Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Renewables Link

The drive for renewable energy plays into the capitalist drive for profits – planetary catastrophe is inevitable under capitalism regardless of whether we transition from oil to renewables.
Principia Dialectica 2009 Principia Dialectica, "Capitalism Isn’t Addicted to Oil - but Profits," September 30, 2009, http://www.principiadialectica.co.uk/blog/?p=564-http://www.principiadialectica.co.uk/blog/?p=564, mcmc

In 2008, the companies making the largest worldwide profits were all oil companies (
AND
which already exist, and will continue to arise, whilst capitalism persists. 

Heg link

Hegemony is used to promote capitalism.

Meszaros 7 (Istvan Professor Emeritus t Sussex, "The Only Viable Economy," Monthly Review, http://www.monthlyreview.org/0407meszaros.htm)

In our time, by contrast, we have to face up to the reality
AND
be also positively sustainable in the future on a long-term basis.

Economy Link

The idea of economic growth sustains capitalism - creates poverty

Madra %26 Özselçuk ’07, professor at the department of economics @ oğaziçi Üniversitesi and Gettysbyrg Universit/ Ph.D. @ University of Massachusetts Amherst in Sociology (Yahya %26 Ceren, "Chapter Four Economy, Surplus, Politics: Some Questions On Slavoj Žižek’s Political Economy Critique Of Capitalism" 2007 http://www.surplusthought.net/ymadra/MadraOzselcuk.pdf)//JES-http://www.surplusthought.net/ymadra/MadraOzselcuk.pdf)/JES
It is important to note that the exception that constitutes the capitalist-all is
AND
that articulates this function. We call this difference the communist moment.17

Job Creation Link

====They further subdue workers with the illusion of liberatory opportunity. The expansion and promotion of work in the current societal mindset will only expand the prevailing form of thought within the workforce: apathy toward refusing participation in an oppressive societal structure. ====
The Invisible Committee 09- an anonymous group of French communist badass terrorists August 30, 2009 ("The Coming Insurrection", Semiotext(e) P. 45-6)

The sentimental confusion that surrounds the question of work can be explained thus: the
AND
a "Mining Museum" in which methane blasts are simulated for vacationers.

Nuke Power Link

Nuclear power is implicitly representative of a capitalist drive for profits despite the dangers it poses

Acheson 11 (Ray - Reaching Critical Will Director @ WILPF %26 worked with the Institute for Defense %26 Disarmament Studies, "Costs, risks, and myths of nuclear power", Introduction, http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf - accessed 9/23/12) kc

For the nuclear power industry, whether in Japan or elsewhere, the primary motive
AND
disaster that they woud phase-out nuclear power from their energy mixes.

Fossil Fuels Link

Plan contributes to the capitalist drive for energy – inevitably leads to planetary extinction.

Charman 2010 Karen Charman, Managing editor of Capitalism Nature Socialism, M.A. Journalism, Columbia University, "Trashing the Planet for Natural Gas: Shale Gas Development Threatens Freshwater Sources, Likely Escalates Climate Destabilization" Capitalism Nature Socialism,  21:4 December 2010, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10455752.2010.531929-http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10455752.2010.531929. Mcmc

As the large, easy reservoirs of fossil fuels are exhausted, the capitalist machine
AND
unabated, will make the earth uninhabitable for life as we know it. 

1nc Ethics Impact

Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
AND
abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

ALT

Thus our alternative is a commitment to the Communist Hypothesis.  Every ethical decision should be infused with all of the significance of humanity’s destiny. The affirmative reduces life to a barbaric ratrace and stands opposed to universal emancipation.

Alain Badiou, former Chair of Philosophy at École normale supérieure, 2008.  ~The Meaning of Sarkozy, pp. 97-103~ 

I would like to situate the Sarkozy episode, which is not an impressive page
AND
the moment at which we find ourselves in the history of this hypothesis.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The debate over nuclear energy is a debate about memory – the nuclear industry relies on a narrative of technological progress that calls on us to forget the trauma of the past in favor of the bright future promised by nuclear energy.

