Tournament: SFSU Golden Gate Opener | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1AC:  Observation One: The S.Q.

Wind power has become fragile, yet ripe on Native American lands within the U.S.

Garry et al 9 (Patrick M, Assistant Professor of Law, University of South Dakota School of Law, Ph.D., J.D., University of Minnesota, “WIND ENERGY IN INDIAN COUNTRY: A STUDY OF THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FACING SOUTH DAKOTA TRIBES”, South Dakota Law Review, lexis, og)

The current political field has made Wind Power an all or nothing, but a compromise is possible

Baum and Crawford 2012 (Caroline and Susan, Journalists for Bloomberg Businessweek; “Bloomberg View: A Campaign Compromise on Wind Power”, August 23, 2012, from http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-08-23/bloomberg-view-a-campaign-compromise-on-wind-power?track=sticky)

Observation Two: Plan

The United States Federal Government should amend both the Internal Revenue Code and the Indian Tribal Energy Development and Self-Determination Act to include provisions for tribal renewable-energy tax-credit transferability for a period of four years and declare that tribes maintain sovereign authority to implement tribal regulations and taxes over all energy related activities conducted within reservation borders permanently.

Observation Three: Solvency

Tradable tax credits are key – attracts investors and maintains tribal control

Sullivan 10 (Bethany C., J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, “CHANGING WINDS: RECONFIGURING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR RENEWABLE-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY”, 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823, Lexis, og)

Plan provides a financial incentive for increased tribal energy production

Shahinian 8 (Mark, J.D. and M.S. in Environment and Natural Resources from University of Michigan, “SPECIAL FEATURE: THE TAX MAN COMETH NOT: HOW THE NON-TRANSFERABILITY OF TAX CREDITS HARMS INDIAN TRIBES”, 32 Am. Indian L. Rev. 267, Lexis, og)

Tax credits levels the playing field for tribes, attracts investors and maintains sovereignty

Sullivan 10 (Bethany C., J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, “CHANGING WINDS: RECONFIGURING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR RENEWABLE-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY”, 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823, Lexis, og)

Advantage One: Tribal Sovereignty

Tribal wind development increases tribal sovereignty – control over resources, and economic self-determination

Shahinian 8 (Mark, J.D. and M.S. in Environment and Natural Resources from University of Michigan, “SPECIAL FEATURE: THE TAX MAN COMETH NOT: HOW THE NON-TRANSFERABILITY OF TAX CREDITS HARMS INDIAN TRIBES”, 32 Am. Indian L. Rev. 267, Lexis, og)

Sovereignty is key to Native American survival and reconciles colonial violence

Krakoff 6 (Sarah, Professor of Law, University of Colorado Law School, “The Vices and Virtues of Sovereignty”, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1265806, Acc: 7/18/12, og)

Native sovereignty and survival is key to human survival and is a moral side constraint

Suagee 93 (Dean B., member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, J.D. – University of North Carolina Law, LLM – American University, University of Michigan, “Indigenous Rights and Responsibilities for the Natural World”, http:~/~/www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/v2i3/htm(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %), Acc: 7/26/12, og)

Native Survival is key to Cultural Diversity and Biodiversity

Friedberg, Staff writer for American Indian Quarterly, 2000

Lilian, “Dare to Compare,” American Indian Quarterly, Summer 2000, Vol. 24, Issue 3

Tournament: ALL | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
If you have any questions or problems, contact Pritpal Randhawa at pritpal40@mail.fresnostate.edu

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Texas-ChMa | Judge: Izak Dunn

Policy focus is key to challenge structures of white supremacy

Themba-Nixon 00, Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy

Makani, July 31, Colorlines, Changing the Rules:  What Public Policy Means for Organizing, Vol 3.2)

The Perm Solves- overstating the effect of race ensures solidifies racial identities- ensures the alt doesn’t solve

Jane Carey (Postcolonialism Researcher, Monach U), Leigh Boucher (School of Modern History and PLS, Marquarie U), and Katherine Ellinghaus (School of Hist Studies, Monach U), Re-Orienting Whiteness (B) 2009

Their understanding of whiteness leaves whites with one option – insurgency and repudiation. This is bound to fail—liberal actions creates a representation of “whiteness” that faciliates rearticulating a positive, and anti-racist white racial formation.

