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Cites
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| 09/22/2012 | Natural Gas DisadTournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Gtown EM | Judge: Meiches 1NC Nat GasElectricity demand is driving Natgas to a price equilibrium that is sustainable for producersSantos 4/24/12—Independent trader, analyst and algorithmic trading expert w/16 years of experience ~[Pauol Santos, Natural Gas In 2012: Electric Generation Switch Implications, Seeking Alfa, April 24, 2012, pg. http://seekingalpha.com/article/524061-natural-gas-in-2012-electric-generation-switch-implications~~] Nuclear incentives discourage nat-gas investments—utilities will pursue fuel diversity if the price is right.C2ES 12 ~[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, "NATURAL GAS IN THE U.S. ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR," May 2012~] According to the latest Energy Information … Manufacturing is key to the industrial commons.Lind %26 Freedman 12—Policy Director of Economic Growth Program %26 Policy analyst in the Economic Growth Program @ New America Foundation ~[Michael Lind %26 Joshua Freedman "Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future," New America Foundation, April 2012~] Manufacturing creates an industrial … That sustains the earth’s carrying capacityWilson 6/9/12—Executive Director of the International Council for Science ~[Steven Wilson (PhD in Chemistry from University of Bristol and Former Director of Earth Observation, Director of Science and Innovation, and Director of Strategy and Partnerships @ UK Natural Environment Research Council), "Science is key to our sustainable future," Al Jazeera, Last Modified: 09 Jun 2012 15:41, pg. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/06/20126211211472368.html-http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/06/20126211211472368.html~] Paris, France—Scientific evidence for dangerous, … 2NC Nat GasUS energy policy that encourages shale gas markets is key—nat-gas can’t reach its equilibrium price and revitalize manufacturing without it.Magill 8/22/12 ~[Jim Magill, "Manufacturers, producers see different futures for US natural gas supplies," Platts, 22 Aug 2012, http://www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/NaturalGas/6582012~~] The rapid development of US shale natural gas … AT: NUKE NOWNuclear declining globally despite current subsidies—we control uniqueness.Lovins 10—Amory B. Lovins is a physicist and Cofounder, Chairman, and Chief Scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute and Cofounder and Chairman Emeritus of Fiberforge, Inc. Published in 29 books and hundreds of papers. He has consulted for more than three decades for major firms and governments (including the U.S. DoE and DOD) on advanced energy and resource efficiency in ~50 countries. ~[January 17, 2010, "Proliferation, oil, and climate: solving for pattern," expanded version of 18 January 2010 Essay for Foreign Policy, Rocky Mountain Institute, http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2010-02_ProliferationOilClimatePattern~~] The American Academy study’s basic assumption seems so … 2NC Overview—Sustainable DevUS manufacturing is critical to revitalize our industrial commons and empower the scientific community. They facilitate tech innovation that will sustain the earth’s carrying capacity and prevents extinction by pushing off limits to growth. That’s Wilson.Sustainable Development prevents 9 distinct threats to human survival—DA outweighs the case even if the plan solves one or two of them.Shahan 9—Director/editor @ CleanTechnica and Planetsave ~com/author/zshahan/, "Global Collapse, Human Survival %26 the Planet’s Boundaries, Eco Localizer, September 24, 2009, http://ecolocalizer.com/2009/09/24/global-collapse-human-survival-the-planets-boundaries/~~] Global Environmental Collapse US is key—no other country can stimulate the global change.Dernbach 9—Professor of Law @ Widener University Law School ~[John C. Dernbach, "Chapter 1: Sustainable Developme and the United States," Agenda for a Sustainable America, Edited By: John C. Dernbach, January 2009~] The Rio agreements also make clear that … 2NC UQ WallUniqueness controls the direction of the disad—This isn’t a politics debate. There is no question of uncertainty in our uniqueness argument. Nat gas is abundant and cheap. Electricity generators have already begun shifting from coal to gas. Increased demand is pushing the price towards an equilibrium point—that’s Santos. There is only a risk the aff disrupts the process of locking in a nat gas economy by deterring long term investment. Bean et al. 12—Energy Policy Advisor @ American Clean Skies Foundation ~[Patrick Bean, Gregory C. Staple (CEO @ American Clean Skies Foundation), %26 Geoff Bromaghim (Energy Policy Research Associate @ American Clean Skies Foundation) "Power Switch: A No Regrets Guide to Expanding Natural Gas-Fired Electricity Generation," American Clean Skies Foundation, June 2012 Commissioner Miller is a fictional character. But the dilemma … Natgas is booming and renewables have been pushed aside—we must avoid pitting alternatives against nat-gas.Mone 8/24/12—President of the Manhattan Institute ~[Lawrence Mone, "How to Avoid Making the Energy Boom Go Bust," Wall Street Journal, August 24, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443687504577564783641656356.html?mod=googlenews_wsj~~] Already, the direction of U.S. energy policy is … 2NC I/L ExplanationSomewhere between %243-4 is sweet spot for natural gas—anything below that undermines production.Weber 12—Associate Director of the Center for International Energy and Environmental Policy and Co-Director of the Clean Energy Incubator @ Austin Technology Incubator ~[Michael E. Weber (Professor of Mechanical Engineering @ University of Texas- Austin), "The Looming Natural Gas Transition in the United States," Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, May 2012 Prices for Abundant Supply vs. Prices for Abundant … And, price instability discourages investments.Rosner et al. 11—Associate Director @ Bipartisan Policy Center ~[David Rosner, Lourdes Long (Senior Policy Analyst @ BPC) and Jerry Hinkle(Vice President @ American Clean Skies Foundation) and Geoff Bromaghim (Energy Policy Research Associate, @ American Clean Skies Foundation) "Task Force on Ensuring Stable Natural Gas Markets," The Bipartisan Policy Center and the American Clean Skies Foundation, March 22, 2011 Price stability is particularly important for several … 2NC I/L Wall—ManufacturingNatural gas key to a manufacturing renaissance—it is a critical feedstock.Knowledge@Wharton 8/29/12 ~["The Once and Future U.S. Shale Gas Revolution," Published: August 29, 2012 pg. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=3068~~] Meanwhile, over the next few years, low gas prices … And we control impact uniqueness—manufacturing revival now due to nat gas.Ebinger et al. 12—Senior fellow and Director of the Energy Security Initiative @ Brookings ~[Charles Ebinger (Professor in energy economics @ Johns Hopkins and Georgetown), Kevin Massy (Director of the Energy Security Initiative @ Brookings) %26 Govinda Avasarala (Senior Research Assistant in the Energy Security Initiative @ Brookings), "Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas," Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, Policy Brief 12-01, MAY 2012 The shale gas boom has many industrial producers … Current Natgas investments will revitalize manufacturing.Baily %26 Verleger 12—Senior fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings Institution %26 Economist who has studied energy for 40 years ~[June 27, 2012, Martin Neil Baily (Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Clinton) %26 Philip K. Verleger Jr. (Visiting fellow at Peterson Institute for International Economics), "Could cheap gas save the economy?" CNNMoney, http://money.cnn.com/2012/06/27/news/economy/shale-gas/~~] Natural gas will transform the US into low cost energy hegemon—the benefits will spread throughout the economy.Verleger 4/23/12—Senior fellow in Economic Studies @ Brookings Institution %26 Economist who has studied energy for 40 years ~[Martin Neil Baily (Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Clinton) %26 Philip K. Verleger Jr. (Visiting fellow @ Peterson Institute for International Economics), "The coming US boom and how shale gas will fuel it," Financial Times, Last updated: April 23, 2012 5:10 pm, pg. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/09fbb2ac-87b8-11e1-ade2-00144feab49a.html~~%23axzz22MNRTqV7~~] Ten years from today, the CEA and Federal … | |
| 09/22/2012 | Biochar CounterplanTournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: Meiches Text: The United States federal government should establish a nitrogen fertilizer tax of 16 cents per pound of nitrogen.Solves through sequestration without reducing coal emissions.Technology Review, 4/26/2007. "The Case for Burying Charcoal," published by MIT, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/407754/the-case-for-burying-charcoal/. Several states in this country …emissions from cultivated soil by 40 percent." | |
| 09/22/2012 | Energy Production KritikTournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: Meiches Energy production discourse traps us in a democratic-authoritarian bargain. Promises of increased supply defer ethical and ecological responsibility to technological expertise.Byrne and Toly 6—*John Byrne, Director Center for Energy and Environmental Policy %26 Public Policy at Delaware and Noah Toly, Research Associate Center for Energy and Environmental Policy ~[Transforming Power eds. Byrne, Toly, %26 Glover p. 1-3~] From climate change to acid rain, … of conventional and sustainable energy futures. Technocratic management makes extinction inevitable—no aff proposal can solve.Crist 7 ~[Eileen Crist, Associate Professor of Science and Technology in Society at Virginia Tech University, 2007, "Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse," Telos, Volume 141, Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Telos Press, p. 49-51~] If mainstream environmentalism is catching up … and culturally, that needs to be changed. We must begin with a social critique and analysis of the modern energy regime. Ethical criticism of the existing energy regime cultivates alternatives to technocratic consumption.Barry 12—John Barry, Reader Politics @ Queen’s University (Belfast) ~[The Politics of Actually Existing Unsustainability p. 284-290~] ’Dissident’ is perhaps a better and more accurate term to apply … my writing this book and you reading it are constitutive of that struggle. | |
| 09/30/2012 | NFU CounterplanTournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: Meiches Text: The United States Federal Government should adopt a policy that declares that the United States solely maintains nuclear weapons to deter and, if necessary, respond to nuclear attacks against ourselves, our forces, or our friends and allies.CP reduces US nuclear threats without the baggage of an NFUHalperin 09 – Senior advisor to the Open Society Institute. ~Morton H. Halperin (Former director of the Policy Planning Staff at the Department of State (98-01), special assistant to the president and senior director for democracy at the National Security Council (94-96), and consultant to the secretary of defense and the under secretary of defense for policy (93), "Promises and Priorities," Forum: The Case for No First Use: An Exchange, Survival, Volume 51, Issue 5 October 2009 , pages 17 – 46Informaworld~ This does not mean that the question of why …would result from a No-First-Use pledge. CP provides a significant boost to the NPT Review and places strong pressure on other states to compromise.Evans %26 Kawaguchi 12/15/09 – President of the International Crisis Group %26 Former Foreign Minister-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_%28Japan%29 of Japan ~Gareth Evans (Co-chair of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament and Professorial fellow in the School of Social and Political Sciences @ University of Melbourne) %26 Yoriko Kawaguchi (Co-chair of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament), "Eliminating Nuclear Threats: A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers," International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, December 15, 2009, pg. http://www.icnnd.org/reference/reports/ent/downloads.html~~ 17.27 Just as important as President Obama’s commitment 17.27 to numerical … and the Commission believes this would be desirable. Pg. 172-174 | |
