Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

PLAN

The United States federal government should provide a tax credit for tertiary recovery that uses industrial carbon dioxide.

Adv 1 – CCS

Advantage 1 – Carbon Capture and Storage

Warming is real and anthropogenic—natural variability cannot account for overwhelming trends

Schiermeier 11 (Quirin, At least three-quarters of climate change is man-made, December 4th, 2011, http://www.nature.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/news/at-least-three-quarters-of-climate-change-is-man-made-1.9538)

Natural climate variability is … of changes already being observed.

Our tax credit for enhanced oil production stimulates a carbon market and widespread adoption of carbon capture and storage

Claussen 12 – President of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions [Eileen Claussen (Former Director of the Office of Atmospheric Programs @ EPA and Former Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs), “Speech: Utilizing CCS to Reduce Emissions,” Keynote speech at the 11th Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1, 2012, pg. http://www.c2es.org/press-center/speech/claussen-carbon-capture-sequestration]

And I also want to discuss one …carbon capture and sequestration in the future.

Only CCS can mitigate extreme climate change swings and the worst impacts of warming

Der 10 - Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy @ U.S. Department of Energy [Dr. Victor K. Der (Former Director of the Office of Clean Energy Systems where he directed large-scale demonstration programs, including the Clean Coal Technology Demonstration program, the Power Plant Improvement Initiative, the Clean Coal Power Initiative, and FutureGen, a program for near-zero coal emissions. PhD in Mechanical Engineering from University of Maryland), “ARTICLE: CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE: AN OPTION FOR HELPING TO MEET GROWING GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND WHILE COUNTERING CLIMATE CHANGE,” University of Richmond Law Review, March 2010, 44 U. Rich. L. Rev. 937

Top coal producing nations, including the United States, China, and India, … that the international community recognizes it must address with alacrity. //1ac

Reducing CO2 is key to prevent a tipping point

Hansen et al 10 – Director of NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies [Dr. James Hansen, Dr. Makiko Sato (Physicist @ NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies), Dr. Pushker Kharecha (Researcher of earch sciences and astrobiology @ NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies), Dr. David Beerling (Professor of Animal and Plant Sciences @ University of Sheffield), Dr. Robert Berner (Professor Geology and Geophysics @ Yale University), Valerie Masson-Delmotte (Lab. Des Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines), Dr. Mark Pagani (Professor of paleoceanography and paleoclimatology @ Yale University), Dr. Maureen Raymo (Paleoclimatologist/marine geologist @ Boston University), Dr. Dana L. Royer (Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Wesleyan University) and Dr. James C. Zachos ( Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences @ University of California – Santa Cruzo) “Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim?” Open Atmos. Sci. J. (2008), vol. 2, pp. 217-231

Realization that today’s climate is far out …could be out of humanity’s control.

THREE INTERNAL LINKS:

First, establishing a market incentive for industrial source CO2 creates a bridge to CCS

Moniz and Tinker 10 – Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Director of the Bureau of Economic Geology @ University of Texas at Austin [Ernest J. Moniz and Scott W. Tinker “Role of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Accelerating the Deployment of Carbon Capture and Sequestration,” An MIT Energy Initiative and Bureau of Economic Geology at UT Austin Symposium, July 23, 2010

Wealth creation from expanded use …shared with upstream CO2 suppliers. Pg. 19-20 //1ac

Second, our incentive results in negative emissions

Ricci and Selosse 11 – Lecturer of Environmental Economics @ Université d’Orléans and Researcher in the Centre for Applied Mathematics @ MINES ParisTech [Dr. Olivia Ricci (PhD in Energy and Environmental Economics from Université d’Orléans, France) and Sandrine Selosse, “Global and regional potential for bioelectricity with carbon capture and storage,” Les Cahiers de la Chaire Modélisation, Working Paper N° 2011-03

4. Discussion

This paper is devoted to discussing the global…design of future energy policies. Pg. 12-14 //1ac

Third, we spur global CO2 reductions:

CCS tech will diffuse globally

Widjanarko and Ubaydullaev 11 – Applied engineer @ Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory and Energy and Innovations Department Manager @ N-COM LLC [Stephanus Widjanarko (MA in Sustainable Energy Technology @ Universiteit Twente) and Bakhtiyor Ubaydullaev, “The Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in the Global Energy Portfolio,” International Journal of Technology (2011) 1: pg. 65-73

3.2. Opportunities

Global economic growth, especially in India and China, and … and a favorable investment climate. Pg. 69-72 //1ac

AND, CCS tech reduces carbon leakage and catalyzes a global emission control regime – unilateral emission controls fail

Klepper and Rickels 6/19/12 (Gernot, PhD, Chairman of the German National Committee on Global Change Research, member of the High-level of Leading Economists est. by the European Environment Agency, member of the Scientific Committee of the International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change; Wilfred, PhD in Quantitative Economics, Member of the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. “The Real Economics of Climate Engineering.” Economics Research International: June 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/316564.)

