Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Plan: The United States Federal Government should allocate funding to the Department of Defense for the development of Small Modular Reactors for United States military use

Advantage One: Military

Military actions to reduce and change energy inputs fail – critical security obstacles prevent solutions

**Andres and Breetz 11 **~~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability

AND

through hostile territory to forward locations. Each of these is explored below.

3 internal links:

First - Grid

Military reliance on civilian power provides incentive for grid attack – kills military power projection AND causes nuclear war from escalatory conflicts

**Andres and Breetz 11 **~~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

More recently, awareness has been growing that the grid is also vulnerable to purposive

AND

function for more than a few days after the civilian grid went offline.

Civilian grid failures put military electricity access at risk – it provides 99 percent of their power

**Andres and Breetz 11 **~~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its bases with electricity when the civilian

AND

and so forth, and demonstrated the interdependence of modern infrastructural systems.8

Old infrastructure risks grid vulnerability

**Robitaille 12** (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The Army~’s Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 ~www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802 DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM

Aging Infrastructure. The U.S electric power grid is made up of independently

AND

well as ¶ frequency of failures is expected to increase in the future.¶

Natural disasters risk grid vulnerability

**Robitaille 12** (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The Army~’s Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 ~www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802 DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM

Adverse Weather. According to a 2008 grid reliability report by the Edison ¶ Electric

AND

sufficient upgrades and weather-related impacts continue to become more ¶ frequent.

SMR~’s key to maintain security of power grid – solves military vulnerabilities

**Baker 12 **~~Matthew, American Security Project, Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military~’s Energy Needs?" ~http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/-http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/ ~~Accessed 8/19/2012 DMW~~

SMRs are able to be constructed in factories, with manufacturing capabilities already available in

AND

to Congressman Bartlett, SMRs could make such bases energy self-sufficient.

Second - budget tradeoff

Military energy security key to mission effectiveness – allows focus on critical and strategic missions

**Udall 12 **~~Mark Udall, Democratic Senator from Colorado, May 22, 2012, Energy Security is National Security

http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~jap

No one needs to tell consumers about the importance of energy security. They see

AND

and national security is a false choice – they go hand in hand.

Third - Clean Energy

DoD is key to Clean energy success AND plan solves national security

**Peckinpaugh and McCain 2012 **~~Tim Peckinpaugh, Partner, K%26L Gates, Steve McCain co-authored this article. He~’s a retired Air Force Colonel who coordinates the national security and energy public policy practice at K%26L Gates, May 22, 2012, The Pentagon: A Leader on Clean Energy

http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~jap

No entity in government knows better than the Department of Defense (DoD) that

AND

unified vision, we are poised to lead the world~’s clean energy economy.

Clean energy is key to the military power – reduces conflicts and increases military capabilities

**Rogers 2012 **~~Will Rogers, Research Associate, Center for a New American Security, May 21, 2012, It is all about Mission Effectiveness http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~jap

The U.S. military is overwhelmingly dependent on fossil fuels, with nearly

AND

related security challenges. Both are good for the military and the nation.

Military readiness key to prevent extinction

**Feldstein 7 **~~Martin, "The underfunded Pentagon," Foreign Affairs, March/April~~jap

Deterring other great powers, such as Russia and China, will require Washington

AND

—and perhaps the reality—of the U.S. military structure

Heg prevents great power conflict, terrorism, and nuclear war – no alternatives – intervention is inevitable, only a question of effectiveness 

**Kagan 11 **~~contributing editor to The Weekly Standard and a senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution, Robert, "The Price of Power", 1-24, Vol. 16, No. 18, http://www.weeklystandard.com/print/articles/price-power_533696.html~~

Today the international situation is also one of high risk. • The terrorists who

AND

in the kind of international system that American power has built and defended.

Multipolarity inevitable , but US power soothes the transition that would otherwise cause extinction and is empirically correlated to perpetual great power peace

**Barnett 11 **~~Thomas P.M. Barnett 11 Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis %26 Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, "The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads," March 7 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads ~~

It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of

AND

the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.

Advantage Two: Nuclear Leadership

Nuclear investment increasing internationally

**Domenici and Miller 12 **~~Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy ~| July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, ~http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf~~jap-http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership in Nuclear Energy Markets.pdf%5djap

Internationally, the outlook is quite different: a number of countries intend to grow

AND

, global growth in nuclear energy is still expected to be positive overall.

Two internal links

First - Negotiation Power

Nuclear energy leadership key to control of nonproliferation, only players can change the game

**Wallace and Williams 12 **(Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise" 2012 ~http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf-http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf)

Third, in the past, the U.S. government could exert influence

AND

.S. nuclear industry and take ¶ action to prevent its early demise

US Nuclear power leadership solves proliferation and international nuclear accidents – increases reliance on US nuclear policies

**Domenici and Miller 12 **~~Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy ~| July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, ~http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf~~jap-http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership in Nuclear Energy Markets.pdf%5djap

Strategic Goal: Continued strong U.S. leadership in global nuclear security matters

AND

technologies are sound and we support efforts to maintain and expand these policies.

Second - First Mover

SMR development key to nuclear tech leadership – puts US at front of evolving nuclear tech

**Fleischmann 11 **~~Congressman Chuck Fleischmann is a conservative Republican who represents the 3rd District of Tennessee. Small Modular Reactors Could Help With U.S. Energy Needs, http://www.aps.org/publications/capitolhillquarterly/201110/backpage.cfm~~jap

The timely implementation of small reactors could position the United States on the cutting edge

AND

taking the first steps in making significant headway to truly gaining energy independence.

US controlled SMR key to nonproliferation – proliferating countries will fill in the energy gap- causing cascading prolif

**COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 11 **(Senate Hearing 112-107- COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES¶ "SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ¶ ALTERNATIVE FUELS¶ " JUNE 7, 2011 ~http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg68432/html/CHRG-112shrg68432.htm-http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg68432/html/CHRG-112shrg68432.htm)

Third, there is a national security aspect to the development of ¶ U.

AND

suppliers that may not always share our ¶ approach toward safety and nonproliferation.

Proliferation causes extinction

**Heisbourg 12** ~~Francois Heisbourg, Chairman of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, prof at the Geneva Center for Security Policy, July 2012, "How Bad Would the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be?",http://www.npolicy.org/userfiles/file/oving%20Beyond%20Pretense%20web%20version.pdf~~%23page=182~~

Human societies tend to lack the imagination to think through, and to act upon

AND

Middle East would make ¶ the Cuban Missile Crisis look easy in comparison.

Solvency

DOD should install SMRs on military bases—catalyzes support for SMR and US leadership—ensures global spillover of SMR.

**Loudermilk 11**—Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, contracted through ASE Inc. "~Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375" 31 May 2011 Accessed date: 8-21-12 y2k

Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-

AND

nuclear industry and will work to solidify long-term support for nuclear energy

Governmental intervention key for military SMR use – "First of a Kind" costs need to be allayed

**King**, **Huntzinger and Nguyen** 20**11 **~~Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf~~jap

The costs associated with moving from the current stage of develop- ment of small

AND

plants are a feasible option for providing elec- tricity to military installations.

The military has the experience to be an SMR first mover

**King**, **Huntzinger and Nguyen** **11 **~~Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf~~jap

DoD~’s operational experience with nuclear power allows for a better understanding of current options.

AND

around the same time that national interest in nuclear power began to wane.

Military pre-commercial move key to SMR tech – 3 reasons

**Andres and Breetz 11 **~~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD~’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—

AND

availability and appropriateness of these technologies for U.S. military applications.

Current SMR initiatives will fail – Potential market failures deters. Only military investment solves through demonstration

**Andres and Breetz 11 **~~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

The "Valley of Death." Given the promise that small reactors hold for military

AND

the future, then it should pursue a leader- ship role now.

AND, the military is dependent upon energy technology. Efficiency measures and other alternative energies fail – only SMRs can provide enough power for the military to sustain itself and save troop lives

**Andres and Breetz 11 **~~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.

AND

the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.

Federal action on nuclear reactors key to global competitiveness

**Wallace and Williams 2012 **(Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise" 2012 ~http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf-http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf)

The pace of this decline, moreover, could be more rapid than most ¶

AND

¶ States cannot afford to become irrelevant in a ¶ new nuclear age.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan: The United States Federal Government should facilitate the allocation of funding to the Department of Defense for the development of Small Modular Reactors for the United States military. 

Advantage One: Military

Military actions to reduce and change energy inputs fail – critical security obstacles prevent solutions
Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability
AND
through hostile territory to forward locations. Each of these is explored below.

2 internal links:
First - Grid
Military reliance on civilian power provides incentive for grid attack – kills military power projection AND causes nuclear war from escalatory conflicts
Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

More recently, awareness has been growing that the grid is also vulnerable to purposive
AND
function for more than a few days after the civilian grid went offline.

Civilian grid failures put military electricity access at risk – it provides 99 percent of their power
Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its bases with electricity when the civilian
AND
and so forth, and demonstrated the interdependence of modern infrastructural systems.8

Old infrastructure risks grid vulnerability
Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802 DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM

Aging Infrastructure. The U.S electric power grid is made up of independently
AND
well as ¶ frequency of failures is expected to increase in the future.¶

Natural disasters risk grid vulnerability
Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802 DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM

Adverse Weather. According to a 2008 grid reliability report by the Edison ¶ Electric
AND
sufficient upgrades and weather-related impacts continue to become more ¶ frequent. 

SMR’s key to maintain security of power grid – solves military vulnerabilities
Baker 12 ~Matthew, American Security Project, Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?" http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/-http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/ ~Accessed 8/19/2012 DMW~ 

SMRs are able to be constructed in factories, with manufacturing capabilities already available in
AND
to Congressman Bartlett, SMRs could make such bases energy self-sufficient.

Second - budget tradeoff
Military energy security key to mission effectiveness – allows focus on critical and strategic missions
Udall 12 ~Mark Udall, Democratic Senator from Colorado, May 22, 2012, Energy Security is National Security
http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~jap

No one needs to tell consumers about the importance of energy security. They see
AND
and national security is a false choice – they go hand in hand.

Military readiness key to prevent extinction
Feldstein 7 ~Martin, "The underfunded Pentagon," Foreign Affairs, March/April~jap

Deterring other great powers, such as Russia and China, will require Washington
AND
—and perhaps the reality—of the U.S. military structure

Heg prevents great power conflict, terrorism, and nuclear war – no alternatives – intervention is inevitable, only a question of effectiveness  
Kagan 11 ~contributing editor to The Weekly Standard and a senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution, Robert, "The Price of Power", 1-24, Vol. 16, No. 18, http://www.weeklystandard.com/print/articles/price-power_533696.html~~

Today the international situation is also one of high risk. • The terrorists who
AND
in the kind of international system that American power has built and defended. 

Multipolarity inevitable , but US power soothes the transition that would otherwise cause extinction and is empirically correlated to perpetual great power peace
Barnett 11 ~Thomas P.M. Barnett 11 Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis %26 Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, "The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads," March 7 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads ~

It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of
AND
the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding. 

Advantage Two: Nuclear Leadership

Nuclear investment increasing internationally
Domenici and Miller 12 ~Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy | July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf~~jap-http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership in Nuclear Energy Markets.pdf%5djap

Internationally, the outlook is quite different: a number of countries intend to grow
AND
, global growth in nuclear energy is still expected to be positive overall.

Nuclear energy leadership key to control of nonproliferation, only players can change the game
Wallace and Williams 12 (Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise" 2012 http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf-http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf)

Third, in the past, the U.S. government could exert influence
AND
.S. nuclear industry and take ¶ action to prevent its early demise

US Nuclear power leadership solves proliferation and international nuclear accidents – increases reliance on US nuclear policies
Domenici and Miller 12 ~Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy | July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf~~jap-http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership in Nuclear Energy Markets.pdf%5djap

Strategic Goal: Continued strong U.S. leadership in global nuclear security matters
AND
technologies are sound and we support efforts to maintain and expand these policies.

Proliferation causes extinction
Heisbourg 12 ~Francois Heisbourg, Chairman of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, prof at the Geneva Center for Security Policy, July 2012, "How Bad Would the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be?",http://www.npolicy.org/userfiles/file/oving%20Beyond%20Pretense%20web%20version.pdf~~%23page=182~~

Human societies tend to lack the imagination to think through, and to act upon
AND
Middle East would make ¶ the Cuban Missile Crisis look easy in comparison.

