at the World Bank, Winter 2000, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, Iss. 4, “Poverty as a cause of wars?” p. Proquest)

The question may be reformulated. Do ..…(thereby using one form of violence to abort another).

K Link turns the economy—neoliberal accumulation strategies destroy the foundation of economic growth and cause political blowback and kills competitiveness
de Graaff and van Apeldoorn ’10 (Nana, and Bastian, both from VU University in Amsterdam, “Varieties of US Post-Cold War Imperialism: Anatomy of a Failed Hegemonic Project and the Future of US Geopolitics,”  Critical Sociology 37(4) 403– 427, AM)
However, as the 20th century came to a close the contradictions and limits of the neoliberal globalization project became increasingly manifest. In particular we identify the ….. crisis, we argue, that enabled the rise of an alternative hegemonic project. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Coal production is extraction of coal from coal mines
EIA, US Energy Information Administration, no date
(“Glossary,” http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm)

Coal production:  The sum of sales, mine consumption, issues to .. at mines or associated reparation plants.

Precision—technical distinctions are crucial in energy production debates
Brown, judge – Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, ‘59
(John R., “CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY, Petitioner, v. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION,” Dissenting Opinion, 266 F.2d 208; 1959 U.S. App. LEXIS 5196; 10 Oil and Gas Rep. 601)

 In my judgment the Court by this opinion engages …sales' … very same sentence 1 of the Act which imposes this positive prohibition. 

Only our interpretation gives meaning to the phrase “energy production”—it’s about producing energy assets
Noyes, non-profit and local government consultant in Wilmington, DE, contributor – Daily Kos, 12/8/’5
(Tommy, “Economics and the Environment, Part 1: What Happens When We Light a Fire,” http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/12/08/170460/~-~-Economics-and-the-Environment-Part-1-What-Happens-When-We-Light-a-Fire)

If we wish to be precise, we wouldn't use … off to the lumber mill.

Limits—their interpretation allows affs that impact the entire energy sector
Sagar, PhD materials science, Oliver, PhD engineering, and Chikkatur, PhD physics, ‘5
(Ambuj, Hongyan, and Ananth, all three are research fellows – Kennedy School of Govt @ Harvard, 7 Vt. J. Envtl. L. 1)

The energy sector encompasses activities …, etc. Energy end-use encompasses the final use of energy forms in industrial, residential, commercial, transportation and other end-uses.

Government definitions agree and obviously guide research
EIA, US Energy Information Administration, ‘8
(Annual Energy Review, 2008, p. 344)

Note 1. World Primary Energy Production. World primary … considered integral parts of the station. 

Most precise in every way
Cire 76
Associate Justice , majority opinion
Court of Civil Appeals of Texas, Fourteenth District, Houston  537 S.W.2d 135; 1976 Tex. App. LEXIS 2774; 55 Oil and Gas Rep. 219   May 12, 1976
Monsanto Company, Appellant v. Harry F. Tyrrell et al., Appellees No. 1397

 This contention is based on the proposition that HN1Go to …, .. production" for the plain term "production" used in the instrument. 

They include any economic activity related to energy
Tacoa-Vielma, counsellor – Trade in Services Division @ WTO, ‘3
(Jasmin, “ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES: Negotiating Objectives and Development Priorities,” unctad.org/en/docs/ditctncd20033_en.pdf)

Another perceived deficiency relates to the fact that a … not be equated to a guarantee of complete coverage by GATS commitments.

Their interpretation allows pre- and post-production processes—explodes the topic
Bibikos, litigation associate – KandL Gates, LLP, and King, litigation partner – KandL Gates, LLP, 6/4/’9
(George and Jeff, http://tjogel.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/King_Final.pdf)

Production means oil or gas has been severed from the … of the wellhead). This includes gathering, dehydrating, compressing,61 processing, and transporting natural gas to market.62 

Their interpretation mixes burdens by requiring markets for the energy—only acquisition of energy is unambiguous
Pointevant 3
 Edward B. Poitevent, II serves as counsel in the Houston office of King and Spalding LLP and is a member of the firm's Global Projects Practice Group. His practice focuses on energy/mineral law, natural resources, and real estate law. Mr. Poitevent is the author of numerous publications and has spoken in the past on many topics of interest to the oil and gas industry. Mr. Poitevent currently serves as the Louisiana Reporter for Mineral Law Newsletter (Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation), is a Contributing Editor to International Energy Law and Taxation Review, and is the current editor of the chapter entitled "Outer Continental Shelf Leases and Operating Regulations" in The Law of Federal Oil and Gas Leases published by Matthew Bender. He is listed in Euromoney's Guide to the World's Leading Energy and Natural Resources Lawyers as a leading specialist in the field of energy and natural resources law.
 Copyright (c) 2003 South Texas Law Review, Inc. South Texas Law Review  Summer, 2003  44 S. Tex. L. Rev. 709 

 Facts: The foundation of Louisiana's "at the well" approach can be found in Wall v. United Gas Public Service Co. In Wall, the United Gas Public Service Company ("United Gas") entered into a mineral rights lease with… fields, where there was a market in the field, to corroborate the four cent rate. n34 

Production is only actual removal
Brigham Young Law Review 89
Student note
lawreview.byu.edu/archives/1989/4/pri.pdf

 The Diamond Shamrock II court's decision turned on which definition .. to the royalty provisions in the
lease.81 

Financial incentives induce behaviors using cash – that excludes the incentive EFFECT of the plan which is a mandate that RESULTS in coal production according to 2AC Bartis --- k2 relevance and precision
Webb 93 – lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa (Kernaghan, “Thumbs, Fingers, and Pushing on String: Legal Accountability in the Use of Federal Financial Incentives”, 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501 (1993) Hein Online) 

In this paper, "financial incentives" are taken to mean … .. policy objectives. In effect, these programs are assistance, but they are not incentives.