George Mason » Mendoza-Brown Aff

Mendoza-Brown Aff

Last modified by Isaac Brown on 2013/02/12 20:36

Cites

#	Date	Entry
	11/14/2012	App State 1AC Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: ADV 1 Military Military actions to reduce and change energy inputs fail Andres and Breetz 2011 Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc? Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap The DOD interest in….. Each of these is explored below. Civilian grid failures put military electricity access at risk – it provides 99 percent of their power Andres and Breetz 2011 Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/ GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable….. interdependence of modern infrastructural systems.8 Military over reliance on the grid provides an incentive for attack – kills heg AND causes nuclear war Andres and Breetz 2011Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc? Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712ja More recently, awareness has been….. function for more than a few days after the civilian grid went offline. Old infrastructure risks grid vulnerability Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The Army's Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802 DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM Aging Infrastructure. The U.S electric power…. to increase in the future.¶ Natural disasters risk grid vulnerability Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The Army's Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802 DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM Adverse Weather. According to a 2008 grid….. to become more ¶ frequent. US military energy security key to mission effectiveness – allows focus on critical and strategic missions Udall 2012 Mark Udall, Democratic Senator from Colorado, May 22, 2012, Energy Security is National Security http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.phpjap No one needs to tell consumers…. a false choice – they go hand in hand. SMR’s key to maintain security of power grid – solves military vulnerabilities Baker 12 Matthew, American Security Project, Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?” http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular- reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/ Accessed 8/19/2012 DMW SMRs are able to be constructed…. make such bases energy self-sufficient. SMR key to military survivability King 11 Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/ Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap Having a reliable source of electricity…. independent of the commercial grid 4. Military readiness key to prevent extinction Feldstein 2007 Martin, “The underfunded Pentagon,” Foreign Affairs, March/Apriljap Deterring other great powers,…. of the U.S. military structure. Nuclear war Frederick Kagan and Michael O’Hanlon 7, Fred’s a resident scholar at AEI, Michael is a senior fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, “The Case for Larger Ground Forces”, April, http:// www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf We live at a time when wars…. Such a measure is not only prudent, it is also badly overdue. ADV 2 Leadership Nuclear power investment is being avoided – SMR investment leads to major increases in energy production and is key to nuclear energy leadership Goure 2010 Daniel Goure, Ph.D., States News Service, July 19, 2010 Monday, SMALL, MODULAR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ADDRESS FUTURE ENERGY CHALLENGES, Lexis, AD 6/5/12jap Yet, with all this attention and….. at home and U.S. nuclear reactor sales abroad. Nuclear energy leadership key to control of nonproliferation, only players can change the game Wallace and Williams 2012 (Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams “Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise” 2012 http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf) Third, in the past, the U.S…. U.S. nuclear industry and take ¶ action to prevent its early demise US Nuke leadership solves proliferation and international nuclear accidents – increases reliance on US nuclear policies Domenici and Miller 2012 Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. “Pete” Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy \| July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/ Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdfjap Strategic Goal: Continued strong…. and we support efforts to maintain and expand these policies. SMR development key to nuclear tech leadership – puts US at front of evolving nuclear tech Fleischmann 11 Congressman Chuck Fleischmann is a conservative Republican who represents the 3rd District of Tennessee. Small Modular Reactors Could Help With U.S. Energy Needs, http://www.aps.org/ publications/capitolhillquarterly/201110/backpage.cfmjap The timely implementation of small reactors…. significant headway to truly gaining energy independence. US controlled SMRs key to nonproliferation – production in other countries isn’t as safe COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 2011 (Senate Hearing 112-107- COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES¶ “SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ¶ ALTERNATIVE FUELS¶ ” JUNE 7, 2011 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ pkg/CHRG-112shrg68432/html/CHRG-112shrg68432.htm) Third, there is a national security aspect…. approach toward safety and nonproliferation. Prolif cascades cause militarization of disputes—escalates to great power war Kroenig 9 Matt Kroenig, assistant professor of Government at Georgetown University and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, November 2009, Beyond Optimism and Pessimism: The Differential Effects of Nuclear Proliferation, http:// belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/19671/beyond_optimism_and_pessimism.html Nuclear proliferation can…. Sino-American strategic relationship. Cold War no longer applies—nuclear war Cimbala 8 Stephen Cimbala, Ph.D., Penn State Brandywine Political Science Distinguished Professor, 2008, Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia, Comparative Strategy Volume 27, Issue 2 The spread of nuclear weapons in…. guides to the avoidance of war outside of Europe. Plan Text: The United States Federal Government should allocate funding to the DoD for the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMR) for the United States military use. Adv 3 DOD