Advantage Three: RMA

The Revolution in Military Logistics not a finished endeavor – more autonomy needed for deployed forces
Stevenson 11
~Mitchell H. Stevenson, Lieutenant General US Army, "A Vision of Army Logistics With 20/20 Hindsight," March-April 2011, Army Sustainment VOLUME 43 ISSUE 2 March–April 2011~cd

Despite all that has been accomplished since we introduced the Revolution in Military Logistics,
AND
better manage the uncertainty that will continue to characterize current and future operations.

Modular energy sources critical to military logistics
Piggee 02
~Aundre F., Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army, "TRANSFORMATION – REVOLUTION IN MILITARY LOGISTICS," 9 April 2002, USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT, U.S. Army War College~cd

Maintaining a viable logistics infrastructure between operations is also vital. Today’s logisticians throughout the
AND
system. The next section explores the concept of distribution-based logistics.

Revolution in Military Logistics is key to Revolution in Military Affairs
Bentz 99
~Randall M., Major in US Army, "LEAP-AHEAD LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY: TURNING THE EVOLUTION IN MILITARY LOGISTICS INTO A TRUE REVOLUTION," 27 May 1999, School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll3/id/592/rec/19~~cd

The rapidly changing world of the twenty-first century will produce a profound shift
AND
, the improvements due for the combat forces "cannot he fully realized."

RMA is key to prevent global conflicts.
Deitchman 04 ~S.J., independent defense consultant, formerly worked at DOD and the Institute for Defense Analyses, "Completing the Transformation of U.S. Military Forces," 2004, Issues in Science %26 Technology 20:4, database: Academic Search Premier~cd

First, potential opponents may field formidable armed forces to meet those of the United
AND
as the country learned at Pearl Harbor and feared throughout the Cold War.

Solvency

DOD should install SMRs on military bases—catalyzes support for SMR and US leadership—ensures global spillover of SMR.
Loudermilk 11—Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, contracted through ASE Inc. "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375" 31 May 2011 Accessed date: 8-21-12 y2k

Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-
AND
nuclear industry and will work to solidify long-term support for nuclear energy

Governmental intervention key for military SMR use – "First of a Kind" costs need to be allayed
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011 ~Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf~~jap

The costs associated with moving from the current stage of develop- ment of small
AND
plants are a feasible option for providing elec- tricity to military installations.

The military has the experience to be an SMR first mover
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 11 ~Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf~~jap

DoD’s operational experience with nuclear power allows for a better understanding of current options.
AND
around the same time that national interest in nuclear power began to wane.

Military pre-commercial move key to SMR tech – 3 reasons
Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—
AND
availability and appropriateness of these technologies for U.S. military applications.

Current SMR initiatives will fail – Potential market failures deters. Only military investment solves through demonstration
Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

The "Valley of Death." Given the promise that small reactors hold for military
AND
the future, then it should pursue a leader- ship role now.

AND, the military is dependent upon energy technology. Efficiency measures and other alternative energies fail – only SMRs can provide enough power for the military to sustain itself and save troop lives
Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
AND
the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
And, link turn: SMR tech is key to fighting climate change – closest nuclear commercial option
Rosner and Goldberg 2011
Robert and Stephen, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S., Accessed 8-14-2012, November 2011, https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdfjap

Nuclear power occupies a unique position in the debate over global climate change as the
AND
analysis would be done shortly that will address the relative competitiveness of SMRs.

Case Solves – SMRs solve emissions
Wheeler ’11 Associate Editor for Power Engineering, “Small Modular Reactors Are “Hot”” published 2/1/11/accessed 8/27/12 PK 

One of the “hottest” topics being discussed in the U.S.
AND
U.S. may not come until the 2018 to 2020 timeframe.

Impact, warming causes extinction
Tickell 2008
Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Gaurdian, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, 8-11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ commentisfree/2008/aug/11/ climatechangejap

We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson told
AND
warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
SMR development key to US manufacturing industry
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011
Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

Finally, a significant appeal of SMRs is their ability to be manufac- tured
AND
, spurring domestic job creation and international leadership in key nuclear supply areas.

Collapse of manufacturing destroys the economy
Vargo 2003
Franklin, National Association of Manufacturers, Federal News Service, 10-1-2003jap
I would like to begin my statement with a review of why manufacturing is vital
AND
, is why the United States cannot become a "nation of shopkeepers."

Collapse of the U.S. economy causes extinction
Witzsche 2002
Rolf A. F. Witzsche Economic and Political Researcher and Analyst “Why is the World-Financial and Economic System Crashing? Jan 2002 http://www.rolf-witzsche.com/peace/crash/index.html

The currently outstanding debts have become literally unpayable. An economy that has been so
AND
economic collapse. And the debt load is huge. (see illustration)
Evidently, a shift in thinking needs to be achieved, and will be achieved
AND
global economic development becomes an unfullfillable dream for a long time to come.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2. Counter-interpretation: Bases are part of the US
Rasul et al v Rumsfeld et al 2004
Appellate decision of the US District Court of DC, http://old.usccb.org/ogc/RasulvRumsfeld.pdfjap

The other factor related to Congress’s intent in passing RFRA. As explaining above,
AND
law, and the implementation of that law, whether statutory or otherwise”).

3. Reasons to prefer
A) Aff Ground
They eliminate almost every affirmative that results in energy overseas
For example – research and development affirmatives
Bump 2012
Philip Bump writes about the news for Gristmill. Scoop: A preview of Romney’s energy plan, http://grist.org/news/scoop-a-preview-of-romneys-energy-plan/jap

Romney will also propose a bill that provides a financial incentive for businesses to conduct
AND
on party lines and to receive public support broken down on gender lines.

B) Literature checks and No impact – bases are argued in the literature both ways. Makes it predictable, but is also the ONLY added affirmative the counterinterpretation allows
Rasul et al v Rumsfeld et al 2004
Appellate decision of the US District Court of DC, http://old.usccb.org/ogc/RasulvRumsfeld.pdfjap

There are authorities applying the terms “territory” and “possession” differently to military bases in a number of different statutes, some of which conclude that a United States military base abroad is a United States territory or possession, and some of which conclude such a base is not.7 In each instance, the determination of whether the base in question is a territory or possession rests upon the particular language and purpose of the statute being reviewed.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

2. Counterinterpretation:
Energy incentives include increasing / decreasing taxes, increasing regulations, government RandD, government ownership
Cole et al., 1981, Report Prepared for the US Department of Energy by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory,
(R.J., “An Analysis of Federal Incentives Used to Stimulate Energy Consumption”, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, August, Pg. 2-4, PAS) http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/6297899-P5soYm/6297899.pdf 8-12-12 

DEFINITION OF INCENTIVES
Recent discussions in policy analysis have focused on the use of taxes and requirements for
AND
. Therefore, this report will include exhortation as part of category 4.

Procurement is Financial incentives
BASE, No Date, Business Alliance for Sustainable Energy, 3EStrategies, “A Guide to U.S. Federal, Oregon, and Local Financial Incentives Available to Firms Engaged in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency,” http://www.3estrategies.org/Documents/IncentivesforSEcompaniesguide~-~-3-06_000.pdf

U.S. FEDERAL LEVEL FINANCIAL INCENTIVES. Assistance is available in the following
AND
“state-level incentives” section of this guide for further information. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP = delay 

CP links to politics
Cunningham, American Security Project Policy Analyst, 2012,
(Nick, "Small Modular Reactors: A Possible Path Forward for Nuclear Power", American Security Project, October, Pg. 6-7, PAS) americansecurityproject.org/ASP%20Reports/Ref%200087%20-%20Small%20Modular%20Reactors.pdf 10-25-12

The problem of disposing nuclear waste is a serious one, and the lack of
AND
the nuclear waste problem will bedevil the entire nuclear industry, including SMRs.

DoD already established its recommendations for SMR adoption
King 11
Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

Recognizing nuclear power
and
. This report documents our analysis and findings. 

AND—It recommended against being an early adopter—proves the CP can’t establish a bureaucratic consensus for the plan
King 11
Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

The most significant risk for SMR power plants is associated with being an early adoptor
AND
for cooperation and partnership for sharing risks associated with this type of project.

Certainty is essential – only effective method of catalyzing investment
Trembath, 11 2/4/11, Nuclear Power and the Future of Post-Partisan Energy Policy, Alex Trembath is a policy associate in the Energy and Climate Program at Breakthrough. He is the lead or co-author of several Breakthrough publications, including the 2012 report "Beyond Boom and Bust: Putting Clean Tech on a Path to Subsidy Independence" and "Where the Shale Gas Revolution Came From." Alex is a graduate of University of California at Berkeley, http://leadenergy.org/2011/02/the-nuclear-option-in-a-post-partisan-approach-on-energy/ 

If there is one field of the energy sector for which certainty of political will
AND
power maybe one sector of our economy to benefit from his political leadership.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
DOD SMR leadership key – anything else risks “technological lock-in”
Andres and Breetz 2011
Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap

Technological Lock-in. A second risk is that if small reactors do reach
AND
likely have a profound effect on the in- dustry’s timeline and trajectory.

DOE fails at security issues with nuclear power
Wald 2007  Matthew L, New York Times, Security Upgrades at Several Nuclear Sites Are Lagging, Auditors Find http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/29/washington/29nuke.html?scp=1andsq=Security+Upgrades+at+Several+Nuclear+Sites+Are+Lagging%2C+Auditors+Findandst=nyt Accessed 11/8/2012 DMW

WASHINGTON, Oct. 28 — More than a year after Congress told the Energy
AND
those, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, would not make the deadline.

DOE does not have the tools to act alone
Brinkmann and Garren, 2011 Robert, Hofstra University, Sandra Jo, University of South Florida, “Synthesis of Climate Change Policy in Judicial, Executive, and Legislative Branches of US Government” PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, September 2011. http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ojs/index.php/portal       Pg.14 Accessed 8/27/2012 DMW

The Obama Administration’s agenda and strong actions taken at the US EPA are thought to
AND
and begin to take action to enact legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Can’t solve grid impacts- insufficient materials
Cumming 2006 Alfred, Specialist in Intelligence and National Security Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division  Intelligence Reform at the Department of Energy: Policy Issues and Organizational Alternatives http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33355.pdf Pg.5 Accessed 11/8/2012 DMW

In a 2002 report,
And
threats was insufficient.18

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Perm do both- cooperation key to innovation
Ostendorff 2012
WILLIAM C. OSTENDORFF, Commissioner, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Small Modular Reactors, http://www.issues.org/28.1/forum.htmljap

The realization of breakthrough technology in any sector requires fortitude, imagination, and a
AND
further explore nuclear technology safety enhancements in several arenas, SMRs being one.

Privatization fails—profit-driven mentality destroys sustainable energy solution.
Vail, 7—Jeff Vail is a Colorado business litigation attorney at The Law Office of Jeff Vail LLC. “Why the free market fails consumers in sustainable energy innovation” 3-05-07. http://energybulletin.net/node/26869 accessed date: 7-27-12 y2k

Let’s start off with an assumption: humanity must rapidly replace our reliance on non
AND
a profit-orriented product, then the story is of no value.

Privatization fails for SMR – no commercialization
Rosner and Goldberg 2011
Robert and Stephen, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S., Accessed 8-14-2012, November 2011, https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdfjap

Successful commercialization of SMRs will require not merely a successful prototype deployment, but also
AND
to align risks and benefits between the early movers and the late adopters.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Resolution says “should,” not “shall” – means it’s not unconditional
Atlas Collaboration, 1999, “Use of shall, should, may can,” http://rd13doc.cern.ch/Atlas/DaqSoft/sde/inspect/shall.html 

'shall' describes something that is mandatory. If a requirement uses 'shall', then that
AND
to be stated anywhere (to say nothing of defining what  'thoroughly' means). 

We don’t need to defend certainty, just desirability
American Heritage, 2009, “should,” http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should 

Like the rules governing the use of shall and will on which they are based
AND
spoken contraction should've. See Usage Notes at if, rather, shall.

All agencies must assess actions in accordance with the NEPA
Wexler 8 (Lesley, Professor of Law – Florida State University and Former Debater – University of Michigan, “Human Rights Impact Assessments: An Immigration Case Study”, Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 22 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 285, Winter, Lexis)

Under the National Environmental Protection Act of 1969, federal agencies *297 must
AND
adverse environmental impact or that would limit the choice of reasonable alternatives. n104

Certainty is essential – only effective method of catalyzing investment
Trembath, 11 2/4/11, Nuclear Power and the Future of Post-Partisan Energy Policy, Alex Trembath is a policy associate in the Energy and Climate Program at Breakthrough. He is the lead or co-author of several Breakthrough publications, including the 2012 report "Beyond Boom and Bust: Putting Clean Tech on a Path to Subsidy Independence" and "Where the Shale Gas Revolution Came From." Alex is a graduate of University of California at Berkeley, http://leadenergy.org/2011/02/the-nuclear-option-in-a-post-partisan-approach-on-energy/ 

If there is one field of the energy sector for which certainty of political will
AND
power maybe one sector of our economy to benefit from his political leadership.