| 09/30/2012 | Environment Condition CounterplanTournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Northwestern HM | Judge: Olney Environment Condition CPText: The United States federal government should offer to permit companies for oil extraction in the Alaskan Outer Continental Shelf if and only if interested parties present adequate response capabilities and establish and perform oil spill response drills.Necessary for proper prevention of oil spillsDiPasquale 12 ~Christina, Associate Director, Press Relations at the CAP, "RELEASE: Putting a Freeze on Arctic Ocean Drilling Until Adequate Safeguards Adopted," 2-3, http://www.americanprogress.org/pressroom/releases/2012/02/Arcticdrilling.html-http://www.americanprogress.org/pressroom/releases/2012/02/Arcticdrilling.html~~====**Drilling for oil in this fragile region, however, .. to exploration and drilling. Oil spill in the Arctic risks species extinction and reduces biodiversitySteiner 11 ~Rick, Professor and Conservation Biologist at Oasis Earth-http://www.oasis-earth.com/ in Anchorage, Alaska, "Arctic special Why Arctic Ocean oil drilling is a risky choice," 10-19, http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/other_comments/1096998/why_arctic_ocean_oil_drilling_is_a_risky_choice.html-http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/other_comments/1096998/why_arctic_ocean_oil_drilling_is_a_risky_choice.html~~====**A large spill would undoubtedly … harvest opportunities, and forever change the lives of coastal peoples. Ocean ecosystem collapse causes extinction. Craig 3 ~Robin Kundis, Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law, "Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection", McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, p. 264-266, LN~Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for …ecosystems wherever possible - even if a few fishers go out of business as a result. 2nc overviewAND accidents or spills will guarantee more regulations and backlash – means the drawbacks of the CP are inevitableMartin 12 ~Alberto Serna, "Deeper and Colder: The Impacts and Risks of Deepwater and Arctic Hydrocarbon Development," March, http://www.sustainalytics.com/sites/default/files/sustainalytics_deepwaterhydrocarbon_march2012.pdf-http://www.sustainalytics.com/sites/default/files/sustainalytics_deepwaterhydrocarbon_march2012.pdf~~ Hydrocarbon reserves in deepwater basins are vast, …and the oil industry as a whole. Have to assume a guaranteed risk of a spill in such a high risk environment – must do everything to reduce risk – only CP solvesSteiner 11 ~Rick, Professor and Conservation Biologist at Oasis Earth-http://www.oasis-earth.com/ in Anchorage, Alaska, "Arctic special Why Arctic Ocean oil drilling is a risky choice," 10-19, http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/other_comments/1096998/why_arctic_ocean_oil_drilling_is_a_risky_choice.html-http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/other_comments/1096998/why_arctic_ocean_oil_drilling_is_a_risky_choice.html~~====**And of course, beyond these unavoidable operational impacts, …highest safety standards possible. 2NC AT: Perm – Do BothIt’s a sequencing question – once a project has been approved, none of the promises are implemented – TransAlaska Pipeline provesSteiner 12 ~Rick, Professor and Conservation Biologist at Oasis Earth-http://www.oasis-earth.com/ in Anchorage, Alaska, "Exxon Valdez Oil Spill a Cautionary Tale for Arctic Ocean Drilling," 3-24, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-steiner/exxon-valdez-oil-spill_b_1377011.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-steiner/exxon-valdez-oil-spill_b_1377011.html~~====**Seeking approval to build the .. largest oil spill. So much for "not one drop." LinksKoch 12 ~Wendy, "U.S. opens more Arctic, Gulf areas for oil, gas drilling," 6-28, http://content.usatoday.com/communities/greenhouse/post/2012/06/us-opens-more-arctic-areas-for-oil-gas-drilling-/1~~%23.UDO66uyrFjs~~====**Some environmentalists are opposed. ".. coastal areas at risk." Doing both at once will ensure the response plans are rushed and inadequatePEW 10 ~"Oil Spill Prevention and Response in the U.S. Arctic Ocean: Unexamined Risks, Unacceptable Consequences-http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/reports/oil-spill-prevention-and-response-in-the-us-arctic-ocean-unexamined-risks-unacceptable-consequences-8589942645," http://www.pewenvironment.org/uploadedFiles/PEG/Publications/Other_Resource/Oil%20Spill%20Prevention%20Policy%20Recommendations.pdf-http://www.pewenvironment.org/uploadedFiles/PEG/Publications/Other_Resource/Oil Spill Prevention Policy Recommendations.pdf~
Doesn’t solve "Allowing Shell to drill when it has … and the ability to respond effectively before we take the risk to drill." 2NC AT: Perm – Do The CPA. "Resolved" means "firm in purpose or intent" – that’s dictionary.com====(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolved)====** B. "Should" means "ought" – that’s dictionary.com again | |
| 09/30/2012 | Elections Obama GoodTournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1NC ElectionsObama will win—key states, electoral votes, Nate Silver, and Intrade.Lobe 9/8/12—Washington Bureau Chief of the International News Agency Inter Press Service (IPS), JD Berkeley ~Jim Lobe, U.S.: Advantage Obama As Election Begins in Earnest, http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/09/u-s-advantage-obama-as-election-begins-in-earnest/-http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/09/u-s-advantage-obama-as-election-begins-in-earnest/~~ Despite persistent high levels of unemployment … was widely criticised, even by fellow-Republicans. Focus on renewables would be political suicide—loses Obama the electionAardvark 9/5/2012 ~Tory, Talking about climate change is political suicide. http://toryaardvark.com/2012/09/05/talking-about-climate-change-is-political-suicide/~~ The Democrats are holding their national … that traditional socialist crusade, wealth redistribution, rather than wealth creation. 1NC Econ ImpactRomney win guts Dodd-Frank—inevitable economic collapseKonczal 12 ~Michael Konczal is a fellow at the Roosevelt Institute, "Financial Regulation" Jan/Feb http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/january_february_2012/features/financial_regulation034477.php?page=2~~ On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed the Dodd… less information has to be disclosed. Extinction What do these trends mean in the short and medium … coalesce into a big bang. 1NC Russia ImpactRomney will undermine Russia relationsLarison 6/27/12—Columnist for the American Conservative ~Daniel Larison "U.S.-Russian Relations Would Get Much Worse Under Romney" http://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/u-s-russian-relations-would-get-much-worse-under-romney/~~ Putin doesn’t actually want a "hard-line … than they have in the last year. Nuclear war—Terrorism, Prolif, multiple hotspots, turns caseAllison 11—Director @ Belfer Center for Science and Int’l Affairs @ Harvard’s Kennedy School, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense, Robert D. Blackwill, Senior Fellow—Council on Foreign Relations ~Graham Allison, "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters", Politico — October 31 — http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6-http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6~~ That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S… or failure, in advancing our national interests. 2NC—Russia OverviewUS Russia cooperation is key to avoiding a global nuclear war—that’s Allison—multiple areas of discontent could escalate.Greatest existential riskBostrom 2 ~*Gannon Award winner, Prof at Oxford, Nick Bostrom, Professor of philosophy at Oxford University, 2002, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html~~ A much greater existential … risks that we will encounter in the 21st century. AND—the threshold is small—indifference towards RUSSIA has a high probability of escalating to nuclear useKrieger %26 Starr 12—President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation %26 Senior Scientist for Physicians for Social Responsibility ~David Krieger %26 Steven Starr, "A Nuclear Nightmare in the Making: NATO, Missile Defense and Russian Insecurity," Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, January 03, 2012 http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/db_article.php?article_id=321~~ This is a dangerous scenario, no matter which NATO we …are already forward-based in Europe. Their answers don’t assume the change Romney will create—his rhetoric creates a self-fulfilling prophecy of aggressionBandow 12—Senior Fellow at CATO ~Doug Bandow, 4/23/12, Romney and Russia: Complicating American Relations, National Interest, p. http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-skeptics/romney-russia-complicating-american-relationships-6836~~ Mitt Romney has become the inevitable Republican …reasons to indulge its paranoia. Romney will pressure China %26 bash currencyReuters 3/27/12 ~"Romney would squeeze China on currency manipulation-adviser," 3-27-2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/28/us-usa-romney-china-idUSBRE82Q0ZS20120328-http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/28/us-usa-romney-china-idUSBRE82Q0ZS20120328~~ Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney is … Republican, to take up the currency bill. China’s official policy is that a trade-war will startLa Times 9—14—12 China calls Romney’s accusations ’as false as they are foolish’, http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/09/beijing-responds-to-romneys-accusations.html-http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/09/beijing-responds-to-romneys-accusations.html Mitt Romney’s tough talk on China …and the already groaning global economy." \ Romney thinks its good economicsWSJ 9—7—11 (Mitt Romney’s 59 Economic Flavors, p. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904537404576554692126810066.html?mod=googlenews_wsj-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904537404576554692126810066.html?mod=googlenews_wsj) By far the most troubling proposal is Mr. Romney’s …to attract capital and create jobs. If relations worsen…Simes 7—President of the Nixon Center and Publisher of The National Interest ~Dimitri Simes, Nov/Dec 2007, "Losing Russia," Foreign Affairs, Ebsco~ But if the current U.S.-Russian …with potentially catastrophic results. AT: U OverwhelmsObama will win the election NOW—most political analysts say he’s in the lead—he controls the swing states, mobilized base, the electoral math. Plus—both Intrade %26 Nate Silver predict a solid Obama win—that’s Lobe.A. Prefer Silver—award winning because of how accurate he was—best predictions.Rehmeyer 8—Science News Staff writer ~July 11, 2008, Julie, "Scooping the political pollsters," http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/34036/title/Scooping_the_political_pollsters~~ Who will win the election in November? A technique … have much news to report every week for his blog." Historical trends prove, but it’s not certain—-prefer empiricsSkelley 9/20 Geoffrey is a political analyst at the University of Virginia Center for Politics. "Less Than 50 Days to Go," 2012, Geoffrey is a political analyst at the University of Virginia Center for Politics. Obama will win—-he’s ahead in major swing states—-but there’s still time for it to changeBowen 9/20 Robert is a writer at the Examiner. "New Fox News poll released Thursday shows Obama winning 3 key swing states," 2012, http://www.examiner.com/article/new-fox-news-poll-released-thursday-shows-obama-winning-3-key-swing-states Prediction market’s prove Obama will win, but it could changeWessel 9/20 David is a writer at the WSJ. "Political Perceptions: Is Obama Lifting Wall Street?" 