Varghese-Krause Aff

Plan:
The United States Federal Government should substantially increase the domestic production of Oil by establishing a CO2 tax credit for carbon capture and sequestration for the use in enhanced oil recovery.
Global Warming Adv
Warming causes extinction – The best evidence proves it's real, anthropogenic, and outweighs other threats—we must move to solve it
Deibel 7 — International Relations @ Naval War College (Terry, "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic of American Statecraft," Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today)

Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.  

A tax credit solves for warming
MITEI 10
(The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Energy Initiative is designed to bring together groups of energy experts for a formal discussion of critical and timely energy issues. After each symposium, a report is prepared and published, detailing the proceedings and providing a range of findings and recommendations…. 7/23/10 … http://mitei.mit.edu/publications/reports-studies/role-enhanced-oil-recovery-accelerating-deployment-carbon-capture-and-storage .... 12/17/12… RTV )

The focus of sequestration programs has been on deep saline formations (DSFs) because
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-assisted CCS¶ program focused around CO2-EOR with anthropogenic sources.
Controlling emissions is the only way to solve for warming
USGCRP 09
(The US Global Change Research Program coordinates and integrates federal research on changes in the global environment and their implications for society. The USGCRP began as a presidential initiative in 1989 and was mandated by Congress in the Global Change Research Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-606), which called for "a comprehensive and integrated United States research program which will assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change." … 6/7/2009 … http://globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientific-assessments/us-impacts/key-findings ... 12/17/12 … RTV )

1. Global warming is unequivocal and primarily human-induced.¶ Global temperature has
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   to the changes that are unavoidable. (p. 25, 29)
   Emissions need to be stopped NOW
   PhysOrg 13
   (Phys.org is a leading web-based science, research and technology news service which covers a full range of topics. These include physics, earth science, medicine, nanotechnology, electronics, space, biology, chemistry, computer sciences, engineering, mathematics and other sciences and technologies… 1/7/13… http://phys.org/news/2013-01-major-surging-co2-emissions-road.html ... 1/10/13… RTV)
   Major cuts to surging CO2 emissions are needed now, not down the road,
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   this century. Solving the climate problem will be both difficult and necessary."
   Climate change threatens India-Pakistan conflict
   German Advisory Council on Global Change, 2008, CLIMATE CHANGE AS A SECURITY RISK, http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_jg2007_engl.pdf 