Military has experience with nuclear tech – they would do the plan safely
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011 Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

DoD’s operational experience with nuclear power allows for a better understanding of current options.¶
AND
around the same time that national interest in nuclear power began to wane.

SMR regulations designed around health and environmental standards will be developed as tech is developed
NEI 11 Nuclear Energy Institute, “Myths and Facts about Small Modular Reactors (SMRs),” http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andcad=rjaandved=0CCoQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nei.org%2Ffilefolder%2FMythsFacts.pdfandei=GEk-UKl5xZ7rAbezgdAJandusg=AFQjCNFAAdnZA_VAljmxih5mXfcKbp_SQgcd

The Facts: The nuclear energy industry is not “pressuring” the NRC to
AND
, the industry is pursuing requirements that reflect the unique characteristics of SMRs.  

EIA process guts solvency - delays, lawsuits, and stops projects
Bhatia and Wernham 8 (Rajiv, MD, MPH, Director of Occupational and Environmental Health for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, and Aaron, M.D., director of the Health Impact Project, “Integrating human health into environmental impact assessment: an unrealized opportunity for environmental health and justice”, Environ Health Perspect 116:991–1000, cs)

Despite over three decades of practice, some criticize the process of EIA as a
AND
process, and d) a more integrated consideration of biophysical and social impacts
limited work authorization (LWA) if the applicant has requested it.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Investors don’t want to invest in MolyCorp – they are too volatile.
Seeking Alpha - 2012 ("Avoid Molycorp Until Its Liquidity Position Improves", http://seekingalpha.com/article/834711-avoid-molycorp-until-its-liquidity-position-improves - accessed 10/20/12) kc

However,
AND
those investors who want to play a rebound in rare earth metals' prices.

The CP is normal means – the DOD already contracts Molycorp – means perm do the CP is possible.
Shaefer - 2012 (Joseph - CEO and CIO of Standord Wealth Managment, LCC and Prof of Global and Security Studies @ American Univ.and retired General officer with 36 active military service, August 29, http://seekingalpha.com/article/835561-is-molycorp-getting-a-bum-rap-if-so-it-s-time-to-buy - accessed 10/20/12) kc

Molycorp is the only US-based firm with sizable DoD contracts to supply the rare earth minerals that are absolutely essential in satellite communications, pulsed/continuous wave radar amplifiers, and other communication links at the level we need them to be for advanced defense applications.

Molycorp provides REM’s for the military now – if we take their rare earth materials we pull them from other purposes – such as protecting US heg.
Shaefer - 2012 (Joseph - CEO and CIO of Standord Wealth Managment, LCC and Prof of Global and Security Studies @ American Univ.and retired General officer with 36 active military service, August 29, http://seekingalpha.com/article/835561-is-molycorp-getting-a-bum-rap-if-so-it-s-time-to-buy - accessed 10/20/12) kc

Molycorp is the only US-based firm with
AND
\ while reducing their weight and size.

Molycorp has a history of environmental disasters.
The Atlantic - 2012 ("A Visit to the Only American Mine for Rare Earth Metals", http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/02/a-visit-to-the-only-american-mine-for-rare-earth-metals/253372/ - accessed 10/20/12) kc

At one point, the majority of the world's rare earths were mined at the Mountain Pass facility. Then, in 1998, Molycorp halted chemical processing at the mine following an environmental disaster; radioactive wastewater flooded the nearby Ivanpah Dry Lake. At the same time, China was dramatically increasing its rare earth production.

Molycorp has too many obstacles to solve – they are losing money, have to import/export from China, cannot compete with monopolies and their stock is at an all time low.
Shaefer - 2012 (Joseph - CEO and CIO of Standord Wealth Managment, LCC and Prof of Global and Security Studies @ American Univ.and retired General officer with 36 active military service, August 29, http://seekingalpha.com/article/835561-is-molycorp-getting-a-bum-rap-if-so-it-s-time-to-buy - accessed 10/20/12) kc

On the surface, there
AND
dropped to half its former high.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Perm do both- cooperation key to innovation
Ostendorff 2012
WILLIAM C. OSTENDORFF, Commissioner, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Small Modular Reactors, http://www.issues.org/28.1/forum.htmljap

The realization of breakthrough technology in any sector requires fortitude, imagination, and a
AND
further explore nuclear technology safety enhancements in several arenas, SMRs being one.

Privatization fails—profit-driven mentality destroys sustainable energy solution.
Vail, 7—Jeff Vail is a Colorado business litigation attorney at The Law Office of Jeff Vail LLC. “Why the free market fails consumers in sustainable energy innovation” 3-05-07. http://energybulletin.net/node/26869 accessed date: 7-27-12 y2k

Let’s start off with an assumption: humanity must rapidly replace our reliance on non
AND
a profit-orriented product, then the story is of no value.

Prizes fail- companies aren’t interested
Hotz 2009
Robert, WSJ Science Columnist, “The Science Prize: Innovation or Stealth Advertising? http://www.xprize.org/media-center/press-mention/the-science-prize-innovation-or-stealth-advertisingjap

By itself, prize money isn't enough, though; nor is imagination or ambition
AND
, who helps administer it. They hope to resume it next year.

Privatization fails for SMR – no commercialization
Rosner and Goldberg 2011
Robert and Stephen, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S., Accessed 8-14-2012, November 2011, https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdfjap

Successful commercialization of SMRs will require not merely a successful prototype deployment, but also
AND
to align risks and benefits between the early movers and the late adopters.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
State budgets barely keeping afloat now – stopgap measures sustaining now
Khimm, 7/17/2012,
Suzy, The Washington Post, “States are using gimmicks to hide their budget woes, but their fiscal problems are here to stay” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/17/states-are-using-gimmicks-to-hide-their-budget-woes-but-their-fiscal-problems-are-here-to-stay/, Accessed 8/4/2012 DMW

Led by former Fed chairman Paul Volcker and former New York lieutenant governor Richard Ravitch
AND
is for them to admit more openly there’s a problem in the first place

.
Military SMR leadership key – anything else risks “technological lock-in”
Andres and Breetz 2011
Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap

Technological Lock-in. A second risk is that if small reactors do reach
AND
likely have a profound effect on the in- dustry’s timeline and trajectory.

Federal action on nuclear reactors key to global competitiveness
Wallace and Williams 2012 (Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams “Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise” 2012 http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf)

The pace of this decline, moreover, could be more rapid than most ¶
AND
¶ States cannot afford to become irrelevant in a ¶ new nuclear age.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Executive Orders can take years to happen
Mayer 01 (Kenneth, Proff. Of Polt. Science Univ. of Wisconsin, Princeton Univ., “With the Stroke of a Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power”, p. 61, http://www.questiaschool.com/read/103282967?title=With%20the%20Stroke%20of%20a%20Pen%3a%20Executive%20Orders%20and%20Presidential%20Power)
In contemporary practice, executive orders typically either originate from the advisory structures within the
AND
even be derailed over an inability to obtain the necessary consensus or clearances.

Counterplan links to the disad- means no net benefit. Independent use of executive power saps political capital
Simendinger ‘02 (Alexis, Staff Writer – National Journal, The Power of One, National Journal, 1-26, Lexis)
Bush's White House aides insist that the President knows how valuable his political capital is
AND
feeling the effects of those missteps as Bush heads into his second year. 

Presidential Power destroys the separation of powers
Branum 2 (Tara, Editor in Chief Texas Review of Law and Politics, Texas Review of Law and Politics, “President or King? The Use and Abuse of Executive Orders in Modern-Day America”, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?men_tab=srchresultsandhandle=hein.journals/jleg28andid=8andsize=2andcollection=journalsandterms=increasedandtermtype=phraseandset_as_cursor=#7) 

The perception of Americans that the President is not only willing, but also able
AND
not—constitute a constitutional use of executive orders and other presidential directives.

SOP checks tyranny and war
Forrester, Professor at Hastings College of the Law at University of California, 1989
Ray, George Washington Law Review, August

On the basis of this report, the startling fact is that one man
AND
the potential for world destruction lodged in the discretion of one person.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
DoD already established its recommendations for SMR adoption
King 11
Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

Recognizing nuclear power
and
analysis and findings. 

AND—It recommended against being an early adopter—proves the CP can’t establish a bureaucratic consensus for the plan
King 11
Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

The most significant risk for SMR power plants is associated with being an early adoptor
AND
for cooperation and partnership for sharing risks associated with this type of project.

No implementation
Barlas 12
Stephen, Columnist @ Financial Executive, 1/1, Lexis

But it is highly unlikely that Obama's blueprint will lead to a firmer footing for
AND
efforts to substitute domestic natural gas for foreign petroleum features business versus business.

SMR development now key to US manufacturing industry
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011
Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

Finally, a significant appeal of SMRs is their ability to be manufac- tured
AND
, spurring domestic job creation and international leadership in key nuclear supply areas.

Collapse of manufacturing destroys the economy
Vargo 2003
Franklin, National Association of Manufacturers, Federal News Service, 10-1-2003jap
I would like to begin my statement with a review of why manufacturing is vital
AND
, is why the United States cannot become a "nation of shopkeepers."

Collapse of the U.S. economy causes extinction
Witzsche 2002
Rolf A. F. Witzsche Economic and Political Researcher and Analyst “Why is the World-Financial and Economic System Crashing? Jan 2002 http://www.rolf-witzsche.com/peace/crash/index.html

The currently outstanding debts have become literally unpayable. An economy that has been so
AND
economic collapse. And the debt load is huge. (see illustration)
Evidently, a shift in thinking needs to be achieved, and will be achieved
AND
global economic development becomes an unfullfillable dream for a long time to come.

No famine – the poorest are insulated from global markets
Paarlberg 8 (Robert, Professor of Political Science – Wellesley College, “It's Not the Price that Causes Hunger”, The International Herald Tribune, 4-23, Lexis)

International prices of rice, wheat and corn have risen sharply, setting off violent
AND
of Asia, and her average income is only $1 a day.

Lack of infrastructure and distribution networks cause famine – not high prices
Khosla 7 (Vinod, Founder – Sun Microsystems and Khosla Ventures, “Food versus Fuel” or the “Salve for Africa”?, http://www.khoslaventures.com/presentations/FOODvFUEL.pdf)

Despite its misplaced pessimism about corn-ethanol, the excerpted section does note that
AND
to grow and hence reducing corn subsidies, is actually helping the poor. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
President Obama’s already allocated funds for SMR’s – takes out the link
Tomich, 4/25/2012
Jeffrey, St.Louis Post-Dispatch, Small nuclear reactors generate hype, questions about cost” http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/small-nuclear-reactors-generate-hype-questions-about-cost/article_39757dba-8e5c-11e1-9883-001a4bcf6878.html, Accessed 8/18/2012 DMW

Andrew Klein, a nuclear engineering professor at Oregon State University, sees small reactors
AND
have the potential to be licensed and in commercial operation in a decade.

Political capital not key
Dickinson, Professor of Political Science at Middlebury College, 9 taught previously at Harvard University where he worked under the supervision of presidential scholar Richard Neustadt (5/26/09, Matthew, Presidential Power: A NonPartisan Analysis of Presidential Politics, “Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power,” http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/)

As for Sotomayor, from here the path toward almost certain confirmation goes as follows
AND
an important aspect of presidential power that cannot be measured through legislative boxscores.

SMRs are bipartisan – congress knows they are publically popular
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011
Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

Favorable public perception has contributed to bipartisan congres- sional interest in building new nuclear
AND
DOE sites. The energy parks may include nuclear power plants 11.

Budget for SMR’s had bipart support, and developing nuclear tech is popular in congress
Domenici and Miller, 9/18/2012 Pete V, Senior Fellow and Co-Chair, Debt Reduction Task Force; Former U.S. Senator from New Mexico Dr.Warren F. Co-Chair, Nuclear Initiative; Former DOE Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets http://bipartisanpolicy.org/library/report/maintaining-us-leadership-global-nuclear-energy-markets Pg.22 Accessed 9/27/2012 DMW

Strategic Goal: Historically, the United States has been a leader in nuclear technology
AND
related research, development, and deployment (RDandD) programs.

