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This partnership only debated together at the D7 Districts tournament in JV. All info on the Brown/Mendoza page is applicable, but we will be uploading districts cites in a couple hours.

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T-Pre exist 

A. Interpretation - increase means increasing pre-existing
Buckley et al ‘6 (Jeremiah Buckley et al, Attorney, Amicus Curiae Brief, Safeco Ins. Co. of America et al v. Charles Burr et al,06 http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/06-84/06-84.mer.ami.mica.pdf)

First, the court said that the ordinary meaning of the word “increase” is “to make something greater,” ……. apply to increases of an already-existing policy. See Hibbs v.  Winn, 542 U.S. 88, 101 (2004) (“a phrase gathers meaning from the words around it”) (citation omitted). 

B. The plan is an increase from a new program. 

C. Vote Negative 

Ground – best literature for disads comes from preexisting programs – allows the aff to spike out of all our DAS. 

Limit – the plan opens the floodgate – negatives will always be playing from behind trying to predict all the new programs that can lead to an increase in energy production. 

Voters for fairness, education, and competitive equality  

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CP

Text: The President of the United States should issue an executive order to insert plan

Executive orders are the most effective way to implement policies
Mayer 1 (Kenneth, Professor of Political Science @ University of Wisconsin – Madison, With the Stroke of a Pen)

These chronicles of presidential decisiveness and unilateral ….. Constitution unambiguously vests the legislative function in Congress, “the President’s lawmaking role is substantial, persistent, and in many cases disturbing.”

Executive orders increase presidential power
Risen 4 (Clay, Managing editor of Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, M.A. from the University of Chicago “The Power of the Pen: The Not-So-Secret Weapon of Congress-wary Presidents” The American Prospect, July 16, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_power_of_the_pen)

In the modern era, executive orders have gone …. from civil rights to labor relations to reproductive health. 

Pres powers key to strong U.S Leadership
Mallaby 00 (Sebastian, Member, Washington Post’s Editorial Board, Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb)

Finally, some will object that the weakness of ….. foreign policy drift on cultural forces that nobody can change, such as isolationism or multiculturalism. 

Power projection prevents multiple scenarios for nuclear war
Kagan 2007
Robert, Carnegie Senior Associate, “End of Dreams, Return of History” Policy Review, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html#n10jap

This is a good thing, and it should continue to be a primary goal of American foreign policy to perpetuate this relatively benign international configuration of power. …… Difficult as it may be to extend American predominance into the future, no one should imagine that a reduction of American power or a retraction of American influence and global involvement will provide an easier path. 

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Will pass now – bipartisan progress being made
Shear, New York Times Staff Writer, 2-17, 2013,
(Michael D., "The White House Continues Working on Immigration Legislation of Its Own", New York Times, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 2-17-13 

WASHINGTON -- The White House is working on early drafts of a comprehensive bill that would offer 11 million illegal immigrants a pathway to citizenship along the lines of the principles that the president laid out in Las Vegas several weeks ago, administration officials said.¶ President ….. Mr. Stevens and other White House officials declined to comment on specific details of the report.

Plan unpopular
Sorenson 12 (Lt. Gen Jeff Sorenson, 9/28/12, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-a-budget/259163-saving-energy-saving-soldiers-lives date accessed: 1/17/13) TM

From biofuels that could propel the Navy’s Great Green Fleet to …… investing billions on renewable energy projects. 

Impact: comprehensive reform solves Mexican relations- that’s key to border security and stopping terrorism
Castaneda et al., NYU Politics and Latin American Studies professor, 2005
(Jorge, “NORTH AMERICAN COOPERATION ON THE BORDER”, HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, 7-12, http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/hearings/109s/28131.txt,  )

I think that attitudes in Mexico have changed in relation ……. I think that today in Mexico this is doable, and I must say it is largely doable because President Fox has made an effort to educate Mexican society about these issues.

Extinction
Mohamed Sid-Ahmed, Al-Ahram Weekly political analyst, ‘04
Al-Ahram Weekly, "Extinction!" 8/26, no. 705,  http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm

What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack by terrorists? …..When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.

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Oil and gas industry is optimistic in the squo because prices have stabilized and there is a perception of sustained demand.  
Ebeling 2/9 Paul A Ebeling Jr, Industry leaders optimistic about Oil, Nat Gas industry prospects,  Live Trading News, http://www.livetradingnews.com/industry-leaders-optimistic-about-oil-nat-gas-industry-prospects-104471.htm, accessed 

Industry leaders optimistic about Oil, Nat Gas industry prospects¶ ¶….. The market and the business are still strong. There is plenty of money available. There is lots of interest. There is still drilling going on.”