Howard Winant Sociology @ UCSB ’97 Behind Blue Eyes: Contemporary White Racial Politics http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/whitness.html

Perm Solves – Totalizing Bad

Their totalizing link args prove too much and link to their own K of universalizing

Sexton 11 (Jared, UC-Irvine Philosophy, http://www.culturalstudiesassociation.org/lateral/issue1/sexton.html)

Only the perm solves – Critical to the tension necessary to elucidate the contradiction in liberalism  and modernity – Straightforward rejection replicates logic, reason, and universalism they K 

Clough 11 (Patricia, Queens College-Phil, http://www.culturalstudiesassociation.org/lateral/issue1/clough.html)

Wilderson overemphasizes purity

Graham 9 (Shane, Utah St-Phil, Safundi: The Journal of South African and American Studies, 10(4), p. 479-494)

Rights over Land and Resources are KEY to Indigenous Peoples

Suagee, member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, 93 (Dean B., , J.D. – University of North Carolina Law, LLM – American University, University of Michigan, “Indigenous Rights and Responsibilities for the Natural World”, http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/v2i3/suagee23.htm, Acc: 7/26/12, og)

International Protection for Indigenous Peoples emphasizes the need for tribal authority and control over their own land and resources.  It is a cornerstone of sovereignty and mutual existence.

Suagee, member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, 93 (Dean B., , J.D. – University of North Carolina Law, LLM – American University, University of Michigan, “Indigenous Rights and Responsibilities for the Natural World”, http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/v2i3/suagee23.htm, Acc: 7/26/12, og)

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Texas-ChMA | Judge: Izak Dunn

1AC:  Observation One: Filling the Sails

NOW IS THE KEY TIME and their Politics DA makes no sense.  We have to start talking about energy policy on Wind.  Obama has fully committed to wind and it’s time to make long-term policy. 

Des Moines (pronounced Dee Moyn)  Register, August 2012.   (Wind credit likely to stay

Obama promotes its extension; Iowa delegation cautiously optimistic, accsed 8/17/2012, 12:46 AM, Aug 15, 2012, http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20120815/NEWS09/308150077/1001/NEWS/?odyssey=nav%7Chead)

One major element of our wind policy involves restrictions on native territories and the lack of incentives compared to those granted to other wind developers.  The exclusion of tribal land from support for wind power is a gaping hole in our clean energy future.

Gough, Secretary of the Intertribal Council On Utility Policy, Testimony before Energy and Minerals Sub-Committee, ‘7 (Robert, http://www.intertribalcoup.org/pdfs/Gough%20testimony%20Energy%20and%20Minerals%20SubCommittee.pdf, Acc: 7/23/12, og)

Thus, we present the plan…

Plan

The United States Federal Government should implement provisions for tribal renewable-energy tax-credit transferability for a period of four years and declare that tribes maintain sovereign authority to implement tribal regulations and taxes over all energy related activities conducted within reservation territory.

Advantage: Tribal Sovereignty over Energy

Tribal wind development increases tribal sovereignty – control over resources, and economic self-determination

Shahinian 8 (Mark, J.D. and M.S. in Environment and Natural Resources from University of Michigan, “SPECIAL FEATURE: THE TAX MAN COMETH NOT: HOW THE NON-TRANSFERABILITY OF TAX CREDITS HARMS INDIAN TRIBES”, 32 Am. Indian L. Rev. 267, Lexis, og)

We cannot just say that tribal lands are outside of the United States.  Indeed, Native Americans must be seen as a valuable part of American culture, but the USFG can step back to ensure tribal sovereignty over lands, resources, and government.  This is the single most powerful step we can take. 