Energy production will generate jobs and support for nuclear power
U.S. Chamber of Commerce 2/9/2012 U.S. Chamber Applauds NRC Approval of New Nuclear Reactors http://www.uschamber.com/press/releases/2012/february/us-chamber-applauds-nrc-approval-new-nuclear-reactors Accessed 9/27/2012 DMW
WASHINGTON, D.C.—Karen Harbert, president and CEO of the U.S. Chamber’s Institute for 21st Century Energy, issued the following statement regarding the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC) decision to approve the Combined Construction and Operating License (COL) for units 3 and 4 at Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, GA:

“The approval of two new nuclear reactors at Plant Vogtle represents an enormous milestone
AND
saw fit to join them. Nevertheless, today’s decision is worth celebrating.”

Turn—winners win—only through bold expenditures of political capital can the president replenish his political clout
Heineman, 3-23-10 (Ben, “No presidential greatness without spending political capital,” http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/no-presidential-greatness-without-spending-political-capital/37865/) 

Only in recent months, when he was willing to make it his personal issue
AND
deeds are possible for a president without a willingness to risk political standing.

Obama always keeps himself out of the fray – puts the democrats in the light
Stirewalt 3/17
Chris Stirewalt is FOX News’ digital politics editor. His political note, Power Play, is available every weekday morning, Dems May Complain, But Obama’s Disengagement is Nothing New, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/03/15/dems-complain-obamas-disengagement-new/jap

But in Congress, Democrats, both moderate and liberal, continue to wonder aloud
AND
steering it in the right direction and preserving his powers for important moments.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Saudi Arabia’s flooding the market and riving down prices now.
Said 7/30/12 Summer Said, “ Saudi Oil Output Seen at Record Pace,” Wall Street Journal, July 30, 2012 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444130304577558343380816080.html?mod=googlenews_wsj

Saudi Arabia is on track to surpass its record oil output this year, analysts
AND
supply as they implement sanctions intended to press Iran over its nuclear program. 

Oil prices dropping because of a weak Eurozone.
Kahn 8/2/12 Chris Kahn, AP energy Writer, “Oil drops near $87; natural gas falls 8 pct.” August 2, 2012, http://www.boston.com/business/news/2012/08/02/oil-prices-drop-below/LVr2JoFmgyM4TBHw5f4eaO/story.html

The price of oil dropped 2 percent on Thursday after the head of the European
AND
end the day at $87.13 per barrel in New York. 

Price down- supply
AP 10/26 Oil price retreats to near $85 per barrel as ample supplies surpass demand, October 26, 2012, Associated Press, http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/10/26/oil-prices-retreat-below-86-per-barrel-as-ample-supplies-surpass-demand/

Ample supplies helped send oil prices down to near $85 per barrel on Friday
AND
a little bit disappointing in terms of people's demand outlook," Spooner said.

Other countries trigger the link.
Koch 12—Wendy Koch is USA Today Staff. “U.S. oil production is up, so why are gas prices so high?” 4/19/2012, http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/story/2012-04-21/global-factors-gasoline-prices/54421804/1

Given America's new oil rush, it would seem the best of times for gas
AND
of the world's supply last year and 53% of what the nation used

No link—oil and nuclear power are used for different purposes—there’s no trade-off.

Plan solves diversification—cooperative EU-Russia framework.
Van der Hoeven 12—Maria van der Hoeven is the Executive Director @ International Energy Agency. “Factors shaping energy markets and implications for EU-Russia Relations” February 12, 2012, http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/speec
hes/zurich_eu_russia.pdf Accessed date: 8-29-12 y2k

While the nature of the energy relationship between the EU and Russia may be changing
AND
energy resources, can be instrumental to achieving European energy and climate goals.

High prices kill India’s economy.
Sharma and Choudhury 12—Rakesh Sharma and Santanu Choudhury are WSJ staff. “India Oil Imports Cloud Economic Picture” 4-30-12, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304050304577375682575260526.html, Accessed date” 8-29-12 y2k

NEW DELHI—India said its crude imports in the 2012 fiscal year rose 5
AND
compared to the massive amount of crude imports needed to fuel the refineries. 

Extinction.
Bouton ‘10 (Marshall M., President – Chicago Council on Global Affairs, “America’s Interests in India”, CNAS Working Paper, October, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_USInterestsinIndia_ Bouton.pdf)

In South Asia, the most immediately compelling U.S. interest is preventing
AND
and terrorism, and much greater potential for unchecked interstate and civil conflict.

Price collapse inevitable – diversification is only way to survive
Paikin 12 Zach Paikin is a columnist for Canada's iPolitics and contributes research on international affairs to several Washington-based think tanks and institutes, April 11, 2012, “Coping in an increasingly competitive global economy”, http://www.ipolitics.ca/2012/04/11/zach-paikin-coping-with-less-revenues-in-an-increasingly-competitive-global-economy/
It gets worse. The price of oil is about to collapse due to the
AND
rate of all natural gas exports from the Middle East and North Africa.

Nuclear doesn’t tradeoff with oil---electricity not liquid fuel
Styles 12 Geoffrey, Managing Director of GSW Strategy Group, LLC, an energy and environmental strategy consulting firm, "How Helpless Are We in the Face of Rising Oil Prices?", February 24, energyoutlook.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-helpless-are-we-in-face-of-rising.html
To see why requires a sense of how the oil market works, as well
AND
prices now and in the near future, they are a rhetorical diversion.

No perception of immediate effect on price.  
Hamilton 2008 James D. Hamilton Department of Economics, University of California, San Diego “Understanding Crude Oil Prices,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14492, November 2008 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14492 

Figure 4 reminds us why it is difficult to be completely convinced by any of
AND
run and long-run responses is also problematic (Breunig, 2008).

Nuclear power is not competitive with natural gas or coal now
Fahring, 2011,
(T.L., Texas Eleventh Court of Appeals Law Clerk with interest in energy law, "NOTE: Nuclear Uncertainty: A Look at the Uncertainties of a U.S. Nuclear Renaissance", Texas Environmental Law Journal, 41 Tex. Envtl. L.J. 279, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 9-4-12

Another serious obstacle to nuclear development is that without government subsidies, new nuclear power
AND
represents a post-construction operating and revenue uncertainty to nuclear developers. n150

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Electricity prices are affected by demand – link inevitable
Gray, Former European Union Affairs Special Envoy, 2012,
(C. Boyden, “The U.S. should ditch energy subsidies; We should be building a networked electrical grid instead”, Charleston Daily Mail (West Virginia), 10-19, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 11-3-12

Electricity, like politics, is local. The hard truth is that wind does
AND
far more than a kilowatt-hour produced intermittently or off-peak.

Plan not key – gas prices determine electricity prices
Stratfor, 10-4, 2012,
(Dean Baker, “The New York Times Completely Missed The Distortions In Last Night's Debate, And Labeled It A Clash Of Philosophies”, 10-4, PAS) 

Mr. Romney presumably knows that taxes are no higher today than they were in
AND
effect, it is implausible to believe that they reflect a political philosophy.

Non-unique – putting the military on the grid costs millions – significantly increasing the price of electricity.  Aff solves by getting the military off the grid.
Newsminer - October 18, 2012 ("Connecting Clear will cost us: High power prices, new heat plant make buying GVEA electricity unwise", http://newsminer.com/view/full_story/20540027/article-Connecting-Clear-will-cost-us~-~-High-power-prices~-~-new-heat-plant-make-buying-GVEA-electricity-unwise?instance=home_opinion_community_perspectives - accessed 10/20/12) kc

The News-Miner published
AND
$8.8 million current operating costs.

Price increases inevitable – EPA regulations will increases energy costs by billions in the near future.
Zanesville Times Recorder - October 19, 2012 ("Some say regulations to blame for high energy costs", http://www.zanesvilletimesrecorder.com/article/20121019/NEWS01/310190008 - accessed 10/20/12) kc

ZANESVILLE — Jeremiah Clegg said energy costs \
and

 the country is trying to pull out of a recession.

Prices have already gone up.
Zanesville Times Recorder - October 19, 2012 ("Some say regulations to blame for high energy costs", http://www.zanesvilletimesrecorder.com/article/20121019/NEWS01/310190008 - accessed 10/20/12) kc

Johnson and fellow U.S. Rep. Pat Tiberi
and
are also crushing small business.”

Link turn – nuclear power keeps prices down.
Cunningham - October 2012 ("Small Modular Reactors: A Possible Path Forward for Nuclear Power", by Nick Cunningham, http://americansecurityproject.org/ASP%20Reports/Ref%200087%20-%20Small%20Modular%20Reactors.pdf - accessed 10/20/12) kc

Third, nuclear power serves as
, and
America is well-positioned to capture much of that new business. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
President Obama’s already allocated funds for SMR’s – takes out the link
Tomich, 4/25/2012
Jeffrey, St.Louis Post-Dispatch, Small nuclear reactors generate hype, questions about cost” http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/small-nuclear-reactors-generate-hype-questions-about-cost/article_39757dba-8e5c-11e1-9883-001a4bcf6878.html, Accessed 8/18/2012 DMW

Andrew Klein, a nuclear engineering professor at Oregon State University, sees small reactors
AND
have the potential to be licensed and in commercial operation in a decade.

No link-SMRs most cost effective nuclear power-
Taylor, Ford  and Reinschmidt 2011
Timothy, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky David, Associate Professor and Urban/Beaver Development Professor, Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas AandM University Kenneth,  The impact of public policy and societal risk perception on U.S. civilian nuclear power plant construction, http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000516, Pg.4-5 (accessed 5/15/2012

The nuclear industry has developed several strategies to address the risks associated with the societal
AND
nuclear plant construction from society’s increased perception of the risks of nuclear power?

Link turn: nuclear power is popular with investors
Ragheb 3-9-2012 (Magdi Ragheb, PhD in nuclear engineering. Professor at U. of Illinois; https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/www/NPRE%20402%20ME%20405%20Nuclear%20Power%20Engineering/Restarting%20the%20USA%20Stalled%20Nuclear%20Renaissance.pdf 8/28/2012)

The nuclear industry can point to several advances: existing plants are more efficent and cost effective, designs for the next generation of reactors makes them reliable and safe, standardized construction plans and a streamlined licensing process should help make nuclear power an attractive investment.

SMR development key to US manufacturing industry
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011
Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

Finally, a significant appeal of SMRs is their ability to be manufac- tured
AND
, spurring domestic job creation and international leadership in key nuclear supply areas.

Collapse of manufacturing destroys the economy
Vargo 2003
Franklin, National Association of Manufacturers, Federal News Service, 10-1-2003jap
I would like to begin my statement with a review of why manufacturing is vital
AND
, is why the United States cannot become a "nation of shopkeepers."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Global nuclear expansion inevitable
Tirone 9/19/12 (Jonathan, Associated Press, “Nuclear Power Production Set to Grow Even After Japan Phase-Out (Vienna),” http://www.northjersey.com/news/international/170334006_Nuclear_Power_Production_Set_to_Grow_Even_After_Japan_Phase-Out__Vienna_.html?page=all, DATE ACCESSED: 10/31/12) TM

Nuclear power is set to grow over the next four decades even after Japan shuts
AND
Germany and Switzerland announced plans to phase out nuclear power after the meltdowns.

IAEA overstretched now and empirically fails
Findlay 12 Trevor, Senior Fellow at Centre for International Governance Innovation and Director of the Canadian Centre for Treaty Compliance and Professor at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, “UNLEASHING THE NUCLEAR WATCHDOG: strengthening and reform of the IAEA”, http://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/IAEA_final_0.pdf
In spite of this well-deserved reputation and its apparently starry prospects, the
AND
room for improvement, especially in detecting undeclared materials, facilities and activities.

No deaths from nuclear meltdowns
Drum 11 Kevin, political blogger for Mother Jones, "Nukes and the Free Market", March 14, www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2011/03/nukes-and-free-market
We’re currently told that the death toll in Japan will be at least 10,
AND
the worst case the containment vessels will almost certainly restrict the worst damage.

