Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Will pass now – bipartisan progress being made

Shear, New York Times Staff Writer, 2-17, 2013,
(Michael D., "The White House Continues Working on Immigration Legislation of Its Own", New York Times, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 2-17-13 

WASHINGTON — The White House is working on early drafts of a comprehensive bill that
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other White House officials declined to comment on specific details of the report.

PC’s key to finalize immigration deal

Foley 1/15 (Elise Foley is a writer @ Huff Post Politics. "Obama Gears Up For Immigration Reform Push In Second Term," 1/15/2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/15/obama-immigration-reform_n_2463388.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/15/obama-immigration-reform_n_2463388.html date accessed: 2/1/13) TM

Obama has repeatedly said he will push hard for immigration reform in his second term
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-style arrangement jammed by leadership — while keeping the president heavily involved.

Link – energy policy causes massive partisan gridlock

McEntee 12 Science, Politics and Public Opinion, Christine McEntee, Executive Director and CEO, American Geophysical Union, AUGUST 15, 2012, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php

As convenient as it would be to say that a single change could alleviate the
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energy disaster to get sufficient voter support for significant legislation on these issues.

Comprehensive reform solves Mexican relations- that’s key to border security and stopping terrorism

Castaneda et al., NYU Politics and Latin American Studies professor, 2005
(Jorge, "NORTH AMERICAN COOPERATION ON THE BORDER", HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, 7-12, http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/hearings/109s/28131.txt-http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/hearings/109s/28131.txt)

I think that attitudes in Mexico have changed in relation to drugs and I think
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President Fox has made an effort to educate Mexican society about these issues.

Extinction

Mohamed Sid-Ahmed, Al-Ahram Weekly political analyst, ’04
~Al-Ahram Weekly, "Extinction%21" 8/26, no. 705,  http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm~~

What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack by terrorists? Even if it
AND
When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Oil prices high- developing countries, domestic supply, and international tensions 
Loris 2/22 Gas Prices: There Are Things the Government Can Do, Nicolas Loris, February 22, 2013, Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation’s Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, http://blog.heritage.org/2013/02/22/gas-prices-there-are-things-the-government-can-do/

Gas prices have been consistently climbing across the country, up 46 cents per gallon
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dollar means it takes more money to buy the same amount of oil.

Wind power expansion would shift natural gas and reduce oil demand

TGCO 10 Texas Gulf Coast Online, Wind Power Plan Could Solve Oil Crisis http://www.texasgulfcoastonline.com/News/tabid/86/ctl/ArticleView/mid/466/articleId/106/Wind-Power-Plan-Could-Solve-Oil-Crisis.aspx

If the United States takes advantage of the so-called "wind corridor,"
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are enormous - and the entire country will benefit from lower gas prices.

Producing states are on the brink- low prices cause state collapse and extinction

Hulbert 12 Matthew Hulbert, B.A. in history and politics from Durham University and an Mphil in international relations from Cambridge University, Senior Researcher at the Clingendael International Energy Programme (CIEP) in The Hague, The Netherlands. He studies political risk in upstream oil and gas markets, previously a Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich, leading its work on energy security and political risk. Before that, he worked in the City of London as Senior Energy Analyst at Datamonitor, and headed up the Global Issues Desk at Control Risks Group in London and Washington, D.C. "The political perils of low oil prices," July 9 2012, http://www.europeanenergyreview.eu/site/pagina.php?id=3796~~%23artikel_3796, Accessed 9/15/12, mcmc

Oil prices have rapidly dropped in recent months, and some analysts predict a further
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those squeamish about collateral damage. Corpses would litter the entire energy stage.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The United States Supreme Court should rule restrictions on   unconstitutional.

Courts can invalidate restrictions on energy production

Simon 7 Christopher A. Simon - Director, Master of Public Administration, Political Science Department, University of Utah, Professor, Political Science, "Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social Feasibility"

The institutional power of the federal courts regarding energy policy is not ex- plicit
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goals not inconsistent with national constitutional in- terpretation and national policy priorities.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The drive for renewable energy plays into the capitalist drive for profits – planetary catastrophe is inevitable under capitalism

Principia Dialectica 2009 Principia Dialectica, "Capitalism Isn’t Addicted to Oil - but Profits," September 30, 2009, http://www.principiadialectica.co.uk/blog/?p=564-http://www.principiadialectica.co.uk/blog/?p=564, mcmc

In 2008, the companies making the largest worldwide profits were all oil companies (
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which already exist, and will continue to arise, whilst capitalism persists. 

Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
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abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

Thus our alternative is a commitment to the Communist Hypothesis.  Every ethical decision should be infused with all of the significance of humanity’s destiny.

Alain Badiou, former Chair of Philosophy at École normale supérieure, 2008.  ~The Meaning of Sarkozy, pp. 97-103~ 

I would like to situate the Sarkozy episode, which is not an impressive page
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the moment at which we find ourselves in the history of this hypothesis.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Solvency

Won’t solve – no infrastructure and intermittency

Forbes 11 ~Larry Bell, "Wind Energy’s Overblown Prospects", 3-8-11, http://www.forbes.com/sites/larrybell/2011/03/08/wind-energys-overblown-prospects/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/larrybell/2011/03/08/wind-energys-overblown-prospects/ accessed 9-26-12~cd

The report, drawn up by its national laboratories said that meeting this target presumed
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average generation during off-peak time averages about 40% of capacity.

Hurricanes prevent offshore wind farms

Rice 12 (Doyle Rice, USA TODAY  "Hurricanes pose risk to wind farms; High winds could damage turbines" February 14, 2012, lexis nexis, date accessed: 2/14/13) TM

When an oncoming hurricane curves offshore — as most do — we usually breathe a
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-risk areas and boosting the abilities of turbines to withstand higher winds.

Japan wind production high now because of low offshore wind everywhere else

PR News 1/23
~Frost %26 Sullivan: Wind Energy Market Set to Boom in Japan as Doubts over Nuclear Power Remains, KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia, Jan. 23, 2013 /PRNewswire/ http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/frost—sullivan-wind-energy-market-set-to-boom-in-japan-as-doubts-over-nuclear-power-remains-188005231.html~jap
The wind energy industry, one of the key growth engines amongst renewable energy technologies
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construction companies but also global wind turbine manufacturers to re-enter Japan.

Turns case – only Japan leadership in offshore wind provides the research necessary for global commercialization

Garrad 1/22
~Andrew Garrad is chairman of GL Garrad Hassan, the global renewables consultancy and the most profitable wind program investor, This is Japan’s chance to shape the future of wind energy, http://www.gl-garradhassan.com/assets/technical/ This_is_Japans_Chance_to_Shape_the_Future_of_Wind_Energy.pdf?utm_source=Japans%2BChance%26utm_medium=article%26utm_content=website-techpapers%26utm_campaign=technical%2Bpapers~jap

Offshore wind farms today consist of standard turbines and towers,
connected to separately designed
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its flair again. History shows that we can expect to be amazed.

Protectionism

There’s no warrant why the jones act derails any Free Trade initiatives –
1 - Fueling protectionism is distinct from precluding free trade
2 – The Jones Act has been around
3 – We had the South Korea FTA pass last year and the US/EU FTA coming up – The burden is on them to prove why the jones act precludes these

Free Trade Bad -

1. Small arms
   A. Free trade leads to small arms prolif
   Arms Control Association, February 2001
   http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_01-02/lumpejanfeb01.asp-http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_01-02/lumpejanfeb01.asp

Several trends gave prominence to the issue of gunrunning in the past decade. Newly
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more on the tools of violence and on the markets that supply them.

B. Small arms prolif is nuclear war
Arms Control Association, February 2001
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_01-02/lumpejanfeb01.asp-http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_01-02/lumpejanfeb01.asp

Small arms individually are not massively deadly, as are nuclear or other "special
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every two people killed in war in that decade being a civilian.2

2 - Disease-
A. Free trade encourages the spread of infectious diseases
Satin, No Date Given
(Morton, Chief of Agro-Industries and the Post-Harvest Management Service, "FOOD QUALITY AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE", Written after 1996, http://www.fao.org/ag/ags/Agsi/gtz_html.htm)

Beside others the globalization of our food supply equally contributes to the of emerging disease
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development, from the standpoint of public health it can be very costly.