should install SMRs on military bases—catalyzes support for SMR and US leadership— ensures global spillover of SMR. Loudermilk 11—Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, contracted through ASE Inc. “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs” 31 May 2011 Accessed date: 8-21-12 y2k Problematically, despite the immense energy… solidify long-term support for nuclear energy Military pre-commercial move key to SMR tech – 3 reasons Andres and Breetz 2011 Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/ GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap Thus far, this paper…. technologies for U.S. military applications. Current SMR initiatives will fail – Valley of death syndrome. Only military investment solves Andres and Breetz 2011 Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/ GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap The “Valley of Death.” Given…. it should pursue a leader- ship role now. Governmental intervention key for military SMR use – FOAK costs need to be allayed King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011 Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/ Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap The costs associated with…. providing elec- tricity to military installations. The military has the experience to be an SMR first mover King 11 Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/ Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap DoD’s operational experience with nuclear power….. interest in nuclear power began to wane. SMR’s are cost-effective and safe Ioannis N. Kessides and Vladimir Kuznetsov 12, Ioannis is a researcher for the Development Research Group at the World Bank, Vladimir is a consultant for the World Bank, “Small Modular Reactors for Enhancing Energy Security in Developing Countries”, August 14, Sustainability 2012, 4(8), 1806-1832 SMRs offer a number of advantages…. characterized by significant economies of scale 19. Util will always outweigh-morals are too abstract Michael Ignatieff 4, Carr professor of human rights at Harvard, 2k4 Lesser Evils p. 20-1 As for moral perfectionism…. respect for one right might lead us to betray another.
	02/12/2013	Navy 1AC Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Adv 1. Space (China Impact) DOD SMR development allows the Air Force to deploy a space weapon Maybury 12 (Chief Scientist-USAF, “Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy SandT Vision 2011-2026,” 1/31, http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf) Space is the … space based assets increases. Scenario One: Hegemony Space-based defense maintains US primacy across the globe- deters aggression and increases tech leadership AND the tech exists now. Pfaltzgraf and Van Cleave 7 (Dr. Robert L. Pfaltzgraf, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies The Fletcher School, Tufts University and President Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis and Dr. William R. Van Cleave, Professor Emeritus Department of Defense and Strategic Studies Missouri State University. Independent Working Group, “Missile Defense, The Space Relationship, and the 21st Century”, 2007, http://www.ifpa.org/pdf/IWGreport.pdf, Manchester) These priorities necessitate … central to this task. Space militarization is inevitable - the absence of US power projection in space encourages weaponization by hostile nations Mueller 2 Karl P. Mueller, senior political scientist at the RAND corporation. Ph.D. in politics, Princeton University; B.A. in political science, University of Chicago, “Is the Weaponization of Space Inevitable?” RAND Corporation, 27 March, 2002 Far and away the best ….military power projection. Space dominance maintains US primacy globally- control over space affords us diplomatic, economic, and military power. Fredriksson 3 –Brian E, Lt Col, Chief of Plans for 14th Air Force at Vandenberg AFB, CA. Masters thesis for graduation at school of advanced air and space studies., “GLOBALNESS: TOWARD A SPACE POWER THEORY.” A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES FOR COMPLETION OF GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS. June) Space factors prominently….the total slightly. US engagement is inevitable---maintaining heg is key to solve nuclear conflict and every geopolitical hotspot---key to fostering international cooperation which solves every existential threat. Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth 13 Stephen Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College AND John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul AND John Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. “Lean Forward,” Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, EBSCO, Accessed date: 1-9-13 y2k In Defense of American…. well be disastrous. Vulnerability in space encourages first strike by hostile nations Morgan 10 (Forrest E. Morgan, Senior Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation. Deterrence and First-Strike Stability in Space. 2010. Page 14-15 http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG916.pdf DM) Although this assessment….deterrence and stability. Scenario Two: China Chinese space power will soon overcome the United States- booming economy and technological revolution bolster space programs Quigley 9 Erik, Air Command and Staff Coll Maxwell afb al, 09 “Geo-Political Considerations to China's Rise in Space Power”, 4/2009, http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA539644 “Space is now…this cultural ideology. Chinese ASAT development increase their weaponed control over space Quigley 9 Erik, Air Command and Staff Coll Maxwell afb al, 9 “Geo-Political Considerations to China's Rise in Space Power”, 4/2009, http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA539644 On 11 January 2007, … legitimate weapons. Weaponization of space by China leads to US/China war- miscalc, escalation, and preemption doctrines guarantee Martel 3 (William C. Martel, Prof. Nat'l Security Affairs at the Naval War College, and Toshi Yoshihara, doctoral candidate at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy - Tufts U, research fellow at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, "Averting a Sino-U.S. Space Race," Autumn, 2003, The Washington Quarterly, 26:4, pp. 19-35) Strategists in …economic well-being. Chinese space dominance makes war inevitable, only US weaponization solves conflict Tellis 7 (Ashley: Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Senior