Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

==Plan==

The United States Federal Government should fund the development of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) nuclear technology for the United States military.

==Advantage One: Military==

Military actions to reduce and change energy inputs fail – critical security obstacles prevent solutions

**Andres and Breetz 2011 **~~~~~~[Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~~~~~]jap

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability

AND

through hostile territory to forward locations. Each of these is explored below.

2 Internal Links- First, Grid

Civilian grid failures put military electricity access at risk – it provides 99 percent of their power

**Andres and Breetz 2011** ~~~~~~[Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~~~~~]jap

Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its bases with electricity when the civilian

AND

and so forth, and demonstrated the interdependence of modern infrastructural systems.8

Military reliance on the civilian power provides an incentive for grid attack – kills military power projection AND causes nuclear war from escalatory conflicts

**Andres and Breetz 2011** ~~~~~~[Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~~~~~]jap

More recently, awareness has been growing that the grid is also vulnerable to purposive

AND

function for more than a few days after the civilian grid went offline.

SMR~~~’s key to maintain security of power grid – solves military vulnerabilities

**Baker, 6/22/2012 **~~~~~~[Matthew, American Security Project, Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military~~~’s Energy Needs?" ~~[~~[http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/-http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/~~]~~] ~~~~~~[Accessed 8/19/2012 DMW~~~~~~]

SMRs are able to be constructed in factories, with manufacturing capabilities already available in

AND

to Congressman Bartlett, SMRs could make such bases energy self-sufficient.

AND, the military is dependent upon energy technology. Efficiency measures and other alternative energies fail – only SMRs can provide enough power for the military to sustain itself and save troop lives

**Andres and Breetz 2011** ~~~~~~[Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~~~~~]jap

Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious vulnerability for the U.

AND

the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.

Risk of cyber-attacks on grid high

**Habiger, 2010** ~~~~~~[Eugue – Retired Air Force General, Cyberwarfare and Cyberterrorism, The Cyber Security Institute, p. 11-19 ~~[~~[http://www.army-technology.com/downloads/whitepapers/vehicle-protection/file1552/get-http://www.army-technology.com/downloads/whitepapers/vehicle-protection/file1552/get~~]~~] Accessed 9/15/2012 DMW~~~~~~]

However, there are reasons to believe that what is going on now amounts to

AND

impact on the United States. For example, our healthcare system is already

Second- Budget

US military energy security key to mission effectiveness – allows focus on critical and strategic missions

**Udall 2012** ~~~~~~[Mark Udall, Democratic Senator from Colorado, May 22, 2012, Energy Security is National Security

http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php~~~~~~]jap

No one needs to tell consumers about the importance of energy security. They see

AND

and national security is a false choice – they go hand in hand.

Hegemonic decline causes great power war – perception is key

**Kagan, 12** ~~~~~~[1/17/2012, "Not Fade Away: Against the Myth of American Decline", Robert, yeah that dude, Senior Fellow, ~~[~~[Foreign Policy-http://www.brookings.edu/foreign-policy.aspx~~]~~], ~~[~~[Center on the United States and Europe-http://www.brookings.edu/cuse.aspx~~]~~], ~~[~~[http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0117_us_power_kagan.aspx-http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0117_us_power_kagan.aspx~~]~~]~~~~~~]

Is the United States in decline, as so many seem to believe these days

AND

both to Americans and to the nature of the world they live in. 

US heg is key to uphold institutions – Empirically proven

**Zhang* and Shi** 11.** (Both MA candidates at Columbia University. *Yuhan, researcher @ Carnegie Endowment for international peace and **Lin, consultant for the World Bank. "America~~~’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry." January 22nd, 2011) ~~[~~[http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/-http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/~~]~~]

Paul Kennedy was probably right: the US will go the way of all great

AND

forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Multipolarity inevitable, but US power soothes the transition and is empirically correlated to perpetual great power peace

**Barnett 11 **~~~~~~[Thomas P.M. Barnett 11 Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis %26 Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, "The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads," March 7~~[~~[http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads-http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads~~]~~] ~~~~~~]

It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of

AND

the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.