IAEA inspection overstretch inevitable:
Iran
AFP 9-18 “IAEA chief vows to continue talks with Iran”, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\09\18\story_18-9-2012_pg14_4
VIENNA: The head of the UN atomic agency said
AND
with the IAEA to cover a range of issues.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
SMR’s used to complement renewables, not replace
Clegg and El-Shanawany, Sept 2012
Richard, is the Global Nuclear Director for Lloyd’s Register. He has worked in the nuclear industry for almost 30 years, in business, academia and government. Prior to joining Lloyd’s Register, Professor Clegg was the MD of the UK National Nuclear Centre of Excellence, and before that Chief Scientist at the UK Atomic Weapons Establishment. He was the founder and Director of the Dalton Nuclear Institute at the University of Manchester, and began his career with BNFL, leaving as the Group Science Director Mamdouh, is the Nuclear Technical Director of Energy at Lloyd’s Register. He was previously at the International Atomic Energy Agency where he was Head of Safety Assessment Section, the Division of Nuclear Installations Safety. Professor El-Shanawany was a member of the IAEA team that shared the 2005 Nobel Prize for Peace. Before moving to nuclear regulation he spent almost 20 years within the UK nuclear industry. He is currently a visiting professor of Nuclear Engineering at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London University, “Small Modular Reactors, Ingenia Online, Article Isssue 52, Sept.2012 http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/articles.aspx?Index=794 Accessed 92/2012 DMW

These small modular reactors (SMR) could provide power to remote electrical grids in
AND
be cooled, reducing the likelihood of vessel failure during an adverse event.

Natural gas failure inevitable in the future – price volatility
Lamonica 2012
MARTIN LAMONICA, Technology Review Correspondent, Thursday, August 9, 2012, A Glut of Natural Gas Leaves Nuclear Power Stalled, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/428737/a-glut-of-natural-gas-leaves-nuclear-power/#commentsjap

The nuclear renaissance is in danger of petering out before it has even begun,
AND
one basket because of the new kid on the block called shale gas."

That kills the economy
Huff, 4/6/2012
 Jordon B “Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University” Nuclear Energy Production: Benefitting from the Energy of the Future, http://www.cosmicscribbler.com/erau/Resources/NuclearEnergy.pdf, Pg.5 Accessed 8/16/2012 DMW

The use of oil and gas as a fuel burned for its energy content has
AND
emissions from power generation” (Gunkel, p. 75, 2006).

Impact turn: Current natural gas production increases global warming
Howarth et al 2010
(Robert W. Howarth • Renee Santoro • Anthony Ingraffea, 12 November 2010 “Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations” http://www.springerlink.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/content/e384226wr4160653/fulltext.pdf)

Summing all estimated losses, we calculate that during the life cycle of an average
AND
19% greater than that for¶ conventional gas (Fig. 1b).

Impact, warming causes extinction
Tickell 2008
Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Gaurdian, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, 8-11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ commentisfree/2008/aug/11/ climatechangejap

We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson told
AND
warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No U/Q –Fissions Nuclear Plants cause Pollution in the SQUO
CSAG No Date Community Science Action Guides accessed 8/27/12 at http://www.fi.edu/guide/csag.html  PK 

The fission nuclear power plants that are already in use have produced thousands of tons
AND
not normally thrive to grow and kill off some of the previous inhabitants.

2. Case Solves – SMRs solve emissions
Wheeler ’11 Associate Editor for Power Engineering, “Small Modular Reactors Are “Hot”” published 2/1/11/accessed 8/27/12 PK 

One of the “hottest” topics being discussed in the U.S.
AND
U.S. may not come until the 2018 to 2020 timeframe.

Tons of alt causes
Brook 4 (Robert D. M.D., et al, “Air Pollution and the Cardiovascular Disease”, Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association, 6-1, http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/109/21/2655#SEC1/) 

A brief description of several individual air pollutants is provided first for background. A
AND
(eg, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, and vanadium). 

Global air pollution inevitable
Watson 5 (Traci, Staff Writer – USA Today, “Air Pollution From Other Countries Drifts into USA”, USA Today, 3-13, http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/climate/2005-03-13-pollution-_x.htm)

Americans drive imported cars, wear imported clothes and chug imported beers. Now scientists
AND
in U.S. air quality that have cost billions of dollars. 

-- No impact
Schwartz 3 (Joel, Adjunct Scholar – Competitive Enterprise Institute, “Particulate Air Pollution: Weighing the Risks”, April, http://cei.org/pdf/3452.pdf)

Nonetheless, both the Bush
AND
the standard will be expensive, but is unlikely to improve public health. 

Long time-frame
Kay 1 (Jane, “Study Takes Historical Peek at Plight of Ocean Ecosystems”, San Francisco Chronicle, 7-26, Lexis)

The collapse of ecosystems often occur over a long period. In one example,
AND
otters for food because there are fewer seals and sea lions to eat.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Renewable investment low now – global trend and new technologies have led to decline
Danko, Earth Techling, 10-14, 2012,
(Pete, "Clean Energy Investment Slows Amid Uncertainty", Huffington Post, 10-14, PAS) www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/14/clean-energy-investment_n_1962448.html?utm_hp_ref=green 11-4-12 

The wheels haven’t come off, but global investment in clean energy, after racing
AND
megawatt capacity can now be purchased for significantly fewer dollars,” Bloomberg said.

Renewable sector fails inevitably – lack of regulations and uncertainty in programs
Herald Online, 10-15, 2012,
(Reportlinker, "United States Renewables Report Q4 2012", 10-15, PAS) www.heraldonline.com/2012/10/15/4338637/united-states-renewables-report.html 11-4-12 

BMI View: Following a decade of robust and consistent growth, the US's non
AND
the country's subsidy programmes weigh heavily on our growth projections for the industry.

Renewables sector failing now – low electricity demand and low natural gas prices
Cardwell, New York Times Energy Reporter, 9-20, 2012,
(Diane, "Tax Credit in Doubt, Wind Power Industry Is Withering", New York Times, 9-20, PAS) www.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/business/energy-environment/as-a-tax-credit-wanes-jobs-vanish-in-wind-power-industry.html?ref=dianecardwell

Similar cuts are happening throughout the American wind sector, which includes hundreds of manufacturers
AND
tax credit that makes wind power more competitive with other sources of electricity.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Low oil prices- Russian losses
Marson ’12 (“Rosneft swings to Q2 loss amid lower crude prices”, Aug. 1, 2012, James Marson, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/rosneft-swings-to-q2-loss-amid-lower-crude-prices-2012-08-01

MOSCOW--Russian state-controlled oil producer OAO Rosneft Wednesday announced an unexpected second-quarter net loss of 8 billion Russian rubles (248 million dollars) on the back of lower crude prices, the ending of tax breaks for its giant Vankor field, and foreign exchange losses because of exchange rate volatility.

Low prices- stock and producer declines
Galouchko and Corcoran ’12 (“Russia Stocks Drops To Week Low As Oil Falls On Draghi Inaction”, Ksenia Galouchko and Jason Corcoran - Aug 2, 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-02/russia-stocks-drops-to-week-low-as-oil-falls-on-draghi-inaction.html

Russian stocks declined to the lowest in a week after oil dropped as European Central
AND
Europe. Oil and gas contribute about 50 percent of Russia’s state revenue.

Alt cause to oil price decline
The Economist, 7/7
(The Economist “Oil prices Rollercoaster Another leap. Where next?”  Jul 7th 2012 http://www.economist.com/node/21558310?zid=298andah=0bc99f9da8f185b2964b6cef412227be DATE ACCESSED: 9/1/12)

Second, the supply picture is looking less promising. Iranian sanctions could take more
AND
their way should help to temper the market’s mood swings for a while.

No perception of immediate effect on price.  
Hamilton 2008 James D. Hamilton Department of Economics, University of California, San Diego “Understanding Crude Oil Prices,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14492, November 2008 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14492 

Figure 4 reminds us why it is difficult to be completely convinced by any of
AND
run and long-run responses is also problematic (Breunig, 2008).

Price down- supply
AP 10/26 Oil price retreats to near $85 per barrel as ample supplies surpass demand, October 26, 2012, Associated Press, http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/10/26/oil-prices-retreat-below-86-per-barrel-as-ample-supplies-surpass-demand/

Ample supplies helped send oil prices down to near $85 per barrel on Friday
AND
a little bit disappointing in terms of people's demand outlook," Spooner said.

Other countries trigger the link.
Koch 12—Wendy Koch is USA Today Staff. “U.S. oil production is up, so why are gas prices so high?” 4/19/2012, http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/story/2012-04-21/global-factors-gasoline-prices/54421804/1

Given America's new oil rush, it would seem the best of times for gas
AND
of the world's supply last year and 53% of what the nation used

Plan solves diversification—cooperative EU-Russia framework.
Van der Hoeven 12—Maria van der Hoeven is the Executive Director @ International Energy Agency. “Factors shaping energy markets and implications for EU-Russia Relations” February 12, 2012, http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/speec
hes/zurich_eu_russia.pdf Accessed date: 8-29-12 y2k

While the nature of the energy relationship between the EU and Russia may be changing
AND
energy resources, can be instrumental to achieving European energy and climate goals.

High prices kill India’s economy.
Sharma and Choudhury 12—Rakesh Sharma and Santanu Choudhury are WSJ staff. “India Oil Imports Cloud Economic Picture” 4-30-12, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304050304577375682575260526.html, Accessed date” 8-29-12 y2k

NEW DELHI—India said its crude imports in the 2012 fiscal year rose 5
AND
compared to the massive amount of crude imports needed to fuel the refineries. 

Extinction.
Bouton ‘10 (Marshall M., President – Chicago Council on Global Affairs, “America’s Interests in India”, CNAS Working Paper, October, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_USInterestsinIndia_ Bouton.pdf)

In South Asia, the most immediately compelling U.S. interest is preventing
AND
and terrorism, and much greater potential for unchecked interstate and civil conflict.

No impact to Russian economy
Blackwill ‘9 (former associate dean of the Kennedy School of Government and Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Planning, Robert, RAND, “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution”, http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf

Now on to Russia. Again, five years from today. Did the global
AND
are likely to be changed in any serious way by the economic crisis.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Uranium prices high
Swanepoel 8/29
(Esmarie Swanepoel “Higher uranium prices required for future investment - Bannerman” 29th August 2012 http://www.miningweekly.com/article/higher-uranium-prices-required-for-future-investment~-~--bannerman-2012-08-29) TM

PERTH (miningweekly.com) - Future uranium prices would have to reach levels
AND
to drive companies like ourselves to invest in uranium production,” Jubber said.

Uranium prices expected to increase
Resource Investing News 8/22
(Resource Investing News “Uranium Prices Expected To Firm Up By Year-End” 08/22/12 http://www.thestreet.com/story/11674380/3/uranium-prices-expected-to-firm-up-by-year-end.html DATE ACCESSED: 9/3/12) TM

David Talbot, senior mining analyst at Dundee Securities, believes we're now witnessing the
AND
extremely price sensitive and any increase in offer prices causes buyers to retreat.”

Massive amount of uranium waiting to be mined- Virginia proves
Hammack and Sluss 11 (Laurence Hammack and Michael Sluss- Staff Writers for Roanoke News, “Uranium in Pittsylvania County: buried treasure or threat?” December 12, 2011¶ http://www.roanoke.com/news/roanoke/wb/302279 DATE ACCESSED: 9/18/12) TM

Uranium, and the radiation it carries, is all around us.¶ The naturally
AND
thinking his machine was malfunctioning to show such high levels, Coles recalled.

Alt cause- china
Sadowski 8/28
(David Sadowski “Why Uranium Prices Will Spike in 2013: Raymond James” THE ENERGY REPORT, ON AUGUST 28TH, 2012 http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2012/08/28/why-uranium-prices-will-spike-in-2013-raymond-james/) TM

Meanwhile in China, the government
And
by the end of this decade.

Uranium mining key to US economy
Bozick 11 (TARA BOZICK staff writer for GoDanRiver “Study reports uranium economic benefits”¶ November 30, 2011 http://www2.godanriver.com/news/2011/nov/30/study-reports-uranium-economic-benefits-ar-1505248/ DATE ACCESSED: 9/18/12) TM

Uranium mining in Pittsylvania County could bring jobs and revenue to economically struggling Southside,
AND
$3.1 million per year in state and local tax revenue.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Reps don’t affect reality – material structure are more important
Tuathail 96 (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct)

While theoretical debates at academic conferences  are important to academics, the discourse and concerns
AND
needs to always be open to the patterned mess that is  human history.

It’s impossible to escape anthropocentrism—the alt fails.
Grey 93 — William Grey, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland, 1993 (“Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology,” Australiasian Journal of Philosophy, Volume 71, Number 4, Available Online at http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/anthropocentrism.html, Accessed 07-27-2011)
The attempt to provide a genuinely non-anthropocentric set of values, or preferences
AND
, and ourselves, going for a few more cosmic seconds 10.
  

