Reisman-Cashmore Neg

T-Reduce

Violation:  Reducing Restrictions on energy production means mandating the removal of constraints on the conversion of a natural resource into useful energy.   

Reduce means… size, amount, number –
Dictionary.com 12 (checked on August 22, 2012) Reduce: to bring down to a smaller extent, size, amount, number,etc.: to reduce one's weight by 10 pounds.
2. Restriction is:  …. of a variable – that’s  Collins dictionary – 12 (checked on August 20, 2012,
 (logic, mathematics) a condition that imposes a constraint on the possible values of a variable or on the domain of arguments of a function
3. On means …. a condition – (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on, checked August 14, 2012)
On - used as a function word to indicate active involvement in a condition or status <on the increase> <onthe lookout>
4.  Energy production ….. general public, such as electricity.
Rauf Genel 12 (science and technology website, checked August 13, 2012, http://raufgenel.com/english-articles/physics/subjects-of-physics/energy/energy-technology.html)  From the Perspective of physics, all technological devices that produce or use energy can be viewed as energy transformers. Energy production refers to the process of converting energy from a natural resource, such as coal, into a form that can be easily used by the general public, such as electricity. The resulting energy can then be employed for a particular application, such as to start up and run a computer. Technologically devices that are commonly used to produce energy include generators, thermocouples and furnaces. Devices that use energy include electric motors, lights, and ovens.
5.  Contextually, …. amount of available energy
Forsund – 10 WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS No 441 Renewable Energy Expansion and the Value of Balance Regulation Power Finn Försund and Lennart Hjalmarsson April 2010 Department of Economics School of Business, Economics and Law at University of Gothenburg by Finn R. Førsund, University of Oslo Lennart Hjalmarsson, University of Gothenburg March 25, 2010
Let us consider a generator with the opportunity to choose between bidding its supply into the spot market or into the regulation market. Automatic reserves and the fast reserves services can only be provided by on-line units. Thus, reserve services and energy production are joint services. You cannot provide one without the other. The decision to provide reserve services can therefore not be isolated from the decision to produce energy. A generator that produces reserves must forgo the profit from producing energy from the reserve portion of the capacity of that on-line unit. Thus, the cost or value of providing reserves is the opportunity cost of not providing energy. If, for example, a generator has a variable cost of producing energy of €15/MWh and the spot market price is €35/MWh, then the generator has an opportunity cost of providing reserve services of €20/MWh. This is the profit forgone for the generator if he sells reserves, since he would attain a profit of €20/MWh by selling into the energy market. The generator would not accept a price less than €20/MWh for providing reserves. Below that price, the generator will only provide energy and above that price he will prefer supplying reserve services. If arbitrage between markets works efficiently, the price for reserves should equal the cost of the marginal supplier in the energy market, when both markets are competitive, i.e. in the absence of market power. The allocation of a certain amount of energy, E, between the spot market and the reserves market is equivalent with an optimal portfolio problem in finance, where a certain investment is allocated between different assets as in a Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Restrictions on production or water reservoir levels affect the total amount of energy, E, that can be allocated between the spot market and the reserves market but does not affect the relationships between spot and the expected reserves price. Thus with risk neutral agents and no market power (and zero discounting), the spot market price is the best prediction of the regulation price.
Voter for fairness and education
1  Critical to generic negative ground - increasing supply ensures that Negs gets generics like trade off disads,
2  They explode the topic in unpredictable fashion and kill limits because they include any regulation relating to energy production.  This means thousands of case areas just in the energy regs alone, 