Adviser to the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs, former Senior Policy Analyst at the RAND Corporation, “China's Military Space Strategy,” Survival 49:3 p41-72, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/tellis_china_space1.pdf) Finally, the growing…arms race, and win. Adv. Water SMR desalination solves water resource demands IAEA, 07 Economics of Nuclear Desalination: New Developments and Site Specific Studies” Final Results of a Coordinated Research Project 2002–2006, July 2007, 10/27/2012 DMW) 1.2. DESALINATION AS AN … nuclear expertise and capabilities. Global water scarcity’s inevitable and is the flashpoint for conflict Priyadarshi 12Nitish lecturer in the department of environment and water management at Ranchi University in India, “War for water is not a far cry”, June 16, http://www.cleangangaportal.org/node/44 Accessed 1/17/2013 DMW The battles of …1.3 million Specifically- Water increases the risk of conflict in the Middle East Deen, 1/16/2013 Thalif, Interpress Service News Agency, Digging for Water, But Striking Oil http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/01/digging-for-water-but-striking-oil/ Accessed 1/16/2013 DMW ABU DHABI, Jan 16 2013…Middle Eastern countries. Middle Eastern instability causes nuclear, chemical, and biological war. Blake 11 Hedi Blake, 2/2/11 Telegraph, Wikileaks: tension in the Middle East and Asia has direct potential to lead to nuclear war,” http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/8298427/WikiLeaks-tension-in-the-Middle-East-and-Asia-has-direct-potential-to-lead-to-nuclear-war.html, Accessed 9/17/12, mcmc Tension in the … through the skin. Water Conflicts independently cause Extinction Voinov and Cardwell 9—Alexey is Fellow @ Institute for Water Resources, US Army Corps of Engineers. Hal Cardwell , International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). “The Energy-Water Nexus: Why Should We Care?” Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, Issue 143, pages 17-29, December 2009. http://www.uvm.edu/giee/publications/Voinov_Energy_2009.pdf accessed date: 7-22-12 y2k Water and energy … allowed to work Desalination is economically viable Seneviratne 7, Gamini Nuclear News’s Vienna Correspondent, “Research projects show nuclear¶ desalination economical”, http://www.ans.org/pubs/magazines/nn/docs/2007-4-3.pdf Accessed 1/17/2013 DMW The desalination of…. $21/bbl barrel.” Solvency Military pre-commercial move key to SMR tech – 3 reasons Andres and Breetz 2011 Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap Thus far, this paper ….. U.S. military applications. Governmental intervention key for military SMR use – FOAK costs need to be allayed King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011 Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap The costs associated ….. to military installations. SMR’s are cost-effective and safe Ioannis N. Kessides and Vladimir Kuznetsov 12, Ioannis is a researcher for the Development Research Group at the World Bank, Vladimir is a consultant for the World Bank, “Small Modular Reactors for Enhancing Energy Security in Developing Countries”, August 14, Sustainability 2012, 4(8), 1806-1832 SMRs offer a number …. of scale 19.
	02/12/2013	AT: Security K Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: AT: Security K Reps don’t affect reality – material structure are more important Tuathail 96 (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct) While theoretical debates…that is human history. The alt doesn;’t solve other nations securitizing – they only make war more likely Doran, 99 (Charles, Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies, Survival, 1999, Summer, p. 148-9, proquest) The conclusion, then…the end to war. Securitization is inevitable – even the critiques discussion and research is an act of securitization. Maria Julia Trombetta, Delft University of Technology, postdoctoral researcher at the department of Economics of Infrastructures, March 19th ’08 http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Trombetta-the_securitization_of_the_environment_and_the_transformation_of_security.pdf Second, within the…of similar ones?
	02/12/2013	AT: Environment K Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Environmental pragmatism is key to action while critiquing opposing environmental ideologies Mintz 4 (Joel Mintz, Prof. of Law, Nova Southeastern Univ. and Scholar at Center for Progressive Regulation; 2004, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review “SOME THOUGHTS ON THE MERITS OF PRAGMATISM AS A GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,” 31, http://www.bc.edu/schools/law/lawreviews/meta-elements/journals/bcealr/31_1/01_FMS.htm) To this observer, pragmatism… and favorable results. Extinction outweighs all other impacts Fox 1987 Michael Phil Prof @ Queens U, Canada “nuclear weapons and the ultimate environmental crisis,” Environmental Ethics, p. 175-178 Finally, deep ecologists, … nonhuman environment. And, link turn: SMR tech is key to fighting climate change – closest nuclear commercial option Rosner and Goldberg 2011 Robert and Stephen, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S., Accessed 8-14-2012, November 2011, https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdfjap Nuclear power occupies…competitiveness of SMRs. Impact, warming causes extinction Tickell 2008 Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Gaurdian, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, 8-11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ commentisfree/2008/aug/11/ climatechangejap We need to get …. similar hothouse Earth.
	02/12/2013	AT: Hiedegger Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Value to life is subjective Swartz 02 (L. Shwartz “A Value to Life: Who Decides and How?” Medical ethics: a case-based approach 2002 www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf) Those who choose…the patient’s interests. Perm Do both- Action and reflection on consequences of that action are compatible. Padrutt, 92 – Psychiatrist and President of the Daseinsanalyse Gesellschaft – 1992 (Hanspeter Padrutt, Heidegger and the Earth, “Heidegger and Ecology,” ed. LaDelle McWhorter, P.31) Once in a while …that also has consequences. Management is inevitable- Past interventions will result in extinction unless actively reversed Levy 99- PhD @ Centre for Critical Theory at Monash Neil, “Discourses of the Environment,” ed: Eric Darier, p. 215 If the ‘technological…will be decided? alt leads to extinction Santoni, Professor of Philosophy at Denison University, 1985 (Ronald E., “Nuclear War: Philosophical Perspectives,” p. 156-7) To be sure, Fox … our planet's fate.