All in all, it appears that CE-related economic research …the study by Pongratz et al. [34] serves as a good starting point for future research. *RM – radiation management (i.e. sulphate aerosol spraying) CDR – Carbon dioxide removal

Failure to reduce CO2 emissions risks a planetary die-off – Geological history is on our side

Bushnell 10 - Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center [Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) “Conquering Climate Change,” The Futurist, May-June, 2010

Carbon-dioxide levels are now greater …the forecasts sound, they’re actually conservative. Pg. 7-8 //1ac

You must assume that warming will trigger an imminent and highly probable disaster – There is no room for doubt

Schneider 11 - Professor of Emergency Management Policy @ of North Carolina-Pembroke [Dr. Robert O. Schneider (Chair of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration), “Climate change: an emergency management perspective,” Disaster Prevention and Management, 20. 1 (2011): 53-62

Some people on the fringes of the scientific community …mitigation, planning, preparedness, and response as a guide for policymaking. //1ac

Ocean acidification causes extinction

Romm 2-18-10 [Dr. Joseph Romm is the editor of Climate Progress and a Senior Fellow at the American Progress, Acting Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy during the Clinton Administration, PhD in Physics from MIT, “Nature Geoscience study: Oceans are acidifying 10 times faster today than 55 million years ago when a mass extinction of marine species occurred” http://climateprogress.org/2010/02/18/ocean-acidification-study-mass-extinction-of-marine-life-nature-geoscience/#more-19529]

Marine life face some of the worst impacts. We now know that … the time to start slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now.

Methane release kills all humanity

Ferguson 12 [Michael, “Global Warming: An Impending Catastrophe?,” August, http://michaelfergusonforallevents.blogspot.com/2012/08/global-warming-impending-catastrophe.html]

I came across a news report back in December …of grave concern.

Sea level rise causes extinction

Sato 8 [Rebecca, Contributing Editor at DailyGalaxy.com, former Head Writer at Freedom FastTrack “Can Changes in Sea Level Cause Periods of Mass Extinction?—A Galaxy Exclusive,” 6-19, http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/06/changes-in-sea.html]

Recent research suggests that the size of the …as a society, are not.”

Causes climate refugees – risks global instability and extinction

Hsu 8 [Feng, Sr. Staff Engineer/Scientist at NASA, former engineering researcher at world-renowned Brookhaven National Laboratory, Ph.D. in engineering science, MS in operations research and statistics, “Anthropogenic Climate Destabilization: A Worst-case Scenario,” September, http://www.futurefoundation.org/documents/HUM_ExecSum_ClimateDestabilization.pdf]

3. What are the social and economic implications from the impact of the …if we don’t start taking actions now.

Adv 2 – Oil

Advantage Two – Oil

Senkaku standoff portends increasingly aggressive claims over oil-rich islands – CCP need for legitimacy will commit them to violent escalation after this fall’s leadership transition – US will get drawn in

Ramzy 9/14/12 (Austin, Beijing correspondent for TIME. “Tensions with Japan Increase as China Sends Patrol Boats to Disputed Islands.” TIME, September 14, 2012. http://world.time.com/2012/09/14/tensions-with-japan-increase-as-china-sends-patrol-boats-to-disputed-islands/.)

The standoff between China and Japan over a group of uninhabited islets in the East China … triggered broad protest in China, and it likely will again this year.

Resolving sovereignty claims over islands like Senkaku is futile – only satiating appetites for oil prevents all-out war

Copper 9/14/12 (John F., Stanley J. Buckman Professor of International Studies at Rhodes College, author of more than 30 books on China and Taiwan. “Island Grabbing in the East China Sea.” The National Interest, September 14, 2012. http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/understanding-the-south-china-sea-conflict-7453?page=show.)

Northeast of Taiwan, east of China and west of Japan’s Ryukyu islands lie a few small pieces of …resources under the waves.