2012, http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2012/09/20/political-perceptions-is-obama-lifting-wall-street/ 2NC Link wall- DirtyMore dirty energy production will cost Obama the election—needs green voters to stay mobilizedNOON 4—23—12 executive director for Energy Makes America Great Inc. %26 the Citizens’ Alliance for Responsible Energy (CARE) ~Marita Noon, Environmentalism: Less About Hugging Trees, More About Bringing America To Her Knees, http://www.westernjournalism.com/environmentalism-less-about-hugging-trees-more-about-bringing-america-to-her-knees-2/-http://www.westernjournalism.com/environmentalism-less-about-hugging-trees-more-about-bringing-america-to-her-knees-2/**~~ Despite his speechmaking touting … convince the "greens" that he is one of them. 2NC Wall—GreenGreen energy is political suicide—Obama is avoiding all discussion on climate change and the environment. Voters have a negative perception post Solyndra and are convinced pushing clean tech will only hurt the economy more No risk of a link turn—Public doesn’t care about the environmentReuters 9/5/2012 ~Deborah Zabarenko, A pale green tinge for U.S. presidential campaign, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/sns-rt-us-usa-campaign-environmentbre8840nj-20120905,0,1412787.story~ The big question is whether any of … presidential elections, Bowman said. No uniqueness for a turn – the green base is already mobilizedLA TIMES 4—18—12 ~Prominent environmental groups endorse Obama’s reelection bid, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/18/news/la-pn-prominent-environmental-groups-endorse-obamas-reelection-bid-20120418-http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/18/news/la-pn-prominent-environmental-groups-endorse-obamas-reelection-bid-20120418**~~ The Sierra Club, the League of … and communicating with voters now," he said. And even if the plan is popular with some voters Obama can’t win messaging spin on green energy—Solyndra provesPoliticoPro 9/6/2012 ~By Andrew Restuccia and Darren Samuelsohn and Darren Goode. Who wins the Solyndra message war? https://www.politicopro.com/story/energy/?id=13947~~ Republicans have been both gleeful and …, so the impact of the attacks could be limited. And pro-environment makes Obama appear anti-economy—even if they win some environmentalists like the plan the effect is net negativeTOBIN 4—26—12 Senior Online Editor of Commentary magazine with responsibility for managing the editorial content of the website as well as serving as chief politics blogger ~Jonathan S. Tobin, Obama’s Campaign Strategy Conundrum, http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2012/04/26/contradiction-core-obama-campaign-climate-change/~~ In just the latest indication of the direction his … their renewed enthusiasm could cost him the election. Not everyone is on board, voters are still deciding – independents keyAP 9/25/2012 ~Nancy Benac and Jennifer Agesita, AP-GfK Poll: Call them maybes; a fourth of voters undecided or soft supporters of Obama, Romney http://ap-gfkpoll.com/uncategorized/our-latest-poll-findings-9 Still, in a tight race, the … 4.1 percent, and for persuadables 8.9 points. Independents are key—especially in a close electionAP 9/25/2012 ~Nancy Benac and Jennifer Agesita, AP-GfK Poll: Call them maybes; a fourth of voters undecided or soft supporters of Obama, Romney http://ap-gfkpoll.com/uncategorized/our-latest-poll-findings-9 Call them maybes. AT: Economy dooms Obama1. The economy is bad and has been bad—despite that Obama’s likely to win—that’s all our polling data.2. Obama’s winning despite the economyCook 9—13—12 Cook Report, Elections Guru Specialist ~Charlie Cook, Why Romney is Falling Behind, http://cookpolitical.com/story/4754-http://cookpolitical.com/story/4754~~ It is becoming clear that if President …and Romney supporters are growing nervous, they should be. 2NC—Romney angers RussiaPutin has stated he’s afraid of another hawkish republican in the office—relations are low. Only the general trustworthiness of Obama has kept them in check—that’s LARISON.Romney’s rhetoric is a self-fulfilling prophecy—it bates Russia into aggression—that’s BANDOWThe risk is higher with Romney—experts and insiders say regardless, Obama maintains better tiesWeir 12—Moscow based correspondent for the CSM %26 In These Times ~Fred Weir, Obama asks Russia to cut him slack until reelection, 3/27/12, Minnesota Post, p. http://www.minnpost.com/christian-science-monitor/2012/03/obama-asks-russia-cut-him-slack-until-reelection-http://www.minnpost.com/christian-science-monitor/2012/03/obama-asks-russia-cut-him-slack-until-reelection~~ Russian experts say there’s little … it seems likely the reset will continue." Romney will cause a full-scale crisisL.A. Times 7/2/12 ~Paul Richter "Russian official: Romney’s hard line could bring ’full-scale crisis’" July 2, 2012 http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-russian-official-romneys-hard-line-could-bring-fullscale-crisis-20120702,0,4689534.story-http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-russian-official-romneys-hard-line-could-bring-fullscale-crisis-20120702,0,4689534.story~ Alexey Pushkov, chairman of the international … presidency, we may have a full-scale crisis," he said. | |
| 09/30/2012 | SO2 ScrewTournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1NC S02 ScrewWarming is slowing because of sulfur aerosols.Louise Gray-http://www.telegraph.co.uk/journalists/louise-gray/**, 11/26/2010. Environment Correspondent for the Telegraph. "Global warming has slowed because of pollution," The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/8159991/Global-warming-has-slowed-because-of-pollution.html. The latest figures from more … cool the climate by reflecting the sunlight." Reducing coal emissions would trigger rapid warming due to reduced aerosol cooling.N. Chalmers et al, 1,2 E. J. Highwood,1 E. Hawkins,1,2 R. Sutton,1,2 L. J. Wilcox1, 8/21/2012. 1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.; 2NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, U.K. "Aerosol contribution to the rapid warming of 2 near-term climate under RCP 2.6," Manuscript, accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters, www.met.reading.ac.uk/~ed/home/chalmers_etal_2012_accepted.pdf. The period during which global mean … simulations by Wigley ~1991~ and Johns et al. ~2011~. That would double warming and quickly take us above the "2-degree threshold."Dr Andrew Glikson, 6/6/2011. Earth and paleoclimate science, Australian National University. "Global warming above 2° so far mitigated by accidental geo-engineering," Crikey, http://www.crikey.com.au/2011/06/06/global-warming-above-2%C2%B0-so-far-mitigated-by-accidental-geo-engineering/. According to NASA’s Goddard Institute of Space Science … near-doubling of global warming (Figure 1-http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2011/20110415_EnergyImbalancePaper.pdf). 2NC OverviewSpeed is critical—rapid warming overwhelms adaptation.Joseph Milton, 11/11/2010. PhD Evolutionary Biology @ St Andrews, science journalism @ City U London, writer for the Financial Times, New Scientist, Nature News, Research Fortnight, and Scientific American. "Rapid warming boosted ancient rainforest," Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=rapid-warming-boosted-ancient. Most scientists have assumed that, …-that’s the most important thing," he says. 2NC Warming Speed UNOAA studies show sulfur aerosol accounts for a slowdown in warming.David Biello-http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1013**, 7/22/2011. Environment and energy editor for Scientific American. "Stratospheric Pollution Helps Slow Global Warming," Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=stratospheric-pollution-helps-slow-global-warming. Despite significant pyrotechnics and … aerosols~, then we will probably see some increases" in cooling. 2NC AT: CO2 Reduction O/WTimescale is key—reduction in emissions causes warming before long-term forcing effects materialize.Katsumasa Tanaka and Thomas Raddatz, October 2011. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, CICERO (Center for International Climate and Environmental Research—Oslo), and IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis); and MPI-M (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology), Germany. "Correlation between climate sensitivity and aerosol forcing and its implication for the "climate trap"," Climatic Change 109.3-4:815-25. Another interesting feature of the two , by about 0.8°C in the years thereafter (Brasseur and Roeckner 2005; IPCC 2007, p.567). Long lifetime for CO2 means the positive impact of emissions reductions won’t be felt for decades—the short-term warming spike outweighs.Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer, and Elmar Kriegler, June 2012. Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research, Germany. "The role of aerosol emission and control for achieving ambitious climate protection targets," iew2012.odandbrown.co.uk/files/2012/06/Strefler.pdf. More than 100 countries have adopted the goal , aerosol forcing is often referred to as a masking effect. 2NC Link Wall—Reducing CoalDecreasing coal emissions would cause a short-term warming spike due to decreased aerosol cooling; positive climate impacts from reducing CO2 won’t be felt for decades.N. Chalmers et al, 1,2 E. J. Highwood,1 E. Hawkins,1,2 R. Sutton,1,2 L. J. Wilcox1, 8/21/2012. 1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.; 2NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, U.K. "Aerosol contribution to the rapid warming of 2 near-term climate under RCP 2.6," Manuscript, accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters, www.met.reading.ac.uk/~ed/home/chalmers_etal_2012_accepted.pdf-http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~ed/home/chalmers_etal_2012_accepted.pdf. The forthcoming Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) , consistent with a warming of surface temperature. 2NC I/L WallAND—prefer our modeling—the Hadley Center model puts the rest to shame.Olive Heffernan, February 2010. Editor of Nature Reports Climate Change. "Earth science: The climate machine," Nature 463, 1014-1016. This massive supercomputer at .., a climate modeller at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada. Climate commitment means warming would be unmasked.K. C. Armour 1 and G. H. Roe 2, 2010. 1Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle,; and 2Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle. "Climate commitment in an uncertain world," Geophysical Research Letters 38, L01707, 5 PP. Climate commitment—the warming that … produce a narrower range of climate commitment, but under- sample observed forcing constraints. Short lifetime means SO2 reductions would immediately cause warming.Zeke Hausfather, 6/24/2008. MA Environmental Management @ Yale, Chief Scientist and Executive Vice President of Energy at Efficiency 2.0. "Why Reducing Sulfate Aerosol Emissions Complicates Efforts to Moderate Climate Change," Yale Climate Forum, http://www.yaleclimatemediaforum.org/2008/06/common-climate-misconceptions-why-reducing-sulfate-aerosol-emissions-complicates-efforts-to-moderate-climate-change/. A reduction of anthropogenic SO2 … 1.34 degrees C (2.41 F) warming suddenly becomes 1.70 degrees C (3.06 F). 2NC AT: Ocean AcidificationNo risk of catastrophic acidification.Christopher Monckton, 2010. Chief Policy Advisor—Science and Public Policy Institute, former Special Advisor to UK Prime Minister Thatcher. "ANSWERS TO A FISHERMAN’S TESTIMONY ABOUT OCEAN ACIDIFICATION", 4-28, http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/originals/answers_to_fishermans_testimony.pdf-http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/originals/answers_to_fishermans_testimony.pdf. Ocean acidification is real. It has been documented by …e difference to the acid-base balance of the oceans. Meta-analysis confirms acidification has only minor effects. And experiments OVERESTIMATE the effects by ignoring adaptation and community effects.Iris Hendriks et al, 2010. C.M. Duarte, and M. Alvarez, Department of Global Change Research—Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies, "Vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean acidification: A meta-analysis," Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 86(2), January. The meta-analysis of our database, ….from the impacts of ocean acidification. | |
| 09/30/2012 | FrameworkTournament: GSU | Round: 8 | Opponent: Towson FR | Judge: Vint 1NC FrameworkSubpoint A —- Where we are and what we’re doing —- Debate isn’t just a place to talk about ideas—it’s a competitive game centered around tournaments, winning, and losing. Playing a good game REQUIRES voluntarily accepting a less efficient means to a goal, which means acceding to certain rules that add complication and ambiguity. It is the decision to accept, and attempt to overcome these obstacles that makes a game a game But first Suits’s analysis. It says that a game has three ….to overcome unnecessary obstacles." Subpoint B —- the violation —- They don’t affirm the resolution as a normative value statement Increase in energy production means the increase in incentives to increase energy productionDSIRE 12 Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency ~DSIRE Clickable Incentives and Efficiency Map, http://www.mrsolar.com/content/dsire.php~~%23.UBAIwrRCapW-http://www.mrsolar.com/content/dsire.php~~** The affirmative does not fit within the resolutions three categories. Subpoint D —- reject the affirmative —- we’ll isolate two impacts
Precision of rules and unquestioned authority of judges: … to run against the candidates slated by "Running Party." Our interpretation, by forcing complication inherent in resolution affirmation, is the only way to create these skills —- the resolution provides balanced difficulty —- it forces players to grapple with more difficult issues and forge more nuanced solutions —- this complexity is THE SOURCE OF EDUCATIONAL VALUE —- the difference between our interpretation and theirs is the difference between rock-paper-scissors and chess. By forbidding the most efficient means to that goal, …. is difficult, and requires years of practice to master. Moreover our model of debate as a playful game is the best educational model politically —- seeing debate as anything other than a form of arbitrary play is what creates the dogmatic cycles of humiliation, revenge, and violence that permeate politics —- accepting the resolution as part of a game enables creativity, growth, and human connections that create forgiveness and a desire to level the playing fields —- this internal link turns all of their offense. Vico asked his audience at the University of Naples in 1708 to debate two … humans become Shaw’s "race that can under-stand." Voting issue —- resolving the framework is a pre-condition for tangible discussion. The requirements given thus far are primarily negative. … some basic agreement or harmony. | |