B. Failure to address emerging diseases risks extinction
Kavita Daswani January 4, 1996 "Leading the way to a cure for AIDS" South China Morning Post (Hong Kong SECTION: Pg. 15

There is a much more pressing medical crisis at hand - one he believes the
AND
large scale and imperil the survival of the human race," he said.

Economic decline doesn’t cause war

Miller 00 (Morris, Economist, Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Administration – University of Ottawa, Former Executive Director and Senior Economist – World Bank, "Poverty as a Cause of Wars?", Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Winter, p. 273)

The question may be reformulated. Do wars spring from a popular reaction to a
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by increasing repression (thereby using one form of violence to abort another).

— No chance of European war

Asmus 3 (Ronald, Senior Fellow – German Marshall Fund, Foreign Affairs, September / October, Lexis)

Several factors make the recent collapse in transatlantic cooperation surprising. The crisis came on
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in locking in a post-Cold War peace over the last decade.

Heg is resilient

Wohlforth 7 (William, Professor of Government – Dartmouth College, "Unipolar Stability", Harvard International Review, Spring, http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/1611/3/)

US military forces are stretched thin, its budget and trade deficits are high,
AND
its self-inflicted overstretch and tap potentially large wellsprings of latent power. 

Heg doesn’t deter war

Layne 97 (Christopher, Visiting Professor – Naval Postgraduate School, From Preponderance to Offshore Balancing)

Two critical objections could be lodged against an offshore balancing grand strategy: an offshore
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fact minimize the risk of U.S. involvement in future wars.

US/EU Relations resilient

Moravcsik 3 (Andrew, Professor of Government and Director of the European Union Program – Harvard University, July/August, Foreign Affairs, Lexis)

Transatlantic optimists are also right when they argue that the recent shifts need not lead
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worry about radical Islamism, and fear terrorism and the proliferation of WMD.

No impact to US/EU relations

Daalder 3 (Ivo H., Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies – Brookings Institution, Survival, 45(2), Summer, p. 147)

The main consequence of these changes in US and European policy priorities is to make
AND
East – is one where Europeans will increasingly have to take the lead. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The aff should defend a topical plan. All advantages should be causal results of the plan.

Prefer our interpretation:

Grammar-

a. Federal Government refers to the national government.

Hartley ’96  (John, "American Civics", p. 39, Google Print)

The term federal government refers to the national government, which is centered in Washington, D.C.

b. Resolved means to enact by law

Words and Phrases ’64  (Permanent Edition)

Definition ofthe word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ’it was resolved by the legislature;" It is of similar force to the word "enact," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law".

They make debate Impossible –

a. Ground- the federal government only stable basis for negground. If they aren’t tied to defending it then it’s unlikely we will have applicable research.

b. Limits- they allow any individual ideology, theory or cause to become an aff, which negates our ability to effectively research the aff.

c. Extra T- The aff claims advantages that are unrelated to instrumental implementation, proves the resolution insufficient.

They hijack Education – Predictability is the basis of neg strategy, which is key to clash. The impact is rigorous testing of policies, which is the only way to truly understand the world and is key to value to life.

Zappen ’4  (James, Prof. Language and Literature – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, "The Rebirth of Dialogue: Bakhtin, Socrates, and the Rhetorical Tradition", p. 35-36)

Finally, Bakhtin describes the Socratic dialogue as a carnivalesque debate between opposing points of
AND
in Soocrates’ successive refutations and humiliations of Gorgias, Polus, and Callicles. 

Switch-side debate creates tolerance for alternative viewpoints, which prevents moral dogmatism.

Muir ’93 (Star, Prof. Comm. – George Mason U., Philosophy and Rhetoric, "A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate", 26(4), pp. 288-290)

Values clarification, Stewart is correct in pointing out, does not mean that no
AND
thinking, and in turn for the development of a reasoned moral identity. 

They create a political vacuum that cements the status quo

Cook ’92 (Anthony, Associate Professor – Georgetown Law, New England Law Review, Spring, 26 New Eng.L. Rev. 751, Lexis)

The effect of deconstructing the power of the author to impose a fixed meaning on
AND
those who influence us through their eloquence, prestige, wealth and power.

It’s a prior question. Without agreement on the subject debate is impossible.