 Suagee, member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, 93 (Dean B., , J.D. – University of North Carolina Law, LLM – American University, University of Michigan, “Indigenous Rights and Responsibilities for the Natural World”, http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/v2i3/suagee23.htm, Acc: 7/26/12, og)

The principle of sovereignty has already been recognized repeatedly, taking out the uniqueness to their arguments, but we cannot rely on Court Action alone and the Federal Government must defend a type of sovereignty that allows partnerships and collaboration. 

Mohegan Tribe Press, ’08 (http:~/~/www.mohegan.nsn.us/docs/MoheganWay/MoheganWay_pdf, acsd 10-10-12)

Sovereignty is key to Native American survival and is the only chance to reconcile colonial violence without abandoning all responsibility.

Krakoff 6 (Sarah, Professor of Law, University of Colorado Law School, “The Vices and Virtues of Sovereignty”, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1265806, Acc: 7/18/12, og)

Native Survival is key to Our Collective Survival and the Future of Humanity.  This is the ultimate impact because native sovereignty is the cornerstone of an interlocking ecosystem and a structure upholding all of human life.

Lilian Friedberg, 2000 (Staff writer for American Indian Quarterly, 2000 Lilian, “Dare to Compare,” American Indian Quarterly, Summer 2000, Vol. 24, Issue 3)

Observation Two: Solvency

Wind power has become fragile, yet ripe on Native American lands within the U.S.  Extending the PTC to tribal groups makes the difference.

Garry et al 9 (Patrick M, Assistant Professor of Law, University of South Dakota School of Law, Ph.D., J.D., University of Minnesota, “WIND ENERGY IN INDIAN COUNTRY: A STUDY OF THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FACING SOUTH DAKOTA TRIBES”, South Dakota Law Review, lexis, og)

The most recent and qualified evidence supports the feasibility and effects of wind energy.

Wiser, announcing a new study, October 2012 (10-2-12, “EMP New Study Finds Positive Impact of U.S. Wind Power Projects on County-Level Income and Employment,” Ryan, email announcement)

The current political field has made Wind Power an all or nothing, but a compromise is possible.
 
Baum and Crawford 2012 (Caroline and Susan, Journalists for Bloomberg Businessweek; “Bloomberg View: A Campaign Compromise on Wind Power”, August 23, 2012, from http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-08-23/bloomberg-view-a-campaign-compromise-on-wind-power?track=sticky)
  

We solve for energy production in the United States.  Tax credits levels the playing field for tribes, attract investors and maintain sovereignty

Sullivan 10 (Bethany C., J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, “CHANGING WINDS: RECONFIGURING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR RENEWABLE-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY”, 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823, Lexis, og)

Tournament: USC | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention One: Rethink Energy.

We must rethink our relation to energy and the grid that produces it

There is a central question stemming from the Resolution.  

How can we be so narrow-minded about energy production and how we generate the energy we need, when at the same time we utilize an electricity grid and a transportation network that goes unquestioned in terms of its structure, importance, and total contribution to all of our daily lives? 

Absent a crisis like Hurricane Sandy where our power supply is disrupted, we usually take electricity for granted.   At best, it’s a utility bill we reflect on and a question of conservation—using less where we can—but many of us are not regularly reflecting on the aging nature of the power grid, the overall efficiency of the grid, or the various sources of power that are combined to supply the demand imposed on the grid by human consumption.  

Those connections and relations represent more than simply “power as a physical thing that runs our machines,” for they also describe our social network of norms that act through biopower.   In other words, the “grid” we all inhabit, both physically and mentally, is at the core of the resolution and compels a substantial reduction in current limitations on energy production here in the U.S.  We must release ourselves from the grids we subject ourselves to by participating in discourse about energy sources, power, and the available contributions to the supply of the grid specified in the topic. 

It is our intervention in this particular debate that constitutes a shock in the biopolitical norms that generate and sustain certain subjectivities ensnared by “gridded life” alongside the actual national infrastructure built on certain primary sources of power fueling the massive production and consumption of energy in the United States.

More directly, rolling blackouts and power outages are forcing us to rethink our relationship to energy as well as the grid that produces it. 