| 09/30/2012 | Radical Humanism KritikTournament: GSU | Round: 8 | Opponent: Towson FR | Judge: Vint Radical Humanism KThe 1ac proposes reason as the as the grand narrative. We should not abandon the category of universal humanity. Anti-slavery abolition and its intersections with critiques of gendered citizenship drew on universal humanity as a source of solidarity.Paul GILROY Anthony Giddens Prf. of Social Theory @ London School of Economics ’9 Race and the Right to be Human p. 6-11 At times, the movement against slavery was … conception of kinship that could deliver a world purged of injustice in general and racial hierarchy in particular. Enlightenment understandings of humanity were always fractured – anti-Imperial strands in universal humanity should be recognized. There was a robust strand of anti-Imperial universalism that criticized dispossession and slavery.Sankar MUTHU Poli Sci @ Chicago ’3 Enlightenment Against Empire p. 266-271 Universal Dignity, Cultural Agency, and Moral Incommensurability …. given the very nature of our self-knowledge. The political significance of humanity is both terrible and terribly important. Though the concept of humanity makes us guilty, it also is a pre-requisite for a politics that can fight atrocity.Hannah ARENDT ’3 in The Portable Hannah Arendt p. 155 For many years now we have met … evil that men are capable of bringing about. Instead of viewing reason as a radical fractured understand, we should instead view it as a fractured understanding. Reason is not as universal as they think it is. Radical humanism takes up the burden and the ambiguity of humanity. Identification with common humanity across lines of oppression opens up possibilities for everyday political virtue.Paul GILROY Anthony Giddens Prf. of Social Theory @ London School of Economics ’9 Race and the Right to be Human p. 20-23 Arendt and Agamben are linked by their apparent distaste for analyzing racism … criticising the brutal, permissive conduct of "the war on terror". Defamiliarizing yourself with the aff’s unitary account of humanity and modernity re-orients our politics and ethics.Sankar MUTHU Poli Sci @ Chicago ’3 Enlightenment Against Empire p. 281-283 IN CONTRAST to widespread accounts of ’the Enlightenment’… opportunities for such a task. | |
| 09/30/2012 | Coast Guard Tradeoff DisadTournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Northwestern HM | Judge: Olney 1NC Coast Guard DisadCoast Guard is balancing priorities now – Arctic drilling forces a tradeoffConathan 12 ~Michael, Director of Ocean Policy at the Center for American Progress, "Your Taxes Will Pay For The Coast Guard To Babysit Shell’s Arctic Drilling," 4-26, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/04/26/471933/your-taxes-will-pay-for-the-coast-guard-to-babysit-shells-arctic-drilling/-http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/04/26/471933/your-taxes-will-pay-for-the-coast-guard-to-babysit-shells-arctic-drilling/~~ At a time when budget restrictions have forced … got certain things we’re just not going to be able to do. Coast Guard key to preventing overfishing and maintaining a presence in the South Pacific – prevents war and societal collapseSoto 12 ~Anthony, Public Affairs Specialist for the US Coast Guard, "USCG: Operating Forward in the Pacific," 6-14, http://www.pacificnewscenter.com/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=24571:uscg-operating-forward%26catid=45:guam-news%26Itemid=156-http://www.pacificnewscenter.com/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=24571:uscg-operating-forward%26catid=45:guam-news%26Itemid=156~~ Nations have set their sights on the South … is able to project a forward presence and deter illegal activities. Overfishing will collapse marine ecosystems – risks global extinction In this Article I have shown that the oceans are home to a … of historic proportions, and the law has neither prevented nor halted it. | |
| 09/30/2012 | US-Canada Relations DisadTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: US-Canada Relations DisadUS oil supply shortages are key US-Canada energy coop—increasing the US’ domestic supply will allow environmental groups to disrupt relations.Hale 11 - Professor of Poli Sci @ University of Lethbridge ~Geoffry E. Hale ""In the pipeline" or "over a barrel"? Assessing Canadian efforts to manage U.S. Canadian energy interdependence," Canadian-American Public Policy, Feb, 2011, pg. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3189/is_76/ai_n57958773/?tag=content;col1-http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3189/is_76/ai_n57958773/?tag=content;col1~~ The integration of North American energy markets …United States create opportunities to do just that. US-Canada energy coop is key to stabilize the ArcticEurasia Review 12 ~"The Arctic: Simmering Tensions Between Canada And US – Analysis," July 30, 2012, pg. http://www.eurasiareview.com/30072012-the-arctic-simmering-tensions-between-canada-and-us-analysis/~~ The focus of international attention on melting … more attention from the rest of the world. Oil exports to the US allows Alberta to be a global leaderMitrović %26 Malone 11 – Science and Technology Advisor @ Ressources Naturelles Canada %26 Policy Advisor with the Canadian Department of Natural Resources ~Milenka Mitrović %26 Alexandra Malone "Carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstration projects in Canada," Energy Procedia 4 (2011) pg. 5685–5691 There is a similar story in Canada where fossil fuels currently supply … parts of the country, such as Atlantic Canada. Pg. 5686 1nc Oil Sands exports to the US are key to Alberta’s investment in CCS techDrexhage %26 Murphy 10 – Director of the Climate Change and Energy Program @ International Institute for Sustainable Development %26 Associate with IISD ~John Drexhage (Lead author with Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007) %26 Deborah Murphy (Senior policy adviser @ Environment Canada), "Climate Change and Foreign Policy in Canada: Intersection and Influence," Canadian International Council, Energy Report No. 2, August 2010 The second group—representing 14 percent of Canada’s population, 17 …demonstrate and test large-scale post-combustion CCS. Pg. 19 2nc must read – CCS CCS for oil sands will set a precedent—we facilitate global emissions reductions.Handwerk 11 ~Brian Handwerk, "A Quest to Clean Up Canada’s Oil Sands Carbon," National Geographic News, Published August 18, 2011, pg. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/08/110818-quest-carbon-capture-canada-oil-sands/ The bulk of that money, %24745 million, is to come from …emissions across a whole set of activities." Extinction The ozone hole expands, driven by a monstrous …—red, desolate, with perhaps a few hardy microbes surviving. | |
| 09/30/2012 | Free Trade BadTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1NC Turn—Resource WarsThey militarize resource competitions—they are most likely sources for war.Garfinkel et al 9—Professor of Economics at University of California, Irvine ~Michelle R. Garfinkel, Stergios Skaperdas (Professor of Economics at University of California, Irvine ), Constantinos Syropoulos (Professor of International Economics at Drexel University) "International Trade and Transnational Insecurity: How Comparative Advantage and Power are Jointly Determined," CESifo Working Paper No. 2680, May 21, 2009, pg. https://www.cesifo-group.de/portal/pls/portal/docs/1/1186254.PDF~~ In the decades leading up to World War I, the proportion of world …promoting such interdependence could achieve this by itself. Pg. 33-34 They can’t solve for third party substitution.Böhmelt 10—Professor of International Political Economy at Centre for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, Switzerland ~Tobias Böhmelt, "The Impact of Trade on International Mediation," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2010, 54(4) pg. 566 –592~ The theory built on that logic receives strong and robust … by sanctions if they do not have an interest in a peaceful settlement on their own. Pg. 586-588 | |
| 09/30/2012 | CCP Instability GoodTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: CCP Instability GoodCCP instability is key to Chinese democratization —- pressure will trigger limited democratic reforms —- these will snowball into full democracy.Arthur Waldron, Spring 2004. Senior Fellow of Foreign Policy Research Institute and the Lauder Professor of International Relations at the University of Pennsylvania. "Democratization and Greater China: How Would Democracy Change China?" Orbis, www.fpri.org/orbis/4802/waldron.democracychangechina.pdf-http://www.fpri.org/orbis/4802/waldron.democracychangechina.pdf. More surprisingly, Hu has at least paid lip service to … institutions the aspirations and free-floating resentments of today’s China will emerge as a winner. No lashout…transition will be stableBruce Gilley, January 2007. Assistant professor of political studies at Queen’s University in Canada, and former contributing editor at the Far Eastern Economic Review. "Is China Stuck?" Journal of Democracy, 18.1, Project Muse. Yet what if the CCP is actually quite responsive… a relatively smooth democratic transition in China are bright and no collapse is likely. Prefer our evidence —- western analysts often mistake progress towards democratization as a crisis in CCP leadership.Sydney Morning Herald, 11/27/2008. "Outbreak of transparency," http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/outbreak-of-transparency/2008/11/26/1227491636668.html-http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/outbreak-of-transparency/2008/11/26/1227491636668.html. A WAVE of protest and riots has spread across China…in Communist Party rule. China key to global democracy —- they bailout authoritarian regimes and prevent global consolidation.Edward Friedman, Winter 2009. Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he specializes in Chinese politics. "China: A Threat to or Threatened by Democracy?" Dissent 56.1, Project Muse. There is no other long-lasting basis for trustful cooperation with the … friends, is well on the way to defeating the global forces of democracy. That’s key to prevent multiple scenarios for extinction.Larry Diamond, December 1995. Senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. "Promoting Democracy in the 1990s," http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm. On any list of the most important potential … are the only reliable foundation on which a new world order of international security and prosperity can be built. Democracy key to public influence on environmental policy —- that’s the key to preventing environmental destruction in China.Pan Yue, 12/5/2006. Deputy director of China’s State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA). "The environment needs public participation," China Dialogue, http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/604-The-environment-needs-public-participation-http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/604-The-environment-needs-public-participation. In China, environmental protection is an …e development strategy that was put forward in 1992? | |