Perm do plan then the alternative- Only the permutation enables tough decision-making—the alternative alone results in policy and ethical paralysis.
Grey 93 — William Grey, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland, 1993 (“Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology,” Australiasian Journal of Philosophy, Volume 71, Number 4, Available Online at http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/anthropocentrism.html, Accessed 07-27-2011)
There are a number of problems with such a permissive criterion of moral considerability.  
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but choosing the right level of organization is an interest-sensitive matter.  

3. Human life outweighs –human survival allows for other forms of survival through human skills at adaptation.
J. G. Matheny, Ph. D. candidate, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, December 6, 2007, “Ought we worry about human extinction?,” online: http://jgmatheny.org/extinctionethics.htm

Moral philosophers have not written much about human extinction. This may be because they underestimate the potential benefits of human
survival and/or the risks of human extinction. If we survive the next
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, humanity is the animal kingdom’s best long-term hope for survival.

We need an all-inclusive vision of the world that transcends all current oppressions and relational hierarchies. Only all encompassing social movements can save us from the culture of death called “civilization.”
Best 2012 Steven Best is professor of philosophy at the University of Texas at El Paso (The Rise and Fall of Critical Animal Studies)http://www.liberazioni.org/articoli/BestS-TheRise(and%20Fall)ofCriticalAnimalStudies.pdf

Politics as usual won't cut it anymore. We will always lose if we play
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in many cases, the 2011 resistance and occupation movements sweeping across Europe,
the US, and elsewhere. 15 Narrow windows of opportunity are rapidly
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and indeed the biocommunity – or Gaia – that encompasses our entire planet.

Human extinction bad - humans are unique- ability to engage in symbolic action is key to agency.
Enos 96 Theresa Enos, Encyclopedia of rhetoric and composition, 710-711, 1996

A concept that pervades the humanities and the social and behavioral sciences; refers to
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the scene or situation, as well as the act itself and   its purpose  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences
Jeffrey C. Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 2002, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine

Power is not a dirty word or an unfortunate feature of the world. It
AND
not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Alt fails- lack of cap leads to transition wars
Harris, fellow Hoover Institution, 2003
(Lee, “The Intellectual Origins of America-Bashing”, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458371.html)

This is the immiserization thesis of Marx. And it is central to revolutionary Marxism
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the social order and all socialist schemes would be reduced to pipe dreams.

Capitalism solves war
Griswold, director of the Cato Institute Center for Trade Policy Studies, 2005
(Daniel, “Peace on Earth? Try Free Trade among  Men”, 12-28, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=5344, )

As one little-noticed headline on an Associated Press story recently reported, "
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acquire them peacefully by trading away what they can produce best at home. 

Rejection won’t dislodge capitalism – no critical mass exists 

Grossberg 92 (Lawrence, Professor of Communication Studies – UNC-Chapel Hill and Chair of the Executive Committee of the University Program in Cultural Studies, We Gotta Get Out of This Place: Popular Conservatism and Postmodern Culture, p. 388-389)

If it is capitalism that is at stake, our moral opposition to it has
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context to effectively organize people, and too vague to provide any direction.

Alt fails – cap is too strong.
Carroll 10 – founding director of the Social Justice Studies Program at  the University of Victoria (William, “Crisis, movements, counter-hegemony: in search of the new,”  Interface 2:2)

Just as hegemony has been increasingly organized on a transnational basis through the globalization of
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Gramscian war of position to the global scale’ (Karriem 2009: 324).

Humanity’s drive for wealth is inevitable-
Nash, philosophy professor, at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2002
(Ronald, “Government is too big and it’s costing you!” http://www.summit.org/resources/govistoobig.htm,)

Among all of our economic options, Arthur Shenfield writes, only capitalism "operates
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their reduction to serfdom by the new privileged class of Socialist rulers."42

Cap solves disease
Mahmoud et al 6 (Adel, Senior Molecular Biologist in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs – Princeton University, Former President – Merck Vaccines, The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control: Exploring the Consequences and Opportunities,” http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11588andpage=80)
Changes in travel and trade and the disruption of economic and cultural norms have accelerated
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international training in epidemiology, public health, and tropical medicine in particular. 

extinction
Scotsman 95 (9-11, “The Mega Death”, p. 13, Lexis)
Bullets and bombs may be the weapons of the present, but plagues, viruses
AND
no longer just governments which had the capability to engage in biological warfare.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences
Isaac ‘2Jeffrey C. Isaac, James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life at Indiana University, Bloomington. He writes regularly for Dissent, and his most recent book is Democracy in Dark Times. “Ends, Means, and Politics”at http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=601

As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

They link to their methodology arguments—their authors face the same ideological constraints
Jef Huysmans 2002 Alternatives January-March 27:1 Infotrac

The critical quality rests on the assumption that representations of the world make a difference
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one deals with the wider symbolic order within which security practice is entrenched.
es (Waltz 1979, Copeland 2000, Mearsheimer 2001), the volume of trade
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theory, large-N statistical analysis, and hermeneutical or interpretivist approaches. 

Perm do both
Their mindset shift arguments are wrong – political action is key
Fotopoulos, 2k (Takis, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Polytechnic of North London, Editor of The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy, “The limitations of Life-style strategies: The Ecovillage ‘Movement’ is NOT the way towards a new democratic society,” The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy, July 2000, Volume 6, Number 2,)

So, social transformation towards an inclusive democracy would never come about by ‘example
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a new relation between the sexes, identities, or society and nature. 

Growth is inherently sustainable – capitalism provides an incentive to preserve resources – eventual high prices will curb consumption – triggers a mindset shift towards sustainability without collapse
Cudd, 11 (Ann E., Professor of Philosophy, Associate Dean for Humanities, University of Kansas, “Capitalism, For and Against - A Feminist Debate,” Cambridge University Press, Section 3)

I agree with Professor Holmstrom that we should be very concerned with pollution, and
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from the more scarce, and therefore more expensive, privately owned good. 

Perm do plan and all non mutually exclusive parts of the alt

Consumption is a Human Necessity, the alt doenst solve
Wilk 2002 - Ph.D. in Anthropology, University of Arizona, Provost Professor of Anthropology (Richard, Consumption, human needs, and global environmental change,  http://ac.els-cdn.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/S0959378001000280/1-s2.0-S0959378001000280-main.pdf?_tid=9e9d844ccd262ce7cb72228cb6867674andacdnat=1340735574_f26d14ee6db898338b27786d06d8d816)

There have been several excellent reviews of consumption theory recently, which note the diversity
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vulnerable to the media, and some form of protection is therefore needed.

A total Degrowth Is Impossible The aff is a sufficient Change
Nebbia 2012 – Professor of Commodity Economics at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Bari (Giorgo, The Unsustainability of Sustainability, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 23:2, 95-107, 5/1/12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2012.675236)

The welfare and survival of people depends on the availability of food and water,
AND
to envisage a system of human and international relations that are less unsustainable.

Reducing Consumption Doesn’t Solve
Van de Bergh – 10 PhD in Economics from VU University Amsterdam Professor of Environmental Economics (1997-2007) and Professor of ´Nature, Water and Space´ (2002-2007) at VU University Amsterdam, and Member of the Energy Council of the Netherlands (Jeroen, Environment versus growth — A criticism of “degrowth” and a plea for “a-growth”, http://degrowth.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/van-den-bergh_degrowth-and-a-growth.pdf)

The second interpretation of degrowth means striving for a reduction in the amount of consumption
AND
a communist society which will undoubtedly be difficult to obtain political support for.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
And – our dystopian images of the possibility of mass death are key to mobilizing political action towards new, hopeful futures.
Kurasawa 4 (Fuyuki, Professor of Sociology – York University of Toronto, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight”, Constellations, 11(4))

Returning to the point I made at the beginning of this paper, the significance
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-political action, spurring citizens’ involvement in the work of preventive foresight. 

Discursive focus is bad – ignores real political consequences and abandons political action.
Taft-Kaufman 95 (Jill, Professor of Speech – CMU, Southern Communication Journal, 60(3), Spring)

The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported
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political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them. 

Depictions of death and injustice sparks anger that is needed to mobilize activism
Adams 86 (David, Former Director of the Unit for the International Year for the Culture of Peace @ the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Former Professor of Psychology, Wesleyan University, and Specialist, Yale on Brain Mechanisms of Aggressive Behavior (“The Role of Anger in the Consciousness Development of Peace Activists” – International Journal of Psychophysiology, Vol. 4)  http://www.culture-of-peace.info/psychophysiology/title-page.html) 

Similarly, the first action of Helen Caldicott was preceded by anger. The following
AND
anger inspires the initial act which consists of writing a letter of protest. 

Death is ontologically evil and we should struggle against it.
Paterson 3—Craig Paterson, Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island ,“A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, SAGEPub.
 
Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that
AND
the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
This eco-spirituality and rejection of rationality devolves into green fascism and authoritarianism.
BIEHL AND STAUDENMAIER 1995 (Janet and Peter, “Ecofascism: Lessons from the German Experience,” http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/germany/sp001630/ecofasc.html, Accssed 10/17/12, mcmc)

For many such people, it may come as a surprise to learn that the
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Nazi "ecological" ideology was used to justify the destruction of European Jewr
y. Yet some of the themes that Nazi ideologists articulated bear an uncomfortably close
AND
explores this hijacking of ecology for racist, nationalistic, and fascist ends.

And – the enlightenment is good – key to stopping atrocity and genocide.
Furedi 5 (Frank, Professor of Sociology – University of Kent, Politics of Fear, p. 97-98)

When the inclination is to wallow in the dark side of humanity, it is
AND
and the improvement of humanity in both a material and moral sense arises.

Environmental philosophy doesn’t solve short-term degradation, which makes their ethic irrelevant
Norton 2003 Bryan, Prof. of Philosophy, Science, and Technology at School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Fall, Environs, 27 Environs Envtl. L. and Pol'y J. 81

Given this distinction between internal and external questions, environmental ethicists can be sorted into
AND
environmental resources and damage to ecological systems will likely occur in the interim.

Perm – do the plan and all non-competitive parts of the alternative

Science is key to prevent extinction – their relativism justifies a conservative take-over and threatens all of human progress
Berube 11 (Michael, Ph.D. from the U of Virginia, Director of the Institute for the Arts and Humanities at Pennsylvania State U, Winter, www.democracyjournal.org/19/6789.php?page=5, Accessed 10/17/12, mcmc)

But what of Sokal’s chief post-hoax claim that the academic left’s critiques of
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arguments, combined with the left-populist distrust of “experts” a

nd “professionals” and assorted high-and-mighty muckety-mucks who
AND
? Why can’t I simply say that the argument is closed for good? 

Their K is the pinnacle of anti-intellectualism – science is key to confronting every societal problem like global warming
Berube 11 (Michael, Ph.D. from the U of Virginia, Director of the Institute for the Arts and Humanities at Pennsylvania State U, Winter, www.democracyjournal.org/19/6789.php?page=5, Accessed 10/17/12, mcmc)

Why, indeed? Why not say, definitively, that anthropogenic climate change is
AND
, sustainable energy and other social practices that will keep the planet habitable.
\

The state is key to environmentalism – the alternative fails
Eckersley 04 (Robyn Eckersley, Professor in the School of Politics, Sociology, and Criminology @ University of Melbourne, 2004. The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty. Pg. 4-6)

This inquiry thus swims against a significant tide of green political theory that is mostly
AND
advance ecological emancipation without also engaging with and seeking to transform state power.

Science and reason are good – key to progressive politics and stopping oppression – turns the K.
Sokal 96 Alan Sokal, Professor of Physics at New York University, 1996 (“A Plea for Reason, Evidence and Logic,” Talk Presented at a Forum at New York University, October 26th, Available Online at http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/nyu_forum.html, Accessed 07-31-2010)

I didn't write the parody for the reasons you might at first think. My
AND
the most prominent and pernicious manifestation of anti-intellectualism in our time.

Blaming ideologies for environmental degradation inevitably fails and abandons policymaking.
Norton 2003 Bryan Norton, Prof. of Philosophy, Science, and Technology at School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Fall 2003, Environs, 27 Environs Envtl. L. and Pol'y J. 81

I accept Stone's data, which shows that environmental ethicists have had little impact on
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limiting the scope of environmental ethics and philosophy to non-anthropocentric approaches.
 