	02/12/2013	AT: Warming Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Nuclear energy is key to emission reduction and warming. WN, No date—World Nuclear. “Nuclear Energy: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge” http://www.world-nuclear.org/climatechange/nuclear_meetingthe_climatechange_challenge.html Accessed date: 8-21-12 y2k Climate change …reliance on fossil fuels. Nuclear Energy reduces C2 emissions Huff, 4/6/2012 Jordon B “Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University” Nuclear Energy Production: Benefitting from the Energy of the Future, http://www.cosmicscribbler.com/erau/Resources/NuclearEnergy.pdf, Pg 7-8 Accessed 8/16/2012DMW The Department of …as global warming. Military SMRs key to reducing GHG Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?” May, 21, 2012 http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA561802) ¶ The use of …critical military operations. SMR meets future energy demands and reduces GHG Wheeler 2011 (Brian Wheeler “Small Modular Reactors Are "Hot"” 2/1/2011 http://www.power-eng.com/articles/print/volume-115/issue-2/departments/nuclear-reactions/small-modular-reactors-are-hot.html) One of the “hottest…challenge at this point.
	02/12/2013	AT: Warming Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Nuclear energy is key to emission reduction and warming. WN, No date—World Nuclear. “Nuclear Energy: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge” http://www.world-nuclear.org/climatechange/nuclear_meetingthe_climatechange_challenge.html Accessed date: 8-21-12 y2k Climate change …reliance on fossil fuels. Nuclear Energy reduces C2 emissions Huff, 4/6/2012 Jordon B “Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University” Nuclear Energy Production: Benefitting from the Energy of the Future, http://www.cosmicscribbler.com/erau/Resources/NuclearEnergy.pdf, Pg 7-8 Accessed 8/16/2012DMW The Department of …as global warming. Military SMRs key to reducing GHG Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?” May, 21, 2012 http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA561802) ¶ The use of …critical military operations. SMR meets future energy demands and reduces GHG Wheeler 2011 (Brian Wheeler “Small Modular Reactors Are "Hot"” 2/1/2011 http://www.power-eng.com/articles/print/volume-115/issue-2/departments/nuclear-reactions/small-modular-reactors-are-hot.html) One of the “hottest…challenge at this point.
	02/12/2013	AT: Electricity Prices Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Non-unique – putting the military on the grid costs millions – significantly increasing the price of electricity. Aff solves by getting the military off the grid. Newsminer - October 18, 2012 ("Connecting Clear will cost us: High power prices, new heat plant make buying GVEA electricity unwise", http://newsminer.com/view/full_story/20540027/article-Connecting-Clear-will-cost-us~-~-High-power-prices~-~-new-heat-plant-make-buying-GVEA-electricity-unwise?instance=home_opinion_community_perspectives - accessed 10/20/12) kc The News-Miner published … current operating costs. Price increases inevitable – EPA regulations will increases energy costs by billions in the near future. Zanesville Times Recorder - October 19, 2012 ("Some say regulations to blame for high energy costs", http://www.zanesvilletimesrecorder.com/article/20121019/NEWS01/310190008 - accessed 10/20/12) kc ZANESVILLE — Jeremiah Clegg …out of a recession. Plan solves DA – prices increase with maximum use. Plan decreases overall use by getting military off the civilian grid. Washington Post - October 11, 2012 ("Why the US needs a networked energy grid", http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-the-us-needs-a-networked-energy-grid/2012/10/11/e2c14c92-13da-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story.html - accessed 10/20/12) kc In the United States…. or off-peak. Link turn – nuclear power keeps prices down. Cunningham - October 2012 ("Small Modular Reactors: A Possible Path Forward for Nuclear Power", by Nick Cunningham, http://americansecurityproject.org/ASP%20Reports/Ref%200087%20-%20Small%20Modular%20Reactors.pdf - accessed 10/20/12) kc Third, nuclear power … of that new business.
	02/12/2013	AT: Natives Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Util will always outweigh-morals are too abstract Michael Ignatieff 4, Carr professor of human rights at Harvard, 2k4 Lesser Evils p. 20-1 As for moral perfectionism…betray another. War turns structural violence Bulloch 8 Millennium - Journal of International Studies May 2008 vol. 36 no. 3 575-595 Douglas Bulloch, IR Department, London School of Economics and Political Science. He is currently completing his PhD in International Relations at the London School of Economics, during which time he spent a year editing Millennium: Journal of International Studies But the idea… and potentially radically – political.
	02/12/2013	Asteroid Add-on Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Asteroid detection near earth is increasing now Garretson and Kaupa 8 (Peter, Lt. Col. Chief Headquarters USAF, and Douglas, test pilot and test director for chief of staff of Air Force, Fall 2008, Planetary Defense: Potential Mitigation Roles of the Department of Defense, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj08/fal08/garretson.html) Since detection … suffering a direct hit. This solves an asteroid collision ANI, 7 (Asian News International, “Lightweight lasers can eliminate Earth-striking asteroids,” 3/20, http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/world/20070320/618874.html) Researchers at … away from Earth. Extinction Garshnek 2000 Victoria Garshnek, Global Human Futures Research Associates, David Morrison, NASA Ames Research Center, Frederick M. Burkle Jr, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine “ The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with Earth,” Space Policy 16 (2000) 213 - 222 As far as…life on Earth.
	02/12/2013	AT: FSPEC Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Obama Allocated funds but congress hasn’t appropriated those funds yet that’s the plan Tomich, 4/25/2012 Jeffrey, St.Louis Post-Dispatch, Small nuclear reactors generate hype, questions about cost” http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/small-nuclear-reactors-generate-hype-questions-about-cost/article_39757dba-8e5c-11e1-9883-001a4bcf6878.html, Accessed 8/18/2012 DMW Andrew Klein, a…in a decade.