| 09/30/2012 | Prolif GoodTournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1NC Prolif GoodProlif solves conventional and nuclear war Emperics prove Deterrence wont fail Preston ’7 (Thomas, Associate Prof. IR – Washington State U. and Faculty Research Associate – Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs, "From Lambs to Lions: Future Security relationships in a World of Biological and Nuclear Weapons", p. 31-32) Uncertainty makes costs too high Karl ’96 (David, PhD in International Relations from USC, International Security, "Proliferation Pessimism and Emerging Nuclear Powers", Vol. 21, No. 3, Winter, p. 95-96) New proliferators will build small arsenals which are uniquely stable. Seng ’98 (Jordan, PhD Candidate in Pol. Sci. – U. Chicago, Dissertation, "STRATEGY FOR PANDORA’S CHILDREN: STABLE NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AMONG MINOR STATES", p. 203-206) Prolif will be slow even in the new era. Tepperman ’9 (Jonathon, former Deputy Managing Ed. Foreig Affairs and Assistant Managing Ed. Newsweek, Newsweek, "Why Obama should Learn to Love the Bomb", 44:154, 9-7, L/N) No chain reactions. Prolif domino effects never materialize. Alagappa ’8 (Muthiah, Distinguished Senior Fellow – East-West Center, in "The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, Ed. Muthiah Alagappa , p. 521-522) Prolif stops bioweapons use Cordesman ’00 (Anthony, Senior Fellow for Strategic Assessment – CSIS, Federal News Service, 3-28, L/N) Extinction In recent years the fear of the apocalypse (or religious hope for it) has been in part a …family may be in question when and if this is achieved. Conventional WarMultiple nations are gearing up for conventional war-fighting now. Absent adjustment the world will face risks of large-scale conflict.Sieff ’9 (Martin, Defense Policy Editor, UPI, "Defense Focus: Land war threats — Part 1", 6-3, L/N) Our Impact Turns and Outweighs Case A. Magnitude—— Conventional war is just as deadlyMyers ’86 (Grover, Major in USAF, "Aerospace Power: The Case for Indivisible Application", p. 37-38) Fatalities versus misclac are 40 to 1. Benefits outweigh the costs—- Even after accounting for accidents and miscalculation proliferation saves 40 lives for every one lostde Mesquita and Riker ’82 (Bruce Bueno and William, Dept. Pol. Sci. – Rochester, Journal of Conflict Resolution, "An Assessment of the Merits of Selective Nuclear Proliferation", Vol. 26, No. 2, p. 302-303) Probability should trump magnitudeWaltz 2K (Kenneth, Prof. Emeritus of Pol. Sci – UC Berkeley, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, "Interview: Is Kenneth Waltz Still M.A.D. about Nukes?" Volume 1, Number 1, http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gjia/gjia_winspr00f.html) C. Turns Case—- Also, conventional war ignites nuke power plants—-triggering the same effects as nuke war. Prolif solves heg transitionAlagappa ’8 (Muthiah, Distinguished Senior Fellow – East-West Center, in "The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, Ed. Muthiah Alagappa , p. 484) Risks all life on EarthAdams 11 ~Mike, Editor of NaturalNews.com "Solar flare could unleash nuclear holocaust across planet Earth, forcing hundreds of nuclear power plants into total meltdowns," 9-13, http://www.naturalnews.com/033564_solar_flares_nuclear_power_plants.html-http://www.naturalnews.com/033564_solar_flares_nuclear_power_plants.html~~====**Forget about the 2012 Mayan calendar, comet Elenin or the Rapture. The real … worst nuclear disaster in the history of human civilization. Prolif stops bioweapons use Cordesman ’00 (Anthony, Senior Fellow for Strategic Assessment – CSIS, Federal News Service, 3-28, L/N) Extinction – nuclear war doesnt In recent years the fear of the apocalypse (or religious hope for it) has been in part a child of the Cold … may be in question when and if this is achieved. AT: Militarizes StrikesThe possibility of escalation induces caution in the first place which prevents the need for quick deployment or use. That’s Asal and Beardsley.New proliferators will build small arsenals which are uniquely stable. Seng ’98 (Jordan, PhD Candidate in Pol. Sci. – U. Chicago, Dissertation, "STRATEGY FOR PANDORA’S CHILDREN: STABLE NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AMONG MINOR STATES", p. 203-206) Be skeptical of their prolif bad args – based on orientalistSiler 5—Michael J. Siler, Prof. of Poli Sci @ CSU-LA ~International Third World Studies Journal and Review 16, "The Global Weapons of Mass Destruction Threat: A Counter-Argument to the Western Interdisciplinary Viewpoint," http://www.unomaha.edu/itwsjr/thirdXVI/GlobalWeapons16.htm~~ However, this global nuclear security argument does …nonproliferation thinking and practices.13 No pressure for first strikes. And it’s empirically denied.Alagappa ’8 (Muthiah, Distinguished Senior Fellow – East-West Center, in "The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, Ed. Muthiah Alagappa , p. 523-524) First strike pressure sounds good in theory but doesn’t reflect state practice.Alagappa ’8 (Muthiah, Distinguished Senior Fellow – East-West Center, in "The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, Ed. Muthiah Alagappa , p. 508-509) Small arsenals are survival. Mobility. Iraq war proves.Preston ’7 (Thomas, Associate Prof. IR – Washington State U. and Faculty Research Associate – Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs, "From Lambs to Lions: Future Security relationships in a World of Biological and Nuclear Weapons", p. 79-80) No ExtinctionNuke war is bad but won’t cause extinction. Martin ’84 (Brian, Research Associate – Australian National University, SANA Update, "Extinction Politics", No. 16, May, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/84sana1.html) Even if it happens—-it won’t escalate—-psychological rationality proves—-means specificity of evidence is irrelevant—-this psychological model applies to all actors regardless of society or culture or pre-planned nuclear strategies. Quinin 97, ~Under Secretary of the State for Defense, Michale, Thinking about Nuclear Weapons, 31~ AT: Short Flight TimesEmpirically denied. China and the Soviets fought a border clash in 1969 – didn’t escalate because of nukes. India and Pakistan border each other and clashes didn’t escalate there either – your evidence assumes the cold warRajagopalan ’5 (Rajesh, Associate Prof. Int’l. Politics – School of International Studies of Jawaharlal Nehru U., "Second Strike: Arguments about Nuclear War in South Asia", p. 137) Short-range solves deterrence. Tac nukes prove.Preston ’7 (Thomas, Associate Prof. IR – Washington State U. and Faculty Research Associate – Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs, "From Lambs to Lions: Future Security relationships in a World of Biological and Nuclear Weapons", p. 72) Turn: Proximity reinforces deterrence stability guaranteeing stable strike and minimizing preemption incentives.McNaughter ’90 (Thomas, Senior Fellow – Brookings, International Security, "Ballistic Missiles and Chemical Weapons: The Legacy of the Iran-Iraq War", 15:2, Autumn, JSTOR) Nukes overcome ALL organizational obstacles quickly, including proximity.Preston ’7 (Thomas, Associate Prof. IR – Washington State U. and Faculty Research Associate – Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs, "From Lambs to Lions: Future Security relationships in a World of Biological and Nuclear Weapons", p. 36-37) Proximity is irrelevant – common borders won’t undermine deterrence.Waltz ’00 (Kenneth, Prof. Emeritus of Pol. Sci – UC Berkeley, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, "Interview: Is Kenneth Waltz Still M.A.D. about Nukes?" Volume 1, Number 1, http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gjia/gjia_winspr00f.html) AT: C and COrg theory doesn’t apply to new powers. Small arsenals and no alert.Goldstein ’00 (Avery, Prof. Pol. Sci. – U. Penn., "Deterrence and Security in the 21st Century", p. 277-278) No impact to org theory.Madson ’6 (Peter, Graduate Student – Naval Postgraduate School, Masters Thesis, "THE SKY IS NOT FALLING: REGIONAL REACTION TO A NUCLEAR-ARMED IRAN", STINET, p. 9) AT: FastProlif is at a glacier pace – only 2 nuclear powers per decade – R Prolif is slow. Simple. Err neg because their authors repeat 60 year old platitudes without ANY knowledge of nuclear decision-making. Prefer our ev. It’s from qualified guys who used these stupid-ass concepts and then saw the light.Potter ’8 (William, Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Prof. Nonproliferation Studies and Dir. James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies – Monterey Institute of International Studies, and Guakhar, Research Associate – James Martin Center, International Security, "Divining Nuclear Intentions: A Review Essay", 33:1, Summer, Project Muse) More reasons:No assistance.Lavoy ’95 (Peter, Assistant Prof. National Security Affairs – Naval Postgraduate School, Security Studies, "The Strategic Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation", Vol. 4, No. 4, Summer, p. 746) Renunciation proves.Gray ’00 (Colin, Prof. Int’l. Politics – U. Hull, in "Alternative Nuclear Futures: The Role of Nuclear Weapons in the Post-Cold War World", Ed. John Baylis and Robert O’Neill, p. 5-6) Most don’t want or need them.Waltz ’7 (Kenneth, Prof. Emeritus of Pol. Sci. – Berkeley, Journal of International Affairs, "A Nuclear Iran: Promoting Stability or Courting Diseaster", 60:2, Proquest) No chain reactionsYusuf ’9 (Moeed, Fellow – Fredrick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future at Boston U., and Doc. Candidate and Teaching Fellow Pol. Sci. Boston U., "Predicting Proliferation: The History of the Future of Nuclear Weapons", Brookings Policy Paper ~%2311, January , http://www.pugwash.org/01_nuclear_proliferation_yusuf.pdf) Proliferation causes satellite surveillance expansion.Norris ’7 (Pat, Space Strategy Manager – Logica UK, "Spies in the sky: surveillance satellites in war and peace", p. 169-170, Google Print) That’s key to global environmental sustainability.Reibaldi ’95 (Giuseppe, European Space Agency, Acta Astronautica, "Contribution of Space Activities to Peace", 35:8, ScienceDirect) The impact is extinction – defer to the environment – invisible thresholdCairns ’4 (John, Distinguished Emeritus University Prof. Env. Biology – Virginia Tech, "Future of Life on Earth," Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, http://www.int-res.com/esepbooks/EB2Pt2.pdf) | |
| 10/13/2012 | T Financial Incentives (vs FITs)Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Iowa DH | Judge: TFinancial Incentives are tax credits, loans, rebates, and production incentives.FERC 12 Staff Report – Office of Envorcement. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ~Energy Primer A Handbook of Energy Market Basics, July 2012, http://www.ferc.gov/market-oversight/guide/energy-primer.pdf~~%23xml=http://search.atomz.com/search/pdfhelper.tk?sp_o=58,100000,0-http://www.ferc.gov/market-oversight/guide/energy-primer.pdf~~** Renewable development is … facility has to be operational before the PTC expires. The plan is not a production incentive 3.3 Market Expansion VOTE NEGATIVEPREDICTABLE LIMITS – the word incentives in the resolution is modified by financial to make it manageable. Going beyond makes the topic unpredictable.GROUND – financial incentives insure the aff has links to market disads and counterplans which are the only core negative ground across bi-directional energies. Holding the line key.2nc/1nr – F.I. are . . .Here’s more evidence. Financial Incentives need to be narrow to improve discussion – otherwise its unlimitedWebb, 93 – lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa (Kernaghan, "Thumbs, Fingers, and Pushing on String: Legal Accountability in the Use of Federal Financial Incentives", 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501 (1993) Hein Online) – italics in the original One of the obstacles to intelligent discussion …, but they are not incentives. AND – we’ll go for two impacts –FIRST is predictable limits – the only check on the resolution is that the aff can give any financial incentive for increased production. Allowing aff flexibility on the mechanism makes the topic unmanageable. Broadly defining incentives makes more than 40 mechanisms topicalMoran, 86 - non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development and holds the Marcus Wallenberg Chair at the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University (Theodore, Investing in Development: New Roles for Private Capital?, p. 29 - googlebooks) Guisinger finds that if "incentives" are broadly defined to …—let alone to determine the effectiveness of individual government instruments. SECOND ground – this matters a lot on the topic. The energies are bi-directional which means holding the line on the mechanism is uniquely important. Debate is better when the neg knows what ground to predict, research, and prepare to clash with. Their interpretation expand incentives in a way that doesn’t guarantee market changes – that’s the Webb card above.AT: W/MFeed In Tariffs aren’t Topical – they are regulatory incentivesBrady 04 - A Thesis In The Department of Political Science Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Public Policy and Public Administration) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Jonathan, "Wind Boom, Wind Bust: An Examination of the Conditions and Policies that Led to Gennany’s Wind Industry and Canada’s Lack Thereof," December, http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/8274/1/MR20699.pdf-http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/8274/1/MR20699.pdf) Government employed regulatory and … wind industry development) during the last decade. Be skeptical of their FIT evidence- its about a different program | |
| 10/13/2012 | Bats DisadTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1nc – BatsWind kills batsCRYAN 11 Research Biologist, United States Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center ~Paul M. Cryan, Wind Turbines as Landscape Impediments to the migratory connectivity of Bats, Environmental Law 41: 355-370~ Several species of insectivorous bats … and finding practical solutions to the problem are lacking. Keystone speciesBEST 07 Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology ~Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects (2007), p. 71~ We can make three general predictions about the … is nearly impossible to obtain. ExtinctionTutchton 11 General Counsel at WildEarth Guardians, House Natural Resources Committee Hearing ~Jay; "The Endangered Species Act: How Litigation is Costing Jobs and Impeding True Recovery Efforts," 12-6, LexisNexis~ The vast variety of species with which humans share … to save the diversity of life on Earth. | |