Todd and Wood, ‘06 (Ann Marie, Doctorate in Philosophy, Masters in Communication Studies from USC, Professor at San Jose State,  Andrew Wood is a professor of Communication Studies at San José State University. “Flex Your Power:” Energy Crises and the Shifting Rhetoric of the Grid”, ATLANTIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, 14(4), 211–228)

On August 14, 2003, the..... produces it. 

Hurricane Sandy has forced another tragic site of struggle over power and our direct relationship to energy resources.

The Chicago Tribune reported this month (http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-sandy-cleanup-20121101,0,3389292.story, Nov 1, acsd nov 1)

NEW YORK, SEASIDE HEIGHTS, NJ—
Rescuers......and flooding.

We should not require these reminders.  It’s time to Rethink the Grid. The Grid is not a mathematical ordering of disparate points into a coherent system; rather it is a socially constructed system of social ordering and classification that favors individuals who are constrained and think and act within a tightly structured system. 

Todd and Wood, ‘06 (Ann Marie, Doctorate in Philosophy, Masters in Communication Studies from USC, Professor at San Jose State,  Andrew Wood is a professor of Communication Studies at San José State University. “Flex Your Power:” Energy Crises and the Shifting Rhetoric of the Grid”, ATLANTIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, 14(4), 211–228)

Initially, we might be ...... modernist experience. (p. 88)

Contention 2: Explore the Rhetoric of the Grid

We concur with a Foucauldian reading of power distribution as a discursive practice in our evaluation of the rhetoric of the grid. Discourse is not inexhaustible or preserved indefinitely. Power discourse surrounding the relationship between humans and nature is constructed! Challenge the Grid! 

Todd and Wood, ‘06 (Ann Marie, Doctorate in Philosophy, Masters in Communication Studies from USC, Professor at San Jose State,  Andrew Wood is a professor of Communication Studies at San José State University. “Flex Your Power:” Energy Crises and the Shifting Rhetoric of the Grid”, ATLANTIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, 14(4), 211–228)

Despite its ...... and challenges. 

The grid’s normalizing authority is the instantiation of control and oppressive forms of governmentality.  The implications could not be bigger and this is the way we will outweigh all their arguments.

This type of governmentality—THE SAME TYPE THAT WILL ANIMATE THEIR 1NC ARGUMENTS—is the logic of exclusion, the authorization of extermination.

Mitchell Dean 01, Professor, Sociology, Macquarie University, STATES OF IMAGINATION: ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPLORATIONS OF THE POSTCOLONIAL STATE, ed. T.B. Hansen and F. Stepputat, 2001, p. 53-54.

Consider again ....massacres become vital.

Contention Three: The Path Forward.  We Can light the Way outside the Current Oppression of the Grid.

Reorganize society on ecological lines—it’s a much better organic relationship than the grid and it’s the only way to overcome biopower’s dominating tendencies and solve extinction.

Bookchin 93-Director Emeritus @ the Institute for Social Ecology Murray, Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology, “What is Social Ecology?” 1993, http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bookchin/socecol.html, DKP

The step-by-step ....know it to certain destruction.

Rhetorical disengagement and thinking about solutions outside the grid is a genuine form of advocacy—it can bring people together and build upon micropolitical acts that lead to broad, sweeping, change. 

Bookchin 87-Director Emeritus @ the Institute for Social Ecology Murray, From Urbanization to Cities, “Libertarian Municipalism: The New Municipal Agenda,” 1987, http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bookchin/libmuni.html, DKP Note-ellipses in original article, no text deleted 

By contrast, political ..... the neighborhood. . . .

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Gerogetown CV | Judge: Izak Dunn
2AC: Overview

Extend our Todd and Woods evidence, we are winning the premise of the affirmative.

1. We have to assess the grid and our relationship to power.

2. That power is simultaneously in us, for us, about us, produced and consumed.

3. We are the most topical way to reduce restrictions on energy production of any specified power source, the connection between our thought process and energy production is simultaneous.  In other words, we have to rethink the grid to approach the resolution in a meaningful way.

2AC: Framework 

1. Our interpretation is that we must start from our own standpoint as debaters, scholars, intellectuals, and relate our advocacy to a topic outlining actions by the United States Federal Government.  We can privilege critical pedagogy and resolutional advocacy without relying on traditional notions of fiat.