And – their method is bad – using ideology as a method for environmental action shuts down democratic deliberation over environmental action.
Norton 2003 Bryan Norton, Prof. of Philosophy, Science, and Technology at School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Fall 2003, Environs, 27 Environs Envtl. L. and Pol'y J. 81

We should hope for an end to the Age of Ideology because the effects of
AND
simply exacerbates the ideological ferment and blocks reasonable deliberation about what to do.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Value to life is subjective
Swartz 02 (L. Shwartz “A Value to Life: Who Decides and How?” Medical ethics: a case-based approach 2002 www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf)

Those who choose to reason on this basis hope that if the quality of a
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need to know which considerations can be used to protect the patient’s interests.

Death precedes all other impacts – it ontologically destroys the subject and prevents any alternative way of knowing the world
Paterson ‘3- Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com)

Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that
AND
the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82

Management is inevitable- Past interventions will result in extinction unless actively reversed
Levy 99- PhD @ Centre for Critical Theory at Monash
Neil, “Discourses of the Environment,” ed: Eric Darier, p. 215
If the ‘technological fix’ is unlikely to be more successful than strategies of limitation
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and of those with whom we share this planet, will be decided?

Perm Do both- Action and reflection on consequences of that action are compatible.
Padrutt, 92 – Psychiatrist and President of the Daseinsanalyse Gesellschaft – 1992 (Hanspeter Padrutt, Heidegger and the Earth, “Heidegger and Ecology,” ed. LaDelle McWhorter, P.31)

Once in a while the conceptual interplay of theory and praxis is put against this
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– e.g., a cybernetic worldview – that also has consequences.

Calculation has its purpose-Heidegger concedes
Langer 03 (Monika, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Victoria, Eco-phenomenology : back to the earth itself, p. 113)

It is worth pondering whether so-called environmental issues require an approach that is
AND
gigantic gasoline station, an energy source for modern technology and industry."21

Technological thought is permissible in response to extinction
David Campbell, Professor of International Politics, University of Newcastle, 1999 (Moral Spaces: Rethinking Ethics and World Politics) p. 56

104. Ibid., 76-79. Levinas has also argued for a politics
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we must resort to the technico-political systems of means and ends."

alt leads to extinction
Santoni, Professor of Philosophy at Denison University, 1985
(Ronald E., “Nuclear War: Philosophical Perspectives,” p. 156-7)

To be sure, Fox sees the need for our undergoing "certain fundamental changes
AND
will ultimate violence be removed as the final arbiter of our planet's fate.

Permutation – do the plan and all non-mutally exclusive parts of the alternative.
A total rejection of science and rationality is arbitrary and uncessary – we should embrace technology
Marsh 95 (James L., Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, Critique, Action, and Liberation p. 227-228 GAL)

In contrast to Heidegger's basically negative account of modern rationality as a calculation rooted in
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is. therefore, not only arbitrary, but redundant and unnecessary. 21 

Heidegger’s Alt is can never lead to positive change.
Thiele Professor of Political Science at the University of Florida, 2003
(Leslie Paul, “Foucault and Heidegger: Critical Encounters,” p.211-212)

The pursuit of knowledge continues unabated for the skeptic. Yet it proceeds with a
AND
by his infatuation with folk destiny, salvational gods, and political authority. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Reps don’t affect reality – material structure are more important
Tuathail 96 (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct)

While theoretical debates at academic conferences  are important to academics, the discourse and concerns
AND
needs to always be open to the patterned mess that is  human history.

Focus on discourse makes decision-making impossible- perm solves best
Kelly ‘6 PHIL KELLY, Department of Political Science, Emporia State University. “A Critique of Critical Geopolitics.” Geopolitics 11:24-53
To me, alternatives to ‘rationality’ are equality untenable, for if we accept
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of this nexus forming in the second or structural variant of critical geopolitics.

Representations identify needs and craft responses.  The alternative paralyzes social action.
Kleinman 96 Arthur Kleinman, , Professor of Medical Anthropology and Professor of Anthropology at Harvard, The appeal of experience; the dismay of images: cultural appropriations of suffering in our times," DAEDALUS Winter 1996, p. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3671/is_199601/ai_n8747499/print
Our critique of appropriations of suffering that do harm does not mean that no appropriations are valid. To conclude that would be to undermine any attempt to respond to human misery. It would be much more destructive than the problem we have identified; it would paralyze social action. We must draw upon the images of human suffering in order to identify human needs and to craft humane responses. 

policies come before representations..  Practice can reframe the language of engagements and allow for new perspectives.
Kleinman 96 Arthur Kleinman, , Professor of Medical Anthropology and Professor of Anthropology at Harvard, The appeal of experience; the dismay of images: cultural appropriations of suffering in our times," DAEDALUS Winter 1996, p. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3671/is_199601/ai_n8747499/print
Humanizing the level at which interventions are organized means focusing planning and evaluation on the
AND
goal is to reconstruct the object of inquiry and the purposes of practice.

1. Life Affirming – nuclear images enhance the value of life – the only way to love is to experience fear
   Fox 85 (Michael Allen, Professor of Philosophy – Queen’s University, Editor – Queen’s Quarterly, and Ph.D. – University of Toronto, Nuclear War: Philosophical Perspectives, Edited by M. Fox and L. Groarke, p. 127)

Nor can we rid ourselves of the conditions that cause the unique fear and anxiety
AND
making. Awareness of these conditions is often the road to their transcendence.

2.  Mobilizing Action – nuclear scenarios create a fear that drives people to action and arouses anger at injustices – the alternative creates irresponsibility and inaction
Grinspoon 86 (Lester, Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, The Long Darkness: Psychological and Moral Perspectives on Nuclear Winter, p. 3-4)

The late Archibald MacLeish wrote, "Knowledge without feelings is not knowledge, and
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out of numbness or self-delusion and into confrontation of the reality.

3. Prevention – failure to imagine nuclear war causes denial and makes nuclear conflict more likely
Lenz 90 (Millicent, Professor Emeritus and Ph.D. in English – North Illinois University, Nuclear Age Literature for Youth: The Quest for a Life-Affirming Ethic, p. 9-10)

Since Americans have escaped the devastation of nuclear weapons on their own soil and "
AND
more certainly. The repressed fear, moreover, takes a psychic toll.

4.  Nuclearism – the only way to break free of nuclearism and mobilize action is to imagine the end of the world and death
Lifton 86 (Robert J., Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology – CUNY and the Graduate School and University Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Long Darkness: Psychological and Moral Perspectives on Nuclear Winter, Ed. L. Grinspoon, p. 97-98)

I am struck by the possibility of transformation away from nuclearism. That transformation is
AND
end of the world in order to take steps to maintain human existence.

5. Nuclear fear is inevitable – its better to provoke managed fear, rather than let crises cause irrational responses
Ungar 92 (Sheldon, Associate Professor of Sociology – University of Toronto-Scarborough, The Rise and Fall of Nuclearism, p. 188-189)

Resistance by the United States, Britain, France, and China is the main
AND
will be at the right level to facilitate rational rather than irrational responses.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Neoliberalism is inevitable – markets control our thought
Hudson ‘99 Mark, Progressive Librarian, Fall, “Understanding Information Media in the Age of Neoliberalism: The Contributions of Herbert Schiller”

Neoliberal ideas are as old as capitalism itself, but in recent decades they have
AND
the adverse consequences of that hegemony for our politics, economy and culture.
goods.

Neoliberalism is not practiced by our government – their authors are wrong
Altman ‘5  (Daniel, International Herald Tribune, “Neoliberalism? It doesn’t exist”, July 16, http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/07/15/business/wbmarket16.php)

With globalization having somewhat rehabilitated its image, opponents of free markets have settled on
AND
then either leftist protesters or glad-handing politicians would have you believe. 

Perm do both

Neoliberalism is cyclical and self-correcting
Li ‘8 (Ming Professor of Economics at the University of Utah, April, An Age of Transition: The United States, China, Peak Oil, and the Demise of Neoliberalism, Monthly Review, Vol. 59, Iss. 11

On February 1, Immanuel Wallerstein, the leading world system theorist, in his
AND
the dominance of Keynesian or state capitalist policies and institutions throughout the world. 

Neoliberalism is sustained by neoconservative beliefs – the alt doesn’t solve
Harvey ‘7 (David, PhD of Anthropology at Cambridge, “A Brief History of Neoliberalism” p. 195)

The consolidation of neoconservative authoritarianism then emerges as one potential answer. Neoconservatism, I
AND
it came to re-election time—manipulated for political purposes.16

Nationalism sustains the neoliberal order – alt doesn’t solve
Harvey ‘7 (David, PhD of Anthropology at Cambridge, “A Brief History of Neoliberalism” p. 195-196)

But the neoconservatives also assert a higher moral purpose, at the core of which
AND
to deal with the revolutions in Central America in the 1980s for example).

Neoliberalism is key to democracy and stopping war.
Griswold, ‘05
Daniel Griswold, CATO Institute. December 28, 2005. “Peace on Earth? Try Free Trade among Men” accessed 12/28/10 at http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=5344 

First, trade and globalization have reinforced the trend toward democracy, and democracies don't
AND
acquire them peacefully by trading away what they can produce best at home.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

2. Reps don’t affect reality – material structure are more important
Tuathail 96 (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct)

While theoretical debates at academic conferences  are important to academics, the discourse and concerns
AND
needs to always be open to the patterned mess that is  human history.

state coopts alt- Only perm solves
McCormack, ’10 (Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 137-138)

In chapter 7 I engaged with the human security framework and some of the problematic
AND
Values must be joined with engagement with the material circumstances of the time.
.
 

Turn: The alt doesn;’t solve other nations securitizing – they only make war more likely
Doran, 99  (Charles, Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies, Survival, 1999, Summer, p. 148-9, proquest)

The conclusion, then, is that the probability of major war declines for some
AND
contributes to the spiral of uncertainty that leads in the end to war.

Even if threats are constructed, those constructions come from somewhere real. Rethinking epistemology fails, only policy action solves.
Knudsen 1 - PoliSci Professor at Sodertorn (Olav, Post-Copenhagen Security Studies, Security Dialogue 32:3)
Moreover, I have a problem with the underlying implication that it is unimportant whether
AND
for instance), not least to find adequate democratic procedures for dealing with them

8. Realism is true and inevitable – a shift away collapses into chaos.
Mearsheimer, 1 (professor of political science at University of Chicago, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, pg. 361, 2001)

The optimists' claim that security competition and war among the great powers has been burned out of the system is wrong. In fact,
all of the major states around the globe still care deeply about the balance of
AND
fear each other and seek to gain power at each other's expense, because
international anarchy-the driving force behind greatpower behavior-did not change with the
AND
the explicit purpose of keeping the major states in each region at peace.

Securitization is inevitable – even the critiques discussion and research is an act of securitization.
Maria Julia Trombetta, Delft University of Technology, postdoctoral researcher at the department of Economics of Infrastructures, March 19th ’08
http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Trombetta-the_securitization_of_the_environment_and_the_transformation_of_security.pdf

Second, within the School’s framework, desecuritization cannot be possible. Securitization in fact
AND
should the sort of his claim be different from that of similar ones?

9. Policy implications are necessary to test theory
FEAVER 2001  (Peter, Asst. Prof of Political Science at Duke University, Twenty-First Century Weapons Proliferation, p 178)

At the same time, virtually all good theory has implications for policy.  Indeed
AND
.  Happily, the best work in the proliferation field already does so.

There are no prior questions – positivism is a justification for action. Emphasis on metaphysical hurdles destroys effective action
Owen, 2- David Owen, Reader of Political Theory at the Univ. of Southampton,  Millennium Vol 31 No 3 2002 p. 655-7

Commenting on the ‘philosophical turn’ in IR AND  potentially vicious circle arises.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Empiricism is good—our truth claims are correct and provide useful guides even if they are wrong.
Walt 5—Stephen M. Walt is Professor of Kennedy School of Government @ Harvard, “The Relationship Between Theory and Policy in International Relations,” Annual Review Political Science, 2005. 8:23–48, pg. 25-26, http://www.iheid.ch/webdav/site/p-olitical_science/shared/political_science/3452/walt.pdf, Accessed date: 9-7-12 y2k

Policy decisions can be influenced by several types of knowledge. First, policy makers
AND
theory, large-N statistical analysis, and hermeneutical or interpretivist approaches.

Perm do both

Realism is true and inevitable – a shift away collapses into chaos.
Mearsheimer, 1 (professor of political science at University of Chicago, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, pg. 361, 2001)

The optimists' claim that security competition and war among the great powers has been burned out of the system is wrong. In fact,
all of the major states around the globe still care deeply about the balance of
AND
fear each other and seek to gain power at each other's expense, because
international anarchy-the driving force behind greatpower behavior-did not change with the
AND
the explicit purpose of keeping the major states in each region at peace.