Shively ’00 (Ruth Lessl, Former Assistant Prof. Pol. Sci. – Texas A%26M, in "Political Theory and Partisan Politics", Ed. Portis, Gundersen and Shively, pp. 181-182)

The requirements given thus far are primarily negative. The ambiguists must say "no
AND
. In other words, contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The aff depictions of capitalism are totalizing. This discourse erases the complexity of the economy eliminating the multiple identities that are present in today’s economy. Vote neg to endorse a shift in the local ethical subject.

Gibson-Graham 1 (Julie Graham and Katherine Gibson, feminist economic geographers, "An Ethics of the Local" in Rethinking Marxism, May 2001)

I want to turn now to thinking about how we as local subjects might cultivate
AND
way of organizing our narrative of local resubjectivation in the Latrobe and Pioneer Valleys

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Not challenging the human/animal opposition propagates speciesism – we need to abandon human-centric framework.

Bell and Russell 2K (Anne C. by graduate students in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University and Constance L. a graduate student at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3-bell.pdf)//

For this reason, the various movements against oppression need to be aware of and
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Russell, Bell, %26 Fawcett, 2000), anthropocentrism passes unchallenged. 1

Speciesist discourse creates the radical othering of non-human animals reducing them to bare life.

Catlaw 2012 Thomas J. Catlaw is associate professor of public affairs at  the School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University. Regarding the Animal On Biopolitics and the Limits of Humanism in Public Administration http://mesharpe.metapress.com/media/3pvxjjyxmn7wwcxwhkdr/contributions/v/3/2/8/v32838063kujg256.pdf-http://mesharpe.metapress.com/media/3pvxjjyxmn7wwcxwhkdr/contributions/v/3/2/8/v32838063kujg256.pdf

Speciesism, commodification, and its consequences are the manifestation of the practice of radical
AND
book, we love, hate, and eat (Herzog, 2010).

Bare life leads to unending violence and genocide against those deemed not politically worthy.

KOCHI %26 ORDAN 2K8 (Tarik Kochi is a professor at Queen’s University. Noam Ordan is a professor at Bar llan University)  "an argument for the global suicide of humanity", vol 7. no. 4., bourderlands e-journal http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf-http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf

Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered
AND
"an eternal Treblinka" (Singer, 1968, p.750).

Thus the Alternative: Vote negative to reject the ethical exceptionalism of the 1AC.

Rejecting the affirmative opens up the understanding of the species-being, allowing us to move beyond the religion of humanism.

HUDSON 2K4 ~Laura, The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life, mediations journal, http://www.mediationsjournal.org/files/Mediations23_2_04.pdf~~

We are all equally reduced to mere specimens of human biology, mute and uncomprehending
AND
exploitation, how are we to envision the future of politics and society?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Next – K

There is a Consensus of international organizations – Disease, Poverty, and War are all decreasing due to the current economic system

Lean 8 ~Writer for the independent study– Basing findings on UN findings , And Owen , Writer for the independent study , 7-13-’8 ( Geoffrey and Jonathon , "We’ve seen the future... and we may not be doomed; IoS investigation: The world view; UN report finds life is getting better for people worldwide - but that governments are failing to grasp the opportunities offered at ’a unique time", P.Nexis)~

So says a massive new international report, due to be published late this month
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in the political process and changing institutions, policy-making and governance. 

The alternative is doomed to fail with no functioning alternative and the market being inevitable

Klimin 4, Professor of economics at Pace University , ’4 (Andrew , "Alternatives to Capitalism: What Happens After the Revolution?", http://akliman.squarespace.com/writings/-http://akliman.squarespace.com/writings/)

I.  Concretizing the Vision of a New Human Society We live at a moment
AND
will really count as equal – beginning on the day after the revolution. 

Lack of cap leads to transition wars

Harris, fellow Hoover Institution, 2003
(Lee, "The Intellectual Origins of America-Bashing", http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458371.html,)

This is the immiserization thesis of Marx. And it is central to revolutionary Marxism
AND
the social order and all socialist schemes would be reduced to pipe dreams.

Capitalism is ethical – Provides means to better lives

Saunders 7 – fellow, Center for Independent Studies (Peter, Why Capitalism is Good for the Soul,¶ http://www.cis.org.au/POLICY/summer%2007-08/saunders_summer07.html-http://www.cis.org.au/POLICY/summer 07-08/saunders_summer07.html)

What Clive Hamilton airily dismisses as a ’growth fetish’ has resulted in one hour
AND
up your own think tank and sell books urging others to drop out).