Hayase 12 Nozomi Hayase," Fukushima to ~%23Ajisai Revolution; The Mosaic of Recollection"  JOURNALING BETWEEN WORLDS Global Citizen Blogging July 18, 2012, http://nozomimagine.com/2012/07/18/-http://nozomimagine.com/2012/07/18/

The shock and aftermath of the tsunami temporarily swept people’s feet off the ground.
AND
of memory against forgetting." Our struggle is to resist forgetting our past. 

However, the dominant narrative of nuclear energy can and is being challenged – one alternative source of memory about nuclear violence comes from the poetic praxis of the Japanese band Frying Dutchman:

Hayase 12 Nozomi Hayase," Fukushima to ~%23Ajisai Revolution; The Mosaic of Recollection"  JOURNALING BETWEEN WORLDS Global Citizen Blogging July 18, 2012, http://nozomimagine.com/2012/07/18/-http://nozomimagine.com/2012/07/18/

The resistance didn’t come from the political arena, where promises for change are often
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country’s past, the visceral experience of the dark side of nuclear power. 

The task of your ballot should be to join in this struggle of memory against forgetting – your ballot can contribute to the discursive mosaic of resistance surrounding the memory of nuclear violence. Each act of remembering is key to bringing about an inter-connected struggle to reclaim the nuclear public sphere.

Hayase 12 Nozomi Hayase," Fukushima to ~%23Ajisai Revolution; The Mosaic of Recollection"  JOURNALING BETWEEN WORLDS Global Citizen Blogging July 18, 2012, http://nozomimagine.com/2012/07/18/-http://nozomimagine.com/2012/07/18/

This mosaic is our collective recollection. It becomes a shield against forgetting and disrupted
AND
In the wake of the Fukushima disaster, our remembering has just begun. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Calls for energy production are predicated upon dualist objectification- the alternative is to reject the aff to re-examine our ontological position.
Goodman 11 (Benny Goodman is a professor at Plymouth University Transformation for health and sustainability: Dualism and Anthropocentrism. plymouth.academia.edu/bennygoodman /Papers/677349/ Transformation_for_health_and_sustainability_Dualism_and_Anthropocentrism

This ontological position of our ’being’ in the world may devalue the physical world
AND
, we have created a brave new world fit for….buying stuff.

Causes extinction and ontological destruction.  
Gottlieb 94 (Roger S. Gottlieb, professor of humanities at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1994, "ETHICS AND TRAUMA: LEVINAS, FEMINISM, AND DEEP ECOLOGY", http://www.crosscurrents.org/feministecology.htm

Perhaps there is in progress another, even more encompassing Death Event, which can
AND
women can feed an infant, but we have only one earth mother. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Insert Uniqueness

Perception of increases in supply and decreases in demand cause immediate drop in global oil prices.

Fedlstein 2008 Martin Feldstein chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Reagan, is a professor at Harvard and a member of The Wall Street Journal’s board of contributors, "We Can Lower Oil Prices Now," Originally published in The Wall Street Journal July 1, 2008 http://www.nber.org/feldstein/wsj07012008.pdf-http://www.nber.org/feldstein/wsj07012008.pdf

Now here is the good news. Any policy that causes the expected future oil
AND
or elsewhere, can therefore lead both to lower prices and increased consumption today 

High Oil prices key to the Russian Economy

Nichol 2012 Jim Nichol, Coordinator Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs, Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests, Congressional Research Service, February 10, 2012, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33407.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33407.pdf

Russia’s economy began to recover from the Soviet collapse in 1999, led mainly by
AND
and high rates of crime, corruption, capital flight, and unemployment.

Russian economic decline causes nuclear prolif, accidents, and miscalc.
Cohen 2001 Stephen Cohen, Prof of Russian Studies at NYU, June 7, 2001, http://www.thenation.com/article/russian-nuclear-roulette?page=full-http://www.thenation.com/article/russian-nuclear-roulette?page=full

The bad news is this: Because of what has happened in Russia since the
AND
to rely more heavily than it already does on its fragile nuclear controls. 