Climate change affects the South Asian countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh particularly severely
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in the flow of glacier water from the Himalayas represent a potential problem.
India Pakistan conflict ensures extinction
Clary 12
(Christopher Clary is a PhD candidate in political science at MIT… Spring 2012… http://web.mit.edu/cis/precis/2012spring/india_pakistan.html#.UN0BtG88CSo … 12/27/12 … RTV)
TOWARD THE END of his presidency, Bill Clinton argued that Kashmir, the territory
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concerned of the dangers of escalation between these two nuclear-armed states.
Climate change leads to water-borne diseases and shortages
Schueneman 12
(Tom Schueneman is an Environmental writer, journalist and web publisher for the The Energy Collective, which is an independent, moderated community of professionals focused on the complex challenges of meeting the world's energy needs sustainably. Our members are our content contributors, and include leading scientists, activists, policy makers, executives and entrepreneurs… 12/26/12 … http://theenergycollective.com/globalwarmingisreal/164606/crises-erupt-glacial-retreat-threatens-water-resources ... 12/27/12 … RTV)
The dramatic, profound impacts of global warming are increasingly becoming apparent, particularly as
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flow problems caused by poor infrastructure and people illegally tapping into water pipes.
Extinction
Keating, Foreign Policy web editor, 9
(Joshua, “The End of the World”, 11-13-09, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full)
How it could happen: Throughout history, plagues have brought civilizations to their knees
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. Biological weapons experimentation has added a new and just as troubling complication.
Manufacturing Advantage (Econ)
Manufacturing key to US econ
Sohrabji 12
(Sunita Sohrabji is a reporter for India West, a chronicle of Indian Americans. This piece focuses on the advice of Ro Khanna, the former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce to President Obama… 8/27/12… http://indiawest.com/news/6243-manufacturing-key-to-ending-us-economic-slump-ro-khanna.html ... 12/28/12… RTV)
Ro Khanna, formerly one of the highest-ranking Indian Americans in President Barack
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has found buyers across the world. ¶ I do agree that we need
The trade deficit kills manufacturing in the US
Scott 12
(Robert Scott is an economist with the Economic Policy Institute and specializes in international economics, global finance, economic impacts of foreign investment and “insourcing” and industry studies… 8/23/12… http://www.epi.org/publication/bp345-china-growing-trade-deficit-cost/ … 1/2/13 …RTV)
Since China entered the World Trade Organization in 2001, the extraordinary growth of trade
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S. non-oil imports from less-developed countries in 2011).
The deficit is primarily from oil, and EOR will increase exports through production
DCES 12
(The Diplomatic Council on Energy Security is a bipartisan coalition of former¶ U.S. ambassadors who have come together to call attention to the diplomatic¶ and foreign policy constraints posed by America’s dependence on oil…. May 2012… http://www.secureenergy.org/sites/default/files/DCES-Oil-and-the-Trade-Deficit.pdf ... 12/19/12 … RTV)
Despite sporadic efforts since the oil crises of the 1970s¶ and a more aggressive
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trade deficit on¶ which changes in policy can have a significant impact.
EOR Solves
SBI Energy 10
(SBI Reports has been leading industrial market research reporting for more than a decade. The brand established SBI Energy to address the complex nature of the Energy and Resources industry. SBI Energy reports capture data vital to emerging energy market sectors on a global scale. Growth of energy technology, manufacturing, construction, transportation and investment is exciting in its innovations and opportunities, and integral to the advancement of security and science… 4/1/10… http://www.sbireports.com/EOR-Enhanced-Oil-2523826/ … 1/2/13 …RTV)
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), also referred to as improved oil recovery or tertiary
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2009, due mostly to EOR projects, oil production increased by 17%.
US KEY TO GLOBAL ECONOMY
Washington Times 10-[“Obama: Strong U.S. economy key to global recovery”  By Erica Werner-Associated Press< http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/nov/10/obama-strong-us-economy-key-global-recovery/>]
SEOUL (AP) — President Obama said a strong, job-creating economy
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and gives U.S. goods an edge in world markets. ¶
Both recent and historical analysis prove this
Green and Schrage 9 – Senior Advisor and Japan Chair @ CSIS and Associate Professor @ Georgetown University AND CSIS School Chair in International Business and Former Senior Official with the US Trade Representative’s Office (Michael J. and Steven P., “It’s not just the economy,” State Department and Ways & Means Committee, Asia Times, 3/26, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/asian_economy/kc26dk01.html)
¶ Facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, analysts at the World
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month's London Group of 20 (G-20) meeting.   ¶ ¶
Extinction
Kemp 10
Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
¶ The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the
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expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.
Manufacturing Adv (Heg)
The trade deficit kills manufacturing in the US
Scott 12
(Robert Scott is an economist with the Economic Policy Institute and specializes in international economics, global finance, economic impacts of foreign investment and “insourcing” and industry studies… 8/23/12… http://www.epi.org/publication/bp345-china-growing-trade-deficit-cost/ … 1/2/13 …RTV)
Since China entered the World Trade Organization in 2001, the extraordinary growth of trade
AND
S. non-oil imports from less-developed countries in 2011).
The deficit is primarily from oil, and EOR will increase exports through production
DCES 12
(The Diplomatic Council on Energy Security is a bipartisan coalition of former¶ U.S. ambassadors who have come together to call attention to the diplomatic¶ and foreign policy constraints posed by America’s dependence on oil…. May 2012… http://www.secureenergy.org/sites/default/files/DCES-Oil-and-the-Trade-Deficit.pdf ... 12/19/12 … RTV)
Despite sporadic efforts since the oil crises of the 1970s¶ and a more aggressive
AND
trade deficit on¶ which changes in policy can have a significant impact.
EOR Solves
SBI Energy 10
(SBI Reports has been leading industrial market research reporting for more than a decade. The brand established SBI Energy to address the complex nature of the Energy and Resources industry. SBI Energy reports capture data vital to emerging energy market sectors on a global scale. Growth of energy technology, manufacturing, construction, transportation and investment is exciting in its innovations and opportunities, and integral to the advancement of security and science… 4/1/10… http://www.sbireports.com/EOR-Enhanced-Oil-2523826/ … 1/2/13 …RTV)
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), also referred to as improved oil recovery or tertiary
AND
2009, due mostly to EOR projects, oil production increased by 17%.

Manufacturing is key to the economy and competitiveness – massive multiplier effects
Boushey 12 – Heather Boushey, Senior Economist, Center for American Progress Action Fund, July 19th, 2012, "Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Meanson Tax Reform and the U.S. Manufacturing Sector" waysandmeans.house.gov/uploadedfiles/boushey_testimony.pdf
Having a strong manufacturing industry in the United States should be at the top of
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ideas. How will we fare if those ideas originate somewhere else?”34 

US competitiveness solves hegemony and great power war
Baru 9 – Sanjaya Baru is a Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009 , pages 163 - 168
Hence, economic policies and performance do have strategic consequences.2 In the modern
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sustain economic growth and military power, the classic 'guns versus butter' dilemma.
Domestic manufacturing is vital to US military tech innovation – dependence on foreign suppliers guts security
Ettlinger and Gordon 11 – Michael Ettlinger is the Vice President for Economic Policy at American Progress. Kate is a Senior Fellow at American Progress. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing,” April, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf
Beyond innovation and competitiveness, basing manufacturing in the United States also is important to
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obvious is the importance of keeping innovations in military technology close to home.
Military tech innovation is key to hegemony
Segal 4 – Maurice R. Greenberg Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. Foreign Affairs, November 2004 - December 2004, Is America Losing Its Edge?, Adam Segal, Pg. 2 Vol. 83 No. 6, Technology Enterprises in China.
The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new
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, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home.
Heg decline causes nuclear war and extinction
Barnett 11 – Thomas P.M. Barnett is Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, March 7th, 2011, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads
It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of
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in all of its forms, deeply embedded in the geometry to come.
Perception of decline causes US lashout – triggers hegemonic wars
Goldstein 7 Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30, Issue 4 & 5 August 2007, pages 639 – 682
Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical arguments focus explicitly on the consequences for
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the period prior to the possible crossover.19 pg. 647-650