Their takeouts will not account for China’s new strategy for securing oil in its surrounding seas – this strategy makes military conflict and US-draw-in highly probable

Haddick 8/3/12 (Robert, contractor at US Special Operations Command, Managing Editor of Small Wars Journal. “Salami Slicing in the South China Sea.” Foreign Policy, August 3, 2012. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/03/salami_slicing_in_the_south_china_sea?page=full.)

The Pentagon recently commissioned recommendations …they can do against a such a sharp salami-slicer.

Competitive modernization and the lack of arms control regimes enable further escalation

Ball 11 – Professor of Strategic Studies @ Australian National University [Dr. Desmond Ball, “Asia’s Naval Arms Race: Myth or Reality?,” Paper prepared for the 25th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 29 May-1 June 2011., pg. www.isis.org.my/files/25APR/paper_cs_2_desmond_ball.pdf

The prospects

Asia has now been involved in a sustained build-up of defence capabilities … the possibilities for calamity are high. Pg. 15-16

These island disputes are the most likely scenario for US-China nuclear war

Fisher 11 – Associate editor at The Atlantic, where he edits the International channel [Max Fisher, “5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War,” The Atlantic, Oct 31 2011, 1:49 PM ET, pg. http://tinyurl.com/6nh9yjm]

Neither the U.S. nor China has any interest in any kind of war with one other, …groundwork the U.S. and China can lay now.

Extinction

Wittner 11 - Professor of History @ State University of New York-Albany. [Lawrence S. Wittner, “Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?,” Huntington News, Monday, November 28, 2011 - 18:37 pg. http://www.huntingtonnews.net/14446]

While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be …they should be working to encourage these policies.

FOUR INTERNAL LINKS:

First, tech swaps provide sufficient backing for US outreach

Thompson 12 – Director of the Coal Transition Project @ Clean Air Task Force [John Thompson (BS degree in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois and MBA from Washington University), “A recipe to jumpstart CCS in the US – the rewards of collaborating with China,” Interviewed by: Adam Aston | Global CCS Institute, January 11, 2012, pg. http://www.adamaston.com/?p=781]

To spur EOR, how can we bring down carbon capture costs?

There’s where we think China comes in. China has very low cost capture technology, but they have no or … and no price on carbon.

Second, enhanced oil recovery provides a socio-political context for tech adoption

Wilson et al 11 – Professor of Energy and Environmental Policy and Law @ University of Minnesota [Dr. Elizabeth Wilson (PhD in Engineering and Public Policy from Carnegie Mellon University), Dr. Dongjie Zhang (Professor of Thermal Engineering @ Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Research and Education Center, Tsinghua University), Li Zheng (Professor of Thermal Engineering @ Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Research and Education Center, Tsinghua University), “The socio-political context for deploying carbon capture and storage in China and the U.S,” Global Environmental Change 21 (2011) pg. 324–335

In spite of these challenges, each nation also possesses some …challenge of climate change. Pg. 333-334

Third, EOR creates the framework for other energy security enhancing initiatives

Logan et al. 07 – Senior associate @ World Resources Institute [Logan, Joanna Lewis (Senior international fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change), and Michael B. Cummings (JD candidate @ Georgetown University and former Business/Solutions Fellow @ Pew Center on Global Climate Change), “For China, the shift to climate-friendly energy depends on international collaboration,” Boston Review, January/February 2007, pg. http://bostonreview.net/BR32.1/loganlewiscummings.php]

All these factors combined call into question the Chinese central government’s … for a more comprehensive climate policy. //1ac

Fourth, the plan is a key confidence building measure

Zha and Hu 07 – Professor of International Studies @ Renmin University and Professor of Politics @ University of Hong Kong [Zha Daojiong and Hu Weixing, “Promoting Energy Partnership in Beijing and Washington,” Washington Quarterly • 30:4 Autumn 2007, pp.105–115

Policy dialogues are certainly useful. Yet, as is true …help improve the status quo. Pg. 112-115 //1ac

Tournament: Fullerton | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
PLAN

The United States federal government should provide a tax credit for enhanced oil recovery that uses industrial carbon dioxide.
Adv 1 – CCS 

Advantage 1 – Carbon Capture and Storage
Warming is real and anthropogenic—natural variability cannot account for overwhelming trends
Prothero 12 Donald R. Prothero, Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, 3-1-2012, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused," Skeptic, 17.2, EBSCO

How do we know that global warming is real and primarily human caused? There
AND
change when it threatens their survival. Neither can we as a society.
Our tax credit for enhanced oil production stimulates a carbon market and widespread adoption of CCS
Claussen 12 – President of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions Eileen Claussen (Former Director of the Office of Atmospheric Programs @ EPA and Former Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs), “Speech: Utilizing CCS to Reduce Emissions,” Keynote speech at the 11th Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1, 2012, pg. http://www.c2es.org/press-center/speech/claussen-carbon-capture-sequestration

And I also want to discuss one of the most promising technologies available for making
AND
valuable infrastructure supporting broader deployment of carbon capture and sequestration in the future. 