Impact’s extinction
Leslie 96 John Leslie, Professor Emeritus of philosophy @ University of Guelph, 1996, The End of the World: The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction, p. 32

Probably, however, it has been accidental nuclear war between the United States and
AND
as low as the regimental level could result in three hundred nuclear explosions.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Recent approval of South Korea’s SMART reactor has set the stage for South Korean dominance of SMR technology.

Dong-joon 7-5-2012
Korean All-in-one SMR Won World’s First Standard Design Approval http://english.etnews.com/electronics/2610838_1303.html

South Korea’s homegrown SMART reactor has obtained a Standard Design Approval (SDA). With
AND
in advance until 2050, which is valued at approximately 350 trillion won." 

Plan trades off with South Korean SMR development. SK will export their nuclear technology to the U.S

Mowry 7-14-2012
Christofer Mowry is president of Babcock %26 Wilcox Nuclear Energy Inc. (Written Testimony Before the
Energy %26 Water Subcommittee of the Senate Appropriations Committee) https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v%26q=cache:DROyBvy3_D8J:www.appropriations.senate.gov/ht-energy.cfm%3Fmethod%3Dhearings.download%26id%3D814d37cf-a08e-4836-aa57-b0669da6ae5e+%26hl=en%26gl=us%26pid=bl%26srcid=ADGEEShjFr8foL8myuxYz2FRc3RlwHTi8ehc9pO6MoqDa09kugcxaP0Ony1QePQDzpHhx5mWXyQk9DnAwN- tQUw7_rWOmksPoeraciJ7CbEwQd M6YVdWeKkxfll6_zPvXCjX_mV8DIL%26sig=AHIEtbTY6LFybxNN kzQMycDFRd1O7z MrRA) NM

Failing to move forward with this program will not stall the deployment of SMRs in the United
States or world-wide, but will simply stymie the U.S.
AND
.S. design, supply chain, construction, and operations jobs.

Nuclear Industry key to South Korean Economy

Hodge 7-11-2012
(Nick Hodge is the Managing editor of Energy %26 Capital and investment director of the advisory Early Advantage) South Korea goes Nuclear http://www.energyandcapital.com/articles/korea-goes-nuclear/2320

It’s one of the fastest-growing developed nations in the world. In fact
AND
being arranged with Turkey, Indonesia, India, China, and Malaysia.

Economic downturn causes instability and East Asian Prolif

Richardson, 06
(Corey, Staff Writer, Asia Times, "South Korea Must Choose Sides", http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/HI09Dg02.html-http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/HI09Dg02.html)

A Korea faced with an economic dilemma of such magnitude would find maintaining its conventional
AND
between China and Japan, or the Koguryo dispute between Korea and China. 

Global nuclear war

Ogura and Oh 97
(Toshimaru and Ingyu, Professor of Economics at Toyama University, Professor of Innovation Managemnet at the Middle East Technical University in Northern Cyprus, "Nuclear clouds over the Korean Peninsula and Japan", BNET, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_n11_v48/ai_19693242/pg_7?tag=artBody;col1-http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_n11_v48/ai_19693242/pg_7?tag=artBody;col1)

North Korea, South Korea, and Japan have achieved quasi- or virtual nuclear
AND
hot conflict among these countries would threaten to escalate into a global conflagration.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The aff should defend a topical plan. All advantages should be causal results of the plan.

Prefer our interpretation:

Grammar-

a. Federal Government refers to the national government.

Hartley ’96  (John, "American Civics", p. 39, Google Print)

The term federal government refers to the national government, which is centered in Washington, D.C.

b. Resolved means to enact by law

Words and Phrases ’64  (Permanent Edition)

Definition ofthe word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ’it was resolved by the legislature;" It is of similar force to the word "enact," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law".