Said’s concept of Orientalism recreates Orientalism
Landow 02(“Edward W. Said's Orientalism” George P. Landow, Professor of English and Art History, Brown University 18 March, 2002, Political Discourse- Theories of Colonialism and Post-Colonialism http://www.postcolonialweb.org/poldiscourse/said/orient14.html)

Drawing upon the methods of feminist criticism of the 1970s, Said's Orientalism did much
AND
expects more from criticism and scholarship, particularly politically motivated criticism and scholarship.  

Give their arguments no weight—their claims aren’t grounded in real scholarship
Warraq 3—renowned Islamic critic. Studied philosophy and Arabic, U Edinburgh (Ibn, Orientalism, 29 September 2003, WSJ, http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/799,)

Those truths aside, Mr. Said, who died last week, will go
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the West -- for Western eyes, Western salons, and Western applause. 

This is offense – their attempts at censorship distract focus away from real problems
Teitelbaum 6—Senior Fellow, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle East and African Studies, Tel Aviv U. Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Middle Eastern History, Bar Ilan U.  PhD, Tel Aviv U—AND—Meir Litvak—Senior Research Fellow, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies.  Associate Professor, Middle Eastern and African History, Tel Aviv U. PhD, Harvard (Joshua, Students, Teachers, and Edward Said: Taking Stock of Orientalism, March 2006, http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/2493)

IMPLICATIONS FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES Said's Orientalism did have a salubrious effect to the extent
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It is used to discourage critical thinking and self-criticism…."73 

Positivism best and epistemology doesn’t come first
Houghton 8 – Associate Professor of International Relations Theory at the University of Central Florida
(David Patrick, Positivism ‘vs’ Postmodernism: Does Epistemology Make a Difference? International Politics (2008) 45 ) 

As long ago as 1981, Yale Ferguson and Richard Mansbach effectively laid the influence
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epistemological ones, ought to be what divides the international relations scene today.

They embrace anti-politics – this creates atrocity, and cedes politics to the Right.
Boggs ’97 (CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles -- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)

The false sense of empowerment that comes with such mesmerizing impulses is accompanied by a
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universal, collec- tive interests that had vanished from civil society.75  

Extinction
Small ‘6 (Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition,  “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment,  Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp)

What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
AND
at the beginning stages of a project that seeks to do just that.   

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Empiricism is good—our truth claims are correct and provide useful guides even if they are wrong.
Walt 5—Stephen M. Walt is Professor of Kennedy School of Government @ Harvard, “The Relationship Between Theory and Policy in International Relations,” Annual Review Political Science, 2005. 8:23–48, pg. 25-26, http://www.iheid.ch/webdav/site/p-olitical_science/shared/political_science/3452/walt.pdf, Accessed date: 9-7-12 y2k

Policy decisions can be influenced by several types of knowledge. First, policy makers
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theory, large-N statistical analysis, and hermeneutical or interpretivist approaches.

Perm do both

Realism is true and inevitable – a shift away collapses into chaos.
Mearsheimer, 1 (professor of political science at University of Chicago, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, pg. 361, 2001)

The optimists' claim that security competition and war among the great powers has been burned out of the system is wrong. In fact,
all of the major states around the globe still care deeply about the balance of
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fear each other and seek to gain power at each other's expense, because
international anarchy-the driving force behind greatpower behavior-did not change with the
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the explicit purpose of keeping the major states in each region at peace.

Said’s concept of Orientalism recreates Orientalism
Landow 02(“Edward W. Said's Orientalism” George P. Landow, Professor of English and Art History, Brown University 18 March, 2002, Political Discourse- Theories of Colonialism and Post-Colonialism http://www.postcolonialweb.org/poldiscourse/said/orient14.html)

Drawing upon the methods of feminist criticism of the 1970s, Said's Orientalism did much
AND
expects more from criticism and scholarship, particularly politically motivated criticism and scholarship.  

Give their arguments no weight—their claims aren’t grounded in real scholarship
Warraq 3—renowned Islamic critic. Studied philosophy and Arabic, U Edinburgh (Ibn, Orientalism, 29 September 2003, WSJ, http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/799,)

Those truths aside, Mr. Said, who died last week, will go
AND
the West -- for Western eyes, Western salons, and Western applause. 

This is offense – their attempts at censorship distract focus away from real problems
Teitelbaum 6—Senior Fellow, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle East and African Studies, Tel Aviv U. Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Middle Eastern History, Bar Ilan U.  PhD, Tel Aviv U—AND—Meir Litvak—Senior Research Fellow, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies.  Associate Professor, Middle Eastern and African History, Tel Aviv U. PhD, Harvard (Joshua, Students, Teachers, and Edward Said: Taking Stock of Orientalism, March 2006, http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/2493)

IMPLICATIONS FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES Said's Orientalism did have a salubrious effect to the extent
AND
It is used to discourage critical thinking and self-criticism…."73 

Positivism best and epistemology doesn’t come first
Houghton 8 – Associate Professor of International Relations Theory at the University of Central Florida
(David Patrick, Positivism ‘vs’ Postmodernism: Does Epistemology Make a Difference? International Politics (2008) 45 ) 

As long ago as 1981, Yale Ferguson and Richard Mansbach effectively laid the influence
AND
epistemological ones, ought to be what divides the international relations scene today.

They embrace anti-politics – this creates atrocity, and cedes politics to the Right.
Boggs ’97 (CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles -- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)

The false sense of empowerment that comes with such mesmerizing impulses is accompanied by a
AND
universal, collec- tive interests that had vanished from civil society.75  

Extinction
Small ‘6 (Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition,  “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment,  Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp)

What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
AND
at the beginning stages of a project that seeks to do just that.   

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Plan: The United States Federal Government should allocate funding to the Department of Defense for the development of Small Modular Reactors for the United States military.

Advantage One: Military

Military actions to reduce and change energy inputs fail – critical security obstacles prevent solutions

Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability
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through hostile territory to forward locations. Each of these is explored below.

3 internal links:

First - Grid

Military reliance on civilian power provides incentive for grid attack – kills military power projection AND causes nuclear war from escalatory conflicts

Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

More recently, awareness has been growing that the grid is also vulnerable to purposive
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function for more than a few days after the civilian grid went offline.

Civilian grid failures put military electricity access at risk – it provides 99 percent of their power

Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its bases with electricity when the civilian
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and so forth, and demonstrated the interdependence of modern infrastructural systems.8

Old infrastructure risks grid vulnerability

Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802 DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM

Aging Infrastructure. The U.S electric power grid is made up of independently
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well as ¶ frequency of failures is expected to increase in the future.¶

Natural disasters risk grid vulnerability

Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802 DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM

Adverse Weather. According to a 2008 grid reliability report by the Edison ¶ Electric
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sufficient upgrades and weather-related impacts continue to become more ¶ frequent. 

SMR’s key to maintain security of power grid – solves military vulnerabilities

Baker 12 ~Matthew, American Security Project, Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?" http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/-http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/ ~Accessed 8/19/2012 DMW~ 

SMRs are able to be constructed in factories, with manufacturing capabilities already available in
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to Congressman Bartlett, SMRs could make such bases energy self-sufficient.

Second - budget tradeoff

Military energy security key to mission effectiveness – allows focus on critical and strategic missions

Udall 12 ~Mark Udall, Democratic Senator from Colorado, May 22, 2012, Energy Security is National Security
http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~jap

No one needs to tell consumers about the importance of energy security. They see
AND
and national security is a false choice – they go hand in hand.

Third - Clean Energy

DoD is key to Clean energy success AND clean energy solves the economy and national security

Peckinpaugh and McCain 2012
~Tim Peckinpaugh, Partner, K%26L Gates, Steve McCain co-authored this article. He’s a retired Air Force Colonel who coordinates the national security and energy public policy practice at K%26L Gates, May 22, 2012, The Pentagon: A Leader on Clean Energy
http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~jap

No entity in government knows better than the Department of Defense (DoD) that
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unified vision, we are poised to lead the world’s clean energy economy.

Clean energy is key to the military power – reduces conflicts and increases military capabilities

Rogers 2012
~Will Rogers, Research Associate, Center for a New American Security, May 21, 2012, It is all about Mission Effectiveness
http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~jap

The U.S. military is overwhelmingly dependent on fossil fuels, with nearly
AND
related security challenges. Both are good for the military and the nation.

US engagement is inevitable—-maintaining heg is key to solve nuclear conflict and every geopolitical hotspot—-key to fostering international cooperation which solves every existential threat.

Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth 13 Stephen Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College AND John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul AND John Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. "Lean Forward," Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, EBSCO, Accessed date: 1-9-13 y2k

In Defense of American Engagement Since the end of World War II, the United
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an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.

Advantage Two: Nuclear Leadership

Nuclear investment increasing internationally

Domenici and Miller 12 ~Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy | July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf~~jap-http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership in Nuclear Energy Markets.pdf%5djap

Internationally, the outlook is quite different: a number of countries intend to grow
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, global growth in nuclear energy is still expected to be positive overall.

Nuclear energy leadership key to control of nonproliferation, only players can change the game

Wallace and Williams 12 (Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise" 2012 http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf-http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf)

Third, in the past, the U.S. government could exert influence
AND
.S. nuclear industry and take ¶ action to prevent its early demise

US Nuclear power leadership solves proliferation and international nuclear accidents – increases reliance on US nuclear policies

Domenici and Miller 12 ~Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy | July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf~~jap-http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership in Nuclear Energy Markets.pdf%5djap

Strategic Goal: Continued strong U.S. leadership in global nuclear security matters
AND
technologies are sound and we support efforts to maintain and expand these policies.

We’re on the brink of rapid prolif- plan key

CFR 12 (Council on Foreign Relations "The Global Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime" July 5, 2012 http://www.cfr.org/proliferation/global-nuclear-nonproliferation-regime/p18984-http://www.cfr.org/proliferation/global-nuclear-nonproliferation-regime/p18984 DATE ACCESSED: 9/15/12) TM

Nuclear weapons proliferation, whether by state or nonstate actors, poses one of the
AND
way for "the peace and security-http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-President-Barack-Obama-In-Prague-As-Delivered of a world without nuclear weapons."

Proliferation causes extinction

Heisbourg 12 ~Francois Heisbourg, Chairman of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, prof at the Geneva Center for Security Policy, July 2012, "How Bad Would the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be?",http://www.npolicy.org/userfiles/file/oving%20Beyond%20Pretense%20web%20version.pdf~~%23page=182~~

Human societies tend to lack the imagination to think through, and to act upon
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Middle East would make ¶ the Cuban Missile Crisis look easy in comparison.

Solvency

DOD should install SMRs on military bases—catalyzes support for SMR and US leadership—ensures global spillover of SMR.

Loudermilk 11—Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, contracted through ASE Inc. "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375" 31 May 2011 Accessed date: 8-21-12 y2k

Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-
AND
nuclear industry and will work to solidify long-term support for nuclear energy

Governmental intervention key for military SMR use – "First of a Kind" costs need to be allayed
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011 ~Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf~~jap

The costs associated with moving from the current stage of develop- ment of small
AND
plants are a feasible option for providing elec- tricity to military installations.

The military has the experience to be an SMR first mover

King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 11 ~Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf~~jap

DoD’s operational experience with nuclear power allows for a better understanding of current options.
AND
around the same time that national interest in nuclear power began to wane.

Military pre-commercial move key to SMR tech – 3 reasons

Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—
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availability and appropriateness of these technologies for U.S. military applications.

Current SMR initiatives will fail – Potential market failures deters. Only military investment solves through demonstration

Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

The "Valley of Death." Given the promise that small reactors hold for military
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the future, then it should pursue a leader- ship role now.

AND, the military is dependent upon energy technology. Efficiency measures and other alternative energies fail – only SMRs can provide enough power for the military to sustain itself and save troop lives

Andres and Breetz 11 ~Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~jap

Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.
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the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.

No DA- Obama allocated funds for SMR

Tomich 2012 ~Jeffrey, St.Louis Post-Dispatch, Small nuclear reactors generate hype, questions about cost" http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/small-nuclear-reactors-generate-hype-questions-about-cost/article_39757dba-8e5c-11e1-9883-001a4bcf6878.html-http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/small-nuclear-reactors-generate-hype-questions-about-cost/article_39757dba-8e5c-11e1-9883-001a4bcf6878.html, Accessed 8/18/2012 DMW~

aaaAndrew Klein, a nuclear engineering professor at Oregon State University, sees small reactors
AND
have the potential to be licensed and in commercial operation in a decade.