Ethical policymaking requires calculation of feasibility and time-sensitive consequences—refusing consequentialism allows atrocity in the name of ethical purity

Gvosdev 5 – executive editor of The National Interest (Nikolas, The Value(s) of Realism, SAIS Review 25.1, pmuse)

As the name implies, realists focus on promoting policies that are achievable and sustainable

AND

—and the one that had also been roundly condemned on moral grounds.

==Advantage Two: Nuclear Proliferation==

Nuclear power investment is being avoided – SMR investment leads to major increases in energy production and is key to nuclear energy leadership

**Goure 2010** ~~~~~~[Daniel Goure, Ph.D., States News Service, July 19, 2010 Monday, SMALL, MODULAR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ADDRESS FUTURE ENERGY CHALLENGES, Lexis, AD 6/5/12~~~~~~]jap

Yet, with all this attention and money going to green technologies, one area

AND

nuclear power at home and U.S. nuclear reactor sales abroad.

Nuclear investment increasing internationally – Fukushima only made countries more cautious

**Domenici and Miller 2012 **~~~~~~[Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy ~~~| July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, ~~[~~[http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf~~~~~~]jap-http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership in Nuclear Energy Markets.pdf%5djap~~]~~]

Internationally, the outlook is quite different: a number of countries intend to grow

AND

, global growth in nuclear energy is still expected to be positive overall.

2 Internal links

First, negotiation power

Nuclear energy leadership key to control of nonproliferation agree, only players can change the game

**Wallace and Williams 2012** (Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise" 2012 ~~[~~[http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf-http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf~~]~~])

Rvvs z

Third, in the past, the U.S. government could exert influence

AND

.S. nuclear industry and take ¶ action to prevent its early demise

Second, Initiation

US controlled SMR key to nonproliferation – proliferating countries will fill in the energy gap- causing cascading prolif

**COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 2011 **(Senate Hearing 112-107- COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES¶ "SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ¶ ALTERNATIVE FUELS¶ " JUNE 7, 2011 ~~[~~[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg68432/html/CHRG-112shrg68432.htm-http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg68432/html/CHRG-112shrg68432.htm~~]~~])

Third, there is a national security aspect to the development of ¶ U.

AND

US suppliers that may not always share our approach toward safety and nonproliferation.

Proliferation guarantees great power intervention – escalates to nuclear war.

**Below, 2008**  (Tim, Wing Commander – RAF and MA Defense Studies – Kings College London, "OPTIONS FOR US NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT: EXEMPLARY LEADERSHIP OR EXTRAORDINARY LUNACY?," A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES FOR COMPLETION OF GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS, AIR UNIVERSITY MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA, June)

Proliferation. Roger Molander, of RAND Corporation, asserts that "in the near

AND

is subsequently escalated into nuclear warfare by its allies or their opponents.54

==Solvency==

Governmental intervention key for military SMR use – FOAK costs need to be allayed

**King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011** ~~~~~~[Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, ~~[~~[http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf~~~~~~]jap-http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf%5Djap~~]~~]

The costs associated with moving from the current stage of develop- ment of small

AND

nuclear power plants are a feasible option for providing electricity to military installations.

DOD should install SMRs on military bases—catalyzes support for SMR and US leadership—ensures global spillover of SMR.

**Loudermilk 11**—Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, contracted through ASE Inc. "~~[~~[Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375~~]~~]" 31 May 2011 Accessed date: 8-21-12 y2k

Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-scale

AND

industry and will work to solidify long-term support for nuclear energy.

Military pre-commercial move key to SMR tech – 3 reasons

**Andres and Breetz 2011** ~~~~~~[Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, ~~[~~[http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712~~~~~~]jap-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA545712%5Djap~~]~~]

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD~~~’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—

AND

availability and appropriateness of these technologies for U.S. military applications.

Conventional nuclear reactors are a thing of the past – too expensive and not safe. Only SMRs solve

**Bullis 2011** ~~~~~~[Kevin, Senior Energy Editor at Technology Review, Small Nukes Get Boost, October 15, ~~[~~[http://www.technologyreview.com/news/425773/small-nukes-get-boost/~~~~~~]jap-http://www.technologyreview.com/news/425773/small-nukes-get-boost/%5djap~~]~~]

The investment by Fluor is a vote of confidence in small modular nuclear reactors.

AND

areas that don’t have the infrastructure or demand to accommodate conventional large reactors.