They make debate Impossible –

a. Ground- the federal government only stable basis for negground. If they aren’t tied to defending it then it’s unlikely we will have applicable research.

b. Limits- they allow any individual ideology, theory or cause to become an aff, which negates our ability to effectively research the aff.

c. Extra T- The aff claims advantages that are unrelated to instrumental implementation, proves the resolution insufficient.

They hijack Education – Predictability is the basis of neg strategy, which is key to clash. The impact is rigorous testing of policies, which is the only way to truly understand the world and is key to value to life.

Zappen ’4  (James, Prof. Language and Literature – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, "The Rebirth of Dialogue: Bakhtin, Socrates, and the Rhetorical Tradition", p. 35-36)

Finally, Bakhtin describes the Socratic dialogue as a carnivalesque debate between opposing points of
AND
in Soocrates’ successive refutations and humiliations of Gorgias, Polus, and Callicles. 

Switch-side debate creates tolerance for alternative viewpoints, which prevents moral dogmatism.

Muir ’93 (Star, Prof. Comm. – George Mason U., Philosophy and Rhetoric, "A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate", 26(4), pp. 288-290)

Values clarification, Stewart is correct in pointing out, does not mean that no
AND
thinking, and in turn for the development of a reasoned moral identity. 

They create a political vacuum that cements the status quo

Cook ’92 (Anthony, Associate Professor – Georgetown Law, New England Law Review, Spring, 26 New Eng.L. Rev. 751, Lexis)

The effect of deconstructing the power of the author to impose a fixed meaning on
AND
those who influence us through their eloquence, prestige, wealth and power.

It’s a prior question. Without agreement on the subject debate is impossible.

Shively ’00 (Ruth Lessl, Former Assistant Prof. Pol. Sci. – Texas A%26M, in "Political Theory and Partisan Politics", Ed. Portis, Gundersen and Shively, pp. 181-182)

The requirements given thus far are primarily negative. The ambiguists must say "no
AND
. In other words, contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony. 

Ontology must be secondary to the prior question of political practice

Jarvis ’00 (Darryl, Senior Lecturer in International Relations – University of Sydney, International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, p. 128-9)

More is the pity that such irrational and obviously abstruse debate should so occupy us
AND
work to address the real life plight of those who struggle at marginal places

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The cultural turn evoked by "post-strategies" attempts to break part any material analysis through the use of discursive analysis – despite their attempts to incorporate materialism it remains culturalist and stuck within the paradigm of capitalism.

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, "Class in Culture", p. 27-29)

On the theoretical level, the attacks on labor focused on the material logic:
AND
ideology. Therefore to understand culture, one needs to look "outside."

Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
AND
abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of historical materialism – historical materialism links social praxis to a decisive judgment on capitalist oppression.

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is
AND
Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) 224-225
Historical materialism has, therefore, a much greater value for the proletariat than that
AND
and so that, armed with this knowledge, it could act accordingly. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Explanation of history as a struggle of people against oppressive regime is anthropocentric.

Resch, associate professor of history at Texas A%26M University, 1992
~Robert Paul, "Althusser and the Renewal of Marxist Social Theory" Berkeley:  University of California Press, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft3n39n8x3/-http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft3n39n8x3/ Accessed date: 11-1-01~  y2k

Pluralism, relativism, and individualism work together and reinforce each other, but for
AND
"freedoms" against an oppressive but confoundedly hydra-headed "power." 

Anthropocentrism is the root-cause of patriarchy, slavery, racism, and any form of domination.

Best, Associate Professor of Department of Humanities and Philosophies at University of Texas, 2007
~Steven, "Book Review: The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust" Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume V, Issue 2, http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/JCAS-Special-Issue-Women-of-Color-November-3-FINAL-2010.pdf-http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/JCAS-Special-Issue-Women-of-Color-November-3-FINAL-2010.pdf accessed date: 11-7-11~ y2k

It is little understood that the first form of oppression, domination, and hierarchy
AND
inflicted on black slaves were developed and perfected centuries earlier through animal exploitation. 