Perception of increases in supply and decreases in demand cause immediate drop in global oil prices.
Fedlstein 2008 Martin Feldstein chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Reagan, is a professor at Harvard and a member of The Wall Street Journal's board of contributors, “We Can Lower Oil Prices Now,” Originally published in The Wall Street Journal July 1, 2008 http://www.nber.org/feldstein/wsj07012008.pdf

Now here is the good news. Any policy that causes the expected future oil price ….. can therefore lead both to lower prices and increased consumption today 

High Oil prices key to the Russian Economy
Nichol 2012 Jim Nichol, Coordinator Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs, Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests, Congressional Research Service, February 10, 2012, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33407.pdf

Russia’s economy began to recover from the Soviet collapse in 1999, …… It is also plagued by an unreformed healthcare system and unhealthy lifestyles; low domestic and foreign investment; and high rates of crime, corruption, capital flight, and unemployment.

Russian economic decline causes nuclear prolif, accidents, and miscalc.
Cohen 2001 Stephen Cohen, Prof of Russian Studies at NYU, June 7, 2001, http://www.thenation.com/article/russian-nuclear-roulette?page=full

The bad news is this: Because of what has happened in Russia since the end of the…… providing days instead of minutes to verify false alarms. And absolutely nothing must be done to cause Moscow to rely more heavily than it already does on its fragile nuclear controls. 

Impact’s extinction
Leslie 96 John Leslie, Professor Emeritus of philosophy @ University of Guelph, 1996, The End of the World: The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction, p. 32

Probably, however, it has been accidental nuclear war between the United States and Russia ….. as the regimental level could result in three hundred nuclear explosions.

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The aff’s apocalyptic rhetoric functions to place our moral energies on a market of commodification and exchange – this symbolic indebtedness saps the creative spirit through which real change becomes possible.  
Shapiro 2011 Alan N. Shapiro, Technologist and Futurist, an interdisciplinary thinker who studied science-technology at MIT and philosophy-history-literature at Cornell University, August 25th, 2011 Jean Baudrillard and Doomsday: On Louis Arnoux’s “Catastrophe Warning” Discourse,  http://www.alan-shapiro.com/baudrillard-and-doomsday-on-louis-arnoux%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Ccatastrophe-warning%E2%80%9D-discourse/

Many commentators have called Jean Baudrillard an apocalyptic thinker.  This is definitely wrong, as is clearly demonstrated in The Illusion of the End, where …… own efforts to alleviate it (which, in fact, merely function to secure the conditions of reproduction of the catastrophe market).” (67) “We need this drug, which serves us as an aphrodisiac and hallucinogen.” (68) Addicted to catastrophe, like to alcohol or drugs.

Insecurity and danger are inevitable – the attempt to control it only breeds violence
Der Derian 1998 James, prof of political science at Brown, “The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, and Baudrillard On Security,” ed. Ronnie Lipschutz, http://www.ciaonet.org/book/lipschutz/index.html

The desire for security is manifested as a collective …… false sense of security can come from false gods: "Morality and religion belong altogether to the psychology of error : in every single case, cause and effect are confused; or truth is confused with the effects of believing  something to be true; or a state of consciousness is confused with its causes." 41
This requires a fundamental reorientation toward the illusion of the end – the apocalyptic end is truly illusionary and we must maintain this poetic and ironic distance to the chaos of the end to generate the communicative potential for change.
Shapiro 2011 Alan N. Shapiro, Technologist and Futurist, an interdisciplinary thinker who studied science-technology at MIT and philosophy-history-literature at Cornell University, August 25th, 2011 Jean Baudrillard and Doomsday: On Louis Arnoux’s “Catastrophe Warning” Discourse,  http://www.alan-shapiro.com/baudrillard-and-doomsday-on-louis-arnoux%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Ccatastrophe-warning%E2%80%9D-discourse/

Continuing on with The Illusion of the End: “The virtual produces the real as its waste-product,” writes Baudrillard in the …… technological real. All of these “reals” insist so much on being real that they are effectively hyper-real. Being “spot on” the creative fiction is the true radical politics

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Nuclear energy cred fails—countries say no to US tech if it constrains them
Cleary 12 Richard Cleary, American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30

The examples above show the limitations of both demand and……  seem to have had little tangible influence.