	02/12/2013	AT: CIR Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Obama agenda packed now McGregor, Financial Times Washington Correspondent, 12-29, 2012, (Richard, "Capitol Hill plays out cliffhanger; US economy", Financial Times, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 1-3-13 Aside from the fiscal …. his re-election. Hagel will get confirmed – costs capital and thumps link WP 1-7-13 President Obama picks a confirmation fight. Can he win it?, p. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2013/01/07/president-obama-picks-a-confirmation-fight-can-he-win-it/ DA 1-17-12cd Added the source: ”For these Democrats…or two his way. Now, all he has to do is win. Political capital not key – Republicans will vote on the merits Stanage and Parnes, The Hill Staff Writer, 1-6, 2013, (Niall and Amie, "Obama to draw on public support in next round of economic battles with GOP”, The Hill, PAS) thehill.com/homenews/administration/275759-obama-will-draw-on-public-support-in-negotiating-with-gop 1-6-13 Obama aides …. persuaded of their merits. SMRs are bipartisan – DOE programs prove Domenici and Miller, Co-chairs of BPC Nuclear Initiative, 12 (Pete and Warren, Senator, BPC senior fellow, and Former Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets: A Report of the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Nuclear Initiative,” July 2012, Bipartisan Policy Center, page 20, da 8-18-12, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf, mee) Strategic Goal: Historically…deployment (RDandD) programs. Nuclear power is massively popular- politicians get on board Whitman, CASEnergy Co-Chair, 12 (Christine Todd, Former EPA Administrator and New Jersey Governor, "Nuclear Power Garners Bipartisan Support," 8-13-12, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php#2237728, accessed 9-30-12, mtf) The energy policy that …aisle can support. Winners win- bandwagoning Green, Hofstra political science professor, 2010 (David, "The Do-Nothing 44th President ", 6-11, http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-Do-Nothing-44th-Presid-by-David-Michael-Gree-100611-648.html, ldg) Moreover, there is…what they did.
	02/12/2013	AT: Militarism CP Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: detailed military education prevents extinction Military education is key to ethical knowledge production – ensures that we learn from our past mistakes HANSON 2007 (Victor Davis Hanson, Professor of Classics at CSU Fullerton, “Why Study War?” City Journal, Summer) It’s no surprise that civilian …obligation to stop them. The best and most recent Stats prove heg solves war Owen ‘11 John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/ Andrew Mack and his colleagues ….democracy remains strong. Realism is true and inevitable – a shift away collapses into chaos. Mearsheimer, 1 (professor of political science at University of Chicago, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, pg. 361, 2001) The optimists' claim that …in each region at peace. No impact – threat construction isn’t sufficient to cause wars Kaufman, Prof Poli Sci and IR – U Delaware, ‘9 (Stuart J, “Narratives and Symbols in Violent Mobilization: The Palestinian-Israeli Case,” Security Studies 18:3, 400 – 434) Even when hostile narratives….and a security dilemma. Positivism best and epistemology doesn’t come first Houghton 8 – Associate Professor of International Relations Theory at the University of Central Florida (David Patrick, Positivism ‘vs’ Postmodernism: Does Epistemology Make a Difference? International Politics (2008) 45 ) As long ago as 1981, Yale ….international relations scene today. Their authors are so steeped in anti-Americanism that they can’t make reliable evaluations Ravenal ‘9 Earl C. Ravenal, distinguished senior fellow in foreign policy studies @ Cato, is professor emeritus of the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. He is an expert on NATO, defense strategy, and the defense budget. He is the author of Designing Defense for a New World Order. What's Empire Got to Do with It? The Derivation of America's Foreign Policy.” Critical Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Politics and Society 21.1 (2009) 21-75 Finally, there is America’s…upon the United States.
	02/12/2013	AT: T-Financial incentives Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: 2. Counterinterpretation: Energy incentives include increasing / decreasing taxes, increasing regulations, government RandD, government ownership Cole et al., 1981, Report Prepared for the US Department of Energy by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, (R.J., “An Analysis of Federal Incentives Used to Stimulate Energy Consumption”, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, August, Pg. 2-4, PAS) http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/6297899-P5soYm/6297899.pdf 8-12-12 DEFINITION OF INCENTIVES …. part of category 4. Procurement is Financial incentives BASE, No Date, Business Alliance for Sustainable Energy, 3EStrategies, “A Guide to U.S. Federal, Oregon, and Local Financial Incentives Available to Firms Engaged in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency,” http://www.3estrategies.org/Documents/IncentivesforSEcompaniesguide~-~-3-06_000.pdf U.S. FEDERAL …for further information.
	02/12/2013	AT: T-In US Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: 2. Counter-interpretation: Bases are part of the US Rasul et al v Rumsfeld et al 2004 Appellate decision of the US District Court of DC, http://old.usccb.org/ogc/RasulvRumsfeld.pdfjap The other factor …whether statutory or otherwise”). 3. Reasons to prefer A) Aff Ground They eliminate almost every affirmative that results in energy overseas For example – research and development affirmatives Bump 2012 Philip Bump writes about the news for Gristmill. Scoop: A preview of Romney’s energy plan, http://grist.org/news/scoop-a-preview-of-romneys-energy-plan/jap Romney will …on gender lines. B) Literature checks and No impact – bases are argued in the literature both ways. Makes it predictable, but is also the ONLY added affirmative the counterinterpretation allows Rasul et al v Rumsfeld et al 2004 Appellate decision of the US District Court of DC, http://old.usccb.org/ogc/RasulvRumsfeld.pdfjap There are …statute being reviewed.