Only CCS can mitigate extreme climate change swings and the worst impacts of warming
Der 10 - Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy @ U.S. Department of Energy  Dr. Victor K. Der (Former Director of the Office of Clean Energy Systems where he directed large-scale demonstration programs, including the Clean Coal Technology Demonstration program, the Power Plant Improvement Initiative, the Clean Coal Power Initiative, and FutureGen, a program for near-zero coal emissions. PhD in Mechanical Engineering from University of Maryland), “ARTICLE: CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE: AN OPTION FOR HELPING TO MEET GROWING GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND WHILE COUNTERING CLIMATE CHANGE,” University of Richmond Law Review, March 2010, 44 U. Rich. L. Rev. 937

Top coal producing nations, including the United States, China, and India,
AND
challenge that the international community recognizes it must address with alacrity. 1ac
Reducing CO2 is key to prevent a tipping point
Hansen et al 10 – Director of NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies Dr. James Hansen, Dr. Makiko Sato (Physicist @ NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies), Dr. Pushker Kharecha (Researcher of earch sciences and astrobiology @ NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies), Dr. David Beerling (Professor of Animal and Plant Sciences @ University of Sheffield), Dr. Robert Berner (Professor Geology and Geophysics @ Yale University), Valerie Masson-Delmotte (Lab. Des Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines), Dr. Mark Pagani (Professor of paleoceanography and paleoclimatology @ Yale University), Dr. Maureen Raymo (Paleoclimatologist/marine geologist @  Boston University), Dr. Dana L. Royer (Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Wesleyan University) and Dr. James C. Zachos ( Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences  @ University of California – Santa Cruzo) “Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim?” Open Atmos. Sci. J. (2008), vol. 2, pp. 217-231

Realization that today’s climate is far out of equilibrium with current climate forcings raises the
AND
tipping points and initiate dynamic responses that could be out of humanity’s control. 

Establishing a market incentive for industrial CO2 creates a bridge to CCS
Moniz and Tinker 10 – Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Director of the Bureau of Economic Geology @ University of Texas at Austin Ernest J. Moniz and Scott W. Tinker “Role of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Accelerating the Deployment of Carbon Capture and Sequestration,” An MIT Energy Initiative and Bureau of Economic Geology at UT Austin Symposium, July 23, 2010

Wealth creation from expanded use of CO2 for EOR can serve as an essential motivator
AND
are shared with upstream CO2 suppliers.  Pg. 19-20  1ac

THREE INTERNAL LINKS:

First, CO2 EOR with storage hugely reduces anthropogenic carbon
Drajem, 12/19 (U.S. Oil Fields Could Store Decades of Carbon Emissions, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-19/energy-department-says-oil-fields-could-store-decades-of-carbon.html)

Depleted North American oil fields could hold billions more tons of carbon dioxide than previously
AND
enhanced oil recovery now is the lack of carbon dioxide,” Waltzer said.

Second, our incentive results in negative emissions
Ricci and Selosse 11 – Lecturer of Environmental Economics @ Université d’Orléans and Researcher in the Centre for Applied Mathematics @ MINES ParisTech Dr. Olivia Ricci (PhD in Energy and Environmental Economics from Université d’Orléans, France) and Sandrine Selosse, “Global and regional potential for bioelectricity with carbon capture and storage,” Les Cahiers de la Chaire Modélisation, Working Paper N° 2011-03

4. Discussion
This paper is devoted to discussing the global and regional potential of the CCS and
AND
the design of future energy policies. Pg. 12-14 1ac 

Third, we spur global CO2 reductions – Investment leads to CCS, pipelines, jobs, and leverage in other countries
ICE 12 Institute for 21st Century Energy, 12 (November 20th, 2012, http://www.energyxxi.org/sites/default/files/020174_EI21_EnhancedOilRecovery_final.pdf)

This added oil production would have great benefits to¶ energy security for the U
AND
their¶ expertise and experience to apply¶ CO2 EOR in other countries.