Thorium waste makes effective dirty bombs
Laka Foundation, 2008
(THORIUM-BASED NUCLEAR POWER: AN ALTERNATIVE?, http://www.laka.org/info/publicaties/2008-thorium.pdf, 10/13/2012)

The main reason for that however, brings another disadvantage …….  As described¶ above this is not an easy¶ job and much more¶ difficult than isolating¶ plutonium-239 from¶ uranium-based fuel. The¶ technology is still in a¶ experimental stage and¶ hasn’t even reach the¶ developmental stage.

Reprocessing makes more waste and prolif material
Lovins, 2009 (Amory, “NEW” NUCLEAR REACTORS: SAME OLD STORY, http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/lovinsonifretc.pdf, 10/10/2012)

Reprocessing of any kind makes waste ……. it into bomb¶ cores--hardly a path to a safer world.

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Thorium reactors produce much more waste and it is more deadly - aff evidence is biased and inaccurate
SimplyInfo, Sept 14, 2011
(Thorium, Not The Nuclear Savior Claimed, http://www.simplyinfo.org/?p=3101)

As people have been discussing the issues surrounding the Fukushima Daiichi Disaster, …… technetium‐99 with a half life of over 200,000 years, thorium is not safe nor a solution to spent fuel storage issues.

The aff also doesn’t do anything about waste already in the SQ and that would continue to happen because of large nuclear reactors that would continue to operate after the plan is passed. Even if they say SMR – thuroum would be able to reprocess c/x Lovins 09 that states reprocessing makes more waste and prolif materialb

Thorium SMR’s would actually multiply the volume of waste several times over
Rees, June 2011
(Eifion, The Guardian, Don't believe the spin on thorium being a greener nuclear option, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jun/23/thorium-nuclear-uranium, 10/14/2012)

All other issues aside, thorium is still nuclear energy, say environmentalists,…….  dismissing a 'dishonest fantasy' perpetuated by the pro-nuclear lobby.

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Even the nuclear industry admits that Thorium’s claims are overstated and it won’t be ready for years.
Rees, June 2011
(Eifion, The Guardian, Don't believe the spin on thorium being a greener nuclear option, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jun/23/thorium-nuclear-uranium, 10/14/2012)

And yet the nuclear industry itself is also sceptical, …..uneconomic. Indeed, if renewables had a fraction of nuclear's current subsidies they could already be light years ahead. 

Thorium can’t be commercialized – and they require breeder reactors which have the same proliferation and waste issues as uranium reactors
Lovins, 2009 (Amory, “NEW” NUCLEAR REACTORS: SAME OLD STORY, http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/lovinsonifretc.pdf, 10/10/2012)

Some enthusiasts prefer fueling …… it’s awfully late to be thinking¶ of developing a whole new fuel cycle whose¶ problems differ only in detail from current¶ versions.

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Interpretation: Topical plans are an immediate and definite advocacy off of pre-existing energy infrastructure.

Violation:
A. They defend “necessary PTC’s”
“Necessary” allows the affirmative to redefine plan action.
American Heritage Dictionary 2k (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/necessary)

nec·es·sar·yadj.1. Absolutely essential. See Synonyms …. inevitable: the necessary results of overindulgence. b. Logically inevitable. 4. Required by obligation, compulsion, or convention: made the necessary apologies.

Resolved means a firm course of action
American Heritage Dictionary 06 (American Heritage Dictionary, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolved)

Resolve TRANSITIVE VERB:1. To make a …. To decide or express by formal vote. 

B. They delay implementation to December 31st
‘Should’ requires immediate action
Summer ‘94 (Justice, Oklahoma Supreme Court, “Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant”, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287#marker3fn14)

4 The legal question to be resolved …. something that will or would become effective in the future in futurol. See Van Wyck v. Knevals, 106 U.S. 360, 365, 1 S.Ct. 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882).

C. They give PTC’s for wind facilities that don’t yet exist
Increase means pre-existing
Buckley et al ‘6 (Jeremiah Buckley et al, Attorney, Amicus Curiae Brief, Safeco Ins. Co. of America et al v. Charles Burr et al,06 http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/06-84/06-84.mer.ami.mica.pdf)

First, the court said that the ordinary meaning of the word “increase” is “to make something greater,” …. “increase” also should be construed to apply to increases of an already-existing policy. See Hibbs v.  Winn, 542 U.S. 88, 101 (2004) (“a phrase gathers meaning from the words around it”) (citation omitted). 

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Text: The fifty states of America and all relevant localities and territories, should insert plan mandates. 

Counterplan solves the entirety of the case – the States have access to the same toolbox as the federal government
Wiener 10, Program Evaluation Analyst, and Koontz, Ohio State Associate Natural Resources Professor, 2010,
(Joshua and Tomas, "Shifting Winds: Explaining Variation in State Policies to Promote Small-Scale Wind Energy", Policy Studies Journal, November, Vol. 38, Iss. 4, PAS) Accessed on ProQuest 8-6-12

Previous research has identified several common policy …. Standards generally do not require states to use small-scale wind energy, they often do allow small wind systems to be one of many renewable technologies that policymakers can support to fulfill the RPS obligations. 