Speciesist discourse creates the radical othering of non-human animals reducing them to bare life.

Catlaw 2012 Thomas J. Catlaw is associate professor of public affairs at  the School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University. Regarding the Animal On Biopolitics and the Limits of Humanism in Public Administration http://mesharpe.metapress.com/media/3pvxjjyxmn7wwcxwhkdr/contributions/v/3/2/8/v32838063kujg256.pdf-http://mesharpe.metapress.com/media/3pvxjjyxmn7wwcxwhkdr/contributions/v/3/2/8/v32838063kujg256.pdf

Speciesism, commodification, and its consequences are the manifestation of the practice of radical
AND
book, we love, hate, and eat (Herzog, 2010).

Bare life leads to unending violence and genocide against those deemed not politically worthy.

KOCHI %26 ORDAN 2K8 (Tarik Kochi is a professor at Queen’s University. Noam Ordan is a professor at Bar llan University)  "an argument for the global suicide of humanity", vol 7. no. 4., bourderlands e-journal http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf-http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf

Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered
AND
"an eternal Treblinka" (Singer, 1968, p.750).

Thus the Alternative: Vote negative to reject the ethical exceptionalism of the 1AC.

Rejecting the affirmative opens up the understanding of the species-being, allowing us to move beyond the religion of humanism.

HUDSON 2K4 ~Laura, The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life, mediations journal, http://www.mediationsjournal.org/files/Mediations23_2_04.pdf~~

We are all equally reduced to mere specimens of human biology, mute and uncomprehending
AND
exploitation, how are we to envision the future of politics and society?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Uniqueness and internal link: Obama PC makes quick fiscal fix possible – that breaks apart past partisan gridlock to open the way for other issues like CIR

Daly 11/7 Biden: Dems ready to compromise on ’fiscal cliff’, MATTHEW DALY, Associated Press, http://www.wral.com/biden-dems-ready-to-compromise-on-fiscal-cliff-/11749905/

Vice President Joe Biden said Wednesday that he and President Barack Obama are anxious to
AND
are more willing to cooperate with Democrats than during the past two years.

Link – energy policy causes massive partisan gridlock

McEntee 12 Science, Politics and Public Opinion, Christine McEntee, Executive Director and CEO, American Geophysical Union, AUGUST 15, 2012, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php

As convenient as it would be to say that a single change could alleviate the
AND
energy disaster to get sufficient voter support for significant legislation on these issues.

Impact: comprehensive reform solves Mexican relations- that’s key to border security and stopping terrorism

Castaneda et al., NYU Politics and Latin American Studies professor, 2005
(Jorge, "NORTH AMERICAN COOPERATION ON THE BORDER", HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, 7-12, http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/hearings/109s/28131.txt-http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/hearings/109s/28131.txt,  )

I think that attitudes in Mexico have changed in relation to drugs and I think
AND
President Fox has made an effort to educate Mexican society about these issues.

Extinction

Mohamed Sid-Ahmed, Al-Ahram Weekly political analyst, ’04
~Al-Ahram Weekly, "Extinction%21" 8/26, no. 705,  http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm~~

What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack by terrorists? Even if it
AND
When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Text: The fifty states of America and all relevant localities and territories, should…

Counterplan solves the entirety of the case – the States have access to the same toolbox as the federal government

Wiener, Program Evaluation Analyst, and Koontz, Ohio State Associate Natural Resources Professor, 2010,
(Joshua and Tomas, "Shifting Winds: Explaining Variation in State Policies to Promote Small-Scale Wind Energy", Policy Studies Journal, November, Vol. 38, Iss. 4, PAS) Accessed on ProQuest 8-6-12 

Previous research has identified several common policy tools used by state governments to promote environmental
AND
of many renewable technologies that policymakers can support to fulfill the RPS obligations. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

60 different reactor designs

King et al 11 (Dr. Marcus, Research Analyst and Project Director – CNA Corporation’s Center for Naval Analyses, LaVar Huntzinger, and Thoi Nguyen, "Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations," CNA Analysis and Solutions, March, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military-http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military %20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf)