| 10/13/2012 | Rare Earth DisadTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: REMNew export quotas barely stabilizing the REM market – shaky groundTirpack 12’ The Critical Metals Report: Brandon, the Chinese Ministry … are falling has slowed drastically over the last several months. The plan increases demand past supplyBourzac 11’ With worldwide demand for the materials exploding, the …."there is not much funding and no industry around." Shortage Kills military power projection and readinessCoppel 11’ Rare earth metals have a wide variety of applications… into greater dependence on rare earth metals. All impacts, nuke warKhalilzad 95 Under the third option, the United States would seek to … than a bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system. | |
| 10/13/2012 | States CPTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: States 1NCThe 50 state governments and relevant territories should establish a feed-in tariff that creates long-term purchase contracts for new qualifying facilities that use wind and/or solar power for energy production to ensure a reasonable rate of return. The cp solves the whole aff The federal government will model the counterplan The states may exploit this power to initiate …for federal action (Elliot, Ackerman, and Millian 1985). | |
| 10/13/2012 | Concentrated Solar Power CPTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: CounterplanPlan: The United States Federal Government should establish a feed-in tariff that creates long-term purchase contracts for new qualifying facilities that use dish-stirling concentrated solar power for energy production to ensure a reasonable rate of return. Doesn’t link to the REM disad and solves case | |
| 10/13/2012 | And/Or PICTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Off 3The United States federal government should substantially reduce restrictions on or substantially increase financial incentives for energy production in the United States of one or more of the following: coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, wind powerThe net benefit – the word "and/or" is a verbal monstrosity that just serves to generate legal confusion, it plays into the hands of bad-faith readers and can generate loopholes undermining the planGarner, 06 – editor in chief of the Black’s Law Dictionary (Bryan, Student Lawyer, "Looking for words to kill? Start with These", September, p. 13) and/or. Is it a word? Is it a phrase? …whatever reading seems favorable. Replacing and/or with either "and" or "or" encourages critical thinking and reduces mental laziness. The counterplan is an act of protest to eliminate this bastard phrase from common usageO’Conner, 32 – Judge for the Illinois Court of Appeals (D. L. Tarjan for the use of Irene M. Lefkow and John Korowske, Appellee, v. National Surety Company, Appellant, 11/14, lexis) Moreover, an examination of the record shows …Against such let all honest men protest." | |
| 10/13/2012 | Prometheus KritikTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Prometheus====In the film Prometheus, humanity seeks after its nature and finds only negativity, violence and death. The aff’s criticism of tech repeats this move. The unstated assumption of the 1ac is a harmonious and authentic nature that can be accessed, and it is so vacuous it can be enlisted in the most conservative, racist and terrifying violence in the name of the natural.==== ====The idea of nature presumes an intelligent designer, something like the builders of Prometheus that is the source of order, intent or meaning for what is natural. The result turns the case – what does not jive with the intelligent natural design becomes metaphysically demonic and must be eliminated.==== The aff is romanticism 2.0. The criticism of alienated technicism presumes an unalienated epoch where humanity melted harmoniously into nature — nature becomes a signifier emptied of any particular content – repeating the capitalist commodity relation of empty equivalence locating nature as bountifully exchangeable capital and turning the case. The idea of nature is so pure and ecstatic that it demands genocidal violence. Because Nature is unknowable, even the hyper-intelligent android David can’t figure it out, and he is willing to infect his crew with alien viruses and risk his life to grasp it – the aff will conduct the same impossible search for Nature and find scapegoats to eliminate, scientists, technocrats, overly consumptive nations –all must be annihilated as roadblocks to natural bliss. We have to give up on nature or we won’t be able to save the Earth through Geoengineering. Accelerating population and techno-scientific embededdness necessitates mastery over the biosphere to regulate ozone, carbon and to reverse deforestation and desertification – otherwise disquilibrium will destroy the biosphere and lead to extinction.Guattari 89 | |
| 10/13/2012 | Heidegger Essentialism KritikTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1NCHeideggerian theories of technology are determinist and essentialist—in their paradigm technology automatically causes disaster. The terminology of "enframing" and "standing reserve" makes us incapable of deciding the merits of particular technologies.Andrew FEENBERG Philosophy @ San Diego State ’2K in Technology and the Good Life? Eds. Eric Higgs, Andrew Light and David Strong p. 294-297 Footnotes Inserted What Heidegger called "the question of technology" has a peculiar status in …. Heidegger’s theory of technology that eschews mystification, see Dreyfus 1995. Their claim that modern technology destroys meaning/being denies difference within the technical sphere. Different societies, cultures, and individuals use and mean different things with different techniques.Andrew FEENBERG Philosophy @ San Diego State ’2K in Technology and the Good Life? Eds. Eric Higgs, Andrew Light and David Strong p. 298-300 However, Borgmann’s approach suffers from both th…question of difference in the technical sphere. Their kritik of technology is fascist—because it’s an ahistorical and anti-humanist theory of the origins of technology it’s inherently anti-democratic.Tom ROCKMORE Philosophy @ Duquesne ’95 in Technology and the Politics of Knowledge eds. Andrew Feenburg and Alastair Hannay p. 141-143 ~gender paraphrased~ In his attention to technology as the prolongation of metaphysics by other means, …with any form of democratic theory. Our alternative—respect the ways that even modern technology can provide meaning and respect being.Andrew FEENBERG Philosophy @ San Diego State ’2K in Technology and the Good Life? Eds. Eric Higgs, Andrew Light and David Strong p. 312-313 In conclusion I would like to return briefly to Heidegger’s … that possibility and to criticize the present in the light of it. 1NR- Democracy DA – their argument that "only a god can save us" is a directy justification for nazisim and totalitarian – focus on personal politics and the self negate – justifies violence internal link turning their genocide args – and extinction - The decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America … interests that had vanished from civil society. 75 Technological thinking provides new opportunities for providing meaning to human existence.Andrew FEENBERG Philosophy @ San Diego State ’95 Alternative Modernity p. 230-232 Like Habermas, Heidegger seems to find in technology allenge to evolve and multiply worlds without end. permTheir fuzziness on their exact criticism—is it the technological mindset?, a certain realtionship to technology? proves our link—for their impact they retain the image of a destructive essence in the technological paradigm.Andrew FEENBERG Philosophy @ San Diego State ’2K in Technology and the Good Life? Eds. Eric Higgs, Andrew Light and David Strong p. 303-304 Borgmann’s critique of technology pursues the …. of philosophy is implied in this approach.
| |
| 10/13/2012 | Derrida KritikTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: =Chinese Finger Trap Shell= ====We call our argument The Chinese Finger Trap.==== ====There is no outside of power, oppression or the resolution. The aff’s attempt at rejection of energy production puts on blindfolds while traversing a minefield. The aff’s theoretical clean conscience inevitably creates a return of the repressed — energy production will return over and over to blow up in the aff’s face when it least expects it.==== ====Purity and identity end the possibility of the political.==== The logic of a pure rejection is secretly reliant on Platonism and western metaphysics, where mystery and hesitation can be completely consumed by untainted certainty – the theoretical embodiment of totalitarianism.Derrida 95 It’s impossible to present a new origin – historicity is inescapable and reemerges in the aff’s attempt to theorize history.
====The question of this debate is not what the 1ac should have done. Instead we should ask what the affirmative foreclosed.==== ====By relating to the resolution and _ in terms of purity and identity, the aff renders invisible other readings of the resolution and their terms, other identities of the text. This turns the case – the aff burns the roads leading away from the harms they identify.==== ====Other readings of texts are necessarily always possible because of how language functions – every linguistic organization must be able to be ripped from its context while remaining intelligible or else language would not exist or function communicatively across context.==== | |
| 10/13/2012 | Asteroid Mining CPTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: CPText: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration should invest in the research and development of asteroid mining ventures. Asteroid mining solves REMsSonter 06 - Independent scientific consultant working in the Australian mining and metallurgical industries ~Mark Sonter (Former visiting scholar @ University of Arizona who wrote a research thesis on the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Mining the Near-Earth Asteroids), "Asteroid Mining: Key to the Space Economy," Ad Astra Online, February 2006, pg. http://www.nss.org/settlement/asteroids/key.html//edlee-http://www.nss.org/settlement/asteroids/key.html//edlee~~ The Near Earth Asteroids offer both threat and promise. … already discovered) NEAs will be the company-making mines of the 21st century. | |
| 10/13/2012 | OCS Drilling DisadTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1NC DA—Drilling DAObama’s 5 year lease plan solves the case without opening up the Arctic or the Atlantic seaboard to drillingTaylor 12—Environmental and Energy Policy reporter ~Phil Taylor, "Interior to proceed with ’targeted’ Arctic leases," Greenwire: Tuesday, June 26, 2012, pg. http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/06/26/3 The Obama administration today said it will finalize a … data to proceed with development in either ocean, the agency said. Opening the Arctic leads to Methane hydrate development—They risk seafloor collapse and the release of large volumes of methaneORNL Review 2k ~Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review, "Methane Hydrates: A Carbon Management Challenge," Issue 22 Number 2, 2000, pg. http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/v33_2_00/methane.htm~~ An enormous natural gas resource locked in ice … gas levels and exacerbating global warming? Only a massive expansion of drilling will trigger the impact—Slow releases in the squo will not trigger the impactMorningstar 11 ~Cory Morningstar, "Destination—Hell. Are we there yet?," Huntington News, Sunday, March 27, 2011—01:09, pg. http://www.huntingtonnews.net/2768 US Department of Energy meeting summary: "Alternatively, an … ice and an overall temperature increase of 30°F." Extinction—Hydrate extraction is unavoidably dangerous.Morningstar 11 ~Cory Morningstar, "Destination—Hell. Are we there yet?," Huntington News, Sunday, March 27, 2011—01:09, pg. http://www.huntingtonnews.net/2768~~ This is modeling madness-http://www.climatesoscanada.org/blog/2011/03/11/climate-change-to-continue-to-the-year-3000-even-in-best-case-%E2%80%98zero-emissions%E2%80%99-scenarios/. By doing this the scientists are …—thereby legitimizing the fossil fuel industry. AND, drilling in the Atlantic will happen quickly—they risk irreversible damage to the entire marine ecosystem.NRDC 12 ~Natural Resources Defense Council, "Deep Sea Treasures Protecting the Atlantic Coast’s Ancient Submarine Canyons and Seamounts," March 2012 Out at Sea, But Not Out of¶ Harm’s Way Drilling will destroy numerous biological hotspotsGravitz 9—Oceans Advocate for Environment America ~Michael Gravitz, Statement at the Department of Interior Hearing On Offshore Ocean Energy Development in Atlantic City, New Jersey, April 6, 2009, pg. http://tinyurl.com/cxkzanz~~ 3. When deciding whether to approve … and economically important clam and scallop industry. Human survival is at riskNautiyal %26 Nidamanuri 10—Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources @ Institute for Social and Economic Change %26 Department of Earth and Space Sciences @ Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology ~SUNIL NAUTIYAL1 %26 RAMA RAO NIDAMANURI "Conserving Biodiversity in Protected Area of Biodiversity Hotspot in India: A Case Study," International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 36 (2-3): 195-200, 2010 The hotspots are the world’s most … such areas is therefore supported by this¶ study. AND, the risk of drilling multiplies with each additional drillers—you must account for the systemic risk of ecosystem collapse.Craig 11—Associate Dean for Environmental Programs @ Florida State University ~Robin Kundis Craig, "Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell," Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011, 2011 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 1863 Systemic risk is as important as individual risk. Notwithstanding the ….especially when injury occurs in the Gulf’s murky depths. | |