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The drive for renewable energy plays into the capitalist drive for profits – planetary catastrophe is inevitable under capitalism regardless of whether we transition from oil to renewables.
Principia Dialectica 2009 Principia Dialectica, “Capitalism Isn’t Addicted to Oil - but Profits,” September 30, 2009, http://www.principiadialectica.co.uk/blog/?p=564, mcmc

In 2008, the companies making the largest worldwide profits were all oil….  existence but just one of the many which already exist, and will continue to arise, whilst capitalism persists. 

Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale
Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol and recognize that our ethico-political responsibility is to confront the constitutive violence of today’s global capitalism and its….  is that it would not attempt to conceal this fact or reduce the status of the abject Other to that of a ‘glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

Thus our alternative is an unconditional commitment to the Communist Hypothesis.  Every ethical decision should be infused with all of the significance of humanity’s destiny.  The question regarding the plan is “does it confirm or contradict the communist hypothesis.”  If we win a link, you reject the affirmative - they reduce life to a barbaric ratrace and stand opposed to universal emancipation.  
Alain Badiou, former Chair of Philosophy at École normale supérieure, 2008.  The Meaning of Sarkozy, pp. 97-103 

I would like to situate the Sarkozy episode, which is not an impressive page …. or the tasks of philosophy. For what we are witnessing in no way imposes such a renunciation of the communist hypothesis, but simply a consideration of the moment at which we find ourselves in the history of this hypothesis.

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Global economy is resilient- oil shocks prove.
Farchy, Financial Times, 12 (Jack, 5-28-12, The Financial Times, “World more resilient to oil price rises,” http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/11c38c74-a8e4-11e1-b085-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1zo80QqAS, accessed 7-5-12, AS).
The world economy has become more resilient to rising oil prices, ….. But the increases have not triggered global recessions as they did in the 1970s and 80s.”

Economic collapse doesn’t cause war – no causal connection
Thomas P.M. Barnett (senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC and a contributing editor/online columnist for Esquire magazine) August 2009 “The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis” http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx
When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, ….. I expect the fantastic fear-mongering to proceed apace. That's what the Internet is for.

Wind power doesn’t boost the economy – only shifts the burden to the government
Kreutzer, Heritage Foundation Energy Economics Research Fellow, 2012,
("Do We Need Subsidies for Solar and Wind Power?", Wall Street Journal, 10-8, PAS) online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444032404578008183300454400.html 10-17-12 

The problem with subsidizing wind and solar power is that subsidies don't make these unaffordable energy sources affordable, they just change who pays. Taxpayers foot a ….. Whatever they may be doing with wind and solar power pales in comparison with what they are doing with coal-fired electricity.

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Wind power doesn’t solve warming – developing countries won’t adopt renewable tech
Kreutzer, Heritage Foundation Energy Economics Research Fellow, 2012,
("Do We Need Subsidies for Solar and Wind Power?", Wall Street Journal, 10-8, PAS) online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444032404578008183300454400.html 10-17-12 

The problem with subsidizing wind and solar power is that subsidies don't make these unaffordable energy sources affordable, they just change who pays. Taxpayers foot a large …. from the developing world, which shows little appetite for squeezing economic growth to cut a few inches from sea level.

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Wind doesn’t solve – needs to be paired with fossil fuels
Decher, PhD in Nuclear Engineering, 2011,
(ANS Public Information Committee Member, ANS Nuclear Cafe Contributor, "The economics of wind power", ANS Nuclear Cafe, 1-27, PAS) ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/01/27/the-economics-of-wind-power/ 10-17-12 

As I mentioned in Fitting Wind ….. wind can be only 6 percent of the generation (.20 x .3). This limit has already been reached in Europe by countries such as Germany and Denmark. 

PTC’s concentrate wind power with the wealthy – makes it inefficient
Wiser et al 07 Ryan Wiser, Mark Bolinger, and Galen Barbose are all staff scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, “Using the Federal Production Tax Credit to Build a Durable¶ Market for Wind Power in the United States,” pre-print of article submitted to the Electricity Journal, November 2007, http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/63583.pdf accessed 9-26-12cd

The PTC has also sometimes been criticized as being too ….. in the use of the PTC, and certainly some¶ lack of parity in what types of entities can realistically participate in wind project ownership.

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