A) Critical Pedagogy is our starting point and still allows a direct connection to the topic.

B) Critical Pedagogy Comes First.

Douglas Kellner, 2000 ( "Multiple Literacies and Critical Pedagogies" in Revolutionary Pedagogies - Cultural Politics, Instituting Education, and the Discourse of Theory, Peter Pericles Trifonas, Editor, Routledge, 2000).

Critical pedagogy . . . signals ..... active individuals. 

2. TURN:  Our method comes first and we outweight their framework  

A) It is imperative that we begin to think outside the grid for any conception on energy production.  Their argument prevents this.   

B) TURN:  Their focus on the state ignores the spiraling collapse of state-centrism in the area of energy.  Rethinking the grid is best compromise between abandoning the state and working through its crisis. We do not Cede the Political!

Todd and Wood, ‘06 (Ann Marie, Doctorate in Philosophy, Masters in Communication Studies from USC, Professor at San Jose State,  Andrew Wood is a professor of Communication Studies at San José State University. “Flex Your Power:” Energy Crises and the Shifting Rhetoric of the Grid”, ATLANTIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, 14(4), 211–228)

The education.... beyond its control.

3. WE ARE THE GRID.  This is a counter-interpretation and a “we meet” argument.

A) Our rhetoric is our advocacy.  The rhetoric is of the grid—that’s electricity production through all the fuel sources listed except for maybe oil.  We massively reduce restrictions.

Todd and Wood, ‘06 (Ann Marie, Doctorate in Philosophy, Masters in Communication Studies from USC, Professor at San Jose State,  Andrew Wood is a professor of Communication Studies at San José State University. “Flex Your Power:” Energy Crises and the Shifting Rhetoric of the Grid”, ATLANTIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, 14(4), 211–228)

The rhetoric of... prevent further power crises. 

B). This means we meet through our discussion of federal energy policy and not what we imagine that the government will do.

C). We meet the topic—moving away from efficiency of the grid is a substantial reduction in restrictions.  Our advocacy statement is the essence of topical.  Local power gives substantially meaning and uniquely centers on energy production in the U.S.

Lamble, JD Chicago-Kent College of Law, ’11 (Bryan, Chicago-Kent Law Review, 86 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 193, SYMPOSIUM ON ENERGY LAW: ARTICLE: OF NESTING DOLLS AND TROJAN HORSES: A SURVEY OF LEGAL AND POLICY ISSUES ATTENDANT TO VEHICLE-TO-GRID BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES ). 

First, the.... distribution lines altogether. n47

4.  DEFENSE.  Fiat is not necessary to discuss the USFG.  Our advocacy text provides all the USFG ground they need.  The meaning of the “resolved, colon” comes first.

5. They overlimit so you should throw out their violation.  They are just trying to exclude us and the implications of their argument is that no case would be topical or that you have to use fiat to be topical.  Reject both implications.

6.  No voting issue—there is no limiting function or thing they cannot predict we are running.  They have no educational value to their argument so critical pedagogy outweighs.

A) Our dissent turn turns all of their offense to switch side debate—the Aff’s normative rules destroy creativity . Our criticism helps spur creative thought in multiple perspectives. 

Feinberg and Nemeth 08 Matthew Feinberg and Charlan J. Nemeth Department of Psychology University of California, Berkeley Institute for Research on Labor and Employment The “Rules” of Brainstorming: An Impediment to Creativity? http://www.irle.berkeley.edu/workingpapers/167-08.pdf

In contrast ... would have gone undetected (Nemeth, 1995).

2AC:  Link Turn - We are the grid.  This is energy production.

Todd and Wood, ‘06 (Ann Marie, Doctorate in Philosophy, Masters in Communication Studies from USC, Professor at San Jose State,  Andrew Wood is a professor of Communication Studies at San José State University. “Flex Your Power:” Energy Crises and the Shifting Rhetoric of the Grid”, ATLANTIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, 14(4), 211–228)

The rhetoric of the .... beyond its control.