| 10/13/2012 | Hegemony BadTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Heg Bad1NC—Impact defense (1:14)No regional rebalancing or security dilemmas—the only empirical data goes our way.Fettweis 11—Professor of Poli Sci @ Tulane University ~Christopher J. Fettweis, "The Superpower as Superhero: Hubris in U.S. Foreign Policy," Paper prepared for presentation at the 2011 meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 1-4, Seattle, WA, September 2011, pg. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1902154~~ The final and in some ways most important pathological …that spending back up. The two phenomena are unrelated. Great power wars are unthinkable—unipolarity just results in minor power wars.Jervis 11—Professor of International Politics @ Columbia University ~Robert Jervis (On the board of nine scholarly journals %26 Former president of the American Political Science Association), "Force in Our Times," Saltzman Working Paper No. 15, July 2011, pg. http://www.siwps.com/news.attachment/saltzmanworkingpaper15-842/SaltzmanWorkingPaper15.PDF-http://www.siwps.com/news.attachment/saltzmanworkingpaper15-842/SaltzmanWorkingPaper15.PDF~~ FORCE TODAY - Two dramatic and seemingly-contradictory trends are central….am cautious enough not to want to run the experiment.)Pg. 13-20 1NC Turn—Multilat (1:49)Decline facilitates US multilateralism—paves the way for a soft landing that prevents their transition impacts.He 10—Professor of Political Science at Utah State University ~Kai He (Postdoctoral fellow in the Princeton-Harvard China and the World Program at Princeton University (2009–2010) and a Bradley fellow of the Lynda and Harry Bradley Foundation (2009–2010), "The hegemon’s choice between power and security: explaining US policy toward Asia after the Cold War," Review of International Studies (2010), 36, pg. 1121–1143~ When US policymakers perceive a rising or a stable …maximise security in the future anarchic, multipolar world. Pg. 1141-1143 Unipolarity is destroying bipartisan compact needed to sustain support for multilateralism—makes our policies erratic and incoherent.Kupchan %26 Trubowitz 7—Professor of International Affairs @ Georgetown University %26 Professor of Government @ University of Texas-Austin ~Charles A. Kupchan (Senior Fellow @ Council on Foreign Relations, and Henry A. Kissinger Scholar at the Library of Congress) %26 Peter L. Trubowitz (Senior Fellow @ Robert Strauss Center for International Security and Law), "Dead Center: The Demise of Liberal Internationalism in the United States," International Security, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Fall 2007), pp. 7–44~ The conditions that sustained liberal internationalism …is as selective and judicious as it is purposeful. Pg. 8-10 Multilat leads to global coop and power sharing—it creates shared framework of interaction changes the way states interpret global politicsPouliot 11—Professor of Poli Sci @ McGill University ~Vincent Pouliot, "Multilateralism as an End in Itself," International Studies Perspectives (2011) 12, 18–26~ Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and …—three processual benefits that further strengthen the impetus for multilateral dialog. Pg. 21-23 That cooperation is key to planetary survival—weak regulations risk extinction.Masciulli 11—Professor of Political Science @ St Thomas University ~Joseph Masciulli, "The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies," Bulletin of Science, Technology %26 Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5~ What is most to be feared is enhanced global … and tragically, leave global survival and security to their longer term agendas. Pg. 4-5 AND, unipolarity directly trades off with US leadership.Ikenberry 6—Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton University ~G. John Ikenberry, Liberal International Theory in the Wake of 911 and American Unipolarity, 22 January 2006, pg. http://tinyurl.com/6v3vtyy-http://tinyurl.com/6v3vtyy~~ Liberalism and American Hegemony - A final crisis point in liberal … order is now a reality that America itself must accommodate itself to. 2NC2NC Fettweis—EmpiricsAND, their authors ignore the foreign policy options other countries—makes their theoretical predictions bankrupt.Hurrell 6—Director of the Centre for International Studies @ University of Oxford ~Andrew Hurrell, "Hegemony, liberalism and global order: what space for would-be great powers?" International Affairs 82, 1 (2006) 1‒19~ Neo-realist theory has generated an enormous and sophisticated …development of successful theory. Pg. 6 Their defense of unipolarity is plagued by conceptual confusion and methodological laziness.Yang 10—Ph.D Candidate in the Politics %26 International Relations Program @ University of Southern California ~Xiangfeng Yang, The Unipolar Challenge: Power, Culture and Authority and the Advent of War, March 25, 2010, pg. http://www.stockholm.sgir.eu/uploads/The%20Unipolar%20Challenge,%203rd%20Draft.pdf-http://www.stockholm.sgir.eu/uploads/The Unipolar Challenge, 3rd Draft.pdf~ Turning the conventional wisdom on its head, the positivist intellectual …the United States will do in the future.8 pg. 13 US restraint is risk free—interdependence and institutions will keep the peace.Fettweis 10—Professor of Political Science at Tulane University ~Christopher J. Fettweis, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, 2010~ If the only thing standing between the world and chaos is U.S. the military …would be virtually risk free. pg. 175-176 2NC Jervis—No GP warAND, great power bargaining prevents war.Chadefaux 11—Professor of Political Science at ETH Zurich ~Dr. Thomas Chadefaux, "Bargaining over power: when do shifts in power lead to war? International Theory (2011), 3:2, pg. 228–253~ This result shows that the commitment problem …be tempted to preempt never emerge in the first place. Pg. 234-237 Creating opportunities for rising powers preserves global peace—they want status not dominance.Ikenberry 10—Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University ~G. John Ikenberry, "The Liberal International Order and its Discontents," Millennium: Journal of International Studies Vol.38 No.3, pp. 509–521~ The Durability of Liberal International Order - There are also reasons …within it and on its edges. Pg. 514-515 Boosting their relative power status encourages cooperation—ignore ev that fails to account for the importance of status.Larson %26 Shevchenko 10—Professor of Political Science at UCLA %26 Professor of Political Science at CSU, Fullerton ~Deborah Welch Larson %26 Alexei Shevchenko, "Status Seekers: Chinese and Russian Responses to U.S. Primacy," International Security, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Spring 2010), pp. 63–95~ Securing Chinese and Russian cooperation requires … receive greater consideration as a tool of global governance. Pg. 66-67 Extra O/V CardsThat will leave every continent littered with failed states and cause terrorism.Calleo 9—Director of the European Studies Program at Johns Hopkins University ~David P. Calleo, Follies of Power: America’s Unipolar Fantasy, 2009~ In effect, America’s policy in Iraq replaced a …for the weak against the strong. pg. 77-78 That outweighs their great power war impact—failed states pose a greater risk of nuclear war.Hamilton 10—Executive Director of the Center for Transatlantic Relations @ Johns Hopkins University ~Daniel Hamilton, "Forging Networked Security in a Nobody-in-Charge World," The International Spectator, Vol. 45, No. 4, December 2010, pg. 5–11~ Despite the global economic downturn, globalisation will continue. It …networks that move freely across borders. Pg. 6 AND, Russia, China and India will model our military strategyKennedy 2—US Senator ~Senator Edward M. Kennedy, "The Bush Doctrine of Pre-Emption," Delivered on the Floor of the US Senate, Monday, 7 October, 2002, pg. http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=pmt%26folder=339%26paper=389~~ It is impossible to justify any such double …Pakistan, and China and Taiwan. AT: KaganKagan is wrong about everything—he ignores reality.Bacevich 8—Andrew J. Bacevich, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University (July/August, 2008, "Present at the Re-Creation," Foreign Affairs, Volume 87, Issue 4, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Academic Search Premier) Despite his newfound realism, Kagan balks at … acknowledge this new reality. 2NC Overview—TechAND, our impact is 100 million times greater than nuclear war—You should vote neg even if 99% of humanity will perish.Ćirković 8—Professor of Physics @ University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Senior Research Associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade ~Milan M. Ćirković Ph.D. (Fellow of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies), "How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?," Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, September 17, 2008, pg. http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/print/2606~~ The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those … regardless of how much one worries about extinction. Our impact qualitatively distinct—their impact is just a recoverable setback.Bostrom 9—Director of the Future of Humanity Institute and the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology ~Nick Bostrom (Professor of Philosophy @ Oxford University), "The Future of Humanity," Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2009): 41-78 http://www.nickbostrom.com/papers/future.html-http://www.nickbostrom.com/papers/future.html~~ The greatest extinction risks (and existential risks more generally) arise from …This takes us to the second family of scenarios: recurrent collapse. A less than 1% risk of this impact wins the debateHughes 1—Executive Director of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies ~James J. Hughes Ph.D (Professor of medical ethics and research methods @ Trinity College), "Relinquishment or Regulation: Dealing with Apocalyptic Technological Threats," Prepared for the Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Co-Curricular Initiative, Trinity College, Fall 2001, November 14, 2001~ Many critics have dismissed Joy’s concerns as "science … rewards of some line of research be to gamble with human existence? Pg. 7 AND, nuclear winter doesn’t exist—Robock is cooking the numbersSeitz 11—Research fellow in physics @ Harvard University ~Russell Seitz (Ph. D in applied physics @ Harvard University), "Nuclear winter was and is debatable," Nature, 475, 37 (07 July 2011) pg. http://tinyurl.com/7jr3sxz~~ Alan Robock’s contention that there has been no real … the very term ’nuclear winter’ into question. Limited retaliation strategy prevents nuclear winter. Use of counterforce targeting prevents city fires and the release of soot.Powell 89—Professor of Poli Sci @ Harvard University ~Robert Powell, "Nuclear Deterrence and the Strategy of Limited Retaliation," The American Political Science Review, Vol. 83, No. 2 (Jun., 1989), pp. 503-519~ Conclusions - Although mutually assured destruction may be … from making a challenge that it would have been certain to make had it been completely confident about the defender’s resolve. 2NC AT: N/U—Reintervene/Latch-onAND, a robust and statistically significant study proves.Bafumi %26 Parent 12—Professor of Government at Dartmouth College %26 Professor of Political Science at University of Miami ~Joseph Bafumi %26 Joseph Parent "International polarity and America’s polarization," International Politics (2012) 49, pg. 1–35~ We reach different predictions than rival views, … how to make a virtue of this necessity. Pg. 26-28 The only comprehensive study proves no transition impact.MacDonald %26 Parent 11—Professor of Political Science at Williams College %26 Professor of Political Science at University of Miami ~Paul K. MacDonald %26 Joseph M. Parent, "Graceful Decline? The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment," International Security, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Spring 2011), pp. 7–44~ In this article, we question the logic and evidence of … recovered their relative position. Pg. 9-10 US decline will not spark wars—theory and the empirical record prove.MacDonald %26 Parent 11—Professor of Political Science at Williams College %26 Professor of Political Science at University of Miami ~Paul K. MacDonald %26 Joseph M. Parent, "Graceful Decline? The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment," International Security, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Spring 2011), pp. 7–44~ Our findings are directly relevant to what …problems and risk unnecessary clashes. 101 Unipolarity causes intervention—social evolution theory proves.Tang %26 Long 11—Professor of International Relations @ Fudan University %26 Professor of history @ Nanyang Technological University ~Shiping Tang %26 S.R. Joey Long "America’s military interventionism: A social evolutionary interpretation," European Journal of International Relations, May 11, 2011, pg. 1–30~ Our social evolutionary approach has also been … between America and other countries. Pg. 19-21 AT: Go Down FightingDomestic lobbying and the public prevent lash-out.MacDonald and Parent 11—Former Research Fellow, International Security Program ~Spring 2011, Paul K. MacDonald and Joseph M. Parent, Belfer Center at Harvard, "Graceful Decline? The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment" International Security, volume 35, issue 4, pages 7-44, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/ISEC_a_00034-MacDonald_proof2.pdf~~ Although useful in many contexts, domestic constraint arguments suffer from several problems. First…. should expect partisan rancor and sectoral rivalry to recede. | |