Status of SMR technologies and commercialization
According to two recent International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports, more than 60 SMRs with a diverse set of features and spanning the full gamut of technical readiness are being studied by various countries ~4, 5~. The systems are typically categorized by their primary coolant:
• Water - light and heavy
• Gas - carbon dioxide and helium
• Liquid metal - sodium, lead, and lead-bismuth
• Molten salt - with or without dissolved fuel.
Using the number of reactor-years of experience as a basis of technology maturity
AND
Models of the PRISM, MHR, and HPM designs are given in figure

There are several types of reactors – just based upon cooling processes – the Aff must specify which type for our fuel links.

Key to ground- never know what process
Over limits topic- allows any kind of fuel process
Fairness- never prepared for each fuel they can spike out of
Takes out access to our nuclear fuel disads
voter 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Adequate funding exists for environmental and security responsibilities but most hold the line on spending

EPA 2012
~"EPA’s FY 2013 Budget Proposal Focuses on Core Environmental and Human Health Protections / EPA budget supports President Obama’s vision of an America that is built to last" http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/D38E604EF465557A852579A3005F4630-http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/D38E604EF465557A852579A3005F4630~~ IK

WASHINGTON – Today the Obama Administration proposed a FY 2013 budget of %248.
AND
of this agency and ensured the protections the American people expect and deserve." 

Enforcement of energy regulations drains EPA resources and forces budget trade-offs

OECD 2000
~January 2000, OECD is an International organisation helping governments tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalised economy, "Voluntary approaches for Environmental Policy: An Assessment", http://books.google.com/books?id=rIoDuRBzf-0C%26pg=PA31%26lpg=PA31%26dq=.+As+a+result,+public+authorities+can+demonstrate+to+public+opinion+that+they+are+able+to+diligently+undertake%26source=bl%26ots=po8_xqiSKg%26sig=0NGGnZDAnR1lDhVacLwneW5Mf8o%26hl=en%26sa=X%26ei=VfoWUITzKMqe6wGHoIG4DQ%26ved=0CF4Q6AEwAA~%23v=onepage%26q=.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20public%20authorities%20can%20demonstrate%20to%20public%20opinion%20that%20they%20are%20able%20to%20diligently%20undertake%26f=false-http://books.google.com/books?id=rIoDuRBzf-0C%26pg=PA31%26lpg=PA31%26dq=.+As+a+result,+public+authorities+can+demonstrate+to+public+opinion+that+they+are+able+to+diligently+undertake%26source=bl%26ots=po8_xqiSKg%26sig=0NGGnZDAnR1lDhVacLwneW5Mf8o%26hl=en%26sa=X%26ei=VfoWUITzKMqe6wGHoIG4DQ%26ved=0CF4Q6AEwAA~ IK

Voluntary approaches may be attractive for the legislator (or the regulator) which pursues
AND
used for other tasks of the agency such as monitoring of other policies. 

Cuts come from water safety

Crow 2012
~Patrick Crow is a Washington Correspondent, "Congress Trims State Revolving Funds, EPA Budget, http://web.ebscohost.com.mutex.gmu.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=29%26hid=112%26sid=15b4a8da-9190-4985-a9a2-53ee277a3033%40sessionmgr104-http://web.ebscohost.com.mutex.gmu.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=29%26hid=112%26sid=15b4a8da-9190-4985-a9a2-53ee277a3033%40sessionmgr104~~ IK

The Senate and House of Representatives have approved spending bills that would cut the Clean
AND
initially had proposed a %241.5 billion spending cut for the agency 

Water supplies are a prime target for bioterror attack

Greenwire 2008
~"Cincinati pilot program looks to protect water from terrorists," http://www.eenews.net.proxy.lib.umich.edu/Greenwire/2008/05/27/archive/14?terms=EPA+security~~  IK

A U.S. EPA program would help water utilities get earlier warning of
AND
. Three other cities to be announced this year will receive similar grants. 