Date

Entry

11/14/2012

App State 1AC

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
ADV 1 Military
Military actions to reduce and change energy inputs fail
Andres and Breetz 2011 Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at
the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security
and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic
Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate
in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology.
Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological
Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?
Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap

The DOD interest in….. Each of these is explored below.

Civilian grid failures put military electricity access at risk – it provides 99 percent of their power
Andres and Breetz 2011
Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a
Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic
research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna
L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts
institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and
Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/
GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap

Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable….. interdependence of modern infrastructural systems.8

Military over reliance on the grid provides an incentive for attack – kills heg AND causes nuclear
war
Andres and Breetz 2011Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at
the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security
and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic
Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate
in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology.
Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological
Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?
Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712ja

More recently, awareness has been….. function for more than a few days after the civilian grid
went offline.

Old infrastructure risks grid vulnerability
Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The
Army's Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802
DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM

Aging Infrastructure. The U.S electric power…. to increase in the future.¶

Natural disasters risk grid vulnerability

Robitaille 12 (George E. Robitaille- Department of Army Civilian "Small Modular Reactors: The
Army's Secure Source of Energy" 21-03-2012 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA561802
DATE ACCESSED: 9/26/12) TM

Adverse Weather. According to a 2008 grid….. to become more ¶ frequent.

US military energy security key to mission effectiveness – allows focus on critical and strategic
missions
Udall 2012
Mark Udall, Democratic Senator from Colorado, May 22, 2012, Energy Security is National
Security
http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.phpjap

No one needs to tell consumers…. a false choice – they go hand in hand.

SMR’s key to maintain security of power grid – solves military vulnerabilities
Baker 12
Matthew, American Security Project, Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for
the Military’s Energy Needs?” http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-
reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/ Accessed 8/19/2012 DMW

SMRs are able to be constructed…. make such bases energy self-sufficient.

SMR key to military survivability
King 11
Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power
on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/
Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

Having a reliable source of electricity…. independent of the commercial grid 4.
Military readiness key to prevent extinction
Feldstein 2007
Martin, “The underfunded Pentagon,” Foreign Affairs, March/Apriljap

Deterring other great powers,…. of the U.S. military structure.

Nuclear war
Frederick Kagan and Michael O’Hanlon 7, Fred’s a resident scholar at AEI, Michael is a senior
fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, “The Case for Larger Ground Forces”, April, http://
www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf

We live at a time when wars…. Such a measure is not only prudent, it is also badly overdue.

ADV 2 Leadership

Nuclear power investment is being avoided – SMR investment leads to major increases in energy
production and is key to nuclear energy leadership
Goure 2010

Daniel Goure, Ph.D., States News Service, July 19, 2010 Monday, SMALL, MODULAR NUCLEAR
POWER PLANTS ADDRESS FUTURE ENERGY CHALLENGES, Lexis, AD 6/5/12jap

Yet, with all this attention and….. at home and U.S. nuclear reactor sales abroad.

Nuclear energy leadership key to control of nonproliferation, only players can change the game
Wallace and Williams 2012
(Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams “Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise”
2012 http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf)

Third, in the past, the U.S…. U.S. nuclear industry and take ¶ action to prevent its early demise

US Nuke leadership solves proliferation and international nuclear accidents – increases reliance
on US nuclear policies
Domenici and Miller 2012
Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. “Pete” Miller, former Department of Energy (DOE)
Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy | July 2012, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global
Nuclear Energy Markets, Bipartisan Policy Center, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/
Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdfjap

Strategic Goal: Continued strong…. and we support efforts to maintain and expand these
policies.

SMR development key to nuclear tech leadership – puts US at front of evolving nuclear tech
Fleischmann 11
Congressman Chuck Fleischmann is a conservative Republican who represents the 3rd District
of Tennessee. Small Modular Reactors Could Help With U.S. Energy Needs, http://www.aps.org/
publications/capitolhillquarterly/201110/backpage.cfmjap

The timely implementation of small reactors…. significant headway to truly gaining energy
independence.

US controlled SMRs key to nonproliferation – production in other countries isn’t as safe
COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 2011
(Senate Hearing 112-107- COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES¶ “SMALL
NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ¶ ALTERNATIVE FUELS¶ ” JUNE 7, 2011 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/
pkg/CHRG-112shrg68432/html/CHRG-112shrg68432.htm)

Third, there is a national security aspect…. approach toward safety and nonproliferation.

Prolif cascades cause militarization of disputes—escalates to great power war
Kroenig 9
Matt Kroenig, assistant professor of Government at Georgetown University and a
Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, November 2009,
Beyond Optimism and Pessimism: The Differential Effects of Nuclear Proliferation, http://
belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/19671/beyond_optimism_and_pessimism.html

Nuclear proliferation can…. Sino-American strategic relationship.

Cold War no longer applies—nuclear war
Cimbala 8
Stephen Cimbala, Ph.D., Penn State Brandywine Political Science Distinguished Professor, 2008,
Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia, Comparative Strategy Volume 27,
Issue 2

The spread of nuclear weapons in…. guides to the avoidance of war outside of Europe.

Plan Text: The United States Federal Government should allocate funding to the DoD for the
development of Small Modular Reactors (SMR) for the United States military use.

Adv 3

DOD should install SMRs on military bases—catalyzes support for SMR and US leadership—
ensures global spillover of SMR.
Loudermilk 11—Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental
Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense
University, contracted through ASE Inc. “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security:
Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs” 31 May 2011 Accessed date: 8-21-12 y2k

Problematically, despite the immense energy… solidify long-term support for nuclear energy

Military pre-commercial move key to SMR tech – 3 reasons
Andres and Breetz 2011
Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a
Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic
research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna
L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts
institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and
Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/
GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap

Thus far, this paper…. technologies for U.S. military applications.

Current SMR initiatives will fail – Valley of death syndrome. Only military investment solves
Andres and Breetz 2011
Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a
Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic
research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna
L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts
institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and
Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/
GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap

The “Valley of Death.” Given…. it should pursue a leader- ship role now.

Governmental intervention key for military SMR use – FOAK costs need to be allayed

King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011
Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power
on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/
Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

The costs associated with…. providing elec- tricity to military installations.

The military has the experience to be an SMR first mover
King 11
Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power
on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/
Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

DoD’s operational experience with nuclear power….. interest in nuclear power began to wane.

SMR’s are cost-effective and safe
Ioannis N. Kessides and Vladimir Kuznetsov 12, Ioannis is a researcher for the Development
Research Group at the World Bank, Vladimir is a consultant for the World Bank, “Small Modular
Reactors for Enhancing Energy Security in Developing Countries”, August 14, Sustainability 2012,
4(8), 1806-1832

SMRs offer a number of advantages…. characterized by significant economies of scale 19.

Util will always outweigh-morals are too abstract
Michael Ignatieff 4, Carr professor of human rights at Harvard, 2k4 Lesser Evils p. 20-1

As for moral perfectionism…. respect for one right might lead us to betray another.