Rare earth metal shortages spikes prices, kills British economy
Perella 12 (Maxine, "UK Economy 'in Great Danger' from Raw Materials Crisis", Edie Waste, published 8/20/2012, http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=23047andtitle=UK+economy+%27in+great+danger%27+from+raw+materials+crisis+)
The Government must take …..could potentially put the UK economy at risk.
Rare Earth mines allow Thorium Nuclear plants
Kennedy, 2011
James, Wings Enterprises, “critical and strategic failure in rare earth resources” http://www.energyfromthorium.com/TEAC1/06_Kennedy_rareEarth.pdf
Thorium Based Nuclear Energy …. create valuable rare earths as a byproduct.
British economy key to US-British military cooperation
Larrabee and Wilson 12 (F. Stephen Larrabee, Distinguished Chair in European Security at the RAND Corporation, Peter A., senior defense analyst at RAND, "Budget Cuts are Cracking the West's Defenses", published in RAND Corporation, 8/17/2012, http://www.rand.org/commentary/2010/08/17/CSM.html)
The global economic crisis is forcing …. support in crises that has characterized US-British defense cooperation in the past.
US-UK economic and military relationship key to NATO alliance
Hammond 12 (Philip, Secretary of State for Defence, "Address to the Centre for a New American Security", speech delivered by Secretary of State for Defence Philip Hammond in Washington D.C on 7/8/12, Ministry of Defense, published online on 7/8/12, http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/People/Speeches/SofS/20120718AddressToTheCentreForANewAmericanSecurity.htm)
How, in an era of budgetary …... But it is our Defence relationship which stands out.
U.S. commitment to NATO is necessary to deter Russian aggression and Central European conflict
Ball, British International Studies Association, 1998 (Christopher L., “Nattering NATO negativism? Reasons why expansion may be a good thing,” Review of International Studies, http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0260210598000436)
If Russia is potentially hostile, other ….. cover for abandoning Central Europe if Russia becomes aggressively revisionist.
Extinction
Bostrom, Prof Oxford, 2002(Nick, March, 2002 www.transhumanist.com/volume9/risks.html)
A much greater existential risk ….. risk, since it would not destroy or thwart humankind’s potential permanently.

CP Text: President Obama should initiate a Presidential Memorandum that directs a Blue Ribbon Commission to recommend a report on whether or not the United States federal government should establish a matching funds programs, increase research and development funding and remove licensing restrictions for thorium power production in the United States.
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Creating a Blue Ribbon Commission Report on nuclear power solves the aff- creates a necessary study, builds consensus and feasability
Parthemore and Rogers, 10 (Christine Parthemore and Will Rogers, Christine Parthemore is the Bacevich fellow at the Center for a New American Security. Will Rogers is a CNAS researcher. This piece is based on a recently released CNAS report on climate change, energy and the Department of Defense available, Nuclear Reactors on Military Bases May Be Risky, May 20, 2010http:www.rollcall.com/news/-46456-1.html
On the other hand, opponents contend that sufficient ….. cleaner energy future demands no less.
Decisions and political calculus- proves the BRC avoids the elections disad
Abrams 12 (Stan Abrams is a Beijing-based IP/IT lawyer and law professor, What Will the U.S. Do About China Auto Part Imports?, http://www.chinahearsay.com/what-will-the-u-s-do-about-china-auto-part-imports/
The political decision always comes ….. made will reflect more of a political calculus than the merits of the case.