Extinction

Ochs 2002
~Richard, analyst for the chemical weapons working group, "Biological Weapons must be abolished immediately",  ,  http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html~~ IK

Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons, many
AND
Can we imagine hundreds of such plagues? HUMAN EXTINCTION IS NOW POSSIBLE.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The President of the United States should issue an executive order to…

Executive orders are the most effective way to implement policies

Mayer 1 (Kenneth, Professor of Political Science @ University of Wisconsin – Madison, With the Stroke of a Pen)

These chronicles of presidential decisiveness and unilateral action are at odds with the prevailing scholarly
AND
President’s lawmaking role is substantial, persistent, and in many cases disturbing."

Executive orders increase presidential power

Risen 4 (Clay, Managing editor of Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, M.A. from the University of Chicago "The Power of the Pen: The Not-So-Secret Weapon of Congress-wary Presidents" The American Prospect, July 16, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_power_of_the_pen-http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_power_of_the_pen)

In the modern era, executive orders have gone from being a tool largely reserved for internal White House operations -deciding how to format agency budgets or creating outlines for diplomatic protocol — to a powerful weapon in defining, and expanding, executive power. In turn, presidents have increasingly used that power to construct and promote social policies on some of the country’s most controversial issues, from civil rights to labor relations to reproductive health. 

Pres powers key to strong U.S Leadership

Mallaby 00 (Sebastian, Member, Washington Post’s Editorial Board, Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb)

Finally, some will object that the weakness of the presidency as an institution is
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on cultural forces that nobody can change, such as isolationism or multiculturalism. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A. Interpretation – crude oil is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture occurring naturally in the earth

USLegal.com, No Date Cited,
("Crude Oil Law %26 Legal Definition," http://definitions.uslegal.com/c/crude-oil-http://definitions.uslegal.com/c/crude-oil 

46 USCS § 2101 defines crude oil as "a liquid hydrocarbon mixture occurring naturally in the earth, whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation, and includes crude oil from which certain distillate fractions may have been removed, and crude oil to which certain distillate fractions may have been added."

B. Violation – algae is distinct from crude oil

US Fed News, 2011,
("PATRICK HATCHER, ELODIE SALMON APPLY FOR PATENT ON ALGAE-CRUDE TECHNOLOGY", 4-19, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 10-18-12

It has been shown in nature that high heat has converted algaenan into petroleum-
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resultant algae-crude more like the crude oil found in natural deposits.

C. Vote Negative

1. Limits – allowing for crude-oil like substances to be topical opens the floodgates for potential AFFS. Justifies random energy of the week AFFS that the negative could never be prepared for.

2. Ground – allowing for small energy affirmatives allows the negative to spike out all the best offense from changing patterns in the market. Most small AFFS can’t operate commercially, putting the negative behind.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Unique Link—Water resources stable now—greater production risks collapse.

DWT 12—Davis Wright Tremaine is a national business and litigation law firm. "Water and Energy: A Zero Sum Game?" May 29th, 2012, http://www.energyenvironmentallaw.com/2012/05/29/water-and-energy-a-zero-sum-game/Water and Energy: A Zero Sum Game?, Accessed date: 9-9-12 y2k

Energy production from almost all technologies depends on large volumes of water. Competition for
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of resolving regulatory problems. But that’s the subject of a future blog.

Link - Plan pollutes water 

Extinction

Voinov and Cardwell 9—Alexey is Fellow @ Institute for Water Resources, US Army Corps of Engineers. Hal Cardwell , International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). "The Energy-Water Nexus: Why Should We Care?" Journal of Contemporary Water Research %26 Education, Issue 143, pages 17-29, December 2009. http://www.uvm.edu/giee/publications/Voinov_Energy_2009.pdf-http://www.uvm.edu/giee/publications/Voinov_Energy_2009.pdf accessed date: 7-22-12 y2k

Water and energy are essential for human livelihood and the large-scale capture and
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changes in their values and prices, if the market is allowed to work