02/12/2013

Navy 1AC

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Adv 1. Space (China Impact)
DOD SMR development allows the Air Force to deploy a space weapon
Maybury 12 (Chief Scientist-USAF, “Energy Horizons: United States Air Force Energy SandT Vision 2011-2026,” 1/31, http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/energy.pdf)

Space is the … space based assets increases.

Scenario One: Hegemony
Space-based defense maintains US primacy across the globe- deters aggression and increases tech leadership AND the tech exists now.
Pfaltzgraf and Van Cleave 7 (Dr. Robert L. Pfaltzgraf, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies The Fletcher School, Tufts University and President Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis and Dr. William R. Van Cleave, Professor Emeritus Department of Defense and Strategic Studies Missouri State University. Independent Working Group, “Missile Defense, The Space Relationship, and the 21st Century”, 2007, http://www.ifpa.org/pdf/IWGreport.pdf, Manchester)

These priorities necessitate … central to this task.

Space militarization is inevitable - the absence of US power projection in space encourages weaponization by hostile nations
Mueller 2 Karl P. Mueller, senior political scientist at the RAND corporation. Ph.D. in politics, Princeton University; B.A. in political science, University of Chicago, “Is the Weaponization of Space Inevitable?” RAND Corporation, 27 March, 2002

Far and away the best ….military power projection.

Space dominance maintains US primacy globally- control over space affords us diplomatic, economic, and military power.
Fredriksson 3 –Brian E, Lt Col, Chief of Plans for 14th Air Force at Vandenberg AFB, CA. Masters thesis for graduation at school of advanced air and space studies., “GLOBALNESS: TOWARD A SPACE POWER THEORY.” A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES FOR COMPLETION OF GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS. June)

Space factors prominently….the total slightly.

US engagement is inevitable---maintaining heg is key to solve nuclear conflict and every geopolitical hotspot---key to fostering international cooperation which solves every existential threat.
Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth 13 Stephen Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College AND John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul AND John Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. “Lean Forward,” Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, EBSCO, Accessed date: 1-9-13 y2k

In Defense of American…. well be disastrous.

Vulnerability in space encourages first strike by hostile nations
Morgan 10 (Forrest E. Morgan, Senior Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation. Deterrence and First-Strike Stability in Space. 2010. Page 14-15 http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG916.pdf DM)

Although this assessment….deterrence and stability.

Scenario Two: China
Chinese space power will soon overcome the United States- booming economy and technological revolution bolster space programs
Quigley 9 Erik, Air Command and Staff Coll Maxwell afb al, 09 “Geo-Political Considerations to China's Rise in Space Power”, 4/2009, http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA539644

“Space is now…this cultural ideology.
Chinese ASAT development increase their weaponed control over space
Quigley 9 Erik, Air Command and Staff Coll Maxwell afb al, 9 “Geo-Political Considerations to China's Rise in Space Power”, 4/2009, http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA539644
On 11 January 2007, … legitimate weapons.

Weaponization of space by China leads to US/China war- miscalc, escalation, and preemption doctrines guarantee
Martel 3 (William C. Martel, Prof. Nat'l Security Affairs at the Naval War College, and Toshi Yoshihara, doctoral candidate at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy - Tufts U, research fellow at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, "Averting a Sino-U.S. Space Race," Autumn, 2003, The Washington Quarterly, 26:4, pp. 19-35)

Strategists in …economic well-being.
Chinese space dominance makes war inevitable, only US weaponization solves conflict
Tellis 7 (Ashley: Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Senior Adviser to the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs, former Senior Policy Analyst at the RAND Corporation, “China's Military Space Strategy,” Survival 49:3 p41-72, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/tellis_china_space1.pdf)

Finally, the growing…arms race, and win.
Adv. Water
SMR desalination solves water resource demands
IAEA, 07 Economics of Nuclear Desalination: New Developments and Site Specific Studies” Final Results of a Coordinated Research Project 2002–2006, July 2007, 10/27/2012 DMW)

1.2. DESALINATION AS AN … nuclear expertise and capabilities.
Global water scarcity’s inevitable and is the flashpoint for conflict
Priyadarshi 12Nitish lecturer in the department of environment and water management at Ranchi University in India, “War for water is not a far cry”, June 16, http://www.cleangangaportal.org/node/44 Accessed 1/17/2013 DMW

The battles of …1.3 million
Specifically- Water increases the risk of conflict in the Middle East
Deen, 1/16/2013 Thalif, Interpress Service News Agency, Digging for Water, But Striking Oil http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/01/digging-for-water-but-striking-oil/ Accessed 1/16/2013 DMW

ABU DHABI, Jan 16 2013…Middle Eastern countries.

Middle Eastern instability causes nuclear, chemical, and biological war.
Blake 11 Hedi Blake, 2/2/11 Telegraph, Wikileaks: tension in the Middle East and Asia has direct potential to lead to nuclear war,” http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/8298427/WikiLeaks-tension-in-the-Middle-East-and-Asia-has-direct-potential-to-lead-to-nuclear-war.html, Accessed 9/17/12, mcmc

Tension in the … through the skin.

Water Conflicts independently cause Extinction
Voinov and Cardwell 9—Alexey is Fellow @ Institute for Water Resources, US Army Corps of Engineers. Hal Cardwell , International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). “The Energy-Water Nexus: Why Should We Care?” Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, Issue 143, pages 17-29, December 2009. http://www.uvm.edu/giee/publications/Voinov_Energy_2009.pdf accessed date: 7-22-12 y2k

Water and energy … allowed to work
Desalination is economically viable
Seneviratne 7, Gamini Nuclear News’s Vienna Correspondent, “Research projects show nuclear¶ desalination economical”, http://www.ans.org/pubs/magazines/nn/docs/2007-4-3.pdf Accessed 1/17/2013 DMW

The desalination of…. $21/bbl barrel.”