AND, CCS tech reduces carbon leakage and catalyzes a global emission control regime – unilateral emission controls fail
Klepper and Rickels 6/19/12 (Gernot, PhD, Chairman of the German National Committee on Global Change Research, member of the High-level of Leading Economists est. by the European Environment Agency, member of the Scientific Committee of the International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change; Wilfred, PhD in Quantitative Economics, Member of the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. “The Real Economics of Climate Engineering.” Economics Research International: June 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/316564.)

 All in all, it appears that CE-related economic research tends almost
AND

Failure to reduce CO2 emissions risks a planetary die-off – Geological history is on our side
Bushnell 10 - Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) “Conquering Climate Change,” The Futurist, May-June, 2010

Carbon-dioxide levels are now greater than at any time in the past 650
AND
forecasts sound, they’re actually conservative. Pg. 7-8 1ac
You must assume warming will trigger an imminent highly probable disaster – There is no room for doubt
Schneider 11 - Professor of Emergency Management Policy @ of North Carolina-Pembroke Dr. Robert O. Schneider (Chair of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration), “Climate change: an emergency management perspective,” Disaster Prevention and Management, 20. 1 (2011): 53-62

Some people on the fringes of the scientific community and, many outside of it
AND
planning, preparedness, and response as a guide for policymaking. 1ac 

Ocean acidification causes extinction
Romm 2K10 Dr. Joseph Romm is the editor of Climate Progress and a Senior Fellow at the American Progress, Acting Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy during the Clinton Administration, PhD in Physics from MIT, “Nature Geoscience study: Oceans are acidifying 10 times faster today than 55 million years ago when a mass extinction of marine species occurred” 2-18-10 http://climateprogress.org/2010/02/18/ocean-acidification-study-mass-extinction-of-marine-life-nature-geoscience/#more-19529

Marine life face some of the worst impacts.  We now know that global warming
AND
that life — the time to start slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now.

Methane release kills all humanity
Ferguson 12 Michael, “Global Warming:  An Impending Catastrophe?,” August, http://michaelfergusonforallevents.blogspot.com/2012/08/global-warming-impending-catastrophe.html
I came across a news report back in December that stopped me in my tracks
AND
previously imagined.  The Russian report on Eastern Siberia is of grave concern.  
Sea level rise causes extinction
Sato 8 Rebecca, Contributing Editor at DailyGalaxy.com, former Head Writer at Freedom FastTrack “Can Changes in Sea Level Cause Periods of Mass Extinction?—A Galaxy Exclusive,” 6-19, http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/06/changes-in-sea.html
Recent research suggests that the size of the ocean itself has been one of the
AND
are likely to induce.  We, as a society, are not.”

Adv 2 – OIL

Advantage Two – Oil
Senkaku standoff intensifies disputes over oil-rich islands – Sino-Japanese desire for legitimacy risks easy escalation
MacKinnon 12/4 (Mark, “Dangerous moves in the East China Sea could bring Japan, China to armed conflict,” December 4th, 2012, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/dangerous-moves-in-the-east-china-sea-could-bring-japan-china-to-armed-conflict/article5904643/?page=2)
The Japanese surveillance plane is an hour into its flight when it spots the first
AND
foreign ships that “illegally” enter waters over which it claims sovereignty.

Resolving sovereignty claims over the region is futile – only satiating appetites for oil prevents all-out war
Copper 9/14/12 (John F., Stanley J. Buckman Professor of International Studies at Rhodes College, author of more than 30 books on China and Taiwan. “Island Grabbing in the East China Sea.” The National Interest, September 14, 2012. http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/understanding-the-south-china-sea-conflict-7453?page=show.) 

Northeast of Taiwan, east of China and west of Japan’s Ryukyu islands lie a
AND
that matter and focus on how to divide the resources under the waves.
Their takeouts wont account for China’s new strategy of securing oil in surrounding seas –makes military conflict and US draw-in highly probable
Haddick 8/3/12 (Robert, contractor at US Special Operations Command, Managing Editor of Small Wars Journal. “Salami Slicing in the South China Sea.” Foreign Policy, August 3, 2012. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/03/salami_slicing_in_the_south_china_sea?page=full.)