| 10/13/2012 | AT LNG Exports AdvantageTournament: UK | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgia LS | Judge: Stone Adv 21NC Turn—Resource WarsThey militarize resource competitions—they are most likely sources for war.Garfinkel et al 9—Professor of Economics at University of California, Irvine ~Michelle R. Garfinkel, Stergios Skaperdas (Professor of Economics at University of California, Irvine ), Constantinos Syropoulos (Professor of International Economics at Drexel University) "International Trade and Transnational Insecurity: How Comparative Advantage and Power are Jointly Determined," CESifo Working Paper No. 2680, May 21, 2009, pg. https://www.cesifo-group.de/portal/pls/portal/docs/1/1186254.PDF~~ In the decades leading up to World War I, the proportion … promoting such interdependence could achieve this by itself. Pg. 33-34 They can’t solve for third party substitution.Böhmelt 10—Professor of International Political Economy at Centre for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, Switzerland ~Tobias Böhmelt, "The Impact of Trade on International Mediation," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2010, 54(4) pg. 566 –592~ The theory built on that logic receives strong and robust … sanctions if they do not have an interest in a peaceful settlement on their own. Pg. 586-588 1NC Link—U.S. DiplomacyTurn—US political influence will be used to exclusively expand its market access—it will benefit the least competitive producersBerger et al. 10—Professor of Politics @ New York University ~Daniel Berger, William Easterly (Professor of Economics @ New York University), Nathan Nunn (Professor of Economics @ New York University) %26 Shanker Satyanath (Professor of Politics @ New York University), COMMERCIAL IMPERIALISM? POLITICAL INFLUENCE AND TRADE DURING THE COLD WAR, NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Working Paper 15981, May 2010~ Our analysis has provided evidence that increased … were uncompetitive in producing. Pg. 40-41 And that forces open global ag markets.Hansen-Kuhn 11—International Program Director at Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy ~Karen Hansen-Kuhn (Master’s degree in International Development from The American University), "Getting our Priorities Straight: Making U.S. Trade Policy Serve Global Food Security Goals," Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, January 2011, pg. http://www.climatehealthconnect.org/sites/climatehealthconnect.org/files/resources/451_2_107901.pdf~~ The food, finance and climate crises are all evidence of how much … emergency payments, later codified as the current system of agricultural subsidies. Ag trade destroys agro-ecological small farmers.Aniekwe 10—Doctoral Candidate in Development and Economic Studies at University of Bradford ~Chika Charles Aniekwe, "Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Small-Holder Development: West African Rice Farmers in Perspective," (March 26, 2010). Second Africa Rice Congress, March 2010, Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2003536~~ Although agricultural liberalization has the … the agro-ecological small-holder farmers. Pg. 2 A free trade reversal prevents their demise.Rossett 11—Rural devilment specialist at Center for the Study of the Americas, UC Berkeley ~Peter Rossett (Ph.D. in agro-ecology from the University of Michigan and Former professor of sustainable agricultural management at UC Berkeley, University of Texas and Stanford University), "Food Sovereignty and Alternative Paradigms to Confront Land Grabbing and the Food and Climate Crises," Development (2011) 54(1), 21–30~ One way to promote local economic development in rural … review current developments in agrarian reform. Pg. 23 ExtinctionCummins 10—Founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association ~Ronnie Cummins "Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10," Organic Consumers Association, October 7, 2010, http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_21747.cfm~~ In other words the direct (food, fiber, and biofuels production, … who don’t die may wish that they had. 1NC Turn—ChinaUS preferential trade initiatives discriminate against China.Bown %26 McCulloch 5—Professors of Economics and International Business at Brandeis University ~Chad P. Bown %26 Rachel McCulloch, "U.S. TRADE POLICY TOWARD CHINA: DISCRIMINATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS," East Asian Bureau of Economic Research, February 2005, pg. http://www.eaber.org/sites/default/files/documents/paftad_30_bown_mcculloch.pdf~~ Any country excluded from preferential … non-Chinese exporters to the detriment of their Chinese competitors. Pg. 7-8 That risks preemptive war.Peterson 11—Professor of Political Science at Oklahoma State University ~Timothy M Peterson, "Third-party trade, political similarity, and dyadic conflict," Journal of Peace Research, 48(2) 185–200~ The question of how trade affects conflict is one of the most examined ….n conflict, the potentially aggravating impact of third-party trade diminishes. Pg. 185-186 EconUS not key to the global economy – developing world decouplesNo impact to economic collapseBarnett, senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC, contributing editor/online columnist for Esquire, 8/25/’9 When the global financial crisis struck roughly a …, for example, hasn’t led us to anything beyond advising and training local forces. AT: China REMWe already have GPS- a cut of rare earth doesn’t impair current abilities- that’s their Lieber and Press card Their Kennedy card specifically says Lanthadium is key. But, no risk of a shortage– not even closeJepson 12’ The aff doesn’t solve hyprocisy- Tammy says other mining and exploration restrictions are alt causes And, no dependence on china - domestic manufacturing now, expanding, multiple warrantsMartyn 12’ 2NC2NC—GarfinkelTheir failure account for resource contestation makes their studies incomplete.Garfinkel et al 11—Professor of Economics at University of California, Irvine ~Michelle R. Garfinkel, Stergios Skaperdas (Professor of Economics at University of California, Irvine), Constantinos Syropoulos (Professor of International Economics at Drexel University) "Trade and Insecure Resources: Implications for Welfare and Comparative Advantage," August 19, 2011, pg. http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~~mrgarfin/papers/gss5i-2i.pdf~~ In the decades leading up to World War I, the proportion of world trade to … include insecurity and contestation of resources. Pg. 22-23 History is on our side.Garfinkel et al 11—Professor of Economics at University of California, Irvine ~Michelle R. Garfinkel, Stergios Skaperdas (Professor of Economics at University of California, Irvine), Constantinos Syropoulos (Professor of International Economics at Drexel University) "Trade and Insecure Resources: Implications for Welfare and Comparative Advantage," August 19, 2011, pg. http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~~mrgarfin/papers/gss5i-2i.pdf~~ For economists it would not appear to be controversial to state that the defense … States are around 4 to 6 trillion dollars (Stiglitz and Bilmes, 2011).2 pg. 2 2NC—BöhmeltExtend Böhmelt, third party substitution nullifies interdependence—Their ev ignores the ease with which countries can substitute markets and trading partners. Trade links to countries outside of the trade regime undermines the need for trading partners to compromise. Prefer our ev—it has strong and robust empirical support and it is based on studies from a Professor of International Political Economy. AND, there’s no empirical support for themBöhmelt 10—Professor of International Political Economy at Centre for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, Switzerland ~Tobias Böhmelt, "The Impact of Trade on International Mediation," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2010, 54(4) pg. 566 –592~ To recap, trade as a determinant of mediation has only recently received attention. … of bilateral trade links. The following sections try to address both of these issues. Pg. 571 2NC Impact—PTA/GrowthAND, their trading regime will be based on preferential agreements—not multilateralism.Schott 11—senior fellow at Peterson Institute for International Economics ~Jeffrey J. Schott, "What Should the United States Do about Doha?" Peterson Institute for International Economics, Policy Brief Number PB11—8, June 2011~ The Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations in the World Trade … economic policy; the near-term prospects for success have faded to white. Pg. 1 Trade diversion is necessary to gain political support—they can’t access their multilateral trading impacts.Krishna 12—Professor of International Economics at Johns Hopkins University ~Pravin Krishna, "PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS AND THE WORLD TRADE SYSTEM: A MULTILATERALIST VIEW," NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Paper 17840, February 2012, http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2012/09847.pdf~~ Levy (1997) has modeled trade policy as being determined by majority voting and …. trade and thus undermine the multilateral trade system. AND, PTAs will uniquely hinder growth—trading outside of the regime is the superior option.McArthur %26 Tucker 10—Trade and Finance Researcher @ Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch %26 Research Director at Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch ~Travis McArthur %26 Todd Tucker, Lies, Damn Lies and Export Statistics: How Corporate Lobbyists Distort Record of Flawed Trade Deals, September 2010~ President Obama’s goal to double U.S. exports over the next five years to … non-FTA partners to be 4.2 percent over 1998-2008. This mirrors our findings. Pg. 3-6 That gives us a better internal link for their war scenario—our study is based on 152 countries over 42 years.Blomberg %26 Hess 2—Professor of of Economics at Wellesley College %26 Professor of Economics at Oberlin College ~S. Brock Blomberg %26 Gregory D. Hess, "The Temporal Links between Conflict and Economic Activity," Journal of Conflict Resolution February 2002 vol. 46 no. 1 74-90~ To begin this temporal "causal" investigation, we first need to develop a …conditional poverty-conflict trap. Pg. 76-77 |
Round Reports
| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| GSU | 2 |
Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: Meiches 1NC 2NC 2NR |
| GSU | 4 |
Opponent: Northwestern HM | Judge: Olney 1NC 2NC 1NR 2NR |
| GSU | 5 |
Opponent: Georgia CG | Judge: Hall 1NC CCP Collapse good 2NC 1NR 2NR elections and case |
| GSU | 8 |
Opponent: Towson FR | Judge: Vint 1NC 2NC 1NR 2NR |
| UK | 2 |
Opponent: Iowa DH | Judge: CramHelwich 1NC Block 2NR |
| UK | 4 |
Opponent: West Ga DF | Judge: Bankey 1NC Block 2NR |
| UK | 5 |
Opponent: Georgia LS | Judge: Stone 1NC Block 2NR |
| UK | 7 |
Opponent: Arizona State | Judge: Blumenthal 1NC Block 2nr |
| Harvard | 1 |
Opponent: UCF JM | Judge: Kernoff Coercion |
| Harvard | 3 |
Opponent: MSU HR | Judge: Karlson States (2nr) |
| Harvard | 5 |
Opponent: Wayne LM | Judge: Kennedy Framework (2nr) |
| Harvard | 8 |
Opponent: Mo State GN | Judge: Kallmyer NFU + Biochar cp (2NR) |
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