Solvency
Military pre-commercial move key to SMR tech – 3 reasons
Andres and Breetz 2011
Richard B. andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA545712jap

Thus far, this paper ….. U.S. military applications.

Governmental intervention key for military SMR use – FOAK costs need to be allayed
King, Huntzinger and Nguyen 2011
Marcus King • LaVar Huntzinger • Thoi Nguyen, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdfjap

The costs associated ….. to military installations.
SMR’s are cost-effective and safe
Ioannis N. Kessides and Vladimir Kuznetsov 12, Ioannis is a researcher for the Development Research Group at the World Bank, Vladimir is a consultant for the World Bank, “Small Modular Reactors for Enhancing Energy Security in Developing Countries”, August 14, Sustainability 2012, 4(8), 1806-1832

SMRs offer a number …. of scale 19.

02/12/2013

AT: Security K

02/12/2013

AT: Environment K

02/12/2013

AT: Hiedegger

02/12/2013

AT: Warming

02/12/2013

AT: Warming

02/12/2013

AT: Electricity Prices

02/12/2013

AT: Natives

02/12/2013

Asteroid Add-on

02/12/2013

AT: FSPEC

02/12/2013

AT: CIR

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Obama agenda packed now
McGregor, Financial Times Washington Correspondent, 12-29, 2012,
(Richard, "Capitol Hill plays out cliffhanger; US economy", Financial Times, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 1-3-13

Aside from the fiscal …. his re-election.

Hagel will get confirmed – costs capital and thumps link
WP 1-7-13 President Obama picks a confirmation fight. Can he win it?, p. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2013/01/07/president-obama-picks-a-confirmation-fight-can-he-win-it/ DA 1-17-12cd

Added the source: ”For these Democrats…or two his way. Now, all he has to do is win.

Political capital not key – Republicans will vote on the merits
Stanage and Parnes, The Hill Staff Writer, 1-6, 2013,
(Niall and Amie, "Obama to draw on public support in next round of economic battles with GOP”, The Hill, PAS) thehill.com/homenews/administration/275759-obama-will-draw-on-public-support-in-negotiating-with-gop 1-6-13

Obama aides …. persuaded of their merits.

SMRs are bipartisan – DOE programs prove
Domenici and Miller, Co-chairs of BPC Nuclear Initiative, 12
(Pete and Warren, Senator, BPC senior fellow, and Former Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets: A Report of the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Nuclear Initiative,” July 2012, Bipartisan Policy Center, page 20, da 8-18-12, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf, mee)

Strategic Goal: Historically…deployment (RDandD) programs.

Nuclear power is massively popular- politicians get on board
Whitman, CASEnergy Co-Chair, 12
(Christine Todd, Former EPA Administrator and New Jersey Governor, "Nuclear Power Garners Bipartisan Support," 8-13-12, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php#2237728, accessed 9-30-12, mtf)

The energy policy that …aisle can support.

Winners win- bandwagoning
Green, Hofstra political science professor, 2010
(David, "The Do-Nothing 44th President ", 6-11, http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-Do-Nothing-44th-Presid-by-David-Michael-Gree-100611-648.html, ldg)

Moreover, there is…what they did.

02/12/2013

AT: Militarism CP

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
detailed military education prevents extinction
Military education is key to ethical knowledge production – ensures that we learn from our past mistakes
HANSON 2007 (Victor Davis Hanson, Professor of Classics at CSU Fullerton, “Why Study War?” City Journal, Summer)

It’s no surprise that civilian …obligation to stop them.

The best and most recent Stats prove heg solves war
Owen ‘11
John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/

Andrew Mack and his colleagues ….democracy remains strong.

Realism is true and inevitable – a shift away collapses into chaos.
Mearsheimer, 1 (professor of political science at University of Chicago, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, pg. 361, 2001)

The optimists' claim that …in each region at peace.
No impact – threat construction isn’t sufficient to cause wars
Kaufman, Prof Poli Sci and IR – U Delaware, ‘9
(Stuart J, “Narratives and Symbols in Violent Mobilization: The Palestinian-Israeli Case,” Security Studies 18:3, 400 – 434)

Even when hostile narratives….and a security dilemma.

Positivism best and epistemology doesn’t come first
Houghton 8 – Associate Professor of International Relations Theory at the University of Central Florida
(David Patrick, Positivism ‘vs’ Postmodernism: Does Epistemology Make a Difference? International Politics (2008) 45 )

As long ago as 1981, Yale ….international relations scene today.

Their authors are so steeped in anti-Americanism that they can’t make reliable evaluations
Ravenal ‘9
Earl C. Ravenal, distinguished senior fellow in foreign policy studies @ Cato, is professor emeritus of the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. He is an expert on NATO, defense strategy, and the defense budget. He is the author of Designing Defense for a New World Order. What's Empire Got to Do with It? The Derivation of America's Foreign Policy.” Critical Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Politics and Society 21.1 (2009) 21-75

Finally, there is America’s…upon the United States.

02/12/2013

AT: T-Financial incentives

02/12/2013

AT: T-In US

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Created by Jackie Poapst on 2012/11/14 21:34

Mendoza-Brown Aff

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AT: Security K

AT: Environment K

AT: Hiedegger

AT: Warming

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AT: T-Financial incentives

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