1. Nuclear leadership fails- failed nuclear negotiations with Iran, north Korea and Pakistan all prove
   Reuters, 8-31 (After early successes, Obama struggles to implement disarmament vision, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/31/us-usa-nuclear-arms-idUSBRE87U06B20120831)
   Obama made significant progress ….. material for nuclear arms.
   2. Alternate Causalities make Nuclear leadership impossible
   A. Nuclear waste
   Restuccia, 12 (Andrew, Official: Lack of nuclear waste dump is a ‘serious failure of the American government’, February 01, http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/207963-official-delay-in-establishing-nuke-waste-dump-serious-failure-of-the-american-government)
   The head of a federal commission on nuclear waste bluntly warned lawmakers Wednesday that the United States cannot compete with ……. very sharply.”
   B. IAEA politicization, lack of effective cooperation and breakdown of NSG
   Hibbs, 11 (Mark, Mark Hibbs is a senior associate in Carnegie's Nuclear Policy Program, based in Berlin. Before joining Carnegie, for over 20 years he was an editor and correspondent for nuclear energy publications, including Nucleonics Weekand Nuclear Fuel, published by the Platts division of the McGraw-Hill Companies. “Nuclear energy 2011: A watershed year,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 2012 68 http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Nuclear_Energy_2011.pdf)
   2011 was a watershed for …… Group, which sets the rules for nuclear commerce. The author reflects on 2011 and highlights what to look out for in 2012
   C. Ambiguity over 123 Agreements
   Hibbs, 12 (Mark, Senior associate, Nuclear Policy Program, “Negotiating Nuclear Cooperation Agreements” http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/08/07/negotiating-nuclear-cooperation-agreements/d98z)
   The United States is currently negotiating ……to create incentives to get desired results.
   3. Turn - expanding nuclear leadership increases tech transfer – causing prolif
   Keeny, 07 - former deputy director of the U.S Arms Control and Disarmament agency (Spurgeon, PANEL II OF A COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS SYMPOSIUM; SUBJECT: CAN NUCLEAR ENERGY GO BEYOND THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005? June 18, L/n)
   MR. KEENY: I'd just like to add ……. emerging again and themes that are strangely reminiscent of that  (off mike)  fast  (inaudible).
   Proliferation is not going to happen
   Alison 10 (Graham, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Foreign Affairs volume 89, issue 1, pages 74-85, "Nuclear Disorder: Surveying Atomic Threats", http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19819/nuclear_disorder.html,)
   After listening to a compelling briefing for a …… that might realistically become nuclear weapons states in the foreseeable future.  
   No Escalation
   Hymans 12 – is Associate Professor of International Relations at the University of Southern California (Jacques, May/June, “Botching the Bomb” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137403/jacques-e-c-hymans/botching-the-bomb) Jacome
   NUCLEAR DOGS THAT HAVE NOT BARKED
   "TODAY, ALMOST any industrialized country can produce a …….. states, the more time it has needed to get its first bomb and the higher its chances of failure.
   Deterrence solves the impact
   Colby 07 – Adjunct Staff Member of the RAND Corporation, formerly a staff member in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and on the Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction (Eldridge, “Restoring Deterrence,” Orbis, Vol. 51, No. 3, p. 413-428, http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/images/issues/200707u/Restoring%20Deterrence.pdf)
   This logic’s bottom line seems clear. If the proliferation of …….. push them into a corner anyway—or as cards to bluff with—in which case we simply need to call that bluff.
   No Risk of nuclear terror – 4 reasons
   States won’t give
   No chance they can be stolen
   If they are stolen we can stop it
   Cant successfully attack
   Mearsheimer 11, January, John J., Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. He is on the Advisory Council of The National Interest, “Imperial by Design,”http:nationalinterest.org/article/imperial-by-design-4576?page=3,
   
   The fact is that states have strong incentives to distrust …… as the number killed over the same period by lightning, or by accident-causing deer, or by severe allergic reactions to peanuts.”  

Heg doesn’t solve war
Christopher Preble (director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute) August 2010 “U.S. Military Power: Preeminence for What Purpose?” http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/u-s-military-power-preeminence-for-what-purpose/
Most in Washington still embraces the notion that America is…..schlubs in fly-over country pick up the tab.
3. US diplomatic isolation means it’s leadership can’t prevent the impacts
John, McCormick; 2007; Political Scientist at the University of Miami; “The European Superpower, 2007, p. 123-4”
'Only US leadership', claims Richard Haass, ……. political ideals and its pursuit of parochial national interests.
4. Hegemony’s ineffective, two reasons
A. Domestic politics – Internal divisions hamstring policymakers
Caitlin, Talmadge; Staff Writer for the Harvard International Review; 2002
["The Restrained Hegemon: Political Limits to US Military Power," Intelligence, Volume 24, Issue 3, Fall, Available Online at http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/print.php?article=1057, Accessed 04-25-2007  BATMAN]

First, the domestic politics of the United States ……. for political manipulation, further complicating the execution of US foreign policy.
B. International politics – Dependence on allies checks preponderance
Caitlin, Talmadge; Staff Writer for the Harvard International Review; 2002
["The Restrained Hegemon: Political Limits to US Military Power," Intelligence, Volume 24, Issue 3, Fall, Available Online at http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/print.php?article=1057, Accessed 04-25-2007  BATMAN]

Second, the complexity of international …… with its allies, providing third parties with leverage over the United States despite their material inferiority.