 The Pentagon recently commissioned recommendations from the Center for Strategic and International Studies (
AND
anything, they can do against a such a sharp salami-slicer.

Competitive modernization and the lack of arms control regimes enable further escalation
Ball 11 – Professor of Strategic Studies @ Australian National University Dr. Desmond Ball, “Asia’s Naval Arms Race: Myth or Reality?,” Paper prepared for the 25th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 29 May-1 June 2011., pg. www.isis.org.my/files/25APR/paper_cs_2_desmond_ball.pdf

The prospects¶ Asia has now been involved in a sustained build-up of
AND
interactions, the possibilities for calamity are high. Pg. 15-16

These island disputes are the most likely scenario for US-China nuclear war
Fisher 11 – Associate editor at The Atlantic, where he edits the International channel Max Fisher, “5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War,” The Atlantic, Oct 31 2011, 1:49 PM ET, pg. http://tinyurl.com/6nh9yjm

Neither the U.S. nor China has any interest in any kind of
AND
kind of groundwork the U.S. and China can lay now.¶
Extinction
Wittner 11 - Professor of History @ State University of New York-Albany. Lawrence S. Wittner, “Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?,” Huntington News, Monday, November 28, 2011 - 18:37 pg. http://www.huntingtonnews.net/14446

While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies.

Oil production is key – The alt is a strategic rivalry and conflict in every oil producing region in the world  
Herberg 11 - Senior Lecturer of International Relations and Pacific Studies @ University of California–San Diego Dr. Mikkal E. Herberg (Research Director on Asian energy security at the National Bureau of Asian Research), “China’s Energy Rise and the Future of U.S.-China Energy Relations,” New America Foundation, June 21, 2011 |pg.  http://newamerica.net/publications/policy/china_s_energy_rise_and_the_future_of_us_china_energy_relations
   
Competing Visions of Energy Security
 On the vexing challenge of energy security there remains a major contradiction between the
AND
time aggravating energy security fears and distrust of key nearby powers. 1ac

FOUR INTERNAL LINKS:
First, tech swaps provide sufficient backing for US outreach
Thompson 12 – Director of the Coal Transition Project @ Clean Air Task Force John Thompson (BS degree in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois and MBA from Washington University), “A recipe to jumpstart CCS in the US – the rewards of collaborating with China,” Interviewed by: Adam Aston | Global CCS Institute, January 11, 2012, pg. http://www.adamaston.com/?p=781

To spur EOR, how can we bring down carbon capture costs?
There’s where we think China comes in. China has very low‑cost capture
AND
CCS technology with little or no subsidies, and no price on carbon.

Second, enhanced oil recovery provides a socio-political context for tech adoption
Wilson et al 11 – Professor of Energy and Environmental Policy and Law @ University of Minnesota Dr. Elizabeth Wilson (PhD in Engineering and Public Policy from Carnegie Mellon University), Dr. Dongjie Zhang (Professor of Thermal Engineering @ Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Research and Education Center, Tsinghua University), Li Zheng (Professor of Thermal Engineering @ Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Research and Education Center, Tsinghua University), “The socio-political context for deploying carbon capture and storage in China and the U.S,” Global Environmental Change 21 (2011) pg. 324–335
¶ In spite of these challenges, each nation also possesses some distinct comparative advantages
AND
respond to the global challenge of climate change. Pg. 333-334 

Third, EOR creates the framework for other energy security enhancing initiatives
Logan et al. 07 – Senior associate @ World Resources Institute Logan, Joanna Lewis (Senior international fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change), and Michael B. Cummings (JD candidate @ Georgetown University and former Business/Solutions Fellow @ Pew Center on Global Climate Change), “For China, the shift to climate-friendly energy depends on international collaboration,” Boston Review, January/February 2007, pg. http://bostonreview.net/BR32.1/loganlewiscummings.php

All these factors combined call into question the Chinese central government’s ability to move down
AND
might otherwise have to wait for a more comprehensive climate policy. 1ac
Fourth, the plan is a key confidence building measure
Zha and Hu 07 – Professor of International Studies @ Renmin University and Professor of Politics @ University of Hong Kong Zha Daojiong and Hu Weixing, “Promoting Energy Partnership in Beijing and Washington,” Washington Quarterly • 30:4 Autumn 2007, pp.105–115

Policy dialogues are certainly useful. Yet, as is true of so many other
AND
help improve the status quo. Pg. 112-115 1ac¶