Capitalism isn’t the root cause of all problems.  Marxism’s monolithic representation of the proletariat ignores oppression of gender, race, age and sexual orientation.

West 93 (Dr. Cornel West is an American philosopher-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher, author-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Author, critic-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critic, pastor-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastor, actor-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor, and civil rights activist-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_activist. West currently serves as the Class of 1943 University Professor at Princeton University-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University, where he teaches in the Center for African American Studies-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_Studies and in the department of Religion,  "The Indispensability Yet Insufficiency of Marxist Theory," "The Cornel West Reader," p. 224)

Corredor: Another approach to Marxism that I found very refreshing in your works was
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movement. But, my God, the struggle against patriarchy predates 1789. 

THEIR CRITIQUE PROPS UP THE OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF CAPITALISM - IT CLAIMS TO DISCOVER TRUTH AND MEANING, DISTRACTING FROM THEIR OWN METHODOLOGICAL ACCQUIESCENCE TO THE MODEL OF PRODUCTION ITSELF.

Rufo 07 Ken Rufo, "Guest Lecture, 2007 http://theoryandacademy.blogspot.com/2007/10/guest-lecture-ken-rufo-on-baudrillard.html-http://theoryandacademy.blogspot.com/2007/10/guest-lecture-ken-rufo-on-baudrillard.html

I’ll get back to the media and technology side of this equation in a second
AND
he argues; ambivalence, on the other hand, can be revolutionary.

Economics is the only explanation of human behavior—it best explains relationships and opposes state control

Rockwell 08 (Rockwell Jr., president of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, 5/19/2008, Llewellyn, "Everything You Love You Owe to Capitalism," http://mises.org/story/2982-http://mises.org/story/2982)

Not even an event as spectacular as the spontaneous meltdown of a superpower and all
AND
Otherwise, the state can continue to spread its malicious and destructive policies.

Rejecting capitalism causes war, environmental destruction, and loss of value to life.

Carden 4 (graduate student in economics at Washington University in St. Louis, Art, June, The Free Market, The Mises Institute Monthly, "Mistaken Identity," vol. 24, no. 6, www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=497%26sortorder=articledate-http://www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=497%26sortorder=articledate)

It is always the fashion among many intellectuals to blame society’s ills on the free
AND
, the market works. And we can take that to the bank. 

Capitalism solves war

Griswold, director of the Cato Institute Center for Trade Policy Studies, 2005
(Daniel, "Peace on Earth? Try Free Trade among  Men", 12-28, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=5344-http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=5344, )

As one little-noticed headline on an Associated Press story recently reported, "
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acquire them peacefully by trading away what they can produce best at home. 

Cap key to space colonization.

Becerra,2k
(Robert, "The Ultimate Real Estate Deal", 4-4-2000, http://www.space.com/opinionscolumns/opinions/becerra_000405.html-http://www.space.com/opinionscolumns/opinions/becerra_000405.html,

What then will be the engine of growth and advancement that will jump-start
AND
have expended their money, ingenuity and, perhaps, lives to reach. 

extinction

Gangale 2007
(Thomas- aerospace engineer, former Air Force officer and executive director at OPS-Alaska, "A Progressive Vision of Human Space Exploration—Important to California, a Leader in Aerospace and High Tech", 12-4, https://www.californiaprogressreport.com/site/?q=node/3422-https://www.californiaprogressreport.com/site/?q=node/3422,)

Developing a spacefaring culture is a matter of survival, not just to gain the
AND
is questionable, the case for keeping the Great Machine running is obvious. 

Anti-capitalist movements fail

Isbister 1 ~John Isbister, Professor Economics, U. Cal @ Santa Cruz, 2001, Capitalism and Justice, p. 46~

Some in the capitalist world try to retain or re-create the best parts
AND
societies, we cannot return to them.  The door has been closed.

No alts to cap

Speth 8 ~James, American environmental lawyer – ex-dean of Yale school of forestry and environmentalism, The bridge at the end of the world, 188-9~

Of course, the big problem facing all discussions of alternatives to capitalism is that
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in directing the economy and where the state tends to dominate the market.